U.S. patent application number 11/053075 was filed with the patent office on 2005-07-21 for recording medium, data recording method and apparatus, data regenerating method and apparatus, and copy control method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Sony Corporation. Invention is credited to Inokuchi, Tatsuya, Sako, Yoichiro.
Application Number | 20050157320 11/053075 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26572072 |
Filed Date | 2005-07-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050157320 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sako, Yoichiro ; et
al. |
July 21, 2005 |
Recording medium, data recording method and apparatus, data
regenerating method and apparatus, and copy control method
Abstract
Data is recorded in a first part PA1 in accordance with a signal
format same as that of an existing CD at the lower limit (1.5
.mu.m) of an allowable value of a track pitch and the lower limit
(1.2 m/sec) of a linear velocity. As a result, the data for the
maximum regeneration time (74.7 min) can be recorded in the first
part PA1. An existing CD reproducing apparatus can reproduce the
audio data recorded in the first part PA1 with no problem.
Moreover, compressed and encrypted audio data is recorded in a
second part PA2 at a single density or a double density. The single
density represents a recording density same as that of an existing
CD and the double density represents a density two time larger than
the single density. Furthermore, the audio data recorded in the
second part PA2 is charged when reproduced in order to protect
copyrights. The format of the data recorded in the second part PA2
uses the format of a CD-ROM.
Inventors: |
Sako, Yoichiro; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Inokuchi, Tatsuya; (Kanagawa, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Jay H. Maioli
Cooper & Dunham
1185 Avenue of the Americas
New York
NY
10036
US
|
Assignee: |
Sony Corporation
|
Family ID: |
26572072 |
Appl. No.: |
11/053075 |
Filed: |
February 7, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11053075 |
Feb 7, 2005 |
|
|
|
09889291 |
Jul 13, 2001 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
358/1.12 ;
358/1.18; G9B/19.001; G9B/20.001; G9B/20.002; G9B/20.014;
G9B/27.012; G9B/27.019; G9B/27.037; G9B/27.05; G9B/7.029 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 2020/10546
20130101; G11B 2220/2545 20130101; G11B 7/007 20130101; G11B
20/00768 20130101; G11B 20/0063 20130101; G11B 20/1217 20130101;
H04N 5/85 20130101; G11B 20/1251 20130101; G11B 2020/00014
20130101; G11B 20/1262 20130101; G11B 19/02 20130101; G11B 2220/213
20130101; G11B 2220/2583 20130101; G11B 27/034 20130101; G11B
27/105 20130101; G11B 20/00086 20130101; G11B 20/00913 20130101;
G11B 2220/2537 20130101; G11B 2220/41 20130101; G11B 20/00007
20130101; G11B 27/3063 20130101; H04N 9/8205 20130101; H04N
2005/91364 20130101; G11B 7/261 20130101; G11B 27/329 20130101;
G11B 20/0071 20130101; G11B 20/0021 20130101; G11B 20/10527
20130101; G11B 2220/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
358/001.12 ;
358/001.18 |
International
Class: |
G06F 015/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 16, 1999 |
JP |
326091/1999 |
Nov 25, 1999 |
JP |
334979/1999 |
Claims
1-52. (canceled)
53. A discoid-recording-medium reproducing apparatus comprising: a
head for reading data and collateral information from a discoid
recording medium that is provided with at least a first lead-in
area; a first recording area that is formed at an outer-track side
of said first lead-in area and in which uncompressed data are
recorded; a first lead-out area formed at said outer-track side of
said first recording area; a second lead-in area formed at said
outer-track side of said first lead-out area; a second recording
area that is formed at said outer-track side of said second lead-in
area and in which compressed data are recorded; and a second
lead-out area formed at said outer-track side of said second
recording area in which identification information showing whether
said second recording area is present and collateral information
including at least start and end addresses of said first and said
second recording areas are recorded; a first regeneration part to
which an output signal is supplied from said head and that
reproduces said uncompressed data read from said first recording
area on said recording medium; a second regeneration part to which
said output signal is supplied from said head and that reproduces
said compressed data read from said second recording area on said
recording medium; and a control part to which said output signal is
supplied from said head and that changes said first regeneration
part and said second regeneration part in accordance with said
collateral information.
54. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing apparatus according to
claim 53, wherein said control part controls movement of said head
in accordance with said collateral information read from said
recording medium.
55. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing apparatus according to
claim 53, wherein said discoid recording medium is set to said
apparatus and further comprising a rotating part for rotating said
set discoid recording medium; and said rotating part is controlled
by said control part so as to change linear velocities when said
head is moved from either of said first and said second recording
areas of said recording medium to an other recording area of said
recording medium.
56. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing apparatus according to
claim 55, wherein a mirror area is further formed between said
first lead-out area and said second lead-in area of said recording
medium and said control part controls said rotating part so as to
change said linear velocities while said head passes through said
mirror area.
57. A discoid-recording-medium reproducing method, comprising the
steps of: reading data and collateral information by a head from a
discoid recording medium that is provided with at least a first
lead-in area, wherein a first recording area is formed at an
outer-track side of said first lead-in area in which uncompressed
data are recorded; a first lead-out area is formed at said
outer-track side of said first recording area; a second lead-in
area is formed at said outer-track side of said first lead-out
area; a second recording area is formed at said outer-track side of
said second lead-in area in which compressed data are recorded and
a second lead-out area is formed at said outer-track side of said
second recording area in which identification information showing
whether said second recording area is present and collateral
information including at least start and end addresses of said
first and second recording areas are recorded; and changing a first
regeneration part to which an output signal is supplied from said
head and that reproduces said uncompressed data read from said
first recording area on said recording medium and a second
regeneration part to which said output signal is supplied from said
head and that reproduces said compressed data read from said second
recording area on said recording medium in accordance with said
collateral information read by said head.
58. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 57, wherein said method controls a rotational speed of said
discoid recording medium to change linear velocities when said head
is moved from either of said first and said second recording areas
to an other recording area.
59. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 58, wherein said recording medium has a mirror area between
said first lead-out area and said second lead-in area and said
rotational speed of said discoid recording medium is changed when
said head passes through said mirror area.
60. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 57, wherein said collateral information includes fee charging
information showing whether said data recorded in said recording
medium are data to be charged and charging is performed in
accordance with said fee charging information when reproducing said
compressed data recorded in said second recording area.
61. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 60, wherein said method determines whether said compressed
data to be reproduced have contents identical to said uncompressed
data recorded in said first recording area and reproduces said
compressed data to be reproduced without charging a fee when said
determination result shows that said compressed data have said
identical contents.
62. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 61, wherein when it is determined that said compressed data
to be reproduced do not have said identical contents as said
uncompressed data recorded in said first recording area a fee is
charged and said compressed data are then reproduced.
63. The discoid-recording-medium reproducing method according to
claim 62, wherein said collateral information further includes said
information showing an area in which data having said identical
contents as said uncompressed data recorded in said first recording
area and said method determines in accordance with said collateral
information whether said compressed data to be reproduced has said
identical contents as said uncompressed data recorded in said first
recording area.
64-84. (canceled)
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to recording medium, data
recording method and apparatus, data reproducing method and
apparatus, and a copy control method which are applied to a
disc-like recording medium comatible with a so-called compact
disc.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] For compact disc (CD) and DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or
Digital Video Disc) and the like, various copy-prevention arts for
preventing illegal copy are proposed and practically used in order
to protect copyrights. For example, SCMS (Serial Copy Management
System) permits a first-generation copy from a CD to an MD (Mini
Disc: trade mark) but inhibits a second-generation copy from an MD
to other medium. Moreover, a copy-generation restriction system is
also known which restricts what-th generation copy can be
generated.
[0003] Moreover, music contents have been recently circulated in
accordance with quick advancement of networks including Internet.
Under the above situation, EMD (Electronic Music Distribution)
using networks such as Internet and satellite broadcasting has been
started and a copyright management method for EMD is proposed. In
the case of EMD, a user can obtain music contents through charging.
The above-described arts such as SCMS and copy generation
restriction are going to be used for the EMD in order to prevent
illegal copy.
[0004] As described above, the conventional copyright protection
method has restricted copy by using a copy prevention art to
protect the right of a writer. Therefore, the method has been an
obstacle for circulating music contents widely in a short time. For
example, a due system is one of conventional copyright protection
systems. This system is executed by a DAT (Digital Audio
Taperecorder) or MD, in which a user of a digital recorder pays a
compensation added to a product price. In these days in which
networks are advanced, hardware (player or medium) does not
frequently correspond to contents distributed through a network one
to one so that the contents are received by a personal computer and
reproduced and therefore, it cannot be said that the above due
system is suitable as a copyright protection system.
[0005] Moreover, a plurality of melodies are recorded in a medium
such as a CD, a user may enjoy only one specific melody or only
several melodies among the recorded melodies or may not want to buy
the whole medium, that is, the DC. Furthermore, advertisement and
circulation of music contents may be prevented due to a
copying-prevention technique. It is possible to advertise and
circulate the music contents for a short time by distributing the
music contents free of charge and reduce the cost for advertisement
and circulation of them.
[0006] When considering the above point, it is preferable to use a
system in which contents are circulated and widely distributed free
of charge and charged when reproducing the contents so that the
contents are easily and quickly circulated and a writer can obtain
a legal compensation. To realize the above system, it is necessary
that contents recorded in a medium are encrypted. Moreover, it is
considered to construct a system that is charged when the encrypted
contents are reproduced. However, there is a problem that a
recording medium storing encrypted contents such as a disk cannot
be reproduced by an existing disk reproducing apparatus such as a
CD reproducing apparatus.
[0007] Moreover, it is preferable that copy (redistribution) can be
freely performed in addition to the fact that contents can be
circulated and distributed free of charge. In this case, encrypted
contents are copied. It is preferable that the copying time
required is short.
