U.S. patent application number 11/075117 was filed with the patent office on 2005-07-28 for system and method for processing call signaling.
This patent application is currently assigned to SPRINT COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY L. P.. Invention is credited to Howell, Royal Dean.
Application Number | 20050163110 11/075117 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34519762 |
Filed Date | 2005-07-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050163110 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Howell, Royal Dean |
July 28, 2005 |
System and method for processing call signaling
Abstract
A processing system processes a first signaling message from a
packet system and identifies a Time Division Multiplex (TDM)
communication path to a TDM system. The processing system transfers
a control message indicating the TDM communication path. The
processing system selects a signaling format for the TDM system and
generates a second signaling message in the selected signaling
format indicating the TDM communication path. The processing system
transfers the second signaling message in the selected signaling
format to the TDM system. The interworking system receives the
control message and the packet communications, and in response,
converts the packet communications into TDM communications and
transfers the TDM communications over the TDM communications path
to the TDM system.
Inventors: |
Howell, Royal Dean;
(Trimble, MO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SPRINT
6391 SPRINT PARKWAY
KSOPHT0101-Z2100
OVERLAND PARK
KS
66251-2100
US
|
Assignee: |
SPRINT COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY L.
P.
|
Family ID: |
34519762 |
Appl. No.: |
11/075117 |
Filed: |
March 8, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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11075117 |
Mar 8, 2005 |
|
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09219096 |
Dec 22, 1998 |
|
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6888833 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/352 ;
370/401; 370/467 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04J 3/125 20130101;
H04L 2012/5665 20130101; H04L 2012/5629 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
370/352 ;
370/401; 370/467 |
International
Class: |
H04L 012/28; H04L
012/56; H04L 012/66 |
Claims
1. A communication system that is coupled to a packet system that
transfers a first signaling message for a call and transfers packet
communications for the call, the communication system comprising: a
processing system configured to process the first signaling message
from the packet system, identify a Time Division Multiplex (TDM)
communication path to a TDM system in response to the first
signaling message, transfer a control message indicating the TDM
communication path, select a signaling format for the TDM system
from a plurality of available signaling formats, generate a second
signaling message for the call in the selected signaling format
indicating the TDM communication path, and transfer the second
signaling message in the selected signaling format to the TDM
system; and an interworking system configured to receive the
control message and the packet communications for the call, and in
response, to convert the packet communications into TDM
communications and transfer the TDM communications over the TDM
communications path to the TDM system.
2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and a packet signaling format.
3. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and a broadband signaling format.
4. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and an asynchronous transfer mode signaling format.
5. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and an internet protocol signaling format.
6. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and an Ethernet signaling format.
7. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signaling
format.
8. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and a GR-303 signaling format.
9. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the available
signaling formats comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling
format and a C7 signaling format.
10. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the processing
system is configured to receive the first signaling message from an
internet protocol link.
11. A method of operating a communication system that is coupled to
a packet system that transfers a first signaling message for a call
and transfers packet communications for the call, the method
comprising: receiving and processing the first signaling message
from the packet system; identifying a Time Division Multiplex (TDM)
communication path to a TDM system in response to the first
signaling message; selecting a signaling format for the TDM system
from a plurality of available signaling formats; generating a
second signaling message for the call in the selected signaling
format indicating the TDM communication path; transferring the
second signaling message in the selected signaling format to the
TDM system; and receiving the packet communications for the call,
and in response, converting the packet communications into TDM
communications and transferring the TDM communications over the TDM
communications path to the TDM system.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and a
packet signaling format.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and a
broadband signaling format.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and an
asynchronous transfer mode signaling format.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and an
internet protocol signaling format.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and an
Ethernet signaling format.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and an
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signaling format.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and a
GR-303 signaling format.
19. The method of claim 11 wherein the available signaling formats
comprise a Signaling System Seven (SS7) signaling format and a C7
signaling format.
20. The method of claim 11 wherein receiving the first signaling
message comprises receiving the first signaling message from an
internet protocol link.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This patent application is a continuation of patent
application Ser. No. 09/219,096, entitled "System and Method for
Processing Call Signaling," filed on Dec. 22, 1998, and that is
hereby incorporated by reference into this patent application.
FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
MICROFICHE APPENDIX
[0003] Not Applicable
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention relates to the field of
telecommunications call switching and transport and, more
particularly, for receiving, processing, and/or transmitting call
signaling.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Broadband systems provide telecommunications providers with
many benefits, including greater bandwidth, more efficient use of
bandwidth, and the ability to integrate voice, data, and video
communications. These broadband systems provide callers with
increased capabilities at lower costs. The broadband systems use
call signaling to determine call routing and processing.
[0006] Currently, many broadband systems use similar call signaling
communication methods regardless of whether signaling is
transferred to or from specific telecommunications networks from
other networks, within specific networks, or between specific
networks. For example, typically all call signaling is transmitted
via links in a signaling system 7 (SS7) network. However, increased
efficiency and speed maybe realized by using different methods and
systems for transferring call signaling within and between
designated communications networks. Thus, a system is needed for
intra-network and inter-network call signaling transmissions that
will increase the speed and efficiency of transmitting and
processing call signaling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention comprises a system for connecting a
call having call signaling. The system comprises a signaling
processor to receive and process the call signaling to determine
new call signaling and a connection for the call. The system also
has a signaling point connected to the signaling processor by at
least either a backplane or a bus structure or a single computer
architecture. The signaling point is to receive and transmit the
call signaling and the new call signaling between the signaling
processor and communication device.
[0008] The present invention also comprises a system for connecting
a call having call signaling and user communications. The system
comprises a signaling processor to receive and process the call
signaling to determine a connection for the user communications, to
determine a destination for processed call signaling, and to
transmit the processed call signaling. A signaling point is
connected to the signaling processor in a single architecture. The
signaling point is to receive and transmit the call signaling
between the signaling processor and a communication device. An
asynchronous transfer mode matrix is to receive the processed call
signaling from the signaling processor and to connect the processed
call signaling using an asynchronous transfer mode connection.
[0009] The present invention further comprises a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises a signaling processor to receive and process
the call signaling to determine a connection for the user
communications, to determine a destination for processed call
signaling, and to transmit the processed call signaling. An
asynchronous transfer mode matrix receives the processed call
signaling, from the signaling processor and connects the processed
call signaling using an asynchronous transfer mode connection.
[0010] Further, the present invention comprises a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises a signaling interface adapted to receive and
process the call signaling to determine call information elements
and to transmit the call information elements. A call processor is
adapted to receive and process the call information elements to
determine a connection for the user communications, to determine a
destination for new call signaling, and to generate the new call
signaling. An asynchronous transfer mode matrix is adapted to
receive the new call signaling from the call processor and to
transmit the new call signaling using an asynchronous transfer mode
connection.
[0011] The present invention also is directed to a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises a signaling interface that receives and
process the call signaling to determine call information elements,
transmits the call information elements, receives new call
information elements, and transmits the new call information
elements as new call signaling. A call processor receives the call
information elements from the signaling interface, processes the
call information elements to determine new call information
elements, determines a destination for new call signaling, and
generates new call information elements to the signaling interface.
An asynchronous transfer mode matrix receives the new call
signaling from the signaling interface and transmits the new call
signaling using an asynchronous transfer mode connection.
[0012] Also, the present invention is directed to a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode matrix adapted
to receive the call signaling over an asynchronous transfer mode
connection and to transmit the call signaling. A call processor is
adapted to receive the call signaling from the asynchronous
transfer mode matrix, to process the call signaling to determine
new call signaling and a destination for new call signaling, and to
generate new call signaling. A signaling interface is adapted to
receive the new call signaling from the call processor, to process
the new call information elements to determine new call signaling,
and to transmit the new call signaling.
[0013] Still further, the present invention is directed to a system
for connecting a call having call signaling and user
communications. The system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode
matrix that is adapted to receive the call signaling over an
asynchronous transfer mode connection and to transmit the call
signaling. A signaling interface is adapted to receive the call
signaling from the asynchronous transfer mode matrix, to process
the call signaling to determine call information elements, and to
transmit the call information elements. A call processor is adapted
to receive the call information elements from the signaling
interface, to process the call information elements to determine
new call signaling and a destination for new call signaling, and to
generate new call signaling as new call information elements.
[0014] Further yet, the present invention is directed to a system
for connecting a call having call signaling and user
communications: The system comprises an asynchronous transfer mode
matrix that is adapted to receive the call signaling over an
asynchronous transfer mode connection and to transmit the call
signaling. A call processor is adapted to receive the call
signaling from the asynchronous transfer mode matrix, to process
the call signaling to determine a destination for new call
signaling, and to generate new call information elements for the
new call signaling. A signaling interface is adapted to receive and
process the new information elements to new call signaling and to
transmit the new call signaling. A signaling point is connected to
the signaling interface by at least one of a backplane, a bus
structure, and a single computer and is adapted to receive the new
call signaling from the signaling interface and to transmit the new
call signaling to the destination.
[0015] The present invention also is directed to a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises a signaling interface that is adapted to
receive and process the call signaling to determine call
information elements and to transmit the call information elements.
A signaling point is connected to the signaling interface in a
single computer architecture and is adapted to receive the call
signaling from a communication device and to transmit the call
signaling to the signaling interface. A call processor is adapted
to receive the call information elements from the signaling
interface, to process the call information elements to determine
new call information elements, to determine a destination for new
call signaling, and to generate new call information elements. An
asynchronous transfer mode matrix is adapted to receive the new
call information elements from the call processor and to connect
the new call information elements using an asynchronous transfer
mode connection for the destination.
[0016] Moreover, the present invention is directed to a system for
connecting a call having call signaling and user communications.
The system comprises a call processor that is adapted to receive
the call signaling and to process the call signaling to determine a
destination for new call signaling, and to generate new call
information elements for the new call signaling. The system further
comprises a signaling interface that is adapted to receive the new
information elements from the call processor, to process the new
information elements to new call signaling, and to transmit the new
call signaling. The system includes a signaling point that is
connected to the signaling interface by at least one of a
backplane, a bus structure, and a single computer arid that is
adapted to receive the new call signaling from the signaling
interface and to transmit the new call signaling to the destination
selected by the call processor.
[0017] In addition, the present invention is directed to a system
for connecting a call having call signaling and user
communications. The system comprises a signaling interface that is
adapted to receive and process the call signaling to determine call
information elements and to transmit the call information elements.
A signaling point is connected to the signaling interface by at
least one of a backplane, a bus structure, and a single computer
and is adapted to receive the call signaling from a communication
device and to transmit the call signaling to the signaling
interface. A call processor is adapted to receive the call
information elements from the signaling interface, to process the
call information elements to determine new call information
elements, to determine a destination for new call signaling, and to
generate new call information elements for the new call signaling
for the destination.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a signaling system in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a signaling system in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a call processing and signaling
system in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of a controllable
asynchronous transfer mode matrix in accordance with the present
invention.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a functional diagram of a controllable
asynchronous transfer mode matrix with time division multiplex
capability in accordance with the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of an asynchronous transfer
mode interworking unit for use with a synchronous optical network
system in accordance with the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of an asynchronous transfer
mode interworking unit for use with a synchronous digital hierarchy
system in accordance with the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a signaling processor
constructed in accordance with the present system.
[0026] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a data structure having tables
that are used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0027] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of additional tables that are
used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0028] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of additional tables that are
used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0029] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of additional tables that are
used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0030] FIG. 13 is a table diagram Of a time division multiplex
trunk circuit table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0031] FIG. 14 is a table diagram of an asynchronous transfer mode
trunk circuit table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0032] FIG. 15A is a table diagram of a trunk group table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0033] FIG. 15B is a continuation table diagram of the trunk group
table of FIG. 15A.
[0034] FIG. 15C is a continuation table diagram of the trunk group
table of FIG. 15B.
[0035] FIG. 16 is a table diagram of a carrier table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0036] FIG. 17 is a table diagram of an exception table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0037] FIG. 18 is a table diagram of an originating line
information table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0038] FIG. 19 is a table diagram of an automated number
identification table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0039] FIG. 20 is a table diagram of a called number screening
table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0040] FIG. 21 is a table diagram of a called number table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0041] FIG. 22 is a table diagram of a day of year table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0042] FIG. 23 is a table diagram of a day of week table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0043] FIG. 24 is a table diagram of a time of day table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0044] FIG. 25 is a table diagram of a time Zone table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0045] FIG. 26 is a table diagram of a routing table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0046] FIG. 27 is a table diagram of a trunk group class of service
table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0047] FIG. 28 is a table diagram of a treatment table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0048] FIG. 29 is a table diagram of an outgoing release table used
in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0049] FIG. 30 is a table diagram of a percent control table used
in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0050] FIG. 31 is a table diagram of a call rate table used in the
signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0051] FIG. 32 is a table diagram of a database services table used
in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0052] FIG. 33A is a table diagram of a signaling connection
control part table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0053] FIG. 33B is a continuation table diagram of the signaling
connection control part table of FIG. 33A.
[0054] FIG. 33C is a continuation table diagram of the signaling
connection control part table of FIG. 33B.
[0055] FIG. 33D is a continuation table diagram of the signaling
connection control part table of FIG. 33C.
[0056] FIG. 34 is a table diagram of an intermediate signaling
network identification table used in the signaling processor of
FIG. 8.
