U.S. patent application number 11/002756 was filed with the patent office on 2005-07-14 for 44 human secreted proteins.
This patent application is currently assigned to Human Genome Sciences, Inc.. Invention is credited to Kyaw, Hla, LaFleur, David W., Moore, Paul A., Rosen, Craig A., Ruben, Steven M., Shi, Yanggu, Wei, Ying-Fei.
Application Number | 20050153335 11/002756 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27535993 |
Filed Date | 2005-07-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050153335 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LaFleur, David W. ; et
al. |
July 14, 2005 |
44 human secreted proteins
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel human secreted proteins
and isolated nucleic acids containing the coding regions of the
genes encoding such proteins. Also provided are vectors, host
cells, antibodies, and recombinant methods for producing human
secreted proteins. The invention further relates to diagnostic and
therapeutic methods useful for diagnosing and treating disorders
related to these novel human secreted proteins.
Inventors: |
LaFleur, David W.;
(Washington, DC) ; Ruben, Steven M.; (Brookeville,
MD) ; Rosen, Craig A.; (Laytonsville, MD) ;
Moore, Paul A.; (North Bethesda, MD) ; Shi,
Yanggu; (Gaithersburg, MD) ; Kyaw, Hla;
(Boonsboro, MD) ; Wei, Ying-Fei; (Berkeley,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HUMAN GENOME SCIENCES INC
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DEPT.
14200 SHADY GROVE ROAD
ROCKVILLE
MD
20850
US
|
Assignee: |
Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
Rockville
MD
|
Family ID: |
27535993 |
Appl. No.: |
11/002756 |
Filed: |
December 3, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11002756 |
Dec 3, 2004 |
|
|
|
10062548 |
Feb 5, 2002 |
|
|
|
10062548 |
Feb 5, 2002 |
|
|
|
09369247 |
Aug 5, 1999 |
|
|
|
6569992 |
|
|
|
|
09369247 |
Aug 5, 1999 |
|
|
|
PCT/US99/02293 |
Feb 4, 1999 |
|
|
|
60074118 |
Feb 9, 1998 |
|
|
|
60074157 |
Feb 9, 1998 |
|
|
|
60074037 |
Feb 9, 1998 |
|
|
|
60074141 |
Feb 9, 1998 |
|
|
|
60074341 |
Feb 9, 1998 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
435/6.16 ;
435/183; 435/320.1; 435/325; 435/69.1; 530/350; 530/388.1;
536/23.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 38/00 20130101;
C07K 14/47 20130101; Y02A 50/465 20180101; A61K 35/13 20130101;
A61P 9/00 20180101; C12Q 1/6883 20130101; Y02A 50/30 20180101; A61P
7/02 20180101; G01N 33/6893 20130101; A61P 9/10 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/006 ;
435/069.1; 435/183; 435/320.1; 435/325; 530/350; 536/023.2;
530/388.1 |
International
Class: |
C12Q 001/68; C07H
021/04; C12N 009/00; C07K 016/18; C07K 014/47 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide
having a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence
selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polynucleotide
fragment of SEQ ID NO:X or a polynucleotide fragment of the cDNA
sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is hybridizable to
SEQ ID NO:X; (b) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide fragment
of SEQ ID NO:Y or a polypeptide fragment encoded by the cDNA
sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is hybridizable to
SEQ ID NO:X; (c) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide domain of
SEQ ID NO:Y or a polypeptide domain encoded by the cDNA sequence
included in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is hybridizable to SEQ ID
NO:X; (d) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide epitope of SEQ ID
NO:Y or a polypeptide epitope encoded by the cDNA sequence included
in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:X; (e) a
polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:Y or the cDNA
sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is hybridizable to
SEQ ID NO:X, having biological activity; (f) a polynucleotide which
is a variant of SEQ ID NO:X; (g) a polynucleotide which is an
allelic variant of SEQ ID NO:X; (h) a polynucleotide which encodes
a species homologue of the SEQ ID NO:Y; (i) a polynucleotide
capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions to any one of the
polynucleotides specified in (a)-(h), wherein said polynucleotide
does not hybridize under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid
molecule having a nucleotide sequence of only A residues or of only
T residues.
2. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein the
polynucleotide fragment comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a
secreted protein.
3. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein the
polynucleotide fragment comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding
the sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:Y or the polypeptide encoded
by the cDNA sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z, which is
hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:X.
4. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein the
polynucleotide fragment comprises the entire nucleotide sequence of
SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z,
which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:X.
5. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 2, wherein the
nucleotide sequence comprises sequential nucleotide deletions from
either the C-terminus or the N-terminus.
6. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 3, wherein the
nucleotide sequence comprises sequential nucleotide deletions from
either the C-terminus or the N-terminus.
7. A recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid
molecule of claim 1.
8. A method of making a recombinant host cell comprising the
isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1.
9. A recombinant host cell produced by the method of claim 8.
10. The recombinant host cell of claim 9 comprising vector
sequences.
11. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at
least 95% identical to a sequence selected from the group
consisting of: (a) a polypeptide fragment of SEQ ID NO:Y or the
encoded sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z; (b) a polypeptide
fragment of SEQ ID NO:Y or the encoded sequence included in ATCC
Deposit No:Z, having biological activity; (c) a polypeptide domain
of SEQ ID NO:Y or the encoded sequence included in ATCC Deposit
No:Z; (d) a polypeptide epitope of SEQ ID NO:Y or the encoded
sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z; (e) a secreted form of SEQ
ID NO:Y or the encoded sequence included in ATCC Deposit No:Z; (f)
a full length protein of SEQ ID NO:Y or the encoded sequence
included in ATCC Deposit No:Z; (g) a variant of SEQ ID NO:Y; (h) an
allelic variant of SEQ ID NO:Y; or (i) a species homologue of the
SEQ ID NO:Y.
12. The isolated polypeptide of claim 11, wherein the secreted form
or the full length protein comprises sequential amino acid
deletions from either the C-terminus or the N-terminus.
13. An isolated antibody that binds specifically to the isolated
polypeptide of claim 11.
14. A recombinant host cell that expresses the isolated polypeptide
of claim 11.
15. A method of making an isolated polypeptide comprising: (a)
culturing the recombinant host cell of claim 14 under conditions
such that said polypeptide is expressed; and (b) recovering said
polypeptide.
16. The polypeptide produced by claim 15.
17. A method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical
condition, comprising administering to a mammalian subject a
therapeutically effective amount of the polynucleotide of claim
1.
18. A method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical
condition, comprising administering to a mammalian subject a
therapeutically effective amount of the polypeptide of claim
11.
19. A method of diagnosing a pathological condition or a
susceptibility to a pathological condition in a subject comprising:
(a) determining the presence or absence of a mutation in the
polynucleotide of claim 1; and (b) diagnosing a pathological
condition or a susceptibility to a pathological condition based on
the presence or absence of said mutation.
20. A method of diagnosing a pathological condition or a
susceptibility to a pathological condition in a subject comprising:
(a) determining the presence or amount of expression of the
polypeptide of claim 11 in a biological sample; and (b) diagnosing
a pathological condition or a susceptibility to a pathological
condition based on the presence or amount of expression of the
polypeptide.
21. A method for identifying a binding partner to the polypeptide
of claim 11 comprising: (a) contacting the polypeptide of claim 11
with a binding partner; and (b) determining whether the binding
partner effects an activity of the polypeptide.
22. The gene corresponding to the cDNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y.
23. A method of identifying an activity in a biological assay,
wherein the method comprises: (a) expressing SEQ ID NO:X in a cell;
(b) isolating the supernatant; (c) detecting an activity in a
biological assay; and (d) identifying the protein in the
supernatant having the activity.
24. The product produced by the method of claim 21.
Description
[0001] This Application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No.
10/062,548, filed Feb. 5, 2002, which is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/369,247, filed Aug. 5, 1999, which is a
continuation-in-part of International Application PCT/US99/02293,
filed Feb. 4, 1999, which is a non-provisional of, and claims
benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) to, U.S. Provisional
Applications 60/074,118, filed Feb. 9, 1998, 60/074,157, filed Feb.
9, 1998, 60/074,037, filed Feb. 9, 1998, 60/074,141, filed Feb. 9,
1998, and 60/074,341, filed Feb. 9, 1998. Each of the
above-referenced applications is hereby incorporated by reference
herein it its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides
and the polypeptides encoded by these polynucleotides, uses of such
polynucleotides and polypeptides, and their production.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Unlike bacterium, which exist as a single compartment
surrounded by a membrane, human cells and other eucaryotes are
subdivided by membranes into many functionally distinct
compartments. Each membrane-bounded compartment, or organelle,
contains different proteins essential for the function of the
organelle. The cell uses "sorting signals," which are amino acid
motifs located within the protein, to target proteins to particular
cellular organelles.
[0004] One type of sorting signal, called a signal sequence, a
signal peptide, or a leader sequence, directs a class of proteins
to an organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER
separates the membrane-bounded proteins from all other types of
proteins. Once localized to the ER, both groups of proteins can be
further directed to another organelle called the Golgi apparatus.
Here, the Golgi distributes the proteins to vesicles, including
secretory vesicles, the cell membrane, lysosomes, and the other
organelles.
[0005] Proteins targeted to the ER by a signal sequence can be
released into the extracellular space as a secreted protein. For
example, vesicles containing secreted proteins can fuse with the
cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular
space--a process called exocytosis. Exocytosis can occur
constitutively or after receipt of a triggering signal. In the
latter case, the proteins are stored in secretory vesicles (or
secretory granules) until exocytosis is triggered. Similarly,
proteins residing on the cell membrane can also be secreted into
the extracellular space by proteolytic cleavage of a "linker"
holding the protein to the membrane.
[0006] Despite the great progress made in recent years, only a
small number of genes encoding human secreted proteins have been
identified. These secreted proteins include the commercially
valuable human insulin, interferon, Factor VIII, human growth
hormone, tissue plasminogen activator, and erythropoeitin. Thus, in
light of the pervasive role of secreted proteins in human
physiology, a need exists for identifying and characterizing novel
human secreted proteins and the genes that encode them. This
knowledge will allow one to detect, to treat, and to prevent
medical disorders by using secreted proteins or the genes that
encode them.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention relates to novel polynucleotides and
the encoded polypeptides. Moreover, the present invention relates
to vectors, host cells, antibodies, and recombinant methods for
producing the polypeptides and polynucleotides. Also provided are
diagnostic methods for detecting disorders related to the
polypeptides, and therapeutic methods for treating such disorders.
The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying
binding partners of the polypeptides.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0008] Definitions
[0009] The following definitions are provided to facilitate
understanding of certain terms used throughout this
specification.
[0010] In the present invention, "isolated" refers to material
removed from its original environment (e.g., the natural
environment if it is naturally occurring), and thus is altered "by
the hand of man" from its natural state. For example, an isolated
polynucleotide could be part of a vector or a composition of
matter, or could be contained within a cell, and still be
"isolated" because that vector, composition of matter, or
particular cell is not the original environment of the
polynucleotide.
[0011] In the present invention, a "secreted" protein refers to
those proteins capable of being directed to the ER, secretory
vesicles, or the extracellular space as a result of a signal
sequence, as well as those proteins released into the extracellular
space without necessarily containing a signal sequence. If the
secreted protein is released into the extracellular space, the
secreted protein can undergo extracellular processing to produce a
"mature" protein. Release into the extracellular space can occur by
many mechanisms, including exocytosis and proteolytic cleavage.
[0012] In specific embodiments, the polynucleotides of the
invention are less than 300 kb, 200 kb, 100 kb, 50 kb, 15 kb, 10
kb, or 7.5 kb in length. In a further embodiment, polynucleotides
of the invention comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of the
coding sequence, but do not comprise all or a portion of any
intron. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid comprising the
coding sequence does not contain coding sequences of a genomic
flanking gene (i.e., 5' or 3' to the gene in the genome).
[0013] As used herein, a "polynucleotide" refers to a molecule
having a nucleic acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA
contained within the clone deposited with the ATCC.TM.. For
example, the polynucleotide can contain the nucleotide sequence of
the full length cDNA sequence, including the 5' and 3' untranslated
sequences, the coding region, with or without the signal sequence,
the secreted protein coding region, as well as fragments, epitopes,
domains, and variants of the nucleic acid sequence. Moreover, as
used herein, a "polypeptide" refers to a molecule having the
translated amino acid sequence generated from the polynucleotide as
broadly defined.
[0014] In the present invention, the full length sequence
identified as SEQ ID NO:X was often generated by overlapping
sequences contained in multiple clones (contig analysis). A
representative clone containing all or most of the sequence for SEQ
ID NO:X was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection
("ATCC.TM."). As shown in Table 1, each clone is identified by a
cDNA Clone ID (Identifier) and the ATCC.TM. Deposit Number. The
ATCC.TM. is located at 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va.
20110-2209, USA. The ATCC.TM. deposit was made pursuant to the
terms of the Budapest Treaty on the international recognition of
the deposit of microorganisms for purposes of patent procedure.
[0015] A "polynucleotide" of the present invention also includes
those polynucleotides capable of hybridizing, under stringent
hybridization conditions, to sequences contained in SEQ ID NO:X,
the complement thereof, or the cDNA within the clone deposited with
the ATCC.TM.. "Stringent hybridization conditions" refers to an
overnight incubation at 42.degree. C. in a solution comprising 50%
formamide, 5.times.SSC (750 mM NaCl, 75 mM sodium citrate), 50 mM
sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 5.times. Denhardt's solution, 10%
dextran sulfate, and 20 .mu.g/ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm
DNA, followed by washing the filters in 0.1.times.SSC at about
65.degree. C.
[0016] Also contemplated are nucleic acid molecules that hybridize
to the polynucleotides of the present invention at lower stringency
hybridization conditions. Changes in the stringency of
hybridization and signal detection are primarily accomplished
through the manipulation of formamide concentration (lower
percentages of formamide result in lowered stringency); salt
conditions, or temperature. For example, lower stringency
conditions include an overnight incubation at 37.degree. C. in a
solution comprising 6.times.SSPE (20.times.SSPE=3M NaCl; 0.2M
NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4; 0.02M EDTA, pH 7.4), 0.5% SDS, 30% formamide,
100 ug/ml salmon sperm blocking DNA; followed by washes at
50.degree. C. with 1.times.SSPE, 0.1% SDS. In addition, to achieve
even lower stringency, washes performed following stringent
hybridization can be done at higher salt concentrations (e.g.
5.times.SSC).
[0017] Note that variations in the above conditions may be
accomplished through the inclusion and/or substitution of alternate
blocking reagents used to suppress background in hybridization
experiments. Typical blocking reagents include Denhardt's reagent,
BLOTTO, heparin, denatured salmon sperm DNA, and commercially
available proprietary formulations. The inclusion of specific
blocking reagents may require modification of the hybridization
conditions described above, due to problems with compatibility.
[0018] Of course, a polynucleotide which hybridizes only to polyA+
sequences (such as any 3' terminal polyA+ tract of a cDNA shown in
the sequence listing), or to a complementary stretch of T (or U)
residues, would not be included in the definition of
"polynucleotide," since such a polynucleotide would hybridize to
any nucleic acid molecule containing a poly (A) stretch or the
complement thereof (e.g., practically any double-stranded cDNA
clone).
[0019] The polynucleotide of the present invention can be composed
of any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxribonucleotide, which may be
unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. For example,
polynucleotides can be composed of single- and double-stranded DNA,
DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions,
single- and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single-
and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and
RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded
or a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions. In addition,
the polynucleotide can be composed of triple-stranded regions
comprising RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA. A polynucleotide may
also contain one or more modified bases or DNA or RNA backbones
modified for stability or for other reasons. "Modified" bases
include, for example, tritylated bases and unusual bases such as
inosine. A variety of modifications can be made to DNA and RNA;
thus, "polynucleotide" embraces chemically, enzymatically, or
metabolically modified forms.
[0020] The polypeptide of the present invention can be composed of
amino acids joined to each other by peptide bonds or modified
peptide bonds, i.e., peptide isosteres, and may contain amino acids
other than the 20 gene-encoded amino acids. The polypeptides may be
modified by either natural processes, such as posttranslational
processing, or by chemical modification techniques which are well
known in the art. Such modifications are well described in basic
texts and in more detailed monographs, as well as in a voluminous
research literature. Modifications can occur anywhere in a
polypeptide, including the peptide backbone, the amino acid
side-chains and the amino or carboxyl termini. It will be
appreciated that the same type of modification may be present in
the same or varying degrees at several sites in a given
polypeptide. Also, a given polypeptide may contain many types of
modifications. Polypeptides may be branched, for example, as a
result of ubiquitination, and they may be cyclic, with or without
branching. Cyclic, branched, and branched cyclic polypeptides may
result from posttranslation natural processes or may be made by
synthetic methods. Modifications include acetylation, acylation,
ADP-ribosylation, amidation, covalent attachment of flavin,
covalent attachment of a heme moiety, covalent attachment of a
nucleotide or nucleotide derivative, covalent attachment of a lipid
or lipid derivative, covalent attachment of phosphotidylinositol,
cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation,
demethylation, formation of covalent cross-links, formation of
cysteine, formation of pyroglutamate, formylation,
gamma-carboxylation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation,
hydroxylation, iodination, methylation, myristoylation, oxidation,
pegylation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation,
racemization, selenoylation, sulfation, transfer-RNA mediated
addition of amino acids to proteins such as arginylation, and
ubiquitination. (See, for instance, PROTEINS--STRUCTURE AND
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES, 2nd Ed., T. E. Creighton, W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York (1993); POSTTRANSLATIONAL COVALENT MODIFICATION
OF PROTEINS, B. C. Johnson, Ed., Academic Press, New York, pgs.
1-12 (1983); Seifter et al., Meth Enzymol 182:626-646 (1990);
Rattan et al., Ann NY Acad Sci 663:48-62 (1992).)
[0021] "SEQ ID NO:X" refers to a polynucleotide sequence while "SEQ
ID NO:Y" refers to a polypeptide sequence, both sequences
identified by an integer specified in Table 1.
[0022] "A polypeptide having biological activity" refers to
polypeptides exhibiting activity similar, but not necessarily
identical to, an activity of a polypeptide of the present
invention, including mature forms, as measured in a particular
biological assay, with or without dose dependency. In the case
where dose dependency does exist, it need not be identical to that
of the polypeptide, but rather substantially similar to the
dose-dependence in a given activity as compared to the polypeptide
of the present invention (i.e., the candidate polypeptide will
exhibit greater activity or not more than about 25-fold less and,
preferably, not more than about tenfold less activity, and most
preferably, not more than about three-fold less activity relative
to the polypeptide of the present invention.)
[0023] Polynucleotides and Polypeptides of the Invention
[0024] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 1
[0025] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with tapasin and poliovirus receptor, which are thought to
be important in the assembly and function of multimeric MHC class
I-TAP complexes or poliovirus infection.
[0026] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
VKVKEKSAAEGTGKKPKGCRLPGVLGEPPSSAGPRKQRRTVEKGGGQGGNSR- AA S (SEQ ID
NO: 109). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0027] This gene is expressed primarily in early stage human liver,
placental tissues, a breast cancer cell line treated with 0.3 nM
R1881 compound as well as breast tissue, and to a lesser extent in
many other tissues in an ubiquitous manner.
[0028] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune, reproductive, and hepatic disorders and
diseases, and infection, e.g., enteroviral (poliovirus or other
picornaviruses), and proper placental function. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune
system and placenta, expression of this gene at significantly
higher or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or
cell types (e.g., immune, placental, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0029] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 60 as residues: Ala-19 to
Gln-29. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0030] The tissue distribution in human liver, combined with the
homology to tapasin, poliovirus receptor, and other immunoglobulin
molecules indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or
intervention of immune related disorders or viral infections. The
utility includes immune modulation, tissue/organ transplantation,
tumor immunity, allergy treatment, and autoimmmune diseases.
Expression within embryonic (placental) tissue and other cellular
sources marked by proliferating cells indicates that this protein
may play a role in the regulation of cellular division, and may
show utility in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other
proliferative disorders. Similarly, embryonic development also
involves decisions involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis
in pattern formation. Thus, this protein may also be involved in
apoptosis or tissue differentiation and could again be useful in
cancer therapy. Furthermore, the tissue distribution in breast
cancer tissue indicates that the translation product of this gene
is useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of breast cancers, as
well as cancers of other tissues where expression has been
observed. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0031] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO: 11 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1796 of SEQ ID NO:11, b is an integer
of 15 to 1810, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:11, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0032] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 2
[0033] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with lysyl hydroxylase, which is thought to be important
in the post-translational biosynthesis of collagen; specifically,
the formation of hydroxylysine in collagens.
[0034] When tested against fibroblast cell lines, supernatants
removed from cells containing this gene activated the EGR1 assay.
Thus, it is likely that this gene activates fibroblast cells, and
to a lesser extent other musculo-skeletal cells, through a signal
transduction pathway. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a promoter
associated with certain genes that induces various tissues and cell
types upon activation, leading the cells to undergo differentiation
and proliferation.
[0035] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 9. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
9.
[0036] This gene is expressed primarily in placental and breast
tissues, as well as a variety of other tissues and cell types.
[0037] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, osteogenesis imperfecta, chondrodysplasias,
osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, Alport syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos
syndrome as well as other connective tissue disorders. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
connective tissue, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., connective, reproductive, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0038] The tissue distribution in placenta and the homology to
lysyl hydroxylase, in conjunction with the biological activity
data, indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding
to this gene are useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of
conditions related to vascular or reproductive disorders, and
potentially in the biosynthesis of collagen. The collagen
superfamily of proteins now contains at least 19 proteins formally
defined as collagens and an additional ten proteins that have
collagen-like domains. The most abundant collagens form
extracellular fibrils or network-like structures, but the others
fulfill a variety of biological functions. There are at least eight
highly specific post-translational enzymes involved in collagen
biosynthesis. The protein product of this gene is quite likely
another. Over 400 mutations in 6 different collagens cause a
variety of human diseases that include osteogenesis imperfecta,
chondrodysplasias, some forms of osteoporosis, some forms of
osteoarthritis, and the renal disease known as the Alport syndrome.
Many of the disease phenotypes have been produced in transgenic
mice with mutated collagen genes. There has been increasing
interest in the possibility that the unique post-translational
enzymes involved in collagen biosynthesis, such as the protein
product of this gene, offer attractive targets for specifically
inhibiting excessive fibrotic reactions in a number of diseases.
Moreover, the protein is useful in the detection, treatment, and/or
prevention of a variety of vascular disorders and conditions, which
include, but are not limited to miscrovascular disease, vascular
leak syndrome, aneurysm, stroke, embolism, thrombosis, and/or
atherosclerosis. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against
the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0039] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:12 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2339 of SEQ ID NO:12, b is an integer
of 15 to 2353, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:12, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0040] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 3
[0041] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with a murine G-protein coupled receptor, which is thought
to be important in signal transduction for extracellular signals
(See Genbank Accession No.: AF027955).
[0042] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: EEHRYFKANDTLGF (SEQ ID NO: 110).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0043] This gene is expressed primarily in brain tissues, such as
cerebellum and fetal dura mater tissues, and in fetal tissues or
early stage lung.
[0044] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neurological and/or psychological disorders, or lung
diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the central nervous system and respiratory system, expression of
this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely
detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, pulmonary,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0045] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 62 as residues: Val-89 to
Leu-95, Pro-1 75 to Tyr-181. Polynucleotides encoding said
polypeptides are also provided.
[0046] The tissue distribution in fetal lung and brain tissues such
as cerebellum and fetal dura mater, and the homology to a murine
G-protein coupled receptor, indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or intervention of neurological, psychological and
respiratory diseases. The G-protein coupled receptor can be used as
a reagent for ligand screening, antagonist and agonist
identification and development, or for the blocking of receptor
mediated viral infection. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0047] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:13 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 914 of SEQ ID NO:13, b is an integer
of 15 to 928, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:13, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0048] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 4
[0049] The translation product of this gene shares some sequence
homology with various chains of the T-cell receptor, which are
important in signalling between different cells of the immune
system.
[0050] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
the X chromosome. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for the X
chromosome.
[0051] This gene is expressed primarily in placental tissue, and to
a lesser extent in activated monocytes and dendritic cells.
[0052] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune disorders and reproductive disorders,
particularly pregnancy-associated disorders. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune
system and female reproductive system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune, reproductive, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0053] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 63 as residues: Val-29 to
Val-37, Asp-71 to His-76, Gln-78 to Gly-84, Met-105 to His-110,
Trp-117 to Gly-122, Gln-136 to Lys-141, Leu-143 to Ala-149, Thr-162
to Asp-174, Ser-181 to Lys-186, Arg-214 to Glu-220, Glu-232 to
Glu-238, Cys-249 to Asp-265. Polynucleotides encoding said
polypeptides are also provided.
[0054] The tissue distribution in dendritic cells, activated
monocytes and placental tissue (a tissue rich in hematopoeitic
cells), and its homology to the T-cell receptor, indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful in the treatment, prophylaxis and/or diagnosis of immune and
autoimmmune diseases, such as lupus, transplant rejection, allergic
reactions, arthritis, asthma, immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia,
and AIDS. Its expression predominantly in hematopoietic cells also
indicates that the gene could be important for the treatment and/or
detection of hematopoietic disorders such as graft versus host
reaction, graft versus host disease, transplant rejection,
myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow fibrosis, and myeloproliferative
disease. The protein could also be used to enhance or protect the
proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of
hematopoietic progenitor cells such as bone marrow cells, which
could be useful for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or
patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
[0055] The protein may also be useful as a means to increase the
proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which could be useful
in the combat of a range of hematopoietic disorders including
immmunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and septicemia. In addition,
expression in placenta indicates the gene or the protein encoded by
this gene could be useful in the treatment, prophylaxis and/or
diagnosis of placentitis, placenta previa, pregnancy disease, and
miscarriage. Specific expression within the placenta indicates that
this gene product may play a role in the proper establishment and
maintenance of placental function. Alternately, this gene product
is produced by the placenta and then transported to the embryo,
where it may play a crucial role in the development and/or survival
of the developing embryo or fetus. Expression of this gene product
in a vascular-rich tissue such as the placenta also indicates that
this gene product is produced more generally in endothelial cells
or within the circulation. In such instances, it may play more
generalized roles in vascular function, such as in angiogenesis. It
may also be produced in the vasculature and have effects on other
cells within the circulation, such as hematopoietic cells. It may
serve to promote the proliferation, survival, activation, and/or
differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as other cells
throughout the body. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0056] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:14 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1576 of SEQ ID NO:14, b is an integer
of 15 to 1590, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:14, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0057] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 5
[0058] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: GTSGTSGTRWNVHF (SEQ ID NO: 111).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0059] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 11. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
11.
[0060] This gene is expressed primarily in infant brain tissue.
[0061] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental, neurodegenerative and behavioral
diseases of the brain such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), specific
brain tumors, aphasia, mania, depression, dementia, paranoia,
addictive behavior and sleep disorders. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the brain, expression of this
gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected
in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, and cancerous and
wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0062] The tissue distribution in infant brain tissue indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of developmental,
degenerative and behavioral diseases and conditions of the brain
such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease,
Huntington's Disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
(TSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), aphasia, depression,
specific brain tumors, mania, dementia, paranoia, addictive
behavior and sleep disorders. Furthermore, this gene product is
involved in neuronal survival; synapse formation; conductance;
neural differentiation, etc. Such involvement may impact many
processes, such as learning and cognition. It may also be useful in
the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as schizophrenia;
ALS; or Alzheimer's. The expression within infant tissue indicates
this protein may play a role in the regulation of cellular
division, and may show utility in the diagnosis and treatment of
cancer and other proliferative disorders. Similarly, developmental
tissues rely on decisions involving cell differentiation and/or
apoptosis in pattern formation.
[0063] Dysregulation of apoptosis can result in inappropriate
suppression of cell death, as occurs in the development of some
cancers, or in failure to control the extent of cell death, as is
believed to occur in acquired immunodeficiency and certain
neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Therefore, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present
invention are useful in treating, detecting, and/or preventing said
disorders and conditions, in addition to other types of
degenerative conditions. Thus this protein may modulate apoptosis
or tissue differentiation and is useful in the detection,
treatment, and/or prevention of degenerative or proliferative
conditions and diseases. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0064] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:15 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 801 of SEQ ID NO:15, b is an integer
of 15 to 815, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:15, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0065] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 6
[0066] This gene is expressed primarily in hepatocellular tumor
tissue.
[0067] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, hepatocellular tumors, hepatoblastoma, liver metabolic
diseases and conditions that are attributable to the
differentiation of hepatocyte progenitor cells. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the liver,
expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is
routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., liver,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, bile, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or
another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such
a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0068] The tissue distribution in hepatocellular tumor tissue
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the detection and/or treatment of liver
cancers and conditions such as hepatocellular tumors,
hepatoblastoma, jaundice, hepatitis, liver metabolic diseases, and
other disorders that are attributable to the differentiation of
hepatocyte progenitor cells. Furthermore, the tissue distribution
indicates that the translation product of this gene is useful for
the diagnosis and/or treatment of cancers of other tissues where
expression has been observed. Protein, as well as, antibodies
directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tumors and tissues.
[0069] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:16 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 976 of SEQ ID NO:16, b is an integer
of 15 to 990, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:16, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0070] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 7
[0071] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
1 DGAGAFRAPIREPGVPASPQPPEPGQLLRRRQGH (SEQ ID NO: 112)
RGGVGSPRTPAGGSRGRRLPATKRGTSGRRARGS SGRINASQT,
QHGLQILLQRDGVPGGDAGEPHGQXRGLHAQQLH (SEQ ID NO: 113)
RPVGSVDLWIFRVDAAGSGPXVXXGNELRHLQGL PGTVGHPRTMDETGPPAVGEPRSGPSAGSAG-
PTA AASPRPAATSPTGRAHIAGRCSQPTADDXPEFVC
LKTLLLCLRMGEMRSEAPGAAXEKNNFYRDARDS RGSGXGTGGNAACAQSPLPRTSKIRSKLRGR-
GWG CRGGDSEPPVRKQ, QHGLQILLQRDGVPGGDAGEPHGQXRGLHAQQ- LH (SEQ ID NO:
114) RPVGSVDLWIFRVDA, AGSGPXVXXGNELRHLQGLPGTVGHPRTMDETGP (SEQ ID
NO: 115) PAVGEPRSGPSAGS, AGPTAAASPRPAATSPTGRAHIAGRCSQPTADDX (SEQ ID
NO: 116) PEFVCLKTLLLCLR, MGEMRSEAPGAAXEKNNFYRDARDSRGSGXGTGG (SEQ ID
NO: 117) NAACAQSPLPRTSK, and/or IRSKLRGRGWGCRGGDSEPPVRKQ. (SEQ ID
NO: 118)
[0072] Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0073] This gene is expressed primarily in osteoblasts.
[0074] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to: skeletal disorders and diseases, particularly
osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteonecrosis, arthritis, tendonitis,
chrondomalacia and inflammation. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of bone, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., skeletal, osteoblasts, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0075] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 66 as residues: Pro-33 to
Phe-43, Pro-48 to Lys-54, His-61 to Val-66. Polynucleotides
encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0076] The tissue distribution in osteoblasts indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of osteoporosis,
fractures, osteosarcoma, ossification, osteonecrosis, trauma,
arthritis, tendonitis, chrondomalacia and inflammation.
Furthermore, elevated levels of expression of this gene product in
osteoblasts indicates that it may play a role in the survival,
proliferation, and/or growth of osteoblasts. Therefore, it is
useful in influencing bone mass in such conditions as osteoporosis.
Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the protein may
show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the
above listed tissues.
[0077] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:17 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1174 of SEQ ID NO:17, b is an integer
of 15 to 1188, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:17, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0078] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 8
[0079] This gene is expressed primarily in brain and infant brain
tissues, such as in the frontal cortex.
[0080] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental, degenerative and behavioral diseases of
the brain such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's
Disease, Huntington's Disease, transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), specific
brain tumors, aphasia, mania, depression, dementia, paranoia,
addictive behavior and sleep disorders. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the brain, expression of this
gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected
in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., brain, and cancerous and
wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell
sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to
the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0081] The tissue distribution in infant and adult brain tissues
such as the frontal cortex indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
treatment and/or diagnosis of developmental, degenerative and
behavioral diseases and conditions of the brain such as
schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease,
Huntington's Disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
(TSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), aphasia, depression,
specific brain tumors, mania, dementia, paranoia, addictive
behavior and sleep disorders. Furthermore, elevated expression of
this gene product within the frontal cortex of the brain indicates
that it is involved in neuronal survival; synapse formation;
conductance; neural differentiation, etc. Such involvement may
impact many processes, such as learning and cognition. It may also
be useful in the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as
schizophrenia; ALS; or Alzheimer's. Moreover, the expression within
infant tissue indicates this protein may play a role in the
regulation of cellular division, and may show utility in the
diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other proliferative
disorders. Similarly, developmental tissues rely on decisions
involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in pattern
formation.
[0082] Dysregulation of apoptosis can result in inappropriate
suppression of cell death, as occurs in the development of some
cancers, or in failure to control the extent of cell death, as is
believed to occur in acquired immunodeficiency and certain
neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Therefore, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present
invention are useful in treating, detecting, and/or preventing said
disorders and conditions, in addition to other types of
degenerative conditions. Thus this protein may modulate apoptosis
or tissue differentiation and is useful in the detection,
treatment, and/or prevention of degenerative or proliferative
conditions and diseases. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues. Protein, as
well as, antibodies directed against the protein may show utility
as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed
tissues.
[0083] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:18 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1591 of SEQ ID NO:18, b is an integer
of 15 to 1605, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:18, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0084] Feature of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 9
[0085] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with a C. elegans protein which is involved in development
(See GenBank Accession No.: AF038611).
[0086] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: GTSPEAYVGPGGPECP (SEQ ID NO: 119).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0087] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 10. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
10.
[0088] This gene is expressed primarily in adipocytes, early
development stage tissues such as 8-week old embryonic tissues,
immune tissues such as fetal liver/spleen, and cancerous tissues
such as testes tumors, and to a lesser extent in some other
tissues, such as prostate and testes.
[0089] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental disorders, and particularly obesity,
diabetes, growth disorders, and immune diseases or disorders.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the adipocytes, early development stage tissues, immune tissues,
and cancer tissues, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., metabolic, developmental, immune, and cancerous and
wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0090] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 68 as residues: Gly-19 to
Ser-27, Gln-39 to Gly-45, Gln-48 to Ala-55, Ala-75 to Thr-80,
Thr-198 to Gly-211. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are
also provided.
[0091] The tissue distribution in developmental, immune, metabolic,
and cancerous tissues indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or treatment of obesity, diabetes, growth disorders,
and immune diseases. The tissue distribution in testes, and tumor
tissue thereof, indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the treatment and
diagnosis of conditions concerning proper testicular function (e.g.
endocrine function, sperm maturation), as well as cancer.
Therefore, this gene product is useful in the treatment of male
infertility and/or impotence. This gene product is also useful in
assays designed to identify binding agents, as such agents
(antagonists) are useful as male contraceptive agents. Similarly,
the protein is believed to be useful in the treatment and/or
diagnosis of testicular cancer. The testes are also a site of
active gene expression of transcripts that is expressed,
particularly at low levels, in other tissues of the body.
Therefore, this gene product is expressed in other specific tissues
or organs where it may play related functional roles in other
processes, such as hematopoiesis, inflammation, bone formation, and
kidney function, to name a few possible target indications.
Moreover, expression within 8-week old embryonic tissues and other
cellular sources marked by proliferating cells indicates that this
protein may play a role in the regulation of cellular division, and
may show utility in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other
proliferative disorders. Similarly, embryonic development also
involves decisions involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis
in pattern formation. Thus, this protein may also be involved in
apoptosis or tissue differentiation and could again be useful in
cancer therapy. Additionally, expression of this gene product in
fetal liver/spleen tissue indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0092] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0093] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:19 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2075 of SEQ ID NO:19, b is an integer
of 15 to 2089, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:19, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0094] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 10
[0095] This gene is expressed primarily in retinal tissue, and to a
lesser extent in the amygdala of the brain.
[0096] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, eye defects, neurological and behavioral disorders and
diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the occular and nervous systems, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., retinal, brain, and cancerous
and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
vitreous and aqueous humors, urine, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0097] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 69 as residues: Ser-39 to
Ser-46, Gly-60 to Gln-71. Polynucleotides encoding said
polypeptides are also provided.
[0098] The tissue distribution predominantly in retinal tissue
indicates a role for this gene product in the treatment,
prophylaxis and/or diagnosis of eye disorders including blindness,
color blindness, short-sightedness, long-sightedness, retinitis
pigmentosa, retinitis proliferans, retinablastoma,
retinochoroiditis, retinopathy and retinoschisis. Expression in
amygdala tissue in the brain indicates a role in the
detection,treatment and/or prophylaxis of neurodegenerative disease
states and behavioural disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntinton's Disease, schizophrenia, mania,
dementia, paranoia, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic
disorder. Furthermore, the amygdala processes sensory information
and relays this to other areas of the brain, including the
endocrine and autonomic domains of the hypothalamus and the brain
stem. Therefore, the translation product of this gene is likely to
be involved in the processing of sensory information, for example,
from the eyes. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0099] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:20 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1267 of SEQ ID NO:20, b is an integer
of 15 to 1281, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:20, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0100] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 11
[0101] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: SCIHTGDVMIXPVLSCFTRF (SEQ ID NO:
120). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0102] When tested against U937 myeloid cell lines, supernatants
removed from cells containing this gene activated the GAS assay.
Thus, it is likely that this gene activates myeloid cells, and to a
lesser extent other immune cells, through the JAK-STAT signal
transduction pathway. The gamma activating sequence (GAS) is a
promoter element found upstream of many genes which are involved in
the JAK-STAT pathway. The JAK-STAT pathway is a large, signal
transduction pathway involved in the differentiation and
proliferation of cells. Therefore, activation of the JAK-STAT
pathway, reflected by the binding of the GAS element, can be used
to indicate proteins involved in the proliferation and
differentiation of cells.
[0103] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 16. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
16.
[0104] This gene is expressed primarily in frontal cortex brain
tissue from a schizophrenia patient and teratocarcinoma tissue, and
to a lesser extent in placenta, osteoblast and embryonic
tissues.
[0105] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental or vascular disorders or defects.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the nervous system and embryonic systems, expression of this gene
at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., nervous, embryonic, vascular,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0106] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 70 as residues: Thr-21 to
Leu-26. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0107] The tissue distribution in early development tissues (i.e.,
placental, embryonic) indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or intervention of developmental disorders, including
the defects in nervous system and bone morphogenesis. Furthermore,
the tissue distribution indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or treatment of disorders of the placenta. Specific
expression within the placenta indicates that this gene product may
play a role in the proper establishment and maintenance of
placental function. Alternately, this gene product is produced by
the placenta and then transported to the embryo, where it may play
a crucial role in the development and/or survival of the developing
embryo or fetus. Expression of this gene product in a vascular-rich
tissue such as the placenta also indicates that this gene product
is produced more generally in endothelial cells or within the
circulation. In such instances, it may play more generalized roles
in vascular function, such as in angiogenesis. It may also be
produced in the vasculature and have effects on other cells within
the circulation, such as hematopoietic cells. It may serve to
promote the proliferation, survival, activation, and/or
differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as other cells
throughout the body. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0108] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:21 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1747 of SEQ ID NO:21, b is an integer
of 15 to 1761, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:21, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0109] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 12
[0110] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with smaller hepatocellular oncoprotein (hhcm) gene
product, which is thought to be important in the tumorigenesis of
hepatocellular carcinoma.
[0111] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
GRHLVASQKRVLRDRRVQTGIWSDQLYSQRPWAPVTWPDHWGVCVCVYVC (SEQ ID NO:
121). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0112] This gene is expressed primarily in pancreas islet cell
tumor.
[0113] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, endocrine or hepatic disorders, particularly pancreas
islet cell tumors. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed
to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes
for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells,
particularly of the pancreas, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., pancreas, hepatic, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, bile, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or
another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such
a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0114] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 71 as residues: Gly-26 to
Lys-33, Lys-47 to His-52. Polynucleotides encoding said
polypeptides are also provided.
[0115] The tissue distribution in pancreas islet cell tumors, and
the homology to the smaller hepatocellular oncoprotein (hhcm) gene
product, indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or
intervention of pancreas islet cell tumors and hepatocellular
carcinomas, as well as preneoplastic or pathological conditions of
the liver. Furthermore, the translation product of this gene is
useful for the detection and/or treatment of cancers of other
tissues where expression has been observed. Protein, as well as,
antibodies directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor
marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed
tissues.
[0116] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:22 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1175 of SEQ ID NO:22, b is an integer
of 15 to 1189, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:22, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0117] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 13
[0118] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with actinin, which is thought to be important in actin
gelation. Recently another group has published a human gene which
shares homology with this gene, calling it smoothelin (See Genbank
Accession No.: gnl.vertline.PID.vertline.e1284289).
[0119] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 22. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
22.
[0120] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
AFPHSIPCQVMAVPSPQLLLERPXLPVSFMFLTSHPPPRLVCP (SEQ ID NO: 122);
LPTLHSLSSYGCPLTPAAPREALXTCVIHVSNKPPSTPSCVPHAPVHLCCVGVGGP
FAHAWGIPCPDQRDKERERRLQEARGRPGEGRGNTATETTTRHSQRAADGSAVS
TVTKTERLVHSNDGTRTARTTTVESSFVRRSENGSGSTMMQTKTFSSSSSSKKMG
SIFDREDQASPRAGSLAALEKRQAEKKKELMKAQSLPKTSASQARKAMIEKLEKE
GAAGSPGGPRAAVQRSTSFGVPNANSIKQMLLDWCRAKTRGYEHVDIQNFSSSW
SDGMAFCALVHNFFPEAFDYGQLSPQNRRQNFEVAFSSAETHADCPQLLDTEDM
VRLREPDWKCVYTYIQEFYRCLVQKGLVKTKKS (SEQ ID NO: 123),
LPTLHSLSSYGCPLTPAAPREALXTCVIHVSNKPPSTPSCVPHAPV (SEQ ID NO: 124),
HLCCVGVGGPFAHAWGIPCPDQRDKERERRLQEARGRPGEGRGNTA (SEQ ID NO: 125),
TETTTRHSQRAADGSAVSTVTKTERLVHSNDGTRTARTTTVESSFV (SEQ ID NO: 126),
RRSENGSGSTMMQTKTFSSSSSSKKMGSIFDREDQASPRAGSLAAL (SEQ ID NO: 127),
EKRQAEKKKELMKAQSLPKTSASQARKAMIEKLEKEGAAGSPGGPRA (SEQ ID NO: 128),
AVQRSTSFGVPNANSIKQMLLDWCRAKTRGYEHVDIQNFSSSWSDGM (SEQ ID NO: 129),
AFCALVHNFFPEAFDYGQLSPQNRRQNFEVAFSSAETHADCPQLLDTED (SEQ ID NO: 130),
and/or MVRLREPDWKCVYTYIQEFYRCLVQKGLVKTKKS (SEQ ID NO: 131).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0121] This gene is expressed primarily in kidney cortex, skeletal
muscle, prostate and to a lesser extent in many other tissues.
[0122] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, skeletal muscle diseases or kidney diseases. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
skeletal muscle or kidney, expression of this gene at significantly
higher or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or
cell types (e.g., musculo-skeletal, kidney, and cancerous and
wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell
sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to
the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0123] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 72 as residues: Ala-23 to
Arg-36, His-38 to Ala-46, Pro-50 to Gly-56, Arg-85 to Val-94.
Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0124] The tissue distribution in skeletal muscle tissue, and the
homology to actinin and smoothelin, indicates that polynucleotides
and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or treatment of skeletal muscle diseases, including
muscular dystrophy, kidney diseases and prostate ailments.
Additionally, the gene product can be used as a target for
anti-tumor agent development. Furthermore, the tissue distribution
in skeletal muscle tissue indicates that the protein product of
this gene is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions
and pathologies of the cardiovascular system, such as heart
disease, restenosis, atherosclerosis, stoke, angina, thrombosis,
and wound healing. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against
the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0125] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:23 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1478 of SEQ ID NO:23, b is an integer
of 15 to 1492, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:23, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0126] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 14
[0127] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 12. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
12.
[0128] This gene is expressed primarily in hematopoietic tissues
and cell types such as T cells, bone marrow, spleen, and
lymphocytic leukemia, and to a lesser extent in testes and other
tissues.
[0129] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, hematopoietic, immune, and inflammatory disorders.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the hematopoietic and immune tissues, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune, reproductive, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0130] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 73 as residues: Tyr-22 to
His-27, Ile-54 to Gln-60. Polynucleotides encoding said
polypeptides are also provided.
[0131] The tissue distribution in a wide variety of immune tissues
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of
hematopoietic, immune, and inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the
tissue distribution in a wide variety of immune tissues indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of immune
system disorders. Expression of this gene product in T-cells, bone
marrow, and spleen tissue indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0132] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0133] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:24 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1594 of SEQ ID NO:24, b is an integer
of 15 to 1608, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:24, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0134] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 15
[0135] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with a putative transmembrane protein from Helicobacter
pylori (GeneSeq Accession No.: W20765).
[0136] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
KMEWLADPTAWLGLLTLIVLXLVLGIDNLVFIXIXAXKLPPEQRDRARLIGL- SLAL
LMRLGLLASISWLVTLTQPLFEVFDKSFSGRDLIMLFGGVFLLFKATMELHERLEG
HVAQRTGNVAYAMFWPIVAQIVVLDAVFSLDAVITAVGMVDELAVMMIAXIISIG
LMIVASKPLTRFVNAHPTVIMLCLGFLMMIGFALTAEGLGFHIPKGYLYAAIGFSIL
IELFNQIARSRRKKSAQGTLPRRERTAHAVMRLLGGRNLAVEEVGEEVADLLDNP
DANGGPLFDRRERVMISGVLQLAERPIRTLMTPRAKVDSIDLSDDPXTIRLKLXIRL TRACP
(SEQ ID NO: 132), KMEWLADPTAWLGLLTLIVLXLVLGIDNLVFIXIXAXKLPPEQRDRAR
(SEQ ID NO: 133), LIGLSLALLMRLGLLASISWLVTLTQPLFEVFDKSFSGRDLIMLFGGVF
(SEQ ID NO: 134), LLFKATMELHERLEGHVAQRTGNVAYAMFWPIVAQIVVLDAVFSLDA
(SEQ ID NO: 135), VITAVGMVDELAVMMIAXIISIGLMIVASKPLTRFVNAHPTVIMLCLGF
(SEQ ID NO: 136),
LMMIGFALTAEGLGFHIPKGYLYAAIGFSILIELFNQIARSRRKKSAQGT (SEQ ID NO:
137), LPRRERTAHAVMRLLGGRNLAVEEVGEEVADLLDNPDANGGPLFDRRE (SEQ ID NO:
138), and/or RVMISGVLQLAERPIRTLMTPRAKVDSIDLSDDPXTIRLKLXIRLTRACP
(SEQ ID NO: 139). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are
also provided.
[0137] This gene is expressed primarily in CD34 positive cord blood
cells.
[0138] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, hematopoiesis or developmental disorders and diseases.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
CD34 positive cells, expression of this gene at significantly
higher or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or
cell types (e.g., immune, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or
bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0139] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 74 as residues: Asp-34 to
Pro-46. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0140] The tissue distribution in CD34 positive cord blood cells
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of
hematopoiesis disorders. Expression of this gene product in CD34
positive cord blood cells indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0141] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0142] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:25 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1950 of SEQ ID NO:25, b is an integer
of 15 to 1964, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:25, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0143] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 16
[0144] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with atrophin-1, which is thought to be important in
dentatorubral and pallidoluylsian atrophy (DRPLA), a progressive
neurological disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration.
[0145] This gene is expressed primarily in fetal brain.
[0146] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neural or developmental disorders and diseases,
particularly neurodegenerative conditions. Similarly, polypeptides
and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in
providing immunological probes for differential identification of
the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the
above tissues or cells, particularly of the nervous system,
expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is
routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural,
developmental, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids
(e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid
and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an
individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene
expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or
bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
[0147] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 75 as residues: Asn-20 to
Gly-27, Ser-49 to Trp-54, Leu-95 to Thr-101, Ala-140 to Pro-148.
Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[01291 The tissue distribution in fetal brain tissue, and the
homology to atrophin-1, indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and intervention of neurodegenerative diseases, including
dentatorubral and pallidoluylsian atrophy (DRPLA), and Huntington's
Disease. Additionally, the tissue distribution indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the detection/treatment of neurodegenerative disease
states and behavioural disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Tourette Syndrome,
schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia, obsessive compulsive
disorder, panic disorder, learning disabilities, ALS, psychoses,
autism, and altered behaviors, including disorders in feeding,
sleep patterns, balance, and perception. In addition, the gene or
gene product may also play a role in the treatment and/or detection
of developmental disorders associated with the developing embryo,
or sexually-linked disorders. Protein, as well as, antibodies
directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker
and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0148] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:26 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 919 of SEQ ID NO:26, b is an integer
of 15 to 933, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:26, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0149] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 17
[0150] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with a C. elegans protein F25H2.12 which is involved in
development (See GenBank Accession No.:
gnl.vertline.PID.vertline.e264283).
[0151] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: LLTSPVSWHSTVPSW (SEQ ID NO: 140).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0152] This gene is expressed primarily in tumors, such as lung
tumors, in immune tissues and cell types such as fetal liver/spleen
tissues, and in brain tissue such as infant brain tissue, and to a
lesser extent in other tissues.
[0153] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental disorders and diseases, tumorigenesis,
immune and inflammatory disorders, and neural diseases. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the tumor,
immune tissues and cell types, and brain, expression of this gene
at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, developmental, immune,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0154] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 76 as residues: Thr-3 to
Ser-8, Pro-30 to Pro-35, Asn-41 to Arg-47, Val-56 to His-62, Val-71
to Asp-76. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0155] The tissue distribution in immune, neural, and cancerous
tissues indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or
treatment of tumors, immune and inflammatory disorders, and neural
diseases. The tissue distribution in brain tissue indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the detection/treatment of neurodegenerative disease
states and behavioural disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Tourette Syndrome,
schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia, obsessive compulsive
disorder, panic disorder, learning disabilities, ALS, psychoses,
autism, and altered behaviors, including disorders in feeding,
sleep patterns, balance, and perception. In addition, the gene or
gene product may also play a role in the treatment and/or detection
of developmental disorders associated with the developing embryo,
or sexually-linked disorders. Alternatively, the expression of this
gene product in fetal liver/spleen tissue indicates a role in the
regulation of the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or
activation of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages,
including blood stem cells. This gene product is involved in the
regulation of cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other
processes that may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of
cancer (e.g. by boosting immune responses).
[0156] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Additionally, the tissue distribution in
cancerous tissues, such as cancerous lung tissue, indicates that
the translation product of this gene is useful for the diagnosis
and/or treatment of lung cancers, as well as cancers of other
tissues where expression has been observed. Protein, as well as,
antibodies directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor
marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed
tissues.
[0157] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:27 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1223 of SEQ ID NO:27, b is an integer
of 15 to 1237, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:27, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0158] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 18
[0159] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: SALSISNHQGFF (SEQ ID NO: 141).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0160] This gene is expressed primarily in activated T-cells.
[0161] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune or hematopoietic disorders and diseases.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the immune system, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., immune, hematopoietic, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0162] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 77 as residues: His-16 to
Asn-24, Trp-36 to Ala-43, His-59 to Leu-66, Glu-82 to Gly-90, Ser-1
13 to Trp-123, Pro-145 to Thr-154, Ala-1 64 to Pro-176.
Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0163] The tissue distribution of this gene primarily in activated
T-cells indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the treatment,
prophylaxis and/or diagnosis of immune and autoimmune diseases,
such as lupus, transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis,
asthma, immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, AIDS and that it may
also play a role in the treatment, prophlaxis and detection of
thymus disorders such as Grave's Disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis,
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Expression of this gene product
in T-cells indicates a role in the regulation of the proliferation;
survival; differentiation; and/or activation of potentially all
hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem cells. This gene
product is involved in the regulation of cytokine production,
antigen presentation, or other processes that may also suggest a
usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting immune
responses).
[0164] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in T cells also
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0165] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:28 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 946 of SEQ ID NO:28, b is an integer
of 15 to 960, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:28, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0166] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 19
[0167] When tested against fibroblast cell lines, supernatants
removed from cells containing this gene activated the EGR1 assay.
Thus, it is likely that this gene activates fibroblast cells, and
to a lesser extent other musculo-skeletal cells, through a signal
transduction pathway. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a promoter
associated with certain genes that induces various tissues and cell
types upon activation, leading the cells to undergo differentiation
and proliferation.
[0168] This gene is expressed primarily in testes tissue.
[0169] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, male reproductive and endocrine disorders, as well as
testicular cancer. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed
to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes
for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells,
particularly of the male reproductive system, expression of this
gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected
in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., testes, reproductive, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0170] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 78 as residues: Gly-33 to
Ser-44. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0171] The tissue distribution in testes tissue indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of male reproductive and
endocrine disorders. It may also prove to be valuable in the
diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer, as well as cancers of
other tissues where expression has been observed. Furthermore, the
tissue distribution indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the treatment and
diagnosis of conditions concerning proper testicular function (e.g.
endocrine function, sperm maturation), as well as cancer.
Therefore, this gene product is useful in the treatment of male
infertility and/or impotence. This gene product is also useful in
assays designed to identify binding agents, as such agents
(antagonists) are useful as male contraceptive agents. Similarly,
the protein is believed to be useful in the treatment and/or
diagnosis of testicular cancer. The testes are also a site of
active gene expression of transcripts that is expressed,
particularly at low levels, in other tissues of the body.
Therefore, this gene product is expressed in other specific tissues
or organs where it may play related functional roles in other
processes, such as hematopoiesis, inflammation, bone formation, and
kidney function, to name a few possible target indications.
Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the protein may
show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the
above listed tissues.
[0172] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:29 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1053 of SEQ ID NO:29, b is an integer
of 15 to 1067, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:29, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0173] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 20
[0174] This gene is expressed primarily in T-cells.
[0175] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune and hematopoietic diseases and disorders.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the immune system, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., immune, hematopoietic, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0176] The tissue distribution of this gene in T-cells indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the treatment, prophylaxis and diagnosis of immune
and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, transplant rejection,
allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma, immunodeficiency diseases,
leukemia, and AIDS. The gene or gene product may also play a role
in the treatment, prophlaxis and/or detection of thymus disorders
such as Grave's Disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidism. Expression of this gene product in T cells also
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0177] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:30 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1049 of SEQ ID NO:30, b is an integer
of 15 to 1063, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:30, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0178] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 21
[0179] This gene is expressed primarily in tonsils.
[0180] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, tonsilitis and immune disorders and diseases.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the immune system, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., immune, hematopoietic, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0181] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 80 as residues: Pro-35 to
Ser-40. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0182] The tissue distribution of this gene in tonsils, a lymphoid
tissue, indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the treatment,
prophylaxis and/or diagnosis of immune and autoimmune diseases, in
addition to tonsilitis and tonsilopharyngitis. Expression of this
gene product indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0183] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0184] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:31 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1416 of SEQ ID NO:31, b is an integer
of 15 to 1430, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:31, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0185] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 22
[0186] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is believed to reside
on chromosome 10. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
10.
[0187] This gene is expressed primarily in the corpus striatum (of
patient suffering from depression), as well as in bone marrow
tissue.
[0188] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neural disorders and diseases, particularly behavioral
disorders (e.g. depression) and hematopoeitic disorders (e.g.
anemias and immune deficiencies). Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the brain and immune system,
expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is
routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., brain,
immune, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g.,
lymph, serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or
another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such
a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0189] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 81 as residues: His-29 to
Asn-34. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0190] The tissue distribution in corpus striatum tissue of the
brain and in bone marrow tissue indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
treatment and/or diagnosis of patients suffering from depression,
but also perhaps other brain disorders and conditions such as
schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease,
Huntington's Disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
(TSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), aphasia, specific brain
tumors, mania, dementia, paranoia, addictive behavior and sleep
disorders. In addition, the expression in bone marrow tissue
indicates a role for the protein product of this gene in immune
deficiencies, anemias and other hematopoeitic conditions.
Furthermore, the tissue distribution in bone marrow indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the treatment and diagnosis of hematopoietic related
disorders such as anemia, pancytopenia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia or leukemia. The uses include bone marrow cell ex
vivo culture, bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow
reconstitution, radiotherapy or chemotherapy of neoplasia.
[0191] The gene product may also be involved in lymphopoiesis,
therefore, it can be used in immune disorders such as infection,
inflammation, allergy, immunodeficiency etc. In addition, this gene
product may have commercial utility in the expansion of stem cells
and committed progenitors of various blood lineages, and in the
differentiation and/or proliferation of various cell types.
Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the protein may
show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the
above listed tissues.
[0192] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:32 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1368 of SEQ ID NO:32, b is an integer
of 15 to 1382, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:32, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0193] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 23
[0194] When tested against fibroblast cell lines, supernatants
removed from cells containing this gene activated the EGR1 assay.
Thus, it is likely that this gene activates fibroblast cells, or
more generally, integumentary cells, in addition to other cells and
cell types, through a signal transduction pathway. Early growth
response 1 (EGR1) is a promoter associated with certain genes that
induces various tissues and cell types upon activation, leading the
cells to undergo differentiation and proliferation.
[0195] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 20. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
20.
[0196] This gene is expressed primarily in placental tissue,
endometrial cells and breast tissue, and to a lesser extent in a
variety of other tissues and cell types.
[0197] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental anomalies, fetal deficiencies,
endometrial cancers and reproductive disorders. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
reproductive system, expression of this gene at significantly
higher or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or
cell types (e.g., reproductive, developmental, placental, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid,synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0198] The tissue distribution in placental tissue, endometrial
tissue, and breast tissue indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
treatment and/or diagnosis of developmental abnormalities, fetal
deficiencies, reproductive disorders and ovarian or other
endometrial cancers, as well as cancers of other tissues where
expression has been observed. Furthermore, the tissue distribution
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of
disorders of the placenta. Specific expression within the placenta
indicates that this gene product may play a role in the proper
establishment and maintenance of placental function. Alternately,
this gene product is produced by the placenta and then transported
to the embryo, where it may play a crucial role in the development
and/or survival of the developing embryo or fetus. Expression of
this gene product in a vascular-rich tissue such as the placenta
also indicates that this gene product is produced more generally in
endothelial cells or within the circulation. In such instances, it
may play more generalized roles in vascular function, such as in
angiogenesis. It may also be produced in the vasculature and have
effects on other cells within the circulation, such as
hematopoietic cells. It may serve to promote the proliferation,
survival, activation, and/or differentiation of hematopoietic
cells, as well as other cells throughout the body. Additionally,
expression within embryonic tissue and other cellular sources
marked by proliferating cells indicates that this protein may play
a role in the regulation of cellular division, and may show utility
in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other proliferative
disorders. Similarly, embryonic development also involves decisions
involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in pattern
formation. Thus, this protein may also be involved in apoptosis or
tissue differentiation and could again be useful in cancer therapy.
Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the protein may
show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the
above listed tissues.
[0199] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:33 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1488 of SEQ ID NO:33, b is an integer
of 15 to 1502, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:33, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0200] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 24
[0201] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: HKGSGRPPTKEAMEPMELMEEMLGLWVSADTP
(SEQ ID NO: 142). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are
also provided.
[0202] This gene is expressed primarily in fast growing tissues and
cell types such as early developmental stage tissues (12-week old
embryonic tissues), immune tissues such as T-cells and bone marrow,
and tumor tissues such as skin tumors, and to a lesser extent in
other tissues.
[0203] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, developmental disorders, immune diseases, and
tumorigenesis. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to
these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the fast growing tissues and cell types such as early stage
developmental tissues, immune tissues, and tumor tissues,
expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is
routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g.,
developmental, immune, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily
fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial
fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from
an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene
expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or
bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
[0204] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 83 as residues: Asp-26 to
Asn-3 1, Ser-37 to His-49, Ala-65 to Ser-73. Polynucleotides
encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0205] The tissue distribution in immune, developing, and cancerous
tissues indicates that the protein product of this gene is useful
for the diagnosis and/or treatment of developmental disorders,
immune diseases, and tumors. The tissue distribution indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of a variety of immune
system disorders. Expression of this gene product in T-cells and
bone marrow indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0206] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Alternatively, the tissue distribution in skin
tumors indicates that the translation product of this gene is
useful for the disgnosis and/or treatment of skin tumors, as well
as tumors of other tissues where expression has been observed.
[0207] Moreover, expression within embryonic tissue and other
cellular sources marked by proliferating cells indicates that this
protein may play a role in the regulation of cellular division, and
may show utility in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other
proliferative disorders. Similarly, embryonic development also
involves decisions involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis
in pattern formation. Thus, this protein may also be involved in
apoptosis or tissue differentiation and could again be useful in
cancer therapy. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against
the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0208] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:34 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 713 of SEQ ID NO:34, b is an integer
of 15 to 727, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:34, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0209] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 25
[0210] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with a number of glycoprotein proteases (including a zinc
metallopeptidase Genbank Accession number Z99271) from parasites
such as Leishmania and Trypanosomes and the nematode Caenorhabditis
elegans. In addition, a zinc protease domain has been identified as
TVKHEVIHAL (SEQ ID NO: 143).
[0211] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following sequence (sequence A), or a fragment thereof which
retains the biological activity of a polypeptide comprising the
entire sequence. Protease activities are the preferred biological
activity. Assays for determining protease activity are known in the
art.
[0212] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
EXLLPEKKNLVKNKLLXXAISYLEKTFQVRRPAGTILLSRQCATNQYLRKEN- DPH
RYCTGECAAHTKCGPVIVPEEHLQQCRVYRGGKWPHGAVGVPDQEGISDADFVL
YVGALATERCSHENIISYAAYCQQEANMDRPIAGYANLCPNMISTQPQEFVGMLS
TVKHEVIHALGFSAGLFAFYHDKDGNPLTSRFADGLPPFNYSLGLYQWSDKVVR
KVXRLWDVRDNKIVRHTVYLLVTPRVVEEARKHFDCPVLEGMELENQGGVGTE
LNHWEKRLLENEAMTGSHTQNRVLSRITLALMEDTGWYKANYSMAEKLDWGR
GMGCDFVRKSCKFWIDQQRQKRQMLSPYCDTLRSNPLQLTCRQDQRAVAVCNL
QKFPKPLPQEYQYFDELSGIPAEDLPYYGGSVEIADYXPFSQEFSWHLSGEYQRSS
DCRILENQPEIFKNYGAEKYGPHSVCLIQKSAFVMEKCERKLSYPDWGSGCYQVS
CSPQGLKVWVQDTSYLCSRAGQVLPVSIQMNGWIHDGNLLCPSCWDFCELCPPE
TDPPATNLTRALPLDLCSCSS (SEQ ID NO: 144),
EXLLPEKKNLVKNKLLXXAISYLEKTFQVRRPA- GTILLSRQCATNQY (SEQ ID NO: 145),
LRKENDPHRYCTGECAAHTKCGPVIVPEEHLQQCRVYRGGK- WPHG (SEQ ID NO: 146),
AVGVPDQEGISDADFVLYVGALATERCSHENIISYAAYCQQEANM (SEQ ID NO: 147),
DRPIAGYANLCPNMISTQPQEFVGMLSTVKHEVIHALGFSAGLFAF (SEQ ID NO: 148),
YHDKDGNPLTSRFADGLPPFNYSLGLYQWSDKVVRKVXRLWDVRD (SEQ ID NO: 149),
NKIVRHTVYLLVTPRVVEEARKHFDCPVLEGMELENQGGVGTELNH (SEQ ID NO: 150),
WEKRLLENEAMTGSHTQNRVLSRITLALMEDTGWYKANYSMAEKL (SEQ ID NO: 151),
DWGRGMGCDFVRKSCKFWIDQQRQKRQMLSPYCDTLRSNPLQLTC (SEQ ID NO: 152),
RQDQRAVAVCNLQKFPKPLPQEYQYFDELSGIPAEDLPYYGGSVEIA (SEQ ID NO: 153),
DYXPFSQEFSWHLSGEYQRSSDCRILENQPEIFKNYGAEKYGPHSVCL (SEQ ID NO: 154),
IQKSAFVMEKCERKLSYPDWGSGCYQVSCSPQGLKVWVQDTSYLCS (SEQ ID NO: 155),
and/or RAGQVLPVSIQMNGWIHDGNLLCPSCWDFCELCPPETDPPATNLTRALPLDLCSC SS
(SEQ ID NO: 156). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are
also provided.
[0213] This gene is expressed primarily in testes tissue and
T-cells.
[0214] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune disorders and/or male infertility. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune
system and male reproductive system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune, reproductive, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0215] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 84 as residues: Met-1 to
Gly-6, Arg-11 to Gly-21. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides
are also provided.
[0216] The tissue distribution in testes tissue and T-cells, and
the homology to a cell surface marker, indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the treatment, prophylaxis and/or detection of male
infertility, in addition to immune and autoimmune diseases, such as
lupus, transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma,
immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and AIDS
[0217] The translation product of this gene may also play a role in
the treatment, prophlaxis and/or detection of thymus disorders such
as Grave's Disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism and
hypothyroidism. Expression of this gene product in T-cells
indicates a role in the regulation of the proliferation; survival;
differentiation; and/or activation of potentially all hematopoietic
cell lineages, including blood stem cells. This gene product is
involved in the regulation of cytokine production, antigen
presentation, or other processes that may also suggest a usefulness
in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting immune responses).
[0218] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in T cells
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Furthermore, the tissue distribution in testes
tissue indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the treatment and
diagnosis of conditions concerning proper testicular function (e.g.
endocrine function, sperm maturation), as well as cancer.
Therefore, this gene product is useful in the treatment of male
infertility and/or impotence. This gene product is also useful in
assays designed to identify binding agents, as such agents
(antagonists) are useful as male contraceptive agents. Similarly,
the protein is believed to be useful in the treatment and/or
diagnosis of testicular cancer. The testes are also a site of
active gene expression of transcripts that is expressed,
particularly at low levels, in other tissues of the body.
Therefore, this gene product is expressed in other specific tissues
or organs where it may play related functional roles in other
processes, such as hematopoiesis, inflammation, bone formation, and
kidney function, to name a few possible target indications.
Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the protein may
show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the
above listed tissues.
[0219] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:35 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1977 of SEQ ID NO:35, b is an integer
of 15 to 1991, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:35, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0220] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 26
[0221] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: IKEKLHVHG (SEQ ID NO: 157).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0222] This gene is expressed primarily in brain tissue, such as
the amygdala.
[0223] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neurological and behavioural disorders. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
nervous system expression of this gene at significantly higher or
lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types
(e.g., neural, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids
(e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0224] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 85 as residues: Arg-30 to
Tyr-39. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0225] The tissue distribution exclusively in brain tissues such as
the amygdala indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the detection and/or
treatment of neurodegenerative disease states and behavioural
disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease,
Huntington's Disease, schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia,
obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder. The amygdala
processes sensory information and relays this to other areas of the
brain including the endocrine and autonomic domains of the
hypothalamus and the brain stem. Therefore, the translation product
of this gene is involved in neuronal survival; synapse formation;
conductance; neural differentiation, etc. Such involvement may
impact many processes, such as learning and cognition. Protein, as
well as, antibodies directed against the protein may show utility
as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed
tissues.
[0226] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:36 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2307 of SEQ ID NO:36, b is an integer
of 15 to 2321, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:36, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0227] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 27
[0228] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: GFGVYILYA (SEQ ID NO: 158).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0229] When tested against U937 Myeloid cell lines, supernatants
removed from cells containing this gene activated the GAS assay.
Thus, it is likely that this gene activates myeloid cells, and to a
lesser extent other immune system cells, through the JAK-STAT
signal transduction pathway. The gamma activating sequence (GAS) is
a promoter element found upstream of many genes which are involved
in the JAK-STAT pathway. The JAK-STAT pathway is a large, signal
transduction pathway involved in the differentiation and
proliferation of cells. Therefore, activation of the JAK-STAT
pathway, reflected by the binding of the GAS element, can be used
to indicate proteins involved in the proliferation and
differentiation of cells.
[0230] This gene is expressed primarily in early development stage
tissues and anergic T cells.
[0231] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, growth and developmental disorders and immune and
inflammatory diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies
directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the early development stage
tissues and anergic T cells, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., developing, immune, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0232] The tissue distribution in embryonic and immune tissues
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the detection and/or treatment of growth
and developmental disorders and immune and inflammatory diseases.
The tissue distribution in T-cells indicates that polynucleotides
and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and treatment of a variety of immune system disorders.
Expression of this gene product in T-cells indicates a role in the
regulation of the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or
activation of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages,
including blood stem cells. This gene product is involved in the
regulation of cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other
processes that may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of
cancer (e.g. by boosting immune responses).
[0233] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Furthermore, expression within embryonic tissue
and other cellular sources marked by proliferating cells indicates
that this protein may play a role in the regulation of cellular
division, and may show utility in the diagnosis and treatment of
cancer and other proliferative disorders. Similarly, embryonic
development also involves decisions involving cell differentiation
and/or apoptosis in pattern formation. Thus, this protein may also
be involved in apoptosis or tissue differentiation and could again
be useful in cancer therapy. Protein, as well as, antibodies
directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker
and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0234] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:37 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1544 of SEQ ID NO:37, b is an integer
of 15 to 1558, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:37, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0235] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 28
[0236] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: KPSGTVYTLFSLNSGTL (SEQ ID NO: 159).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0237] This gene is expressed primarily in some activated
peripheral blood cells and disease tissues such as melanoma,
multiple sclerosis, and osteosarcoma, and to a lesser extent in
some other tissues such as gall bladder tissue.
[0238] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune and inflammatory disorders and various diseases
such as melanoma, multiple sclerosis, and osteosarcoma. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
peripheral blood cells and tissues affected by disease such as
melanoma, multiple sclerosis, and osteosarcoma, expression of this
gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected
in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., peripheral blood cells, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, bile, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or
another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such
a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0239] The tissue distribution peripheral blood cells, melanoma
tissue, multiple sclerosis tissue, and osteosarcoma tissue
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immune
and inflammatory disorders, and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore,
the tissue distribution indicates that the translation product of
this gene is useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of various
cancers, such as melanomas and osteosarcomas, as well as cancers of
other tissues where expression has been observed. Protein, as well
as, antibodies directed against the protein may show utility as a
tumor marker and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed
tissues.
[0240] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:38 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1687 of SEQ ID NO:38, b is an integer
of 15 to 1701, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:38, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0241] Features of Protein by Gene No: 29
[0242] This gene is expressed primarily in adipose tissue and
dendritic cells.
[0243] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, metabolic and immune disorders or diseases,
particularly obesity. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies
directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the immune, metabolic and
digestive systems, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., immune, metabolic, digestive, and cancerous and
wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell
sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to
the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0244] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 88 as residues: Ile-40 to
Glu-45, Cys-63 to Val-69, Glu-83 to Asn-94, Pro-107 to Cys-115,
Phe-137 to Ser-143, Ser-159 to Thr-167, Glu-200 to Tyr-210.
Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0245] The tissue distribution in primarily adipose tissue
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the treatment, diagnosis and/or
prophylaxis of obesity related disorders. In addition, expression
in dendritic cells indicates a potential role in the treatment,
diagnosis and/or prophylaxis of immune and autoimmune disorders
such as lupus, transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis,
asthma, immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and AIDS. The tissue
distribution in adipose tissue indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
treatment of obesity and other metabolic and endocrine conditions
or disorders. Furthermore, the protein product of this gene may
show utility in ameliorating conditions which occur secondary to
aberrant fatty-acid metabolism (e.g. aberrant myelin sheath
development), either directly or indirectly. Expression of this
gene product in dendritic cells indicates a role in the regulation
of the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation
of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood
stem cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of
cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other processes that
may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by
boosting immune responses).
[0246] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in dendritic
cells also strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune
function and immune surveillance. Protein, as well as, antibodies
directed against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker
and/or immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0247] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:39 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1889 of SEQ ID NO:39, b is an integer
of 15 to 1903, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:39, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0248] Features of Protein by Gene No: 30
[0249] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with ATP-dependent RNA helicases, which are thought to be
important in RNA binding and nucleic acid metabolism.
[0250] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: ADLTAVCSAWKPGAKPVGL (SEQ ID NO:
160). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0251] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 22. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
22.
[0252] This gene is expressed primarily in ovary tumor, infant
adrenal gland and white fat tissues, and to a lesser extent in many
other tissues including bladder, endometrial stromal cells, Jurkat
cells, pineal gland, and infant brain tissues.
[0253] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, disorders of the ovary or adrenal gland. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the
endocrine systems, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., endocrine, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or
bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid
and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an
individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene
expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or
bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
[0254] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 89 as residues: Gln-66 to
Cys-71, Thr-76 to Gly-81, His-87 to Asp-92. Polynucleotides
encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0255] The tissue distribution in the ovary and adrenal gland
tissues, and the homology to ATP-dependent RNA helicases, indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful as a hormone and/or endocrine with either systemic or
reproductive functions, as growth factors for germ cell maintenance
and in vitro culture, and as a tool for fertility control.
Furthermore, the translation product of this gene is useful for the
detection and/or treatment of sexual dysfunction or sex development
disorders as well as ovarian tumors, such as serous adenocarcinoma,
dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma,
for example. The tissue distribution of the gene product may also
indicate its function as a hormone. Additionally, the homology to
ATP-dependent RNA helicases indicates that the translation product
of this gene is utilized for the intervention of RNA viral
infections. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0256] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:40 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1266 of SEQ ID NO:40, b is an integer
of 15 to 1280, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:40, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0257] Features of Protein by Gene No: 31
[0258] The translation product of this gene shares limited sequence
homology with urokinase inhibitor, which is thought to be important
in the inhibition of urokinase enzymatic activity.
[0259] This gene is expressed primarily in frontal cortex tissue of
the brain.
[0260] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders and
diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the central nervous system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, cardiovascular, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0261] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 90 as residues: Pro-31 to
Pro-37. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0262] The tissue distribution in frontal cortex tissue of the
brain, and the homology to urokinase inhibitor, indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or intervention of neurodegenerative
diseases, in preventing tumour metastasis, in ovulation and uterine
ovum implantation, and as anti-neoplastic agents. Representative
uses are described in the "Regeneration" and "Hyperproliferative
Disorders" sections below, in Example 11, 15, and 18, and elsewhere
herein. Furthermore, elevated expression of this gene product
within the frontal cortex of the brain indicates that it is
involved in neuronal survival; synapse formation; conductance;
neural differentiation, etc. Such involvement may impact many
processes, such as learning and cognition. It may also be useful in
the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as schizophrenia;
ALS; or Alzheimer's. The protein is useful for the detection,
treatment, and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine biological
activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to isolate
cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that modulate
their interactions, in addition to its use as a nutritional
supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0263] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:41 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1904 of SEQ ID NO:41, b is an integer
of 15 to 1918, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:41, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0264] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 32
[0265] When tested against sensory neuronal cell lines,
supernatants removed from cells containing this gene activated the
EGR1 assay. Thus, it is likely that this gene activates sensory
neuron cells, and to a lesser extent other neuronal cells, in
addition to other cells or cell types, through a signal
transduction pathway. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a promoter
associated with certain genes that induces various tissues and cell
types upon activation, leading the cells to undergo differentiation
and proliferation.
[0266] This gene is expressed primarily in frontal cortex tissue of
the brain.
[0267] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neural disorders and diseases. Similarly, polypeptides
and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in
providing immunological probes for differential identification of
the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the
above tissues or cells, particularly of the brain, expression of
this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely
detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., brain, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0268] The tissue distribution in frontal cortex tissue of the
brain, in conjunction with the biological activity data, indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of neural disorders.
Representative uses are described in the "Regeneration" and
"Hyperproliferative Disorders" sections below, in Example 11, 15,
and 18, and elsewhere herein. Elevated expression of this gene
product within the frontal cortex of the brain indicates that it is
involved in neuronal survival; synapse formation; conductance;
neural differentiation, etc. Such involvement may impact many
processes, such as learning and cognition. It may also be useful in
the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as schizophrenia;
ALS; or Alzheimer's. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to
determine biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0269] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:42 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1254 of SEQ ID NO:42, b is an integer
of 15 to 1268, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:42, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0270] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 33
[0271] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 3. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
3.
[0272] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
GSNKLINHLEQCSIGWIFVCLFVCCYSFCVMFCIQQKWLFSFLFYEVGLMGIDSLR
KKYNCKSVEVFPSQDVKCQRSDSCGRMGSKLYKSLEMNEVRQLSLRQKTM (SEQ ID NO:
162). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0273] This gene is expressed primarily in synovial membrane and
adipose tissues, as well as in T-cells.
[0274] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, skeletal disorders, synovioma, synovitis, obesity, and
immune disorders and diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the immune and metabolic systems,
and the body's connective tissue, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., musculo-skeletal, immune,
metabolic, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids
(e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0275] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 92 as residues: Ser-24 to
Cys-31, Gln-40 to Gly-51, Leu-71 to Met-76. Polynucleotides
encoding said polypeptides are also provided.
[0276] The tissue distribution of this gene primarily in synovial
fluid, in adipose tissue, and in T-cells indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the treatment, detection and/or prophlaxis of disease
states associated with these cell types including synovioma,
synovitis, obesity, immune and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus,
transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma,
immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and AIDS. Representative uses
are described in the "Immune Activity" and "infectious disease"
sections below, in Example 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and
elsewhere herein. The distribution in adipose tissue indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic and
endocrine conditions or disorders. Furthermore, the protein product
of this gene may show utility in ameliorating conditions which
occur secondary to aberrant fatty-acid metabolism (e.g. aberrant
myelin sheath development), either directly or indirectly. In
addition, the expression of this gene product in synovium indicates
a role in the detection and treatment of disorders and conditions
affecting the skeletal system, in particular osteoporosis as well
as disorders afflicting connective tissues (e.g. arthritis, trauma,
tendonitis, chrondomalacia and inflammation), such as in the
diagnosis or treatment of various autoimmune disorders such as
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis as
well as dwarfism, spinal deformation, and specific joint
abnormalities as well as chondrodysplasias (ie. spondyloepiphyseal
dysplasia congenita, familial arthritis, Atelosteogenesis type II,
metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid). Expression of this gene
product in T-cells indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0277] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in T cells also
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Protein is useful in modulating the immune
response, particularly to proliferating or abberrant cells or
cell-types. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine
biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to
isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that
modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as a
nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0278] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:43 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1187 of SEQ ID NO:43, b is an integer
of 15 to 1201, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:43, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0279] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 34
[0280] This gene is expressed primarily in brain and pancreas tumor
tissues.
[0281] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neural diseases and tumors, particularly of the
pancreas. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the brain tissue and pancreas tumor, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, metabolic, pancreas,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, bile, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or
another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such
a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0282] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 93 as residues: Thr-50 to
Phe-55. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0283] The tissue distribution in brain tissue and pancreatic tumor
tissue indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or
treatment of neural diseases and tumors, particularly pancreatic
tumors. Representative uses are described in the "Regeneration" and
"Hyperproliferative Disorders" sections below, in Example 11, 15,
and 18, and elsewhere herein. The distribution in brain tissue
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the detection/treatment of
neurodegenerative disease states and behavioural disorders such as
Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease,
Tourette Syndrome, schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia,
obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, learning
disabilities, ALS, psychoses, autism, and altered behaviors,
including disorders in feeding, sleep patterns, balance, and
perception. In addition, the gene or gene product may also play a
role in the treatment and/or detection of developmental disorders
associated with the developing embryo, or sexually-linked
disorders. Alternatively, the tissue distribution in pancreatic
tumor tissue indicates that the translation product of this gene is
useful for the detection and/or treatment of pancreatic tumors, as
well as tumors of other tissues where expression has been observed.
Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine biological
activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to isolate
cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that modulate
their interactions, in addition to its use as a nutritional
supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0284] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:44 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 805 of SEQ ID NO:44, b is an integer
of 15 to 819, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:44, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0285] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 35
[0286] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence:
TWATSSVVARXTHHLFPPHSGISVNIQDLAPSCAGFLFGVANTAGALAGVVG- VC LGGYL (SEQ
ID NO: 163). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0287] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
TWATSSVVARXTHHLFPPHSGISVNIQDLAPSCAGFLFGVANTAGALAGVVGVC
LGGYLMETTGSWTCLFNLVAIISNLGLCTFLVFGQAQRVD LSSTHEDL (SEQ ID NO: 164).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0288] This gene is expressed primarily in fetal liver/spleen
tissue, and to a lesser extent in a variety of other tissues.
[0289] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune or hematopoietic disorders and diseases,
including leukemias, lymphomas, arthritis and asthma. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune
system, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower
levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types
(e.g., immune, hematopoietic, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or
bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, amniotic fluid, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0290] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 94 as residues: Met-i to
Ser-6, Ser-38 to Leu-43. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides
are also provided.
[0291] The tissue distribution in fetal liver/spleen tissue
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immune
disorders including: leukemias, lymphomas, auto-immunities,
immunodeficiencies(e.g. AIDS), immuno-supressive conditions
(e.g.transplantation) and hematopoeitic disorders. Representative
uses are described in the "Immune Activity" and "infectious
disease" sections below, in Example 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and
27, and elsewhere herein. In addition this gene product is
applicable in conditions of general microbial infection,
inflammation or cancer. Furthermore, expression of this gene
product in fetal liver/spleen tissues indicates a role in the
regulation of the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or
activation of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages,
including blood stem cells. This gene product is involved in the
regulation of cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other
processes that may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of
cancer (e.g. by boosting immune responses).
[0292] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to
determine biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0293] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:45 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1552 of SEQ ID NO:45, b is an integer
of 15 to 1566, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:45, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0294] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 36
[0295] This gene is expressed primarily in infant brain
tissues.
[0296] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neural and/or developmental disorders and diseases.
Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these
polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for
differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a
number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of
the central nervous system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., brain, developmental, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0297] The tissue distribution in infant brain tissue indicates
that the product of this gene is useful for the diagnosis and/or
treatment of central nervous system and neurodegenerative
disorders. Representative uses are described in the "Regeneration"
and "Hyperproliferative Disorders" sections below, in Example 11,
15, and 18, and elsewhere herein. Representative uses are described
in the "Regeneration" and "Hyperproliferative Disorders" sections
below, in Example 11, 15, and 18, and elsewhere herein.
Polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the detection/treatment of neurodegenerative disease
states and behavioural disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Tourette Syndrome,
schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia, obsessive compulsive
disorder, panic disorder, learning disabilities, ALS, psychoses,
autism, and altered behaviors, including disorders in feeding,
sleep patterns, balance, and perception. In addition, the gene or
gene product may also play a role in the treatment and/or detection
of developmental disorders associated with the developing embryo,
or sexually-linked disorders. Moreover, the expression within
infant tissue indicates this protein may play a role in the
regulation of cellular division, and may show utility in the
diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other proliferative
disorders. Similarly, developmental tissues rely on decisions
involving cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in pattern
formation.
[0298] Dysregulation of apoptosis can result in inappropriate
suppression of cell death, as occurs in the development of some
cancers, or in failure to control the extent of cell death, as is
believed to occur in acquired immunodeficiency and certain
neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Therefore, the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present
invention are useful in treating, detecting, and/or preventing said
disorders and conditions, in addition to other types of
degenerative conditions. Thus this protein may modulate apoptosis
or tissue differentiation and is useful in the detection,
treatment, and/or prevention of degenerative or proliferative
conditions and diseases. Furthermore, the protein may also be used
to determine biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement.
[0299] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:46 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2080 of SEQ ID NO:46, b is an integer
of 15 to 2094, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:46, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0300] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 37
[0301] This gene is expressed primarily in apoptotic T-cells and
T-cell lymphoma.
[0302] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune or hematopoietic disorders and diseases,
particularly those relating to T-cell disorders, such as
immunodeficiencies. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed
to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes
for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells,
particularly of the immune system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune, hematopoietic, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0303] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 96 as residues: Cys-32 to
Asn-37. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0304] The tissue distribution in T-cells and T-cell lymphoma
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immune
system disorders. Representative uses are described in the "Immune
Activity" and "infectious disease" sections below, in Example 11,
13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and elsewhere herein. Expression of
this gene product in T-cells indicates a role in the regulation of
the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0305] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in T cells also
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to
determine biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0306] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:47 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 942 of SEQ ID NO:47, b is an integer
of 15 to 956, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:47, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0307] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 38
[0308] The polypeptide of this gene has been determined to have
eleven potential transmembrane domains at about amino acid position
2-18, 77-93, 128-144, 180-196, 201-217, 258-274, 279-295, 314-330,
343-359, 380-396, and/or 414-430 of the amino acid sequence
referenced in Table 1 for this gene. Based upon these
characteristics, it is believed that the protein product of this
gene shares structural features to type IlIb membrane proteins.
[0309] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
GGGQRXARLPEAGCEGRERCWNPSRSRSHSGEGGLAAWSRTCPGRPRRPGQQVV
RGPTMLVTAYLAFVGLLASCLGLELSRCRAKPPGRACSNPSFLRFQLDFYQVYFL
ALAADWLQAPYLYKLYQHYYFLEGQIAILYVCGLASTVLFGLVASSLVDWLGRK
NSCVLFSLTYSLCCLTKLSQDYFVLLVGRALGGLSTALLFSAFEAWY
IHEHVERHDFPAEWIPATFARAAFW- NHVLAVVAGVAAEAVASWIGLGPVAPFVA
AIPLLALAGALALRNWGENYDRQRAFSRTCAGGLRCLLSDRRVL- LLGTIQALFES
VIFIFVFLWTPVLDPHGAPLGIIFSSFMAASLLGSSLYRIATSKRYHLQPMHLLSLA
VLIVVFSLFMLTFSTSPGQESPVESFIAFLLIELACGLYFPSMSFLRRKVIPETEQAG
VLNWFRVPLHSLACLGLLVLHDSDRKTGTRNMFSICSAVMVMALLAVVGLFTVV RH
DAELRVPSPTEEPYAPEL (SEQ ID NO: 167). Polynucleotides encoding these
polypeptides are also provided.
[0310] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: DSPLTVLPEDGYGSDSHLSSQVVRGPT (SEQ ID
NO: 165). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0311] A preferred polypeptide fragment of the invention comprises
the following amino acid sequence:
MLVTAYLAFVGLLASCLGLELSRCRAKPPGRACSNPSFLRFQ- LDFYQVYFLALAA
DWLQAPYLYKLYQHYYFLEGQIAILYVCGLASTVLFGLVASSLVDWLGRKNSCV
LFSLTYSLCCLTKLSQDYFVLLVGRALGGLSTAALLSLRGLVYP (SEQ ID NO: 166).
Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0312] This gene is expressed primarily in activated T-cells and
human testes tumor.
[0313] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, disorders relating to the immune system, and T-cells in
particular, as well as male reproductive diseases. Similarly,
polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are
useful in providing immunological probes for differential
identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of
disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune
system and male reproductive system, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune, reproductive, and
cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, synovial fluid and spinal
fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual
having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression
level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid
from an individual not having the disorder.
[0314] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 97 as residues: Arg-23 to
Ser-34, Asn-221 to Phe-232, Thr-303 to His-308, Ser-334 to Pro-340,
Asp-398 to Asn-407, Pro-439 to Ala-447. Polynucleotides encoding
said polypeptides are also provided.
[0315] The tissue distribution in testes tumor tissue and T-cells
indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to
this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immune
and male reproductive disorders. Representative uses are described
in the "Immune Activity" and "infectious disease" sections below,
in Example 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and elsewhere
herein. Expression of this gene product in T-cells indicates a role
in the regulation of the proliferation; survival; differentiation;
and/or activation of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages,
including blood stem cells. This gene product is involved in the
regulation of cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other
processes that may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of
cancer (e.g. by boosting immune responses).
[0316] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in T cells also
strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function and
immune surveillance. Furthermore, the tissue distribution indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the treatment and diagnosis of conditions concerning
proper testicular function (e.g. endocrine function, sperm
maturation), as well as cancer. Therefore, this gene product is
useful in the treatment of male infertility and/or impotence.
[0317] This gene product is also useful in assays designed to
identify binding agents, as such agents (antagonists) are useful as
male contraceptive agents. Similarly, the protein is believed to be
useful in the treatment and/or diagnosis of testicular cancer. The
testes are also a site of active gene expression of transcripts
that is expressed, particularly at low levels, in other tissues of
the body. Therefore, this gene product is expressed in other
specific tissues or organs where it may play related functional
roles in other processes, such as hematopoiesis, inflammation, bone
formation, and kidney function, to name a few possible target
indications. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine
biological activity, raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to
isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that
modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as a
nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0318] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:48 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1845 of SEQ ID NO:48, b is an integer
of 15 to 1859, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:48, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0319] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 39
[0320] The translation product of this gene shares sequence
homology with the human PEX gene (See Genbank Accession No.:
Y10196).
[0321] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: VEAIFSELVIVLNKMSHCVLSGT (SEQ ID NO:
168). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0322] The polypeptide of this gene has been determined to have a
transmembrane domain at about amino acid position 13-29 of the
amino acid sequence referenced in Table 1 for this gene. Based upon
these characteristics, it is believed that the protein product of
this gene shares structural features to type II membrane
proteins.
[0323] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
VEAIFSELVIVLNKMSHCVLSGTMQAHPIFIYHKRVFFLLKFIFYIIFCFFFLDISTLY
CSLSTFCKK (SEQ ID NO: 169). Polynucleotides encoding these
polypeptides are also provided.
[0324] This gene is expressed primarily in amniotic cells, ovarian
cancer, and fetal heart tissue.
[0325] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, reproductive and developmental diseases or disorders
and diseases of the circulatory system. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the central nervous system,
reproductive and circulatory systems, expression of this gene at
significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., central nervous system,
reproductive, circulatory, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or
bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0326] The tissue distribution in fetal heart, ovarian cancer, and
amniotic cells, and the homology to human PEX gene, indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases of the
central nervous system, reproductive and circulatory systems.
Representative uses are described in the "Chemotaxis" and "Binding
Activity" sections below, in Examples 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
19, and 20, and elsewhere herein. The tissue distribution in fetal
heart tissue indicates that the protein product of this gene is
useful for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and
pathologies of the cardiovascular system, such as heart disease,
restenosis, atherosclerosis, stoke, angina, thrombosis, and wound
healing. Furthermore, the tissue distribution in ovarian cancer
tissue indicates that the translation product of this gene is
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of ovarian cancer, as
well as cancers of other tissues where expression has been
observed. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine
biological activity, raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to
isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that
modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as a
nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0327] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:49 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1447 of SEQ ID NO:49, b is an integer
of 15 to 1461, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:49, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0328] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 40
[0329] Preferred polypeptides of the invention comprise the
following amino acid sequence: KPTKMPLLWVWALLAAVSQPELWYRE (SEQ ID
NO: 170). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also
provided.
[0330] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
KPTKMPLLWVWALIAAVSQPELWYREMGVLLLFSFFFPNGSFSPVVLPSYFPNSSS
YFVFCTSFWRPLSFQKG (SEQ ID NO: 171). Polynucleotides encoding these
polypeptides are also provided.
[0331] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 1. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
1.
[0332] This gene is expressed primarily in ovarian tumor, tissue
affected by multiple sclerosis, and bladder tissue from a
female.
[0333] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, disorders in female reproductive and urinary systems,
and nervous system disorders. Similarly, polypeptides and
antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the reproductive, urinary, and
central nervous systems, expression of this gene at significantly
higher or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or
cell types (e.g., reproductive, neural, and cancerous and wounded
tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0334] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 99 as residues: Phe-25 to
Ser-30. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0335] The tissue distribution in ovarian tumor tissue, bladder and
multiple sclerosis tissues indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
diagnosis and/or treatment of reproductive, urinary, and central
nervous systems disorders. Representative uses are described in the
"Hyperproliferative Disorders" and "Regeneration" sections below
and elsewhere herein. The tissue distribution in ovarian cancer
tissue indicates that the translation product of this gene is
useful for the detection and/or treatment of ovarian cancer, as
well as cancers of other tissues where expression has been
observed. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine
biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to
isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that
modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as a
nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0336] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:50 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 1224 of SEQ ID NO:50, b is an integer
of 15 to 1238, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:50, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0337] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 41
[0338] The polypeptide of this gene has been determined to have a
transmembrane domain at about amino acid position 5-21 of the amino
acid sequence referenced in Table 1 for this gene. Moreover, a
cytoplasmic tail encompassing amino acids 22 to 50 of this protein
has also been determined. Based upon these characteristics, it is
believed that the protein product of this gene shares structural
features to type Ib membrane proteins.
[0339] The gene encoding the disclosed cDNA is thought to reside on
chromosome 5. Accordingly, polynucleotides related to this
invention are useful as a marker in linkage analysis for chromosome
5.
[0340] This gene is expressed primarily in stromal cells, and was
found in a cDNA library derived from fetal liver and spleen.
[0341] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, disorders in connective tissue, and the immune and
hematopoietic systems. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies
directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the muscular and skeletal system,
and immune system, expression of this gene at significantly higher
or lower levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell
types (e.g., immune, hematopoietic, musculo-skeletal, and cancerous
and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma,
urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell
sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to
the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0342] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 100 as residues: Pro-28 to
Ser-37. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0343] The tissue distribution in stromal cells indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of connective tissue and
immune system disorders. Representative uses are described in the
"Immune Activity" and "infectious disease" sections below, in
Example 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and elsewhere herein.
The tissue distribution indicates that polynucleotides and
polypeptides corresponding to this gene are useful for the
treatment and diagnosis of hematopoietic related disorders such as
anemia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or leukemia,
since stromal cells are important in the production of cells of
hematopoietic lineages. The uses include bone marrow cell ex vivo
culture, bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow reconstitution,
radiotherapy or chemotherapy of neoplasia.
[0344] The gene product may also be involved in lymphopoiesis,
therefore, it can be used in immune disorders such as infection,
inflammation, allergy, immunodeficiency etc. In addition, this gene
product may have commercial utility in the expansion of stem cells
and committed progenitors of various blood lineages, and in the
differentiation and/or proliferation of various cell types.
Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine biological
activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to isolate
cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that modulate
their interactions, in addition to its use as a nutritional
supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues.
[0345] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:51 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2567 of SEQ ID NO:51, b is an integer
of 15 to 2581, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:51, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0346] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 42
[0347] This gene is expressed primarily in infant brain and ovarian
cancer, and to a lesser extent in adrenal gland tumor tissue.
[0348] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, disorders in the nervous system and female reproductive
system, as well as cancers. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies
directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the central nervous system,
endocrine, and female reproductive system, expression of this gene
at significantly higher or lower levels is routinely detected in
certain tissues or cell types (e.g., neural, reproductive,
endocrine, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids
(e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid
and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an
individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene
expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or
bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
[0349] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 101 as residues: Leu-24 to
Ser-29. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0350] The tissue distribution in infant brain tissue and cancerous
tissues of ovarian and adrenal gland nature indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of central nervous system
and female reproductive system disorders. Representative uses are
described in the "Hyperproliferative Disorders" and "Regeneration"
sections below and elsewhere herein. The tissue distribution in
cancerous tissues of the ovaries and adrenal glands indicates that
the translation product of this gene is useful for the detection
and/or treatment of cancers of the endocrine (adrenal glands) and
female reproductive (ovaries) systems, as well as cancers of other
tissues and systems where expression has been observed.
[0351] Alternatively, the tissue distribution in infant brain
tissue indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the detection/treatment
of neurodegenerative disease states and behavioural disorders such
as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease,
Tourette Syndrome, schizophrenia, mania, dementia, paranoia,
obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, learning
disabilities, ALS, psychoses, autism, and altered behaviors,
including disorders in feeding, sleep patterns, balance, and
perception. In addition, the gene or gene product may also play a
role in the treatment and/or detection of developmental disorders
associated with the developing embryo, or sexually-linked
disorders. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to determine
biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue markers, to
isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify agents that
modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as a
nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0352] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:52 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 977 of SEQ ID NO:52, b is an integer
of 15 to 991, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:52, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0353] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 43
[0354] In another embodiment, polypeptides comprising the amino
acid sequence of the open reading frame upstream of the predicted
signal peptide are contemplated by the present invention.