[0008] Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a recording medium storing contents that can be charged
when decoded by being encoded while securing the compatibility with
an existing data-recording medium.
[0009] Moreover, it is another object of the present invention to
provide a recording medium for recording and reproducing data in
and from the former recording medium and controlling copy, data
recording method and apparatus, data reproducing method and
apparatus, and a copy control method.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0010] To solve the above problems, the invention of claim 1 is a
data-recording medium for storing data by dividing a recording area
into at least first and second recording areas, characterized in
that
[0011] first data recorded in the first recording area is
unencrypted data and at least a part of second data recorded in the
second recording area is encrypted data, and
[0012] compression rates of the first data and second data are made
different from each other.
[0013] The invention of claim 13 is a discoid recording medium
whose disk dimensions, track pitch, and minimum pit length are
respectively specified in accordance with a standard,
comprising
[0014] a first recording area allowing data for the specified
maximum regeneration time to be recorded by storing first data in
accordance with the lower limit of an allowable width of the track
pitch and the lower limit of an allowable width of the minimum pit
length;
[0015] a second recording area allowing second data to be recorded;
characterized in that
[0016] the first data and second data are discontinuously
recorded.
[0017] The invention of claim 27 is a data recording method for
recording data in a recording medium shows recording area is
divided into at least first and second recording areas, comprising
the steps of:
[0018] recording first data which is unencrypted data in a first
recording area and recording second data at least a part of which
is encrypted in a second recording area; and
[0019] making compression rates of the first and second data
different from each other.
[0020] The invention of claim 28 is a data recording apparatus for
recording data in a recording medium whose recording area is
divided into at least first and second recording areas,
comprising:
[0021] recording means for recording first data which is
unencrypted data in a first recording area and recording second
data at least a part of which is encrypted in a second recording
area; characterized in that
[0022] compression rates of the first data and second data are made
different from each other.
[0023] The invention of claim 29 is a data recording method for
recording data in a recording medium whose disk dimensions, track
pitch, and minimum pit length are respectively specified in
accordance with a standard, comprising the steps of:
[0024] recording data for the specified maximum regeneration time
in a first recording area by storing first data in accordance with
the lower limit of an allowable width of the track pitch and the
lower limit of an allowable width of the minimum pit length;
and
[0025] recording second data in a second recording area
discontinuously from the first data.
[0026] The invention of claim 30 is a data recording apparatus for
recording data in a recording medium whose disk dimensions, track
pitch, and minimum pit length are respectively specified in
accordance with a standard, characterized in that
[0027] data for the specified maximum regeneration time is recorded
in a first recording area by storing first data in accordance with
the lower limit of an allowable width of the track pitch and the
lower limit of an allowable width of the minimum pit length,
and
[0028] second data is recorded in a second recording area
discontinuously from the first data.
[0029] The invention of claim 31 is a data reproducing method for
reproducing data from a data-recording medium in which a recording
area is divided into at least first and second recording areas,
first data recorded in the first recording area is unencrypted
data, at least a part of second data recorded in the second
recording area is encrypted data, compression rates of the first
data and second data are made different from each other, and
management information indicating whether the second encrypted data
is recorded, comprising the steps of:
[0030] reproducing data from a data-recording medium;
[0031] determining whether the second encrypted data is recorded in
accordance with reproduced management information; and
[0032] decoding the second encrypted data when it is determined
that the second data is recorded.
[0033] The invention of claim 35 is a data reproducing apparatus
for reproducing data from a data-recording medium in which a
recording area is divided into at least first and second recording
areas, first data recorded in the first recording area is
unencrypted data, at least a part of second data recorded in the
second recording area is encrypted data, compression rates of the
first data and second data are made different from each other, and
management information indicating whether the second encrypted data
is recorded, comprising:
[0034] reproducing means for reproducing data from the
data-recording medium;
[0035] first signal processing means for processing first data;
and
[0036] second signal processing means for processing second data;
characterized in that
[0037] it is determined in accordance with reproduced information
whether the second encrypted data is recorded and the second
encrypted data is decoded by the second signal processing means
when it is determined that the second data is recorded.
[0038] The invention of claim 36 is a data reproducing method for
reproducing data from a discoid recording medium whose disk
dimensions, track pitch, and minimum pit length are respectively
specified in accordance with a standard, which is constituted of a
first recording area allowing data for the specified maximum
regeneration time to be recorded by storing first data in
accordance with the lower limit of an allowable width of the track
pitch and the lower limit of an allowable width of the minimum pit
length and a second recording area allowing second data to be
recorded, and in which the first data and the second data are
discontinuously recorded and the management information for
designating whether the second data is stored is recorded,
comprising the steps of:
[0039] reproducing data from the discoid recording medium;
[0040] determining whether second encrypted data is recorded;
and
[0041] decoding the second encrypted data when it is determined
that the second data is recorded.
[0042] The invention of claim 40 is a data reproducing apparatus
for reproducing data from a discoid recording medium whose disk
dimensions, track pitch, and minimum pit length are respectively
specified in accordance with a standard, which is constituted of a
first recording area allowing data for the specified maximum
regeneration time to be recorded by storing first data in
accordance with the lower limit of an allowable width of the track
pitch and the lower limit of an allowable width of the minimum pit
length and a second recording area allowing second data to be
recorded, and in which the first data and the second data are
discontinuously recorded and the management information for
designating whether the second data is stored is recorded,
comprising:
[0043] reproducing means for reproducing data from a data-recording
medium;
[0044] first signal processing means for processing the first
data;
[0045] second signal processing means for processing the second
data; characterized in that
[0046] it is determined in accordance with reproduced management
information whether second encrypted data is recorded and the
second encrypted data is decoded by the second signal processing
means when it is determined that the second data is recorded.
[0047] The invention of claim 41 is a discoid recording medium
comprising at least:
[0048] a first lead-in area;
[0049] a first recording area formed at the circumferential side of
the first recording area and allowing uncompressed data to be
recorded;
[0050] a first lead-out area formed at the circumferential side of
the first recording area;
[0051] a second lead-in area formed at the circumferential side of
the first lead-out area;
[0052] a second recording area formed at the circumferential side
of the second lead-in area and allowing compressed data to be
recorded; and
[0053] a second lead-out area formed at the circumferential side of
the second recording area.
[0054] The invention of claim 53 is a reproducing apparatus of a
discoid recording medium comprising at least:
[0055] a first lead-in area, a first recording area formed at the
circumferential side of the first lead-in area and allowing
uncompressed data to be recorded, and a first lead-out area formed
at the circumferential side of the first recording area; and
[0056] a second lead-in area formed at the circumferential side of
the first lead-out area, a second recording area formed at the
circumferential side of the second lead-in area and allowing
compressed data to be recorded, and a second lead-out area formed
at the circumferential side of the second recording area,
characterized in that the first lead-in area is provided with;
[0057] a head for reading data and collateral information from the
discoid recording medium in which collateral information including
identification information showing whether the second recording
area is present and start and end addresses of the first and second
recording areas are recorded,
[0058] a first reproducing section to which an output signal is
supplied from the head to reproduce the uncompressed data read from
the first recording area of the recording medium,
[0059] a second reproducing section to which an output signal is
supplied from the head to reproducing the compressed data read from
the second recording area of the recording medium; and
[0060] a control section for changing the first reproducing section
and the second reproducing section in accordance with the
collateral information read by the head.
[0061] The invention of claim 57 is a reproducing method of a
discoid recording medium provided with at least
[0062] a first lead-in area, a first recording area formed at the
circumferential side of the first lead-in area and allowing
uncompressed data to be recorded, and a first lead-out area formed
at the circumferential side of the first recording area, and
[0063] a second lead-in area formed at the circumferential side of
the first lead-out area, a second recording area formed at the
circumferential side of the second lead-in area to store compressed
data, and a second lead-out area formed at the circumferential side
of the second recording area, characterized in that the first
lead-in area is provided with; comprising the steps of:
[0064] reading data and collateral information from the discoid
recording medium in which the identification information showing
whether the second recording area is present and collateral
information including at least start and end addresses of the first
and second recording areas are recorded in the first lead-in area
by a head; and
[0065] changing a first reproducing section to which an output
signal is supplied from the head and which reproduces the
uncompressed data read from the first recording area of the
recording medium and a second reproducing section to which an
output signal is supplied from the head and which reproduces the
compressed data read from the second recording area of the
recording medium in accordance with the collateral information read
by the head.
[0066] The invention of claim 64 is a discoid recording medium
comprising:
[0067] a first recording area in which the data of a first
compression rate in which at least first and second pieces of
copyright management information are embedded is recorded; and
[0068] a second recording area in which the data of a second
compression rate different from the first compression rate in which
at least second copyright management information is embedded is
recorded.
[0069] The invention of claim 81 is a copy control method of a
recording medium comprising the steps of:
[0070] determining whether second copyright management information
is detected from the data read from the recording medium provided
with a first recording area in which the data of a first
compression rate in which at least first and second pieces of
copyright management information are embedded is recorded and a
second recording area in which the data of a second compression
rate different from the first compression rate in which at least
second copyright management information is embedded is
recorded;
[0071] determining whether first copyright management information
is detected when the second copyright management information is
detected; and
[0072] performing copy control of the data read from the recording
medium in accordance with the first copyright management
information when it is determined that the first copyright
management information is detected.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0073] FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams for explaining a
data-recording medium of the present invention;
[0074] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining an area of a
disk of first embodiment of the present invention;
[0075] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining dimensions of a
disk in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0076] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a data format of
collateral information in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0077] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a data format of
collateral information in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0078] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
mastering apparatus that is the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0079] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a format of a frame in
the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0080] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a format of a Q
channel in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0081] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a format of a data bit
block in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0082] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a format of a data
bit block of a TOC in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0083] FIGS. 11A to 11D are schematic diagrams showing data formats
of a CD-ROM to which the present invention can be applied;
[0084] FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic diagrams showing a format
and another format of a header section in the first embodiment of
the present invention;
[0085] FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a
reproducing apparatus that is the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0086] FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining operations of a
reproducing apparatus;
[0087] FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining regeneration and
charging of a second part in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0088] FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a signal processing
circuit for generating a linear PCM signal in which a water mark is
embedded and compressed data recorded in a disk of second
embodiment of the present invention;
[0089] FIG. 17 is a schematic waveform diagram showing a state in
which a strong water mark to be embedded in a linear PCM signal and
compressed data recorded in a disk of the second embodiment of the
present invention is embedded;
[0090] FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a signal processing
circuit for extracting water marks from a linear PCM signal and
compressed data; and
[0091] FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the copy control performed in
accordance with watermarks embedded in a linear PCM signal and
compressed data.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0092] The first embodiment of the present invention is described
below. FIG. 1A shows a recording medium of the present invention
such as a disk 1. The disk 1 is an optical disk in which a
recording area is divided into two areas in the radius direction of
the disk and a first recording area (referred to as first part) PA1
and a second recording area (referred to as second part) are
formed. First content data that is unencrypted data (clear text)
such as first audio data is recorded in inner tracks of the disk 1.