[0057] FIG. 35 is a table diagram of a transaction capabilities
application part table used in the signaling processor of FIG.
8.
[0058] FIG. 36 is a table diagram of a external echo canceller
table used in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0059] FIG. 37 is a table diagram of an interworking unit used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0060] FIG. 38 is a table diagram of a controllable asynchronous
transfer mode matrix interface table used in the signaling
processor of FIG. 8.
[0061] FIG. 39 is a table diagram of a controllable asynchronous
transfer mode matrix table used in the signaling processor of FIG.
8.
[0062] FIG. 40A is a table diagram of a site office table used in
the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
[0063] FIG. 40B is a continuation table diagram of the site office
table of FIG. 40A.
[0064] FIG. 40C is a continuation table diagram of the site office
table of FIG. 40B.
[0065] FIG. 40D is a continuation table diagram of the site office
table of FIG. 40C.
[0066] FIG. 41A is a table diagram of an advanced intelligent
network event parameters table used in the signaling processor of
FIG. 8.
[0067] FIG. 41B is a continuation table diagram of the advanced
intelligent network event parameters table of FIG. 41A.
[0068] FIG. 42 is a table diagram of a message mapping table used
in the signaling processor of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] Telecommunication systems have a number of communication
devices in local exchange and interexchange environments that
interact to provide call services to customers. Both traditional
and intelligent network (IN) services and resources are used to
process, route, or connect a call to a designated connection.
[0070] Typically, these telecommunication systems have a series of
signaling transfer points (STPs) to route call signaling through
the telecommunication system over 56 kilo-bit (KB) access links.
For example, a local exchange carrier (LEC) that is connecting a
call through an interexchange carrier (IXC) will transfer call
signaling to the LEC STP. The LEC STP then transfers the call
signaling to the IXC STP.
[0071] The IXC may have multiple nodes. If a first IXC node is to
receive the call connection, that IXC node processes the call
signaling and transmits signaling back to the LEC via the IXC STP
and the LEC STP. However if a second IXC node is to receive the
call connection, the IXC STP processes the call signaling and
transfers the call signaling to another IXC STP for processing.
[0072] In the same manner, if one IXC node is connecting a call
through another IXC node, the first IXC node must generate call
signaling to the first IXC STP which is outside of the immediate
IXC network. This signaling is transmitted to the second IXC STP
which is outside the immediate second IXC node network. The call
signaling then is transmitted to the second IXC node for
processing. Since the STPs are outside of the immediate IXC
networks, generation and transmission of the call signaling out of
the IXC network to the STPs and back into the other IXC network is
time consuming.
[0073] The present invention incorporates the STP functionality
with the network call signaling generation and signaling processing
components. This improves efficiency since call signaling can be
transmitted directly to other network devices. The present system
can transfer call signaling over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
connections for increased bandwidth. The ATM connections can use
synchronous optical network (SONET) or synchronous digital
hierarchy (SDH) formatted connections. Also, the present system can
use transmission standards that are more efficient and/or
proprietary standards. The present system can be used in, with, and
between private networks, LEC networks, IXC networks, and other
communication networks for connecting calls by receiving,
processing, and transmitting call signaling.
[0074] A call has user communications and call signaling. The user
communications contain the caller's information, such as a voice
communication or data communication, and they are transported over
a connection. Call signaling contains information that facilitates
call processing, and it is communicated over a link. Call
signaling, for example, contains information describing the called
number and the calling number. Examples of call signaling are
standardized signaling, such as signaling system #7 (SS7), C7,
integrated services digital network (ISDN), and digital private
network signaling system (DPNSS), which are based on 1TU
recommendation Q.931. A call can be connected to and from
communication devices.
[0075] Connections are used to transport user communications and
other device information between communication devices and between
the elements and devices of the system. The term "connection" as
used wherein means the transmission media used to cant user
communications between elements of the various telecommunications
networks and systems. For example, a connection could carry a
user's voice, computer data, or other communication device data. A
connection can be associated with either in-band communications or
out-of-band communications.
[0076] Links are used to transport call signaling and control
messages. The term "link" as used herein means a transmission media
used to carry call signaling and control messages. For example, a
link would carry call signaling or a device control message
containing device instructions and data. A link can carry, for
example, out-of-band signaling such as that used in SS7, C7, ISDN,
DPNSS, B-ISDN, GR-303, or could be via local area network (LAN), or
data bus call signaling. A link can be, for example, an (ATM
adaptation layer 5) AAL5 data link, UDP/IP, ethernet, DS0, or DS1.
In addition, a link, as shown in the figures, can represent a
single physical link or multiple links, such as one link or a
combination of links of ISDN, SS7, TCP/IP, or some other data link.
The term "control message" as used herein means a control or
signaling message, a control or signaling instruction, or a control
or signaling signal, whether proprietary or standardized, that
Conveys information from one point to another.
[0077] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the signaling
system 102 of the present invention. The signaling system 102
comprises a signal processing system 104 that has a signaling point
106 and a Signaling processor 108 linked by a link 110. The
signaling system 102 also has a controllable ATM matrix 112 that is
linked to the call processor through a link 114. Access links 116
and 118 link the signaling point 106 to communication devices (not
shown). An ATM connection 120 carries signaling, and in other
embodiments user communications, to and from the ATM matrix
112.
[0078] In general, the signal process system 104 receives call
signaling, processes call signaling, generates call signaling, and
transmits call signaling. After processing the call signaling, the
signal process system 104 may connect calls to communication
devices, such as a destination communication device or resources,
or complete further call processing.
[0079] The signaling point 106 is the part of the signal process
system 104 that receives the call signaling from other
communication devices and transmits the call signaling to other
communication devices based on the origination point code (OPC),
the destination point code (DPC), and the circuit identification
code (CIC). The signaling point 106 receives and transmits
transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) messages that are
received from, or transmitted to, communication devices outside of
the signaling system 102.
[0080] Also, the signaling point 106 is a point code converter that
has its own point codes from network to network. The signaling
point 106 performs global title translations (GTT) by converting
dialed numbers to a GTT number. The GTT number is a code that
identifies destinations for communication devices. A GTT is an
address such as for customer-dialed digits that does not explicitly
contain information that would allow routing in the SS7 signaling
network, that is, the signaling connection control part (SCCP)
translation function is required.
[0081] The signaling processor 108 is a signaling platform that can
receive, process, and generate call signaling. Based on the
processed call signaling, the signaling processor 108 selects
processing options, services, or resources for the user
communications and generates and transmits control messages that
identify the communication device, processing option, service, or
resource that is to be used. The signaling processor 108 also
selects virtual connections and circuit-based connections for call
routing and generates and transports control messages that identify
the selected connections. The signaling processor 108 can process
various forms of signaling, including ISDN, GR-303, B-ISDN, SS7,
and C7. A preferred signaling processor is discussed below.
[0082] The ATM matrix 112 is a controllable ATM matrix that
establishes connections in response to control messages received
from the signaling processor 108. The ATM matrix 112 is able to
interwork between ATM connections and time division multiplex (TDM)
connections. The ATM matrix 112 also cross connects ATM connections
with other ATM connections. In addition, the ATM matrix 112 can
switch calls from TDM connections to other TDM connections. The ATM
matrix 112 transmits and receives call signaling and user
communications over the connections. Typically, the ATM matrix 112
transmits call signaling that is received from the signaling
processor 108.
[0083] The call signaling can be converted to any required form so
that it can be transmitted or received either over the access links
116 and 118 or over the connection 120. In a first preferred
method, call signaling is converted between SS7 and broadband
integrated services user part (BISUP) for constant bit rate (CBR).
In a second preferred method, call signaling is converted between
SS7 and Private Network-Network Interface (PNN1) for CBR.
[0084] The selection by the signaling processor 108 of the
connections over which the call signaling is transported can occur
by any required method. For example, the selection can be made
based on traffic management techniques using congestion control,
availability, or sequential order. A preferred standard technique
for call signaling transmissions over ATM is based on the ATM Forum
Standard for VP0/VC15 the disclosure of which is fully incorporated
by reference herein.
[0085] Because the call signaling can be communicated between the
signaling processor 108 and the ATM matrix 112, and subsequently to
other networks through ATM connections, the signaling system 102
can use any standard or proprietary format. Moreover, call
signaling can be transmitted between networks without having to go
through STPs. The call signaling can be transferred from a first
signaling processor, through a first ATM matrix to a second ATM
matrix, and then to a second signaling processor. Thus, the present
system has a greater speed and efficiency than prior systems.
Moreover, this provides system independence, allowing signaling
systems to be set up and interconnected in a manner to have an
overlay signaling network.
[0086] An example of the operation of the signaling system 102 of
FIG. 1 is as follows. The signaling point 106 receives call
signaling over the access link 116 from a communication device (not
shown), such as a LEC switch. The signaling point 106 determines
that the signaling processor 108 is to receive the call signaling
and transfers the call signaling thereto.
[0087] The signaling processor 108 processes the call signaling and
determines that the call signaling is to be routed to a
communication device that is within a communication network. Such a
communication network may be similar to the signaling system 102
and have a signaling processor similar to the signaling processor
108.
[0088] The signaling processor 108 selects a connection, such as
the connection 120, over which the call signaling will be
transmitted. In this example, the connection 120 is an ATM virtual
path/virtual connection (VP/VC). The signaling processor 108
transmits to the ATM matrix 112 the call signaling and a control
message identifying the selected connection 120.
[0089] The ATM matrix 112 received the call signaling and the
control message. The ATM matrix 112 transmits the call signaling on
the designated connection 120.
[0090] In a first embodiment, the call signaling is sent in the ATM
format from the signaling processor 108 to the ATM matrix 112 so
that the ATM matrix cross connects the call signaling from the link
114 to the designated connection 120. In another embodiment, the
ATM matrix 112 receives the call signaling from the signaling
processor 108 in a format that requires conversion to the ATM
format. In such a case, the ATM matrix 112 converts the call
signaling to the ATM format prior to transmitting it on the
designated connection 120. Preferably, the signaling processor 108
places the call signaling in the ATM format for AAL5.
[0091] Still referring to FIG. 1, in another example, call
signaling is received at the ATM matrix 112. The ATM matrix 112
transmits the call signaling to the signaling processor 108 for
processing. The signaling processor 108 processes the call
signaling and determines that the call signaling is to be
transmitted to a communication device (not shown), such as a LEC,
through an access link, such as access link 118.
[0092] The signaling processor 108 transmits the call signaling to
the signaling point 106. The signaling point 106 identifies the
information in the call signaling that allows the STP to route the
call signaling to the communication device and routes the call
signaling accordingly.
[0093] Either the signaling processor 108 or the signaling point
106 can place the call signaling in the appropriate format before
the call signaling is transmitted from the signaling point 106. For
example, if the signaling system 102 is in an SS7 communication
network, the call signaling must be placed in the SS7 format before
being transmitted from the signaling point 106. Preferably, the
signaling processor 108 places the call signaling in the required
format, such as the SS7 format, before the call signaling is
transmitted to the STP 108.
[0094] In another example, call signaling is received at the ATM
matrix 112. The ATM matrix 112 transmits the call signaling to the
signaling processor 108 for processing. The signaling processor 108
processes the call signaling and determines that the call signaling
is to be transmitted to a communication device (not shown) over an
ATM connection.
[0095] The signaling processor 108 selects a connection, such as
the connection 120, over which the call signaling will be
transmitted. In this example, the connection 120 is an ATM VP/VC.
The signaling processor 108 transmits to the ATM matrix 112 the
call signaling and a control message identifying the selected
connection 120.
[0096] In another example, the signaling point 106 receives call
signaling and determines that the call signaling is not to be
transferred to the signaling processor 108. Rather the call
signaling is to be routed to another communication device (not
shown), such as a LEC. In that case, the signaling point 106 routes
the call signaling accordingly.
[0097] Those skilled in the art are aware that large networks have
many more components than those that are shown in FIG. 1. For
example, there typically may be a multitude of switches and
communication devices connected through the signaling point 106 or
through the ATM matrix 112. The number of components shown on FIG.
1 has been restricted for clarity. The invention is fully
applicable to a large network or a small network.
[0098] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a signaling
processor 108A for use in a signaling system 102A with the
signaling point 106 and the ATM matrix 112. The signaling processor
108A comprises a signaling interface 202, a call processor 204, and
a call process control system (CPCS) 206.
[0099] The call processor 204 is linked to the ATM matrix 112
through a link 208 over which control messages and call signaling
are passed and to the signaling interface 202 by a link 210 over
which call signaling is passed. The signaling interface 202 is
linked to the signaling point 106 by a link 212 over which call
signaling is passed and to the ATM matrix 112 by a link 214 over
which call signaling is passed. The CPCS 206 has links 216, 218;
220, and 222 to the call processor 204, the signaling interface
202, the signaling point 106, and the ATM matrix 112, respectively,
over which administrative information and control messages are
passed.
[0100] The signaling interface 202 receives, processes, and
transmits call signaling. The signaling interface 202 can obtain
information from, and transmit information to, a communication
device via the STP 202 or the ATM matrix 112. Such information may
be transferred, for example, as a TCAP message in queries or
responses, for example through the signaling point 106, or as other
SS7 messages, for example through the ATM matrix 112. The signaling
interface 202 also passes information to the call processor 204 for
processing and passes information from the call processor to other
communication devices (not shown).