Specifically, polypeptides of the invention comprise the following
amino acid sequence:
CFTHWNVFPRLWMTSFLMERVQEGWKTPGFKLSIPHMGFSIIFRPEAARPEVRLH
LSALFVLLLATLGFLLGTMCGCGMCEQKGG (SEQ ID NO: 172). Polynucleotides
encoding these polypeptides are also provided.
[0355] This gene is expressed primarily in fetal liver/spleen
tissue, and to a lesser extent in placental tissue.
[0356] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, immune and hematopoiesis disorders, and proper
placental maintanence. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies
directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing
immunological probes for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the above
tissues or cells, particularly of the immune and developing
systems, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower
levels is routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types
(e.g., immune, placental, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or
bodily fluids (e.g., lymph, serum, plasma, urine, amniotic fluid,
synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample
taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the
standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in
healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the
disorder.
[0357] Preferred polypeptides of the present invention comprise
immunogenic epitopes shown in SEQ ID NO: 102 as residues: Cys-44 to
Gly-49. Polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides are also
provided.
[0358] The tissue distribution in fetal liver/spleen and placental
tissues indicates that polynucleotides and polypeptides
corresponding to this gene are useful for the diagnosis and/or
treament of immune disorders. Representative uses are described in
the "Immune Activity" and "infectious disease" sections below, in
Example 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and elsewhere herein.
The tissue distribution in placental tissue indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of disorders of the
placenta. Specific expression within the placenta indicates that
this gene product may play a role in the proper establishment and
maintenance of placental function.
[0359] Alternately, this gene product is produced by the placenta
and then transported to the embryo, where it may play a crucial
role in the development and/or survival of the developing embryo or
fetus. Expression of this gene product in a vascular-rich tissue
such as the placenta also indicates that this gene product is
produced more generally in endothelial cells or within the
circulation. In such instances, it may play more generalized roles
in vascular function, such as in angiogenesis. It may also be
produced in the vasculature and have effects on other cells within
the circulation, such as hematopoietic cells. It may serve to
promote the proliferation, survival, activation, and/or
differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as other cells
throughout the body. Furthermore, the tissue distribution indicates
that polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene
are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of immune
system disorders. Expression of this gene product in fetal
liver/spleen tissue indicates a role in the regulation of the
proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation of
potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood stem
cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of cytokine
production, antigen presentation, or other processes that may also
suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by boosting
immune responses).
[0360] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Furthermore, the protein may also be used to
determine biological activity, to raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0361] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:53 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 2408 of SEQ ID NO:53, b is an integer
of 15 to 2422, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:53, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
[0362] Features of Protein Encoded by Gene No: 44
[0363] This gene is expressed primarily in neutrophils.
[0364] Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention
are useful as reagents for differential identification of the
tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for
diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not
limited to, neutropenia and neutrophilia. Similarly, polypeptides
and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in
providing immunological probes for differential identification of
the tissue(s) or cell type(s). For a number of disorders of the
above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune system,
expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels is
routinely detected in certain tissues or cell types (e.g., immune,
and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., lymph,
serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) or another
tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a
disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the
expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an
individual not having the disorder.
[0365] The tissue distribution in neutrophils indicates that
polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to this gene are
useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immune system
disorders. Representative uses are described in the "Imnmune
Activity" and "infectious disease" sections below, in Example 11,
13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 27, and elsewhere herein. Expression of
this gene product in neutrophils indicates a role in the regulation
of the proliferation; survival; differentiation; and/or activation
of potentially all hematopoietic cell lineages, including blood
stem cells. This gene product is involved in the regulation of
cytokine production, antigen presentation, or other processes that
may also suggest a usefulness in the treatment of cancer (e.g. by
boosting immune responses).
[0366] Since the gene is expressed in cells of lymphoid origin, the
gene or protein, as well as, antibodies directed against the
protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or immunotherapy
targets for the above listed tissues. Therefore it is also used as
an agent for immunological disorders including arthritis, asthma,
immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, acne, and psoriasis.
In addition, this gene product may have commercial utility in the
expansion of stem cells and committed progenitors of various blood
lineages, and in the differentiation and/or proliferation of
various cell types. Expression of this gene product in neutrophils
also strongly indicates a role for this protein in immune function
and immune surveillance. Furthermore, the protein may also be used
to determine biological activity, raise antibodies, as tissue
markers, to isolate cognate ligands or receptors, to identify
agents that modulate their interactions, in addition to its use as
a nutritional supplement. Protein, as well as, antibodies directed
against the protein may show utility as a tumor marker and/or
immunotherapy targets for the above listed tissues.
[0367] Many polynucleotide sequences, such as EST sequences, are
publicly available and accessible through sequence databases. Some
of these sequences are related to SEQ ID NO:54 and may have been
publicly available prior to conception of the present invention.
Preferably, such related polynucleotides are specifically excluded
from the scope of the present invention. To list every related
sequence is cumbersome. Accordingly, preferably excluded from the
present invention are one or more polynucleotides comprising a
nucleotide sequence described by the general formula of a-b, where
a is any integer between 1 to 971 of SEQ ID NO:54, b is an integer
of 15 to 985, where both a and b correspond to the positions of
nucleotide residues shown in SEQ ID NO:54, and where b is greater
than or equal to a+14.
2TABLE 1 5' NT NT of AA First Last ATCC .TM. SEQ 5' NT 3' NT 5' NT
First SEQ AA AA First Last Deposit ID Total of of of AA of ID of of
AA of AA Gene cDNA Nr and NO: NT Clone Clone Start Signal NO: Sig
Sig Secreted of No. Clone ID Date Vector X Seq. Seq. Seq. Codon Pep
Y Pep Pep Portion ORF 1 HDPOW86 209603 pCMVSport 11 1810 58 1810
192 192 60 1 18 19 307 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 2 HSYAG26 209603 pCMVSport
12 2353 31 1721 39 39 61 1 22 23 578 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 3 HLHCH40
209603 Uni-ZAP XR 13 928 1 928 43 43 62 1 13 14 184 Jan. 29, 1998 3
HLHCH40 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 55 932 13 932 53 53 104 1 16 17 122 Jan.
29, 1998 4 HSDEK49 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 14 1590 96 1590 126 126 63 1
21 22 305 Jan. 29, 1998 5 HLMBO76 209603 Lambda ZAP 15 815 1 795 43
43 64 1 43 44 107 Jan. 29, 1998 II 6 HLQDR48 209603 Lambda ZAP 16
990 1 990 3 3 65 1 21 22 190 Jan. 29, 1998 II 7 HOHBY12 209603
pCMVSport 17 1188 1 1188 232 232 66 1 25 26 199 Jan. 29, 1998 2.0 8
HOSEK86 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 18 1605 1 1605 81 81 67 1 35 36 61 Jan.
29, 1998 9 HAJBZ75 209603 pCMVSport 19 2089 10 2085 49 49 68 1 22
23 607 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 10 HAGCH75 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 20 1281 1
1281 80 80 69 1 17 18 89 Jan. 29, 1998 11 HE8MH91 209603 Uni-ZAP XR
21 1761 1 1761 63 63 70 1 23 24 116 Jan. 29, 1998 12 HISCJ55 209603
pSport1 22 1189 1 1189 151 151 71 1 21 22 139 Jan. 29, 1998 13
HKISB57 209603 pBluescript 23 1492 1 1439 130 130 72 1 20 21 95
Jan. 29, 1998 14 HTEBJ71 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 24 1608 1 1608 51 51 73
1 20 21 77 Jan. 29, 1998 15 HCWKR01 209603 ZAP Express 25 1964 1
1964 65 65 74 1 28 29 54 Jan. 29, 1998 16 HFCEW05 209603 Uni-ZAP XR
26 933 1 933 34 34 75 1 18 19 209 Jan. 29, 1998 17 HCEPF19 209603
Uni-ZAP XR 27 1237 51 1224 292 292 76 1 25 26 104 Jan. 29, 1998 18
HTACZ01 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 28 960 1 960 60 60 77 1 17 18 176 Jan.
29, 1998 18 HTACZ01 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 56 957 1 957 53 53 105 1 17
18 55 Jan. 29, 1998 19 HUDAM89 209603 ZAP Express 29 1067 1 1067 15
15 78 1 20 21 44 Jan. 29, 1998 20 HSAXF60 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 30 1063
1 1063 198 198 79 1 21 22 70 Jan. 29, 1998 21 HTOGR42 209603
Uni-ZAP XR 31 1430 1 1430 14 14 80 1 18 19 56 Jan. 29, 1998 21
HTOGR42 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 57 1433 1 1433 13 13 106 1 18 19 60 Jan.
29, 1998 22 HMVBN46 209603 pSport1 32 1382 1 1382 10 10 81 1 19 20
48 Jan. 29, 1998 23 HUVEB53 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 33 1502 1 1502 14 14
82 1 20 21 45 Jan. 29, 1998 24 HSVBU91 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 34 727 1
727 256 256 83 1 18 19 90 Jan. 29, 1998 25 HTXFL30 209603 Uni-ZAP
XR 35 1991 1 1991 30 30 84 1 39 40 102 Jan. 29, 1998 26 HAGAM64
209603 Uni-ZAP XR 36 2321 1 2321 57 57 85 1 31 32 44 Jan. 29, 1998
27 HE2PH36 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 37 1558 1 1558 28 28 86 1 21 22 66
Jan. 29, 1998 28 HGBDY06 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 38 1701 48 1701 196 196
87 1 23 24 71 Jan. 29, 1998 29 HWBAO62 209603 pCMVSport 39 1903 1
1903 52 52 88 1 30 31 212 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 29 HWBAO62 209603
pCMVSport 58 1940 1 1940 81 81 107 1 30 31 101 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 30
HBAFJ33 209603 pSport1 40 1280 1 1252 60 60 89 1 15 16 110 Jan. 29,
1998 31 HFXDJ75 209603 Lambda ZAP 41 1918 1 1914 44 44 90 1 26 27
41 Jan. 29, 1998 II 32 HFPCY04 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 42 1268 1 1268 201
201 91 1 32 33 58 Jan. 29, 1998 33 HSNBG78 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 43
1201 247 1188 291 291 92 1 21 22 76 Jan. 29, 1998 34 HBQAB27 209603
Lambda ZAP 44 819 1 819 119 119 93 1 21 22 68 Jan. 29, 1998 II 35
HTOJY21 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 45 1566 205 1566 317 317 94 1 31 32 43
Jan. 29, 1998 36 HHTMM30 209603 ZAP Express 46 2094 1 2094 71 71 95
1 18 19 46 Jan. 29, 1998 37 HLTAF58 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 47 956 1 956
103 103 96 1 30 31 47 Jan. 29, 1998 38 HHEPU32 209603 pCMVSport 48
1859 315 1859 176 176 97 1 18 19 450 Jan. 29, 1998 3.0 38 HHEPU32
209603 pCMVSport 59 1715 1 1715 124 124 108 1 18 19 153 Jan. 29,
1998 3.0 39 HHFDM48 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 49 1461 1 1461 139 139 98 1
34 35 45 Jan. 29, 1998 40 HKABI84 209603 pCMVSport 50 1238 45 1238
274 274 99 1 16 17 47 Jan. 29, 1998 2.0 41 HMVAX72 209603 pSport1
51 2581 1 2581 23 23 100 1 29 30 50 Jan. 29, 1998 42 HODDN60 209603
Uni-ZAP XR 52 991 1 991 34 34 101 1 19 20 40 Jan. 29, 1998 43
HPMEI44 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 53 2422 563 2422 578 578 102 1 39 40 49
Jan. 29, 1998 44 HNGJP69 209603 Uni-ZAP XR 54 985 1 985 321 321 103
1 14 15 74 Jan. 29, 1998
[0368] Table 1 summarizes the information corresponding to each
"Gene No." described above. The nucleotide sequence identified as
"NT SEQ ID NO:X" was assembled from partially homologous
("overlapping") sequences obtained from the "cDNA clone ID"
identified in Table 1 and, in some cases, from additional related
DNA clones. The overlapping sequences were assembled into a single
contiguous sequence of high redundancy (usually three to five
overlapping sequences at each nucleotide position), resulting in a
final sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:X.
[0369] The cDNA Clone ID was deposited on the date and given the
corresponding deposit number listed in "ATCC Deposit No:Z and
Date." Some of the deposits contain multiple different clones
corresponding to the same gene. "Vector" refers to the type of
vector contained in the cDNA Clone ID.
[0370] "Total NT Seq." refers to the total number of nucleotides in
the contig identified by "Gene No." The deposited clone may contain
all or most of these sequences, reflected by the nucleotide
position indicated as "5' NT of Clone Seq." and the "3' NT of Clone
Seq." of SEQ ID NO:X. The nucleotide position of SEQ ID NO:X of the
putative start codon (methionine) is identified as "5' NT of Start
Codon." Similarly, the nucleotide position of SEQ ID NO:X of the
predicted signal sequence is identified as "5' NT of First AA of
Signal Pep."
[0371] The translated amino acid sequence, beginning with the
methionine, is identified as "AA SEQ ID NO:Y," although other
reading frames can also be easily translated using known molecular
biology techniques. The polypeptides produced by these alternative
open reading frames are specifically contemplated by the present
invention.
[0372] The first and last amino acid position of SEQ ID NO:Y of the
predicted signal peptide is identified as "First AA of Sig Pep" and
"Last AA of Sig Pep." The predicted first amino acid position of
SEQ ID NO:Y of the secreted portion is identified as "Predicted
First AA of Secreted Portion." Finally, the amino acid position of
SEQ ID NO:Y of the last amino acid in the open reading frame is
identified as "Last AA of ORF."
[0373] SEQ ID NO:X and the translated SEQ ID NO:Y are sufficiently
accurate and otherwise suitable for a variety of uses well known in
the art and described further below. For instance, SEQ ID NO:X is
useful for designing nucleic acid hybridization probes that will
detect nucleic acid sequences contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA
contained in the deposited clone. These probes will also hybridize
to nucleic acid molecules in biological samples, thereby enabling a
variety of forensic and diagnostic methods of the invention.
Similarly, polypeptides identified from SEQ ID NO:Y may be used to
generate antibodies which bind specifically to the secreted
proteins encoded by the cDNA clones identified in Table 1.
[0374] Nevertheless, DNA sequences generated by sequencing
reactions can contain sequencing errors. The errors exist as
misidentified nucleotides, or as insertions or deletions of
nucleotides in the generated DNA sequence. The erroneously inserted
or deleted nucleotides cause frame shifts in the reading frames of
the predicted amino acid sequence. In these cases, the predicted
amino acid sequence diverges from the actual amino acid sequence,
even though the generated DNA sequence may be greater than 99.9%
identical to the actual DNA sequence (for example, one base
insertion or deletion in an open reading frame of over 1000
bases).
[0375] Accordingly, for those applications requiring precision in
the nucleotide sequence or the amino acid sequence, the present
invention provides not only the generated nucleotide sequence
identified as SEQ ID NO:X and the predicted translated amino acid
sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:Y, but also a sample of plasmid
DNA containing a human cDNA of the invention deposited with the
ATCC, as set forth in Table 1. The nucleotide sequence of each
deposited clone can readily be determined by sequencing the
deposited clone in accordance with known methods. The predicted
amino acid sequence can then be verified from such deposits.
Moreover, the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a
particular clone can also be directly determined by peptide
sequencing or by expressing the protein in a suitable host cell
containing the deposited human cDNA, collecting the protein, and
determining its sequence.
[0376] The present invention also relates to the genes
corresponding to SEQ ID NO:X, SEQ ID NO:Y, or the deposited clone.
The corresponding gene can be isolated in accordance with known
methods using the sequence information disclosed herein. Such
methods include preparing probes or primers from the disclosed
sequence and identifying or amplifying the corresponding gene from
appropriate sources of genomic material.
[0377] Also provided in the present invention are species homologs.
Species homologs may be isolated and identified by making suitable
probes or primers from the sequences provided herein and screening
a suitable nucleic acid source for the desired homologue.
[0378] The polypeptides of the invention can be prepared in any
suitable manner. Such polypeptides include isolated naturally
occurring polypeptides, recombinantly produced polypeptides,
synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a
combination of these methods. Means for preparing such polypeptides
are well understood in the art.
[0379] The polypeptides may be in the form of the secreted protein,
including the mature form, or may be a part of a larger protein,
such as a fusion protein (see below). It is often advantageous to
include an additional amino acid sequence which contains secretory
or leader sequences, pro-sequences, sequences which aid in
purification, such as multiple histidine residues, or an additional
sequence for stability during recombinant production. [03341 The
polypeptides of the present invention are preferably provided in an
isolated form, and preferably are substantially purified. A
recombinantly produced version of a polypeptide, including the
secreted polypeptide, can be substantially purified by the one-step
method described in Smith and Johnson, Gene 67:31-40 (1988).
Polypeptides of the invention also can be purified from natural or
recombinant sources using antibodies of the invention raised
against the secreted protein in methods which are well known in the
art.
[0380] Signal Sequences
[0381] Methods for predicting whether a protein has a signal
sequence, as well as the cleavage point for that sequence, are
available. For instance, the method of McGeoch, Virus Res.
3:271-286 (1985), uses the information from a short N-terminal
charged region and a subsequent uncharged region of the complete
(uncleaved) protein. The method of von Heinje, Nucleic Acids Res.
14:4683-4690 (1986) uses the information from the residues
surrounding the cleavage site, typically residues -13 to +2, where
+1 indicates the amino terminus of the secreted protein. The
accuracy of predicting the cleavage points of known mammalian
secretory proteins for each of these methods is in the range of
75-80%. (von Heinje, supra.) However, the two methods do not always
produce the same predicted cleavage point(s) for a given
protein.
[0382] In the present case, the deduced amino acid sequence of the
secreted polypeptide was analyzed by a computer program called
SignalP (Henrik Nielsen et al., Protein Engineering 10:1-6 (1997)),
which predicts the cellular location of a protein based on the
amino acid sequence. As part of this computational prediction of
localization, the methods of McGeoch and von Heinje are
incorporated. The analysis of the amino acid sequences of the
secreted proteins described herein by this program provided the
results shown in Table 1.
[0383] As one of ordinary skill would appreciate, however, cleavage
sites sometimes vary from organism to organism and cannot be
predicted with absolute certainty. Accordingly, the present
invention provides secreted polypeptides having a sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO:Y which have an N-terminus beginning within 5 residues
(i.e., + or -5 residues) of the predicted cleavage point.
Similarly, it is also recognized that in some cases, cleavage of
the signal sequence from a secreted protein is not entirely
uniform, resulting in more than one secreted species. These
polypeptides, and the polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides,
are contemplated by the present invention.
[0384] Moreover, the signal sequence identified by the above
analysis may not necessarily predict the naturally occurring signal
sequence. For example, the naturally occurring signal sequence may
be further upstream from the predicted signal sequence. However, it
is likely that the predicted signal sequence will be capable of
directing the secreted protein to the ER. These polypeptides, and
the polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides, are contemplated by
the present invention.
[0385] Polynucleotide and Polypeptide Variants
[0386] "Variant" refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide
differing from the polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present
invention, but retaining essential properties thereof. Generally,
variants are overall closely similar, and, in many regions,
identical to the polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present
invention.
[0387] By a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least,
for example, 95% "identical" to a reference nucleotide sequence of
the present invention, it is intended that the nucleotide sequence
of the polynucleotide is identical to the reference sequence except
that the polynucleotide sequence may include up to five point
mutations per each 100 nucleotides of the reference nucleotide
sequence encoding the polypeptide. In other words, to obtain a
polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical
to a reference nucleotide sequence, up to 5% of the nucleotides in
the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another
nucleotide, or a number of nucleotides up to 5% of the total
nucleotides in the reference sequence may be inserted into the
reference sequence. The query sequence may be an entire sequence
shown in Table 1, the ORF (open reading frame), or any fragement
specified as described herein.
[0388] As a practical matter, whether any particular nucleic acid
molecule or polypeptide is at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%
identical to a nucleotide sequence of the presence invention can be
determined conventionally using known computer programs. A
preferred method for determing the best overall match between a
query sequence (a sequence of the present invention) and a subject
sequence, also referred to as a global sequence alignment, can be
determined using the FASTDB computer program based on the algorithm
of Brutlag et al. (Comp. App. Biosci. (1990) 6:237-245). In a
sequence alignment the query and subject sequences are both DNA
sequences. An RNA sequence can be compared by converting U's to
T's. The result of said global sequence alignment is in percent
identity. Preferred parameters used in a FASTDB alignment of DNA
sequences to calculate percent identiy are: Matrix=Unitary,
k-tuple=4, Mismatch Penalty=1, Joining Penalty=30, Randomization
Group Length=0, Cutoff Score=1, Gap Penalty=5, Gap Size Penalty
0.05, Window Size=500 or the lenght of the subject nucleotide
sequence, whichever is shorter.
[0389] If the subject sequence is shorter than the query sequence
because of 5' or 3' deletions, not because of internal deletions, a
manual correction must be made to the results. This is because the
FASTDB program does not account for 5' and 3' truncations of the
subject sequence when calculating percent identity. For subject
sequences truncated at the 5' or 3' ends, relative to the the query
sequence, the percent identity is corrected by calculating the
number of bases of the query sequence that are 5' and 3' of the
subject sequence, which are not matched/aligned, as a percent of
the total bases of the query sequence. Whether a nucleotide is
matched/aligned is determined by results of the FASTDB sequence
alignment. This percentage is then subtracted from the percent
identity, calculated by the above FASTDB program using the
specified parameters, to arrive at a final percent identity score.
This corrected score is what is used for the purposes of the
present invention. Only bases outside the 5' and 3' bases of the
subject sequence, as displayed by the FASTDB alignment, which are
not matched/aligned with the query sequence, are calculated for the
purposes of manually adjusting the percent identity score.
[0390] For example, a 90 base subject sequence is aligned to a 100
base query sequence to determine percent identity. The deletions
occur at the 5' end of the subject sequence and therefore, the
FASTDB alignment does not show a matched/alignement of the first 10
bases at 5' end. The 10 unpaired bases represent 10% of the
sequence (number of bases at the 5' and 3' ends not matched/total
number of bases in the query sequence) so 10% is subtracted from
the percent identity score calculated by the FASTDB program. If the
remaining 90 bases were perfectly matched the final percent
identity would be 90%. In another example, a 90 base subject
sequence is compared with a 100 base query sequence. This time the
deletions are internal deletions so that there are no bases on the
5' or 3' of the subject sequence which are not matched/aligned with
the query. In this case the percent identity calculated by FASTDB
is not manually corrected. Once again, only bases 5' and 3' of the
subject sequence which are not matched/aligned with the query
sequnce are manually corrected for. No other manual corrections are
to made for the purposes of the present invention.
[0391] By a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least, for
example, 95% "identical" to a query amino acid sequence of the
present invention, it is intended that the amino acid sequence of
the subject polypeptide is identical to the query sequence except
that the subject polypeptide sequence may include up to five amino
acid alterations per each 100 amino acids of the query amino acid
sequence. In other words, to obtain a polypeptide having an amino
acid sequence at least 95% identical to a query amino acid
sequence, up to 5% of the amino acid residues in the subject
sequence may be inserted, deleted, (indels) or substituted with
another amino acid. These alterations of the reference sequence may
occur at the amino or carboxy terminal positions of the reference
amino acid sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions,
interspersed either individually among residues in the reference
sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference
sequence.
[0392] As a practical matter, whether any particular polypeptide is
at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to, for instance,
the amino acid sequences shown in Table 1 or to the amino acid
sequence encoded by deposited DNA clone can be determined
conventionally using known computer programs. A preferred method
for determing the best overall match between a query sequence (a
sequence of the present invention) and a subject sequence, also
referred to as a global sequence alignment, can be determined using
the FASTDB computer program based on the algorithm of Brutlag et
al. (Comp. App. Biosci. (1990) 6:237-245). In a sequence alignment
the query and subject sequences are either both nucleotide
sequences or both amino acid sequences. The result of said global
sequence alignment is in percent identity. Preferred parameters
used in a FASTDB amino acid alignment are: Matrix=PAM 0, k-tuple=2,
Mismatch Penalty=1, Joining Penalty=20, Randomization Group
Length=0, Cutoff Score=1, Window Size=sequence length, Gap
Penalty=5, Gap Size Penalty=0.05, Window Size=500 or the length of
the subject amino acid sequence, whichever is shorter.
[0393] If the subject sequence is shorter than the query sequence
due to N-- or C-terminal deletions, not because of internal
deletions, a manual correction must be made to the results. This is
becuase the FASTDB program does not account for N-- and C-terminal
truncations of the subject sequence when calculating global percent
identity. For subject sequences truncated at the N-- and C-termini,
relative to the the query sequence, the percent identity is
corrected by calculating the number of residues of the query
sequence that are N-- and C-terminal of the subject sequence, which
are not matched/aligned with a corresponding subject residue, as a
percent of the total bases of the query sequence. Whether a residue
is matched/aligned is determined by results of the FASTDB sequence
alignment. This percentage is then subtracted from the percent
identity, calculated by the above FASTDB program using the
specified parameters, to arrive at a final percent identity score.
This final percent identity score is what is used for the purposes
of the present invention. Only residues to the N-- and C-termini of
the subject sequence, which are not matched/aligned with the query
sequence, are considered for the purposes of manually adjusting the
percent identity score. That is, only query residue positions
outside the farthest N-- and C-terminal residues of the subject
sequence.
[0394] For example, a 90 amino acid residue subject sequence is
aligned with a 100 residue query sequence to determine percent
identity. The deletion occurs at the N-terminus of the subject
sequence and therefore, the FASTDB alignment does not show a
matching/alignment of the first 10 residues at the N-terminus. The
10 unpaired residues represent 10% of the sequence (number of
residues at the N-- and C-termini not matched/total number of
residues in the query sequence) so 10% is subtracted from the
percent identity score calculated by the FASTDB program. If the
remaining 90 residues were perfectly matched the final percent
identity would be 90%. In another example, a 90 residue subject
sequence is compared with a 100 residue query sequence. This time
the deletions are internal deletions so there are no residues at
the N-- or C-termini of the subject sequence which are not
matched/aligned with the query. In this case the percent identity
calculated by FASTDB is not manually corrected. Once again, only
residue positions outside the N-- and C-terminal ends of the
subject sequence, as displayed in the FASTDB alignment, which are
not matched/aligned with the query sequnce are manually corrected
for. No other manual corrections are to made for the purposes of
the present invention.
[0395] The variants may contain alterations in the coding regions,
non-coding regions, or both. Especially preferred are
polynucleotide variants containing alterations which produce silent
substitutions, additions, or deletions, but do not alter the
properties or activities of the encoded polypeptide. Nucleotide
variants produced by silent substitutions due to the degeneracy of
the genetic code are preferred. Moreover, variants in which 5-10,
1-5, or 1-2 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any
combination are also preferred. Polynucleotide variants can be
produced for a variety of reasons, e.g., to optimize codon
expression for a particular host (change codons in the human mRNA
to those preferred by a bacterial host such as E. coli).
[0396] Naturally occurring variants are called "allelic variants,"
and refer to one of several alternate forms of a gene occupying a
given locus on a chromosome of an organism. (Genes II, Lewin, B.,
ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1985).) These allelic
variants can vary at either the polynucleotide and/or polypeptide
level. Alternatively, non-naturally occurring variants may be
produced by mutagenesis techniques or by direct synthesis.
[0397] Using known methods of protein engineering and recombinant
DNA technology, variants may be generated to improve or alter the
characteristics of the polypeptides of the present invention. For
instance, one or more amino acids can be deleted from the
N-terminus or C-terminus of the secreted protein without
substantial loss of biological function. The authors of Ron et al.,
J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2984-2988 (1993), reported variant KGF proteins
having heparin binding activity even after deleting 3, 8, or 27
amino-terminal amino acid residues. Similarly, Interferon gamma
exhibited up to ten times higher activity after deleting 8-10 amino
acid residues from the carboxy terminus of this protein. (Dobeli et
al., J. Biotechnology 7:199-216 (1988).)
[0398] Moreover, ample evidence demonstrates that variants often
retain a biological activity similar to that of the naturally
occurring protein. For example, Gayle and coworkers (J. Biol. Chem
268:22105-22111 (1993)) conducted extensive mutational analysis of
human cytokine IL-1a. They used random mutagenesis to generate over
3,500 individual IL-1a mutants that averaged 2.5 amino acid changes
per variant over the entire length of the molecule. Multiple
mutations were examined at every possible amino acid position. The
investigators found that "[m]ost of the molecule could be altered
with little effect on either [binding or biological activity]."
(See, Abstract.) In fact, only 23 unique amino acid sequences, out
of more than 3,500 nucleotide sequences examined, produced a
protein that significantly differed in activity from wild-type.
[0399] Furthermore, even if deleting one or more amino acids from
the N-terminus or C-terminus of a polypeptide results in
modification or loss of one or more biological functions, other
biological activities may still be retained. For example, the
ability of a deletion variant to induce and/or to bind antibodies
which recognize the secreted form will likely be retained when less
than the majority of the residues of the secreted form are removed
from the N-terminus or C-terminus. Whether a particular polypeptide
lacking N-- or C-terminal residues of a protein retains such
immunogenic activities can readily be determined by routine methods
described herein and otherwise known in the art.
[0400] Thus, the invention further includes polypeptide variants
which show substantial biological activity. Such variants include
deletions, insertions, inversions, repeats, and substitutions
selected according to general rules known in the art so as have
little effect on activity. For example, guidance concerning how to
make phenotypically silent amino acid substitutions is provided in
Bowie, J. U. et al., Science 247:1306-1310 (1990), wherein the
authors indicate that there are two main strategies for studying
the tolerance of an amino acid sequence to change.
[0401] The first strategy exploits the tolerance of amino acid
substitutions by natural selection during the process of evolution.
By comparing amino acid sequences in different species, conserved
amino acids can be identified. These conserved amino acids are
likely important for protein function. In contrast, the amino acid
positions where substitutions have been tolerated by natural
selection indicates that these positions are not critical for
protein function. Thus, positions tolerating amino acid
substitution could be modified while still maintaining biological
activity of the protein.
[0402] The second strategy uses genetic engineering to introduce
amino acid changes at specific positions of a cloned gene to
identify regions critical for protein function. For example, site
directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis (introduction
of single alanine mutations at every residue in the molecule) can
be used. (Cunningham and Wells, Science 244:1081-1085 (1989).) The
resulting mutant molecules can then be tested for biological
activity.
[0403] As the authors state, these two strategies have revealed
that proteins are surprisingly tolerant of amino acid
substitutions. The authors further indicate which amino acid
changes are likely to be permissive at certain amino acid positions
in the protein. For example, most buried (within the tertiary
structure of the protein) amino acid residues require nonpolar side
chains, whereas few features of surface side chains are generally
conserved. Moreover, tolerated conservative amino acid
substitutions involve replacement of the aliphatic or hydrophobic
amino acids Ala, Val, Leu and Ile; replacement of the hydroxyl
residues Ser and Thr; replacement of the acidic residues Asp and
Glu; replacement of the amide residues Asn and Gln, replacement of
the basic residues Lys, Arg, and His; replacement of the aromatic
residues Phe, Tyr, and Trp, and replacement of the small-sized
amino acids Ala, Ser, Thr, Met, and Gly.
[0404] Besides conservative amino acid substitution, variants of
the present invention include (i) substitutions with one or more of
the non-conserved amino acid residues, where the substituted amino
acid residues may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or
(ii) substitution with one or more of amino acid residues having a
substituent group, or (iii) fusion of the mature polypeptide with
another compound, such as a compound to increase the stability
and/or solubility of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene
glycol), or (iv) fusion of the polypeptide with additional amino
acids, such as an IgG Fc fusion region peptide, or leader or
secretory sequence, or a sequence facilitating purification. Such
variant polypeptides are deemed to be within the scope of those
skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
[0405] For example, polypeptide variants containing amino acid
substitutions of charged amino acids with other charged or neutral
amino acids may produce proteins with improved characteristics,
such as less aggregation. Aggregation of pharmaceutical
formulations both reduces activity and increases clearance due to
the aggregate's immunogenic activity. (Pinckard et al., Clin. Exp.
Immunol. 2:331-340 (1967); Robbins et al., Diabetes 36: 838-845
(1987); Cleland et al., Crit. Rev. Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
10:307-377 (1993).)
[0406] A further embodiment of the invention relates to a
polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of the present
invention having an amino acid sequence which contains at least one
amino acid substitution, but not more than 50 amino acid
substitutions, even more preferably, not more than 40 amino acid
substitutions, still more preferably, not more than 30 amino acid
substitutions, and still even more preferably, not more than 20
amino acid substitutions. Of course, in order of ever-increasing
preference, it is highly preferable for a polypeptide to have an
amino acid sequence which comprises the amino acid sequence of the
present invention, which contains at least one, but not more than
10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid substitutions. In
specific embodiments, the number of additions, substitutions,
and/or deletions in the amino acid sequence of the present
invention or fragments thereof (e.g., the mature form and/or other
fragments described herein), is 1-5, 5-10, 5-25, 5-50, 10-50 or
50-150, conservative amino acid substitutions are preferable.
[0407] Polynucleotide and Polypeptide Fragments
[0408] In the present invention, a "polynucleotide fragment" refers
to a short polynucleotide having a nucleic acid sequence contained
in the deposited clone or shown in SEQ ID NO:X. The short
nucleotide fragments are preferably at least about 15 nt, and more
preferably at least about 20 nt, still more preferably at least
about 30 nt, and even more preferably, at least about 40 nt in
length. A fragment "at least 20 nt in length," for example, is
intended to include 20 or more contiguous bases from the cDNA
sequence contained in the deposited clone or the nucleotide
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:X. These nucleotide fragments are
useful as diagnostic probes and primers as discussed herein. Of
course, larger fragments (e.g., 50, 150, 500, 600, 2000
nucleotides) are preferred.
[0409] Moreover, representative examples of polynucleotide
fragments of the invention, include, for example, fragments having
a sequence from about nucleotide number 1-50, 51-100, 101-150,
151-200, 201-250, 251-300, 301-350, 351-400, 401-450, 451-500,
501-550, 551-600, 651-700, 701-750, 751-800, 800-850, 851-900,
901-950, 951-1000, 1001-1050, 1051-1100, 1101-1150, 1151-1200,
1201-1250, 1251-1300, 1301-1350, 1351-1400, 1401-1450, 1451-1500,
1501-1550, 1551-1600, 1601-1650, 1651-1700, 1701-1750, 1751-1800,
1801-1850, 1851-1900, 1901-1950, 1951-2000, or 2001 to the end of
SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA contained in the deposited clone. In this
context "about" includes the particularly recited ranges, larger or
smaller by several (5, 4, 3, 2, or 1) nucleotides, at either
terminus or at both termini. Preferably, these fragments encode a
polypeptide which has biological activity. More preferably, these
polynucleotides can be used as probes or primers as discussed
herein.
[0410] In the present invention, a "polypeptide fragment" refers to
a short amino acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:Y or encoded by
the cDNA contained in the deposited clone. Protein fragments may be
"free-standing," or comprised within a larger polypeptide of which
the fragment forms a part or region, most preferably as a single
continuous region. Representative examples of polypeptide fragments
of the invention, include, for example, fragments from about amino
acid number 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100, 102-120, 121-140,
141-160, or 161 to the end of the coding region. Moreover,
polypeptide fragments can be about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150 amino acids in length. In this
context "about" includes the particularly recited ranges, larger or
smaller by several (5, 4, 3, 2, or 1) amino acids, at either
extreme or at both extremes.
[0411] Preferred polypeptide fragments include the secreted protein
as well as the mature form. Further preferred polypeptide fragments
include the secreted protein or the mature form having a continuous
series of deleted residues from the amino or the carboxy terminus,
or both. For example, any number of amino acids, ranging from 1-60,
can be deleted from the amino terminus of either the secreted
polypeptide or the mature form. Similarly, any number of amino
acids, ranging from 1-30, can be deleted from the carboxy terminus
of the secreted protein or mature form. Furthermore, any
combination of the above amino and carboxy terminus deletions are
preferred. Similarly, polynucleotide fragments encoding these
polypeptide fragments are also preferred.
[0412] Also preferred are polypeptide and polynucleotide fragments
characterized by structural or functional domains, such as
fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming
regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, turn and
turn-forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic
regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta
amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions,
substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions.
Polypeptide fragments of SEQ ID NO:Y falling within conserved
domains are specifically contemplated by the present invention.
Moreover, polynucleotide fragments encoding these domains are also
contemplated.
[0413] Other preferred fragments are biologically active fragments.
Biologically active fragments are those exhibiting activity
similar, but not necessarily identical, to an activity of the
polypeptide of the present invention. The biological activity of
the fragments may include an improved desired activity, or a
decreased undesirable activity.
[0414] Epitopes & Antibodies
[0415] In the present invention, "epitopes" refer to polypeptide
fragments having antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal,
especially in a human. A preferred embodiment of the present
invention relates to a polypeptide fragment comprising an epitope,
as well as the polynucleotide encoding this fragment. A region of a
protein molecule to which an antibody can bind is defined as an
"antigenic epitope." In contrast, an "immunogenic epitope" is
defined as a part of a protein that elicits an antibody response.
(See, for instance, Geysen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
81:3998-4002 (1983).)
[0416] Fragments which function as epitopes may be produced by any
conventional means. (See, e.g., Houghten, R. A., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 82:5131-5135 (1985) further described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,631,211.)
[0417] In the present invention, antigenic epitopes preferably
contain a sequence of at least seven, more preferably at least
nine, and most preferably between about 15 to about 30 amino acids.
Antigenic epitopes are useful to raise antibodies, including
monoclonal antibodies, that specifically bind the epitope. (See,
for instance, Wilson et al., Cell 37:767-778 (1984); Sutcliffe, J.
G. et al., Science 219:660-666 (1983).)
[0418] Similarly, immunogenic epitopes can be used to induce
antibodies according to methods well known in the art. (See, for
instance, Sutcliffe et al., supra; Wilson et al., supra; Chow, M.
et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:910-914; and Bittle, F. J. et
al., J. Gen. Virol. 66:2347-2354 (1985).) A preferred immunogenic
epitope includes the secreted protein. The immunogenic epitopes may
be presented together with a carrier protein, such as an albumin,
to an animal system (such as rabbit or mouse) or, if it is long
enough (at least about 25 amino acids), without a carrier. However,
immunogenic epitopes comprising as few as 8 to 10 amino acids have
been shown to be sufficient to raise antibodies capable of binding
to, at the very least, linear epitopes in a denatured polypeptide
(e.g., in Western blotting.)
[0419] As used herein, the term "antibody" (Ab) or "monoclonal
antibody" (Mab) is meant to include intact molecules as well as
antibody fragments (such as, for example, Fab and F(ab')2
fragments) which are capable of specifically binding to protein.
Fab and F(ab')2 fragments lack the Fc fragment of intact antibody,
clear more rapidly from the circulation, and may have less
non-specific tissue binding than an intact antibody. (Wahl et al.,
J. Nucl. Med. 24:316-325 (1983).) Thus, these fragments are
preferred, as well as the products of a FAB or other immunoglobulin
expression library. Moreover, antibodies of the present invention
include chimeric, single chain, and humanized antibodies.
[0420] Fusion Proteins
[0421] Any polypeptide of the present invention can be used to
generate fusion proteins. For example, the polypeptide of the
present invention, when fused to a second protein, can be used as
an antigenic tag. Antibodies raised against the polypeptide of the
present invention can be used to indirectly detect the second
protein by binding to the polypeptide. Moreover, because secreted
proteins target cellular locations based on trafficking signals,
the polypeptides of the present invention can be used as targeting
molecules once fused to other proteins.
[0422] Examples of domains that can be fused to polypeptides of the
present invention include not only heterologous signal sequences,
but also other heterologous functional regions. The fusion does not
necessarily need to be direct, but may occur through linker
sequences.
[0423] Moreover, fusion proteins may also be engineered to improve
characteristics of the polypeptide of the present invention. For
instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged
amino acids, may be added to the N-terminus of the polypeptide to
improve stability and persistence during purification from the host
cell or subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties may
be added to the polypeptide to facilitate purification. Such
regions may be removed prior to final preparation of the
polypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to facilitate
handling of polypeptides are familiar and routine techniques in the
art.
[0424] Moreover, polypeptides of the present invention, including
fragments, and specifically epitopes, can be combined with parts of
the constant domain of immunoglobulins (IgG), resulting in chimeric
polypeptides. These fusion proteins facilitate purification and
show an increased half-life in vivo. One reported example describes
chimeric proteins consisting of the first two domains of the human
CD4-polypeptide and various domains of the constant regions of the
heavy or light chains of mammalian immunoglobulins. (EP A 394,827;
Traunecker et al., Nature 331:84-86 (1988).) Fusion proteins having
disulfide-linked dimeric structures (due to the IgG) can also be
more efficient in binding and neutralizing other molecules, than
the monomeric secreted protein or protein fragment alone.
(Fountoulakis et al., J. Biochem. 270:3958-3964 (1995).)
[0425] Similarly, EP-A-O 464 533 (Canadian counterpart 2045869)
discloses fusion proteins comprising various portions of constant
region of immunoglobulin molecules together with another human
protein or part thereof. In many cases, the Fc part in a fusion
protein is beneficial in therapy and diagnosis, and thus can result
in, for example, improved pharmacokinetic properties. (EP-A 0232
262.) Alternatively, deleting the Fc part after the fusion protein
has been expressed, detected, and purified, would be desired. For
example, the Fc portion may hinder therapy and diagnosis if the
fusion protein is used as an antigen for immunizations. In drug
discovery, for example, human proteins, such as hIL-5, have been
fused with Fc portions for the purpose of high-throughput screening
assays to identify antagonists of hIL-5. (See, D. Bennett et al.,
J. Molecular Recognition 8:52-58 (1995); K. Johanson et al., J.
Biol. Chem. 270:9459-9471 (1995).)
[0426] Moreover, the polypeptides of the present invention can be
fused to marker sequences, such as a peptide which facilitates
purification of the fused polypeptide. In preferred embodiments,
the marker amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as
the tag provided in a pQE vector (QIAGEN, Inc., 9259 Eton Avenue,
Chatsworth, Calif., 91311), among others, many of which are
commercially available. As described in Gentz et al., Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 86:821-824 (1989), for instance, hexa-histidine
provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein. Another
peptide tag useful for purification, the "HA" tag, corresponds to
an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein.
(Wilson et al., Cell 37:767 (1984).)
[0427] Thus, any of these above fusions can be engineered using the
polynucleotides or the polypeptides of the present invention.
[0428] Vectors, Host Cells, and Protein Production
[0429] The present invention also relates to vectors containing the
polynucleotide of the present invention, host cells, and the
production of polypeptides by recombinant techniques. The vector
may be, for example, a phage, plasmid, viral, or retroviral vector.
Retroviral vectors may be replication competent or replication
defective. In the latter case, viral propagation generally will
occur only in complementing host cells.
[0430] The polynucleotides may be joined to a vector containing a
selectable marker for propagation in a host. Generally, a plasmid
vector is introduced in a precipitate, such as a calcium phosphate
precipitate, or in a complex with a charged lipid. If the vector is
a virus, it may be packaged in vitro using an appropriate packaging
cell line and then transduced into host cells.
[0431] The polynucleotide insert should be operatively linked to an
appropriate promoter, such as the phage lambda PL promoter, the E.
coli lac, trp, phoA and tac promoters, the SV40 early and late
promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs, to name a few. Other
suitable promoters will be known to the skilled artisan. The
expression constructs will further contain sites for transcription
initiation, termination, and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome
binding site for translation. The coding portion of the transcripts
expressed by the constructs will preferably include a translation
initiating codon at the beginning and a termination codon (UAA, UGA
or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the polypeptide to
be translated.
[0432] As indicated, the expression vectors will preferably include
at least one selectable marker. Such markers include dihydrofolate
reductase, G418 or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture
and tetracycline, kanamycin or ampicillin resistance genes for
culturing in E. coli and other bacteria. Representative examples of
appropriate hosts include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells,
such as E. coli, Streptomyces and Salmonella typhimurium cells;
fungal cells, such as yeast cells; insect cells such as Drosophila
S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells; animal cells such as CHO, COS, 293,
and Bowes melanoma cells; and plant cells. Appropriate culture
mediums and conditions for the above-described host cells are known
in the art.
[0433] Among vectors preferred for use in bacteria include pQE70,
pQE60 and pQE-9, available from QIAGEN, Inc.; pBluescript vectors,
Phagescript vectors, pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18A, pNH46A, available from
Stratagene Cloning Systems, Inc.; and ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3,
pDR540, pRIT5 available from Pharmacia Biotech, Inc. Among
preferred eukaryotic vectors are pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXT1 and
pSG available from Stratagene; and pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL
available from Pharmacia. Other suitable vectors will be readily
apparent to the skilled artisan.
[0434] Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be
effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated
transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection,
electroporation, transduction, infection, or other methods. Such
methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as
Davis et al., Basic Methods In Molecular Biology (1986). It is
specifically contemplated that the polypeptides of the present
invention may in fact be expressed by a host cell lacking a
recombinant vector.
[0435] A polypeptide of this invention can be recovered and
purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods
including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid
extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography,
phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction
chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite
chromatography and lectin chromatography. Most preferably, high
performance liquid chromatography ("HPLC") is employed for
purification.
[0436] Polypeptides of the present invention, and preferably the
secreted form, can also be recovered from: products purified from
natural sources, including bodily fluids, tissues and cells,
whether directly isolated or cultured; products of chemical
synthetic procedures; and products produced by recombinant
techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host, including, for
example, bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect, and mammalian
cells. Depending upon the host employed in a recombinant production
procedure, the polypeptides of the present invention may be
glycosylated or may be non-glycosylated. In addition, polypeptides
of the invention may also include an initial modified methionine
residue, in some cases as a result of host-mediated processes.
Thus, it is well known in the art that the N-terminal methionine
encoded by the translation initiation codon generally is removed
with high efficiency from any protein after translation in all
eukaryotic cells. While the N-terminal methionine on most proteins
also is efficiently removed in most prokaryotes, for some proteins,
this prokaryotic removal process is inefficient, depending on the
nature of the amino acid to which the N-terminal methionine is
covalently linked.
[0437] In addition to encompassing host cells containing the vector
constructs discussed herein, the invention also encompasses
primary, secondary, and immortalized host cells of vertebrate
origin, particularly mammalian origin, that have been engineered to
delete or replace endogenous genetic material (e.g., coding
sequence), and/or to include genetic material (e.g., heterologous
polynucleotide sequences) that is operably associated with the
polynucleotides of the invention, and which activates, alters,
and/or amplifies endogenous polynucleotides. For example,
techniques known in the art may be used to operably associate
heterologous control regions (e.g., promoter and/or enhancer) and
endogenous polynucleotide sequences via homologous recombination
(see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,670, issued Jun. 24, 1997;
International Publication No. WO 96/29411, published September 26,
1996; International Publication No. WO 94/12650, published Aug. 4,
1994; Koller et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8932-8935
(1989); and Zijlstra et al., Nature 342:435-438 (1989), the
disclosures of each of which are incorporated by reference in their
entireties).
[0438] Uses of the Polynucleotides
[0439] Each of the polynucleotides identified herein can be used in
numerous ways as reagents. The following description should be
considered exemplary and utilizes known techniques.
[0440] The polynucleotides of the present invention are useful for
chromosome identification. There exists an ongoing need to identify
new chromosome markers, since few chromosome marking reagents,
based on actual sequence data (repeat polymorphisms), are presently
available. Each polynucleotide of the present invention can be used
as a chromosome marker.
[0441] Briefly, sequences can be mapped to chromosomes by preparing
PCR primers (preferably 15-25 bp) from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NO:X. Primers can be selected using computer analysis so that
primers do not span more than one predicted exon in the genomic
DNA. These primers are then used for PCR screening of somatic cell
hybrids containing individual human chromosomes. Only those hybrids
containing the human gene corresponding to the SEQ ID NO:X will
yield an amplified fragment.
[0442] Similarly, somatic hybrids provide a rapid method of PCR
mapping the polynucleotides to particular chromosomes. Three or
more clones can be assigned per day using a single thermal cycler.
Moreover, sublocalization of the polynucleotides can be achieved
with panels of specific chromosome fragments. Other gene mapping
strategies that can be used include in situ hybridization,
prescreening with labeled flow-sorted chromosomes, and preselection
by hybridization to construct chromosome specific-cDNA
libraries.