Second contents data at least a part of which is encrypted such as
second audio data is recorded in the second part PA2 at outer
tracks of the disk 1. Moreover, a center hole 2 is formed at the
central portion of the disk 1.
[0093] FIG. 1B shows another disk to which the present invention is
applied. In the case of a disk 1', a program area is divided into
four areas in the radius direction and thereby, recording areas
PA1, PA2, PA3, and PA4 are formed. First unencrypted data and third
unencrypted data are recorded in the recording areas PA1 and PA3
and second encrypted data and fourth encrypted data are recorded in
the recording areas PA2 and PA 4. Though not illustrated, the
number of recording areas to be formed in the radius direction of
the disk 1 is not restricted to 4 but it is possible to select an
optional number of recording areas.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 1A, the disk 1 having two recording areas
is more minutely described below. The optical disk 1 shown in FIG.
1A is designed by considering the compatibility with a CD. FIG. 2
shows areas of the disk 1. A lead-in area LI1 is formed at the
circumference of a clamping area at the innermost side of the disk
1 and the first part PA1 is formed outside of the lead-in area LI1
as a program area and a lead-out area LO1 is formed outside of the
first part PA1. A lead-in area LI2 is formed outside of the
lead-out area LO1, the second part PA2 is formed outside of the
lead-in area LI2 as a program area, and a lead-out area LO2 is
formed outside of the second part. A mirror area is formed between
the outside of the lead-out area LO1 and the lead-in area LI2 and
linear velocities of the first part PA1 and second part PA2 are
changed at the mirror section, as described later.
[0095] FIG. 3 shows dimensions of the disk 1 which are the same as
physical dimensions of a CD. The alternate long and short dash line
in FIG. 3 shows the central position of the disk 1. As shown in
FIG. 3 by enlarging a part of the disk 1, the thickness of the disk
1 is equal to 1.2 mm. The disk 1 has a structure in which a
reflective layer 4 (40 to 80 nm) formed by sputtering aluminum or
the like, a protective layer (10 to 20 .mu.m) made of an
ultraviolet-curing resin formed to protect the reflective layer 4,
and a label layer 6 formed on the protective layer 5 through
printing are layered on a polycarbonate substrate 3. Pits
(irregularity) corresponding to data are formed on one side of the
substrate 3 and presence of absence of pits is read as the
light-quantity difference between reflected laser beams by applying
a laser beam from other side of the substrate 3 and detecting laser
beams reflected from the reflective layer 4.
[0096] The range from the position 23 mm separate from the center
of the disk 1 up to the position 25 mm separate from the center of
it is assumed as the lead-in area LI1. In the case of an existing
CD, a program area is formed outside of a lead-in area in a range
from the center of a disk up to a position 58 mm separate from the
center and a lead-out area is formed outside of the program area in
a range from the center of the disk up to a position 58.5 mm
separate from the center.
[0097] The standard (referred to as Red Book) of existing CDs
specifies that track pitch is kept at 1.6.+-.0.1 .mu.m and a linear
velocity at CLV (Constant Linear Velocity: constant) ranges between
1.2 and 1.4 m/sec. When record data uses a predetermined format,
the minimum pit length on a CD is decided by a linear velocity.
When a linear velocity is equal to 1.25 m/sec, the minimum time
width (time width when the number of 0s between 1s of a record
signal is minimum) Tim according to the EFM (Eight-to-Fourteen
Modulation) mode is equal to 3 T and the pit length corresponding
to 3 T becomes 0.87 .mu.m. The pit length corresponding to T is the
minimum pit length. The maximum regeneration time (74.4 min) of a
CD is achieved at (a track pitch of 1.6 .mu.m and a linear velocity
of 1.2 m/sec).
[0098] A digital audio signal is recorded in the first part PA1 of
the disk 1 in accordance with the signal format same as the case of
an existing CD. Audio data is recorded in the first part PA1 at the
lower limit (1.5 .mu.m) of an allowable value of a track pitch
according to the standard of CDs and the lower limit (1.2 m/sec) of
linear velocity. As a result, it is possible to record digital
audio data for the maximum regeneration time (74.7 min) according
to an existing CD format in a range from the center of the disk 1
up to a position 56.5 mm separate from the center (that is, first
part PA1). It is assumed that the range of 0.5 mm outside of the
first part PA1 in the radius direction is the lead-out area
LO1.
[0099] The lead-in area LI1, first part PA1, and lead-out area LO1
thus formed meet existing CD standards. Therefore, an existing CD
reproducing apparatus can smoothly reproduce the audio data
recorded in the first part PA1 similarly to the case of an existing
CD.
[0100] Moreover, in the range from the center of the disk 1 up to a
position 58 mm separate from the center, a range of 1 mm is left as
a recording area in the radius direction outside of the lead-out
area LO1. The lead-in area LI2 and second part PA2 are formed in
the recording area of the range of 1 mm. The lead-out area LO2 is
formed in the range of 0.5 mm outside of the second part PA2. After
all, the dimension up to the lead-out area LO2 on the disk 1 in the
radius direction becomes 58.5 mm which meets the specified
dimension of an existing DC. The dimension from the center of the
disk 1 up to the outermost side of a substrate is equal to 60 mm
(120 mm in terms of diameter).
[0101] Roughly, audio data such as a linear PCM signal of
uncompressed data is recorded in the first part PA1 in accordance
with the same format as an existing CD and compressed and encrypted
audio data is recorded in the second part PA2 at single density or
double density. The single density denotes the recording density
same as the case of an existing CD and the double density denotes a
density two times larger than the single density. The audio data
recorded in the second part PA2 is charged when audio data is
reproduced in order to protect a copyright. Data is recorded in the
second part PA2 in accordance with the format of a CD-ROM, that is,
the format of CD-ROM mode 2 form 1.
[0102] The data quantity that can be recorded in the disk 1 having
the above dimensions is described below. When assuming the maximum
allowable capacity of the first part PA1 as 74.4 min and that of
the lead-out area LO1 as 90 sec, it is possible to set the maximum
allowable capacity of the second part PA2 to 35 min (linear
velocity of 1.2 m/sec and track pitch of 1.5 .mu.m) at single
density and set the maximum allowable capacity of the second part
PA2 to 74.7 to 80 min (linear velocity of 0.87 m/sec and track
pitch of 1.1 .mu.m) through compression. That is, it is possible to
record the audio data for the time equal to the time of the data of
the first part PA1 in the second part PA2 at double density.
[0103] In the case of the disk 1 in which audio data to be charged
under regeneration is recorded in the second part PA2 while keeping
the compatibility with the above existing CD, the data same as
existing TOC (Table Of Contents) is recorded in the lead-in area
LI1 to be first reproduced when setting the disk 1 to a reproducing
apparatus and moreover, collateral pieces of information shown in
FIGS. 4 and 5 are recorded. The collateral information is encrypted
according to necessity.
[0104] The collateral information shown in FIG. 4 is used to
describe identification of presence of a plurality of parts and the
information about parts. The information 201 (4 bits) about the
total number of parts of the disk 1 is set (recorded) at the head.
In the case of the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the number of
parts is equal to 2. Then, information 202 about part numbers is
set. Normally, a part number starts with 1 and changed to 2, 3, . .
. in the ascending order.
[0105] Then, 2-bit ID1 (identification information) 203 is set
after the part numbers. The ID1 shows whether contents same as the
contents of part 1 are present in other part. Then, a part number
in which the contents same as that of the part 1 are recorded is
recorded in accordance with 4-bit data 204. If the same contents
are not recorded, data values 204 are all set to 0.
[0106] The next 2-bit ID21 (205) denotes encrypted identification
information about the part 1. That is, the ID21 (205) shows whether
the part 1 is encrypted and the type of encryption. For example,
"ID21=00" denotes unencrypted data, "ID21=01" denotes encryption by
DES (Data Encryption Standard), "ID21=10" denotes encryption by
RSA, and "ID21=11" denotes undefinedness.
[0107] A start address 206 (24 bits) showing the recording start
position of the first part PA1 and an end address 207 (24 bits)
showing the recording end position of the first part PA1 are
arranged after the ID21 (205). A notation of addresses such as the
start address 206 and end address 207 uses M (min), S (second), and
F (frame) by BCD similarly to the case of an existing CD. It is
permitted to use binary notation other than M, S, and F for the
notation of the end address 207 or the like in the case of data
other than a CD format.
[0108] A part number 208 of the next part (second part) is set
after the end address 207 of the first part PA1. Thereafter, ID22
(209) serving as encrypted identification information about the
second part AP2 and the start address 210 (24 bits) of the second
part, and the end address 211 (24 bits) of the second part are
arranged. Hereafter, when there are three parts or more, the part
number of each part, encrypted identification information, a start
address, and an end address are arranged in order. An address
showing the recording position of each part shows the head position
of the program area of each part or the head position of the
lead-in area of each part.