[0101] The call processor 204 is a signaling platform that can
receive and process call signaling. The call processor 204 has data
tables which have call connection data and which are sued to
process the call signaling. Based on the processed call signaling,
the call processor 204 determines destinations for outgoing call
signaling and selects processing options, services, or resources
for the user communications. The call processor 204 generates and
transmits control messages that identify the communication device,
processing option, service, or resource that is to receive call
signaling or that is be used for call connections or further call
processing. The call processor 204 also selects virtual connections
and circuit-based connections for routing of call signaling and
connections for user communications and generates and transports
control messages that identify the selected connections.
[0102] The CPCS 206 is a management and administration system. The
CPCS 206 is the user interface and external systems interface into
the call processor 204. The CPCS 206 services as a collection point
for call-associated data such as translations having call routing
data, logs, operational measurement data, alarms, statistical
information, accounting information, and other call data. The CPCS
206 accepts data, such as the translations, from operations systems
and updates the data in the tables in the call processor 204. The
CPCS 206 also provides configuration data to the elements of the
signaling system 102A including to the signaling point 106, the ATM
matrix 112, the signaling interface 202, the call processor 204,
and any interworking units (not shown). In additional, the CPCS 206
provides for remote control of call monitoring and call tapping
applications from the call processor 204. The CPCS 206 may be a
local CPCS that services only components of a local signaling
system or a regional CPCS that services components of multiple
signaling systems. It will be appreciated that a signaling system
Without a CPCS, but with a signaling interface and a call
processor, will operate satisfactorily for the purposes of this
invention.
[0103] Any combination of one or more of the components of the
signaling point 106, the signaling interface 202, and the call
processor 204 may be in a single computer architecture, such as
with the same backplane or bus structure or located in the same
computer. This allows communications between the components to
occur at a faster rate and in a more efficient manner. The
components may be configured to transfer information, messages, or
communications with and between the other components in any format,
standard, or method. For example, the signaling point 106 and the
signaling interface 202 can communicate call signaling between them
without the information in the call signaling being placed in a
TCAP message or other standard SS7 message. Thus, the transfer of
information can occur at a higher rate between the components, and
any of the components can place the information in a form that is
standard to elements that are not in the signaling system 102A. For
example, the signaling point 106 can format information in a TCAP
or other SS7 message when required.
[0104] However, it will be appreciated that one or more of the
components of the signaling point 106, the signaling interface 202,
and the call processor 204 also may be in a different computer
architectures. In addition, for example, communications may occur
between the components in standard formats. For example, the
signaling point 106 and the signaling interface 202 can communicate
call signaling between them With the information in the call
signaling being placed in a TCAP message or other standard SS7
message.
[0105] The operation of the signaling system 102A of FIG. 2 will be
described below with reference to a call connection with user
communications. This will provide a more complete description of
the operation of the signaling system 102A when used with user
communication connection devices. It will be appreciated that the
whole of the call connection system with the call signaling system
components and user communication devices, i.e. the interworking
unit, for a total call connection is an aspect of the present
invention.
[0106] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling system 102B for call
connection. In addition to the devices of FIG. 2, the system of
FIG. 3 comprises an interworking unit 302 connected to the ATM
matrix 112 by a connection 304 and linked to the call processor 204
and the CPCS 206. A service control point (SCP) 306 is linked to
the signaling point 106. A first communication device 308 and a
second communication device 310 are connected to the system through
connections 312 and 314, respectively, and links. An optional ATM
connection 316 may exist between the ATM matrix 112 and the first
communication device 308. For clarity, the links and the other
connections in FIG. 3 are not identified with reference
numerals.
[0107] The interworking unit 302 interworks traffic between various
protocols. Preferably, the interworking unit 302 interworks between
ATM traffic and non-ATM traffic. The interworking unit 302 operates
in accordance with control messages received from the call
processor 204. These control messages typically are provided on a
call-by-call basis and typically identify an assignment between a
DS0 and a VP/VC for which user communications are interworked. In
some instances, the interworking unit 302 may transport control
messages which may include data to the call processor 204.
[0108] The SCP 306 contains information about the system and how to
route calls through the system. The SCP 306 is queried from other
communications devices, such as the call processor 204 via the
signaling interface 202 and the STP 106 to determine how to route
calls with advanced routing features such as N00 or routing
menu.
[0109] The communication devices 308 and 310 comprise customer
premises equipment. (CPE), a service platform, a switch, a remote
digital terminal, a cross connect, an interworking unit, an
ATI.about.I gateway, or any other device capable of initiating,
handling, or terminating a call. CPE can be, for example, a
telephone, a computer, a facsimile machine, or a private branch
exchange. A service platform can be, for example, any enhanced
computer platform that is capable of processing calls. A remote
digital terminal is a device that concentrates analog twisted pairs
from telephones and other like devices and converts the analog
signals to a digital format known as GR-303. An ATM gateway is a
device that changes ATM cell header VP/VC identifiers. The
communication devices 308 and 310 may be TDM based or ATM based. In
the system of FIG. 3, preferably the first communication device 308
is TDM based, and the second communication device 310 is ATM
based.
[0110] In operation, the signaling system 102B can transfer
signaling using several different methods. In a first preferable
method, the call processor 204 transmits call signaling message
parameters to the ATM matrix 112 or to the signaling interface 202,
depending on whether the call signaling is being transmitted via an
ATM network or via the signaling point 106 to an SS7 network. In a
second preferable method, the call processor 204 transmits all
message parameters to the signaling interface 202 regardless of
whether the call signaling is being transmitted via an ATM network
or via the signaling point 106 to an SS7 network.
[0111] In the first method, when the call processor 204 determines
that the call signaling is to be transmitted from the ATM matrix
112, the call signaling message parameters are transmitted directly
to the ATM matrix from the call processor. This has the benefit of
increased speed and time savings since the message parameters need
not be transmitted to the signaling interface 202 and need not be
formatted as message signal units (MSUs). Either the call processor
204 or the ATM matrix 112 can place the message parameters in the
ATM format. Preferably, the call processor 204 places the message
parameters in the AAL5 ATM format. With this configuration, a link
is not required between the signaling interface 202 and the ATM
matrix 112.
[0112] Preferably, the ATM matrix 112 connects all call signaling
received from the call processor 204 to a particular VP/VC, such as
VP0/VC15. Alternately, the call processor 204 can transmit a
control message to the ATM matrix 112 identifying the VP/VC on
which the call signaling is to be transported.
[0113] For this method, the signaling system 102B can be configured
so that the call signaling that is received at the ATM matrix 112
is on a particular VP/VC, such as VP0/VC15. In such a case, all
traffic that is received on the specific VP/VC is transmitted to
the call processor 204.
[0114] When the call processor 204 determines that call signaling
is to be transmitted from the signaling point 106, the call
processor transmits the message parameters for me call signaling to
the signaling interface 202. The signaling interface 202 assembles
the call signaling and transmits it to the signaling point 106. The
signaling point 106 reads the information in the call signaling and
transmits the call signaling to the required communication
device.
[0115] In a second method, all message parameters are transmitted
to the signaling interface 202. The signaling interface 202
performs a table lookup operation on the information in the call
signaling. For example, the signaling interface 202 can review the
OPC, DPC, and CIC. Based on these, or other, factors, the signaling
interface 202 can determine whether the call signaling is to be
transmitted from the signaling point 106 or from the ATM matrix 112
and routes the call signaling accordingly. The signaling interface
202 can be configured to perform the table lookup either before or
after assembling the call signaling into an MSU. If the call
signaling is to be transmitted to the ATM matrix 112, either the
signaling interface 202 or the ATM matrix can place the call
signaling in the ATM format. It is preferred that the signaling
interface 202 places the call signaling in the ATM format.
[0116] For this method, the signaling system 102B can be configured
so that all call signaling that is received at the ATM matrix 112
is on a specific VP/VC, such as VP0/VC15. In such a case, all
traffic that is received on the specific VPNC is transmitted to the
signaling interface 202.
[0117] In a third method, all message parameters are transmitted to
the signaling interface 202. The signaling interface 202 then
assembles the call signaling. However, the call processor 204
determines how the call signaling is to be transmitted and
transmits a control message to the signaling interface 202
designating whether the call signaling is to be transmitted from
the signaling point 106 or from the ATM matrix 112. The signaling
interface then routes the call signaling accordingly. If the call
signaling is to be transmitted to the ATM matrix 112, either the
signaling interface 202 or the ATM matrix can place the call
signaling in the ATM format. It is preferred that the signaling
interface 202 places the call signaling in the ATM format.
[0118] For this method, the signaling system 102B can be configured
so that all call signaling that is received at the ATM matrix 112
is on a specific VPNC, such as VP0/VC15. In such a case, all
traffic that is received on the specific VP/VC is transmitted to
the signaling interface 202.
[0119] In an example of the operation of the signaling system 102B,
the first communication device 308 transports user communications
to the interworking unit 302 and transmits call signaling to the
signaling point 106 over the access link. The signaling point 106
receives the call signaling, determines that the call processor 204
is to receive the call signaling, and transfers the call signaling
to the signaling interface 202.
[0120] The signaling interface 202 processes the call signaling and
converts it to call information elements, such as message
parameters, that can be processed by the call processor 204. A call
information element may be, for example, an integrated services
user part initial address message (ISUP IAM) message parameter from
an MSU or other message parameters. The signaling interface 202
passes the message parameters to the call processor 204.
[0121] The call processor 204 processes the call signaling message
parameters and determines that the call is to be connected to the
second communication device 310. In this example, the second
communication device is an ATM device. The call processor 204
selects a connection, such as a VP/VC on the connection 314, over
which the user communications will be transmitted between the ATM
matrix 112 and the second communication device 310 and a
connection, such as a VP/VC on the connection 304, over which the
user communications will be transmitted between the interworking
unit 302 and the ATM matrix. In this example, the signaling system
102B is configured so that all call signaling that is transmitted
from the ATM matrix 112 is transported on VP0/VC15.
[0122] The call processor 204 transmits a control message to each
of the interworking unit 302 and the ATM matrix 112 identifying the
selected connections to connect the user communications. In
addition, the call processor 204 transmits the call signaling
message parameters in the ATM format to the ATM matrix 112. The
message parameters may be new and/or modified parameters based on
the connections and destinations required to connect the call.
[0123] The interworking unit 302 receives the user communications
from the first communication device 308 and the control message
from the call processor 202. In response to the control message,
the interworking unit 302 interworks the user communications to the
designated connection 304.
[0124] The ATM matrix 112 receives the user communications from the
interworking unit 302 over the connection 304. Also, the ATM matrix
112 receives from the call processor 204 the message parameters and
the control message which identifies the VP/VC on the connection
314. The ATM matrix 112 connects the user communications to the
designated VP/VC and connects the call signaling message parameters
to VP0/VC15. The call signaling message parameters and the user
communications are received by the second communication device 310
over the designated VP/VC on the connection 314.
[0125] Still referring to FIG. 3, in another example, call
signaling is received at the ATM matrix 112 over a designated
VP/VC. The ATM matrix 112 transmits the call signaling to the
signaling interface 202 for processing. The signaling interface 202
processes the call signaling and transmits the message parameters
to the call processor 204.
[0126] The call processor 204 processes the call signaling message
parameters and determines that the call is to be connected to the
first communication device 310. In this example, the first
communication device 308 is a TDM device. The call processor 204
selects a connection, such as a VP/VC on the connection 304, over
which the user communications will be transmitted from the ATM
matrix 112 and to the interworking unit 302 and a connection, such
as a DS0 on the connection 312, over which the user communications
will be transmitted between the interworking unit 302 and the first
communication device 308.
[0127] The call processor 204 transmits a control message to each
of the interworking unit 302 and the ATM matrix 112 identifying the
selected connections. In addition, the call processor 204 transmits
the call signaling message parameters to the signaling interface
202.
[0128] The signaling interface 202 performs a table lookup on the
message parameters and determines that the call signaling is to be
transmitted from the signaling point 106. The signaling interface
202 then assembles the call signaling and transmits the call
signaling to the signaling point 106. The signaling point 106
identifies the information in the call signaling that allows the
STP to route the call signaling to the first communication device
308 and routes the call signaling accordingly.
[0129] The ATM matrix 112 receives the control message from the
call processor 204 and the user communications from the second
communication device 310. In response to the control message, the
ATM matrix 112 connects the user communications to the designated
connection 304.
[0130] The interworking unit 302 receives the control message from
the call processor 204 and the user communications from the ATM
matrix 112. In response to the control message, the interworking
unit 302 interworks the user communications with the designated
connection 312.
[0131] In another example, call signaling is received at the ATM
matrix 112 on a VP/VC that is designated for carrying call
signaling. The ATM matrix 112 transmits the Call signaling to the
call processor 204 for processing. The call processor 204 processes
the call signaling and determines that the call signaling is to be
transmitted to the second communication device 310 over an ATM
connection, such as a VP/VC that is designated for carrying call
signaling. In addition, the call processor 204 determines a VP/VC
over which the user communications are to be connected. In this
example, the second communication device 310 may be an ATM cross
connect.
[0132] The call processor 204 transmits the message parameters to
the ATM matrix 112 and a control message that designates the VP/VC
over which the user communications are to be connected. The ATM
matrix 112 receives the message parameters and connects them to the
designated VP/VC. Also, the ATM matrix 112 receives the control
message and the user communications. In response to the control
message, the ATM matrix 112 connects the user communications with
the VP/VC identified in the control message.