[0443] Precise chromosomal location of the polynucleotides can also
be achieved using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a
metaphase chromosomal spread. This technique uses polynucleotides
as short as 500 or 600 bases; however, polynucleotides 2,000-4,000
bp are preferred. For a review of this technique, see Verma et al.,
"Human Chromosomes: a Manual of Basic Techniques," Pergamon Press,
New York (1988).
[0444] For chromosome mapping, the polynucleotides can be used
individually (to mark a single chromosome or a single site on that
chromosome) or in panels (for marking multiple sites and/or
multiple chromosomes). Preferred polynucleotides correspond to the
noncoding regions of the cDNAs because the coding sequences are
more likely conserved within gene families, thus increasing the
chance of cross hybridization during chromosomal mapping.
[0445] Once a polynucleotide has been mapped to a precise
chromosomal location, the physical position of the polynucleotide
can be used in linkage analysis. Linkage analysis establishes
coinheritance between a chromosomal location and presentation of a
particular disease. (Disease mapping data are found, for example,
in V. McKusick, Mendelian Inheritance in Man (available on line
through Johns Hopkins University Welch Medical Library).) Assuming
1 megabase mapping resolution and one gene per 20 kb, a cDNA
precisely localized to a chromosomal region associated with the
disease could be one of 50-500 potential causative genes.
[0446] Thus, once coinheritance is established, differences in the
polynucleotide and the corresponding gene between affected and
unaffected individuals can be examined. First, visible structural
alterations in the chromosomes, such as deletions or
translocations, are examined in chromosome spreads or by PCR. If no
structural alterations exist, the presence of point mutations are
ascertained. Mutations observed in some or all affected
individuals, but not in normal individuals, indicates that the
mutation may cause the disease. However, complete sequencing of the
polypeptide and the corresponding gene from several normal
individuals is required to distinguish the mutation from a
polymorphism. If a new polymorphism is identified, this polymorphic
polypeptide can be used for further linkage analysis.
[0447] Furthermore, increased or decreased expression of the gene
in affected individuals as compared to unaffected individuals can
be assessed using polynucleotides of the present invention. Any of
these alterations (altered expression, chromosomal rearrangement,
or mutation) can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker.
[0448] In addition to the foregoing, a polynucleotide can be used
to control gene expression through triple helix formation or
antisense DNA or RNA. Both methods rely on binding of the
polynucleotide to DNA or RNA. For these techniques, preferred
polynucleotides are usually 20 to 40 bases in length and
complementary to either the region of the gene involved in
transcription (triple helix--see Lee et al., Nucl. Acids Res.
6:3073 (1979); Cooney et al., Science 241:456 (1988); and Dervan et
al., Science 251:1360 (1991) ) or to the mRNA itself
(antisense--Okano, J. Neurochem. 56:560 (1991);
Oligodeoxy-nucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression,
CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1988).) Triple helix formation
optimally results in a shut-off of RNA transcription from DNA,
while antisense RNA hybridization blocks translation of an mRNA
molecule into polypeptide. Both techniques are effective in model
systems, and the information disclosed herein can be used to design
antisense or triple helix polynucleotides in an effort to treat
disease.
[0449] Polynucleotides of the present invention are also useful in
gene therapy. One goal of gene therapy is to insert a normal gene
into an organism having a defective gene, in an effort to correct
the genetic defect. The polynucleotides disclosed in the present
invention offer a means of targeting such genetic defects in a
highly accurate manner. Another goal is to insert a new gene that
was not present in the host genome, thereby producing a new trait
in the host cell.
[0450] The polynucleotides are also useful for identifying
individuals from minute biological samples. The United States
military, for example, is considering the use of restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for identification of its
personnel. In this technique, an individual's genomic DNA is
digested with one or more restriction enzymes, and probed on a
Southern blot to yield unique bands for identifying personnel. This
method does not suffer from the current limitations of "Dog Tags"
which can be lost, switched, or stolen, making positive
identification difficult. The polynucleotides of the present
invention can be used as additional DNA markers for RFLP.
[0451] The polynucleotides of the present invention can also be
used as an alternative to RFLP, by determining the actual
base-by-base DNA sequence of selected portions of an individual's
genome. These sequences can be used to prepare PCR primers for
amplifying and isolating such selected DNA, which can then be
sequenced. Using this technique, individuals can be identified
because each individual will have a unique set of DNA sequences.
Once an unique ID database is established for an individual,
positive identification of that individual, living or dead, can be
made from extremely small tissue samples.
[0452] Forensic biology also benefits from using DNA-based
identification techniques as disclosed herein. DNA sequences taken
from very small biological samples such as tissues, e.g., hair or
skin, or body fluids, e.g., blood, saliva, semen, etc., can be
amplified using PCR. In one prior art technique, gene sequences
amplified from polymorphic loci, such as DQa class II HLA gene, are
used in forensic biology to identify individuals. (Erlich, H., PCR
Technology, Freeman and Co. (1992).) Once these specific
polymorphic loci are amplified, they are digested with one or more
restriction enzymes, yielding an identifying set of bands on a
Southern blot probed with DNA corresponding to the DQa class II HLA
gene. Similarly, polynucleotides of the present invention can be
used as polymorphic markers for forensic purposes.
[0453] There is also a need for reagents capable of identifying the
source of a particular tissue. Such need arises, for example, in
forensics when presented with tissue of unknown origin. Appropriate
reagents can comprise, for example, DNA probes or primers specific
to particular tissue prepared from the sequences of the present
invention. Panels of such reagents can identify tissue by species
and/or by organ type. In a similar fashion, these reagents can be
used to screen tissue cultures for contamination.
[0454] In the very least, the polynucleotides of the present
invention can be used as molecular weight markers on Southern gels,
as diagnostic probes for the presence of a specific mRNA in a
particular cell type, as a probe to "subtract-out" known sequences
in the process of discovering novel polynucleotides, for selecting
and making oligomers for attachment to a "gene chip" or other
support, to raise anti-DNA antibodies using DNA immunization
techniques, and as an antigen to elicit an immune response.
[0455] Uses of the Polypeptides
[0456] Each of the polypeptides identified herein can be used in
numerous ways. The following description should be considered
exemplary and utilizes known techniques.
[0457] A polypeptide of the present invention can be used to assay
protein levels in a biological sample using antibody-based
techniques. For example, protein expression in tissues can be
studied with classical immunohistological methods. (Jalkanen, M.,
et al., J. Cell. Biol. 101:976-985 (1985); Jalkanen, M., et al., J.
Cell . Biol. 105:3087-3096 (1987).) Other antibody-based methods
useful for detecting protein gene expression include immunoassays,
such as the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the
radioimmunoassay (RIA). Suitable antibody assay labels are known in
the art and include enzyme labels, such as, glucose oxidase, and
radioisotopes, such as iodine (125I, 121I), carbon (14C), sulfur
(35S), tritium (3H), indium (1 12In), and technetium (99mTc), and
fluorescent labels, such as fluorescein and rhodamine, and
biotin.
[0458] In addition to assaying secreted protein levels in a
biological sample, proteins can also be detected in vivo by
imaging. Antibody labels or markers for in vivo imaging of protein
include those detectable by X-radiography, NMR or ESR. For
X-radiography, suitable labels include radioisotopes such as barium
or cesium, which emit detectable radiation but are not overtly
harmful to the subject. Suitable markers for NMR and ESR include
those with a detectable characteristic spin, such as deuterium,
which may be incorporated into the antibody by labeling of
nutrients for the relevant hybridoma.
[0459] A protein-specific antibody or antibody fragment which has
been labeled with an appropriate detectable imaging moiety, such as
a radioisotope (for example, 131I, 112In, 99mTc), a radio-opaque
substance, or a material detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance,
is introduced (for example, parenterally, subcutaneously, or
intraperitoneally) into the mammal. It will be understood in the
art that the size of the subject and the imaging system used will
determine the quantity of imaging moiety needed to produce
diagnostic images. In the case of a radioisotope moiety, for a
human subject, the quantity of radioactivity injected will normally
range from about 5 to 20 millicuries of 99mTc. The labeled antibody
or antibody fragment will then preferentially accumulate at the
location of cells which contain the specific protein. In vivo tumor
imaging is described in S. W. Burchiel et al.,
"Immunopharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Antibodies and Their
Fragments." (Chapter 13 in Tumor Imaging: The Radiochemical
Detection of Cancer, S. W. Burchiel and B. A. Rhodes, eds., Masson
Publishing Inc. (1982).)
[0460] Thus, the invention provides a diagnostic method of a
disorder, which involves (a) assaying the expression of a
polypeptide of the present invention in cells or body fluid of an
individual; (b) comparing the level of gene expression with a
standard gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in
the assayed polypeptide gene expression level compared to the
standard expression level is indicative of a disorder.
[0461] Moreover, polypeptides of the present invention can be used
to treat disease. For example, patients can be administered a
polypeptide of the present invention in an effort to replace absent
or decreased levels of the polypeptide (e.g., insulin), to
supplement absent or decreased levels of a different polypeptide
(e.g., hemoglobin S for hemoglobin B), to inhibit the activity of a
polypeptide (e.g., an oncogene), to activate the activity of a
polypeptide (e.g., by binding to a receptor), to reduce the
activity of a membrane bound receptor by competing with it for free
ligand (e.g., soluble TNF receptors used in reducing inflammation),
or to bring about a desired response (e.g., blood vessel
growth).
[0462] Similarly, antibodies directed to a polypeptide of the
present invention can also be used to treat disease. For example,
administration of an antibody directed to a polypeptide of the
present invention can bind and reduce overproduction of the
polypeptide. Similarly, administration of an antibody can activate
the polypeptide, such as by binding to a polypeptide bound to a
membrane (receptor).
[0463] At the very least, the polypeptides of the present invention
can be used as molecular weight markers on SDS-PAGE gels or on
molecular sieve gel filtration columns using methods well known to
those of skill in the art. Polypeptides can also be used to raise
antibodies, which in turn are used to measure protein expression
from a recombinant cell, as a way of assessing transformation of
the host cell. Moreover, the polypeptides of the present invention
can be used to test the following biological activities.
[0464] Biological Activities
[0465] The polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present
invention can be used in assays to test for one or more biological
activities. If these polynucleotides and polypeptides do exhibit
activity in a particular assay, it is likely that these molecules
may be involved in the diseases associated with the biological
activity. Thus, the polynucleotides and polypeptides could be used
to treat the associated disease.
[0466] Immune Activity
[0467] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may
be useful in treating deficiencies or disorders of the immune
system, by activating or inhibiting the proliferation,
differentiation, or mobilization (chemotaxis) of immune cells.
Immune cells develop through a process called hematopoiesis,
producing myeloid (platelets, red blood cells, neutrophils, and
macrophages) and lymphoid (B and T lymphocytes) cells from
pluripotent stem cells. The etiology of these immune deficiencies
or disorders may be genetic, somatic, such as cancer or some
autoimmune disorders, acquired (e.g., by chemotherapy or toxins),
or infectious. Moreover, a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the
present invention can be used as a marker or detector of a
particular immune system disease or disorder.
[0468] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may
be useful in treating or detecting deficiencies or disorders of
hematopoietic cells. A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present
invention could be used to increase differentiation and
proliferation of hematopoietic cells, including the pluripotent
stem cells, in an effort to treat those disorders associated with a
decrease in certain (or many) types hematopoietic cells. Examples
of immunologic deficiency syndromes include, but are not limited
to: blood protein disorders (e.g. agammaglobulinemia,
dysgammaglobulinemia), ataxia telangiectasia, common variable
immunodeficiency, Digeorge Syndrome, HIV infection, HTLV-BLV
infection, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, lymphopenia,
phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction, severe combined
immunodeficiency (SCIDs), Wiskott-Aldrich Disorder, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, or hemoglobinuria.
[0469] Moreover, a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present
invention could also be used to modulate hemostatic (the stopping
of bleeding) or thrombolytic activity (clot formation). For
example, by increasing hemostatic or thrombolytic activity, a
polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention could be
used to treat blood coagulation disorders (e.g., afibrinogenemia,
factor deficiencies), blood platelet disorders (e.g.
thrombocytopenia), or wounds resulting from trauma, surgery, or
other causes. Alternatively, a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the
present invention that can decrease hemostatic or thrombolytic
activity could be used to inhibit or dissolve clotting. These
molecules could be important in the treatment of heart attacks
(infarction), strokes, or scarring.
[0470] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may
also be useful in treating or detecting autoimmune disorders. Many
autoimmune disorders result from inappropriate recognition of self
as foreign material by immune cells. This inappropriate recognition
results in an immune response leading to the destruction of the
host tissue. Therefore, the administration of a polypeptide or
polynucleotide of the present invention that inhibits an immune
response, particularly the proliferation, differentiation, or
chemotaxis of T-cells, may be an effective therapy in preventing
autoimmune disorders.
[0471] Examples of autoimmune disorders that can be treated or
detected by the present invention include, but are not limited to:
Addison's Disease, hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome,
rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, allergic encephalomyelitis,
glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's Syndrome, Graves' Disease,
Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuritis, Ophthalmia,
Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigus, Polyendocrinopathies, Purpura,
Reiter's Disease, Stiff-Man Syndrome, Autoimmune Thyroiditis,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Autoimmune Pulmonary Inflammation,
Guillain-Barre Syndrome, insulin dependent diabetes mellitis, and
autoimmune inflammatory eye disease.
[0472] Similarly, allergic reactions and conditions, such as asthma
(particularly allergic asthma) or other respiratory problems, may
also be treated by a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present
invention. Moreover, these molecules can be used to treat
anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity to an antigenic molecule, or blood
group incompatibility.
[0473] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may
also be used to treat and/or prevent organ rejection or
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Organ rejection occurs by host
immune cell destruction of the transplanted tissue through an
immune response. Similarly, an immune response is also involved in
GVHD, but, in this case, the foreign transplanted immune cells
destroy the host tissues. The administration of a polypeptide or
polynucleotide of the present invention that inhibits an immune
response, particularly the proliferation, differentiation, or
chemotaxis of T-cells, may be an effective therapy in preventing
organ rejection or GVHD.
[0474] Similarly, a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present
invention may also be used to modulate inflammation. For example,
the polypeptide or polynucleotide may inhibit the proliferation and
differentiation of cells involved in an inflammatory response.
These molecules can be used to treat inflammatory conditions, both
chronic and acute conditions, including inflammation associated
with infection (e.g., septic shock, sepsis, or systemic
inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)), ischemia-reperfusion
injury, endotoxin lethality, arthritis, complement-mediated
hyperacute rejection, nephritis, cytokine or chemokine induced lung
injury, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, or resulting
from over production of cytokines (e.g., TNF or IL-1.)
[0475] Hyperproliferative Disorders
[0476] A polypeptide or polynucleotide can be used to treat or
detect hyperproliferative disorders, including neoplasms. A
polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may inhibit
the proliferation of the disorder through direct or indirect
interactions. Alternatively, a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the
present invention may proliferate other cells which can inhibit the
hyperproliferative disorder.
[0477] For example, by increasing an immune response, particularly
increasing antigenic qualities of the hyperproliferative disorder
or by proliferating, differentiating, or mobilizing T-cells,
hyperproliferative disorders can be treated. This immune response
may be increased by either enhancing an existing immune response,
or by initiating a new immune response. Alternatively, decreasing
an immune response may also be a method of treating
hyperproliferative disorders, such as a chemotherapeutic agent.
[0478] Examples of hyperproliferative disorders that can be treated
or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present
invention include, but are not limited to neoplasms located in the:
abdomen, bone, breast, digestive system, liver, pancreas,
peritoneum, endocrine glands (adrenal, parathyroid, pituitary,
testicles, ovary, thymus, thyroid), eye, head and neck, nervous
(central and peripheral), lymphatic system, pelvic, skin, soft
tissue, spleen, thoracic, and urogenital.
[0479] Similarly, other hyperproliferative disorders can also be
treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the
present invention. Examples of such hyperproliferative disorders
include, but are not limited to: hypergammaglobulinemia,
lymphoproliferative disorders, paraproteinemias, purpura,
sarcoidosis, Sezary Syndrome, Waldenstron's Macroglobulinemia,
Gaucher's Disease, histiocytosis, and any other hyperproliferative
disease, besides neoplasia, located in an organ system listed
above.
[0480] Infectious Disease
[0481] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can
be used to treat or detect infectious agents. For example, by
increasing the immune response, particularly increasing the
proliferation and differentiation of B and/or T cells, infectious
diseases may be treated. The immune response may be increased by
either enhancing an existing immune response, or by initiating a
new immune response. Alternatively, the polypeptide or
polynucleotide of the present invention may also directly inhibit
the infectious agent, without necessarily eliciting an immune
response.
[0482] Viruses are one example of an infectious agent that can
cause disease or symptoms that can be treated or detected by a
polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention. Examples of
viruses, include, but are not limited to the following DNA and RNA
viral families: Arbovirus, Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae, Arterivirus,
Birnaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae,
Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis),
Herpesviridae (such as, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex, Herpes
Zoster), Mononegavirus (e.g., Paramyxoviridae, Morbillivirus,
Rhabdoviridae), Orthomyxoviridae (e.g., Influenza), Papovaviridae,
Parvoviridae, Picomaviridae, Poxviridae (such as Smallpox or
Vaccinia), Reoviridae (e.g., Rotavirus), Retroviridae (HTLV-I,
HTLV-II, Lentivirus), and Togaviridae (e.g., Rubivirus). Viruses
falling within these families can cause a variety of diseases or
symptoms, including, but not limited to: arthritis, bronchiollitis,
encephalitis, eye infections (e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis),
chronic fatigue syndrome, hepatitis (A, B, C, E, Chronic Active,
Delta), meningitis, opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS),
pneumonia, Burkitt's Lymphoma, chickenpox, hemorrhagic fever,
Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza, Rabies, the common cold, Polio,
leukemia, Rubella, sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases
(e.g., Kaposi's, warts), and viremia. A polypeptide or
polynucleotide of the present invention can be used to treat or
detect any of these symptoms or diseases.
[0483] Similarly, bacterial or fungal agents that can cause disease
or symptoms and that can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide
or polypeptide of the present invention include, but not limited
to, the following Gram-Negative and Gram-positive bacterial
families and fungi: Actinomycetales (e.g., Corynebacterium,
Mycobacterium, Norcardia), Aspergillosis, Bacillaceae (e.g.,
Anthrax, Clostridium), Bacteroidaceae, Blastomycosis, Bordetella,
Borrelia, Brucellosis, Candidiasis, Campylobacter,
Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Dermatocycoses,
Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella, Salmonella, Serratia, Yersinia),
Erysipelothrix, Helicobacter, Legionellosis, Leptospirosis,
Listeria, Mycoplasmatales, Neisseriaceae (e.g., Acinetobacter,
Gonorrhea, Menigococcal), Pasteurellacea Infections (e.g.,
Actinobacillus, Heamophilus, Pasteurella), Pseudomonas,
Rickettsiaceae, Chlamydiaceae, Syphilis, and Staphylococcal. These
bacterial or fungal families can cause the following diseases or
symptoms, including, but not limited to: bacteremia, endocarditis,
eye infections (conjunctivitis, tuberculosis, uveitis), gingivitis,
opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS related infections),
paronychia, prosthesis-related infections, Reiter's Disease,
respiratory tract infections, such as Whooping Cough or Empyema,
sepsis, Lyme Disease, Cat-Scratch Disease, Dysentery, Paratyphoid
Fever, food poisoning, Typhoid, pneumonia, Gonorrhea, meningitis,
Chlamydia, Syphilis, Diphtheria, Leprosy, Paratuberculosis,
Tuberculosis, Lupus, Botulism, gangrene, tetanus, impetigo,
Rheumatic Fever, Scarlet Fever, sexually transmitted diseases, skin
diseases (e.g., cellulitis, dermatocycoses), toxemia, urinary tract
infections, wound infections. A polypeptide or polynucleotide of
the present invention can be used to treat or detect any of these
symptoms or diseases.
[0484] Moreover, parasitic agents causing disease or symptoms that
can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of
the present invention include, but not limited to, the following
families: Amebiasis, Babesiosis, Coccidiosis, Cryptosporidiosis,
Dientamoebiasis, Dourine, Ectoparasitic, Giardiasis, Helminthiasis,
Leishmaniasis, Theileriasis, Toxoplasmosis, Trypanosomiasis, and
Trichomonas. These parasites can cause a variety of diseases or
symptoms, including, but not limited to: Scabies, Trombiculiasis,
eye infections, intestinal disease (e.g., dysentery, giardiasis),
liver disease, lung disease, opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS
related), Malaria, pregnancy complications, and toxoplasmosis. A
polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can be used
to treat or detect any of these symptoms or diseases.
[0485] Preferably, treatment using a polypeptide or polynucleotide
of the present invention could either be by administering an
effective amount of a polypeptide to the patient, or by removing
cells from the patient, supplying the cells with a polynucleotide
of the present invention, and returning the engineered cells to the
patient (ex vivo therapy). Moreover, the polypeptide or
polynucleotide of the present invention can be used as an antigen
in a vaccine to raise an immune response against infectious
disease.
[0486] Regeneration
[0487] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention can
be used to differentiate, proliferate, and attract cells, leading
to the regeneration of tissues. (See, Science 276:59-87 (1997).)
The regeneration of tissues could be used to repair, replace, or
protect tissue damaged by congenital defects, trauma (wounds,
burns, incisions, or ulcers), age, disease (e.g. osteoporosis,
osteocarthritis, periodontal disease, liver failure), surgery,
including cosmetic plastic surgery, fibrosis, reperfusion injury,
or systemic cytokine damage.
[0488] Tissues that could be regenerated using the present
invention include organs (e.g., pancreas, liver, intestine, kidney,
skin, endothelium), muscle (smooth, skeletal or cardiac),
vasculature (including vascular and lymphatics), nervous,
hematopoietic, and skeletal (bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament)
tissue. Preferably, regeneration occurs without or decreased
scarring. Regeneration also may include angiogenesis.
[0489] Moreover, a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present
invention may increase regeneration of tissues difficult to heal.
For example, increased tendon/ligament regeneration would quicken
recovery time after damage. A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the
present invention could also be used prophylactically in an effort
to avoid damage. Specific diseases that could be treated include of
tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other tendon or ligament
defects. A further example of tissue regeneration of non-healing
wounds includes pressure ulcers, ulcers associated with vascular
insufficiency, surgical, and traumatic wounds.
[0490] Similarly, nerve and brain tissue could also be regenerated
by using a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention
to proliferate and differentiate nerve cells. Diseases that could
be treated using this method include central and peripheral nervous
system diseases, neuropathies, or mechanical and traumatic
disorders (e.g., spinal cord disorders, head trauma,
cerebrovascular disease, and stoke). Specifically, diseases
associated with peripheral nerve injuries, peripheral neuropathy
(e.g., resulting from chemotherapy or other medical therapies),
localized neuropathies, and central nervous system diseases (e.g.,
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Shy-Drager syndrome), could all
be treated using the polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present
invention.
[0491] Chemotaxis
[0492] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may
have chemotaxis activity. A chemotaxic molecule attracts or
mobilizes cells (e.g., monocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils,
T-cells, mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial and/or endothelial
cells) to a particular site in the body, such as inflammation,
infection, or site of hyperproliferation. The mobilized cells can
then fight off and/or heal the particular trauma or
abnormality.
[0493] A polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may
increase chemotaxic activity of particular cells. These chemotactic
molecules can then be used to treat inflammation, infection,
hyperproliferative disorders, or any immune system disorder by
increasing the number of cells targeted to a particular location in
the body. For example, chemotaxic molecules can be used to treat
wounds and other trauma to tissues by attracting immune cells to
the injured location. Chemotactic molecules of the present
invention can also attract fibroblasts, which can be used to treat
wounds.
[0494] It is also contemplated that a polynucleotide or polypeptide
of the present invention may inhibit chemotactic activity. These
molecules could also be used to treat disorders. Thus, a
polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention could be
used as an inhibitor of chemotaxis.
[0495] Binding Activity
[0496] A polypeptide of the present invention may be used to screen
for molecules that bind to the polypeptide or for molecules to
which the polypeptide binds. The binding of the polypeptide and the
molecule may activate (agonist), increase, inhibit (antagonist), or
decrease activity of the polypeptide or the molecule bound.
Examples of such molecules include antibodies, oligonucleotides,
proteins (e.g., receptors),or small molecules.
[0497] Preferably, the molecule is closely related to the natural
ligand of the polypeptide, e.g., a fragment of the ligand, or a
natural substrate, a ligand, a structural or functional mimetic.
(See, Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2):Chapter
5 (1991).) Similarly, the molecule can be closely related to the
natural receptor to which the polypeptide binds, or at least, a
fragment of the receptor capable of being bound by the polypeptide
(e.g., active site). In either case, the molecule can be rationally
designed using known techniques.
[0498] Preferably, the screening for these molecules involves
producing appropriate cells which express the polypeptide, either
as a secreted protein or on the cell membrane. Preferred cells
include cells from mammals, yeast, Drosophila, or E. Coli. Cells
expressing the polypeptide (or cell membrane containing the
expressed polypeptide) are then preferably contacted with a test
compound potentially containing the molecule to observe binding,
stimulation, or inhibition of activity of either the polypeptide or
the molecule.
[0499] The assay may simply test binding of a candidate compound to
the polypeptide, wherein binding is detected by a label, or in an
assay involving competition with a labeled competitor. Further, the
assay may test whether the candidate compound results in a signal
generated by binding to the polypeptide.
[0500] Alternatively, the assay can be carried out using cell-free
preparations, polypeptide/molecule affixed to a solid support,
chemical libraries, or natural product mixtures. The assay may also
simply comprise the steps of mixing a candidate compound with a
solution containing a polypeptide, measuring polypeptide/molecule
activity or binding, and comparing the polypeptide/molecule
activity or binding to a standard.
[0501] Preferably, an ELISA assay can measure polypeptide level or
activity in a sample (e.g., biological sample) using a monoclonal
or polyclonal antibody. The antibody can measure polypeptide level
or activity by either binding, directly or indirectly, to the
polypeptide or by competing with the polypeptide for a
substrate.
[0502] All of these above assays can be used as diagnostic or
prognostic markers. The molecules discovered using these assays can
be used to treat disease or to bring about a particular result in a
patient (e.g., blood vessel growth) by activating or inhibiting the
polypeptide/molecule. Moreover, the assays can discover agents
which may inhibit or enhance the production of the polypeptide from
suitably manipulated cells or tissues.
[0503] Therefore, the invention includes a method of identifying
compounds which bind to a polypeptide of the invention comprising
the steps of: (a) incubating a candidate binding compound with a
polypeptide of the invention; and (b) determining if binding has
occurred. Moreover, the invention includes a method of identifying
agonists/antagonists comprising the steps of: (a) incubating a
candidate compound with a polypeptide of the invention, (b)
assaying a biological activity, and (b) determining if a biological
activity of the polypeptide has been altered.
[0504] Other Activities
[0505] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may
also increase or decrease the differentiation or proliferation of
embryonic stem cells, besides, as discussed above, hematopoietic
lineage.
[0506] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may
also be used to modulate mammalian characteristics, such as body
height, weight, hair color, eye color, skin, percentage of adipose
tissue, pigmentation, size, and shape (e.g., cosmetic surgery).
Similarly, a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention
may be used to modulate mammalian metabolism affecting catabolism,
anabolism, processing, utilization, and storage of energy.
[0507] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may
be used to change a mammal's mental state or physical state by
influencing biorhythms, caricadic rhythms, depression (including
depressive disorders), tendency for violence, tolerance for pain,
reproductive capabilities (preferably by Activin or Inhibin-like
activity), hormonal or endocrine levels, appetite, libido, memory,
stress, or other cognitive qualities.
[0508] A polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may
also be used as a food additive or preservative, such as to
increase or decrease storage capabilities, fat content, lipid,
protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, cofactors or other
nutritional components.
OTHER PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0509] Other preferred embodiments of the claimed invention include
an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence
which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 50
contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X
wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1.
[0510] Also preferred is a nucleic acid molecule wherein said
sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with
the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the
Clone Sequence and ending with the nucleotide at about the position
of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID
NO:X in Table 1.
[0511] Also preferred is a nucleic acid molecule wherein said
sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with
the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the
Start Codon and ending with the nucleotide at about the position of
the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X
in Table 1.
[0512] Similarly preferred is a nucleic acid molecule wherein said
sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with
the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the
First Amino Acid of the Signal Peptide and ending with the
nucleotide at about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone
Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
[0513] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
a sequence of at least about 150 contiguous nucleotides in the
nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X.
[0514] Further preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
a sequence of at least about 500 contiguous nucleotides in the
nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X.
[0515] A further preferred embodiment is a nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X beginning with the
nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the First
Amino Acid of the Signal Peptide and ending with the nucleotide at
about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as
defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
[0516] A further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid
molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95%
identical to the complete nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X.
[0517] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule which
hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a nucleic
acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes
does not hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to a
nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence consisting of
only A residues or of only T residues.
[0518] Also preferred is a composition of matter comprising a DNA
molecule which comprises a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA
Clone Identifier in Table 1, which DNA molecule is contained in the
material deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and
given the ATCC Deposit Number shown in Table 1 for said cDNA Clone
Identifier.
[0519] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide
sequence of a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone
Identifier in Table 1, which DNA molecule is contained in the
deposit given the ATCC Deposit Number shown in Table 1.
[0520] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein
said sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides is included in
the nucleotide sequence of the complete open reading frame sequence
encoded by said human cDNA clone.
[0521] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
sequence of at least 150 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide
sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
[0522] A further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid
molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95%
identical to sequence of at least 500 contiguous nucleotides in the
nucleotide sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
[0523] A further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid
molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95%
identical to the complete nucleotide sequence encoded by said human
cDNA clone.
[0524] A further preferred embodiment is a method for detecting in
a biological sample a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide
sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least
50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group
consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is
any integer as defined in Table 1; and a nucleotide sequence
encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier
in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit
Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1; which method comprises
a step of comparing a nucleotide sequence of at least one nucleic
acid molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said
group and determining whether the sequence of said nucleic acid
molecule in said sample is at least 95% identical to said selected
sequence.
[0525] Also preferred is the above method wherein said step of
comparing sequences comprises determining the extent of nucleic
acid hybridization between nucleic acid molecules in said sample
and a nucleic acid molecule comprising said sequence selected from
said group. Similarly, also preferred is the above method wherein
said step of comparing sequences is performed by comparing the
nucleotide sequence determined from a nucleic acid molecule in said
sample with said sequence selected from said group. The nucleic
acid molecules can comprise DNA molecules or RNA molecules.
[0526] A further preferred embodiment is a method for identifying
the species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample which
method comprises a step of detecting nucleic acid molecules in said
sample, if any, comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least
95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides
in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in
Table 1; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone
identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in
the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone
in Table 1.
[0527] The method for identifying the species, tissue or cell type
of a biological sample can comprise a step of detecting nucleic
acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence in a panel of at
least two nucleotide sequences, wherein at least one sequence in
said panel is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50
contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from said group.
[0528] Also preferred is a method for diagnosing in a subject a
pathological condition associated with abnormal structure or
expression of a gene encoding a secreted protein identified in
Table 1, which method comprises a step of detecting in a biological
sample obtained from said subject nucleic acid molecules, if any,
comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least 95% identical to
a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence
selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ
ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a
nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a
cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with
the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0529] The method for diagnosing a pathological condition can
comprise a step of detecting nucleic acid molecules comprising a
nucleotide sequence in a panel of at least two nucleotide
sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least
95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides
in a sequence selected from said group.
[0530] Also preferred is a composition of matter comprising
isolated nucleic acid molecules wherein the nucleotide sequences of
said nucleic acid molecules comprise a panel of at least two
nucleotide sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel
is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous
nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a
nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as
defined in Table 1; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human
cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and
contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1. The nucleic acid molecules can comprise
DNA molecules or RNA molecules.
[0531] Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence of at
least about 10 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1.
[0532] Also preferred is a polypeptide, wherein said sequence of
contiguous amino acids is included in the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:Y in the range of positions beginning with the residue at
about the position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted Portion
and ending with the residue at about the Last Amino Acid of the
Open Reading Frame as set forth for SEQ ID NO:Y in Table 1.
[0533] Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at
least about 30 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:Y.
[0534] Further preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at
least about 100 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence
of SEQ ID NO:Y.
[0535] Further preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the complete amino
acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y.
[0536] Further preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence of at
least about 10 contiguous amino acids in the complete amino acid
sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone
identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in
the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone
in Table 1.
[0537] Also preferred is a polypeptide wherein said sequence of
contiguous amino acids is included in the amino acid sequence of a
secreted portion of the secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA
clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and
contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0538] Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at
least about 30 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of
the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human cDNA clone
identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in
the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone
in Table 1.
[0539] Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at
least about 100 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence
of the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human cDNA
clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and
contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0540] Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an
amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid
sequence of the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human
cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and
contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0541] Further preferred is an isolated antibody which binds
specifically to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10
contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group
consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is
any integer as defined in Table 1; and a complete amino acid
sequence of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a
cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with
the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0542] Further preferred is a method for detecting in a biological
sample a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which is at
least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino
acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino
acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in
Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by
a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1
and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1; which method comprises a step of
comparing an amino acid sequence of at least one polypeptide
molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said group
and determining whether the sequence of said polypeptide molecule
in said sample is at least 90% identical to said sequence of at
least 10 contiguous amino acids.
[0543] Also preferred is the above method wherein said step of
comparing an amino acid sequence of at least one polypeptide
molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said group
comprises determining the extent of specific binding of
polypeptides in said sample to an antibody which binds specifically
to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least
90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids
in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in
Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by
a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1
and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0544] Also preferred is the above method wherein said step of
comparing sequences is performed by comparing the amino acid
sequence determined from a polypeptide molecule in said sample with
said sequence selected from said group.
[0545] Also preferred is a method for identifying the species,
tissue or cell type of a biological sample which method comprises a
step of detecting polypeptide molecules in said sample, if any,
comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to
a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence
selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a
complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a
human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1
and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for
said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0546] Also preferred is the above method for identifying the
species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample, which method
comprises a step of detecting polypeptide molecules comprising an
amino acid sequence in a panel of at least two amino acid
sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least
90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids
in a sequence selected from the above group.
[0547] Also preferred is a method for diagnosing in a subject a
pathological condition associated with abnormal structure or
expression of a gene encoding a secreted protein identified in
Table 1, which method comprises a step of detecting in a biological
sample obtained from said subject polypeptide molecules comprising
an amino acid sequence in a panel of at least two amino acid
sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least
90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids
in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in
Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein
encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier
in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit
Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0548] In any of these methods, the step of detecting said
polypeptide molecules includes using an antibody.
[0549] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to
a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide wherein said
polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%
identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a
sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in
Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein
encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier
in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit
Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
[0550] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein
said nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide has been optimized
for expression of said polypeptide in a prokaryotic host.
[0551] Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein
said polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein
Y is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a complete amino acid
sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone
identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in
the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone
in Table 1.
[0552] Further preferred is a method of making a recombinant vector
comprising inserting any of the above isolated nucleic acid
molecule into a vector. Also preferred is the recombinant vector
produced by this method. Also preferred is a method of making a
recombinant host cell comprising introducing the vector into a host
cell, as well as the recombinant host cell produced by this
method.
[0553] Also preferred is a method of making an isolated polypeptide
comprising culturing this recombinant host cell under conditions
such that said polypeptide is expressed and recovering said
polypeptide. Also preferred is this method of making an isolated
polypeptide, wherein said recombinant host cell is a eukaryotic
cell and said polypeptide is a secreted portion of a human secreted
protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y beginning with
the residue at the position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted
Portion of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is an integer set forth in Table 1
and said position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted Portion
of SEQ ID NO:Y is defined in Table 1; and an amino acid sequence of
a secreted portion of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone
identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in
the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone
in Table 1. The isolated polypeptide produced by this method is
also preferred.
[0554] Also preferred is a method of treatment of an individual in
need of an increased level of a secreted protein activity, which
method comprises administering to such an individual a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an isolated
polypeptide, polynucleotide, or antibody of the claimed invention
effective to increase the level of said protein activity in said
individual.
[0555] Having generally described the invention, the same will be
more readily understood by reference to the following examples,
which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended as
limiting.
EXAMPLE
Example 1
Isolation of a Selected cDNA Clone from the Deposited Sample
[0556] Each cDNA clone in a cited ATCC deposit is contained in a
plasmid vector. Table 1 identifies the vectors used to construct
the cDNA library from which each clone was isolated. In many cases,
the vector used to construct the library is a phage vector from
which a plasmid has been excised. The table immediately below
correlates the related plasmid for each phage vector used in
constructing the cDNA library. For example, where a particular
clone is identified in Table 1 as being isolated in the vector
"Lambda Zap," the corresponding deposited clone is in
"pBluescript."
3 Vector Used to Construct Library Corresponding Deposited Plasmid
Lambda Zap pBluescript (pBS) Uni-Zap XR pBluescript (pBS) Zap
Express pBK lafmid BA plafmid BA pSport1 pSport1 pCMVSport 2.0
pCMVSport 2.0 pCMVSport 3.0 pCMVSport 3.0 pCR .RTM. 2.1 pCR .RTM.
2.1
[0557] Vectors Lambda Zap (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,128,256 and 5,286,636),
Uni-Zap XR (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,128, 256 and 5,286,636), Zap Express
(U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,128,256 and 5,286,636), pBluescript (pBS) (Short,
J. M. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 16:7583-7600 (1988); Alting-Mees,
M. A. and Short, J. M., Nucleic Acids Res. 17:9494 (1989)) and pBK
(Alting-Mees, M. A. et al., Strategies 5:58-61 (1992)) are
commercially available from Stratagene Cloning Systems, Inc., 11011
N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, Calif., 92037. pBS contains an
ampicillin resistance gene and pBK contains a neomycin resistance
gene. Both can be transformed into E. coli strain XL-1 Blue, also
available from Stratagene. pBS comes in 4 forms SK+, SK-, KS+ and
KS. The S and K refers to the orientation of the polylinker to the
T7 and T3 primer sequences which flank the polylinker region ("S"
is for Sacd and "K" is for KpnI which are the first sites on each
respective end of the linker). "+" or "-" refer to the orientation
of the f1 origin of replication ("ori"), such that in one
orientation, single stranded rescue initiated from the f1 ori
generates sense strand DNA and in the other, antisense.
[0558] Vectors pSport1, pCMVSport 2.0 and pCMVSport 3.0, were
obtained from Life Technologies, Inc., P. O. Box 6009,
Gaithersburg, Md. 20897. All Sport vectors contain an ampicillin
resistance gene and may be transformed into E. coli strain DH10B,
also available from Life Technologies. (See, for instance, Gruber,
C. E., et al., Focus 15:59 (1993).) Vector lafmid BA (Bento Soares,
Columbia University, N.Y.) contains an ampicillin resistance gene
and can be transformed into E. coli strain XL-1 Blue. Vector
pCR.RTM.2.1, which is available from Invitrogen, 1600 Faraday
Avenue, Carlsbad, Calif. 92008, contains an ampicillin resistance
gene and may be transformed into E. coli strain DH10B, available
from Life Technologies. (See, for instance, Clark, J. M., Nuc.
Acids Res. 16:9677-9686 (1988) and Mead, D. et al., Bio/Technology
9: (1991).) Preferably, a polynucleotide of the present invention
does not comprise the phage vector sequences identified for the
particular clone in Table 1, as well as the corresponding plasmid
vector sequences designated above.
[0559] The deposited material in the sample assigned the ATCC
Deposit Number cited in Table 1 for any given cDNA clone also may
contain one or more additional plasmids, each comprising a cDNA
clone different from that given clone. Thus, deposits sharing the
same ATCC Deposit Number contain at least a plasmid for each cDNA
clone identified in Table 1. Typically, each ATCC deposit sample
cited in Table 1 comprises a mixture of approximately equal amounts
(by weight) of about 50 plasmid DNAs, each containing a different
cDNA clone; but such a deposit sample may include plasmids for more
or less than 50 cDNA clones, up to about 500 cDNA clones.
[0560] Two approaches can be used to isolate a particular clone
from the deposited sample of plasmid DNAs cited for that clone in
Table 1. First, a plasmid is directly isolated by screening the
clones using a polynucleotide probe corresponding to SEQ ID
NO:X.
[0561] Particularly, a specific polynucleotide with 30-40
nucleotides is synthesized using an Applied Biosystems DNA
synthesizer according to the sequence reported. The oligonucleotide
is labeled, for instance, with .sup.32P-.gamma.-ATP using T4
polynucleotide kinase and purified according to routine methods.
(E.g., Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual,
Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring, N.Y. (1982).) The plasmid
mixture is transformed into a suitable host, as indicated above
(such as XL-1 Blue (Stratagene)) using techniques known to those of
skill in the art, such as those provided by the vector supplier or
in related publications or patents cited above. The transformants
are plated on 1.5% agar plates (containing the appropriate
selection agent, e.g., ampicillin) to a density of about 150
transformants (colonies) per plate. These plates are screened using
Nylon membranes according to routine methods for bacterial colony
screening (e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, 2nd Edit., (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
pages 1.93 to 1. 104), or other techniques known to those of skill
in the art.
[0562] Alternatively, two primers of 17-20 nucleotides derived from
both ends of the SEQ ID NO:X (i.e., within the region of SEQ ID
NO:X bounded by the 5' NT and the 3' NT of the clone defined in
Table 1) are synthesized and used to amplify the desired cDNA using
the deposited cDNA plasmid as a template. The polymerase chain
reaction is carried out under routine conditions, for instance, in
25 .mu.l of reaction mixture with 0.5 ug of the above cDNA
template. A convenient reaction mixture is 1.5-5 mM MgCl.sub.2,
0.01% (w/v) gelatin, 20 .mu.M each of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP, 25
pmol of each primer and 0.25 Unit of Taq polymerase. Thirty five
cycles of PCR (denaturation at 94.degree. C. for 1 min; annealing
at 55.degree. C. for 1 min; elongation at 72.degree. C. for 1 min)
are performed with a Perkin-Elmer Cetus automated thermal cycler.
The amplified product is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis
and the DNA band with expected molecular weight is excised and
purified. The PCR product is verified to be the selected sequence
by subcloning and sequencing the DNA product.
[0563] Several methods are available for the identification of the
5' or 3' non-coding portions of a gene which may not be present in
the deposited clone. These methods include but are not limited to,
filter probing, clone enrichment using specific probes, and
protocols similar or identical to 5' and 3' "RACE" protocols which
are well known in the art. For instance, a method similar to 5'
RACE is available for generating the missing 5' end of a desired
full-length transcript. (Fromont-Racine et al., Nucleic Acids Res.
21(7):1683-1684 (1993).)
[0564] Briefly, a specific RNA oligonucleotide is ligated to the 5'
ends of a population of RNA presumably containing full-length gene
RNA transcripts. A primer set containing a primer specific to the
ligated RNA oligonucleotide and a primer specific to a known
sequence of the gene of interest is used to PCR amplify the 5'
portion of the desired full-length gene. This amplified product may
then be sequenced and used to generate the full length gene.
[0565] This above method starts with total RNA isolated from the
desired source, although poly-A+ RNA can be used. The RNA
preparation can then be treated with phosphatase if necessary to
eliminate 5.degree. phosphate groups on degraded or damaged RNA
which may interfere with the later RNA ligase step. The phosphatase
should then be inactivated and the RNA treated with tobacco acid
pyrophosphatase in order to remove the cap structure present at the
5' ends of messenger RNAs. This reaction leaves a 5' phosphate
group at the 5' end of the cap cleaved RNA which can then be
ligated to an RNA oligonucleotide using T4 RNA ligase.
[0566] This modified RNA preparation is used as a template for
first strand cDNA synthesis using a gene specific oligonucleotide.
The first strand synthesis reaction is used as a template for PCR
amplification of the desired 5' end using a primer specific to the
ligated RNA oligonucleotide and a primer specific to the known
sequence of the gene of interest. The resultant product is then
sequenced and analyzed to confirm that the 5' end sequence belongs
to the desired gene.
Example 2
Isolation of Genomic Clones Corresponding to a Polynucleotide
[0567] A human genomic P1 library (Genomic Systems, Inc.) is
screened by PCR using primers selected for the cDNA sequence
corresponding to SEQ ID NO:X., according to the method described in
Example 1. (See also, Sambrook.)
Example 3
Tissue Distribution of Polypeptide
[0568] Tissue distribution of mRNA expression of polynucleotides of
the present invention is determined using protocols for Northern
blot analysis, described by, among others, Sambrook et al. For
example, a cDNA probe produced by the method described in Example 1
is labeled with P.sup.32 using the REDIPRIME.TM..TM. DNA labeling
system (Amersham Life Science), according to manufacturer's
instructions. After labeling, the probe is purified using CHROMA
SPIN-100.TM. column (CLONTECH.TM. Laboratories, Inc.), according to
manufacturer's protocol number PT1200-1. The purified labeled probe
is then used to examine various human tissues for mRNA
expression.
[0569] Multiple Tissue Northern (MTN) blots containing various
human tissues (H) or human immune system tissues (IM)
(CLONTECH.TM.) are examined with the labeled probe using
EXPRESSHYB.TM. hybridization solution (CLONTECH.TM.) according to
manufacturer's protocol number PT 1190-1. Following hybridization
and washing, the blots are mounted and exposed to film at
-70.degree. C. overnight, and the films developed according to
standard procedures.
Example 4
Chromosomal Mapping of the Polynucleotides
[0570] An oligonucleotide primer set is designed according to the
sequence at the 5' end of SEQ ID NO:X. This primer preferably spans
about 100 nucleotides. This primer set is then used in a polymerase
chain reaction under the following set of conditions : 30 seconds,
95.degree. C.; 1 minute, 56.degree. C.; 1 minute, 70.degree. C.
This cycle is repeated 32 times followe by one 5 minute cycle at
70.degree. C. Human, mouse, and hamster DNA is used as template in
addition to a somatic cell hybrid panel containing individual
chromosomes or chromosome fragments (Bios, Inc). The reactions is
analyzed on either 8% polyacrylamide gels or 3.5% agarose gels.
Chromosome mapping is determined by the presence of an
approximately 100 bp PCR fragment in the particular somatic cell
hybrid.
Example 5
Bacterial Expression of a Polypeptide
[0571] A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present
invention is amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers
corresponding to the 5' and 3' ends of the DNA sequence, as
outlined in Example 1, to synthesize insertion fragments. The
primers used to amplify the cDNA insert should preferably contain
restriction sites, such as BamHI and XbaI, at the 5' end of the
primers in order to clone the amplified product into the expression
vector. For example, BamHI and XbaI correspond to the restriction
enzyme sites on the bacterial expression vector pQE-9. (Qiagen,
Inc., Chatsworth, Calif.). This plasmid vector encodes antibiotic
resistance (Amp.sup.r), a bacterial origin of replication (ori), an
IPTG-regulatable promoter/operator (P/O), a ribosome binding site
(RBS), a 6-histidine tag (6-His), and restriction enzyme cloning
sites.
[0572] The pQE-9 vector is digested with BamHI and XbaI and the
amplified fragment is ligated into the pQE-9 vector maintaining the
reading frame initiated at the bacterial RBS. The ligation mixture
is then used to transform the E. coli strain M15/rep4 (Qiagen,
Inc.) which contains multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which
expresses the lacI repressor and also confers kanamycin resistance
(Kan.sup.r). Transformants are identified by their ability to grow
on LB plates and ampicillin/kanamycin resistant colonies are
selected. Plasmid DNA is isolated and confirmed by restriction
analysis.
[0573] Clones containing the desired constructs are grown overnight
(O/N) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both Amp (100
ug/ml) and Kan (25 ug/ml). The O/N culture is used to inoculate a
large culture at a ratio of 1:00 to 1:250. The cells are grown to
an optical density 600 (O.D..sup.600) of between 0.4 and 0.6. IPTG
(Isopropyl-B-D-thiogalacto pyranoside) is then added to a final
concentration of 1 mM. IPTG induces by inactivating the lacd
repressor, clearing the P/O leading to increased gene
expression.
[0574] Cells are grown for an extra 3 to 4 hours. Cells are then
harvested by centrifugation (20 mins at 6000.times.g). The cell
pellet is solubilized in the chaotropic agent 6 Molar Guanidine HCl
by stirring for 3-4 hours at 4.degree. C. The cell debris is
removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant containing the
polypeptide is loaded onto a nickel-nitrilo-tri-acetic acid
("Ni--NTA") affinity resin column (available from QIAGEN, Inc.,
supra). Proteins with a 6.times. His tag bind to the Ni--NTA resin
with high affinity and can be purified in a simple one-step
procedure (for details-see: The QlAexpressionist (1995) QIAGEN,
Inc., supra).