[0109] FIG. 5 shows a data configuration of the collateral
information about charging recorded in the lead-in area LI1. A
fixed value (fixed code) 301 is located at the head of the
collateral information. The fixed value 301 is a one-byte (8 bits)
fixed code such as "11110000". The fixed value 301 shows that the
following data is collateral information. Data values following the
fixed value 301 are described below in order.
[0110] The total number of 8-bit contents 302 shows the total
number of contents in the disk 1. Therefore, a contents number 303
(8 bits) are arranged (recorded). The contents number 303 shows the
sequence in the total number and the first contents #1 are first
arranged. The unit of 256 bits starting with the contents number
303 shows the collateral information about #1.
[0111] The tile 304 (128 bits) of the contents with the contents
number 303 is set after the contents number 303. The title 304 is
used to describe a title name and an ISRC (International Standard
Recording Code) (copyright code). A language and a code for
describing the title name are previously specified. Four-bit flags
FLG1 (305), FLG2 (306), FLG3 (307), and FLG4 (308) are arranged
after the contents title 304.
[0112] The flag FLG1 (305) shows presence or absence of a
copyright. In the case of contents having no copyright, FLG1 is set
to 0000. An example having no copyright is the contents whose
copyright is nullified. The flag FLG2 (306) shows presence or
absence of encryption. In the case of contents that are not
encrypted, FLG2 is set to 0000. In general, contents having no
copyright are not encrypted. The flag FLG3 (307) shows whether
contents are contents for promotion. In the case of the contents
for promotion, FLG3 is set to 0000. The flag FLG4 (308) shows
whether contents are personal original contents. In the case of
personal original contents, FLG4 is set to 0000.
[0113] The information about charging is set after the above flags
FLG1 to FLG4. To determine whether contents are contents to be
charged, it is known that the contents not to be charged if the
contents have one (0000) of the flags FLG1 to FLG4. The information
about charging is constituted of an 8-bit charging type 309 and a
96-bit charging condition 310. The charging type 309 is the
information for distinguishing between purchase type, cross type,
and frequency type. The charging condition 310 is data showing the
information of a charging condition for each charging type.
[0114] For example, when the charging type 309 is the purchase
type, the data recorded in the second part PA2, that is, the data
for a purchase price of contents data is set (or recorded) as the
charging condition 310. When the charging type 309 restricts the
cross-type regeneration frequency, the data of the regeneration
frequency of the above contents data is set as the charging
condition 310. When the charging type 309 restricts the cross-type
regeneration period, the data for the regeneration period (one day,
one week, or one month) of the above contents data is set as the
charging condition 310. When the charging type 309 is the frequency
type, the data for frequency (1-yen for two minutes, 1-yen per min.
1-yen for 30 sec, . . . ) is set as the charging condition 310.
Moreover, even in the case of contents data to be charged, it is
possible to set a condition when the contents can be looked and
listened as the charging condition 310.
[0115] The information about the next contents (contents number #2)
is set after the information (256 bits) about the above contents
number #1. The configuration of the information about the contents
number #2 has the same data arrangement as the case of the
information about the above contents number #1. Subsequently, the
information about all contents in the disk 1 is recorded.
[0116] It is also permitted to record some of the collateral
information shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 also in the lead-in area LI2 of
the second part PA2. Moreover, it is permitted to raise the
resistance of collateral information against errors by repeatedly
recording the collateral information in the lead-in area LI1.
[0117] A recording apparatus of the disk 1, that is, a mastering
apparatus 10 is described below by referring to FIG. 6. As shown in
FIG. 6, the mastering apparatus 10 is provided with a light source
11 which is a gas laser such as Ar-ion laser, He--Cd laser, or
Kr-ion laser, an acoustooptic-effect optical modulator 12 for
modulating (turning on/off) a laser beam emitted from the light
source 11 in accordance with a signal output from a CD signal
generator 15, and an optical pickup having an objective lens or the
like for condensing a laser beam passing through the optical
modulator 12 and applying the laser beam to the photoresist surface
of a discoid glass master 19 to which photoresist serving as a
photosensitive material is applied.
[0118] A servo circuit 14 is provided which controls the optical
pickup 13 so as to keep the distance from the glass master 19
constant and controls the rotation driving operation of a spindle
motor 18. Data is recorded at a track pitch of 1.5 .mu.m by a laser
beam emitted from the optical pickup 13 and the glass master 19 is
rotated so that it has a linear velocity of 1.2 m/sec. The CD
signal generator 15 generates a record signal according to the CD
standard recorded in the glass master 19 in accordance with main
data passing through a selector 16 and a subcode supplied from a
subcode generator 17 and the optical modulator 12 is turned on/off
in accordance with the record signal. The glass master 19 is
rotated so that it has the above linear velocity by the spindle
motor 18. The spindle motor 18 is rotated so that it has a linear
velocity of 1.2 m/sec when cutting the area of the first part PA1
of the disk 1 and rotated so that it has a linear velocity of 0.87
m/sec when cutting the area of the second part PA2. In this case,
feed rates of the optical pickup 13 are changed so that the track
pitch becomes 1.1 .mu.m. The motor 18 is changed by a
not-illustrated controller in accordance with an output sent from a
not-illustrated position detector for detecting the position of the
optical pickup 13.
[0119] The mastering apparatus 10 modulates a laser beam emitted
from the light source 11 in accordance with a record signal
generated by the CD signal generator 15. The mastering apparatus 10
produces a master in which the data according to the CD standard is
recorded by applying the modulated laser beam to the photoresist
surface of the glass master 19.
[0120] The CD signal generator 15 converts the main data passing
through the selector 16 and a subcode supplied from the subcode
generator 17 to the data based on the CD standard. That is, 16 bits
of one sample or one word is divided into high-order 8 bits and
low-order 8 bits and respectively used as a symbol, error
correction encoding or scrambling for adding error-correction
parity data by a CIRC (Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Code) is
applied to the data in these symbols and moreover, modulated in
accordance with the EFM (Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation) mode.
[0121] The selector 16 changes the data recorded in the first part
PA1 and the data recorded in the second part PA2. To record data in
the first part PA1, the selector 16 selects an input terminal a so
as to select linear audio from an input terminal 18. To record data
in the second part PA2, the selector 16 selects an input terminal b
so as to select the data sent from an adder 24. Though not
illustrated, the selector 16 is controlled by a controller for
controlling the whole of the mastering apparatus 10.
[0122] Audio data recorded in the second part PA2 is supplied to an
input terminal 19. The audio data is supplied to an
compression-encoding encoder 20 and compression-encoded. For
compression encoding, it is possible to use AAC (Advanced Audio
Coding) of MPEG2 (Moving Picture Experts Group Phase 2), MP3 (MPEG1
Audio Layer III), ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding), or
ATRAC3. The ATRAC3 realizes a higher compression rate (approx.
1/11) by improving the ATRAC used for the above-described MD. When
a plurality of types of compression encoding can be performed, it
is permitted to record the information showing types of compression
encoding in the collateral information shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0123] Output data of the compression-encoding encoder 20 is
supplied to an encryption circuit 21. The encryption circuit 21
performs encryption according to DES or RSA. Output data of the
encryption circuit 21 is supplied to a CD-ROM encoder 23. The
CD-ROM encoder 23 converts a data format recorded in the second
part PA2 to the data format of a CD-ROM.
[0124] Output data of the CD-ROM encoder 23 is supplied to an adder
24. Outputs of an encryption circuit 25 are supplied to the adder
24. Collateral information sent from the input terminal 22 is
supplied to the encryption circuit 25. As explained with reference
to FIGS. 4 and 5, the collateral information includes the
information about parts and the information about charging and is
different from a subcode of an existing CD generated by the subcode
generator 17. The encryption circuit 25 encrypts collateral
information. It is also permitted to input the collateral
information to the encryption circuit 21 through the path shown by
a broken line to perform encryption common to audio data input from
the input terminal 19. By developing the glass master 19 in which
data is recorded by the above mastering apparatus 10 and
electrocasting the master 19, a metal master is produced and then,
a mother disk is produced from the metal master, and then a stamper
is produced from the mother disk. The substrate 3 of the disk 1 is
manufactured by using the stamper and a transparent synthetic resin
in accordance with a method such as compression molding or
injection molding. A reflective layer 4 and a protective layer 5
are formed on the face to which the irregularity of the stamper of
the substrate 3 of the disk 1 and a label 6 is provided on the
protective layer 5, and thereby the disk 1 is completed.
[0125] Signals recorded in parts are described below. FIG. 7 shows
the data configuration of one frame of a CD signal. The data
recorded in the first part PA1 is based on the CD standard. In the
case of a CD, a parity Q and a parity P of four symbols are
respectively formed from the total of 12 samples (24 symbols) of
the digital audio data of 2 channels. Thirty-three symbols (264
data bits) obtained by adding one symbol of a subcode to the total
of 32 symbols are handles as one group. That is, one frame after
modulated includes 33 symbols comprising a subcode, data of 24
symbols, Q parity of 4 symbols, and P parity of 4 symbols.
[0126] In the case of EFM modulation, each symbol (8 data bits) is
converted to 14 channel bits. Three connection bits are arranged
between 14 channel bits. Moreover, a frame sync pattern is added to
the head of a frame. The frame sync pattern is a pattern in which
11 T, 11 T, and 2 T continue when assuming the cycle of a channel
bit as T. Because the above pattern does not occur when conforming
to the EFM modulation rule, frame sync can be detected by a unique
pattern. One frame comprises the total of 588 channel bits.
[0127] A group of 98 frames same as the above frame is referred to
as a subcode frame. A subcode frame obtained by rearranging the 98
frames so as to continue in the longitudinal direction comprises a
frame synch part for identifying the head of the subcode frame, a
subcode part, and a data-and-parity part. The subcode frame
corresponds to {fraction (1/75)} sec of the normal CD regeneration
time.