[0133] In another example, call signaling is received at the ATM
matrix 112 on a VP/VC that is designated for carrying call
signaling. The ATM matrix 112 transmits the call signaling to the
call processor 204 for processing. The call processor 204 processes
the call signaling and determines that the call signaling is to be
transmitted to the first communication device 308 over an ATM
connection, such as VP0/VC15 on the connection 316. In addition,
the call processor 204 determines a VP/VC on the connection 304
over which the user communications are to be connected between the
ATM matrix 112 and the interworking unit 302 and a connection 312
over which the user communications are to be connected between the
interworking unit and the first communication device 308.
[0134] The call processor 204 transmits the message parameters to
the ATM matrix 112, a control message to the ATM matrix that
designates the VP/VC over which the user communications are to be
connected, and a control message to the interworking unit 302
identifying the connection 312 with which the user communications
are to be interworked. The ATM matrix 112 receives the message
parameters and connects them to the designated VP0/VC15 on the
connection 316. Also, the ATM matrix 112 receives the control
message and the user communications. In response to the control
message, the ATM matrix 112 connects the user communications with
the VP/VC on the connection 304 identified in the control
message.
[0135] The first communication device 308 receives the user
communication over the connection 312 and the call signaling over
the VP/VC on the connection 316. In the present example, the first
communication device 308 may be a LEC that receives TDM formatted
user communications. Also, in the present example, the first
communication device 308 may be a LEC that has an ATM card such
that it can accept call signaling in an ATM format and convert the
call signaling to any required format, such as SS7.
[0136] In another example, the signaling point 106 receives call
signaling and determines that the call signaling is not to be
transferred to the call processor 204 via the signaling interface
202. Rather the call signaling is to be routed to another
communication device (not shown), such as a LEC. In that case, the
signaling point 106 routes the call signaling accordingly.
[0137] In any of the above examples, the call processor 204 may
determine that more information regarding the call is required.
Thus, the call processor 204 may perform a dip to the SCP 306. In
such a case, a TCAP query is initiated from the call processor 204
to the signaling interface 202 and transmitted to the signaling
point 106. The signaling point 106 transmits the query to the SCP
306. The response then is transmitted from the SCP 304 to the
signaling point 106. The signaling point 106 passes the call
signaling to the signaling interface 202 which transits the call
signaling message parameters to the call processor 204.
[0138] It will be appreciated that any of the methods and
components described in the above examples and systems may be
combined in different ways to meet requirements of specific
systems. Thus, for example, user communications and call signaling
may be connected and/or transmitted in directions opposite of those
described above for call connections that occur in directions
opposite of those described above. A/so by way of example only,
call signaling can be connected on a VP/VC on the connection 316
which is selected by the call processor 204 and for which the call
processor directs a control message to the ATM matrix 112. Also by
way of example only, all call signaling for a particular system can
be directed to the call processor 204 whether it is to be
transmitted to an ATM network or to an SS7 network so that the call
signaling transmitted to or from the ATM network does not get
processed in the signaling interface 202 directly before or
directly after being transmitted to or from, respectively, the ATM
matrix 112. Alternately, by way of example only, in a particular
system all call signaling can ultimately be processed in the
signaling interface 202 whether it is transmitted to or from an ATM
network or to or from an SS7 network. Other combinations may
occur.
[0139] The Controllable ATM Matrix
[0140] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a controllable
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix (CAM), but other CAMs that
support the requirements of the invention also are applicable. The
CAM 402 may receive and transmit ATM formatted user communications
or call signaling.
[0141] The CAM 402 preferably has a control interface 404, a
controllable ATM matrix 406, an optical carrier-M/synchronous
transport signal-M (OC-M/STS-M) interface 408, and an OC-X/STS-X
interface 410. As used herein in conjunction with OC or STS, "M"
refers to an integer, and "X" refers to an integer.
[0142] The control interface 404 receives control messages
originating from the signaling processor 412, identifies virtual
connection assignments in the control messages, and provides these
assignments to the matrix 406 for implementation. The control
messages may be received over an ATM virtual connection and through
either the OC-M/STS-M interface 408 Or the OC-X/STS-X interface 410
through the matrix 406 to the control interface 404, through either
the OC-M/STS-M interface or the OC-X/STS-X interface directly to
the control interface, or through the control interface from
link.
[0143] The matrix 406 is a controllable ATM matrix that provides
cross connect functionality in response to control messages from
the signaling processor 412. The matrix 406 has access to virtual
path/virtual channels (VP/VCs) over which it can connect calls. For
example, a call can come in over a VP/VC through the OC-M/STS-M
interface 408 and be connected through the matrix 406 over a VP/VC
through the OC-JUSTS-X interface 410 in response to a control
message received by the signaling processor 412 through the control
interface 404. Alternately, a call can be connected in the opposite
direction. In addition, the a call can be received over a VP/VC
through the OC-M/STS-M interface 408 or the OC-X/STS-X interface
410 and be connected through the matrix 406 to a different VP/VC on
the same OC-M/STS-M interface or the same OC-X/STS-X interface.
[0144] The OC-M/STS-M interface 408 is operational to receive ATM
ceils from the matrix 406 and to transmit the ATM cells over a
connection to the communication device 414. The OC-M/STS-M
interface 408 also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format
and transmit them to the matrix 406.
[0145] The OC-X/STS-X interface 410 is operational to receive ATM
cells from the matrix 406 and to transmit the ATM cells over a
connection to the communication device 416. The OC-X/STS-X
interface 410 also may receive ATM ceils in the OC or STS format
and transmit them to the matrix 406.
[0146] Call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the OC-M/STS-M interface 408. Also, call signaling may be received
through and transferred from the OC-X/STS-X interface 410. The call
signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted to the
control interface directly or via the matrix 406.
[0147] The signaling processor 412 is configured to send control
messages to the CAM 402 to implement particular features on
particular VP/VC circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used
to implement particular features for particular VP/VCs.
[0148] FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a CAM
which has time division multiplex (TDM) capability, but other CAMs
that support the requirements of the invention also are applicable.
The CAM 502 may receive and transmit in-band and out-of-band
signaled calls.
[0149] The CAM 502 preferably has a control interface 504, an
OC-N/STS-N interface 506, a digital signal level 3 (DS3) interface
508, a DS1 interface 510, a DS0 interface 512, an ATM adaptation
layer (AAL) 514, a controllable ATM matrix 516, an OC-M/STS-M
interface 518A, an OC-X/STS-X interface 518B, and an ISDN/GR-303
interface 520. As used herein in conjunction with OC or STS, "N"
refers to an integer, "M" refers to an integer, and "X" refers to
an integer.
[0150] The control interface 504 receives control messages
originating from the signaling processor 522, identifies DS0 and
virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and
provides these assignments to the AAL 514 or the matrix 516 for
implementation. The control messages may be received over an ATM
virtual connection and through the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A to the
control interface 504, through the OC-X/STS-X interface 518B and
the matrix 516 to the control interface, or directly through the
control interface from a link.
[0151] The OC-N/STS-N interface 506, the DS3 interface 508, the DS1
interface 510, the DS0 interface 512, and the ISDN/GR-303 interface
520 each can receive user communications from a communication
device 524. Likewise, the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A and the
OC-X/STS-X interface 518B can receive user communications from the
communication devices 526 and 528.
[0152] The OC-N/STS-N interface 506 receives OC-N formatted user
communications and STS-N formatted user communications and converts
the user communications to the DS3 format. The DS3 interface 508
receives user communications in the DS3 format and converts the
user communications to the DS1 format. The DS3 interface 508 can
receive DS3s from the OC-N/STS-N interface 506 or from an external
connection. The DS1 interface 510 receives the user communications
in the DS1 format and converts the user communications to the DS0
format. The DS1 interface 510 receives DS1s from the DS3 interface
508 or from an external connection. The DS0 interface 512 receives
user communications in the DS0 format and provides an interface to
the AAL 514. The ISDN/GR-303 interface 520 receives user
communications in either the ISDN format or the GR-303 format and
converts the user communications to the DS0 format. In addition,
each interface may transmit user communications in like manner to
the communication device 524.
[0153] The OC-M/STS-M interface 518A is operational to receive ATM
cells from the AAL 514 or from the matrix 516 and to transmit the
ATM ceils over a connection to the communication device 526. The
OC-M/STS-M interface 518A also may receive ATM cells in the OC or
STS format and transmit them to the AAL 514 or to the matrix
516.
[0154] The OC-X/STS-X interface 518B is operational to receive ATM
cells from the AAL 514 or from the matrix 516 and to transmit the
ATM cells over a connection to the communication device 528. The
OC-X/STS-X interface 518B also may receive ATM cells in the OC or
STS format and transmit them to the AAL 514 or to the matrix
516.
[0155] Call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the OC-N/STS-N interface 506 and the ISDN/GR-303 interface 520.
Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A and the OC-X/STS-X interface 518B.
The call signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted
to the control interface directly or via an interface as explained
above.
[0156] The AAL 514 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a
segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL 514 obtains the
identity of the DS0 and the ATM VP/VC from the control interface
504. The AAL 514 is operational to convert between the DS0 format
and the ATM format. AALs are known in the art, and information
about AALs is provided by International Telecommunications Union
(ITU) documents in the series of I.363, which are incorporated
herein by reference. For example, ITU document I.363.1 discusses
AAL1. An AAL for voice calls is described in "U.S. Pat. No.
5,806,553 entitled "Cell Processing for Voice Transmission," which
is incorporated herein by reference.
[0157] Calls with multiple 64 Kilo-bits per second (Kbps) DS0s are
known as Nx64 calls. If desired, the AAL 514 can be configured to
accept control messages through the control interface 504 for Nx64
calls. The CAM 502 is able to interwork, multiplex, and demultiplex
for multiple DS0s. A technique for processing VP/TVCs is disclosed
in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/653,852, which was filed on
May 28, 1996, and entitled "Telecommunications System with a
Connection Processing System," and which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0158] DS0 connections are bidirectional and ATM connections are
typically unidirectional. As a result, two virtual connections in
opposing directions typically will be required for each DS0. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate how this can be accomplished in
the context of the invention. For example, the cross-connect can be
provisioned with a second set of VP/VCs in the opposite direction
as the original set of VP/VCs.
[0159] The matrix 516 is a controllable ATM matrix that provides
cross connect functionality in response to control messages from
the signaling processor 522. The matrix 516 has access to VP/VCs
over which it can connect calls. For example, a call can come in
over a VPNC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A and be connected
through the matrix 516 over a VP/VC through the OC-X/STS-X
interface 518B in response to a control message received by the
signaling processor 522 through the control interface 504.
Alternately, the matrix 516 may transmit a call received over a
VPNC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A to the AAL 514 in
response to a control message received by the signaling processor
522 through the control interface 504. Communications also may
occur in opposite directions through the various interfaces.
[0160] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to incorporate
digital signal processing capabilities at, for example, the DS0
level. It also may be desired to apply echo control to selected DS0
circuits. In these embodiments, a signal processor may be included.
The signaling processor 522 is configured to send control messages
to the CAM 502 to implement particular features on particular DS0
or VP/JVC circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used to
implement particular features for particular circuits or
VP/JVCs.
[0161] It will be appreciated from the teachings above for the CAMs
and for the teachings below for the ATM interworking units, that
the above described CAMs can be adapted for modification to
transmit and receive other formatted communications such as
synchronous transport module (STM) and European level (E)
communications. For example, the OC/STS, DS3, DS1, DS0, and
ISDN/GR-303 interfaces can be replaced by STM electrical/optical
(E/O), E3, t.about.1, .about.0, and digital private network
signaling system (DPNSS) interfaces, respectively.
[0162] The ATM Interworking Unit
[0163] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an
interworking unit which is an ATM interworking unit 602 suitable
for the present invention for use with a SONET system. Other
interworking units that support the requirements of the invention
also are applicable. The ATM interworking unit 602 may receive and
transmit in-band and out-of-band Calls.
[0164] The ATM interworking unit 602 preferably has a control
interface 604, an OC-N/STS-N interface 606, a DS3 interface .608, a
DS1 interface 610, a DS0 interface 612, a signal processor 614, an
AAL 616, an OC-M/STS-M interface 618, and an ISDN/GR-303 interface
620. As used herein in conjunction with OC Or STS, "N" refers to an
integer, and "M" refers to an integer.
[0165] The control interface 604 receives control messages
originating from the signaling processor 622, identifies DS0 and
virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and
provides these assignments to the AAL 616 for implementation. The
control messages are received Over an ATM virtual connection and
through the OC-MTSTS-M interface 618 to the control interface 604
or directly through the control interface from a link.
[0166] The OC-N/STS-N interface 606, the DS3 interface 608, the DS1
interface 610, the DS0 interface 612, and the ISDN/GR-303 interface
620 each can receive user communications from a communication
device 624. Likewise, the OC-M/STS-M interface 618 can receive user
communications from a communication device 626.