[0575] Briefly, the supernatant is loaded onto the column in 6 M
guanidine-HCl, pH 8, the column is first washed with 10 volumes of
6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 8, then washed with 10 volumes of 6 M
guanidine-HCl pH 6, and finally the polypeptide is eluted with 6 M
guanidine-HCl, pH 5.
[0576] The purified protein is then renatured by dialyzing it
against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 50 mM Na-acetate, pH 6
buffer plus 200 mM NaCl. Alternatively, the protein can be
successfully refolded while immobilized on the Ni--NTA column. The
recommended conditions are as follows: renature using a linear
6M-1M urea gradient in 500 mM NaCl, 20% glycerol, 20 mM Tris/HCl pH
7.4, containing protease inhibitors. The renaturation should be
performed over a period of 1.5 hours or more. After renaturation
the proteins are eluted by the addition of 250 mM immidazole.
Immidazole is removed by a final dialyzing step against PBS or 50
mM sodium acetate pH 6 buffer plus 200 mM NaCl. The purified
protein is stored at 4.degree. C. or frozen at -80.degree. C.
[0577] In addition to the above expression vector, the present
invention further includes an expression vector comprising phage
operator and promoter elements operatively linked to a
polynucleotide of the present invention, called pHE4a. (ATCC
Accession Number 209645, deposited on Feb. 25, 1998.) This vector
contains: 1) a neomycinphosphotransferase gene as a selection
marker, 2) an E. coli origin of replication, 3) a T5 phage promoter
sequence, 4) two lac operator sequences, 5) a Shine-Delgarno
sequence, and 6) the lactose operon repressor gene (lacIq). The
origin of replication (oriC) is derived from pUC19 (LTI,
Gaithersburg, Md.). The promoter sequence and operator sequences
are made synthetically.
[0578] DNA can be inserted into the pHEa by restricting the vector
with NdeI and XbaI, BamHI, XhoI, or Asp718, running the restricted
product on a gel, and isolating the larger fragment (the stuffer
fragment should be about 310 base pairs). The DNA insert is
generated according to the PCR protocol described in Example 1,
using PCR primers having restriction sites for NdeI (5' primer) and
XbaI, BamHI, XhoI, or Asp718 (3' primer). The PCR insert is gel
purified and restricted with compatible enzymes. The insert and
vector are ligated according to standard protocols.
[0579] The engineered vector could easily be substituted in the
above protocol to express protein in a bacterial system.
Example 6
Purification of a Polypeptide from an Inclusion Body
[0580] The following alternative method can be used to purify a
polypeptide expressed in E. coli when it is present in the form of
inclusion bodies. Unless otherwise specified, all of the following
steps are conducted at 4-10.degree. C.
[0581] Upon completion of the production phase of the E. coli
fermentation, the cell culture is cooled to 4-10.degree. C. and the
cells harvested by continuous centrifugation at 15,000 rpm (Heraeus
Sepatech). On the basis of the expected yield of protein per unit
weight of cell paste and the amount of purified protein required,
an appropriate amount of cell paste, by weight, is suspended in a
buffer solution containing 100 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.4. The
cells are dispersed to a homogeneous suspension using a high shear
mixer.
[0582] The cells are then lysed by passing the solution through a
microfluidizer (Microfuidics, Corp. or APV Gaulin, Inc.) twice at
4000-6000 psi. The homogenate is then mixed with NaCl solution to a
final concentration of 0.5 M NaCl, followed by centrifugation at
7000.times.g for 15 min. The resultant pellet is washed again using
0.5M NaCl, 100 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.4.
[0583] The resulting washed inclusion bodies are solubilized with
1.5 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) for 2-4 hours. After
7000.times.g centrifugation for 15 min., the pellet is discarded
and the polypeptide containing supernatant is incubated at
4.degree. C. overnight to allow further GuHCl extraction.
[0584] Following high speed centrifugation (30,000.times.g) to
remove insoluble particles, the GuHCl solubilized protein is
refolded by quickly mixing the GuHCl extract with 20 volumes of
buffer containing 50 mM sodium, pH 4.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA by
vigorous stirring. The refolded diluted protein solution is kept at
4.degree. C. without mixing for 12 hours prior to further
purification steps.
[0585] To clarify the refolded polypeptide solution, a previously
prepared tangential filtration unit equipped with 0.16 .mu.m
membrane filter with appropriate surface area (e.g., Filtron),
equilibrated with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 is employed. The
filtered sample is loaded onto a cation exchange resin (e.g., Poros
HS-50, Perseptive Biosystems). The column is washed with 40 mM
sodium acetate, pH 6.0 and eluted with 250 mM, 500 mM, 1000 mM, and
1500 mM NaCl in the same buffer, in a stepwise manner. The
absorbance at 280 nm of the effluent is continuously monitored.
Fractions are collected and further analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
[0586] Fractions containing the polypeptide are then pooled and
mixed with 4 volumes of water. The diluted sample is then loaded
onto a previously prepared set of tandem columns of strong anion
(Poros HQ-50, Perseptive Biosystems) and weak anion (Poros CM-20,
Perseptive Biosystems) exchange resins. The columns are
equilibrated with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0. Both columns are
washed with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0, 200 mM NaCl. The CM-20
column is then eluted using a 10 column volume linear gradient
ranging from 0.2 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 to 1.0 M
NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.5. Fractions are collected under
constant A.sub.280 monitoring of the effluent. Fractions containing
the polypeptide (determined, for instance, by 16% SDS-PAGE) are
then pooled.
[0587] The resultant polypeptide should exhibit greater than 95%
purity after the above refolding and purification steps. No major
contaminant bands should be observed from Commassie blue stained
16% SDS-PAGE gel when 5 .mu.g of purified protein is loaded. The
purified protein can also be tested for endotoxin/LPS
contamination, and typically the LPS content is less than 0.1 ng/ml
according to LAL assays.
Example 7
Cloning and Expression of a Polypeptide in a Baculovirus Expression
System
[0588] In this example, the plasmid shuttle vector pA2 is used to
insert a polynucleotide into a baculovirus to express a
polypeptide. This expression vector contains the strong polyhedrin
promoter of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus
(AcMNPV) followed by convenient restriction sites such as BamHI,
Xba I and Asp718. The polyadenylation site of the simian virus 40
("SV40") is used for efficient polyadenylation. For easy selection
of recombinant virus, the plasmid contains the beta-galactosidase
gene from E. coli under control of a weak Drosophila promoter in
the same orientation, followed by the polyadenylation signal of the
polyhedrin gene. The inserted genes are flanked on both sides by
viral sequences for cell-mediated homologous recombination with
wild-type viral DNA to generate a viable virus that express the
cloned polynucleotide.
[0589] Many other baculovirus vectors can be used in place of the
vector above, such as pAc373, pVL941, and pAcIM1, as one skilled in
the art would readily appreciate, as long as the construct provides
appropriately located signals for transcription, translation,
secretion and the like, including a signal peptide and an in-frame
AUG as required. Such vectors are described, for instance, in
Luckow et al., Virology 170:31-39 (1989).
[0590] Specifically, the cDNA sequence contained in the deposited
clone, including the AUG initiation codon and the naturally
associated leader sequence identified in Table 1, is amplified
using the PCR protocol described in Example 1. If the naturally
occurring signal sequence is used to produce the secreted protein,
the pA2 vector does not need a second signal peptide.
Alternatively, the vector can be modified (pA2 GP) to include a
baculovirus leader sequence, using the standard methods described
in Summers et al., "A Manual of Methods for Baculovirus Vectors and
Insect Cell Culture Procedures," Texas Agricultural Experimental
Station Bulletin No. 1555 (1987).
[0591] The amplified fragment is isolated from a 1% agarose gel
using a commercially available kit ("GENECLEAN.TM.," BIO 101 Inc.,
La Jolla, Calif.). The fragment then is digested with appropriate
restriction enzymes and again purified on a 1% agarose gel.
[0592] The plasmid is digested with the corresponding restriction
enzymes and optionally, can be dephosphorylated using calf
intestinal phosphatase, using routine procedures known in the art.
The DNA is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel using a commercially
available kit ("GENECLEAN.TM." BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Calif.).
[0593] The fragment and the dephosphorylated plasmid are ligated
together with T4 DNA ligase. E. coli HB101 or other suitable E.
coli hosts such as XL-1 Blue (Stratagene Cloning Systems, La Jolla,
Calif.) cells are transformed with the ligation mixture and spread
on culture plates. Bacteria containing the plasmid are identified
by digesting DNA from individual colonies and analyzing the
digestion product by gel electrophoresis. The sequence of the
cloned fragment is confirmed by DNA sequencing.
[0594] Five .mu.g of a plasmid containing the polynucleotide is
co-transfected with 1.0 .mu.g of a commercially available
linearized baculovirus DNA ("BACULOGOLD.TM. baculovirus DNA",
Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif.), using the lipofection method
described by Felgner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
84:7413-7417 (1987). One .mu.g of BACULOGOLD.TM. virus DNA and 5
.mu.g of the plasmid are mixed in a sterile well of a microtiter
plate containing 50 .mu.l of serum-free Grace's medium (Life
Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.). Afterwards, 10 .mu.l
Lipofectin plus 90 .mu.l Grace's medium are added, mixed and
incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. Then the transfection
mixture is added drop-wise to Sf9 insect cells (ATCC CRL 1711)
seeded in a 35 mm tissue culture plate with 1 ml Grace's medium
without serum. The plate is then incubated for 5 hours at
27.degree. C. The transfection solution is then removed from the
plate and 1 ml of Grace's insect medium supplemented with 10% fetal
calf serum is added. Cultivation is then continued at 27.degree. C.
for four days.
[0595] After four days the supernatant is collected and a plaque
assay is performed, as described by Summers and Smith, supra. An
agarose gel with "Blue Gal" (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg)
is used to allow easy identification and isolation of
gal-expressing clones, which produce blue-stained plaques. (A
detailed description of a "plaque assay" of this type can also be
found in the user's guide for insect cell culture and
baculovirology distributed by Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg,
page 9-10.) After appropriate incubation, blue stained plaques are
picked with the tip of a micropipettor (e.g., Eppendorf). The agar
containing the recombinant viruses is then resuspended in a
microcentrifuge tube containing 200 .mu.l of Grace's medium and the
suspension containing the recombinant baculovirus is used to infect
Sf9 cells seeded in 35 mm dishes. Four days later the supernatants
of these culture dishes are harvested and then they are stored at
4.degree. C.
[0596] To verify the expression of the polypeptide, Sf9 cells are
grown in Grace's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS.
The cells are infected with the recombinant baculovirus containing
the polynucleotide at a multiplicity of infection ("MOI") of about
2. If radiolabeled proteins are desired, 6 hours later the medium
is removed and is replaced with SF900 II medium minus methionine
and cysteine (available from Life Technologies Inc., Rockville,
Md.). After 42 hours, 5 .mu.Ci of .sup.35S-methionine and 5 .mu.Ci
.sup.35S-cysteine (available from Amersham) are added. The cells
are further incubated for 16 hours and then are harvested by
centrifugation. The proteins in the supernatant as well as the
intracellular proteins are analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by
autoradiography (if radiolabeled).
[0597] Microsequencing of the amino acid sequence of the amino
terminus of purified protein may be used to determine the amino
terminal sequence of the produced protein.
Example 8
Expression of a Polypeptide in Mammalian Cells
[0598] The polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed in
a mammalian cell. A typical mammalian expression vector contains a
promoter element, which mediates the initiation of transcription of
mRNA, a protein coding sequence, and signals required for the
termination of transcription and polyadenylation of the transcript.
Additional elements include enhancers, Kozak sequences and
intervening sequences flanked by donor and acceptor sites for RNA
splicing. Highly efficient transcription is achieved with the early
and late promoters from SV40, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) from
Retroviruses, e.g., RSV, HTLVI, HIVI and the early promoter of the
cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, cellular elements can also be used
(e.g., the human actin promoter).
[0599] Suitable expression vectors for use in practicing the
present invention include, for example, vectors such as pSVL and
pMSG (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), pRSVcat (ATCC 37152), pSV2dhfr
(ATCC 37146), pBC12MI (ATCC 67109), pCMVSport 2.0, and pCMVSport
3.0. Mammalian host cells that could be used include, human Hela,
293, H9 and Jurkat cells, mouse NIH3T3 and C127 cells, Cos 1, Cos 7
and CV1, quail QC1-3 cells, mouse L cells and Chinese hamster ovary
(CHO) cells.
[0600] Alternatively, the polypeptide can be expressed in stable
cell lines containing the polynucleotide integrated into a
chromosome. The co-transfection with a selectable marker such as
dhfr, gpt, neomycin, hygromycin allows the identification and
isolation of the transfected cells.
[0601] The transfected gene can also be amplified to express large
amounts of the encoded protein. The DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase)
marker is useful in developing cell lines that carry several
hundred or even several thousand copies of the gene of interest.
(See, e.g., Alt, F. W., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 253:1357-1370
(1978); Hamlin, J. L. and Ma, C., Biochem. et Biophys. Acta,
1097:107-143 (1990); Page, M. J. and Sydenham, M. A., Biotechnology
9:64-68 (1991).) Another useful selection marker is the enzyme
glutamine synthase (GS) (Murphy et al., Biochem J. 227:277-279
(1991); Bebbington et al., Bio/Technology 10:169-175 (1992). Using
these markers, the mammalian cells are grown in selective medium
and the cells with the highest resistance are selected. These cell
lines contain the amplified gene(s) integrated into a chromosome.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and NSO cells are often used for the
production of proteins.
[0602] Derivatives of the plasmid pSV2-dhfr (ATCC Accession No.
37146), the expression vectors pC4 (ATCC Accession No. 209646) and
pC6 (ATCC Accession No.209647) contain the strong promoter (LTR) of
the Rous Sarcoma Virus (Cullen et al., Molecular and Cellular
Biology, 438-447 (March, 1985)) plus a fragment of the CMV-enhancer
(Boshart et al., Cell 41:521-530 (1985).) Multiple cloning sites,
e.g., with the restriction enzyme cleavage sites BamHI, XbaI and
Asp718, facilitate the cloning of the gene of interest. The vectors
also contain the 3' intron, the polyadenylation and termination
signal of the rat preproinsulin gene, and the mouse DHFR gene under
control of the SV40 early promoter.
[0603] Specifically, the plasmid pC6, for example, is digested with
appropriate restriction enzymes and then dephosphorylated using
calf intestinal phosphates by procedures known in the art. The
vector is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel.
[0604] A polynucleotide of the present invention is amplified
according to the protocol outlined in Example 1. If the naturally
occurring signal sequence is used to produce the secreted protein,
the vector does not need a second signal peptide. Alternatively, if
the naturally occurring signal sequence is not used, the vector can
be modified to include a heterologous signal sequence. (See, e.g.,
WO 96/34891.)
[0605] The amplified fragment is isolated from a 1% agarose gel
using a commercially available kit ("GENECLEAN.TM.," BIO 101 Inc.,
La Jolla, Calif.). The fragment then is digested with appropriate
restriction enzymes and again purified on a 1% agarose gel.
[0606] The amplified fragment is then digested with the same
restriction enzyme and purified on a 1% agarose gel. The isolated
fragment and the dephosphorylated vector are then ligated with T4
DNA ligase. E. coli HB101 or XL-1 Blue cells are then transformed
and bacteria are identified that contain the fragment inserted into
plasmid pC6 using, for instance, restriction enzyme analysis.
[0607] Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking an active DHFR gene is
used for transfection. Five .mu.g of the expression plasmid pC6 is
cotransfected with 0.5 .mu.g of the plasmid pSVneo using lipofectin
(Felgner et al., supra). The plasmid pSV2-neo contains a dominant
selectable marker, the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an enzyme that
confers resistance to a group of antibiotics including G418. The
cells are seeded in alpha minus MEM supplemented with 1 mg/ml G418.
After 2 days, the cells are trypsinized and seeded in hybridoma
cloning plates (Greiner, Germany) in alpha minus MEM supplemented
with 10, 25, or 50 ng/ml of metothrexate plus 1 mg/ml G418. After
about 10-14 days single clones are trypsinized and then seeded in
6-well petri dishes or 10 ml flasks using different concentrations
of methotrexate (50 nM, 100 nM, 200 nM, 400 nM, 800 nM). Clones
growing at the highest concentrations of methotrexate are then
transferred to new 6-well plates containing even higher
concentrations of methotrexate (1 .mu.M, 2 .mu.M, 5 .mu.M, 10 mM,
20 mM). The same procedure is repeated until clones are obtained
which grow at a concentration of 100-200 .mu.M. Expression of the
desired gene product is analyzed, for instance, by SDS-PAGE and
Western blot or by reversed phase HPLC analysis.
Example 9
Protein Fusions
[0608] The polypeptides of the present invention are preferably
fused to other proteins. These fusion proteins can be used for a
variety of applications. For example, fusion of the present
polypeptides to His-tag, HA-tag, protein A, IgG domains, and
maltose binding protein facilitates purification. (See Example 5;
see also EP A 394,827; Traunecker, et al., Nature 331:84-86
(1988).) Similarly, fusion to IgG-1, IgG-3, and albumin increases
the halflife time in vivo. Nuclear localization signals fused to
the polypeptides of the present invention can target the protein to
a specific subcellular localization, while covalent heterodimer or
homodimers can increase or decrease the activity of a fusion
protein. Fusion proteins can also create chimeric molecules having
more than one function. Finally, fusion proteins can increase
solubility and/or stability of the fused protein compared to the
non-fused protein. All of the types of fusion proteins described
above can be made by modifying the following protocol, which
outlines the fusion of a polypeptide to an IgG molecule, or the
protocol described in Example 5.
[0609] Briefly, the human Fc portion of the IgG molecule can be PCR
amplified, using primers that span the 5' and 3' ends of the
sequence described below. These primers also should have convenient
restriction enzyme sites that will facilitate cloning into an
expression vector, preferably a mammalian expression vector.
[0610] For example, if pC4 (Accession No. 209646) is used, the
human Fc portion can be ligated into the BamHI cloning site. Note
that the 3' BamHI site should be destroyed. Next, the vector
containing the human Fc portion is re-restricted with BamHI,
linearizing the vector, and a polynucleotide of the present
invention, isolated by the PCR protocol described in Example 1, is
ligated into this BamHI site. Note that the polynucleotide is
cloned without a stop codon, otherwise a fusion protein will not be
produced.
[0611] If the naturally occurring signal sequence is used to
produce the secreted protein, pC4 does not need a second signal
peptide. Alternatively, if the naturally occurring signal sequence
is not used, the vector can be modified to include a heterologous
signal sequence. (See, e.g., WO 96/34891.)
4 Human IgG Fc region: GGGATCCGGAGCCCAAATCTTCTGACAAAACTCAC- A (SEQ
ID NO: 1) CATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAATTCGAGGGTG
CACCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGG
ACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACTCCTGAGGTCACAT
GCGTGGTGGTGGACGTAAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGG
TCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGC
ATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACA
ACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCC
TGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGT
GCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAACCCCCATCG
AGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAG
AACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATG
AGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGG
TCAAAGGCTTCTATCCAAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGT
GGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGA
CCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCT
TCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGT
GGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGC
ATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCC
TCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGAGTGCGACGGCCGC GACTCTAGAGGAT
Example 10
Production of an Antibody from a Polypeptide
[0612] The antibodies of the present invention can be prepared by a
variety of methods. (See, Current Protocols, Chapter 2.) For
example, cells expressing a polypeptide of the present invention is
administered to an animal to induce the production of sera
containing polyclonal antibodies. In a preferred method, a
preparation of the secreted protein is prepared and purified to
render it substantially free of natural contaminants. Such a
preparation is then introduced into an animal in order to produce
polyclonal antisera of greater specific activity.
[0613] In the most preferred method, the antibodies of the present
invention are monoclonal antibodies (or protein binding fragments
thereof). Such monoclonal antibodies can be prepared using
hybridoma technology. (Kohler et al., Nature 256:495 (1975); Kohler
et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 6:511 (1976); Kohler et al., Eur. J.
Immunol. 6:292 (1976); Hammerling et al., in: Monoclonal Antibodies
and T-Cell Hybridomas, Elsevier, N.Y., pp. 563-681 (1981).) In
general, such procedures involve immunizing an animal (preferably a
mouse) with polypeptide or, more preferably, with a secreted
polypeptide-expressing cell. Such cells may be cultured in any
suitable tissue culture medium; however, it is preferable to
culture cells in Earle's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with
10% fetal bovine serum (inactivated at about 56.degree. C.), and
supplemented with about 10 g/l of nonessential amino acids, about
1,000 U/ml of penicillin, and about 100 .mu.g/ml of
streptomycin.
[0614] The splenocytes of such mice are extracted and fused with a
suitable myeloma cell line. Any suitable myeloma cell line may be
employed in accordance with the present invention; however, it is
preferable to employ the parent myeloma cell line (SP2O), available
from the ATCC. After fusion, the resulting hybridoma cells are
selectively maintained in HAT medium, and then cloned by limiting
dilution as described by Wands et al. (Gastroenterology 80:225-232
(1981).) The hybridoma cells obtained through such a selection are
then assayed to identify clones which secrete antibodies capable of
binding the polypeptide.
[0615] Alternatively, additional antibodies capable of binding to
the polypeptide can be produced in a two-step procedure using
anti-idiotypic antibodies. Such a method makes use of the fact that
antibodies are themselves antigens, and therefore, it is possible
to obtain an antibody which binds to a second antibody. In
accordance with this method, protein specific antibodies are used
to immunize an animal, preferably a mouse. The splenocytes of such
an animal are then used to produce hybridoma cells, and the
hybridoma cells are screened to identify clones which produce an
antibody whose ability to bind to the protein-specific antibody can
be blocked by the polypeptide. Such antibodies comprise
anti-idiotypic antibodies to the protein-specific antibody and can
be used to immunize an animal to induce formation of further
protein-specific antibodies.
[0616] It will be appreciated that Fab and F(ab')2 and other
fragments of the antibodies of the present invention may be used
according to the methods disclosed herein. Such fragments are
typically produced by proteolytic cleavage, using enzymes such as
papain (to produce Fab fragments) or pepsin (to produce F(ab')2
fragments). Alternatively, secreted protein-binding fragments can
be produced through the application of recombinant DNA technology
or through synthetic chemistry.
[0617] For in vivo use of antibodies in humans, it may be
preferable to use "humanized" chimeric monoclonal antibodies. Such
antibodies can be produced using genetic constructs derived from
hybridoma cells producing the monoclonal antibodies described
above. Methods for producing chimeric antibodies are known in the
art. (See, for review, Morrison, Science 229:1202 (1985); Oi et
al., BioTechniques 4:214 (1986); Cabilly et al., U.S. Pat. No.
4,816,567; Taniguchi et al., EP 171496; Morrison et al., EP 173494;
Neuberger et al., WO 8601533; Robinson et al., WO 8702671;
Boulianne et al., Nature 312:643 (1984); Neuberger et al., Nature
314:268 (1985).)
Example 11
Production of Secreted Protein for High-Throughput Screening
Assays
[0618] The following protocol produces a supernatant containing a
polypeptide to be tested. This supernatant can then be used in the
Screening Assays described in Examples 13-20.
[0619] First, dilute Poly-D-Lysine (644 587 Boehringer-Mannheim)
stock solution (1 mg/ml in PBS) 1:20 in PBS (w/o calcium or
magnesium 17-516F Biowhittaker) for a working solution of 50 ug/ml.
Add 200 ul of this solution to each well (24 well plates) and
incubate at RT for 20 minutes. Be sure to distribute the solution
over each well (note: a 12-channel pipetter may be used with tips
on every other channel). Aspirate off the Poly-D-Lysine solution
and rinse with 1 ml PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline). The PBS should
remain in the well until just prior to plating the cells and plates
may be poly-lysine coated in advance for up to two weeks.
[0620] Plate 293T cells (do not carry cells past P+20) at
2.times.10.sup.5 cells/well in 0.5 ml DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified
Eagle Medium)(with 4.5 G/L glucose and L-glutamine (12-604F
Biowhittaker))/10% heat inactivated FBS(14-503F Biowhittaker)/lx
Penstrep(17-602E Biowhittaker). Let the cells grow overnight.
[0621] The next day, mix together in a sterile solution basin: 300
ul Lipofectamine (18324-012 Gibco/BRL) and 5 ml Optimem 1(31985070
Gibco/BRL)/96-well plate. With a small volume multi-channel
pipetter, aliquot approximately 2 ug of an expression vector
containing a polynucleotide insert, produced by the methods
described in Examples 8 or 9, into an appropriately labeled 96-well
round bottom plate. With a multi-channel pipetter, add 50 ul of the
Lipofectamine/Optimem I mixture to each well. Pipette up and down
gently to mix. Incubate at RT 15-45 minutes. After about 20
minutes, use a multi-channel pipetter to add 150 ul Optimem I to
each well. As a control, one plate of vector DNA lacking an insert
should be transfected with each set of transfections.
[0622] Preferably, the transfection should be performed by
tag-teaming the following tasks. By tag-teaming, hands on time is
cut in half, and the cells do not spend too much time on PBS.
First, person A aspirates off the media from four 24-well plates of
cells, and then person B rinses each well with 0.5-1 ml PBS. Person
A then aspirates off PBS rinse, and person B, using a 12-channel
pipetter with tips on every other channel, adds the 200 ul of
DNA/Lipofectamine/Optimem I complex to the odd wells first, then to
the even wells, to each row on the 24-well plates. Incubate at
37.degree. C. for 6 hours.
[0623] While cells are incubating, prepare appropriate media,
either 1% BSA in DMEM with 1.times. penstrep, or CHO-5 media (116.6
mg/L of CaC12 (anhyd); 0.00130 mg/L CuSO.sub.4-5H.sub.2O; 0.050
mg/L of Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.3-9H.sub.2O; 0.417 mg/L of
FeSO.sub.4-7H.sub.2O; 311.80 mg/L of Kcl; 28.64 mg/L of MgCl.sub.2;
48.84 mg/L of MgSO.sub.4; 6995.50 mg/L of NaCl; 2400.0 mg/L of
NaHCO.sub.3; 62.50 mg/L of NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4-H.sub.2O; 71.02 mg/L
of Na.sub.2HPO4; 0.4320 mg/L of ZnSO.sub.4-7H.sub.2O; 0.002 mg/L of
Arachidonic Acid; 1.022 mg/L of Cholesterol; 0.070 mg/L of
DL-alpha-Tocopherol-Acetate; 0.0520 mg/L of Linoleic Acid; 0.010
mg/L of Linolenic Acid; 0.010 mg/L of Myristic Acid; 0.010 mg/L of
Oleic Acid; 0.010 mg/L of Palmitric Acid; 0.010 mg/L of Palmitic
Acid; 100 mg/L of Pluronic F-68; 0.010 mg/L of Stearic Acid; 2.20
mg/L of Tween 80; 4551 mg/L of D-Glucose; 130.85 mg/ml of L-
Alanine; 147.50 mg/ml of L-Arginine-HCL; 7.50 mg/ml of
L-Asparagine-H.sub.20; 6.65 mg/ml of L-Aspartic Acid; 29.56 mg/ml
of L-Cystine-2HCL-H.sub.20; 31.29 mg/ml of L-Cystine-2HCL; 7.35
mg/ml of L-Glutamic Acid; 365.0 mg/ml of L-Glutamine; 18.75 mg/ml
of Glycine; 52.48 mg/ml of L-Histidine-HCL-H.sub.20; 106.97 mg/ml
of L-Isoleucine; 111.45 mg/ml of L-Leucine; 163.75 mg/ml of
L-Lysine HCL; 32.34 mg/ml of L-Methionine; 68.48 mg/ml of
L-Phenylalainine; 40.0 mg/ml of L-Proline; 26.25 mg/ml of L-Serine;
101.05 mg/ml of L-Threonine; 19.22 mg/ml of L-Tryptophan; 91.79
mg/ml of L-Tryrosine-2Na-2H.sub.20; 99.65 mg/ml of L-Valine; 0.0035
mg/L of Biotin; 3.24 mg/L of D-Ca Pantothenate; 11.78 mg/L of
Choline Chloride; 4.65 mg/L of Folic Acid; 15.60 mg/L of
i-Inositol; 3.02 mg/L of Niacinamide; 3.00 mg/L of Pyridoxal HCL;
0.031 mg/L of Pyridoxine HCL; 0.319 mg/L of Riboflavin; 3.17 mg/L
of Thiamine HCL; 0.365 mg/L of Thymidine; and 0.680 mg/L of Vitamin
B.sub.12; 25 mM of HEPES Buffer; 2.39 mg/L of Na Hypoxanthine;
0.105 mg/L of Lipoic Acid; 0.081 mg/L of Sodium Putrescine-2HCL;
55.0 mg/L of Sodium Pyruvate; 0.0067 mg/L of Sodium Selenite; 20 uM
of Ethanolamine; 0.122 mg/L of Ferric Citrate; 41.70 mg/L of
Methyl-B-Cyclodextrin complexed with Linoleic Acid; 33.33 mg/L of
Methyl-B-Cyclodextrin complexed with Oleic Acid; and 10 mg/L of
Methyl-B-Cyclodextrin complexed with Retinal) with 2 mm glutamine
and 1.times. penstrep. (BSA (81-068-3 Bayer) 100 gm dissolved in 1
L DMEM for a 10% BSA stock solution). Filter the media and collect
50 ul for endotoxin assay in 15 ml polystyrene conical.
[0624] The transfection reaction is terminated, preferably by
tag-teaming, at the end of the incubation period. Person A
aspirates off the transfection media, while person B adds 1.5 ml
appropriate media to each well. Incubate at 37.degree. C. for 45 or
72 hours depending on the media used: 1% BSA for 45 hours or CHO-5
for 72 hours.
[0625] On day four, using a 300 ul multichannel pipetter, aliquot
600 ul in one 1 ml deep well plate and the remaining supernatant
into a 2 ml deep well. The supernatants from each well can then be
used in the assays described in Examples 13-20.
[0626] It is specifically understood that when activity is obtained
in any of the assays described below using a supernatant, the
activity originates from either the polypeptide directly (e.g., as
a secreted protein) or by the polypeptide inducing expression of
other proteins, which are then secreted into the supernatant. Thus,
the invention further provides a method of identifying the protein
in the supernatant characterized by an activity in a particular
assay.
Example 12
Construction of GAS Reporter Construct
[0627] One signal transduction pathway involved in the
differentiation and proliferation of cells is called the Jaks-STATs
pathway. Activated proteins in the Jaks-STATs pathway bind to gamma
activation site "GAS" elements or interferon-sensitive responsive
element ("ISRE"), located in the promoter of many genes. The
binding of a protein to these elements alter the expression of the
associated gene.
[0628] GAS and ISRE elements are recognized by a class of
transcription factors called Signal Transducers and Activators of
Transcription, or "STATs." There are six members of the STATs
family. Stat1 and Stat3 are present in many cell types, as is Stat2
(as response to IFN-alpha is widespread). Stat4 is more restricted
and is not in many cell types though it has been found in T helper
class I, cells after treatment with IL-12. Stat5 was originally
called mammary growth factor, but has been found at higher
concentrations in other cells including myeloid cells. It can be
activated in tissue culture cells by many cytokines.
[0629] The STATs are activated to translocate from the cytoplasm to
the nucleus upon tyrosine phosphorylation by a set of kinases known
as the Janus Kinase ("Jaks") family. Jaks represent a distinct
family of soluble tyrosine kinases and include Tyk2, Jak1, Jak2,
and Jak3. These kinases display significant sequence similarity and
are generally catalytically inactive in resting cells.
[0630] The Jaks are activated by a wide range of receptors
summarized in the Table below. (Adapted from review by Schidler and
Damell, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 64:621-51 (1995).) A cytokine receptor
family, capable of activating Jaks, is divided into two groups: (a)
Class 1 includes receptors for IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9,
IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, Epo, PRL, GH, G-CSF, GM-CSF, LIF, CNTF, and
thrombopoietin; and (b) Class 2 includes IFN-a, IFN-g, and IL-10.
The Class 1 receptors share a conserved cysteine motif (a set of
four conserved cysteines and one tryptophan) and a WSXWS motif (a
membrane proximal region encoding Trp-Ser-Xxx-Trp-Ser (SEQ ID
NO:2)).
[0631] Thus, on binding of a ligand to a receptor, Jaks are
activated, which in turn activate STATs, which then translocate and
bind to GAS elements. This entire process is encompassed in the
Jaks-STATs signal transduction pathway.
[0632] Therefore, activation of the Jaks-STATs pathway, reflected
by the binding of the GAS or the ISRE element, can be used to
indicate proteins involved in the proliferation and differentiation
of cells. For example, growth factors and cytokines are known to
activate the Jaks-STATs pathway. (See Table below.) Thus, by using
GAS elements linked to reporter molecules, activators of the
Jaks-STATs pathway can be identified.
5 JAKs Ligand tyk2 Jak1 Jak2 Jak3 STATS GAS(elements) or ISRE IFN
family IFN-a/B + + - - 1, 2, 3 ISRE IFN-g + + - 1 GAS (IRF1 >
Lys6 > IFP) Il-10 + ? ? - 1, 3 gp130 family IL-6 (Pleiotrophic)
+ + + ? 1, 3 GAS (IRF1 > Lys6 > IFP) Il-11(Pleiotrophic) ? +
? ? 1, 3 OnM(Pleiotrophic) ? + + ? 1, 3 LIF(Pleiotrophic) ? + + ?
1, 3 CNTF(Pleiotrophic) -/+ + + ? 1, 3 G-CSF(Pleiotrophic) ? + ? ?
1, 3 IL-12(Pleiotrophic) + - + + 1, 3 g-C family IL-2 (lymphocytes)
- + - + 1, 3, 5 GAS IL-4 (lymph/myeloid) - + - + 6 GAS (IRF1 = IFP
>> Ly6)(IgH) IL-7 (lymphocytes) - + - + 5 GAS IL-9
(lymphocytes) - + - + 5 GAS IL-13 (lymphocyte) - + ? ? 6 GAS IL-15
? + ? + 5 GAS gp140 family IL-3 (myeloid) - - + - 5 GAS (IRF1 >
IFP >> Ly6) IL-5 (myeloid) - - + - 5 GAS GM-CSF (myeloid) - -
+ - 5 GAS Growth hormone family GH ? - + - 5 PRL ? +/- + - 1, 3, 5
EPO ? - + - 5 GAS (B-CAS > IRF1 = IFP >> Ly6) Receptor
Tyrosine Kinases EGF ? + + - 1, 3 GAS (IRF1) PDGF ? + + - 1, 3
CSF-1 ? + + - 1, 3 GAS (not IRF1)
[0633] To construct a synthetic GAS containing promoter element,
which is used in the Biological Assays described in Examples 13-14,
a PCR based strategy is employed to generate a GAS-SV40 promoter
sequence. The 5' primer contains four tandem copies of the GAS
binding site found in the IRF1 promoter and previously demonstrated
to bind STATs upon induction with a range of cytokines (Rothman et
al., Immunity 1:457-468 (1994).), although other GAS or ISRE
elements can be used instead. The 5' primer also contains 18 bp of
sequence complementary to the SV40 early promoter sequence and is
flanked with an XhoI site. The sequence of the 5' primer is:
6 5':GCGCCTCGAGATTTCCCCGAAATCTAGATTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 3)
CCGAAATGATTTCCCCGAAATGATTTCCCCGAAATA TCTGCCATCTCAATTAG:3'
[0634] The downstream primer is complementary to the SV40 promoter
and is flanked with a Hind III site:
5':GCGGCAAGCTTTTTGCAAAGCCTAGGC:3' (SEQ ID NO:4)
[0635] PCR amplification is performed using the SV40 promoter
template present in the B-gal:promoter plasmid obtained from
CLONTECH.TM.. The resulting PCR fragment is digested with XhoI/Hind
III and subcloned into BLSK2-. (Stratagene.) Sequencing with
forward and reverse primers confirms that the insert contains the
following sequence:
7 5':CTCGAGATTTCCCCGAAATCTAGATTTCCCCGA (SEQ ID NO: 5)
AATGATTTCCCCGAAATGATTTCCCCGAAATATCTG
CCATCTCAATTAGTCAGCAACCATAGTCCCGCCCCT
AACTCCGCCCATCCCGCCCCTAACTCCGCCCAGTTC
CGCCCATTCTCCGCCCCATGGCTGACTAATTTTTTT
TATTTATGCAGAGGCCGAGGCCGCCTCGGCCTCTGA
GCTATTCCAGAAGTAGTGAGGAGGCTTTTTTGGAGG CCTAGGCTTTTGCAAAAAGCTT:3'
[0636] With this GAS promoter element linked to the SV40 promoter,
a GAS:SEAP2 reporter construct is next engineered. Here, the
reporter molecule is a secreted alkaline phosphatase, or "SEAP."
Clearly, however, any reporter molecule can be instead of SEAP, in
this or in any of the other Examples. Well known reporter molecules
that can be used instead of SEAP include chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase (CAT), luciferase, alkaline phosphatase,
B-galactosidase, green fluorescent protein (GFP), or any protein
detectable by an antibody.
[0637] The above sequence confirmed synthetic GAS-SV40 promoter
element is subcloned into the pSEAP-Promoter vector obtained from
CLONTECH.TM. using HindIII and XhoI, effectively replacing the SV40
promoter with the amplified GAS:SV40 promoter element, to create
the GAS-SEAP vector. However, this vector does not contain a
neomycin resistance gene, and therefore, is not preferred for
mammalian expression systems.
[0638] Thus, in order to generate mammalian stable cell lines
expressing the GAS-SEAP reporter, the GAS-SEAP cassette is removed
from the GAS-SEAP vector using SalI and NotI, and inserted into a
backbone vector containing the neomycin resistance gene, such as
pGFP-1 (CLONTECH.TM.), using these restriction sites in the
multiple cloning site, to create the GAS-SEAP/Neo vector. Once this
vector is transfected into mammalian cells, this vector can then be
used as a reporter molecule for GAS binding as described in
Examples 13-14.
[0639] Other constructs can be made using the above description and
replacing GAS with a different promoter sequence. For example,
construction of reporter molecules containing NFK-B and EGR
promoter sequences are described in Examples 15 and 16. However,
many other promoters can be substituted using the protocols
described in these Examples. For instance, SRE, IL-2, NFAT, or
Osteocalcin promoters can be substituted, alone or in combination
(e.g., GAS/NF-KB/EGR, GAS/NF-KB, Il-2/NFAT, or NF-KB/GAS).
Similarly, other cell lines can be used to test reporter construct
activity, such as HELA (epithelial), HUVEC (endothelial), Reh
(B-cell), Saos-2 (osteoblast), HUVAC (aortic), or
Cardiomyocyte.
Example 13
High-Throughput Screening Assay for T-Cell Activity
[0640] The following protocol is used to assess T-cell activity by
identifying factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, that may
proliferate or differentiate T-cells. T-cell activity is assessed
using the GAS/SEAP/Neo construct produced in Example 12. Thus,
factors that increase SEAP activity indicate the ability to
activate the Jaks-STATS signal transduction pathway. The T-cell
used in this assay is Jurkat T-cells (ATCC Accession No. TIB-152),
although Molt-3 cells (ATCC Accession No. CRL-1552) and Molt-4
cells (ATCC Accession No. CRL-1 582) cells can also be used.
[0641] Jurkat T-cells are lymphoblastic CD4+ Th1 helper cells. In
order to generate stable cell lines, approximately 2 million Jurkat
cells are transfected with the GAS-SEAP/neo vector using DMRIE-C
(Life Technologies)(transfection procedure described below). The
transfected cells are seeded to a density of approximately 20,000
cells per well and transfectants resistant to 1 mg/ml genticin
selected. Resistant colonies are expanded and then tested for their
response to increasing concentrations of interferon gamma. The dose
response of a selected clone is demonstrated.
[0642] Specifically, the following protocol will yield sufficient
cells for 75 wells containing 200 ul of cells. Thus, it is either
scaled up, or performed in multiple to generate sufficient cells
for multiple 96 well plates. Jurkat cells are maintained in RPMI
+10% serum with 1%Pen-Strep. Combine 2.5 mls of OPTI-MEM.TM. (Life
Technologies) with 10 ug of plasmid DNA in a T25 flask. Add 2.5 ml
OPTI-MEM.TM. containing 50 ul of DMRIE-C and incubate at room
temperature for 15-45 mins.
[0643] During the incubation period, count cell concentration, spin
down the required number of cells (10.sup.7 per transfection), and
resuspend in OPTI-MEM.TM. to a final concentration of 10.sup.7
cells/ml. Then add 1 ml of 1.times.10 cells in OPTI-MEM.TM. to T25
flask and incubate at 37.degree. C. for 6 hrs. After the
incubation, add 10 ml of RPMI+15% serum.
[0644] The Jurkat:GAS-SEAP stable reporter lines are maintained in
RPMI+10% serum, 1 mg/ml Genticin, and 1% Pen-Strep. These cells are
treated with supernatants containing a polypeptide as produced by
the protocol described in Example 11.
[0645] On the day of treatment with the supernatant, the cells
should be washed and resuspended in fresh RPMI+10% serum to a
density of 500,000 cells per ml. The exact number of cells required
will depend on the number of supernatants being screened. For one
96 well plate, approximately 10 million cells (for 10 plates, 100
million cells) are required.
[0646] Transfer the cells to a triangular reservoir boat, in order
to dispense the cells into a 96 well dish, using a 12 channel
pipette. Using a 12 channel pipette, transfer 200 ul of cells into
each well (therefore adding 100, 000 cells per well).
[0647] After all the plates have been seeded, 50 ul of the
supernatants are transferred directly from the 96 well plate
containing the supernatants into each well using a 12 channel
pipette. In addition, a dose of exogenous interferon gamma (0.1,
1.0, 10 ng) is added to wells H9, H10, and H11 to serve as
additional positive controls for the assay.
[0648] The 96 well dishes containing Jurkat cells treated with
supernatants are placed in an incubator for 48 hrs (note: this time
is variable between 48-72 hrs). 35 ul samples from each well are
then transferred to an opaque 96 well plate using a 12 channel
pipette. The opaque plates should be covered (using sellophene
covers) and stored at -20.degree. C. until SEAP assays are
performed according to Example 17. The plates containing the
remaining treated cells are placed at 4.degree. C. and serve as a
source of material for repeating the assay on a specific well if
desired.
[0649] As a positive control, 100 Unit/ml interferon gamma can be
used which is known to activate Jurkat T cells. Over 30 fold
induction is typically observed in the positive control wells.
[0650] The above protocol may be used in the generation of both
transient, as well as, stable transfected cells, which would be
apparent to those of skill in the art.
Example 14
High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Myeloid Activity
[0651] The following protocol is used to assess myeloid activity by
identifying factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, that may
proliferate or differentiate myeloid cells. Myeloid cell activity
is assessed using the GAS/SEAP/Neo construct produced in Example
12. Thus, factors that increase SEAP activity indicate the ability
to activate the Jaks-STATS signal transduction pathway. The myeloid
cell used in this assay is U937, a pre-monocyte cell line, although
TF-1, HL60, or KG1 can be used.
[0652] To transiently transfect U937 cells with the GAS/SEAP/Neo
construct produced in Example 12, a DEAE-Dextran method (Kharbanda
et. al., 1994, Cell Growth & Differentiation, 5:259-265) is
used. First, harvest 2.times.10e.sup.7 U937 cells and wash with
PBS. The U937 cells are usually grown in RPMI 1640 medium
containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS)
supplemented with 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 mg/ml
streptomycin.
[0653] Next, suspend the cells in 1 ml of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4)
buffer containing 0.5 mg/ml DEAE-Dextran, 8 ug GAS-SEAP2 plasmid
DNA, 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 375 uM Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, 1
mM MgCl.sub.2, and 675 uM CaCl.sub.2. Incubate at 37.degree. C. for
45 min
[0654] Wash the cells with RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS and
then resuspend in 10 ml complete medium and incubate at 37.degree.
C. for 36 hr.
[0655] The GAS-SEAP/U937 stable cells are obtained by growing the
cells in 400 ug/ml G418. The G418-free medium is used for routine
growth but every one to two months, the cells should be re-grown in
400 ug/ml G418 for couple of passages.
[0656] These cells are tested by harvesting 1.times.10.sup.8 cells
(this is enough for ten 96-well plates assay) and wash with PBS.
Suspend the cells in 200 ml above described growth medium, with a
final density of 5.times.10.sup.5 cells/ml. Plate 200 ul cells per
well in the 96-well plate (or 1.times.10.sup.5 cells/well).
[0657] Add 50 ul of the supernatant prepared by the protocol
described in Example 11. Incubate at 37.degree. C. for 48 to 72 hr.
As a positive control, 100 Unit/ml interferon gamma can be used
which is known to activate U937 cells. Over 30 fold induction is
typically observed in the positive control wells. SEAP assay the
supernatant according to the protocol described in Example 17.
Example 15
High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Neuronal Activity
[0658] When cells undergo differentiation and proliferation, a
group of genes are activated through many different signal
transduction pathways. One of these genes, EGR1 (early growth
response gene 1), is induced in various tissues and cell types upon
activation. The promoter of EGR1 is responsible for such induction.
Using the EGR1 promoter linked to reporter molecules, activation of
cells can be assessed.
[0659] Particularly, the following protocol is used to assess
neuronal activity in PC12 cell lines. PC12 cells (rat
phenochromocytoma cells) are known to proliferate and/or
differentiate by activation with a number of mitogens, such as TPA
(tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate), NGF (nerve growth factor), and EGF
(epidermal growth factor). The EGR1 gene expression is activated
during this treatment. Thus, by stably transfecting PC12 cells with
a construct containing an EGR promoter linked to SEAP reporter,
activation of PC12 cells can be assessed.
[0660] The EGR/SEAP reporter construct can be assembled by the
following protocol. The EGR-1 promoter sequence (-633 to
+1)(Sakamoto K et al., Oncogene 6:867-871 (1991)) can be PCR
amplified from human genomic DNA using the following primers:
8 5' GCGCTCGAGGGATGACAGCGATAGAACCCC (SEQ ID NO: 6) GG-3' 5'
GCGAAGCTTCGCGACTCCCCGGATCCGCCT (SEQ ID NO: 7) C-3'
[0661] Using the GAS:SEAP/Neo vector produced in Example 12, EGR1
amplified product can then be inserted into this vector. Linearize
the GAS:SEAP/Neo vector using restriction enzymes XhoI/HindIII,
removing the GAS/SV40 stuffer. Restrict the EGR1 amplified product
with these same enzymes. Ligate the vector and the EGR1
promoter.
[0662] To prepare 96 well-plates for cell culture, two mls of a
coating solution (1:30 dilution of collagen type I (Upstate Biotech
Inc. Cat#08-115) in 30% ethanol (filter sterilized)) is added per
one 10 cm plate or 50 ml per well of the 96-well plate, and allowed
to air dry for 2 hr.
[0663] PC12 cells are routinely grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Bio
Whittaker) containing 10% horse serum (JRIH BIOSCIENCES, Cat. #
12449-78P), 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS)
supplemented with 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ug/ml
streptomycin on a precoated 10 cm tissue culture dish. One to four
split is done every three to four days. Cells are removed from the
plates by scraping and resuspended with pipetting up and down for
more than 15 times.
[0664] Transfect the EGR/SEAP/Neo construct into PC12 using the
Lipofectamine protocol described in Example 11. EGR-SEAP/PC12
stable cells are obtained by growing the cells in 300 ug/ml G418.
The G418-free medium is used for routine growth but every one to
two months, the cells should be re-grown in 300 ug/ml G418 for
couple of passages.
[0665] To assay for neuronal activity, a 10 cm plate with cells
around 70 to 80% confluent is screened by removing the old medium.
Wash the cells once with PBS (Phosphate buffered saline). Then
starve the cells in low serum medium (RPMI-1640 containing 1% horse
serum and 0.5% FBS with antibiotics) overnight.
[0666] The next morning, remove the medium and wash the cells with
PBS. Scrape off the cells from the plate, suspend the cells well in
2 ml low serum medium. Count the cell number and add more low serum
medium to reach final cell density as 5.times.10.sup.5
cells/ml.
[0667] Add 200 ul of the cell suspension to each well of 96-well
plate (equivalent to 1.times.10.sup.5 cells/well). Add 50 ul
supernatant produced by Example 11, 37.degree. C. for 48 to 72 hr.