[0128] A subcode generated by the above subcode generator 17 is
recorded in the subcode part. The subcode part is constituted of 98
frames. The first two frames in the subcode part respectively serve
as a subcode-frame sync pattern and also an EFM out-of-rule
pattern. Bits in the subcode part constitute P, Q, R, S, T, U, and
W channels.
[0129] The R channel or W channel is used for a special purpose
such as a static image or character indication of karaoke. The P
channel and Q channel are used for the track-position control
operation of an optical pickup under regeneration of the digital
data recorded in a disk.
[0130] The P channel is used only to record a signal set to "0" in
the so-called lead-in area located at an inner track of a disk and
a signal to be repeatedly set to "0" and "1" at a predetermined
cycle in the so-called lead-out area located at an outer track of
the disk. Moreover, the P channel is used only to record a signal
set to "1" at a portion between melodies and to "0" at a portion
other than the above portion in a program area located between
lead-in and lead-out areas of a disk. This P channel is provided to
search the head of each melody under regeneration of the digital
audio data recorded in a CD.
[0131] The Q channel is provided to realize more-minute control
under regeneration of the digital audio data recorded in a CD. As
shown in FIG. 8, one subcode frame of the Q" channel is constituted
of a sync bit part 51, a control bit part 52, an address bit part
53, a data bit part 54, and a CRC bit part 55.
[0132] The sync bit part 51 comprises two-bit data, in which a part
of the above sync pattern is recorded. The control bit part 52
comprises four-bit data, in which the data for identifying the
number of audio channels, emphasis, and digital data. The four-bit
data denotes two-channel audio with no pre-emphasis when the data
is set to "0000", denotes four-channel audio with no pre-emphasis
when the data is set to "1000", denotes two-channel audio with
pre-emphasis when the data is set to "0001", and denotes
four-channel audio with pre-emphasis when the data is set to
"1001". The four-bit data denotes a data track not audio when the
data is set to "0100". The address bit part 53 comprises four-bit
data, in which control signals showing the format of and the type
of the data in the data bit part 54 to be mentioned later are
recorded. The CRC bit part 55 comprises 16-bit data, in which the
data for detecting an error of a cyclic code (Cyclic Redundancy
Check Code) is recorded.
[0133] The data bit part 54 comprises 72-bit data. As shown in FIG.
9, when the four-bit data of the address bit part 53 is set to
"0001", the data bit part 54 is constituted of a track number part
(TNO) 61, an index part (INDEX) 62, an elapsed-time minute
component part (MIN) 63, an elapsed-time second component part
(SEC) 64, an elapsed-time frame number part (FRAME) 65, a zero part
(zero) 66, an absolute-time component part (AMIN) 67, an
absolute-time second component part (ASEC) 68, and an absolute-time
frame number part (AFRAME) 69. These parts respectively comprise
8-bit data.
[0134] the track number part (TNO) 61 is shown in accordance with
two-digit binary coded decimal (BCD). The track number part (TNO)
61 shows the number for a lead-in track serving as a track for
starting reading of data at "00" and shows a track number
corresponding to the number for each melody or movement at "01" or
"99". The track number part (TNO) 61 shows the number for a
lead-out track serving as a track for ending reading of data at
"AA" of hexadecimal notation.
[0135] The index part (INDEX) 62 is shown in accordance with
two-digit BCD, which shows temporary stop, that is, the so-called
pause at "00" and shows a track of each melody or movement further
fractionated at "01" or "99".
[0136] The elapsed-time minute component part (MIN) 63,
elapsed-time second component part (SEC) 64, and elapsed-time frame
number part (FRAME) 65 are respectively shown in accordance with
two-digit BCD, which respectively show an elapsed time in each
melody or movement at the total of 6 digits. In the case of the
zero part (ZERO) 66, "0" is provided to all of 8 bits.
[0137] The absolute-time component part (AMIN) 67, absolute-time
second component part (ASEC) 68, and absolute-time frame number
part (AFRAME) 69 are respectively shown in accordance with
two-digit BCD, which respectively show the elapsed time (ATIME)
since the first melody at the total of 6 digits.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 10, the data bit part 54 in a TOC (Table of
Contents) in the lead-in area of a disk is constituted of a track
number part (TNO) 71, a point part (POINT) 72, an elapsed-time
minute component part (MIN) 73, an elapsed-time second component
part (SEC) 74, an elapsed-time frame number part (FRAME) 75, a zero
part (ZERO) 76, an absolute-time minute component part (PMIN) 77,
an absolute-time second component part (PSEC) 78, and an
absolute-time frame number part (PFRAME) 79, and these parts
respectively comprise 8-bit data.
[0139] The track number part (TNO) 71, elapsed-time minute
component part (MIN) 73, elapsed-time second component part (SEC)
74, and elapsed-time frame number part (FRAME) 75 are all fixed to
"00" of hexadecimal notation. In the case of the zero part (ZERO)
76, "0" is provided to all of 8 bits similarly to the case of the
above zero part (ZERO) 66.
[0140] The absolute-time minute component part (PMIN) 77 shows the
first melody number or movement when the point part (POINT) 72 is
set to "A0" of hexadecimal notation and shows the first melody
number or movement number when the point part (POINT) 72 is set to
"A1" of hexadecimal notation. When the, point part (POINT) 72 is
set to "A2" of hexadecimal notation, the absolute-time minute
component part (PMIN) 77, absolute-time second component part
(PSEC) 78, and absolute-time frame number part (PFRAME) 79
respectively show an absolute time (PTIME) at which a lead-out area
begins. When the point part (POINT) 72 is shown in accordance with
two-digit BCD, the absolute-time minute component (PMIN) 77,
absolute-time second component part (PSEC) 78, and absolute-time
frame number part (PFRAME) 79 respectively serve as an address
starting with each melody or movement shown by the value of each
part in terms of an absolute time (PTIME).
[0141] Thus, the Q channel stores time information in which the
program area and lead-in area of the disk 1 are respectively shown
by 24 bits though the both areas are slightly different from each
other in format.
[0142] Then, a CD-ROM data format (specified in accordance with the
standard referred to as Yellow Book) applied to the data to be
recorded in the second part PA2 is described below. In the case of
a CD-ROM, 2,352 bytes that are the data included in 98 frames of
one cycle of a subcode are used as access unit. The access unit is
also referred to as block or sector. The length of each of the
above frames is equal to {fraction (1/75)} sec that is equal to
that of the CD subcode frame described above. The CD-ROM has mode
0, mode 1, mode 2 (form 1), and mode 2 (form 2) and the data format
of the CD-ROM slightly differs in modes as shown in FIGS. 11A to
11D.
[0143] That is, the data format in the mode 0 is formed by a data
part of 2,336 bytes which are all set to "0" though not
illustrated. The mode 0 is used for a dummy block when equalizing
lead-in and lead-out areas with the structure of a CD-ROM.
[0144] As shown in FIG. 11A, the data format in the mode 1 is
formed by a sync part of 12 bytes storing a signal for classifying
frames, a header part of 4 bytes to be described later, a user data
part of 2,048 bytes (2 KB) serving as purposed information, and a
spare data part of 288 bytes storing error detection and correction
codes. The mode 1 is obtained by improving the error correction
capacity by the spare data part, which is suited to record the data
requiring reliability such as character codes or computer data.
[0145] As shown in FIG. 11B, the data format in the mode 2 is
formed by a sync part of 12 bytes storing a signal for classifying
frames, a header part of 4 bytes, and a user data part of 2,336
bytes serving as purposed information. The mode 2 allows all areas
after the header part to be used as a user data part though the
mode 2 does not include an additional error correction code, which
is suited to mainly record the data whose errors can be corrected
through interpolation.
[0146] As shown in FIG. 11C, the data format in the mode 2 (form 1)
is formed by a sync part of 12 bytes storing a signal for
classifying frames, a hear part of 4 bytes, a subheader part of 8
bytes, a user data part of 2,336 bytes serving as purposed
information, and a spare data part of 280 bytes.
[0147] As shown in FIG. 11D, the data format in the mode 2 (form 2)
is formed by a sync part of 12 bytes storing a signal for
classifying frames, a header part of 4 bytes, a subhearder part of
8 bytes, a user data part of 2,324 bytes serving as purposed
information, and an EDC (Error Detection Code) part of 4 bytes.
[0148] The subheader part of each of the mode 2 (form 1) and mode 2
(form 2) comprises a final number, a channel number, a submode,
coding information, a final number, a channel number, a submode,
and coding information which are respectively constituted of one
byte.
[0149] In the case of the disk 1 of the present invention, the data
to be recorded in the second part PA2 has a CD-ROM format. In this
case, it is possible to use any one of a plurality of modes shown
In FIGS. 11A to 11D as the mode of the CD-ROM format. Because audio
data is recorded, the format of the mode 1 shown in FIG. 11A is
used. The CR-ROM has a data transfer rate of 150 KB/sec.
[0150] The header part of an existing CD-ROM has the structure
shown in FIG. 12A independently of a mode. That is, the header part
is constituted of an absolute address part (ADDRESS) comprising 24
bits showing an absolute address of a frame by time information
such as minute (MIN), second (SEC), and a frame number (FRAME) and
a mode part (MODE) comprising 8 bits showing the above mode.
[0151] The absolute address part (ADDRESS) is constituted of an
absolute address minute component part (MIN), an absolute address
second component part (SEC), and an absolute address frame number
component part (FRAME). These parts are respectively comprises 8
bits. The absolute address part (ADDRESS) is equivalent to the time
information of the Q channel of the subcode of the above CD-DA
(one-to-one correspondence), in which the absolute address minute
component part (MIN), absolute address second component part,
(SEC), and absolute address frame number component part (FRAME) are
respectively shown by two-digit BCD.