[0167] The OC-N/STS-N interface 606 receives OC-N formatted user
communications and STS-N formatted user communications and
demultiplexes the user communications to the DS3 format. The DS3
interface 608 receives user communications in the DS3 format and
demultiplexes the user communications to the DS1 format. The DS3
interface 608 can receive DS3 s from the OC-N/STS-N interface 606
or from an external connection. The DS1 interface 610 receives the
user communications in the DS1 format and demultiplexes the user
communications to the DS0 format. The DS1 interface 610 receives
DS1s from the DS3 interface 608 or from an external connection. The
DS0 interface 612 receives user communications in the DS0 format
and provides an interface to the AAL 616. The ISDN/GR-303 interface
620 receives user communications in either the ISDN format or the
GR-303 format and converts the user communications to the DS0
format. In addition, each interface may transmit user
communications in like manner to the communication device 624.
[0168] The OC-M/STS-M interface 618 is operational to receive ATM
cells from the AAL 616 and to transmit the ATM cells over the
connection to the communication device 626. The OC-M/STS-M
interface 618 also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format
and transmit them to the AAL 616.
[0169] Call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the OC-N/STS-N interface 606 and the ISDN/GR-303 interface 620.
Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the OC-M/STS-M interface 618. The call signaling may be connected
on a connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or
via another interface as explained above.
[0170] The AAL 616 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a
segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL 616 obtains the
identity of the DS0 and the ATM VP/TVC from the control interface
604. The AAL 616 is operational to convert between the DS0 format
and the ATM format.
[0171] If desired, the AAL 616 can be configured to accept control
messages through the control interface 604 for Nx64 calls. The ATM
interworking unit 602 is able to interwork, multiplex, and
demultiplex for multiple DS0s.
[0172] DS0 connections are bi-directional and ATM connections are
typically unidirectional. As a result, two virtual connections in
opposing directions typically will be required for each DS0. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate how this can be accomplished in
the context of the invention. For example, the cross-connect can be
provisioned with a second set of VP/VCs in the opposite direction
as the original set of VP/VCs.
[0173] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to incorporate
digital signal processing capabilities at the DS0 level. It may
also be desired to apply echo control to selected DS0 circuits. In
these embodiments, a signal processor 614 is included either
separately (as shown) or as a part of the DS0 interface 612. The
signaling processor 622 is configured to send control messages to
the ATM interworking unit 602 to implement particular features on
particular DS0 Circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used
to implement particular features for particular circuits or
VP/VCs.
[0174] FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of an
interworking unit which is an ATM interworking unit 702 suitable
for the present invention for use with an SDH system. The ATM
interworking unit 702 preferably has a control interface 704, an
STM-N electrical/optical (E/O) interface 706, an E3 interface 708,
an E1 interface 710, an E0 interface 712, a signal processor 714,
an AAL 716, an STM-M electrical/optical (E/O interface 718, and a
DPNSS interface 720. As used herein in conjunction with STM, "N"
refers to an integer, and "M" refers to an integer.
[0175] The control interface 704 receives control messages from the
signaling processor 722, identifies E0 and virtual connection
assignments in the control messages, and provides these assignments
to the AAL 716 for implementation. The control messages are
received over an ATM virtual connection through the STM-M interface
718 to the control interface 604 or directly through the control
interface from a link.
[0176] The STM-N E/O interface 706, the E3 interface 708, the E1
interface 710, the E0 interface 712, and the DPNSS interface 720
each can receive user communications from a second communication
device 724. Likewise, the STM-M E/OO interface 718 can receive user
communications from a third communication device 726.
[0177] The STM-N E/O interface 706 receives STM-N electrical or
optical formatted user communications and converts the user
communications from the STM-N electrical or STM-N optical format to
the E3 format. The E3 interface 708 receives user communications in
the E3 format and demultiplexes the user communications to the E1
format. The E3 interface 708 can receive E3s from the STM-N E/O
interface 706 or from an external connection. The E1 interface 710
receives the user communications in the E1 format and demultiplexes
the user communications to the E0 format. The E1 interface 710
receives E1s from the STM-N E/O interface 706 or the E3 interface
708 or from an external connection. The E0 interface 712 receives
user communications in the E0 format and provides an interface to
the AAL 716. The DPNSS interface 720 receives user communications
in the DPNSS format and converts the user communications to the E0
format. In addition, each interface may transmit user
communications in a like manner to the communication device
724.
[0178] The STM-M E/O interface 718 is operational to receive ATM
ceils from the AAL 716 and to transmit the ATM cells over the
connection to the communication device 726. The STM-M E/O interface
718 may also receive ATM cells in the STM-M E/O format and transmit
them to the AAL 716.
[0179] Call signaling may be received through and transferred from
the STM-N E/O interface 706 and the DPNSS interface 720. Also, call
signaling may be received through and transferred from the STM-M
E/O interface 718. The call signaling may be connected on a
connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or via
another interface as explained above.
[0180] The AAL 716 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a
segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL obtains the
identity of the E0 and the ATM VP/VC from the control interface
704. The AAL 716 is operational to convert between the E0 format
and the ATM format, either in response to a control instruction or
without a control instruction. AAL's are known in the art. If
desired, the AAL 716 can be configured to receive control messages
through the control interface 704 for Nx64 user communications.
[0181] E0 connections are bidirectional and ATM connections
typically are unidirectional. As a result, two virtual connections
in opposing directions typically will be required for each E0.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate how this can be
accomplished in the context of the invention.
[0182] In some instances, it may be desirable to incorporate
digital signal processing capabilities at the E0 level. Also, it
may be desirable to apply echo control. In these embodiments, a
signal processor 714 is included either separately (as shown) or as
a part of the E0 interface 712. The signaling processor 722 is
configured to send control messages to the ATM interworking unit
702 to implement particular features on particular circuits.
Alternatively, lookup tables may be used to implement particular
features for particular circuits or VP/VCs.
[0183] The Signaling Processor
[0184] The signaling processor receives and processes
telecommunications call signaling, control messages, and customer
data to select connections that establish communication paths for
calls. In the preferred embodiment, the signaling processor
processes SS7 signaling to select connections for a call. An
example of call processing in a call processor and the associated
maintenance that is performed for call processing is described in a
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/026,766 entitled "System and
Method for Treating a Call for Call Processing," which is
incorporated herein by reference.
[0185] In addition to selecting connections, the signaling
processor performs many other functions in the context of call
processing. It not only can control routing and select the actual
connections, but it also can validate Callers, control echo
cancellers, generate accounting information, invoke intelligent
network functions, access remote databases, manage traffic, and
balance network loads. One skilled in the art will appreciate how
the signaling processor described below can be adapted to operate
in the above embodiments.
[0186] FIG. 8 depicts an embodiment of a signaling processor. Other
versions also are contemplated. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the
signaling processor 802 has a signaling interface 804, a call
processing control system 806 (CPCS), and a call processor 808. It
will be appreciated that the signaling processor 802 may be
constructed as modules in a single unit or as multiple units.
[0187] The signaling interface 804 is coupled externally to
signaling systems-preferably to signaling systems having a message
transfer part (MTP), an ISDN user part (ISUP), a signaling
connection control part (SCCP), ah intelligent network application
part (INAP), and a transaction capabilities application part
(TCAP). The signaling interface 804 preferably is a platform that
comprises an MTP level 1 810, an MTP level 2 812, an MTP level 3
814, an SCCP process 816, an ISUP process 818, and a TCAP process
820. The signaling interface 804 also has INAP functionality.
[0188] The signaling interface 804 may be linked to a communication
device (not shown). For example, the communication device may be an
SCP which is queried by the signaling interface with a TCAP query
to obtain additional call-associated data. The answer message may
have additional information parameters that are required to
complete call processing. The communication device also may be an
STP or ether device.
[0189] The signaling interface 804 is operational to transmit,
process, and receive call signaling, The TCAP, SCCP, ISUP, and LNAP
functionality use the services of the MTP to transmit and receive
the messages. Preferably, the signaling interface 804 transmits and
receives SS7 messages for MTP, TCAP, SCCP, and ISUP. Together, this
functionality is referred to as an "SS7 stack," and it is well
known. The software required by one skilled in the art to configure
an SS7 stack is commercially available. One example is the OMNI SS7
stack from Dale, Gesek, McWilliams & Sheridan, Inc. (the
DGM&S company).
[0190] The processes of the signaling interface 804 process
information that is received in message signal units (MSUs) and
convert the information to call information elements that are sent
to the call processor 808 to be processed. A call information
element may be, for example, an ISUP IAM message parameter from the
MSU. The signaling interface 804 strips the unneeded header
information from the MSU to isolate the message information
parameters and passes the parameters to the call processor 808 as
the call information elements. Examples of these parameters are the
called number, the calling number, and user service information.
Other examples of messages with information elements are an ANM, an
ACM, an REL, an RLC, and an INF. In addition, call information
elements are transferred from the call processor 808 back to the
signaling interface 804, and the information elements are
reassembled into MSUs and transferred to a signaling point.
[0191] The CPCS 806 is a management and administration system. The
CPCS 806 is the user interface and external systems interface into
the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 serves as a collection point
for call-associated data such as logs, operational measurement
data, statistical information, accounting information, and other
call data. The CPCS 806 can configure the call-associated data
and/or transmit it to reporting centers.
[0192] The CPCS 806 accepts data, such as the translations, from a
source such as an operations system and updates the data in the
tables in the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 ensures that this
data is in the correct format prior to transferring the data to the
call processor 808. The CPCS 806 also provides configuration data
to other devices including the call processor 808, the signaling
interface 804, the interworking unit (not shown), and the
controllable ATM matrix (not shown). In addition, the CPCS 806
provides for remote control of call monitoring and call tapping
applications from the call processor 808.
[0193] The CPCS 806 also serves as a collection point for alarms.
Alarm information is transferred to the CPCS 806. The CPCS 806 then
transports alarm messages to the required communication device. For
example, the CPCS 806 can transport alarms to an operations
center.
[0194] The CPCS 806 also has a human-machine interface (HM1). This
allows a person to log onto the CPCS 806 and manage data tables or
review data tables in the CPCS or provide maintenance services.
[0195] The call processor 808 processes call signaling and controls
an ATM interworking unit, such as an ATM interworking multiplexer
(mux) that performs interworking of DS0s and VP/VCs, and an ATM
matrix. However, the call processor 808 may control other
communications devices and connections in other embodiments.
[0196] The call processor 808 comprises a control platform 822 and
an application platform 824. Each platform 822 and 824 is coupled
to the other platform.
[0197] The control platform 822 is comprised of various external
interfaces including an interworking unit interface, a controllable
ATM matrix, an echo interface, a resource control interface, a call
information interface, and an operations interface. The Control
platform 822 is externally coupled to an interworking unit control,
a controllable ATM matrix control, an echo control, a resource
control, accounting, and operations. The interworking unit
interface exchanges messages with at least one interworking unit.
These messages comprise DS0 to VP/VC assignments, acknowledgments,
and status information. The controllable ATM matrix interface
exchanges messages with at least one controllable ATM matrix. These
messages comprise DS0 to VP/VC assignments, VP/VC to VPNC
assignments, acknowledgments, and status information. The echo
control interface exchanges messages with echo control systems.
Messages exchanged with echo control systems might include
instructions to enable or disable echo cancellation on particular
DS0s, acknowledgments, and status information.
[0198] The resource control interface exchanges messages with
external resources. Examples of such resources are devices that
implement continuity testing, encryption, compression, tone
detection/transmission, voice detection, and voice messaging. The
messages exchanged with resources are instructions to apply the
resource to particular DS0s, acknowledgments, and status
information. For example, a message may instruct a continuity
testing resource to provide a loopback or to send and detect a tone
for a continuity test.
[0199] The call information interface transfers pertinent call
information to a call information processing system, such as to the
CPCS 806. Typical call information includes accounting information,
such as the parties to the call, time points for the call, and any
special features applied to the call. One skilled in the art will
appreciate how to produce the software for the interfaces in the
control platform 822.
[0200] The application platform 824 processes signaling information
from the signaling interface 804 to select connections. The
identity of the selected connections are provided to the control
platform 822 for the interworking unit interface and/or for the
controllable ATM matrix interface. The application platform 824 is
responsible for validation, translation, routing, call control,
exceptions, screening, and error handling. In addition to providing
the control requirements for the interworking unit and the
controllable ATM matrix, the application platform 824 also provides
requirements for echo control and resource control to the
appropriate interface of the control platform 822. In addition, the
application platform 824 generates signaling information for
transmission by the signaling interface 804. The signaling
information might be for ISUP, INAP, or TCAP messages to external
network elements. Pertinent information for each call is stored in
an enhanced circuit data block (ECDB) for the call. The ECDB can be
used for tracking and accounting the call.
[0201] The application platform 824 preferably operates in general
accord with the Basic Call State Model (BCSM) defined by the ITU.
An instance of the BCSM is created to handle each call. The BCSM
includes an originating-process and a terminating process. The
application platform 824 includes a service switching function
(SSF) that is used to invoke the service control function (SCF).
Typically, the SCF is contained in an SCP. The SCF is queried with
TCAP or INAP messages that are transported by the signaling
interface 804 and which are initiated with information from the SSF
in the application platform 824. The originating or terminating
processes will access remote databases with intelligent network
(IN) functionality via the SSF.
[0202] Software requirements for the application platform 824 can
be produced in specification and description language (SDL) defined
in ITU-T Z.100 or similar logic or description languages. The SDL
can be converted into C code. A real time case tool such as SDT
from Telelogic, Inc. or Object Time from Object Time, Inc. can be
used. Additional C and C++ code can be added as required to
establish the environment. It will be appreciated that other
software languages and tools may be used.