As a positive control, a growth factor known to activate PC12 cells
through EGR can be used, such as 50 ng/ul of Neuronal Growth Factor
(NGF). Over fifty-fold induction of SEAP is typically seen in the
positive control wells. SEAP assay the supernatant according to
Example 17.
Example 16
High-Throughput Screening Assay for T-Cell Activity
[0668] NF-.kappa.B (Nuclear Factor .kappa.B) is a transcription
factor activated by a wide variety of agents including the
inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF, CD30 and CD40,
lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta, by exposure to LPS or
thrombin, and by expression of certain viral gene products. As a
transcription factor, NF-.kappa.B regulates the expression of genes
involved in immune cell activation, control of apoptosis
(NF-.kappa.B appears to shield cells from apoptosis), B and T-cell
development, anti-viral and antimicrobial responses, and multiple
stress responses.
[0669] In non-stimulated conditions, NF-.kappa.B is retained in the
cytoplasm with I-.kappa.B (Inhibitor .kappa.B). However, upon
stimulation, I-.kappa.B is phosphorylated and degraded, causing
NF-.kappa.B to shuttle to the nucleus, thereby activating
transcription of target genes. Target genes activated by
NF-.kappa.B include IL-2, IL-6, GM-CSF, ICAM-1 and class I MHC.
[0670] Due to its central role and ability to respond to a range of
stimuli, reporter constructs utilizing the NF-.kappa.B promoter
element are used to screen the supernatants produced in Example 11.
Activators or inhibitors of NF-.kappa.B would be useful in treating
diseases. For example, inhibitors of NF-.kappa.B could be used to
treat those diseases related to the acute or chronic activation of
NF-.kappa.B, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
[0671] To construct a vector containing the NF-.kappa.B promoter
element, a PCR based strategy is employed. The upstream primer
contains four tandem copies of the NF-.kappa.B binding site
(GGGGACTTTCCC) (SEQ ID NO:8), 18 bp of sequence complementary to
the 5' end of the SV40 early promoter sequence, and is flanked with
an XhoI site:
9 5':GCGGCCTCGAGGGGACTTTCCCGGGGACTTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 9)
GGGGACTTTCCGGGACTTTCCATCCTGCCATCTCAA TTAG:3'
[0672] The downstream primer is complementary to the 3' end of the
SV40 promoter and is flanked with a Hind III site:
5':GCGGCAAGCTTTTTGCAAAGCCTA- GGC:3' (SEQ ID NO:4)
[0673] CR amplification is performed using the SV40 promoter
template present in the pB-gal:promoter plasmid obtained from
CLONTECH.TM.. The resulting PCR fragment is digested with XhoI and
Hind III and subcloned into BLSK2-. (Stratagene) Sequencing with
the T7 and T3 primers confirms the insert contains the following
sequence:
10 5':CTCGAGGGGACTTTCCCGGGGACTTTCCGGG (SEQ ID NO: 10)
GACTTTCCGGGACTTTCCATCTGCCATCTCAATT
AGTCAGCAACCATAGTCCCGCCCCTAACTCCGCC
CATCCCGCCCCTAACTCCGCCCAGTTCCGCCCAT
TCTCCGCCCCATGGCTGACTAATTTTTTTTATTT
ATGCAGAGGCCGAGGCCGCCTCGGCCTCTGAGCT
ATTCCAGAAGTAGTGAGGAGGCTTTTTTGGAGGC CTAGGCTTTTGCAAAAAGCTT:3'
[0674] Next, replace the SV40 minimal promoter element present in
the pSEAP2-promoter plasmid (CLONTECH.TM.) with this NF-KB/SV40
fragment using XhoI and HindIII. However, this vector does not
contain a neomycin resistance gene, and therefore, is not preferred
for mammalian expression systems.
[0675] In order to generate stable mammalian cell lines, the
NF-.kappa.B/SV40/SEAP cassette is removed from the above
NF-.kappa.B/SEAP vector using restriction enzymes SalI and Not1,
and inserted into a vector containing neomycin resistance.
Particularly, the NF-.kappa.B/SV40/SEAP cassette was inserted into
pGFP-1 (CLONTECH.TM.), replacing the GFP gene, after restricting
pGFP-1 with SalI and NotI.
[0676] Once NF-.kappa.B/SV40/SEAP/Neo vector is created, stable
Jurkat T-cells are created and maintained according to the protocol
described in Example 13. Similarly, the method for assaying
supernatants with these stable Jurkat T-cells is also described in
Example 13. As a positive control, exogenous TNF alpha (0.1,1, 10
ng) is added to wells H9, H10, and H11, with a 5-10 fold activation
typically observed.
Example 17
Assay for SEAP Activity
[0677] As a reporter molecule for the assays described in Examples
13-16, SEAP activity is assayed using the Tropix Phospho-light Kit
(Cat. BP-400) according to the following general procedure. The
Tropix Phospho-light Kit supplies the Dilution, Assay, and Reaction
Buffers used below.
[0678] Prime a dispenser with the 2.5.times. Dilution Buffer and
dispense 15 .mu.l of 2.5.times. dilution buffer into Optiplates
containing 35 .mu.l of a supernatant. Seal the plates with a
plastic sealer and incubate at 65.degree. C. for 30 min. Separate
the Optiplates to avoid uneven heating.
[0679] Cool the samples to room temperature for 15 minutes. Empty
the dispenser and prime with the Assay Buffer. Add 50 [l Assay
Buffer and incubate at room temperature 5 min. Empty the dispenser
and prime with the Reaction Buffer (see the table below). Add 15
.mu.l Reaction Buffer and incubate at room temperature for 20
minutes. Since the intensity of the chemiluminescent signal is time
dependent, and it takes about 10 minutes to read 5 plates on
luminometer, one should treat 5 plates at each time and start the
second set 10 minutes later.
[0680] Read the relative light unit in the luminometer. Set H12 as
blank, and print the results. An increase in chemiluminescence
indicates reporter activity.
11 Reaction Buffer Formulation: # of plates Rxn buffer diluent (ml)
CSPD (ml) 10 60 3 11 65 3.25 12 70 3.5 13 75 3.75 14 80 4 15 85
4.25 16 90 4.5 17 95 4.75 18 100 5 19 105 5.25 20 110 5.5 21 115
5.75 22 120 6 23 125 6.25 24 130 6.5 25 135 6.75 26 140 7 27 145
7.25 28 150 7.5 29 155 7.75 30 160 8 31 165 8.25 32 170 8.5 33 175
8.75 34 180 9 35 185 9.25 36 190 9.5 37 195 9.75 38 200 10 39 205
10.25 40 210 10.5 41 215 10.75 42 220 11 43 225 11.25 44 230 11.5
45 235 11.75 46 240 12 47 245 12.25 48 250 12.5 49 255 12.75 50 260
13
Example 18
High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Changes in Small
Molecule Concentration and Membrane Permeability
[0681] Binding of a ligand to a receptor is known to alter
intracellular levels of small molecules, such as calcium,
potassium, sodium, and pH, as well as alter membrane potential.
These alterations can be measured in an assay to identify
supernatants which bind to receptors of a particular cell. Although
the following protocol describes an assay for calcium, this
protocol can easily be modified to detect changes in potassium,
sodium, pH, membrane potential, or any other small molecule which
is detectable by a fluorescent probe.
[0682] The following assay uses Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader
("FLIPR") to measure changes in fluorescent molecules (Molecular
Probes) that bind small molecules. Clearly, any fluorescent
molecule detecting a small molecule can be used instead of the
calcium fluorescent molecule, fluo-4 (Molecular Probes, Inc.;
catalog no. F-14202), used here.
[0683] For adherent cells, seed the cells at 10,000 -20,000
cells/well in a Co-star black 96-well plate with clear bottom. The
plate is incubated in a CO.sub.2 incubator for 20 hours. The
adherent cells are washed two times in Biotek washer with 200 ul of
HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) leaving 100 ul of buffer after
the final wash.
[0684] A stock solution of 1 mg/ml fluo-4 is made in 10% pluronic
acid DMSO. To load the cells with fluo-4 , 50 ul of 12 ug/ml fluo-4
is added to each well. The plate is incubated at 37.degree. C. in a
CO.sub.2 incubator for 60 min. The plate is washed four times in
the Biotek washer with HBSS leaving 100 ul of buffer.
[0685] For non-adherent cells, the cells are spun down from culture
media. Cells are re-suspended to 2-5.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml with
HBSS in a 50-ml conical tube. 4 ul of 1 mg/ml fluo-4 solution in
10% pluronic acid DMSO is added to each ml of cell suspension. The
tube is then placed in a 37.degree. C. water bath for 30-60 min.
The cells are washed twice with HBSS, resuspended to
1.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml, and dispensed into a microplate, 100
ul/well. The plate is centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min. The plate
is then washed once in Denley CellWash with 200 ul, followed by an
aspiration step to 100 ul final volume.
[0686] For a non-cell based assay, each well contains a fluorescent
molecule, such as fluo-4. The supernatant is added to the well, and
a change in fluorescence is detected.
[0687] To measure the fluorescence of intracellular calcium, the
FLIPR is set for the following parameters: (1) System gain is
300-800 mW; (2) Exposure time is 0.4 second; (3) Camera F/stop is
F/2; (4) Excitation is 488 nm; (5) Emission is 530 nm; and (6)
Sample addition is 50 ul. Increased emission at 530 nm indicates an
extracellular signaling event which has resulted in an increase in
the intracellular Ca.sup.++ concentration.
Example 19
High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Tyrosine Kinase
Activity
[0688] The Protein Tyrosine Kinases (PTK) represent a diverse group
of transmembrane and cytoplasmic kinases. Within the Receptor
Protein Tyrosine Kinase RPTK) group are receptors for a range of
mitogenic and metabolic growth factors including the PDGF, FGF,
EGF, NGF, HGF and Insulin receptor subfamilies. In addition there
are a large family of RPTKs for which the corresponding ligand is
unknown. Ligands for RPTKs include mainly secreted small proteins,
but also membrane-bound and extracellular matrix proteins.
[0689] Activation of RPTK by ligands involves ligand-mediated
receptor dimerization, resulting in transphosphorylation of the
receptor subunits and activation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine
kinases. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases include receptor
associated tyrosine kinases of the src-family (e.g., src, yes, lck,
lyn, fyn) and non-receptor linked and cytosolic protein tyrosine
kinases, such as the Jak family, members of which mediate signal
transduction triggered by the cytokine superfamily of receptors
(e.g., the Interleukins, Interferons, GM-CSF, and Leptin).
[0690] Because of the wide range of known factors capable of
stimulating tyrosine kinase activity, the identification of novel
human secreted proteins capable of activating tyrosine kinase
signal transduction pathways are of interest. Therefore, the
following protocol is designed to identify those novel human
secreted proteins capable of activating the tyrosine kinase signal
transduction pathways.
[0691] Seed target cells (e.g., primary keratinocytes) at a density
of approximately 25,000 cells per well in a 96 well LOPRODYNE.TM.
Silent Screen Plates purchased from Nalge Nunc (Naperville, Ill.).
The plates are sterilized with two 30 minute rinses with 100%
ethanol, rinsed with water and dried overnight. Some plates are
coated for 2 hr with 100 ml of cell culture grade type I collagen
(50 mg/ml), gelatin (2%) or polylysine (50 mg/ml), all of which can
be purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, Mo.) or 10%
MATRIGEL.TM..TM. purchased from Becton Dickinson (Bedford, Mass.),
or calf serum, rinsed with PBS and stored at 4.degree. C. Cell
growth on these plates is assayed by seeding 5,000 cells/well in
growth medium and indirect quantitation of cell number through use
of alamarBlue as described by the manufacturer Alamar Biosciences,
Inc. (Sacramento, Calif.) after 48 hr. Falcon plate covers #3071
from Becton Dickinson (Bedford, Mass.) are used to cover the
LOPRODYNE.TM. Silent Screen Plates. Falcon Microtest III cell
culture plates can also be used in some proliferation
experiments.
[0692] To prepare extracts, A431 cells are seeded onto the nylon
membranes of LOPRODYNE.TM. plates (20,000/200 ml/well) and cultured
overnight in complete medium. Cells are quiesced by incubation in
serum-free basal medium for 24 hr. After 5-20 minutes treatment
with EGF (60 ng/ml) or 50 ul of the supernatant produced in Example
11, the medium was removed and 100 ml of extraction buffer ((20 mM
HEPES pH 7.5, 0.15 M NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 2 mM Na3VO4,
2 mM Na4P2O7 and a cocktail of protease inhibitors (# 1836170)
obtained from Boeheringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, Ind.) is added to
each well and the plate is shaken on a rotating shaker for 5
minutes at 4.degree. C. The plate is then placed in a vacuum
transfer manifold and the extract filtered through the 0.45 mm
membrane bottoms of each well using house vacuum. Extracts are
collected in a 96-well catch/assay plate in the bottom of the
vacuum manifold and immediately placed on ice. To obtain extracts
clarified by centrifugation, the content of each well, after
detergent solubilization for 5 minutes, is removed and centrifuged
for 15 minutes at 4.degree. C. at 16,000.times.g.
[0693] Test the filtered extracts for levels of tyrosine kinase
activity. Although many methods of detecting tyrosine kinase
activity are known, one method is described here.
[0694] Generally, the tyrosine kinase activity of a supernatant is
evaluated by determining its ability to phosphorylate a tyrosine
residue on a specific substrate (a biotinylated peptide).
Biotinylated peptides that can be used for this purpose include
PSK1 (corresponding to amino acids 6-20 of the cell division kinase
cdc2-p34) and PSK2 (corresponding to amino acids 1-17 of gastrin).
Both peptides are substrates for a range of tyrosine kinases and
are available from Boehringer Mannheim.
[0695] The tyrosine kinase reaction is set up by adding the
following components in order. First, add 10 ul of 5 uM
Biotinylated Peptide, then 10 ul ATP/Mg.sub.2+(5 mM ATP/50 mM
MgCl.sub.2), then 10 ul of 5.times. Assay Buffer (40 mM imidazole
hydrochloride, pH7.3, 40 mM beta-glycerophosphate, 1 mM EGTA, 100
mM MgCl.sub.2, 5 mM MnCl.sub.2, 0.5 mg/ml BSA), then 5 ul of Sodium
Vanadate (1 mM), and then 5 ul of water. Mix the components gently
and preincubate the reaction mix at 30.degree. C. for 2 min.
Initial the reaction by adding 10 ul of the control enzyme or the
filtered supernatant.
[0696] The tyrosine kinase assay reaction is then terminated by
adding 10 ul of 120 mm EDTA and place the reactions on ice.
[0697] Tyrosine kinase activity is determined by transferring 50 ul
aliquot of reaction mixture to a microtiter plate (MTP) module and
incubating at 37.degree. C. for 20 min. This allows the
streptavadin coated 96 well plate to associate with the
biotinylated peptide. Wash the MTP module with 300 ul/well of PBS
four times. Next add 75 ul of anti-phospotyrosine antibody
conjugated to horse radish peroxidase(anti-P-Tyr-POD(0.5 u/ml)) to
each well and incubate at 37.degree. C. for one hour. Wash the well
as above.
[0698] Next add 100 ul of peroxidase substrate solution (Boehringer
Mannheim) and incubate at room temperature for at least 5 mins (up
to 30 min). Measure the absorbance of the sample at 405 nm by using
ELISA reader. The level of bound peroxidase activity is quantitated
using an ELISA reader and reflects the level of tyrosine kinase
activity.
Example 20
High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Phosphorylation
Activity
[0699] As a potential alternative and/or compliment to the assay of
protein tyrosine kinase activity described in Example 19, an assay
which detects activation (phosphorylation) of major intracellular
signal transduction intermediates can also be used. For example, as
described below one particular assay can detect tyrosine
phosphorylation of the Erk-1 and Erk-2 kinases. However,
phosphorylation of other molecules, such as Raf, JNK, p38 MAP, Map
kinase kinase (MEK), MEK kinase, Src, Muscle specific kinase
(MuSK), IRAK, Tec, and Janus, as well as any other phosphoserine,
phosphotyrosine, or phosphothreonine molecule, can be detected by
substituting these molecules for Erk-1 or Erk-2 in the following
assay.
[0700] Specifically, assay plates are made by coating the wells of
a 96-well ELISA plate with 0.1 ml of protein G (1 ug/ml) for 2 hr
at room temp, (RT). The plates are then rinsed with PBS and blocked
with 3% BSA/PBS for 1 hr at RT. The protein G plates are then
treated with 2 commercial monoclonal antibodies (100 ng/well)
against Erk-1 and Erk-2 (1 hr at RT) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
(To detect other molecules, this step can easily be modified by
substituting a monoclonal antibody detecting any of the above
described molecules.) After 3-5 rinses with PBS, the plates are
stored at 4.degree. C. until use.
[0701] A43 1 cells are seeded at 20,000/well in a 96-well
LOPRODYNE.TM. filterplate and cultured overnight in growth medium.
The cells are then starved for 48 hr in basal medium (DMEM) and
then treated with EGF (6 ng/well) or 50 ul of the supernatants
obtained in Example 11 for 5-20 minutes. The cells are then
solubilized and extracts filtered directly into the assay
plate.
[0702] After incubation with the extract for 1 hr at RT, the wells
are again rinsed. As a positive control, a commercial preparation
of MAP kinase (10 ng/well) is used in place of A43 1 extract.
Plates are then treated with a commercial polyclonal (rabbit)
antibody (1 ug/ml) which specifically recognizes the phosphorylated
epitope of the Erk-1 and Erk-2 kinases (1 hr at RT). This antibody
is biotinylated by standard procedures. The bound polyclonal
antibody is then quantitated by successive incubations with
Europium-streptavidin and Europium fluorescence enhancing reagent
in the Wallac DELFIA instrument (time-resolved fluorescence). An
increased fluorescent signal over background indicates a
phosphorylation.
Example 21
Method of Determining Alterations in a Gene Corresponding to a
Polynucleotide
[0703] RNA isolated from entire families or individual patients
presenting with a phenotype of interest (such as a disease) is be
isolated. cDNA is then generated from these RNA samples using
protocols known in the art. (See, Sambrook.) The cDNA is then used
as a template for PCR, employing primers surrounding regions of
interest in SEQ ID NO:X. Suggested PCR conditions consist of 35
cycles at 95.degree. C. for 30 seconds; 60-120 seconds at
52-58.degree. C.; and 60-120 seconds at 70.degree. C., using buffer
solutions described in Sidransky, D., et al., Science 252:706
(1991).
[0704] PCR products are then sequenced using primers labeled at
their 5' end with T4 polynucleotide kinase, employing SequiTherm
Polymerase. (Epicentre Technologies). The intron-exon borders of
selected exons is also determined and genomic PCR products analyzed
to confirm the results. PCR products harboring suspected mutations
is then cloned and sequenced to validate the results of the direct
sequencing.
[0705] PCR products is cloned into T-tailed vectors as described in
Holton, T. A. and Graham, M. W., Nucleic Acids Research, 19:1156
(1991) and sequenced with T7 polymerase (United States
Biochemical). Affected individuals are identified by mutations not
present in unaffected individuals.
[0706] Genomic rearrangements are also observed as a method of
determining alterations in a gene corresponding to a
polynucleotide. Genomic clones isolated according to Example 2 are
nick-translated with digoxigenindeoxy-uridine 5'-triphosphate
(Boehringer Manheim), and FISH performed as described in Johnson,
Cg. et al., Methods Cell Biol. 35:73-99 (1991). Hybridization with
the labeled probe is carried out using a vast excess of human cot-1
DNA for specific hybridization to the corresponding genomic
locus.
[0707] Chromosomes are counterstained with
4,6-diamino-2-phenylidole and propidium iodide, producing a
combination of C-- and R-bands. Aligned images for precise mapping
are obtained using a triple-band filter set (Chroma Technology,
Brattleboro, Vt.) in combination with a cooled charge-coupled
device camera (Photometrics, Tucson, Ariz.) and variable excitation
wavelength filters. (Johnson, Cv. et al., Genet. Anal. Tech. Appl.,
8:75 (1991).) Image collection, analysis and chromosomal fractional
length measurements are performed using the ISee Graphical Program
System. (Inovision Corporation, Durham, N.C.) Chromosome
alterations of the genomic region hybridized by the probe are
identified as insertions, deletions, and translocations. These
alterations are used as a diagnostic marker for an associated
disease.
Example 22
Method of Detecting Abnormal Levels of a Polypeptide in a
Biological Sample
[0708] A polypeptide of the present invention can be detected in a
biological sample, and if an increased or decreased level of the
polypeptide is detected, this polypeptide is a marker for a
particular phenotype. Methods of detection are numerous, and thus,
it is understood that one skilled in the art can modify the
following assay to fit their particular needs.
[0709] For example, antibody-sandwich ELISAs are used to detect
polypeptides in a sample, preferably a biological sample. Wells of
a microtiter plate are coated with specific antibodies, at a final
concentration of 0.2 to 10 ug/ml. The antibodies are either
monoclonal or polyclonal and are produced by the method described
in Example 10. The wells are blocked so that non-specific binding
of the polypeptide to the well is reduced.
[0710] The coated wells are then incubated for >2 hours at RT
with a sample containing the polypeptide. Preferably, serial
dilutions of the sample should be used to validate results. The
plates are then washed three times with deionized or distilled
water to remove unbounded polypeptide.
[0711] Next, 50 ul of specific antibody-alkaline phosphatase
conjugate, at a concentration of 25-400 ng, is added and incubated
for 2 hours at room temperature. The plates are again washed three
times with deionized or distilled water to remove unbounded
conjugate.
[0712] Add 75 ul of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (MUP) or
p-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) substrate solution to each well and
incubate 1 hour at room temperature. Measure the reaction by a
microtiter plate reader. Prepare a standard curve, using serial
dilutions of a control sample, and plot polypeptide concentration
on the X-axis (log scale) and fluorescence or absorbance of the
Y-axis (linear scale). Interpolate the concentration of the
polypeptide in the sample using the standard curve.
Example 23
Formulating a Polypeptide
[0713] The secreted polypeptide composition will be formulated and
dosed in a fashion consistent with good medical practice, taking
into account the clinical condition of the individual patient
(especially the side effects of treatment with the secreted
polypeptide alone), the site of delivery, the method of
administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors
known to practitioners. The "effective amount" for purposes herein
is thus determined by such considerations.
[0714] As a general proposition, the total pharmaceutically
effective amount of secreted polypeptide administered parenterally
per dose will be in the range of about 1 .mu.g/kg/day to 10
mg/kg/day of patient body weight, although, as noted above, this
will be subject to therapeutic discretion. More preferably, this
dose is at least 0.01 mg/kg/day, and most preferably for humans
between about 0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day for the hormone. If given
continuously, the secreted polypeptide is typically administered at
a dose rate of about 1 .mu.g/kg/hour to about 50 .mu.g/kg/hour,
either by 1-4 injections per day or by continuous subcutaneous
infusions, for example, using a mini-pump. An intravenous bag
solution may also be employed. The length of treatment needed to
observe changes and the interval following treatment for responses
to occur appears to vary depending on the desired effect.
[0715] Pharmaceutical compositions containing the secreted protein
of the invention are administered orally, rectally, parenterally,
intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as
by powders, ointments, gels, drops or transdermal patch), bucally,
or as an oral or nasal spray. "Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier"
refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent,
encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. The
term "parenteral" as used herein refers to modes of administration
which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
intrastemal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injection and
infusion.
[0716] The secreted polypeptide is also suitably administered by
sustained-release systems. Suitable examples of sustained-release
compositions include semi-permeable polymer matrices in the form of
shaped articles, e.g., films, or mirocapsules. Sustained-release
matrices include polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481),
copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman,
U. et al., Biopolymers 22:547-556 (1983)), poly (2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate) (R. Langer et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15:167-277
(1981), and R. Langer, Chem. Tech. 12:98-105 (1982)), ethylene
vinyl acetate (R. Langer et al.) or poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric
acid (EP 133,988). Sustained-release compositions also include
liposomally entrapped polypeptides. Liposomes containing the
secreted polypeptide are prepared by methods known per se: DE
3,218,121; Epstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3688-3692
(1985); Hwang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4030-4034
(1980); EP 52,322; EP 36,676; EP 88,046; EP 143,949; EP 142,641;
Japanese Pat. Appl. 83-118008; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,485,045 and
4,544,545; and EP 102,324. Ordinarily, the liposomes are of the
small (about 200-800 Angstroms) unilamellar type in which the lipid
content is greater than about 30 mol. percent cholesterol, the
selected proportion being adjusted for the optimal secreted
polypeptide therapy.
[0717] For parenteral administration, in one embodiment, the
secreted polypeptide is formulated generally by mixing it at the
desired degree of purity, in a unit dosage injectable form
(solution, suspension, or emulsion), with a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, i.e., one that is non-toxic to recipients at
the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with
other ingredients of the formulation. For example, the formulation
preferably does not include oxidizing agents and other compounds
that are known to be deleterious to polypeptides.
[0718] Generally, the formulations are prepared by contacting the
polypeptide uniformly and intimately with liquid carriers or finely
divided solid carriers or both. Then, if necessary, the product is
shaped into the desired formulation. Preferably the carrier is a
parenteral carrier, more preferably a solution that is isotonic
with the blood of the recipient. Examples of such carrier vehicles
include water, saline, Ringer's solution, and dextrose solution.
Non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils and ethyl oleate are also
useful herein, as well as liposomes.
[0719] The carrier suitably contains minor amounts of additives
such as substances that enhance isotonicity and chemical stability.
Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and
concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate,
citrate, succinate, acetic acid, and other organic acids or their
salts; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight
(less than about ten residues) polypeptides, e.g., polyarginine or
tripeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or
immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone;
amino acids, such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or
arginine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates
including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, manose, or
dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as
mannitol or sorbitol; counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic
surfactants such as polysorbates, poloxamers, or PEG.
[0720] The secreted polypeptide is typically formulated in such
vehicles at a concentration of about 0.1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml,
preferably 1-10 mg/ml, at a pH of about 3 to 8. It will be
understood that the use of certain of the foregoing excipients,
carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of
polypeptide salts.
[0721] Any polypeptide to be used for therapeutic administration
can be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration
through sterile filtration membranes (e.g., 0.2 micron membranes).
Therapeutic polypeptide compositions generally are placed into a
container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous
solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic
injection needle.
[0722] Polypeptides ordinarily will be stored in unit or multi-dose
containers, for example, sealed ampoules or vials, as an aqueous
solution or as a lyophilized formulation for reconstitution. As an
example of a lyophilized formulation, 10-ml vials are filled with 5
ml of sterile-filtered 1% (w/v) aqueous polypeptide solution, and
the resulting mixture is lyophilized. The infusion solution is
prepared by reconstituting the lyophilized polypeptide using
bacteriostatic Water-for-Injection.
[0723] The invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit
comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the
ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
Associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form
prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use
or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice
reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for
human administration. In addition, the polypeptides of the present
invention may be employed in conjunction with other therapeutic
compounds.
Example 24
Method of Treating Decreased Levels of the Polypeptide
[0724] It will be appreciated that conditions caused by a decrease
in the standard or normal expression level of a secreted protein in
an individual can be treated by administering the polypeptide of
the present invention, preferably in the secreted form. Thus, the
invention also provides a method of treatment of an individual in
need of an increased level of the polypeptide comprising
administering to such an individual a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an amount of the polypeptide to increase the activity
level of the polypeptide in such an individual.
[0725] For example, a patient with decreased levels of a
polypeptide receives a daily dose 0.1-100 ug/kg of the polypeptide
for six consecutive days. Preferably, the polypeptide is in the
secreted form. The exact details of the dosing scheme, based on
administration and formulation, are provided in Example 23.
Example 25
Method of Treating Increased Levels of the Polypeptide
[0726] Antisense technology is used to inhibit production of a
polypeptide of the present invention. This technology is one
example of a method of decreasing levels of a polypeptide,
preferably a secreted form, due to a variety of etiologies, such as
cancer.
[0727] For example, a patient diagnosed with abnormally increased
levels of a polypeptide is administered intravenously antisense
polynucleotides at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg day for 21
days. This treatment is repeated after a 7-day rest period if the
treatment was well tolerated. The formulation of the antisense
polynucleotide is provided in Example 23.
Example 26
Method of Treatment Using Gene Therapy
[0728] One method of gene therapy transplants fibroblasts, which
are capable of expressing a polypeptide, onto a patient. Generally,
fibroblasts are obtained from a subject by skin biopsy. The
resulting tissue is placed in tissue-culture medium and separated
into small pieces. Small chunks of the tissue are placed on a wet
surface of a tissue culture flask, approximately ten pieces are
placed in each flask. The flask is turned upside down, closed tight
and left at room temperature over night. After 24 hours at room
temperature, the flask is inverted and the chunks of tissue remain
fixed to the bottom of the flask and fresh media (e.g., Ham's F12
media, with 10% FBS, penicillin and streptomycin) is added. The
flasks are then incubated at 37.degree. C. for approximately one
week.
[0729] At this time, fresh media is added and subsequently changed
every several days. After an additional two weeks in culture, a
monolayer of fibroblasts emerge. The monolayer is trypsinized and
scaled into larger flasks.
[0730] pMV-7 (Kirschmeier, P. T. et al., DNA, 7:219-25 (1988)),
flanked by the long terminal repeats of the Moloney murine sarcoma
virus, is digested with EcoRI and HindIII and subsequently treated
with calf intestinal phosphatase. The linear vector is fractionated
on agarose gel and purified, using glass beads.
[0731] The cDNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention can
be amplified using PCR primers which correspond to the 5' and 3'
end sequences respectively as set forth in Example 1. Preferably,
the 5' primer contains an EcoRI site and the 3' primer includes a
HindIII site. Equal quantities of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus
linear backbone and the amplified EcoRI and HindIII fragment are
added together, in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. The resulting
mixture is maintained under conditions appropriate for ligation of
the two fragments. The ligation mixture is then used to transform
bacteria HB101, which are then plated onto agar containing
kanamycin for the purpose of confirming that the vector has the
gene of interest properly inserted.
[0732] The amphotropic pA317 or GP+am12 packaging cells are grown
in tissue culture to confluent density in Dulbecco's Modified
Eagles Medium (DMEM) with 10% calf serum (CS), penicillin and
streptomycin. The MSV vector containing the gene is then added to
the media and the packaging cells transduced with the vector. The
packaging cells now produce infectious viral particles containing
the gene (the packaging cells are now referred to as producer
cells).
[0733] Fresh media is added to the transduced producer cells, and
subsequently, the media is harvested from a 10 cm plate of
confluent producer cells. The spent media, containing the
infectious viral particles, is filtered through a millipore filter
to remove detached producer cells and this media is then used to
infect fibroblast cells. Media is removed from a sub-confluent
plate of fibroblasts and quickly replaced with the media from the
producer cells. This media is removed and replaced with fresh
media. If the titer of virus is high, then virtually all
fibroblasts will be infected and no selection is required. If the
titer is very low, then it is necessary to use a retroviral vector
that has a selectable marker, such as neo or his. Once the
fibroblasts have been efficiently infected, the fibroblasts are
analyzed to determine whether protein is produced.
[0734] The engineered fibroblasts are then transplanted onto the
host, either alone or after having been grown to confluence on
cytodex 3 microcarrier beads.
Example 27
Method of Treatment Using Gene Therapy--In Vivo
[0735] Another aspect of the present invention is using in vivo
gene therapy methods to treat disorders, diseases and conditions.
The gene therapy method relates to the introduction of naked
nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, and antisense DNA or RNA) sequences into an
animal to increase or decrease the expression of the polypeptide.
The polynucleotide of the present invention may be operatively
linked to a promoter or any other genetic elements necessary for
the expression of the polypeptide by the target tissue. Such gene
therapy and delivery techniques and methods are known in the art,
see, for example, WO90/11092, WO98/11779; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5693622,
5705151, 5580859; Tabata H. et al. (1997) Cardiovasc. Res.
35(3):470-479, Chao J et al. (1997) Pharmacol. Res. 35(6):517-522,
Wolff J. A. (1997) Neuromuscul. Disord. 7(5):314-318, Schwartz B.
et al. (1996) Gene Ther. 3(5):405-411, Tsurumi Y. et al. (1996)
Circulation 94(12):3281-3290 (incorporated herein by
reference).
[0736] The polynucleotide constructs may be delivered by any method
that delivers injectable materials to the cells of an animal, such
as, injection into the interstitial space of tissues (heart,
muscle, skin, lung, liver, intestine and the like). The
polynucleotide constructs can be delivered in a pharmaceutically
acceptable liquid or aqueous carrier.
[0737] The term "naked" polynucleotide, DNA or RNA, refers to
sequences that are free from any delivery vehicle that acts to
assist, promote, or facilitate entry into the cell, including viral
sequences, viral particles, liposome formulations, lipofectin or
precipitating agents and the like. However, the polynucleotides of
the present invention may also be delivered in liposome
formulations (such as those taught in Felgner P. L. et al. (1995)
Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 772:126-139 and Abdallah B. et al. (1995) Biol.
Cell 85(1):1-7) which can be prepared by methods well known to
those skilled in the art.
[0738] The polynucleotide vector constructs used in the gene
therapy method are preferably constructs that will not integrate
into the host genome nor will they contain sequences that allow for
replication. Any strong promoter known to those skilled in the art
can be used for driving the expression of DNA. Unlike other gene
therapies techniques, one major advantage of introducing naked
nucleic acid sequences into target cells is the transitory nature
of the polynucleotide synthesis in the cells. Studies have shown
that non-replicating DNA sequences can be introduced into cells to
provide production of the desired polypeptide for periods of up to
six months.
[0739] The polynucleotide construct can be delivered to the
interstitial space of tissues within the an animal, including of
muscle, skin, brain, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, thymus,
heart, lymph, blood, bone, cartilage, pancreas, kidney, gall
bladder, stomach, intestine, testis, ovary, uterus, rectum, nervous
system, eye, gland, and connective tissue. Interstitial space of
the tissues comprises the intercellular fluid, mucopolysaccharide
matrix among the reticular fibers of organ tissues, elastic fibers
in the walls of vessels or chambers, collagen fibers of fibrous
tissues, or that same matrix within connective tissue ensheathing
muscle cells or in the lacunae of bone. It is similarly the space
occupied by the plasma of the circulation and the lymph fluid of
the lymphatic channels. Delivery to the interstitial space of
muscle tissue is preferred for the reasons discussed below. They
may be conveniently delivered by injection into the tissues
comprising these cells. They are preferably delivered to and
expressed in persistent, non-dividing cells which are
differentiated, although delivery and expression may be achieved in
non-differentiated or less completely differentiated cells, such
as, for example, stem cells of blood or skin fibroblasts. In vivo
muscle cells are particularly competent in their ability to take up
and express polynucleotides.
[0740] For the naked polynucleotide injection, an effective dosage
amount of DNA or RNA will be in the range of from about 0.05 g/kg
body weight to about 50 mg/kg body weight. Preferably the dosage
will be from about 0.005 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg and more
preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg. Of course, as
the artisan of ordinary skill will appreciate, this dosage will
vary according to the tissue site of injection. The appropriate and
effective dosage of nucleic acid sequence can readily be determined
by those of ordinary skill in the art and may depend on the
condition being treated and the route of administration. The
preferred route of administration is by the parenteral route of
injection into the interstitial space of tissues. However, other
parenteral routes may also be used, such as, inhalation of an
aerosol formulation particularly for delivery to lungs or bronchial
tissues, throat or mucous membranes of the nose. In addition, naked
polynucleotide constructs can be delivered to arteries during
angioplasty by the catheter used in the procedure.
[0741] The dose response effects of injected polynucleotide in
muscle in vivo is determined as follows. Suitable template DNA for
production of mRNA coding for polypeptide of the present invention
is prepared in accordance with a standard recombinant DNA
methodology. The template DNA, which may be either circular or
linear, is either used as naked DNA or complexed with liposomes.
The quadriceps muscles of mice are then injected with various
amounts of the template DNA.
[0742] Five to six week old female and male Balb/C mice are
anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection with 0.3 ml of 2.5%
Avertin. A 1.5 cm incision is made on the anterior thigh, and the
quadriceps muscle is directly visualized. The template DNA is
injected in 0.1 ml of carrier in a 1 cc syringe through a 27 gauge
needle over one minute, approximately 0.5 cm from the distal
insertion site of the muscle into the knee and about 0.2 cm deep. A
suture is placed over the injection site for future localization,
and the skin is closed with stainless steel clips.
[0743] After an appropriate incubation time (e.g., 7 days) muscle
extracts are prepared by excising the entire quadriceps. Every
fifth 15 um cross-section of the individual quadriceps muscles is
histochemically stained for protein expression. A time course for
protein expression may be done in a similar fashion except that
quadriceps from different mice are harvested at different times.
Persistence of DNA in muscle following injection may be determined
by Southern blot analysis after preparing total cellular DNA and
HIRT supernatants from injected and control mice. The results of
the above experimentation in mice can be use to extrapolate proper
dosages and other treatment parameters in humans and other animals
using naked DNA.
Example 28
Transgenic Animals
[0744] The polypeptides of the invention can also be expressed in
transgenic animals. Animals of any species, including, but not
limited to, mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, pigs,
micro-pigs, goats, sheep, cows and non-human primates, e.g.,
baboons, monkeys, and chimpanzees may be used to generate
transgenic animals. In a specific embodiment, techniques described
herein or otherwise known in the art, are used to express
polypeptides of the invention in humans, as part of a gene therapy
protocol.
[0745] Any technique known in the art may be used to introduce the
transgene (i.e., polynucleotides of the invention) into animals to
produce the founder lines of transgenic animals. Such techniques
include, but are not limited to, pronuclear microinjection
(Paterson et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 40:691-698 (1994);
Carver et al., Biotechnology (NY) 11:1263-1270 (1993); Wright et
al., Biotechnology (NY) 9:830-834 (1991); and Hoppe et al., U.S.
Pat. No. 4,873,191 (1989)); retrovirus mediated gene transfer into
germ lines (Van der Putten et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA
82:6148-6152 (1985)), blastocysts or embryos; gene targeting in
embryonic stem cells (Thompson et al., Cell 56:313-321 (1989));
electroporation of cells or embryos (Lo, 1983, Mol Cell. Biol.
3:1803-1814 (1983)); introduction of the polynucleotides of the
invention using a gene gun (see, e.g., Ulmer et al., Science
259:1745 (1993); introducing nucleic acid constructs into embryonic
pleuripotent stem cells and transferring the stem cells back into
the blastocyst; and sperm-mediated gene transfer (Lavitrano et al.,
Cell 57:717-723 (1989); etc. For a review of such techniques, see
Gordon, "Transgenic Animals," Intl. Rev. Cytol. 115:171-229 (1989),
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0746] Any technique known in the art may be used to produce
transgenic clones containing polynucleotides of the invention, for
example, nuclear transfer into enucleated oocytes of nuclei from
cultured embryonic, fetal, or adult cells induced to quiescence
(Campell et al., Nature 380:64-66 (1996); Wilmut et al., Nature
385:810-813 (1997)).
[0747] The present invention provides for transgenic animals that
carry the transgene in all their cells, as well as animals which
carry the transgene in some, but not all their cells, i.e., mosaic
animals or chimeric. The transgene may be integrated as a single
transgene or as multiple copies such as in concatamers, e.g.,
head-to-head tandems or head-to-tail tandems. The transgene may
also be selectively introduced into and activated in a particular
cell type by following, for example, the teaching of Lasko et al.
(Lasko et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6232-6236 (1992)). The
regulatory sequences required for such a cell-type specific
activation will depend upon the particular cell type of interest,
and will be apparent to those of skill in the art. When it is
desired that the polynucleotide transgene be integrated into the
chromosomal site of the endogenous gene, gene targeting is
preferred. Briefly, when such a technique is to be utilized,
vectors containing some nucleotide sequences homologous to the
endogenous gene are designed for the purpose of integrating, via
homologous recombination with chromosomal sequences, into and
disrupting the function of the nucleotide sequence of the
endogenous gene. The transgene may also be selectively introduced
into a particular cell type, thus inactivating the endogenous gene
in only that cell type, by following, for example, the teaching of
Gu et al. (Gu et al., Science 265:103-106 (1994)). The regulatory
sequences required for such a cell-type specific inactivation will
depend upon the particular cell type of interest, and will be
apparent to those of skill in the art.
[0748] Once transgenic animals have been generated, the expression
of the recombinant gene may be assayed utilizing standard
techniques. Initial screening may be accomplished by Southern blot
analysis or PCR techniques to analyze animal tissues to verify that
integration of the transgene has taken place. The level of mRNA
expression of the transgene in the tissues of the transgenic
animals may also be assessed using techniques which include, but
are not limited to, Northern blot analysis of tissue samples
obtained from the animal, in situ hybridization analysis, and
reverse transcriptase-PCR (rt-PCR). Samples of transgenic
gene-expressing tissue may also be evaluated immunocytochemically
or immunohistochemically using antibodies specific for the
transgene product.
[0749] Once the founder animals are produced, they may be bred,
inbred, outbred, or crossbred to produce colonies of the particular
animal. Examples of such breeding strategies include, but are not
limited to: outbreeding of founder animals with more than one
integration site in order to establish separate lines; inbreeding
of separate lines in order to produce compound transgenics that
express the transgene at higher levels because of the effects of
additive expression of each transgene; crossing of heterozygous
transgenic animals to produce animals homozygous for a given
integration site in order to both augment expression and eliminate
the need for screening of animals by DNA analysis; crossing of
separate homozygous lines to produce compound heterozygous or
homozygous lines; and breeding to place the transgene on a distinct
background that is appropriate for an experimental model of
interest.
[0750] Transgenic animals of the invention have uses which include,
but are not limited to, animal model systems useful in elaborating
the biological function of polypeptides of the present invention,
studying conditions and/or disorders associated with aberrant
expression, and in screening for compounds effective in
ameliorating such conditions and/or disorders.
Example 29
Knock-Out Animals
[0751] Endogenous gene expression can also be reduced by
inactivating or "knocking out" the gene and/or its promoter using
targeted homologous recombination. (E.g., see Smithies et al.,
Nature 317:230-234 (1985); Thomas & Capecchi, Cell 51:503-512
(1987); Thompson et al., Cell 5:313-321 (1989); each of which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). For example, a
mutant, non-functional polynucleotide of the invention (or a
completely unrelated DNA sequence) flanked by DNA homologous to the
endogenous polynucleotide sequence (either the coding regions or
regulatory regions of the gene) can be used, with or without a
selectable marker and/or a negative selectable marker, to transfect
cells that express polypeptides of the invention in vivo. In
another embodiment, techniques known in the art are used to
generate knockouts in cells that contain, but do not express the
gene of interest. Insertion of the DNA construct, via targeted
homologous recombination, results in inactivation of the targeted
gene. Such approaches are particularly suited in research and
agricultural fields where modifications to embryonic stem cells can
be used to generate animal offspring with an inactive targeted gene
(e.g., see Thomas & Capecchi 1987 and Thompson 1989, supra).
However this approach can be routinely adapted for use in humans
provided the recombinant DNA constructs are directly administered
or targeted to the required site in vivo using appropriate viral
vectors that will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
[0752] In further embodiments of the invention, cells that are
genetically engineered to express the polypeptides of the
invention, or alternatively, that are genetically engineered not to
express the polypeptides of the invention (e.g., knockouts) are
administered to a patient in vivo. Such cells may be obtained from
the patient (i.e., animal, including human) or an MHC compatible
donor and can include, but are not limited to fibroblasts, bone
marrow cells, blood cells (e.g., lymphocytes), adipocytes, muscle
cells, endothelial cells etc. The cells are genetically engineered
in vitro using recombinant DNA techniques to introduce the coding
sequence of polypeptides of the invention into the cells, or
alternatively, to disrupt the coding sequence and/or endogenous
regulatory sequence associated with the polypeptides of the
invention, eg., by transduction (using viral vectors, and
preferably vectors that integrate the transgene into the cell
genome) or transfection procedures, including, but not limited to,
the use of plasmids, cosmids, YACs, naked DNA, electroporation,
liposomes, etc. The coding sequence of the polypeptides of the
invention can be placed under the control of a strong constitutive
or inducible promoter or promoter/enhancer to achieve expression,
and preferably secretion, of the polypeptides of the invention. The
engineered cells which express and preferably secrete the
polypeptides of the invention can be introduced into the patient
systemically, e.g., in the circulation, or intraperitoneally.
[0753] Alternatively, the cells can be incorporated into a matrix
and implanted in the body, e.g., genetically engineered fibroblasts
can be implanted as part of a skin graft; genetically engineered
endothelial cells can be implanted as part of a lymphatic or
vascular graft. (See, for example, Anderson et al. U.S. Pat. No.
5,399,349; and Mulligan & Wilson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,959 each
of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
[0754] When the cells to be administered are non-autologous or
non-MHC compatible cells, they can be administered using well known
techniques which prevent the development of a host immune response
against the introduced cells. For example, the cells may be
introduced in an encapsulated form which, while allowing for an
exchange of components with the immediate extracellular
environment, does not allow the introduced cells to be recognized
by the host immune system.
[0755] Transgenic and "knock-out" animals of the invention have
uses which include, but are not limited to, animal model systems
useful in elaborating the biological function of polypeptides of
the present invention, studying conditions and/or disorders
associated with aberrant expression, and in screening for compounds
effective in ameliorating such conditions and/or disorders.
[0756] It will be clear that the invention may be practiced
otherwise than as particularly described in the foregoing
description and examples. Numerous modifications and variations of
the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings
and, therefore, are within the scope of the appended claims.