[0152] The CD-ROM is also provided with the above subcode part
separately though not illustrated and an absolute address shown by
the above "MIN", "SEC", and "FRAME" is recorded in the Q
channel.
[0153] As the address notation of the CD-ROM format of the data
recorded in the second part PA2, it is also permitted to use the
binary notation shown in FIG. 12 in addition to the notation shown
in FIG. 12A. That is, all areas of "MIN", "SEC", and "FRAME" of
"header part" are shown by binary notation of 24 bits. When showing
an address by a 24-bit binary number, 224 is equal to 16777216.
Therefore, when assuming the data quantity of one frame as 2 KB, it
is possible to show the access of data up to approx. 33 GB and
correspond to a high density. When recording data in the second
part PA2 at double density, it is preferable to use binary
notation.
[0154] It is possible to discriminate between address information
shown in accordance with BCD and an address shown in accordance
with a binary number by predetermined one bit of 24 bits or a
plurality of bits. For example, it is possible to use the most
significant bit of 24 bits for discrimination. Discrimination can
be performed by using a specific bit or a plurality of bits in
addition to the most significant bit. Moreover, discrimination can
be performed by using that the way of address change differs in
time information and binary number. It is possible to determine the
type of a disk through discrimination of the difference between
address notations.
[0155] It is described that the time information in the Q channel
of a subcode in CD-ROM data is the same as the case of a CD format.
It is possible to show time information longer than existing one by
locally correcting the time information of a subcode. That is, zero
parts (ZERO) 66 and 76 in each of which 8 bits are all set to "0"
are present in the time information of the subcode. By using the
zero parts 66 and 76, it is possible to extend the time
information. For example, information of time (HOUR) is recorded by
using 8 bits and 8 bits of the zero parts 66 and 76 or low-order 4
bits and 4 bits of them. Or, 8 bits and 8 bits of the zero parts 66
and 76 or low-order 4 bits and 4 bits of them are used for notation
of the place of 100 of a minute. Thus, the time information in the
subcode can correspond to high density.
[0156] Then, a disk reproducing apparatus is described below by
referring to FIG. 13, which reproduces the disk 1 storing audio
data which is generated in accordance with a master recorded by the
mastering apparatus 10, in which a linear PCM signal is recorded in
the first part PA1 and compression-encoded and encrypted in the
second part PA2 in accordance with a CD format.
[0157] In FIG. 13, the disk 1 is rotated by a spindle motor 81 at a
constant linear velocity and a signal is read from the disk 1 by an
optical pickup 82. The optical pickup 82 is constituted of a
semiconductor laser for applying a laser beam to the disk 1, an
optical system such as an objective lens, a detector for detecting
the light returned from the disk 1, and a focusing and tracking
mechanism for driving the objective lens in focusing and tracking
directions. Moreover, the optical pickup 82 is moved in the radius
direction of the disk 1 by a not-illustrated thread mechanism. The
spindle motor 81 is rotation-controlled so that the disk 1 has a
linear velocity of 1.2 m/sec in accordance with the CD standard
while the optical pickup 82 scans the first part PA1 by a CPU 93 to
be described later and rotated so that the linear velocity becomes
0.87 m/sec while the pickup 82 scans the second part PA2 of the
disk 1. Linear velocities are changed by the CPU 93 while the
pickup 82 scans a mirror part between the lead-out area LO1 and
lead-in area LI2.
[0158] Signals output from tetrameric detectors of the optical
pickup 82 are supplied to a RF amplifier 83. The RF amplifier 83
generates a regenerative (RF) signal, a focusing-error signal, a
tracking-error signal by computing signals output from the
tetrameric detectors. The regenerative signal is supplied to an EFM
demodulation circuit 84 and the focusing-error signal and
tracking-error signal are supplied to a servo circuit 91.
[0159] The servo circuit 91 controls rotation of the spindle motor
81 in accordance with a regenerative clock of a RF signal and
drives the above focusing-and-tracking mechanism in accordance with
the focusing-error signal and tracking-error signal supplied from
the RF amplifier 83 to perform focusing servo and tracking servo of
the optical pickup 82. The EFM demodulation circuit 84 applies EFM
demodulation to a RF signal supplied from the RF amplifier 83. The
EFM demodulation circuit 84 outputs demodulated data in accordance
with the supplied RF signal and separates subcode data from the RF
signal to output the signal. The subcode data is supplied to a
subcode demodulator 92. The subcode data demodulated by the subcode
demodulator 92 is supplied to the servo circuit 91 and CPU 93.
[0160] The CPU 93 is constituted of a microcomputer or the like and
has the function of a system controller for controlling the whole
operation of a reproducing apparatus. An operating part 94 and a
display part 95 are used in connection with the CPU 93. The
operating part 94 is provided with an operation key similarly to
the case of a normal CD reproducing apparatus and moreover, a key
for designating the regeneration of the first part PA1/second part
PA2. When the servo circuit 91 is controlled by the CPU 93,
operations of the reproducing apparatus and the access operation to
the disk 1 are controlled. The CPU 93 generates the information to
be displayed on the display part 91 in accordance with the
information of a subcode. Moreover, the CPU 93 controls the
charging to be described later. The CPU 93 determines in accordance
with subcode data supplied from the subcode demodulator 92 whether
the pickup 82 scans the first part PA1 or second part PA2 of the
disk 1 and supplies a control signal to the servo circuit 91 so as
to control the rotation of the spindle motor 82.
[0161] Demodulated data of the EFM demodulator 84 is supplied to a
CIRC error correction circuit part 85. The CIRC error correction
part 85 performs error correction in accordance with a CIRC. The
CIRC error correction part 85 is constituted of a C1 error
correction part for correcting C1-series errors, a deinterleaving
part for deinterleaving the data whose errors are corrected by the
C1 error correction part, and a C2 error correction part for
applying C2-series error correction to the deinterleaved data. A
RAM 86 is used which serves as a buffer when the CIRC error
correction part 85 corrects errors.
[0162] An output of the CIRC error correction part 85 is supplied
to an input terminal of a switching unit 87. The switching unit 87
has output terminals 87a and 87b and the switching operation of the
unit 87 is controlled by the CPU 93. Pieces of collateral
information shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 recorded in the lead-in area LI1
are read in the CPU 93 when the disk 1 is set. The CPU 93 generates
a signal for controlling the switching unit 87 by referring to a
user-designated input by the operating part 94 and the read
information.
[0163] To reproduce the first part PA1 of the disk 1, that is, to
reproduce the first part PA1 when a user operates a key of the
operating part 94, the CPU 93 controls the switching unit 87 so
that the switching unit 87 selects the output terminal 87a. To
reproduce the second part PA2 by operating a key of the operating
part 94, the CPU 93 controls the switching unit 87 so that the unit
87 selects the output terminal 87b. An interpolation part 88 is
connected to the output terminal 87a. The interpolation part 88
interpolates the data whose errors cannot be corrected by the CIRC
error correction part 85. An output of the interpolation part 88 is
fetched as a digital output and supplied to a D-A
(digital-to-analog) conversion part 89, and an analog audio signal
is output from the D-A conversion part 89. The output analog audio
signal is reproduced by a loudspeaker or headphone through an
amplifier. For example, when the optical pickup 82 scans the first
part PA1 and reaches the lead-out area LO1, regeneration of the
first part PA1 is stopped, the optical pickup 82 returns to the
initial position and becomes a standby state. Moreover, when the
optical pickup scans the second part PA2 and reaches the lead-out
area LO2, regeneration of the second part PA2 is stopped, and the
pickup 82 returns to the initial position and becomes a standby
state.
[0164] A CD-ROM decoder 101 is connected to the output terminal 87b
of the switching unit 87. The CD-ROM decoder 101 decomposes the
CD-ROM format, detects and corrects errors, and separates the data
recorded as user data. The separated data is supplied to a cipher
demodulation part 102. A charging part 105 is used in connection
with the demodulation part 102.
[0165] In the case of this embodiment, a case of using the DES is
described as an encryption mode. The DES is one of block ciphers
for performing cipher conversion every block. The DES applies
cipher conversion to a 64-bit input by using a key of 64 bits (key
of 56 bits and parity of 8 bits) to output 64 bits. It is also
permitted to use encryption other than the DES. Though the DES is a
common key mode using the same key data for encryption and
demodulation, it is also permitted to use a RSA cipher that is one
of public key ciphers using key data values different from each
other in encryption and demodulation. Key data is supplied to a
disk reproducing apparatus when the approval of a formal user or a
registered user is effectuated by a host computer.
[0166] The charging part 105 performs charging in accordance with a
predetermined condition when reproducing the audio data to be
charged in accordance with the control by the CPU 93. Though
charging will be described later, prepaid data is stored in a
nonvolatile memory of the charging part 105 so that the prepaid
data is reduced whenever the data is reproduced. An output of the
demodulation part 102 is supplied to an extension (demodulation)
part 103 for compression encoding and compression encoding is
demodulated. An output of the extension part 103 is supplied to a
D-A conversion part 104 and an analog audio signal of the second
part PA2 is output.
[0167] Moreover, an output of the demodulation part 102 is fetched
as a compressed digital audio output. For example, when audio
contents of the first part PA1 are the same as audio contents of
the second part PA2, it is possible to use the compressed digital
audio output for dubbing. Because the output is compressed, it is
possible to perform the dubbing in a very short time. Furthermore,
input data of the demodulation part 102 is encrypted and output
while compressed. The encrypted output is used when it is copied to
other medium or transferred through a network. The output-encrypted
output includes collateral information and audio data.
[0168] It is preferable that the above demodulation part 102,
extension part 103, and charging part 105 are constituted as a
one-chip IC and provided with the so-called tamper resistant
configuration. That is, an IC in which the demodulation part 102,
extension part 103, and charging part 105 are formed into one chip
has a configuration in which contents of the IC cannot be known
from the outside or cannot be altered.