[0203] The call processor 808 can be comprised of the
above-described software loaded onto a computer. The computer can
be a generally available fault-tolerant Unix computer, such as
those provided by Sun, Tandem, or Hewlett Packard. It may be
desirable to utilize the multi-threading capability of a Unix
operating system.
[0204] From FIG. 8, it can be seen that the application platform
824 processes signaling information to control numerous systems and
facilitate call connections and services. The SS7 signaling is
exchanged between the call processor 808 and external components
through the signaling interface 804, and control information is
exchanged with external systems through the control platform 822.
Advantageously, the signaling interface 804, the CPCS 806, and the
call processor 808 are not integrated into a switch central
processing unit (CPU) that is coupled to a switching matrix. Unlike
an SCP, the components of the signaling processor 802 are capable
of processing ISUP messages independently of TCAP queries.
[0205] SS7 Message Designations
[0206] SS7 messages are well known. Designations for various SS7
messages commonly are used. Those skilled in the art are familiar
with the following message designations:
1 ACM Address Complete Message ANM Answer Message BLO Blocking BLA
Blocking Acknowledgment CPG Call Progress CGB Circuit Group
Blocking CGBA Circuit Group Blocking Acknowledgment GRS Circuit
Group Reset GRA Circuit Group Reset Acknowledgment CGU Circuit
Group Unblocking CGUA Circuit Group Unblocking Acknowledgment CQM
Circuit Group Query CQR Circuit Group Query Response CRM Circuit
Reservation Message CRA Circuit Reservation Acknowledgment CVT
Circuit Validation Test CVR Circuit Validation Response CFN
Confusion COT Continuity CCR Continuity Check Request EXM Exit
Message INF Information INR Information Request IAM Initial Address
Message LPA Loop Back Acknowledgment PAM Pass Along Message REL
Release RLC Release Complete RSC Reset Circuit RES Resume SUS
Suspend UBL Unblocking UBA Unblocking Acknowledgment UCIC
Unequipped Circuit Identification Code.
[0207] Call Processor Tables
[0208] Call processing typically entails two aspects First, an
incoming or "originating" connection is recognized by an
originating call process. For example, the initial connection that
a call uses to enter a network is the originating connection in
that network. Second, an outgoing or "terminating" connection is
selected by a terminating call process. For example, the
terminating connection is coupled to the originating connection in
order to extend the call through the network. These two aspects of
call processing are referred to as the originating side of the call
and the terminating side of the call.
[0209] FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary data structure preferably used
by the call processor 802 of FIG. 8 to execute the BCSM, This is
accomplished through a series of tables that point to one another
in various ways. The pointers typically are comprised of next
function and next label designations. The next function points to
the next table, and the next label points to an entry or a range of
entries in that table. It will be appreciated that the pointers for
the main call processing are illustrated in FIG. 9.
[0210] The primary data structure has a TDM trunk circuit table
902, an ATM trunk circuit table 904, a trunk group table 906, a
carrier table 908, an exception table 910, an originating line
information (OLI) table 912, an automatic number identification
(ANI) table 914, a called number screening table 916, a called
number table 918, a routing table 920, a trunk group class of
service (COS) table 922, and a message mapping table 924. Also
included in the data structure are a day of year table 926, a day
of week table 928, a time of day table 930, and a time zone table
932.
[0211] The TDM trunk circuit table 902 contains information
required to provision the TDM side of a connection from the call
processor site. Each circuit on the TDM side of a connection has an
entry. The TDM trunk circuit table 902 is accessed from the trunk
group table 906 or an external call process, and it points to the
trunk group table.
[0212] The ATM trunk circuit table 904 contains information
required to provision the ATM side of a connection. Typically, one
record appears in this table per ATM trunk group. Although, the
system can be configured alternately for multiple records per trunk
group. The ATM trunk circuit table 904 is accessed from the trunk
group table 906 or an external call process, and it points to the
trunk group table.
[0213] The trunk group table 906 contains information that is
required to build trunk groups out of different trunk members
identified in the TDM and ATM trunk circuit tables 902 and 904. The
trunk group table 906 contains information related to the
originating and terminating trunk groups. The trunk group table 906
typically points to the carrier table 908. Although, the trunk
group table 906 may point to the exception table 910, the OLI table
912, the ANI table 914, the called number screening table 916, the
called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year
table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930,
and the treatment table (see FIG. 10).
[0214] For default processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the
forward direction, when the call process determines call setup and
routing parameters for user communications on the originating
portion, the trunk group table 906 is the next table after the TDM
and ATM trunk circuit tables 902 and 904, and the trunk group table
points to the carrier table 908. For default processing of an IAM
of an outgoing call in the forward direction, when the call process
determines call setup and routing parameters for user
communications on the terminating portion, the trunk group table
906 is the next table after the routing table 920, and the trunk
group table points to the TDM or ATM trunk circuit table 902 or
904.about. For default processing of an ACM or an ANM of an
outgoing call in the originating direction, when the call process
determines parameters for signaling, the trunk group table 906 is
the next table after the TDM or ATM trunk circuit table 902 or 904,
and the trunk group table points to the message mapping table 924.
It will be appreciated that this is the default method, and, as
explained herein, other implementations of table processing
occur.
[0215] The carrier table 908 contains information that allows calls
to be screened based, at least in part, on the carrier information
parameter and the carrier selection parameter. The carrier table
908 typically points to the exception table 910. Although, the
carrier table 908 may point to the OLI table 912, the ANI table
914, the called number screening table 916, the called number table
918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of
week table 928, the time of day table 930, the treatment table (see
FIG. 10), and the database services table (see FIG. 11).
[0216] The exception table 910 is used to identify various
exception conditions related to the call that may influence the
routing or handling of the call. The exception table 910 Contains
information that allows calls to be screened based, at least in
part, on the called party number and the calling party's category.
The exception table 910 typically points to the OLI table 912.
Although, the exception table 910 can point to the AN-I table 914,
the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918,
the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week
table 928, the time of day table 930, the call rate table, the
percent control table, the treatment table see FIG. 10), and the
database services table (see FIG. 11).
[0217] The OLI table 912 contains information that allows calls to
be screened based, at least in part, on originating line
information in an IAM. The OLI table 912 typically points to the
ANI table 914. Although, the OLI table can point to the called
number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the
routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table
928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see FIG.
10).
[0218] The ANI table 914 is used to identify any special
characteristics related to the caller's number, which is commonly
known as automatic number identification. The ANI table 914 is used
to screen and validate an incoming ANI. ANI specific requirements
such as queuing, echo cancellation, time zone, and treatments can
be established. The ANI table 914 typically points to the called
number screening table 916. Although, the ANI table 914 can point
to the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of
year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table
930, and the treatment table (see FIG. 10).
[0219] The called number screening table 916 is used to screen
called numbers. The called number screening table 916 determines
the disposition of the called number and the nature of the called
number. The called number screening table 916 is used to provide
the trigger detection point (TDP) for an AIN SCP TCAP query. It is
used, for example, with the local number portability (LNP) feature.
The called number screening table can invoke a TCAP. The called
number screening table 916 typically points to the called number
table 918. Although, the called number screening table 916 can
point to the routing table 920, the treatment table, the call rate
table, the percent tame (see FIG. 10), and the database services
table (see FIG. 11).
[0220] The called number table 918 is used to identify routing
requirements based on, for example, the called number. This will be
the case for standard calls. The called number table 918 typically
points to the routing table 910. In addition, the called number
table 926 can be configured to alternately point to the day of year
table 926. The called number table 918 can also point to the
treatment table (see FIG. 10) and the database services table (see
FIG. 11).
[0221] The routing table 920 contains information relating to the
routing of a call for various connections. The routing table 920
typically points to the treatment table (see FIG. 10). Although,
the routing table also can point to the trunk group table 906 and
the database services table (see FIG. 11).
[0222] For default processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the
forward direction, when the call process determines call setup and
routing parameters for user communications, the routing table 920
is the next table after the called number table 918, and the
routing table points to the trunk group table 906. For default
processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the forward direction,
when the call process determines parameters for signaling, the
routing table 920 is the next table after the called number table
918, and the routing table points to the message mapping table 924.
It will be appreciated that this is the default method, and, as
explained herein, other implementations of table processing
occur.
[0223] The trunk group COS table 922 contains information that
allows calls to be routed differently based on the class of service
assigned to the originating trunk group and to the terminating
trunk group. The trunk group COS table can point to the routing
table 920 or the treatment table (see FIG. 10).
[0224] When the trunk group COS table 922 is used in processing,
after the routing table 920 and the trunk group table 906 are
processed, the trunk group table points to the trunk group COS
table. The trunk group COS table points back to the routing table
920 for further processing. Processing then continues with the
routing table 920 which points to the trunk group table 906, and
the trunk group table which points to the TDM or ATM trunk circuit
table 902 or 904. It will be appreciated that this is the, default
method, and, as explained herein, other implementations of table
processing occur.
[0225] The message mapping table 924 is used to provide
instructions for the formatting of signaling messages from the call
processor. It typically can be accessed by the routing table 920 or
the trunk group table 906 and typically determines the format of
the outgoing messages leaving the call processor.
[0226] The day of year table 926 contains information that allows
calls to be routed differently based on the day of the year. The
day of year table typically points to the routing table 920 and
references the time zone table 932 for information. The day of year
table 926 also can point to the called number screening table 916,
the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of week
table 928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see
FIG. 10).
[0227] The day of week table 928 contains information that allows
calls to be routed differently based on the day of the week. The
day of week table typically points to the routing table 920 and
references the time zone table 932 for information. The day of week
table 928 also can point to the called number screening table 916,
the called number table 918, the time of day table 930, and the
treatment table (see FIG. 10).
[0228] The time of day table 930 contains information that allows
calls to be routed differently based on the time of the day. The
time of day table 930 typically points to the routing table 920 and
references the time zone table 932 for information. The time of day
table 930 also can point to the curled number screening table 916,
the called number table 918, and the treatment table (see FIG.
10).
[0229] The time zone table 932 contains information that allows
call processing to determine if the time associated with the call
processing should be offset based on the time zone or daylight
savings time. The time zone table 932 is referenced by, and
provides information to, the day of year table 926, the day of week
table 928, and the time of day table 930.
[0230] FIG. 10 is an overlay of FIG. 9. The tables from FIG. 9 are
present. However, for clarity, the table's pointers have been
omitted, and some tables have not been duplicated in FIG. 10. FIG.
10 illustrates additional tables that can be accessed from the
tables of FIG. 9. These include an outgoing release table 1002, a
treatment table 1004, a call rate table 1006, and a percent control
table 1008, and time/date tables 1010.
[0231] The outgoing release table 1002 contains information that
allows call processing to determine how an outgoing release message
is to be formatted. The outgoing release table 1002 typically
points to the treatment table 1006.
[0232] The treatment table 1004 identifies various special actions
to be taken in the course of call processing. For example, based on
the incoming trunk group or AN-I, different treatments or cause
codes are used to convey problems to the called and calling
parties, This typically will result in the transmission of a
release message (REL) and a cause value. The treatment table 1004
typically points to the outgoing release table 1002 and the
database services table (see FIG. 11).
[0233] The call rate table 1006 contains information that is used
to control call attempts on an attempt per second basis;
Preferably, attempts from 100 per second to 1 per minute are
programmable. The call rate table 1006 typically points to the
called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the
routing table 920, and the treatment table 1004.
[0234] The percent control table 1008 contains information that is
used to control call attempts based upon a percent value of the
traffic that is processed through call processing. The percent
control table 1008 typically points to the called number screening
table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, and
the treatment table 1004.
[0235] The date/time tables 1010 have been identified in FIG. 9 as
the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of
day table 926, and the time zone table 932. They are illustrated in
FIG. 10 as a single location for ease and clarity but need not be
so located.
[0236] FIG. 11 is an overlay of FIGS. 9-10. The tables from FIGS.
9-10 are present. However, for clarity, the table's pointers have
been omitted, and some tables have not been duplicated in FIG.
11.
[0237] FIG. 11 illustrates additional tables that can be accessed
from the tables of FIGS. 9-10 and which are directed to the TCAP
and the SCCP message processes. These include a database services
table 1102,a signaling connection control part (SCCP) table 1104,
an intermediate signaling network identification (ISNI) table 1106,
a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) table 1108, and
an advanced intelligent network (AIN) event parameters table
1110.
[0238] The database services table 1102 contains information about
the type of database service requested by call processing. The
database services table 1102 references and obtains information
from the SCCP table 1104 and the TCAP table-1 i08. After the
database function is performed, the call is returned to normal call
processing. The database services table 1102 points to the called
number table 918.
[0239] The SCCP table 1104 contains information and parameters
required to build an SCCP message. The SCCP table 1104 is
referenced by the database services table 1102 and provides
information to the database services table.
[0240] The ISNI table 1106 contains network information that is
used for routing SCCP message to a destination node. The ISNI table
1106 is referenced by the SCCP table 1104 and provides information
to the SCCP table.
[0241] The TCAP table 1108 contains information and parameters
required to build a TCAP message. The TCAP table 1108 is referenced
by the database services table 1102 and provides information to the
database services table.
[0242] The AIN event parameters table 1110 contains information and
parameters that are included in the parameters portion of a TCAP
event message. The AIN event parameters table i1 I0 is referenced
by the TCAP table 1 i08 and provides information to the TCAP
table.