[0757] The entire disclosure of each document cited (including
patents, patent applications, journal articles, abstracts,
laboratory manuals, books, or other disclosures) in the Background
of the Invention, Detailed Description, and Examples is hereby
incorporated herein by reference. Further, the hard copy of the
sequence listing submitted herewith and the corresponding computer
readable form are both incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
Sequence CWU 1
1
172 1 733 DNA Homo sapiens 1 gggatccgga gcccaaatct tctgacaaaa
ctcacacatg cccaccgtgc ccagcacctg 60 aattcgaggg tgcaccgtca
gtcttcctct tccccccaaa acccaaggac accctcatga 120 tctcccggac
tcctgaggtc acatgcgtgg tggtggacgt aagccacgaa gaccctgagg 180
tcaagttcaa ctggtacgtg gacggcgtgg aggtgcataa tgccaagaca aagccgcggg
240 aggagcagta caacagcacg taccgtgtgg tcagcgtcct caccgtcctg
caccaggact 300 ggctgaatgg caaggagtac aagtgcaagg tctccaacaa
agccctccca acccccatcg 360 agaaaaccat ctccaaagcc aaagggcagc
cccgagaacc acaggtgtac accctgcccc 420 catcccggga tgagctgacc
aagaaccagg tcagcctgac ctgcctggtc aaaggcttct 480 atccaagcga
catcgccgtg gagtgggaga gcaatgggca gccggagaac aactacaaga 540
ccacgcctcc cgtgctggac tccgacggct ccttcttcct ctacagcaag ctcaccgtgg
600 acaagagcag gtggcagcag gggaacgtct tctcatgctc cgtgatgcat
gaggctctgc 660 acaaccacta cacgcagaag agcctctccc tgtctccggg
taaatgagtg cgacggccgc 720 gactctagag gat 733 2 5 PRT Homo sapiens
Site (3) Xaa equals any of the twenty naturally ocurring L-amino
acids 2 Trp Ser Xaa Trp Ser 1 5 3 86 DNA Homo sapiens 3 gcgcctcgag
atttccccga aatctagatt tccccgaaat gatttccccg aaatgatttc 60
cccgaaatat ctgccatctc aattag 86 4 27 DNA Homo sapiens 4 gcggcaagct
ttttgcaaag cctaggc 27 5 271 DNA Homo sapiens 5 ctcgagattt
ccccgaaatc tagatttccc cgaaatgatt tccccgaaat gatttccccg 60
aaatatctgc catctcaatt agtcagcaac catagtcccg cccctaactc cgcccatccc
120 gcccctaact ccgcccagtt ccgcccattc tccgccccat ggctgactaa
ttttttttat 180 ttatgcagag gccgaggccg cctcggcctc tgagctattc
cagaagtagt gaggaggctt 240 ttttggaggc ctaggctttt gcaaaaagct t 271 6
32 DNA Homo sapiens 6 gcgctcgagg gatgacagcg atagaacccc gg 32 7 31
DNA Homo sapiens 7 gcgaagcttc gcgactcccc ggatccgcct c 31 8 12 DNA
Homo sapiens 8 ggggactttc cc 12 9 73 DNA Homo sapiens 9 gcggcctcga
ggggactttc ccggggactt tccggggact ttccgggact ttccatcctg 60
ccatctcaat tag 73 10 256 DNA Homo sapiens 10 ctcgagggga ctttcccggg
gactttccgg ggactttccg ggactttcca tctgccatct 60 caattagtca
gcaaccatag tcccgcccct aactccgccc atcccgcccc taactccgcc 120
cagttccgcc cattctccgc cccatggctg actaattttt tttatttatg cagaggccga
180 ggccgcctcg gcctctgagc tattccagaa gtagtgagga ggcttttttg
gaggcctagg 240 cttttgcaaa aagctt 256 11 1810 DNA Homo sapiens 11
aattcggcag agccatcttg ctctaagtga aagtgaaaga aaagtcggca gcagagggaa
60 cagggaagaa acctaaaggc tgcaggctgc caggtgtgct tggagagccc
ccttcttccg 120 ccgggcctcg caagcagcgt aggactgtgg agaagggcgg
tgggcaagga gggaactcga 180 gagcagcctc catgggcaca caggagggct
ggtgcctgct gctctgcctg gctctatctg 240 gagcagcaga aaccaagccc
cacccagcag aggggcagtg gcgggcagtg gacgtggtcc 300 tagactgctt
cctggcgaag gacggtgcgc accgtggagc tctcgccagc agtgaggaca 360
gggcaagggc ctcccttgtg ctgaagcagg tgccagtgct ggacgatggc tccctggagg
420 acttcaccga tttccaaggg ggcacactgg cccaagatga cccacctatt
atctttgagg 480 cctcagtgga cctggtccag attccccagg ccgaggcctt
gctccatgct gactgcagtg 540 ggaaggaggt gacctgtgag atctcccgct
actttctcca gatgacagag accactgtta 600 agacagcagc ttggttcatg
gccaacatgc aggtctctgg agggggacct agcatctcct 660 tggtgatgaa
gactcccagg gtcrccaaga atgaggcgct ctggcacccg acgctgaact 720
tgccactgag cccccagggg actgtgcgaa ctgcagtgga gttccaggtg atgacacaga
780 cccaatccct gagcttcctg ctggggtcct cagcctcctt ggactgtggc
ttctccatgg 840 caccgggctt ggacctcatc agtgtggagt ggcgactgca
gcacaagggc aggggtcagt 900 tggtgtacag ctggaccgca ggcaggggca
rgctgtgcgg aagggcgcta ccctggagcc 960 tgcacaactg ggcatggcca
gggatgcctc cctcaccctg cccggcctca ctatacagga 1020 cgaggggacc
tacatttgcc agatcaccac ctctctgtac cgagctcagc agatcatcca 1080
gctcaacatc caagcttccc ctaaagtacg actgagcttg gcaaacgaag ctctgctgcc
1140 caccctcatc tgcgacattg ctggctatta ccctctggat gtggtggtga
cgtggacccg 1200 agaggagctg ggtggatccc cagcccaagt ctctggtgcc
tccttctcca gcctcaggca 1260 aagcgtggca ggcacctaca gcatctcctc
ctctctcacc gcagaacctg gctctgcagg 1320 tgccacttac acctgccagg
tcacacacat ctctctggag gagccccttg gggccagcac 1380 ccaggttgtc
ccaccagagc ggagaacagc cttgggagtc atctttgcca gcagtctctt 1440
ccttcttgca ctgatgttcc tggggcttca gagacggcaa gcacctacag gacttgggct
1500 gcttcaggct gaacgctggg agaccacttc ctgtgctgac acacagagct
cccatctcca 1560 tgaagaccgc acagcgcgtg taagccagcc cagctgacct
aaagcgacat gagactacta 1620 gaaagaaacg acacccttcc ccaagccccc
acagctactc caacccaaac aacaaccaag 1680 ccagtttaat ggtaggaatt
tgtatttttt gcctttgttc agaatacatg acattggtaa 1740 atatgccaca
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1800
gggcggccgc 1810 12 2353 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (229) n equals a,t,g,
or c 12 gagctccggg ggccgctgca gccgcccaag cgcccgccat gcgcgctgcc
cgcgccgcgc 60 cgctgctcca gctgctgctc ctgctggggc cgtggctgga
ggctgcgggc gttgcggagt 120 cgccgctgcc cgccgtggtc cttgccatcc
tggcccgcaa tgccgaacac tcgctgcccc 180 actacctggg cgctctggag
cggctggact acccccgggc caggatggnc ctctggtgtg 240 ccacggacca
caatgtggac aacaccacag agatgctgca ggagtggctg gcggctgtgg 300
gcgatgacta tgctgctgtg gtctggaggc ctgagggcga gcccaggttc tacccagatg
360 aagagggtcc caagcactgg accaaagaaa ggcaccagtt tctgatggag
ctgaagcagg 420 aagccctcac ctttgccagg aactgggggg ccgactatat
cctgtttgca gacacagaca 480 acattctgac caacaatcag actctgcggc
ttctcatggg gcaggggctt ccagtggtgg 540 ccccaatgct ggactcccag
acctactact ccaacttctg gtgtgggatc accccccagg 600 gctactaccg
ccgcacagcc gagtacttcc ccaccaagaa ccgccagcgc cggggctgct 660
tccgtgtccc catggtccac tccaccttcc ttgcatccct gcgggctgaa ggggcagacc
720 agcttgcttt ctacccgcca catcccaact acacttggcc tttcgacgac
atcatcgtct 780 tcgcctatgc ctgccaggct gctggggtct ccgtccacgt
gtgcaatgag caccgttatg 840 ggtacatgaa tgtgccggtg aaatcccacc
aggggctgga agacgagagg gtcaacttca 900 tccacctgat cttagaagca
ctagtggacg gcccccgcat gcaggcctca gctcatgtga 960 ctcggccctc
taagaggccc agcaagatag ggtttgacga ggtctttgtc atcagcctgg 1020
ctcgcaggcc tgaccgtcgg gaacgcatgc tcgcctcgct ctgggagatg gagatctctg
1080 ggagggtggt ggacgctgtg gatggctgga tgctcaacag cagtgccatc
aggaacctcg 1140 gcgtagacct gctcccgggc taccaggacc cttactcggg
ccgcactctg accaagggcg 1200 aggtgggctg cttcctcagc cattactcca
tctgggaaga ggtggttgcc aggggcctgg 1260 cccgggtcct ggtgtttgag
gatgacgtgc gctttgagag caacttcagg gggcggctgg 1320 agcggctgat
ggaggatgtg gaggcagaga aactgtcttg ggacctgatc tacctcggac 1380
ggaarcaggt gaaccctgag aaggagacgg ccgtggaggg gctgccgggc ctggtggtgg
1440 ctgggtactc ctactggacg ctggcctatg ccctgcgtct ggcgggtgcc
cgcaagctgc 1500 tggcctcaca gcctctgcgc cgcatgctgc ccgtggacga
gttcctgccc atcatgttcg 1560 accagcaccc caacgagcag tacaaggcac
acttctggcc acgggacctg gtggccttct 1620 ccgcccagcc cctgctcgct
gcccctaccc actatgccgg ggacgccgag tggctcagtg 1680 acacggagac
atcctctcca tgggatgatg acagcggccg cctcatcagc tggagcggct 1740
cccaaaagac cctgcgcanc cccgcctgga cctgactggc agcagcgggc acagctccaa
1800 ccccagcccc gagatgagct ctaggtccag gtgatgactg caaagcakkg
tccaggagca 1860 ggccactact gcccagagag cagaggagga ggttgttggc
agggactnca gatcctgtca 1920 gacctggcca ccaccttggg catggccact
ctgccctctg gacctgtctt tcatcgggag 1980 aaaccactca gagatggatc
ccattcccta aaggtctcac agcaaaggag caggactccc 2040 aggcccctgt
accctgcctg gcctgattca gggccttgtg gcccccagct tctgtttcaa 2100
gctgggcaga ccccaggatc ccttccctcc ctaaggactc agctgagggg cccctctgcc
2160 cccttctacc tccacctcag caccctcccc cagcttgatg tttgggtctc
cccagcaccc 2220 tcctccctgg ccggtgcaaa gtacagggag gtaaagcagg
acccttgcag acmtgttgcc 2280 cagcacacag taggccctca ataaaagcca
tttgcacttt aaatataaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2340 aaaaaaaaaa ata 2353 13 928
DNA Homo sapiens 13 gaggagcatc gctacttcaa ggccaatgac acgctgggct
tcatgcttat gttggctgtg 60 ctcatggcag ctacccatgc tgtctacggc
aagctgctcc tcttcgagta tcgtcaccgc 120 aagatgaagc cagtgcagat
ggtgccagcc atcagccaga actggacatt ccatggtccc 180 ggggccaccg
gccaggctgc tgccaactgg atcgccggct ttggccgtgg gcccatgcca 240
ccaaccctgc tgggtatccg gcagaatggg catgcagcca gccggcggct actgggcatg
300 gacgaggtca agggtgaaaa gcagctgggc cgcatgttct acgcgatcac
actgctcttt 360 ctgctcctct ggtcacccta catcgtggcc tgctactggc
gagtgtttgt gaaagcctgt 420 gctgtgcccc accgctacct ggccactgct
gtttggatga gcttcgccca ggctgccgtc 480 aacccaattg tctgcttcct
gctcaacaag gacctcaaga agtgcctgag gactcatgcc 540 ccctgctggg
gcacaggagg tgccccggct cccagagaac cctactgtgt catgtgaagc 600
aggctggtag gcagacaggc agagagaagg tcatggccac cgtgatgggg ccaacagcaa
660 gggaggggta ggggcccata caggagtcct cctttctgag ctccagcccc
agcccctcga 720 accacctgta atctaggcac ctttgccaac acctcccaag
gatggaggac tgggcgaggg 780 actgggaaag aggcatattt agttttgtgg
ggcctgtctc cgctgcctcc ttctccactt 840 ctacaatctc attctctctc
tctctctctc tgtctctctc tctctctctc tctctcagaa 900 gtgacaattc
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 928 14 1590 DNA Homo sapiens 14 tttttttttt
tttgtttaaa tgatacaact taattttatt aggacagacg ctggcggcca 60
ccagaagttt gagcctcttt ggtagcagga ggctggaaga aaggacagaa gtagctctgg
120 ctgtgatggg gatcttactg ggcctgctac tcctggggca cctaacagtg
gacacttatg 180 gccgtcccat cctggaagtg ccagagagtg taacaggacc
ttggaaaggg gatgtgaatc 240 ttccctgcac ctatgacccc ctgcaaggct
acacccaagt cttggtgaag tggctggtac 300 aacgtggctc agaccctgtc
accatctttc tacgtgactc ttctggagac catatccagc 360 aggcaaagta
ccagggccgc ctgcatgtga gccacaaggt tccaggagat gtatccctcc 420
aattgagcac cctggagatg gatgaccgga gccactacac gtgtgaagtc acctggcaga
480 ctcctgatgg caaccaagtc gtgagagata agattactga gctccgtgtc
cagaaacact 540 cctcaaagct actcaagacc aagactgagg cacctacaac
catgacatac cccttgaaag 600 caacatctac agtgaagcag tcctgggact
ggaccactga catggatggc taccttggag 660 agaccagtgc tgggccagga
aagagcctgc ctgtctttgc catcatcctc atcatctcct 720 tgtgctgtat
ggtggttttt accatggcct atatcatgct ctgtcggaag acatcccaac 780
aagagcatgt ctacgaagca gccagggcac atgccagaga ggccaacgac tctggagaaa
840 ccatgagggt ggccatcttc gcaagtggct gctccagtga tgagccaact
tcccagaatc 900 tgggcaacaa ctactctgat gagccctgca taggacagga
gtaccagatc atcgcccaga 960 tcaatggcaa ctacgcccgc ctgctggaca
cagttcctct ggattatgag tttctggcca 1020 ctgagggcaa aagtgtctgt
taaaaatgcc ccattaggcc aggatctgct gacataattg 1080 cctagtcagt
ccttgccttc tgcatggcct tcttccctgc tacctctctt cctggatagc 1140
ccaaagtgtc cgcctaccaa cactggagcc gctgggagtc actggctttg ccctggaatt
1200 tgccagatgc atctcaagta agccagctgc tggatttggc tctgggccct
tctagtatct 1260 ctgccggggg cttctggtac tcctctctaa ataccagagg
gaagatgccc atagcactag 1320 gacttggtca tcatgcctac agacactatt
caactttggc atcttgccac cagaagaccc 1380 gagggaggct cagctctgcc
agctcagagg accagctata tccaggatca tttctctttc 1440 ttcagggcca
gacagctttt aattgaaatt gttatttcac aggccagggt tcagttctgc 1500
tcctccacta taagtctaat gttctgactc tctcctggtg ctcaataaat atctaatcat
1560 aacagcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaactcgag 1590 15 815 DNA Homo sapiens
SITE (406) n equals a,t,g, or c 15 ggcacgagcg gcacgagcgg cacgagatgg
aatgttcatt ttatggcagt tgttttaagt 60 tktaaawtac acagaggaaa
mtattgtgga aggacctctt tgttgctttc ccttctaagt 120 tgtcttcttc
ttcttcttct tcttcttctt cttcttcttt ggtccttaag tgaaataaag 180
actctaaaac taatttgtat attatcagcc agagatgcgg atggcagtcg agccaaatcg
240 catggctttc agatcaggta ttctgcacat tcattccaag gtcatagatt
tttaaaagga 300 cctggatttg aagagatggc aaatgrtgag ccatcagaaa
acttaatttg gaaaacatgt 360 atgtagccag tgtggatatt gtggcctctc
tcaagacaca ttgacnactg tagacytcat 420 tcagtccagt gtgagtattt
tggagtaggt tggatgtaga ttttgttttt atcgttgatt 480 tgtaccgaca
gaaatagaca tttcatcatg taaaattcct gttattctgg aaaaacctat 540
tgttttgatc cttcttgttt tcctgacttg gaagtatcct ttcaaaaaaa ctcttaagat
600 atctaggtct aaaaagcact tcatgagatg ctaaagctga cccactggtt
gaaaatgttg 660 accctatcct gttatttaaa tgtgaacatt tattgtacat
tcagtgagtt atagtgttaa 720 tagtcttgtg ctatgcagca ggtgtaaaaa
ttaataaata tattttttaa taaaaaaaaa 780 aaaaaaaaaa attnctgcgg
tccgcaaggg aattc 815 16 990 DNA Homo sapiens 16 gcatgccagt
gcctactctg tgcctgctgt gggccctggc aatggtgacc cggcctgcct 60
cagcggcccc catggscggc ccagaactgg cacagcatga ggagctgacc ctgctcttcc
120 acgggaccct gcagctgggc caggccctca acggtgtgta caggaccacg
gagggacggc 180 tgacaaaggc caggaacagc ctgggtctct atggccgcac
aatagaactc ctggggcagg 240 aggtcagccg gggccgggat gcagcccagg
aacttcgggc aagcctgttg gagactcaga 300 tggaggagga tattctgcag
ctgcaggcag aggccacagc tgaggtgctg ggggaggtgg 360 cccaggcaca
gaaggtgcta cgggacagcg tkcagcggct agaagtccag ytragragcg 420
cctggctggg ccctgcctac cgagaatttg aggtcttaaa ggctcacgct gacaagcaag
480 agcccacatc ctatggccct cacaggccac gtcagcggca gaggcgggag
atggtggcac 540 agcagcatcg gctgcgacag atccaggaga ggtgagcctg
gcaggggttt ggcaggcagg 600 gcagttggat ggggggcgca cagggcagct
ggaaaggggc cccctcacct gggctgagcc 660 acatctccct ccccagactc
cacacagcgg cgctcccagc ctgaatctgc ctggatggaa 720 ctgaggacca
atcatgctgc aaggaacact tccacgcccc gtgaggcccc tgtgcaggga 780
ggagctgcst gttcactggg aymagccagg gcgccgggcc ccacttctga gcacagagca
840 gagacagacg caggcgggga caaaggcaga ggatgtagtc cccattgggg
aggggtggag 900 gaaggacatg taccctttca tgcctacaca cccctcatta
aagcagagtc gtggcatctc 960 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaactcgta 990 17
1188 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (892) n equals a,t,g, or c 17 gacggagcgg
gcgccttccg agcgccgatc agggagcccg gagtccccgc gtccccgcag 60
cccccagaac ccggacaact gttgcggcgg cggcaggggc atcgcggggg cgtgggcagc
120 ccccgcaccc cagcaggcgg ctcccgcggg cgccggctcc cggctacgaa
gcgaggaacg 180 agcgggcggc gggcacgagg cagctctgga cggatcaatg
caagccagac gatgaccagt 240 tgtggccagc agtccttgaa cgtgctcgcc
gtcctcttct cattgctgtt ttctgcagtc 300 ttgtctgcac atttccgggt
ctgtgaacca tacacagacc acaaaggccg ctaccacttt 360 ggcttccact
gcccccggct ctcggacaac aagaccttca tcctctgttg tcaccataac 420
aacacggtct tcaaatactg ctgcaacgag acggagttcc aggcggtgat gcaggcgaac
480 ctcacggcca gytccgaggg ttacatgcac aacaattaca ccgccctgtt
gggagtgtgg 540 atctatggat ttttcgtgtt gatgctgctg gttctggacc
twwwgtatwa mtcggcaatg 600 aactacgaca tctgcaaggt ctacctggca
cggtggggca tccaaggacg atggatgaaa 660 caggaccccc ggcggtgggg
gaaccccgct cgggcccctc ggccgggtca gcgggcccca 720 cagccgcagc
ctcccccagg cccgctgcca caagccccac aggccgtgca cacattgcgg 780
ggagatgctc acagcccacc gctgatgacy ttccagagtt cgtctgcctg aaaacgcttt
840 tgctgtgcct caggatgggg gagatgagat ctgaagcacc cggtgcagcc
tncgagaaga 900 acaacttcta cagagatgcc agggacagcc gaggtagcgg
cgrtggcaca ggaggaaatg 960 ctgcctgtgc ccaaagcccc cttccacgga
cttctaagat taggagcaaa ctcaggggta 1020 ggggctgggg gtgcagggga
ggggattctg agccacctgt ccgcaagcaa tagtcctatt 1080 ttgggctggt
ggcttctgag aggtgactca ttgtggactc aggatgacca agacaaaggt 1140
cgacgcggcc gcgaattccc gggtcgacga gctcactagt cggcggcc 1188 18 1605
DNA Homo sapiens 18 gcgtccatgt actagtataa cagcttgggt ttgttagaat
ttgggcaaca ttttgattat 60 aatgacaact tcattttcac atgttactca
gttccctaat aggatggtgc tcttttgttg 120 aacctgtatt gatttttttt
tttttaacta tattgattcg tttactagaa cagtctaatt 180 ggggcattga
ggaaatgaag actggatact tctgtatctg tgaagttggc acaggtaaca 240
tttggacatg ttcatcttat tcttaggaag gaaaaaatca cttgccaaaa taatacatac
300 ttcatagacc actgagttct agtttttatt cacactacaa cattctcttt
aacgatgttg 360 caggtattct caatttcctt ttaagaaaaa tgaaatgtga
ggagaattct ggttgtaata 420 gatgacagta catatgatct gcaggtttgg
gcatatgctt tcatcattaa attatctgat 480 aaagttacaa gtcacaaagg
agaatgagaa cttaatgatt ctattggatt taatatatta 540 gcaagaaaac
atactattta catatgtgta gcttagtaag gcattaacat aagtacaaaa 600
actatgaaac agatgcatat ttcctcaaca tactgtgtca ggtatactgt tttataattt
660 ggttgtttta gccttattgc acaccaactc ccaaaatata ggttactctt
gttcaaaagg 720 aaaaaaaaaa ttgtgatttt ctttgagtgg tatatgttat
taattaccat tagcatttgc 780 tcttataaag ggcaatgatt atagtagaca
atattgtaac tcagtagact tgttgaatat 840 gcaaacttac tgtcaagtga
cctcaaaaaa aaaatgaaaa gatagaatac actagtagtt 900 cttatcctct
tttgtaggaa accaataata gccattgtgg caataattca tcagttgatt 960
ttaaagcttc atgttatgca aaaaagaatc ctgctgttat acatgtgaca gtgactttgt
1020 gctgaaattt cagctattcc agataaacat tgtatatctt gtaaattaat
gtttaaaggt 1080 agttttgttc ttacagaaag tgttgattgc caggttgctt
atagcacttt aagttattct 1140 aaaaatgaaa ttataagcca aatatttggc
ttaagtagat ttagttgtat agcacttaca 1200 tatttagttc ttttgaaagt
ttagataatt atttaaagaa agcataatgc taatggaaaa 1260 gaaaatctga
tgttctatta taatatgcta ttgctgaata tgaatagaaa tacagggcat 1320
catttccttg tctcattata agttagtaac aatatataga ttaaatgttt acaatatagg
1380 gaattgtaaa taaatatatc agttttttty cccttcggtc ttccacagca
gtattattgt 1440 ctttgtggag ttgactaatg ataatttaaa aatcctgtaa
tggatttcta ctaaaataag 1500 gtcatagtgg catataccaa ataaaatcaa
atacagaaat acaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1560 aactcgaggg ggggcccgta
cccaatcgcc ctaatgatga atcgt 1605 19 2089 DNA Homo sapiens SITE
(774) n equals a,t,g, or c 19 ggcacgagcc cggaggccta cgtcggaccc
ggaggccctg aatgccccat gcgcacccca 60 cagctcgcgc tcctgcaagt
gttctttctg gtgttccccg atggcgtccg gcctcagccc 120 tcttcctccc
catcaggggc agtgcccacg tctttggagc tgcagcgagg gacggatggc 180
ggaaccctcc agtccccttc agaggcgact gcaactcgcc cggccgtgcc tggactccct
240 acagtggtcc ctactctcgt gactccctcg gcccctggga ataggactgt
ggacctcttc 300 ccagtcttac cgatctgtgt ctgtgacttg actcctggag
cctgcgatat aaattgctgc 360 tgcgacaggg actgctatct tctccatccg
aggacagttt tctccttctg ccttccaggc 420 agcgtaaggt cttcaagctg
ggtttgtgta gacaactctg ttatcttcag gagtaattcc 480 ccgtttcctt
caagagtttt catggattct aatggaatca ggcagttttg tgtccatgtg 540
aacaactcaa acttaaacta tttccagaag cttcaaaagg tcaatgcaac caacttccag
600 gccctggctg cagagtttgg aggcgaatca ttcacttcaa cattccaaac
wcaatcacca 660 ccatcttttt acagggctgg ggaccccatt cttacttact
tccccaagtg gtctgtaata 720 agcttgctga gacaacctgc aggagttgga
gctgggggac tctgtgctga aagnaatcct 780 gcaggtttcc tagagagtaa
aagtacaact tgcactcgtt ttttcaagaa cctggctagt 840 agctgtacct
tggattcagc cctcaatgct gcctcttact ataacttcac agtcttaaag 900
gttccaagaa gcatgactga tccacagaat atggagttcc aggttcctgt aatacttacc
960 tcacaggcta atgctcctct gttggctgga aacacttgtc agaatgtagt
ttctcaggtc
1020 acctatgaga tagagaccaa tgggactttt ggaatccaga aagtttctgt
cagtttggga 1080 caaaccaacc tgactgttga gccaggcgct tccttacagc
aacacttcat ccttcgcttc 1140 agggcttttc aacagagcac agctgcttct
ctcaccagtc ctagaagtgg gaatcctggc 1200 tatatagttg ggaagccact
cttggctctg actgatgata taagttactc aatgaccctc 1260 ttacagagcc
agggtaatgg aagttgctct gttaaaagac atgaagtgca gtttggagtg 1320
aatgcaatat ctggatgcaa gctcaggttg aagaaggcag actgcagcca cttgcagcag
1380 gagatttatc agactcttca tggaaggccc agaccagagt atgttgccat
ctttggtaat 1440 gctgacccag cccagaaagg agggtggacc aggatcctca
acaggcactg cagcatttca 1500 gctataaact gtacttcctg ctgtctcata
ccagtttccc tggagatcca ggtattgtgg 1560 gcatatgtag gtctcctgtc
caacccgcaa gctcatgtat caggagttcg attcctatac 1620 cagtgccagt
ctatacagga ttctcagcaa gttacagaag tatctttgac aactcttgtg 1680
aactttgtgg acattaccca gaagccacag cctccaaggg gccaacccaa aatggactgg
1740 aaatggccat tcgacttctt tcccttcaaa gtggcattca gcagaggagt
attctctcaa 1800 aaatgctcag tctctcccat ccttatcctg tgcctcttac
tacttggagt tctcaaccta 1860 gagactatgt gaagaaaaga aaataatcag
atttcagttt tccctatgag aaactctgag 1920 gcagccactt atcttggcta
aatagaacct cacctgctca tgaccagaga gcatttagga 1980 taatagagga
cctaactgaa ggaatccttg tatatgaaag gagttatttt agaaaagcaa 2040
taaaaatatt ttattcatma aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 2089 20 1281
DNA Homo sapiens 20 agcgtcactg accagaagga cctgtggcag attccagaaa
aggtctccct ataagaagct 60 gctgtcctcc ctataactta tggcactgcg
atttttgctc ttgagcattg ggcccgtacc 120 cagcctgggt aatatagctg
ctgctggaag tgacgagaag tgcaagctgg cgatgcagag 180 gggtgcgcag
tccagcgtga actacagtca gggcagcctg aaggatgcag catcagcatc 240
aacgagaaca gcaagtgggt gggtgaaaag gaatagaagc agagaaaatc aggaaatgct
300 tatatatagc aaaaacaaaa tacccatctg gaaaatatcc aaaaaatgac
tgcagactct 360 cttagttggc aatgccaaat gctttagaaa ttattcatgt
gttaaattca gttatgccag 420 ttctcactaa ctactttata tccatgtctg
tggggaattc ttgcagaggg cattgttcag 480 ctattagaat tactggggtg
gcagttcccc ttttcccagt tcattgtgga ccaaactaca 540 ggctcttctg
atcttactgc tttctgaagc agccagcagc gtagataatt ccttgacttg 600
ttttatttaa aaaatatcac tggagattta gtaggagtgt tgtatcacac caattctcat
660 tctgttttca accaaggatt ctggagtact ctgatagcat tggtttcatt
tctcatgtcg 720 tcctggcaag cataattttg tagtttatct cagtttcagg
tagaagctgc agaagcagag 780 agcagcctac ccacaaaagg ggtccagttg
gttctctagc ccctgagctg agtggcaggc 840 agtctatatg tttgctcatc
tctgcactgt gcctggtgct gtgcttagag gagaagcaaa 900 ggaaggagcg
tgtagtccaa gtggaaagcc aggatagaca gctggtaaaa ctcgcccatc 960
tcttgccttc cttcttgcct tctggataat tgtgtttttg caatagcttc tcatttccct
1020 tctaaagaag aaaagcaaaa agcaaaagcc aaacaaatat acacatattt
tatatcaaag 1080 atgtttgcaa aagttgtttc tgtaactcat tgcttagcaa
tggtaccgta ggggaatttt 1140 catactgggc tacagaatac ttatgcattt
ttgtagttta tttaaaattc tctaaagagg 1200 caatgtgtta aaggaatcct
aaagtaagtc tttgtataaa gcaaatggtc cttccctcaa 1260 aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaactcga g 1281 21 1761 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (1207) n equals
a,t,g, or c 21 gctcgtgcat tcatacagga gatgttatga ttttscctgt
actttcttgc ttcacaagat 60 ttatggctgg tttgatcttt gtactccaca
gttgttttag attcatcact tttgtttgtc 120 ccacatcctc tgatcccctg
aggacctgcg cagtcctgct atgtgttggt tatcaggacc 180 ttccaaatcc
agttttccga tatttgcaga gtgtgaatga attgttgagc actttgctca 240
actctgactc accccagcag gttttacagt ttgtgccaat ggaggtactc cttaaggggg
300 ccctgcttga ttttttgtgg gatttgaatg ctgccattgc taaaaggcat
ttgcatttca 360 ttattcaaag agagagagaa gaaattatca acagccttca
gttacaaaac tgaacatatg 420 ctttctgaga ttcaacttta tgatttctta
taatttgccc agtatttgca tcctgttgct 480 ctattaattt aaaaaccttt
tattttgggg aaaggccaac atttgcatca ttcaaagtct 540 cattaattct
ggaaaaccat ccattctgat ctctagggta tatacaccca caggcataga 600
gctcttccac gtggtggaat ctatgcaatg atagatattc acactctaaa tatgaggtgt
660 gtgtatgtgt atgggtggcc acagccatgc ttacctatgc catttagttg
gtcttactta 720 atctgcttaa gatttgcatc tgtgtacctt tgttcagatt
agtttttttt ttccagccga 780 tttcctctta gtggctaatg ctgttagtga
attttccaac taatttcctc tcattggtta 840 atgttgttaa tgaattgaga
gaggtaattg aggaaaggaa atgagtaaat cactgttcag 900 caacactgat
ttccgttaac acatcagtta tgaatttcag ggaattcatc tcgccagatt 960
cttgataaca tgccattcat tgcccttagg tgattgaccc tattttctta catggctcaa
1020 ataaaactag tatgctgttg tatgaatctt ttactgacca caccatccaa
ctataaaaat 1080 ataacgggac agctttaaac caaagatcat gcttagaaca
atgaaaaatt atttgttgta 1140 tctaatacac gcctgtattg tgaaaagctt
catttagcaa tgatgtaata atttttaact 1200 tccaggnaaa taatctgtga
atggaaagat tttttaagat tttgagatag tgtttagtct 1260 catgttggga
acacatgaat gtgatgaaca tagtgaatac taaagaaaac gcttcagact 1320
ttcagatgat ggttcagaat ttaaaatttt taatcttttc taatttcttt ttttcagtgt
1380 gaaaatagca ctttaccaaa agattagcca tgaaatggtt attttgccag
ttacatttga 1440 tttcttttgt atctgcaatg taatgagtta ttttatttct
tctgtatttg cagtgtaatg 1500 agtttttgtg gcaaagtgta ttaagcaatt
tttcattatc ttgaagttcc acaaagtgga 1560 gaatatttat attctcacat
gcattttagg cacttttgat atgtgaaaat agatgtattt 1620 tctgatgcat
ttggttaata aatattaatc tgaacatttt catgttcttt gctattttga 1680
attccattat agattcatga ataaagtcat tactagagaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa
1740 aaaaaaaaaa aaaactcgta g 1761 22 1189 DNA Homo sapiens 22
ggtagacatc tggtagcctc tcagaagcgt gtccttagag acagacgtgt ccagacaggc
60 atatggagtg accaattgta ttctcagcgg ccttgggctc cagtgacttg
gcctgatcac 120 tggggggtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtatgtatgt atgtgtgtgt
ggggtgtgtg tgtgtgtgtg 180 gtggccaggg tgtgtgtgtg gctggggcta
gcagagctat ttcggggaag ggttagggac 240 tgtggaaaaa taactcattt
tcccacgtat ctcctttatt ggactttgaa aaataataat 300 aaacatcaag
ttaagttcct aaaccatgta ttgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt 360
gtatgtatat gtaaatgtat atgtatatgt atgctacttt atttccaggt caacaattac
420 attgaggatt gtatcgccca aaagcactcg ttgatcaagg tgttaagact
agtttgcctc 480 caatccgtgt gtaatagtgg gctcaaacaa aaagttttgg
attattacaa aagagagatt 540 ctccaggtga gtatattttt aaattattaa
tttgccaagg gggacagcat ctttttaaaa 600 aatacttcat gggccgggca
cagtggctta cgcctgtaat cccagcactt tgggaggcca 660 aagcaggtgg
atcacttgag gttaggagtt tgagaccagc ctggccaaca tggtgaaacc 720
cccatctcta ttaaaaatac aaaaattagc caggcatggt agcatgcacc tgtagtccca
780 gctatttgag aggatcaggc aggagaatcg cttgaacgca ggaggcggag
gttacagtgt 840 gtcaagatca tgcccctgca ctccagcctg ggcaacagag
tgagactctg tctcaaaaaa 900 taataataaa aaatttaaaa ttaaaaaaaa
taaaaattac aaagctgcca ttttggtatc 960 ttgtaacgac tgttgtataa
attttttaac acctagagga attggtcttg gtagccatca 1020 ctgtttattg
tatttgtgtg ataataatag ctaacaggct gggcacagtk gctcacctct 1080
gttatctcaa tattttgtgg ggctgaggcg ggaggatcgc tggaggccaa gaccagcctg
1140 gcaacatggc aagaccctgt ctctacaaaa aaaaaaaaaa agggcggcc 1189 23
1492 DNA Homo sapiens 23 gccttcccac actccattcc ctgtcaagtt
atggctgtcc cctcacccca gctgctccta 60 gagaggccct tkttacctgt
gtcattcatg tttctaacaa gccaccctcc accccgtctt 120 gtgtgcccca
tgcacctgtg catctgtgct gtgtgggtgt tggtggccct tttgcgcatg 180
catggggcat cccctgccca gaccagcggg acaaggagcg ggaacggcgg ctgcaggagg
240 cacggggccg gccaggggag gggcgcggca acacagccac tgagaccacc
acgaggcaca 300 gccagcgggc agctgatggc tctgctgtca gcactgttac
caagactgag cggctcgtcc 360 actccaatga tggcacacgg acggcccgca
ccaccacagt ggagtcgagt ttcgtgaggc 420 gctcggagaa tggcagtggc
agcaccatga tgcaaaccaa gaccttctcc tcttcctcct 480 catccaagaa
gatgggcagc atcttcgacc gcgargacca ggccagccca cgggccggca 540
gcctggcggc gctcgagaaa cggcaggccg agaagaagaa agagctgatg aaggcgcaga
600 gtctgcccaa gacctcagcc tcccaggcgc gcaaggccat gattgaraag
ctggagaagg 660 agggcgcggc cggcagccct ggcggacccc gcgcagccgt
gcagcgatcc accagcttcg 720 gggtccccaa cgccaacagc atcaagcaga
tgctgctgga ctggtgtcga gccaagactc 780 gcggctacga gcacgtcgac
atccagaact tctcctccag ctggagtgat gggatggcct 840 tctgtgccct
ggtgcacaac ttcttccctg aggccttcga ctatgggcag cttagccctc 900
agaaccgacg ccagaacttc gaggtggcct tctcatctgc ggagacccat gcggactgcc
960 cgcagctcct ggatacagag gacatggtgc ggcttcgaga gcctgactgg
aagtgcgtgt 1020 acacgtacat ccaggaattc taccgctgtc tggtccagaa
ggggctggta aaaaccaaaa 1080 agtcctaamc cctgctcggg gccccacgga
tgctggtgga ctgtgtgccc ctggtggagg 1140 tggacgacat gatgatcatg
ggcaagaagc ctgaccccaa gtgtgtcttc acctatgtgc 1200 agtcgctcta
caaccacctg cgacgccacg aactgcgcct gcgcggcaag aatgtctagc 1260
ctgcccgccc gcatggccag ccagtggcaa gctgccgccc ccactctccg ggcaccgtct
1320 cctgcctgtg cgtccgccca ccgctgccct gtctgttgcg acaccctccc
ccccacatac 1380 acacgcagcg ttttgataaa ttattggttt tcaamraaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1440 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa ag 1492 24 1608 DNA Homo sapiens 24
gctttggggc ccaggcataa gtcccttcct ccaggacctt tcctatttat atgtccctat
60 acaaaatcca tctgctttta tacgtagctg ttttatcatc tgtagcttca
tcctatccgg 120 aggcacagca catgagccct ggacaggtcc caaagttcca
agcagtcctt tccgtaaaag 180 caggggtttg catgtgctac caacacatga
tacggggaag acccacccag ggagcggttt 240 cagtggcgca acaaagcacc
acttttactg ttgcctactt ctgaccaaga agaaaaagga 300 ccttagtatt
tagcataaaa ttccagcgct ggatgaatgc agatctagtt tggtctgtgg 360
ctagtttaaa tatgtttcta accacagagr atttcatata tatatacata tatatataca
420 catacatata tatatatata tatgtatgta taaaatttca cagggatatg
cttttttttt 480 taaagactga atgtgttcac satttagcct gtagatttat
ttccattttc caaattccag 540 cacacagaga tcccagcccc tatgagtagg
gtgtttgtgg actacctaat ggaatatttt 600 tgaggcctgg atgaactttg
ccatatgggt agaggttaca gagggaggtg atattttcag 660 ctaaaaaaaa
aaacgggtgg agtttggact gatcaacttg agatttaaaa actgctattc 720
cttttgttct ytctagcatc yctccccacc ctctgagagc tcctcaggct tagatagtga
780 agtgatcaaa tgccagtgtc attttgtact taagttccaa agtaggaaca
ttttatactt 840 ttttctgtat tgtaataggt agttttgtat gaaatctttt
ctcctctccc gttgtaccgc 900 attctttcca gcattgtgct ttttccctgg
gcttatttga aaattttact gttttataca 960 agctcgtttm syacwttktt
ctatgttyta ccacaagtta caatttgaaa agaaaactat 1020 tttttttaaa
tattccattg ttaactgaat gttactgttt ccactccagc aactacatgt 1080
cctcccttca actgcctgcc ttttggggaa agaccacctt ttgtgtgttt gttttttctc
1140 tctctttctt tccctttctc tttctatctc tctttatttt tctttctttt
tctttgtttt 1200 tgagttttct ataggaaata aatagctttc tatatatgag
ttgctgggga ccttcacatt 1260 ctcttttaga aagctgtggc atgcagtctc
attgcaggac tcctggaata ttgtctggtt 1320 cttggtattt actgtatgta
agcaacaact tgaaaggtgg caatatggtg tcgatttgga 1380 ctatgaatca
aaagaccttt ttcaggttct ttcactattg tctgggggac tcagaacaag 1440
attgttctct gtatttattg tttgtccatt taggtaacat ctgtcttacc ttcctcayag
1500 actttgtaca gaccaaagca acaaatattt attgccatgt atagcagaaa
atgaaacatg 1560 caacaaaagc actttgaaaa atawawaagg aattgttgag
cctgtctg 1608 25 1964 DNA Homo sapiens 25 actgcaggtc gacactagtg
gatccaaaga attcggcaca ggccctctgt aggagktaat 60 tttcatggca
gttcgtttga ttaaaccggc ggtattcgca gtgctcgccg ggttttctgt 120
gttgtggctc agccctgcaa gcctggcggc cagttttgac tgtgaccggg cgaagcgcct
180 gacgagaaaa ccatctgtgc cacgcgctcc ctcaatgatc aggacgtgac
catggcgctg 240 ctttatgacc tgaaccggca cttcatggcc atgggcgggc
gcggttcgtt gatggatgat 300 caggctgtgt ggctcaagca acggcatacg
tgcggcgccc aagtcagttg cctgagcaaa 360 gcctatacgg agcgtattgc
gatgttgcgt attttattga tgagcgggtg atgacgaagg 420 ggccgttctg
aagcagttac agatcttgta atagttttgc attgtaggaa attcttgttt 480
cgcctgtacg attcaagtcc ttttcccaca acaggaccta catgaacacc ctctcggagc
540 ctcccagtcg tctttcccca agacatgcac tgtcgccgtt cccgctgatc
gcctgcctcc 600 gggccaagca tcccgtcttc cgattgccta ccttamccgg
tccctcgacc gtgcgttgcc 660 gtgcccggca ttctgaaaaa cttgaagagr
tactgaaaaa tggaatggtt agcggatcca 720 acggcctggc tcggcctgtt
gactttgatt gtgctgragc tggtgctggg catcgacaac 780 ctggtgttta
tykygatcmt ggcgmccaag ttgccgccgg agcagcgtga ccgtgcgcgg 840
ctgatcggtt tgtccctggc gttgctgatg cgtctgggcc tgttggcaag tatttcctgg
900 ttggtgaccc tgacccaacc gctgttcgag gtgttcgaca agagtttctc
gggccgtgac 960 ttgatcatgc tgtttggtgg tgtgttcctg ttgttcaagg
ccaccatgga attgcatgag 1020 cgccttgagg ggcatgtggc tcagcgcact
ggcaacgtgg cttatgcgat gttctggccg 1080 atcgttgcgc agattgtggt
gctggatgcg gtgttctccc tggatgcagt gattactgcc 1140 gtgggcatgg
tggatgagct ggcggtgatg atgatcgcgr tgatcatttc catcggcctg 1200
atgatcgttg ccagcaagcc gctgacccgt ttcgtcaacg cccacccgac ggtgatcatg
1260 ctgtgcctgg gcttcctgat gatgatcggt tttgccctga ccgcagaggg
cctgggctty 1320 cacattccca aaggctatct gtacgcggcc atcggcttct
cgatcctgat cgagctgttc 1380 aaccagatcg cccggtcgcg ccgcaagaag
tcggcccagg gcacgctgcc gaggcgtgag 1440 cgtacggccc acgcggtgat
gcgtttgctc ggcgggcgga atctggcagt ggaggaggtg 1500 ggtgaagagg
tcgccgacct gctggataac cctgatgcca acggcgggcc gctgttcgac 1560
cggcgcgagc gggtgatgat cagtggcgtg ctgcaactgg ctgaacgccc gatccgtacg
1620 ctgatgacgc ctcgggcgaa ggtggactct atagatctgt cggacgatcc
cgasacyatc 1680 cgcctgaaac tgagmattcg tcttactcgc gcctgccctt
gatccgcaac ggtaatgtcg 1740 acgagccatt gggctttgtg cacaagaagg
agttgctcaa ggaatacctg gccggtaacg 1800 agccgaacct ggagcacctg
gcgcgccggg cggtcaactt gctggagagc ttttcgattc 1860 tcaatgcctt
ggagcagatg cgtgaggagt cgactcacat tgccttcgtg atcaacgaat 1920
ttggcgactt tatcggggtg ttgagcatga ccgacatcct cgag 1964 26 933 DNA
Homo sapiens 26 ggcacgaggt gcttccctcc cagatggctg tgtatgtatt
ttcttttctt ttttgctttc 60 ttcttctttc cgttgttttg ttattgtttt
aactataata agagggccag aggcagtcaa 120 gccctggcca ggtcctggcg
gcccatgggg gttctgggga gggggagggg ggaagtcagt 180 gggggtcaga
ggtggagggt gaagaatgag aaagttgggg agttaggctt agctcaggaa 240
ccatgtgtcc ctgcccactc ccctccttcc ttgcccctcc ctacctccct gcctctacat
300 ggcttctctc cacccctccc agagtcctac gggacaggac cctgctccag
tggtatccaa 360 ctcctccctg cccactcttc ctcatgggcc acctcacctc
ccactttcga tgtctcgcct 420 cccgtggcca ccctgcaatt agctttccaa
gccccctccc gtggccgtcc cctcccaaga 480 cctctcaccc atgtagcaat
ccctacatgg ctgcctgtca tgtccctact ctctaagccc 540 tcctgcccac
tgttcctccc tccccgacat gctgasacca agtggtggaa accacccctc 600
agccccagcc tgccctgtgc agarttcagc tktgtgttga atgaggggga garggacaag
660 tgagggcgga gagagagttc aggaggaggc aggatgcgca gggagcagag
agtgagggag 720 ggagataccg aacagataga cagaaaacgt tgtacggaaa
agttgttttt tcttattttt 780 tttccgggag aacccgctta cacagctctg
tttgtaattt ttttcttcat gctaaaatca 840 cacggcctat ttgttgatgt
aagttgcctg aattccgtgg tatgctatct tcttttttaa 900 aaacaaaagc
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaact cga 933 27 1237 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (556) n
equals a,t,g, or c 27 tgacgtctgg ggggcgcctc aaatcttcca ctccagcatc
ggatcccgga aaggcagcgt 60 cggagatgga cccaaaactc ttcctgttct
gcctgcagag ttgagccccg tccgggtcct 120 ggacccgcgt agtactgacc
ctggatccct gttcactgcg ttctcgctcc ccgcgctccc 180 tgctggaccc
cgggatgccg ggcatctccg cccgaggcct ctctcatgag gggaggaagc 240
agctagctgt taacctcacc cgtgtcctgg cactctaccg ttccatcttg gatgcctaca
300 tcatcgtaca ggtcagtgtg gccactcacc ctgctggccc tgaagtccac
ggcgtgtgcc 360 ctggccttta cccggatgcc tggctttcag accccctcag
aattcctgga gaaccccagc 420 cagagctccc gactaacagc tccattccgg
aaacatgtca ggcccaagaa gcagcatgag 480 atccggaggc tgggagagtt
ggtgaagaag ccgagtgatt tcacaggctg cacccaggtt 540 gtagacgtgg
gctcangcca ggggcatctc tcccgcttca tggctcttgg cctggggttg 600
atgtgaagaa gcatcgaang ggatcagaga ctggtggaga garcccagcg cctggaccag
660 gagcttctgc angctctgga gaaagaggag aagaggaacc cgcagatatg
tgcagcgggg 720 gctacagcga gtggggctag atccccagct gccactgaat
ctggctgccc ttcaggccca 780 cctggcccag gagaaccgtg tggtggcctt
cttcagcctg gctctactgc ttgccccact 840 ggtggagacg cttattctac
tggaccggct gctgtacctt caggaacagg gtttccatgc 900 tgagctcctg
cccatcttca gtcctgaact ctctcccaga aacctggttc tggtggccac 960
caagatgccc ctgggtcagg ctctttctgt tctggagact gaagacagct gatgcagcct
1020 gaggasacat ctcagacccc atcatctgaa agtgcccaga gagcacagtg
gcagagtaca 1080 tctcatccag agaaacagca tcctgcatcc tccagagtcc
tggttccttc agtttcatcc 1140 cctttctctc cttccatgga ttatgtaata
cattgtaaag ttttaattaa ttaaaaattg 1200 gatatctgaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaattg ctcggtc 1237 28 960 DNA Homo sapiens 28 ggcacgagca
tttctgctcc tgatctgccc tgtcgatttc taaccatcag ggctttttca 60
tgttattact gatgcttgtg aacacgtctg ctgtagcctg cactcacgga ggcagagggc
120 cgtgggggaa ctctgcagcc caagcttgcg ccgcgctcgc cccgtggccc
aggcaggacc 180 cttccgcggc ctcccagtgg cagccacagg tgctggttgg
tttgctgagc tatcacgggt 240 ggggtgggca gcgtctgagt ccttgcccga
gaagcatctg ctgtgtgtcc acgaggcacc 300 tggagggggc cagatccaag
gcacagggcc ctgctgcatg gctccacatg gaagttcgag 360 tcccccgtgt
ccagccgccg gccctgcagg tgcccagcag ctctgacaaa gcggggcagg 420
gccgctgggg tgtccctgga cagcggggcc tggtgggcag gggaggaggc tgcaaggtga