[0169] Charging includes various types as described above. Charging
is roughly divided into the purchase type, the type of charging a
looking-listening fee in gross, and the frequency type for charging
a looking-listening fee whenever demodulating a cipher by a secure
decoder. The purchase type is a type in which contents data is once
purchased and thereafter, regeneration of the data is not charged.
The type of charging a looking-listening fee in gross includes the
monthly type of collectively paying the looking-listening fee of
content data, and the type of limiting a looking-listening
time.
[0170] The frequency type of charging a looking-listening fee
whenever demodulating a cipher by a secure decoder can include
several modes. The first mode subtracts an amount of money or
frequency from a preset amount of money (prepaid card or electronic
money) whenever reproducing contents data. When a balance or a
remaining frequency is insufficient, it is impossible to reproduce
content data. In the case of the second mode, an amount of money or
a frequency is added whenever reproducing content data. A fee
corresponding to an accumulated amount of money or accumulated
frequency is paid in months later. When an accumulated amount of
money or an accumulated frequency reaches a preset amount money or
frequency, it is impossible to reproduce content data. In the case
of the third mode, a frequency or an amount of money is added or
subtracted in accordance with the regeneration time of content
data. As described for the second mode, deferred payment can be
applied to payment of a fee in addition to advance payment.
[0171] It is permitted that an amount of money or a frequency is
constant or weighted in accordance with the type or content of
content data. Charging is performed correspondingly to one title of
contents (one melody for music) or a plurality of titles of
contents (album for music).
[0172] Moreover, as a method for defining regeneration of contents,
it is permitted to assume that regeneration is performed when
reproducing the whole contents or regeneration is performed when
the regeneration time of contents is a predetermined time or more.
Furthermore, regeneration of contents for promotion to accelerate
spread and circulation is not charged. Even in the case of contents
to be charged, it is permitted that regeneration of the head part
of contents such as regeneration of contents for 10 sec from the
head is made free or regeneration of only a highlighted part of
contents is made free. Thus, when contents to be charged for
regeneration and contents whose regeneration is free are mixed,
charging and free cases are discriminated in accordance with the
collateral-information charging condition 310.
[0173] FIG. 14 is a flowchart for schematically explaining the
reproducing operation of the disk reproducing apparatus shown in
FIG. 13 above described. In first step S11, when the disk 1 is set,
the information recorded in the lead-in area LI1 is read in a
memory of the CPU 93 in step S12. That is, TOC same as that of an
existing CD and collateral information shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are
read in the CPU 93. The processing in step S12 is also performed
when turning on the power supply of a reproducing apparatus while
the disk 1 is set.
[0174] In step S13, it is determined whether to reproduce the first
part PA1 of the disk 1. For example, when a user operates the
operating part 94, regeneration of the first part PA1 or second
part PA2 is designated. When it is determined that regeneration of
the first part PA1 or second part PA2 is designated, the first part
PA1 of the disk 1 is reproduced in step S14. Regeneration of the
first part PA1 is the same as the case of an existing CD
reproducing apparatus but its details are omitted. It is determined
in step S16 whether the regeneration is completed. When it is
determined that the regeneration is not completed, processing
returns to step S13. When it is determined in step S16 that the
regeneration is completed, the regeneration ends.
[0175] In step S13, it is determined that the first part PA1 is not
reproduced, it is regarded that the second part PA2 is reproduced
and step S15 is started. Regeneration of the second part PA2 will
be described later. It is determined in step S16 whether
regeneration of the second part PA2 is completed. When regeneration
of the second part PA2 is not completed, processing returns to step
S13 and the regeneration ends when it is determined that the
regeneration of the second part PA2 is completed.
[0176] Because the disk 1 meets the CD standard, it is also
possible to perform regeneration not only-by the disk reproducing
apparatus shown in FIG. 13 but also by an existing CD reproducing
apparatus. In this case, however, only audio data of the first part
PA1 of the disk 1 can be reproduced.
[0177] FIG. 15 shows regeneration (step S15) of the second part PA2
in detail. In step S21, data of the second part PA2 is accessed.
Because the CPU 93can detect the position of the second part PA2 in
accordance with the collateral information read when the disk 1 is
set, the optical pickup 82 is moved in the radius direction of the
disk 1 when the CPU 93 designates regeneration of the second part
PA2 and thereby, it is possible to access the head position of the
lead-in area LI2 before the second part PA2. In this case, the
motor 81 is rotation-controlled by the CPU 93 so that the disk 1 is
rotated at the linear velocity of the second part PA2 such as 0.87
m/sec.
[0178] It is determined in step S22 whether the data recorded in
the second part PA2 is encrypted data. When it is determined that
the data is not encrypted data, the audio data recorded in the
second part PA2 is determined as contents requiring no charging. In
step S23, it is determined whether the data recorded in the second
part PA2 should be reproduced or copied. In the case of
regeneration of the data recorded in the second part PA2, the data
is reproduced in step S24 free of charge. In the case of copying of
the data, the data is copied in step 25 free of charge.
[0179] When it is determined in step S22 that the data recorded in
the second part PA2 is encrypted data, it is determined in step S26
whether the data has almost the same contents as the contents
recorded in the first part PA1 by referring to collateral
information. When it is determined in step S26 that the data
recorded in the second part PA2 is almost the digital signal, that
is, almost the same contents recorded in the first part PA1, it is
determined in step S27 whether the data recorded in the second part
PA2 should be reproduced or copied. In the case of regeneration of
the data, that is, the contents, the encrypted data in the second
part PA2 is demodulated in step S28 and the data in the second part
PA2 is reproduced free of charge in step S29. That is, because the
royalty for the audio contents as the data recorded in the first
part PA1 is already paid, it is not charged to reproduce the data
in the second part almost the same as the data recorded in the
first part PA1. In this case, the expression "almost the same" is
used because the data recorded in the second part PA2 is compressed
and/or encrypted compared to the data in the first part PA1. When
copying is determined in step S27, the data recorded in the second
part PA2 is charged and copied in step S30. Charged copying in step
S30 represents copying of an encrypted and compression-encoded
digital output.
[0180] When it is determined in accordance with collateral
information in step S26 that the data serving as the contents
recorded in the second part is not almost the same as the data
serving as the contents recorded in the first part PA1, it is
determined in step S31 whether the data in the second part PA2
should be reproduced or copied. When copying is determined in step
S31, a user reproduces the data in step S32, it is displayed on the
display part 95 in FIG. 13 whether to comply with charging, and the
user operates the key of the operating part 94 to select yes or no.
A charging condition is displayed on the display part 95 according
to necessity and the user decides whether to comply with charging
in accordance with the shown condition. For example, charging
conditions including a data purchase condition and a message for
inquiry are displayed n the display part 95. The user answers by
operating the operating part 94 in accordance with the contents
displayed on the display part 95.
[0181] When the user complies with charging in step S32, the
encrypted data recorded in the second part PA2 is demodulated in
step S33 and the data serving as the audio contents in the second
part PA2 is reproduced. For example, by reproducing the data
recorded in the second part PA2 once in step S33, the frequency of
prepaid data is charged by "-1". If the user does not comply with
charging in step S32, regeneration of the data in the second part
PA2 is inhibited in step S34. When it is determined in step S31
that the data recorded in the second part PA2 should be copied,
copying for charging is performed in step S35. The copying for
charging performed in step S35 represents copying of encrypted and
compression-encoded data.
[0182] Regeneration (charging) of the second part PA2 in FIG. 15
shows a case of operations but it is possible to perform any other
processing in accordance with a charging condition. For example, it
is permitted to perform the processing for inquiring of the user
about whether to purchase the data in the second part PA2.
Moreover, it is permitted to set a step for a user (or a disk
reproducing apparatus) to confirm whether charging is possible in
the flowchart shown in FIG. 15 and if the balance of prepaid data
set in the user or reproducing apparatus is insufficient, to
perform the processing for requesting the user to replenish the
prepaid data. In this case, it is possible to replenish the prepaid
data on-line with a bank or service center through a network or by
using an exclusive charger. Moreover, when a charging condition is
specified by the regeneration time or regeneration period of the
data recorded in the second part PA2, it is also permitted to start
a timer when charging regeneration is performed, use the elapse of
the regeneration time of the data recorded in the second part PA2
and the timer, and monitor the regeneration date of the data
recorded in the second part PA2.
[0183] The first embodiment of the present invention is applied to
a case of using two parts for data formats of a CD and a CD-ROM.
However, the present invention is not restricted to the above case.
That is, as data formats of two parts, it is possible to combine a
single-density CD format same as that of the so-called existing
compact disk with a double-density CD format having a recording
density two times larger than the existing recording density, a CD
format with a DVD format, or a DVD-video format with a DVD-ROM
format.
[0184] Moreover, the present invention can be applied to a
recordable discoid recording medium such as a CD-RW
(CD-Rewritable), CD-R (CD-recordable), DVD-RW (DVD-Rewritable), or
DVD-R (DVD-Recordable). The CD-RW is a phase-change-type disk in
which data can be recorded in accordance with a data format
compatible with a laser-beam CD and reproduced by detecting a light
quantity difference. The CD-R is a writing-once recording medium
using an organic dye as a recording material and making it possible
to record data only once in accordance with a data format having
compatibility with a CD. Moreover, it is possible to use a
data-recording medium other than an optical disk, such as a
flexible disk, hard disk, or memory card.
[0185] In the case of the first embodiment of the present invention
described above, uncompressed digital data is recorded in the first
part PA1 of the disk 1 in accordance with the so-called CD format
and compressed digital data is recorded in the second part PA2. The
disk of the second embodiment of the present invention in which a
watermark is put in the digital data recorded in the disk 1 is
described below by referring to the accompanying drawing. In the
following description, a part common to that of the above first
embodiment is described by using the same designation symbol and
detailed description of the part quotes the description of the
common part of the first embodiment.