[0243] FIG. 12 is an overlay of FIGS. 9-11. The tables from FIGS.
9-11 are present. However, for clarity, the tables have not been
duplicated in FIG. 12. FIG. 12 illustrates additional tables that
can be used to setup the call process so that the tables of FIGS.
9211 may be used. These setup tables 1202 include a site office
table 1204, an external echo canceller table 1206, an interworking
unit (IWU) table 1208, a controllable ATM matrix (CAM) interface
table 1210, and a controllable ATM matrix (CAM) table 1212.
[0244] The site office table 1204 contains information which lists
office-wide parameters, some of which are information-based and
others which affect call processing. The site office table 1204
provides information to the call processor or switch during
initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of
data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for
use during call processing.
[0245] The external echo canceller 1206 contains information that
provides the interface identifier and the echo canceller type when
an external echo canceller is required. The external echo canceller
table 1206 provides information to the call processor or switch
during initialization or other setup procedures, such as population
of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations
for use during call processing.
[0246] The IWU table 1208 contains the internet protocol (IP)
identification numbers for interfaces to the interworking units at
the call processor or switch site. The IWU table 1208 provides
information to the call processor or switch during initialization
or other setup procedures, such as population of data or transfer
of information to one or more memory locations for use during call
processing.
[0247] The CAM interface table 1210 contains information for the
logical interfaces associated with the CAM. The CAM interface table
1210 provides information to the Call processor or switch during
initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of
data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for
use during call processing.
[0248] The CAM table 1212 contains information associated with the
logical and physical setup properties of the CAM. The CAM table
1212 provides information to the call processor or switch during
initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of
data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for
use during call processing.
[0249] FIGS. 13-42 depict examples of the various tables described
above. It will be appreciated that other versions of tables may be
used. In addition, information from the identified tables may be
combined or changed to form different tables.
[0250] FIG. 13 depicts an example of a TDM trunk circuit table. The
TDM trunk circuit table is used to access information about the
originating circuit for originating circuit call processing. It
also is used to provide information about the terminating circuit
for terminating circuit call processing. The trunk group number of
the circuit associated with the call is used to enter the table.
The group member is the second entry that is used as a key to
identify or fill information in the table. The group member
identifies the member number of the trunk group to which the
circuit is assigned, and it is used for the circuit selection
control.
[0251] The table also contains the trunk circuit identification
code (TCIC). The TCIC identifies the trunk circuit which is
typically a DS0. The echo canceller (EC) label entry identifies the
echo canceller, if any, which is connected to the circuit. The
interworking unit (IWU) label and the interworking unit (IWU) port
identify the hardware location and the port number, respectively,
of the interworking unit. The DS1/E1 label and the DS1/E1 channel
denote the DS1 or the E1 and the channel within the DS1 or E1,
respectively, that contains the circuit. The initial state
specifies the state of the circuit when it is installed. Valid
states include blocked if the circuit is installed and blocked from
usage, unequipped if the circuit is reserved, and normal if the
circuit is installed and available from usage.
[0252] FIG. 14 depicts an example of an ATM trunk circuit table.
The ATM trunk circuit table is used to access information about the
originating circuit for originating circuit call processing. It
also is used to provide information about the terminating circuit
for terminating circuit call processing.
[0253] The trunk group number of the circuit associated with the
call is used to enter the table. The group size denotes the number
of members in the trunk group. The starting trunk circuit
identification code (TCIC) is the starting TCIC for the trunk
group, and it is used in the routing label of an ISUP message. The
transmit interface label identifies the hardware location of the
virtual path on which the call will be transmitted. The transmit
interface label may designate either an interworking unit interface
or a CAM interface for the designated trunk members. The transmit
virtual path identifier (VPI) is the VP that will be used on the
transmission circuit side of the call. The receive interface label
identifies the hardware location of the virtual path on which the
call will be received. The receive interface label may designate
either an interworking unit interface or a C.about. interface for
the designated trunk members: The receive virtual path identifier
(VP1) is the VP that will be used on the reception circuit side of
the call. The initial state specifies the state of the circuit when
it is installed. Valid states include blocked if the circuit is
installed and blocked from usage, unequipped if the circuit is
reserved, and normal if the circuit is installed and available from
usage.
[0254] FIG. 15A depicts an example of a trunk group table. The
trunk group number of the trunk group associated with the circuit
is used to key into the trunk group table. The administration
information field is used for information purposes concerning the
trunk group and typically is not used in call processing. The
associated point code is the point code for the far end switch or
call processor to which the trunk group is connected. The common
language location identifier (CLLI) entry is a standardized
Bellcore entry for the associated office to which the trunk group
is connected. The trunk type identifies the type of the trunk in
the trunk group. The trunk type may be a TDM trunk, an ATM trunk
from the interworking unit, or an ATM trunk from the CAM.
[0255] The associated numbering plan area (NPA) contains
information identifying the switch from which the trunk group is
originating or to which the trunk group is terminating. The
associated jurisdiction information parameter (JIP) contains
information identifying the switch from which the trunk group is
originating or to which the trunk group is terminating. If an ISUP
JIP is not received in an IAM, the default JIP is a value recorded
on the call processor ECDB. If an incoming IAM does not have a JIP,
call processing will populate the JIP of the outgoing IAM with the
default value from the trunk group table. If a JIP is not data
filled, an outgoing JIP is not transmitted.
[0256] The time zone label identifies the time zone that should be
used when computing a local date and a local time for use with a
day of year table, the day of week table, and the time of day
table. The echo canceller information field describes the trunk
group echo cancellation requirements. Valid entries for the echo
canceller information include normal for a trunk group that uses
internal echo cancellation, external for a trunk group that
requires external echo cancellers, and disable for a trunk group
that requires no echo cancellation for any call passing over the
group.
[0257] FIG. 15B is a continuation of FIG. 15A for the trunk group
table. The satellite entry specifies that the trunk group for the
circuit is connected through a satellite. If the trunk group uses
too many satellites, then a call should not use the identified
trunk group. This field is used in conjunction with the nature of
connection satellite indicator field from the incoming IAM to
determine if the outgoing call can be connected over this trunk
group. The select sequence indicates the methodology that will be
used to select a connection. Valid entries for the select sequence
field include the following: most idle, least idle, ascending, or
descending. The interworking unit (IWU) priority signifies that
outgoing calls will attempt to use a trunk circuit on the same
interworking unit before using a trunk circuit on a different
interworking unit.
[0258] Glare resolution indicates how a glare situation is to be
resolved. Glare is the dual seizure of the same circuit. If the
glare resolution entry is set to "even/odd," the switch or the call
processor with the higher point code value will control the even
number TCICs within the trunk group. The switch or call processor
with the lower point code value will control the odd number TCICs.
If the glare resolution entry is set to "all," the call processor
controls all of the TCICs within the trunk group. If the glare
resolution entry is set to "none," the call processor will have no
glare control and will yield to all double seizures within the
trunk group.
[0259] Continuity control indicates whether continuity is to be
checked. Continuity for outgoing calls on the originating call
processor are controlled on a trunk group basis. This field
specifies whether continuity is not required or whether continuity
is required and the frequency of the required check. The field
identifies a percentage of the calls that require continuity
check.
[0260] The reattempt entry specifies how many times the outgoing
call will be re-attempted using a different circuit from the same
trunk group after a continuity check failure, a glare, or other
connection failure. The ignore local number portability CLNP)
information specifies whether or not the incoming LNP information
is ignored. The treatment label is a label into the treatment table
for the trunk group used on the call. Because specific trunk group
connections may require specific release causes or treatments for a
specific customer, this field identifies the type of treatment that
is required. The message mapping label is a label into the message
mapping table which specifies the backward message configuration
that will be used on the trunk group.
[0261] FIG. 15C is a continuation of FIG. 15B for the trunk group
table. The queue entry signifies that the terminating part of the
trunk group is capable of queuing calls originating from a
subscriber that called a number which terminates in this trunk
group. The ring no answer entry specifies whether the trunk group
requires ring no answer timing. If the entry is set to 0, the call
processing will not use the ring no answer timing for calls
terminated on the trunk group. A number other than 0 specifies the
ring no answer timing in seconds for calls terminating on this
trunk group. The voice path cut through entry identifies how and
when the terminating call's voice path will be cut through on the
trunk group. The options for this field include the following:
connect for a cut through in both directions after receipt of an
ACM, answer for cut through in the backward direction upon receipt
of an ACM, then cut through in the forward direction upon receipt
of an ANM, or immediate for cut through in both directions
immediately after an IAM has been sent.
[0262] The originating class of service (COS) label provides a
label into a class of service table that determines how a call is
handled based on the combination of the originating COS and the
terminating COS from another trunk group. Based on the combination
of this field and the terminating COS of another trunk group's
field, the Call will be handled differently. For example, the call
may be denied, route advanced, or otherwise processed. The
terminating class of service (COS) label provides a label into a
class of service table that determines how a Call is handled based
on the Combination of the originating COS from another trunk group
and the terminating COS from the present trunk group. Based on a
combination of this field and the originating COS the call will be
handled differently. For example, the call may be denied, route
advanced, or otherwise processed.
[0263] Call control provides an index to a specific trunk group
level traffic management control. Valid entries include normal for
no control applied, skip control, applied wide area
telecommunications service (WATS) reroute functionality, cancel
control, reroute control overflow, and reroute immediate control.
The next function points to the next table, and the next label
points to an entry or a range of entries in that table.
[0264] FIG. 16 depicts an example of a carrier table. The carrier
label is the key to enter the table. The carrier identification
(ID) specifies the carrier to be used by the calling party. The
carrier selection entry identifies how the caller specifies the
carrier. For example, it identifies whether the caller dialed a
prefix digit or whether the caller was pre-subscribed. The carrier
selection is used to determine how the call will be routed. The
next function points to the next table, and the next label defines
an area in that table for further call processing.
[0265] FIG. 17 depicts an example of an exception table. The
exception label is used as a key to enter the table. The calling
party's category entry specifies how to process a call from an
ordinary subscriber, an unknown subscriber, or a test phone. The
called number nature of address differentiates between 0+ calls, 1+
calls, test calls, local routing number (LRN) calls, and
international calls. For example, international calls might be
routed to a pre-selected international carrier. The called number
"digits from" and "digits to" focus further processing unique to a
defined range of called numbers. The "digits from" field is a
decimal number ranging from 1-15 digits. It can be an3, length and,
if filled with less than, 15 digits, is filled with 0s for the
remaining digits. The "digits to" is a decimal number ranging from
1-5 digits. It can be any length and, if filled with less than I5
digits, is filled with 9s for the remaining digits. The next
function and next label entries point to the next table and the
next entry within that table for the next routing function.
[0266] FIG. 18 depicts an example of the originating line
information (OLI) table. The OLI label is used as a key to enter
the table from a prior next function operation. The originating
line information entry specifies the information digits that are
being transmitted from a carrier. Different calls are
differentiated based on the information digits. For example, the
information digits may identify an ordinary subscriber, a
multi-party line, N00 service, prison service, cellular service, or
private pay station. The next function and next label entries point
to the next table and the area within that table for the next
routing function.
[0267] FIG. 19 depicts an example of an automatic number
identification (ANI) table. The ANI label is used as a key to enter
the table from a prior next option. The charge calling party number
"digits from" and "digits to" focus further processing unique to
ANI within a given range. These entries are looked at to determine
if the incoming calling number falls within the "digits from" and
"digits to" fields. The time zone label indicates the entry in the
time zone table that should be used when computing the local date
and time. The time zone label overrides the time zone information
from the trunk group table 906.
[0268] The customer information entry specifies further customer
information on the originating side for call process routing. The
echo cancellation (EC) information field specifies whether or not
to apply echo cancellation to the associated ANI. The queue entry
identifies whether or not queuing is available to the calling party
if the called party is busy. Queuing timers determine the length of
time that a call can be queued. The treatment label defines how a
call will be treated based on information in the treatment table.
For example, the treatment label may send a call to a specific
recording based on a dialed number. The next function and next
label point to the next table and an area within that table for
further call processing.
[0269] FIG. 20 depicts an example of a called number screening
table. The called number screening label is used as a key to enter
the table. The called number nature of address indicates the type
of dialed number, for example, national versus international. The
nature of address entry allows the call process to route a call
differently based on the nature of address value provided. The
"digits from" and "digits to" entries focus further processing
unique to a range of called numbers. The "digits from" and "digits
to" columns both contain called number digits, such as NPA-NXX
ranges, that may contain ported numbers and are checked for an LRN.
This table serves as the trigger detection point (TDP) for an LNP
TCAP when, for example, NPA-NXXs of donor switches that have had
subscribers port their numbers are data filled in the "digits from"
and "digits to" fields. The delete digits field provides the number
of digits to be deleted from the called number before processing
continues. The next function and next label point to the next table
and the area within that table for further call processing.
[0270] FIG. 21 depicts an example of a called number table. The
called number label is used as a key to enter the table. The called
number nature of address entry indicates the type of dialed number,
for example, national versus international. The "digits from" and
"digits to" entries focus further processing unique to a range of
numbers, including LRNs. The next function and next label point to
a next table and the area within that table used for further call
processing.
[0271] FIG. 22 depicts an example Of a day of year table. The day
of year label is used as a key to enter the table. The date field
indicates the local date which is applicable to the action to be
taken during the processing of this table. The next function and
next label identify the table and the area within that table for
further call processing.