[0186] A water mark strong for and a water mark weak for a linear
PCM signal serving as uncompressed digital data in accordance with
the so-called CD standard recorded in a first part PA1 are embedded
in the optical disk 1 of the second embodiment of the present
invention and only a strong water mark is embedded in the
compressed and/or encrypted digital data recorded in a second part
PA2.
[0187] In this case, "strong" of a strong water mark and "weak" of
a weak water mark respectively denote a difficulty degree of
disappearance of a water mark, in other words, a strong water mark
is a strong water mark having a large survival strength and not
easily disappearing through signal processing such as compression
applied to digital data and a weak water mark is a weak water mark
having a small survival strength and disappearing through signal
processing applied to digital data. For example, a strong watermark
is embedded by spectrum-diffusing the data of the watermark and
superimposing the diffused data on digital data serving as
contents. A water mark is embedded in digital data serving as
contents by a method of detecting the peak portion of a signal to
be embedded in a water mark and embedding the water mark in the
detected peak portion. A weak water mark is a water mark embedded
by inserting the data about a water mark of copyright management
information of a SCMS (Serial Copy Management System) into digital
data serving as contents or low-order bits of audio data.
[0188] Then, a circuit configuration for generating compressed data
in which a strong water mark is embedded and a linear PCM signal
serving as uncompressed audio data in which a strong water mark and
a weak water mark are embedded is described by referring to FIG.
16. In FIG. 16, A linear PCM signal serving as an audio signal is
supplied to an input terminal 201 from a not-illustrated signal
source. The linear PCM signal supplied to the input terminal 201 is
supplied to an encoder 204 and decomposed to a frequency spectrum
shown in FIG. 17 in accordance with deformed DCT (Modified Discrete
Cosine Transform) by the encoder 204. At the same time, the linear
PCM signal supplied to the input terminal 201 is supplied to a
waveform analysis part 205 by which the waveform of the supplied
linear PCM signal is analyzed. An output from the encoder 204 and
that of the waveform analysis part 205 are supplied to a first
water-mark encoder 206 and water marks are embedded in portions
shown by slants of outputs supplied from the encoder 204 in FIG. 17
by using the masking effect. The power of an original spectrum is
increased by embedding a mask key P(m-k) constituting a water mark
and a spectrum which is originally similar to a dotted line is
changed to the spectrum power shown by slants by embedding a mask
key P(m+k). In this case, a water mark supplied from the input
terminal 202 is embedded in a person's portion which is dull in
hearing sense, such as a portion after a loud sound in accordance
with an output from the waveform analysis part 205. The watermark
embedded by the encoder 206 and supplied to the input terminal 202
is the above-described strong mark.
[0189] An output from the encoder 206 is supplied to a decoder 207
and the data output from the decoder 207 is returned to a linear
PCM signal again by applying the conversion inverse to the deformed
DCT to the data. The linear PCM signal in which the strong water
mark output from the decoder 207 is embedded is supplied to a
compression encoder 208 and converted to compressed audio data by
the compression encoder 208. The compression encoder 208 applies
compression signal processing to the linear PCM signal in which a
strong water mark supplied from the encoder 207 is embedded by
using a compression mode such as MP-3 (MPEG1 audio layer 3), MPEG
AAC (MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding), or ATRAC-3 (Adaptive Transform
Audio Coding 3) and outputs the signal from an output terminal 209.
A strong watermark is embedded in the compressed audio output from
the output terminal 209. Thus, the watermark embedded by the
encoder 206 and supplied from the input terminal 202 does not
disappear due to the compression by the encoder 208.
[0190] The linear PCM signal in which the strong water mark output
from the decoder 207 is embedded is supplied to a second water-mark
encoder 210, in which a water mark is embedded in accordance with a
water mark-supplied from the input terminal 203. In the case of the
encoder 210, as described above, a water mark supplied to the input
terminal 203 such as copyright management information, for example,
SCMS is embedded in low-order bits of a linear PCM signal supplied
from the decoder 207 and output from an output terminal 210. A
strong watermark and a weak watermark are embedded in a linear PCM
signal output from the output terminal 210. The linear PCM signal
output from the output terminal 210 is supplied to the input
terminal 18 of the mastering apparatus 210 shown in FIG. 6 and the
compressed audio data output from the output terminal 209 is
supplied to the encryption circuit 21 in FIG. 6 and recorded in the
glass master 19, and thereby the optical disk 1 is manufactured by
using the technique same as the case of the above first
embodiment.
[0191] Thus, in the case of the optical disk 1, a strong water mark
and a weak water mark are embedded in the linear PCM signal
recorded in the first part PA1 and a strong water mark is embedded
in the compressed audio data recorded in the second part PA2.
[0192] The optical disk 1 of the second embodiment is read by an
apparatus same as the reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 13. A
watermark detecting apparatus for detecting a watermark from the
optical disk 1 of the second embodiment is described below by
referring to FIG. 18.
[0193] For example, the compressed audio data read from the second
part PA2 serving as the data output from the demodulation circuit
102 of the reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 13 is supplied to an
extension circuit 221 through an input terminal 220. The compressed
audio data is returned to a linear PCM signal by applying the
processing inverse to the compression applied by the compression
encoder 208 in the extension circuit 221 to the audio data, output
from an output terminal 222, and supplied to the D-A converter 104.
A strong watermark is embedded in a linear PCM signal output from
the output terminal 222.
[0194] The linear PCM signal output from the extension circuit 221
is supplied to an encoder 224, analyzed to the frequency spectrum
shown in FIG. 17 in accordance with deformed DCT, and supplied to a
first water-mark detection part 225. The detection part 225 detects
whether the water mark embedded as shown in FIG. 17, that is, a
strong water mark is embedded, an output from the detection part
225 is supplied to a first water-mark decoder 226, and the water
mark, that is, the strong water mark is decoded and output from an
output terminal 227.
[0195] The linear PCM signal read from the first part PA1 serving
as a digital signal supplied from the interpolation circuit 88 of
the reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 13 is output from the
output terminal 222 through an input terminal 223 while a strong
water mark and a weak water mark is embedded and at the same time,
supplied to the encoder 224, and a strong water mark is fetched
from the linear PCM signal supplied through the input terminal 223
similarly to the case of the processing applied to the linear PCM
signal supplied to the encoder 224 and output from the above
extension circuit 221. The linear PCM signal supplied through the
input terminal 223 is supplied to a second water-mark detection
part 228 by which it is detected whether a weak water mark is
embedded in the supplied linear PCM signal, an output from the
detection part 228 is supplied to a second water-mark decoder 229,
a water mark, that is, and a weak water mark is extracted and
output from an output terminal 230.
[0196] The strong and weak water marks thus detected performs the
control such as copying of the linear PCM signal serving as the
contents recorded in the optical disk 1 or compressed audio data.
Hereafter, description is made in accordance with the flowchart
shown in FIG. 19. First, when contents such as a linear PCM signal
and compressed audio data are input in step S41, it is determined
in step S42 whether a strong water mark is embedded. When it is
detected in step S42 that a strong watermark is not embedded,
contents are copied in accordance with the copy control based on
the existing SCMS in step S43. For example, the first generation of
contents are copied or allowed in accordance with the SCMS. When it
is determined in step S42 that a strong watermark is embedded, it
is detected in step S44 whether a weak watermark is embedded. When
it is detected in step S44 that a weak watermark is embedded, step
S45 is started. In this case, because both the strong watermark and
weak watermark are embedded, copy control is performed in
accordance with the weak watermark. When the weak watermark is, for
example, SCMS, copy control is performed in accordance with the
SCMS and the SCMS serving as a weak watermark is written from a
copy-possible sate to a copy-impossible state.
[0197] When it is detected in step S44 that a weak watermark is not
embedded, step S46 is started. In this case, because only a strong
watermark is left in contents, copying of contents is controlled in
accordance with the strong watermark. For example, copying of
contents is inhibited in accordance with the strong watermark.
[0198] As described above, a strong water mark and a weak water
mark are embedded in the linear PCM signal serving as the
uncompressed data recorded in the first part PA1 of the optical
disk 1 of the second embodiment and a strong water mark is embedded
in the compressed data recorded in the second part PA2. As a
result, according to the optical disk 1 of the second embodiment,
the linear PCM signal serving as the uncompressed data recorded in
the first part PA1 can correctly manage a copyright in a range of
the private sound recording based on the existing SCMS by a water
mark and the compressed data recorded in the second part PA2 does
not disappear even if the compressed data is decompressed.
Therefore, it is possible to restrict or prevent illegal copying on
Internet. In the case of the above example, a case is described in
which a water mark strong for compressed digital data serving as
compressed audio data is embedded. However, it is also permitted to
embed a weak watermark in a high-order coefficient of a frequency
spectrum output from the encoder 204.
[0199] Moreover, when encrypting the compressed digital data
serving as compressed audio data, it is permitted to encrypt the
compressed digital data after compressing a linear PCM signal in
which a strong water mark supplied from the decoder 207 is embedded
and applying the processing such as WAVE filing to the signal.
[0200] For the above embodiments, audio contents are described as
the contents mainly recorded in a disk. However, the present
invention can be also applied to the contents such as video data,
static-image data, character data, computer-graphic data, or game
software similarly to the case above described.
[0201] As described above, according to the present invention, it
is possible to record unencrypted data and encrypted data in the
same data-recording medium and correspond to various applications.
For example, it is possible to record secure contents for
protecting, a copyright and non-secure contents such as promotion
advertisements in the same medium.
[0202] Moreover, according to the present invention, it is possible
to easily start or stop charging by determining whether to perform
charging in accordance with whether encryption is performed.
[0203] Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is
possible to communicate the information of charging while
accelerating circulation of contents by permitting copying with no
generation restriction. Therefore, it is possible to effectively
protect copyrights in the society in which networks are
advanced.
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