[0272] FIG. 23 depicts an example of a day of week table. The day
of week label is a key that is used to enter the table. The "day
from" field indicates the local day of the week on which the action
to be taken by this table line entry is to start. The "day to"
field indicates the local day of the week on which the action to be
taken by this table line entry is to end. The next function and
next label identify the next table and the area within that table
for further call processing.
[0273] FIG. 24 depicts an example of a time of day table. The time
of day label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next
function. The "time from" entry indicates the local time on which
an action to be taken is to start. The "time to" field indicates
the local time just before which the action to be taken is to stop.
The next function and next label entries identify the next table
and the area within that table for further call processing.
[0274] FIG. 25 depicts an example of a time zone table. The time
zone label is used as a key to enter the table and to process an
entry so that a customer's local date and time maybe computed. The
coordinated universal time (UTC) indicates a standard offset of
this time zone from the UTC. The UTC is also known as Greenwich
mean time, GMT, or Zulu. The UTC should be positive for time zones
east of Greenwich, such as Europe and Asia, and negative for time
zones west of Greenwich, such as North America. The daylight
savings entry indicates whether daylight savings time is used
during the summer in this time zone.
[0275] FIG. 26 depicts an example of a routing table. The routing
label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next
function. The route number specifies a route within a route list.
Call processing will process the route choices for a given route
label in the order indicated by the route numbers. The next
function and next label identify the next table and the area within
that table for further call processing. The signal route label is
associated with the next action to be taken by call processing for
this call. The signal route label provides the index to access the
message mapping label. The signal route label is used in order to
modify parameter data fields in a signaling message that is being
propagated to a next switch or a next call processor.
[0276] FIG. 27 depicts an example 6f a trunk group class of service
(COS) table. The originating trunk COS label and the terminating
trunk COS label are used as keys to enter the table and define call
processing. The next function identifies the next action that will
be taken by call processing for this call Valid entries in the next
function column may be continued, treat, route advanced, or
routing. Based on these entries call processing may continue using
the current trunk group, send the calls to treatment, skip the
current trunk group and the routing table and go to the next trunk
group on the list, or send the call to a different label in the
routing table. The next label entry is a pointer that defines the
trunk circuit group that the next function will use to process the
ca/1. This field is ignored when the next function is continued or
route advanced.
[0277] FIG. 28 depicts an example of a treatment table. The
treatment label is a key that is used to enter the table. The
treatment label is a designation in a call process that determines
the disposition of the call. The error/cause label correspond
either to internally generated error conditions and call processing
or to incoming release cause values. For each treatment label,
there will be a set of error conditions and cause values that will
be associated with a series of labels for the call processing error
conditions and a series of labels for all incoming release message
cause values.
[0278] The next function and next label point to the next table and
the area within that table for further call processing.
[0279] FIG. 29 depicts an example of an outgoing release table. The
outgoing release label is used as a key to enter the table for
processing. The outgoing cause value location identifies the type
of network to be used. For example, the location entry may specify
a local or remote network or a private, transit, or international
network. The coding standard identifies the standard as an
International Telecommunications Union (1TU) standard or an
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard. The cause
value designates error, maintenance, or non-connection
processes.
[0280] FIG. 30 depicts an example of a percent control table. The
percent label is used as a key to enter the table. The control
percentage specifies the percentage of incoming calls that will be
affected by the control. The control next function allows attempts
for call connection to be routed to another table during call
processing. The control next label points to an area within that
table for further call processing. The passed next function allows
only incoming attempts to be routed to another table. The next
label points to an area in that table for further call
processing.
[0281] FIG. 31 depicts an example of a call rate table. The call
rate label is used as a key to enter the table. The call rate
specifies the number of calls that will be passed by the control on
or for completion. Call processing will use this information to
determine if the incoming call number falls within this control.
The control next function allows a blocked call attempt to be
routed to another table. The control next label is a pointer that
defines the area in the next table for further call processing. The
passed next function allows only an incoming call attempt to be
rerouted to another table. The passed next function is a pointer
that defines an area in that table for further call processing.
[0282] FIG. 32 depicts an example of a database services table. The
database services label is used as a key to enter the table. The
service type determines the type of logic that is applied when
building and responding to database queries. Service types include
local number portability and N00 number translation. The signaling
connection control part (SCCP) label identifies a location within
an SCCP table for further call processing. The transaction
capabilities application part (TCAP) label identifies a location
within a TCAP table for further processing. The next function
identifies the location for the next routing function based on
information contained in the database services table as well as
information received from a database query. The next label entry
specifies an area within the table identified in the next
function-for further processing.
[0283] FIG. 33A depicts an example of a signaling connection
control part (SCCP) table. The SCCP label is used as a key to enter
the field. The message type entry identifies the type of message
that will be sent in the SCCP message. Message types include
Unitdata messages and Extended Unitdata messages. The protocol
class entry indicates the type of protocol class that will be used
for the message specified in the message type field. The protocol
class is used for connectionless transactions to determine whether
messages are discarded or returned upon an error condition. The
message handling field identifies how the destination call
processor or switch is to handle the SCCP message if it is received
with errors. This field will designate that the message is to be
discarded or returned. The hop counter entry denotes the number of
nodes through which the SCCP message can route before the message
is returned with an error condition. The segmentation entry denotes
whether or not this SCCP message will use segmentation and Send
more than one SCCP message to the destination.
[0284] FIG. 33B is a continuation of FIG. 33A for the SCCP table.
The intermediate signaling network identification (ISNI) fields
allow the SCCP message to traverse different networks in order to
reach a desired node. The ISNI type identifies the type of ISNI
message format that will be used for this SCCP message. The route
indicator sub-field identifies whether or not this SCCP message
requires a special type of routing to go through other networks.
The mark identification sub-field identifies whether or not network
identification will be used for this SCCP message. The label
sub-field identifies a unique address into the ISNI table when the
route indicator sub-field is set to "constrained" and the mark
identification sub-field is set to "yes."
[0285] FIG. 33C is a continuation of FIG. 33B for the SCCP table.
FIG. 33C identifies the called party address field and sub-fields
to provide information on how to route this SCCP message. The
address indicator subsystem number (SSN) indicates whether or not a
subsystem number will be included in the called party address. The
point code entry indicates whether or not a point code will be
included in the calling party address. The global title indicator
sub-field identifies whether or not a global title translation will
be used to route the SCCP message. If a global title translation is
chosen, this sub-field also identifies the type. The routing
indicator sub-field identifies the elements that will be used to
route the message. Valid entries include global title and point
code. The national/international sub-field identifies whether the
SCCP message will use national or international routing and set
up.
[0286] The subsystem number field identifies the subsystem number
for the SCCP message. The point code number indicates the
destination point code to which the SCCP message will be routed.
This field will be used for routing messages that do not require
SCCP translation.
[0287] The global title translation field allows intermediate nodes
to translate SCCP messages so that the messages can be routed to
the correct destination with the correct point code. The global
title translation type entry directs the SCCP message to the
correct global title translation function. The encode scheme
identifies how the address type will be encoded. The number plan
subfield identifies the numbering plan that will be sent to the
destination node. The address type subfield will identify which
address type to use for address digits and the SCCP routing through
the network.
[0288] FIG. 33D is a continuation of FIG. 33C for the SCCP table.
FIG. 33D identifies the calling party address field which contains
the routing information that the destination database uses to
retain the SCCP message. The address indicator subsystem number
(SSN) indicates whether or not a subsystem number will be included
in the called party address. The point code subfield indicates
whether or not a point code will be included in the calling party
address. The global title indicator subfield identifies whether or
not global title translation will be used to route the SCCP
message. The routing indicator subfield identifies which elements
will be used throughout the message. This field may include global
tide elements or point code elements. The national/international
subfield identifies whether the SCCP will use national or
international routing mad set up.
[0289] The subsystem number identifies a subsystem number for the
SCCP message. The point code number field indicates the destination
point code to which the SCCP message will be routed. The global
title translations allow the intermediate nodes to translate SCCP
messages and to route the messages to the correct destination. The
global title translation type directs the SCCP message to the
correct global title translation function. The encode scheme
identifies how the address type will be encoded. The number plan
identifies the number plan that will be sent to the destination
node. The address type subfield identifies the address type to use
for address digits in the SCCP routing through the network.
[0290] FIG. 34 depicts an example of an intermediate signaling
network identification (ISNI) table. The ISNI table contains a list
of networks that will be used for routing SCCP messages to the
destination node. The ISNI label is used as a key to enter the
table. The network fields 1-16 identify the network number of up to
16 networks that may be used for routing the SCCP message.
[0291] FIG. 35 depicts an example of a transaction capabilities
application part (TCAP) table. The TCAP label is used as a key to
enter the table. The TCAP type identifies the type of the TCAP that
will be constructed. The TCAP types include advanced intelligent
network (AIN) and distributed intelligent network architecture
(DINA). The tag class indicates whether the message will use a
common or proprietary structure. The package type field identifies
the package type that will be used in the transaction portion of
the TCAP message. The component type field identifies the component
type that will be used in the component portion of the TCAP
message. The message type field identifies the type of TCAP
message. Message types include variable options depending on
whether they are KIN message types or DINA message types.
[0292] FIG. 36 depicts an example of an external echo canceller
table. The echo canceller type specifies if an external echo
canceller is being used on the circuit and, if so, the type of echo
canceller. The echo canceller label points to a location in the
controllable ATM matrix table for further call processing. The
RS-232 address is the address of the RS-232 interface that is used
to communicate with the external echo canceller. The module entry
is the module number of the external echo canceller.
[0293] FIG. 37 depicts an example of an interworking unit interface
table. The interworking unit (IWU) is a key that is used to enter
the table. The IWU identification (ID) identifies which
interworking unit is being addressed. The internet protocol sockets
1-4 specify the IP socket address of any of the four connections to
the interworking unit.
[0294] FIG. 38 depicts an example of a controllable ATM matrix
(CAM) interface table. The CAM interface label is used as a key to
enter the table. The CAM label indicates which CAM contains the
interface. The logical interface entry specifies a logical
interface or port number in the CAM.
[0295] FIG. 39 depicts an example of a controllable ATM matrix
(CAM) table. The CAM label is used as a key to enter the table. The
CAM type indicates the type of CAM control protocol. The CAM
address identifies the address of the CAM.
[0296] FIG. 40A depicts an example of a call processor or switch
site office table. The office CLLI name identifies a CLLI of the
associated office for the call processor or switch. The call
processor or switch site node identifier (ID) specifies the call
processor or switch node identifier. The call processor or switch
origination identifier (ID) specifies a call processor or switch
origination identifier. The software identifier (ID) specifies a
software release identifier. The call processor identifier (ID)
specifies the call processor or switch identifier that is sent to
the inter working units.
[0297] FIG. 40B is a continuation of FIG. 40A of the call processor
or switch site office table. The automatic congestion control (ACC)
specifies whether ACC is enabled or disabled. The automatic
congestion control level (ACL) 1 onset identifies an onset
percentage value of a first buffer utilization. The ACL 1 abate
entry specifies an abatement percentage of utilization for a first
buffer. The ACL 2 onset entry specifies an onset level for a second
buffer. The ACL 2 abate entry specifies an abatement level
percentage of buffer utilization for a second buffer. The ACL 3
onset entry specifies an onset level percentage of buffer
utilization for a third buffer. The ACL 3 abate entry specifies an
abatement level percentage of buffer utilization for a third
buffer.
[0298] FIG. 40C is a continuation of FIG. 40B for the call
processor or switch site office table. The maximum trunks for the
off hook queuing (max trunks OHQ) specifies a maximum number of
trunk groups that can have the off hook queuing enabled. The OHQ
timer one (TQ!) entry specifies the number of milliseconds for the
off hook timer number one. The OHQ timer two (TQ2) entry specifies
the number of seconds for the off hook timer number two. The ring
no answer timer specifies the number of seconds for the ring no
answer timer. The billing active entry specifies whether ECDBs are
being sent to the call processing control system (CPCS). The
network management (NWM) allow entry identifies whether or not a
selective trunk reservation and group control are allowed or
disallowed. The billing failure free call entry specifies if a call
will not be billed if the billing process is unavailable. The
billing failure free call will either be enabled for free calls or
disabled so that there are no free calls.
[0299] FIG. 40D is a continuation of FIG. 40C for the call
processor or switch site office table. The maximum (max) hop counts
identifies the number of call processor or switch hops that may be
made in a single call. The maximum (max) table lookups identifies
the number of table lookups that may performed for a single call.
This value is used to detect loops in routing tables. FIGS. 41A-41B
depict an example of an advanced intelligent network (AIN) event
parameters table. The AIN event parameters table has two columns.
The first identifies the parameters that will be included in the
parameters portion of the TCAP event message. The second entry may
include information for analysis.
[0300] FIG. 42 depicts an example of a message mapping tame. This
table allows the call processor to alter information in outgoing
messages. The message type field is used as a key to enter the
table and represents the outgoing standard message type. The
parameters entry is a pertinent parameter within the outgoing
message. The indexes point to various entries in the trunk group
and determine if parameters are passed unchanged, omitted, or
modified in the outgoing messages.
[0301] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations
from the specific embodiments disclosed above are contemplated by
the invention. The invention should not be restricted to the above
embodiments, but should be measured by the following claims.
* * * * *