480 cacccagttt gccttgcaga cgtacggagc gcaagaggac ggcagcgtcg
gcgaaggtga 540 cctgtcctgc atcctcaaga cggccctggg ggtggcagag
ctcaccgtga ccgacctatt 600 ccgagccatt gaccaagagg agaaggggaa
gatcacattc ggtgagcccg caggagtggg 660 gtcgtcctcg cgacccttgg
gcgggggctg ggcagagtgt ggggcgagtc tccgtgggag 720 cccaggacag
gagtggagtc cccgccatgc ctccattcac caggctgccc tgtgtaacaa 780
agaaacccct gagaaggaag gttctggaga cctggcaggg ttcgtaggga gctttccaat
840 ctgatttgtt ttggcgattt atacaaccaa actccaagcc cagttccgaa
gctctgagcc 900 ttccatggcc tcaggctggg attcaggtgc ctggaggtgg
gggatacccg cacccagccc 960 29 1067 DNA Homo sapiens 29 ggcagagaat
agttatgcac aaaaataatt tatttttgtg tgtattattc aggttattat 60
tcaggtgttc gtgttttaat ttgttaaact tcccacaaac atatgctgtt ggaaagggcc
120 aggcagggaa agatcagtgc tcaagctaaa agaatgaawg cttaatgtgg
acttttaggc 180 actaatacct ggatagaaga ggtatttgga ggcagagatg
ttttcttggt gttcctcaaa 240 ccacrgcata caagtaaccc ttataacact
ccctaatcta gcaataaatt gtgcctagac 300 atgaatcctc ctctgacttg
aagaactact gctctgggaa ggaactaaat aatccaaatc 360 ttagcactkg
atcatacagc ccatatggag ttctttatac gatgactgct tcattgtata 420
aatcctctct ccccactcaa gccttaaact cttcgagcgc agaaatttta ttkgtcctca
480 ttgtacacca aacaatgtta aatactcagt aaatacctgg cagactgaat
tgaggcagta 540 cggcttatag gaaaawtcta cctgaacaca catgagactc
aaawtacttc ttgaatttac 600 atcatgacca accatccact tttactgcaa
agagaacttt tcatacagat tatttccaaa 660 acccaatggt tcccagtcat
cacagcttgt ccctgaccca gttctccttc tcaacctgat 720 tgcaatctaa
ctccctcctc ccttccctcg tcttttcaag atgcaccacg ctggtgcatc 780
ttgaaccgtg ccaggaacgg tacctcatct ttccccttaa aatatttttc atttgcaact
840 gcattaataa agacgacagg cagcctctgg agagaaytct gaatacctgc
ccgacccacc 900 tcagggagtg ccactcggcg taccgagcct cacaggagaa
atgtggccca gcccaagccg 960 cccatgttcc tcagagttgg gaaggaggaa
gacatttcta cgtgaaagtt tgattgcttt 1020 aagggacaaa acccaaaatt
tgcaatcgtt ttcaaaacaa actcgag 1067 30 1063 DNA Homo sapiens SITE
(965) n equals a,t,g, or c 30 ggcagaggca taactctgct tatttaaggt
ggtttggttt gtgccaagct aaaggaggga 60 atattgattg aattactttt
ttaaaatgca attaattttt atttaattgt tttccctgga 120 gttgtggggt
tgaggtattg cagtttaaag cagtttggat gtgctgataa tttttttctg 180
attatcttca agtctccatg gacagtgtca ctgcaggtct attcatgctt tcgttcctcc
240 tttacctgcc ttcatctgct ttctctgggc attggtaccc atacccaggt
gtggtcagtt 300 ggagtaactc ctgccttgct gggcttaact gtggtgtttc
tgggcctaag gcaattggaa 360 catctgtagt ttatttccta atcccaattt
tgtggaggtt tgtgttctag ctttgattca 420 attactccta agtagtggcc
cgtattaagt agaggctgtg tgagacaaga cacttaatgt 480 agccccttgg
agctgctggg tccttttcat cagaatttgg ctaatgatgc ctctctcttt 540
tttacacact aagcctaata taactagtaa tgaacctcat taataatttg tattggcaga
600 tgtgaggtgt cacacattaa aactgtttta caccatgagc attgacttca
ttcggtcagt 660 gagggaggat gcaaccacct ttgccaaaat aggaaggaag
agaagaccca gagttttcag 720 ggaacggaat taaatagcac tttaacaagc
ttggcggagg cagtggggtg aggagaggaa 780 gttaataggc ctagggagga
gagtatctca ctggtttctc caagctgatt cttctgggtg 840 ccaagagagc
tgtggaaacc cacagaggaa tgccccggtt cctttccttc cttctttctg 900
gtaagggttt agatctattt atttgatggt cagccttcca gttttatcag caccggtctc
960 tttgnacaac ttcccaaatg tacaaactcc agacagatga gtacagttgg
tgttttccgg 1020 ggagggtgtt gctccctgtg gtctgtcaca gccagagagc agg
1063 31 1430 DNA Homo sapiens 31 ggcacgagca cttatgtgtt tggcattctc
cgtcatcatt ctggccgggg cgggcagttc 60 taggagttgg aactcagtcc
tggtggaaaa ggaagtcgtg gagggagggc tagggccgtg 120 ggggaactgc
tctgctgagc ctcttcctca cctgctgctt cctaggacta acctgaaagg 180
ctaaggtacc aggctgaagt cagtgctcag aaaaccaatc gtcattcttt ggggtttttt
240 ttcttgaaga gccactttct ctttaccttg ttctagcctg ttggaggtag
ggtttctgca 300 attccaaagg ccgtacacag cctctcacca tcagaccact
ttttaaggct cttcgttcat 360 acctagctcg aagattcact tcctcaggaa
gccattttag ttacaaatct gggaaaactt 420 aaaatgcttt cattgtgcca
tgttttctgt tgcagcttca gtaccgtacc tagtggtcag 480 gcatacttac
aagtttcttt ttacagtaac cccttgtgga catctaataa atggtcatta 540
ttttttagta ctagtttgtt ttcctgaaca ctgtaagatc tgtgactgac gtttgatacc
600 ttaaagcagt gccatataat aactacccac tatttgttct ttatttctgt
cagataaaaa 660 tgttctatgt agtgtctaca gtcatttttt ttttaactag
aatttagatt tggaagtagt 720 ttttctatta gttgatttgc atgaaataca
aaattaggaa aaggcttatt ccacctcaac 780 ctagttgaac tattaatgat
tttttttttt ttttgaggat ttgggctctt tctagataga 840 aaatcaccct
gaacttctag ctttgcattg tgaagtgagc atcatgaaga tgagaaaatg 900
ttgggagatc atttttgcaa agggcataat agtcggcatt cagatatgag ttaactgcag
960 agggaaaatt gcaagctgtc atgttggcct tgttcctctc aaccttctgg
taacctaaca 1020 agctcctaca ggttgtatgt gaaattgcaa gatgattata
tagccctgtt gaatttacaa 1080 ccagatcttg ctttcaaacc attattagcc
aagggtttga ttccacacct gtgttcatgg 1140 attttttggt attagacatt
gctgtaactc tgttttcact ttttcatctg ttatcttggc 1200 tcacttaagg
gagaaggtat cagcagccta ggaccacttg gtttctgttt ttatgtttca 1260
tagttcatgg ctgataaaaa ttacctgtcc ttaggccgag tgcagtgcct cacacctgta
1320 atcccagcac tttgggaggc cgaggtgagt agatcacctg agatcaggag
ttcgagacca 1380 gcctggacaa caagagcaaa actccatctc caaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa 1430 32 1382 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (1339) n equals
a,t,g, or c 32 gctttgttga tgtgccattt tagtgctctg tcgttcacat
tttgtgtttt gccactggct 60 ttttcgtttc tccagaaaca ttgttacttc
actcacaaat ttggtcaaaa tgtgcaatac 120 tcacatttca gagttagttt
tcaatggaag aaatgagcaa aggtttttat tttagttaat 180 atagaaattt
gaataattca gagtacagaa aggaacacat ttcatgaaca tggtgggaat 240
ttttcactta atgtattata ttccaccaat atacaaatat ttgtatyatt ttagggcagt
300 tagaatagaa aatacatttt cagtagaatc gttaataaat gaatagaaaa
atgagaactc 360 attggtgagg tagagagcaa acacacacta agggagtgac
ttgtaattga gcagaaattt 420 cctttgagtt tcctaatagc caaagcaaaa
gaaaaaaaaa aaaggaagga aacaaactta 480 caaactctta ccatctaaaa
aagaaatcat accatttttt aggtggtaca aacatttttc 540 tattatcaaa
ctagaggtgg cttttaccat gtgaatattt ttataaaggc tgtggaatga 600
taatgtgaaa attccagggg ggaaagtaag caagaaagta aagctgcaga gctgcatgtt
660 gggagtcagg tgacagaggt gaggagttgg ataggttggt gtctcaggta
cttgaatytc 720 tggggtggtt ttcttctgcc tagaaaggct tttgggaaag
taaatgtgaa gtcacaagta 780 gagaaaggaa acatcagaag agagacagcc
tgagagtttg cagagctaag atctcaggtt 840 aatggttatc tgccccaggg
acaaaggatg ttgtaccctt ttccttagga tttttcttag 900 gcatttaact
aatgttccct tgttttacct agccttgtgt cctaccaaac tgacatttca 960
aagagcagca agtgcctctt ggagaacact gggtggctta aacaggatgc aataataata
1020 ctcttaaacg gtgtacattt tttaaaatgt ctttttgtat ataakwwaaa
tataagagct 1080 gtagcttagc tcactaattg ccttcctttt tgcagaaaat
gtgttggtgt attcagaagc 1140 agatctttct tacaaggaca gattgtttaa
agctaactag tattgtagtc aacgcttacc 1200 caagggcaga atagagctga
tcagaagcaa atcttgaatt caattcgtat ttatattttc 1260 aggaactcta
aaattaattg atctttctgt tctgcccttc tgtcgtaact gccacagctc 1320
cagctctggg cgacagagnc aagactccgt ctcaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aagggcggcc
1380 gc 1382 33 1502 DNA Homo sapiens 33 gctgattacc tttatgttgg
tttctcttat tatttgtctc ttgctagatc tgctaaacca 60 acccagcttg
ctcagagatc tcatattgaa gcaacataca ggcaatccac atctttcttt 120
ccctttgaag tatagtcatt ggatgggatg agggacaggg cctgttgggt tcacagggcc
180 ttgcactgca tgggcacata cttaaaagct cttgtgcatg gaatccctgt
ctgttagcca 240 caggcctctt tagctctata cattcaaaat aactactgta
gtagaaaata gataagcttc 300 agctgagttg gcttttgata gtggaaaaaa
aacaaaattt gactttttat ggccaaaatt 360 ccttgttgac agctgtgatg
ttctaatatg atttgggaat atgtcagtct acagaacctg 420 catcctgtaa
aaacaccttt ggggtagacg ataaaagtca tttttaaggc aaatacttac 480
catgtgactt tttattacca aatgcatcag tagtggagct ggtatgttgt ttcataggat
540 ggaaacatta gaagtccaga gaaaaataaa ttttaaaaaa aggtggaaaa
gttacggcaa 600 acctgagatt tcagcataaa atctttagta tgaagtgaga
gaaagaagag ggaggctggt 660 tctgttgctc gtatcaatag gttatctgtg
tccctcatct tggtgttaca gtgttatttc 720 tgtcagtatt atgaatatgt
ggttgaccca tcctgtcaaa tgtaccaaca ttttcgaaag 780 aattcattca
aatctcttat gccaacagaa aagttccttc ttgtttaata tctctttacc 840
tcagtcctac attttgattc tctggaggag attttagctt gtcttaaaaa gccaaatttg
900 gagtcatcaa gcctgctgaa cctgatgggg cagctttttg aacagctttc
tggaagtaag 960 aacttcagtt gaaaagccct ttgatcgctt cagcccggga
catgcccttc agatggctta 1020 ttctcagtaa agctttatgt agactgtgac
actgtatatg tgtgactcgt acaactttga 1080 cgtgtttctg aagtggttta
atcgtatttg ttattagctt ctttgtggaa atgcaatttt 1140 tatactaaaa
acattgctta tttgcaatgc aatatgttat aaatttgttg tttatattac 1200
tggtattagt cttagcctaa tgaacctaat tatttttctt tctgtattct ttgcttcctc
1260 aaatagcatc tgcagcaatt ggaatgagaa atccagatat gtgtttcaag
tagtacattg 1320 cctgaatcac aaatcacttg atcacagtat tgtatataat
ccctgatcct atttgtttca 1380 ttttattgta aattcccatt tgcatcaaaa
cctaatgata gtgattggta agtaaaaaca 1440 aatggtgtat tgcttttcat
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaactcg 1500 ag 1502 34 727 DNA
Homo sapiens 34 gctggtatct ccagtgtttg ggtttagctc caacttacag
gttaggacca gcttttctgc 60 aggtgttgac cagcaatttc ctgcggcatt
tacttcttga taacaagagt gagaagatag 120 agacagggca gatagacact
taagagtaaa atgtattaac acaaaggctc tggccgcccc 180 cctacaaagg
aggccatgga accgatggaa ctgatggagg aaatgctggg actgtgggtc 240
agtgctgaca cacccatggc catacgtttg gtcttcttgg ccttggctgg gctggtggat
300 gggaagccag tatggatcac cttgtggatg gatgcaaaga gaccaaactt
ggcgggcact 360 ggaagtacct ggggaagcag gagagactca cactgctgtc
atggccccac agcctggagc 420 ctcccctgcc tcctctgcct cttcagagcc
cagcagaaag acagagaaag aagcctcctt 480 ggggttccat tacccacact
ccaaggtgga aatctttcag atggttagat gatgaaggta 540 gtagaaggca
aggatgattg ggagtagaag gaagagtgac aggctagcat gagctgtgca 600
gcagcaagat tccatatgag caaagttcag aaagtgrgmm aaaaggacca agttggatct
660 cctcctaacc ctgacctgca tgatatgggt gtgagaagct tcaactgaga
aagctgctga 720 gaaagta 727 35 1991 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (300) n
equals a,t,g, or c 35 gcgacgctcg gcccgaagat ggcggccgaa tggggcggag
gagtgggtta ctcgggctca 60 ggcccggccg gagccggtgg cgctggagcg
ggtctgtgtg ggtccgaagc gttttactcc 120 tgttgggcgg gctccgggcc
agcgccacat ctactcccgt ctccttgggc agttcccctc 180 cctgccggca
ccacgtcccc tctgacactg aggtcataaa taaagttcat cttaaggcaa 240
atcatgtggt caagagagat gttgatgagc atttaagaat caagactgtc tatgataaan
300 tgktgaasag ttgctccctg agaaaaagaa tcttgtaaag aacaagcttc
tcncacawgc 360 gatttcttat ttagagaaga cttttcaggt ccgtcgacct
gcgggcacta tcttacttag 420 cagacaatgt gcaacaaacc aatacctccg
gaaggaaaac gatcctcaca ggtactgcac 480 cggggagtgt gccgcacaca
caaagtgcgg ccccgttatt gttcctgagg aacatctcca 540 gcaatgccgg
gtctaccgtg ggggtaagtg gcctcatgga gcagtgggtg tgccagacca 600
agaaggcatc tcagatgcag actttgttct ttacgttggt gctctggcca ccgagagatg
660 cagccatgaa aacatcatct cttatgcagc ctattgtcag caggaagcaa
acatggacag 720 gccaatagca ggatatgcta acctgtgtcc aaatatgatc
tctacccagc ctcaggagtt 780 tgttgggatg ctgtccacag tgaaacatga
ggttattcat gccctgggtt tctctgctgg 840 gctgtttgca ttctaccatg
ataaagatgg aaatcctctc acttcaagat ttgcagatgg 900 cctyccacct
tttaattata gtctgggatt atatcaatgg agtgataaag tagttcgaaa 960
agtgragaga ttatgggatg ttcgagataa taagatagtt cgtcacactg tgtatctcct
1020 ggtaacgcct cgtgttgttg aggaagcacg aaaacatttt gattgtccag
ttctagaggg 1080 aatggaactt gaaaatcaag gtggtgtggg cactgagctc
aaccattggg aaaaaaggtt 1140 attagagaat gaagcgatga ctggttctca
cactcagaat cgagtactct ctcgaatcac 1200 tctggcatta atggaggaca
ctggctggta taaagcaaat tacagcatgg ctgagaagtt 1260 agactggggc
cgaggaatgg gctgtgactt tgtcaggaag agctgtaaat tctggattga 1320
tcagcagaga caaaagagac agatgctgag cccttactgt gacacgctca gaagtaaccc
1380 actgcagcta acttgcagac aggaccagag agcagttgcc gtgtgtaatt
tgcagaagtt 1440 ccctaagcct ttaccacagg aataccagta ctttgatgaa
ctcagtggaa tacctgcaga 1500 agatttgcct tattatggtg gctccgtgga
aattgctgac tactgscctt tcagtcagga 1560 attcagttgg catttaagtg
gtgaatatca gcgcagctca gattgtagaa tattggaaaa 1620 tcaaccagaa
atttttaaga actatggcgc tgaaaagtat ggacctcatt ccgtttgtct 1680
aattcagaaa tcagcattcg ttatggagaa gtgtgagagg aagctgagtt acccagactg
1740 gggaagcgga tgctatcagg tttcttgttc tcctcaaggt ctgaaagttt
gggtccaaga 1800 tacttcatat ttgtgtagtc gggctgggca ggtcctccct
gtcagtatcc agatgaatgg 1860 ctggattcac gatggaaacc tgctctgccc
atcatgttgg gacttctgtg agctctgtcc 1920 tccagaaaca gatcctccag
ccactaacct gacccgagct ctgccacttg atctttgttc 1980 ctgttcctcg a 1991
36 2321 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (787) n equals a,t,g, or c 36
gtgaaagtgg gccttggaaa aakttctgaa ttaaagaaaa gctgcatgtg cacggaatgc
60 agtgtgatac attctctaaa gcaacatgtt gtaaaatttt actgctttct
tgttgtgttt 120 tatatcttgt tttctccagg cttcgtggac tcgaccagag
aagcaagagg tatagcttac 180 ctgaccacta gccagtcttt agttttgaaa
gcattacagt ttaactcacc attgcagttt 240 aataaccaga catgctaaac
taattagtaa tttagctaaa gaataggtcg atagtggtag 300 acattactta
gcaatagtat catttaggat gagcaagcaa gctgtgttgg gagtggatga 360
acaaatccat attatttcct aaaactggat cttattctct tgctggtgct ggtaaaatca
420 catccaggta attacaccaa tagaaataaa ttgcccccaa ttcccaggcc
aggcattttg 480 aaatggtgaa agttttttga ctcacatggt tgatgtggct
ctggaccata aagtcacaga 540 gttagtgatc taaaaaccca ctcctccctt
tcctttccag ctcaactcat cttgttgctc 600 acttatttta taatgatcag
tcttggtaaa ttatcacatc acgtttcatc tcaaaagcaa 660 tgcaaatgac
atctctcgtt ggttttccca aattgctaaa cgtatctctg ttacttttat 720
agagcatyaa atttatgaga ttagaatgat gtggtacaaa tggttttatg ttttttaaag
780 tcagtancat ttaacctttg aaatttctct gactcattgc ttcagtttgg
ataatgtggg 840 acttartttg aaaactgaar ttaagtatta atctttaggn
tttgattgcc acatctcaag 900 amcctactta tgatcatgam tataattttt
tacccgattt atatgaagta acatatagtg 960 aaaatgaaac cagtggactt
cagatgagat tcaaggatct aatctctaag gactttttta 1020 aagttgcctt
tgccttttat ccagatgggg ctttgatcgt gtaatgctat aaatgcagaa 1080
catcatgatc ctatagattc tgtattttaa tttggtaaat ctatccctta gtctttcmga
1140 aatgataayt attcagaacg tataactcaa gtgttcaggt caaggytata
catatttata 1200 tgctgtttaa tatttaaaag ttgactgcct gtccccaggc
actgatctta gtttctgcmc 1260 atgaacaggc tgccattgtc maattcartt
cmttataaac ttccygtgtw taagactgtc 1320 ctcccygtca ttgggatgac
tgttaagtgc acagcctcac tgagaggctt cccscctgtg 1380 gcacaggaat
cacttagtgc tgtcacaggt tgggtgcttt attgtccaaa agtcatggac 1440
ccactgggat tggggaagag agagaagggt taattatcag ccaytcttaa gcagctacag
1500 atctcattct gcttgccttc atacaacttt ccttgtcatt ctcatttaga
gctggttgag 1560 gaggagctga gatttatcag ggagcattaa ggagatgtta
agagaattat tattgtaagt 1620 ggaagtaata ggtttactcc catgaaagca
gacacctcac tctgtttttc agaagtgtcc 1680 ttatcatgag tgtcttactt
tggacgtaat tgactttcaa gtgaatgctg cccctagggc 1740 tcagaagttc
cattctctcc tgtttgtctc atttggagat gaagaccata agtccagatg 1800
agtgcaaaag aaggctcagg ttatggccaa tttcattttg taagttctaa aagcattagc
1860 acttttacct ggaaggaggg agacaaaaac attttgatga gaagaataat
tatcattaac 1920 cttcatattt ttggggaaaa aaggagtttt cttgccatca
atatcttttc atacttgccc 1980 agagctcatc tcctccttct gctgcagcct
gggtggtcag catgactttt tgtctggatg 2040 gctggtaggt ggcacaccct
gaagttgtgc aggagccata gtaaaagcat ttcaggggaa 2100 gatagtctaa
tgacactgga gtctatctgt gtatcctcaa agggagaact gggcatctgg 2160
cagataattc catcatcaaa tctgtagtga gcctactgca aaataagaat tctctttaga
2220 aggctggtct gtggacatca ttaaacagga gaaatttcca catggagaaa
tttcctgaaa 2280 gaaactagat aggaattaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaactcgt a 2321
37 1558 DNA Homo sapiens 37 ggttttggag tatatatatt gtatgccatg
aactatattt ttctgcttat ggctttgcct 60 catttaattg ccatagcact
tacatggggc aggtattcat tttcctgctt agcaaataag 120 gaaactgaat
ttcagagatg tcaggtaacc tgcctacttc acacactagg agttttgatg 180
tttaattttg aactaagatc tatctggctt gaaagctctt tgcattaaac aaccttgaac
240 aatatacttg gaacgtaggt gtgtttttgg cacagaacat ggcatgtgtg
tgagggattg 300 aacacagact tgcccagatt caaacttacc aatcttctgt
ttcatgtgcc cagaagaaac 360 agcctgtttc tcagcctcaa acccaaactt
ctagttgtct tgattggttc agcctgactg 420 tccaactctg atttatagct
gtgattgggg gagctgagat tacacagtgt aggcaggcag 480 aagggcccca
ggcctattga tatgggtgag gacaatactc acgcactccc ttcacttact 540
cactcttcca aggtcttggc ttgaacccaa ttttttttga gagaataaac caggcttttt
600 gttctccact tggcctgact ccatttctgg cattccagcc atgtatttag
ctgttatcag 660 ctttcagatt tagascaaag ccttgtttcc aataagcttg
tttctctgaa gtaattgtta 720 aaatataatt ttcagaaaaa ggttaaatca
tgactcatac aaatataaaa atgaacatgt 780 gctaaagatt tttatttcac
tcatgtgata tgaagtaacc agacagaagt tataaccagt 840 acatatggaa
agtcaaaaag cacaaattca tatgtagtaa aggaattgga ttgcaaatga 900
aggcaaaact gtttttycta cagggtggag ggaagataat caaaatgcta gaaccagaat
960 ttscatgcct gtcacttagc ttcaatttac aaaagcccag aataactcaa
aggcaaattc 1020 tagccctgca aatatcagcc ctaaagctgt gctgtggcca
gtgcatagtt ttctattgaa 1080 gtacaatttt ttccccaaat acattatctc
tcagagggag tccaaattgc ttccctttca 1140 ctcagcagat ctgttcagtc
aacagatgtt aaatagctac agcgtatcag gcacaaataa 1200 ttctttataa
aataaagtaa caaactatat gttgtttcaa agttccagtt aaggccagcc 1260
gtggtagctc acccttataa tcccaacact gggaggccga ggcaggcgga tcacttgggc
1320 taggagttcc ataccagcat ggccaacatg gtgaaaccct gctctactag
aatgcaaaga 1380 ttagccaggt gtggtggcgc atgccggtag tccaggctac
tcaggtggct gaggcacagg 1440 aatggcttga gcctgggagg cggaggttgc
agtgagccga gattgcgwcc gctgcactcc 1500 agcctgggca acactgtgag
actcctgtct acaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aactcgta 1558 38 1701 DNA Homo
sapiens 38 aaatgtataa actatacatt tggagtgttt gcatataatt ctttataacc
tccacttaaa 60 gctgtcagac attggtattt tatcagtcca cattgttgaa
taaaactaat gttcttagga 120 atccagcttg tacacactgt ttaaaaaccc
tcagggacag tttacacact cttctcactc 180 aattcaggta ctttgatgct
attcttaaac ctaacagtga cttgtatttt tctgttttgc 240 ttttatttca
acgtgctggt agcacatctg atgaatgtca acttaaaaaa ctcagttcag 300
ttatccaggt ataactcagc caaacagatt ttaaagctgc atataactct ccagcacatg
360 gtgcctcaca ctcttatagt ggcattctat atattcagtt attactactg
agcagataat 420 atgggggttc ctgttaacag tgtatttttt aaaaaaagcg
cataaatgta tagccagcac 480 actacacaca cacacacaaa catgcacagt
taaactatat atttttaaat gccactaata 540 gccagcacaa ctaaaacaaa
agacattcct aactgctctg taagctgtka acagatgcag 600 ttccttcttg
atgtggctct tgcttcttca cgataactac tactaaattc aagcactggt 660
ccttgggtgt ctgacctcta cattctagtt tatgcaatgt ctttagagaa ttttgtgcac
720 tggccactgt gatggaacca ttgggccagg agtgctttga gtttatcagt
agtgattctg 780 ccaaagttgg tgttgtaaca tgagtatgta aaatgtcaaa
aaaattagca gaggtctagg 840 tctgcatatc agcagacagt tttgtccgtg
tattttgtag ccttgaagtt ctcagtgaca 900 agttttttct gatgcgaagt
tctaattcca gtgttttagt cctttgcatc tttaatgtta 960 agacttgcct
ctttaaaatt gcttttgttt tctgcagtac tatctgtggt taacaaaata 1020
gattatttct ctgctttaat atttgatatc ttacatctaa aataaattct ctccacatat
1080 aaaacccata gcctttggag atatggaaaa tggtatcttt cagatttcta
gaagttcaag 1140 tgtcatacaa caaaacagga acccccttta ctcttatgga
cctcatttca atatactgtt 1200 tacagtttga tggaattgta taatttaata
tttctcttgt actgtagttt atatttattt 1260 acagattttt ttgtactgtg
tgatttgaac tttttgttcc ttgctatgat caatgtttat 1320 gtagtagagc
acttatgatc acaaattaag ttttttggtt tgattgcact acattaaatt 1380
ttttaatgca gttctgattt ttgactggac taaaactgtg tcttaatgta tgtgatgagt
1440 acttaaaatt ttaatccatg tggtcccccc cctttttttt tttttgcatt
gtatgtcaaa 1500 agcgcttgtt ctttcgtgca tgtgtaagat ttaatggttc
cattgtatta tttgaccatg 1560 acattttgga gaaacattcc cagctgtaat
gttgtgtatg gtagttctca ctggatgcta 1620 gagttttcaa aaccactatt
cttctaataa attttgttgt gaaaaactga aaaaaaaaaa 1680 aaaaaaaaaa
aaactcgtag g 1701 39 1903 DNA Homo sapiens 39 saacaaagcc ttctacttga
gcagtttttc catcactgat atgtgcagga aatgaagaca 60 ttgcctgcca
tgcttggaac tgggaaatta ttttgggtct tcttcttaat cccatatctg 120
gacatctgga acatccatgg gaaagaatca tgtgatgtac agctttatat aaagagacaa
180 tctgaacact ccatcttagc aggagatccc tttgaactag aatgccctgt
gaaatactgt 240 gctaacaggc ctcatgtgac ttggtgcaag ctcaatggaa
caacatgtgt aaaacttgaa 300 gatagacaaa caagttggaa ggaagagaag
aacatttcat ttttcattct acattttgaa 360 ccagtgcttc ctaatgacaa
tgggtcatac cgctgttctg caaattttca gtctaatctc 420 attgaaagcc
actcaacaac tctttatgtg acaggtgagt tctcaacacc tagaccatct 480
gatatttttc ttataatgtt tccaggaaga ggggggttca gtttctcaag tgattatgtt
540 agaaagccaa ctcctatagc acatctgaaa tctgctacac ctcacagatt
gttatgtgcc 600 agtgtgtaca tatgtgtgtg tatgtgtgcg tttgaggtga
gtgagataga
ggagagtaga 660 gaaatagata gtaaaagtta ttgtttttga ctttagggat
tataaaattt atttgataag 720 tccaaaagta gaccactgaa atattgaaaa
aattataaag tgaataccta tagttgcgaa 780 tagctctgtg attgcttgtc
cttctttgtt gttttttttt tctctttttc ccatttttct 840 cttctttact
tttgttcatt acaatttctt gaagttatgt ttgtggtgct taggcaatta 900
aacacttctt aatagttcac agtttgttta gaggaaaaac agcaaacaac taactgactt
960 cctagtgatt ttctgggaat attcagagct tcatctctct tccctgttcc
ccgaaagagg 1020 cctttaatat gctttgacaa ctgaggaagg acagatagaa
gttaagcttg gggaaaccaa 1080 gctgaataaa acatgaaaaa atacataggg
ggggagtagg taagagtaaa aaatacttgg 1140 tttataaaaa ttttatagcc
aacatcatat tcaatggtga aaggcttaga gctttccccc 1200 taagaacagg
aacaagacat ggatccttgc ttttgccatt tccatttaac attaaactga 1260
aaattctagc cagagcaaac aggcaagaac aagaaataaa agatatctaa cttagaaaaa
1320 aagaagtaaa actttattca cagatggcat gaacttatgt gtagaaaaat
tcttaaaaat 1380 ttgtttaaaa ctattaaagc taatacatga atttagcaat
tccacatgat acaggatcaa 1440 cacacaaaaa tcagtgatat ttctatacac
tagcaataaa caatccacaa agaaaattaa 1500 ggaaacagtt ccatttacaa
tagcatcaaa atgaataaaa tatttaagta caaatttaac 1560 caaagaggta
taagagttgt acactgaaca aagaaagcat ggctgaaaga aattcaagaa 1620
tatgtaaata aatgcaaaga cattctgtat tcatggactg aaagatgtaa tattgtaaag
1680 atagcaatat tccccaaggt gatctacaga ttcaatgcag ttccactaaa
atcctaacag 1740 ctttttgttg ctattgcaga aataaaaaag ctgatcctaa
aattcacatt gagttgcaac 1800 agacccagaa ttgccaaaac aatcttgaaa
aagaacaaaa ctgaagctaa gacttcccta 1860 tttcaaaact tactacaaaa
tgacagttaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa 1903 40 1280 DNA Homo sapiens 40
gggcagactt aactgctgtc tgctcagcat ggaagccagg agccaaacca gtgggcttga
60 tgacagtgag ctatttctgg tggctcaggg ttggggcttg ggccgaagat
gtggaggccc 120 tggcttccct tcctgaggac agactgaggt ggaacctttt
ggctctgcca gcttctccat 180 gtgcagtcac agcactggtg gcaaggcata
ggagagctgg gctacaaaga agcattcagt 240 gtctcctggg gcggcaggga
ggtgggggtt gtaattgtga actcaccaaa ccccaggtgg 300 gcagtaagtg
ggtgggtcat aggaagaaaa gtgatcttca gtcaggagac ttgggttctg 360
ggctctgtct gatgactggc tctgtgatgt gagccaggtg acttctctaa ccctgagttg
420 cctcatctgt aaagataatt ccagtcttgg aggattttta tggasyaaaa
aggacagagc 480 ggtcctgtgt atcccctgca aatggttaga cgttatccat
ttacagcccc tgccaagcca 540 ccactagctt cttcagagaa cttttgaacc
ctgcctccct aaagtagttc taaaacattt 600 ttcactgtgt tacccatcaa
gggaaacaaa atgtttctac aaaccatagt aaataggatc 660 gtttttgtat
tgtgtttcaa ggaggaaaag ctgaccagca agaagaacgt cggagacaaa 720
agcagatgaa ggttctgaag aaggagctgc gccacctgct gtcccagcca ctgtttacgg
780 agagccagaa aaccaagtat cccactcagt ctggcaagcc gcccctgctt
gtgtctgccc 840 caagtaagag cgagtctgct ttgagctgtc tctccaagca
gaagaagaag aagacaaaga 900 agccgaagga gccacagccg gaacagccac
agccaagtac aagtgcaaat taactggtca 960 agtgtgtcag tgactgcaca
ttggtttctg ttctctggct atttgcaaaa cctctcccac 1020 ccttgtgttt
cactccacca ccaaccccag gtaaaaaagt ctccctctct tccactcaca 1080
cccatagcgg gagagacctc atgcagattt gcattgtttt ggagtaagaa ttcaatgcag
1140 cagcttaatt tttctgtatt gcagtgttta taggcttctt gtgtgttaaa
cttgatttca 1200 taaattaaaa acaatggtca gaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaammmag 1260 ggsggcccgg gaaccaattt 1280 41 1918 DNA
Homo sapiens 41 gaattcggca cgaggtagga tgagagagaa agaagaatag
gagatggtta aggttggggc 60 ctggagagct gtacagatat tgatgctatt
cgccaatcca ggacatgcag aaggagcatg 120 catcagcccc gggcccgcag
gaaagaggga gccactcaaa ctaggataat gcacagaggg 180 tgttttcaca
aaggtgtgag cgtggtgtcg gataaaggca ggactaatgc agtaacctag 240
agccagtagc agtggagtga aggagcttct cccatcaccc agccagaaga ccaggaggag
300 aacagctacc tggaccagaa ggagaggtct tgtagagaag ctcccttgag
aggatcccct 360 tctgccaagg gacagccaac ctaggtggtc ttgctgggag
catgacagag gagttaattc 420 cccggtttca tgttcctcct ttcctccact
cctctgaggg ttactagcca aatccaccga 480 aggcagccac caagacatcc
tcacagatca gcctcccagg acacacagca gggcaaagaa 540 ggtggagatg
gatgggaggg gagcaaggag cagatttgga ggagtgcagc atggtcctag 600
gagagcgcca tccctgctgc ccctagctgt gtggccttgg ccaggttacc taacttctct
660 aatcctcaga gagaggttgg ggctgaatac tcaggagtct tcagtggaaa
ggtggatgcc 720 atgggtgtgc tgcgatttcc tggagaaggt gtagcttaga
ggggaactgg ggcaggctga 780 agagtgagag tcagggtacg aggctgggga
ggagccacca cacagtcagc agtagcttcc 840 tcctctggga tcctctagca
ttttctcttt aacttctcac agaagacttt acagatttta 900 ttgccactgc
ttccgtgtgc ctcccatcag agtgtgagca cctttgttcc tcagtccctc 960
aaggccgatg catggtcagc ccttgttagt tgagtgaatg aacaaacaac actgaagaag
1020 ctgcccttga aaaaccgggg catcgttaag ggctttgagc agaggataga
agacagtgga 1080 gggggaggct cakgaggaag tgggatgtca agctgtgggg
cagctgcaag accttgcatg 1140 catttggtgg aaatttcyta ggggctacca
gggggcaggc tgtgcttggg actagaggct 1200 agagaggtgg ggaaggctca
gtctctgtgc tcaagagaca gccctctgga cagagcacgg 1260 cagctcctcc
atgacacagc tgtccacaag cttcggagca cagctccttg ttagtgagtg 1320
gtggtgttag gcaggtgggg aggtggggga agttgaaagg tatcctgggg atgagcaaag
1380 tctgatttgg gggtgaaggg gaacatgcaa caatgaaccc agttcaatgt
ttagggcaaa 1440 cgtttaatgc aggaagcagt gagaggtaag actggagcca
taagcaggca gaagctcgtg 1500 gagacccaag tgcccagatg tggacttttc
cttataggca gtggagctcc ctgaagggtt 1560 ctgaagcaga gaagagcata
catagtcagg tgtgcttctt acctggacta ctgctgaggg 1620 atatttagga
tgcagcatcc tctggatggt tgctataata ataactattg tgacaaagct 1680
tcttcctgtg gagctgttgt gtttgcaaat cggaccaagg tcccaggcat ccaggccatg
1740 gagctaagtt cctagcccag gtctctggtc agggcataag tcattcagtg
tgccaaacct 1800 ctgaaaggta gcccggcccc tttatttacc atactacaca
cagccagttc accttctcct 1860 cctgagcacc tgctcgtgcc gaattcgata
tcaagcttat cgataccgtc gacctcga 1918 42 1268 DNA Homo sapiens SITE
(2) n equals a,t,g, or c 42 gnaggaccgc tctanaatat ggntcccccg
gcgcagattc gcacgagcaa taatgcgggt 60 ccaccttcca taccatcttg
caaccaatta tcagaaagag aaggcctgag cagggggatg 120 tgcattttgc
tttctttcgg cgtacatctc atgctagatt tttatctggg ggcctttgaa 180
gagccagccg gcacagaagc atggtggcaa cgctgtgcct ggaaaactca tcagtgtcac
240 tctggtttat tttcctctcc tctttgagct ctttcccatg gtgtggggct
ctcagtgaca 300 actggccaag cggcggggcg gttgctcgtt gtcattctgg
taggcgctgg tttccggagg 360 gctccgantg cttgtgatat cgcattgttt
ctgagagcgg gagcacgttg gcactggtcc 420 catttcggat gaagaaactg
aggctctggg gattaagatc gtgaactgtg gggatggang 480 aggcayagct
ggagtgaatt gggtgtccag ggttctgttt cgtctcacag aggatgtgcg 540
agggtgtatg tgtgcatttg agaatgtgtg aggttgtgtg tgtttaagaa aatgagaatg
600 aggctgggca cagtggctca tgcctgtaat cccaacactt tgagaggctg
agctgggtgg 660 atgacttgag cccaggagtt caagaccaga ctggggaaca
tggtgatgaa accctgtctc 720 tacaaaaaaa tacaaaaaat tagcagggca
tggcaatcca tgcctgtagt cccagctact 780 tgggargctg argtgggarg
attgcttgaa cccaggagat aaaggctgca gtgagccatg 840 atcgcaccac
tgcactccag cctgggcaac agagtgagac cctgtctcca aaaaaagaaa 900
gaaagaaaat aaaaaggaga gaggttagaa aagggggctg ggcgcggtgc tcacgcctgt
960 aatcccagca ctttgggagg ccgaggcggg cggatcacga ggtcaggaga
tcgagaccat 1020 cctggctaac acggtgaaac cccgtctcta ctaaaaaaaa
atacaaaaaa ttagccgggc 1080 gtggtagcgg gcgcctgtag tcccagctac
tcgggaggct gaggcaggag aatggcgtga 1140 gcccgggagg cggagcttgc
agtgagccga gatcgcgcca ctgcactcca gcctgggcga 1200 cagagcaaga
ctccgtctca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1260
aactcgta 1268 43 1201 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (1192) n equals a,t,g,
or c 43 acccacgcgt ccgaagtaca agtactggtt tagctttatg gttaaaagca
ttggctctag 60 agcagataac acaggctcaa accctagttc tgccgtttac
tggttgtgtt accttgggta 120 ggttacttga cctttttgag cttcagattt
ctaatcttta tttaatgagt tttaataata 180 gaataatagg attgctttga
ggatcaaata agttaataaa ccacttagaa cagtgttcaa 240 taggctggat
ttttgtttgt ttgtttgttt gttgctattc tttttgtgtt atgttttgta 300
tccagcagaa gtggttattt agcttcctat tttatgaggt aggactgatg ggaattgaca
360 gtcttaggaa aaagtacaac tgtaagtcag tggaagtttt tcctagtcaa
gatgtcaaat 420 gccagaggtc ggattcatgt ggcaggatgg ggtccaaact
gtacaaaagc ttggagatga 480 atgaggtgag acagctaagc ttaagacaaa
aaacaatgtg aagttatgtc cttgggcagt 540 gtttgcagta gtatagtgcc
gctttggaaa acttagaaga tgatcctcaa ctgtgtccac 600 tcaaaataga
ttgtgcatct caatgtcata gagtcagaaa tttctaccac tatctgttta 660
aatcatcgtt tatttatatt ccttaaatat tcataccttt cacataagtg agatacatta
720 tttttaaaaa cgcagttttc cttcttgatt ttttcatatt gtcccattat
tctgagaaga 780 gtttatttta tgagaattaa gttattatct tacagaataa
atckgattac ygactagata 840 caagataacc acatattttt cctagaataa
tttaattcca attttactta tttgkacctt 900 atatgactta ttttcaggtt
agaaaaatgt ggtcctacag ttttgttttg aagtttgcct 960 gggccatgtg
aagccaccat tatcatttac gtcaaaaatg aaggttatct gttgcccaag 1020
agaaaaatac agcattctga atttaaaaca ctaaaatagt gagggtttca taagctgttt
1080 cagtgatttc tgaccttggg ttggaaagct ctcatgtctc agttacctca
gtgggtatag 1140 tgacattgtc ccagtctgca ttaccaaatt gtttcaaatc
actttaatta anaaaantaa 1200 a 1201 44 819 DNA Homo sapiens 44
aattccgaac atatccctac aaggtaagac agatataggc tgatgmgtmt ttttmacctt
60 tctcatttgc tgattttcac aggaagaaga attgtgtaac atttatttct
aacagtaaat 120 ggcaaaactt atgtattacc agatactatg tctagtagtg
ttttgttggc tcattcactc 180 attcattcat ttattcaaca aacatttttt
gattgccttt tatgtgccag gccctgccat 240 agatgctagg gactcagcag
tgagcacaac agataaagaa ttctgtcatt gcggagttta 300 cattttagtg
gcaggtgaca gataataagc taaattaaat aagcmaaata tacagtatgt 360
ttaatagcaa taatttctat ggcaaaaaat aaagcaggaa agagtaataa taagtgtttg
420 gaatgatggt cagatagttc tgaatatcac ctgtgcatca ttcttttaag
aggctgtgtt 480 gttttaagtg tattgatata ataattatac tgaaacattg
tgggattcaa ttatttaaaa 540 aaggtctata cactgtgaaa gctgatacac
tcactaacag tggacgtggt taaatgttga 600 cataaacaaa aaataaacga
aggagtagag taatagatct aagacaagtt tggggaaatc 660 tgtgaatctt
aagcttttct ttttttctga gacaggttct tgctctgtca cctaggctgg 720
agtgcattgg cacgatcatg gctcacttca gcctctacct ctccaactca agtaatccgg
780 aattcgatat caagcttatc gataccgtcg acctcgagg 819 45 1566 DNA Homo
sapiens SITE (5) n equals a,t,g, or c 45 tgctntggcc antggntggt
tggggctcgg gttggcgtgg tgtgcaggct gcattgcttt 60 ggccagggaa
gcaggctgaa gcgtgtccca gccctcccgt ggctccacga gacttgcttc 120
cccgttcccc ctgtgaacaa cctgggccac cagctcggtg gtggccaggn ccactcacca
180 cctntttcct ccccacagtg gcatttctgt taacatccag gacttggccc
cgtcctgcgc 240 cggctttctg tttggtgtgg ccaacacagc cggggccttg
gcaggtgtcg tgggtgtgtg 300 tctaggcggc tacttgatgg agaccacggg
ctcctggact tgcctgttca accttgtggc 360 catcatcagc aacctggggc
tgtgcacctt cctggtgttt ggacaggctc agagggtgga 420 cctgagctct
acccatgagg acctctagct cccaacccca cagcctctcc aaggacccag 480
gcgccagcag ccccrggaca caggggactc agtgtgtggg acttggtcac tccatgtcag
540 acacacgagc agagaggaac acaaaccact gtggagcctg aagctcctta
agaagagtcc 600 acaacagctg gtgggagggt ggggtgggcc tgggtccaga
ccaggctcgc tgctctctgg 660 gcctcagttt ccccacctgc cagcgggctc
ggccctgtcc tcctcacagg ctggtgtggc 720 cgtcaggntg ggtggggtta
ttgttagtag gcgcactcat tcccaccacg atctgttccg 780 cgtggttccc
gccaaacctc cctcggtcgc cgtgttctcc gcaagcctcc tgcagcgccc 840
gcctgccaat gtgaggctgg caccaggctg cagctcccca atcccagccc actttgctgt
900 gtctctggcg ggctgtcctc cttggtggga gctgtcctgc acactgtagg
atgcttaaag 960 gtatccctgg cctccaccca yccctagcca gcagctccca
gtcagacaac agccagaaat 1020 gtctccagac tctgcccagc ctccccaggt
agccaccctc gagacaygac ctcagagtct 1080 ctgtgtctcc tagaagcctg
acagagaccc ccagggcagt gggtgggtgg cgggctagag 1140 acccttgcct
gtgtccggga ccctggcgcc gctctcccct cctgtggatc cctccgcact 1200
aacagtgttc tcagtgggca gacgcctggg caccccttgg gccctgccca gcatggccat
1260 ggcgcaggct ctcgaacccg catggctttc ccaggcctgg tgattctgct
ctccagggac 1320 ggttggcacc ttcctcgggg gcgggcccca cgcaccccag
aacacacaga cccacctttc 1380 tggcgttctt tctacctccc ttttcgttgc
ctgaggagct ggtggtttca tgagttaatg 1440 atacatcttg caaggtgtac
acatagagaa aaaaacctaa aaatgtggaa aagcacgcca 1500 aagccttatt
taaataataa ctattaaact attcaaaaag aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaac 1560 tcgtag
1566 46 2094 DNA Homo sapiens 46 gccaccccct tgatcctgta actctatagg
tgccctgcct tctgggtgtt tctcatcagg 60 gctgtagatc atgaaggctc
agatgctctt aagcctggcc tggccccttc ccctgagcac 120 agctaacagc
tgcctaccgc agtttccaag gggattgtat tctgctcact actgtcccag 180
ttgtttgctt ttcttggagg ctctaagtta aggaagcact gggtggcaaa cttagagttt
240 cctaagcatc cttcagtatt cttgctaagt tgtgttctca aaggcaggcc
ctcccaggtg 300 cctttggctc agtgggagag gagaactgga ggagctgact
ctgtctccaa caagctccgg 360 ggctgtgagc aagccctgcc cttccctgaa
agtgcagaat ccccctgtct gcactccaca 420 gccacccttt ttagatggga
aggaaaggga tttgccaaag ttcagttgat gtggartggc 480 gctgggactc
acatcctaat tttctgacac ttaagccaat agtctttctt cgtgaaaatg 540
taccttgtgt ttagaggctc tctgatgttc attctggttg gtttcagggg tgtctgaktg
600 catcatcatg ggaatcccaa tgaacattgg aaccgggctc ttcaagctgc
ttcacaaggc 660 tgmcagggac ccgaaccctc ccaagaggcc cctgatcttc
gacacaaatg aattccacat 720 cccccttgtc acatagtcca aagaaagagg
ggaccatgcc tgaccttgac tccttgtcct 780 gtctccagct gatgtataaa
gagttttgtg ctccctggga cgggggtcct gaggtcccca 840 cctatgccag
caatcagaga agccctcttg gcatccccag gagcagcttc tcctctgata 900
gggtgcagct cacaccagtg accctgactg tgccacgctg ctcgggagag ctgagggttt
960 tattgtttgc ttgcttgaaa cctaatctat agacggcccc acagctcstg
cacacactgc 1020 ttccctggac ttaaagccca gccaggtgtc atggtccatc
ccagctcact gcatacatcc 1080 atcggctccc catggtgtct tcacacctga
cgatgagcca ggcctgagcc ccacacaggc 1140 cagggcacat tcttggattt
tccattcctt ggtcatgctg gaatctctca atgtgacata 1200 cttatgtaaa
tattgttact attatttatt tgttccattt gagggatttg gaatttttgt 1260
tattttagtt ttatttttga aaccaagcat ctatagaaac caagaaagtc agcatgtaag
1320 cgtcactgga aaaactggtt taagcaaata gagccgtctg ggatttgtaa
ctgaggtgca 1380 actgtcatga ggcccaggca gctctgtaac atcttctata
gatgcccctg gctaccctgt 1440 tgttttcatc tacctcagac ccctatcatg
gggctctacc ctgtgacaag agccaaaccc 1500 attctccatg gcctatggaa
gcctcactgg agtttggggc ctgctgcaat ggggatgaga 1560 tggttttttg
tagaattata cttacgttcc ttggatgatc tctagttgat tttttaagtt 1620
ctgagttgat gctgttaagg tacccggggt agccattggt tcttggatct gtgttagaat
1680 gagtgctttc ccttcctact gatgtgattg tggattagga attcgtgacc
gagtgatttt 1740 tggccagtgg ttgggtttaa aattctatta aaatttgtag
tttgggctgg gtgctgtggc 1800 tcatacctat aatcccagca ctttgggagg
ccgagggggg cagatcactt gagcccagga 1860 gttcgagagc agcctgggca
acatgacgaa accccgtctc tactaaaaaa aatataaaaa 1920 ttagctgggc
acggtggcag gcacctgtaa tcccagctac tcgggaggct gaggcaggag 1980
aatctcttga acctgggagg cagaggttgc agtgagccga gattgcacca ctgcactcta
2040 gcctgagcaa cagagcagga tccgtctcaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaact cgag
2094 47 956 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (319) n equals a,t,g, or c 47
gtgagaatga aagaagacac aaataactat taagccagga caagagattc ctgataaatc
60 aggaaatatg gtcatactac tttgaatgta gttatctatt aaatgtgtct
cttgtcattc 120 aactgtaaag ctgtgttaag tttgagcctt atttctctta
gcttcctttg ttgcctggaa 180 ttgtgtctgg cacgttgtgg tggcagaaga
aatgttagtg cccctttaaa aatgttcatt 240 atttaaacat atactatatt
gatgtagaac tcataccatc ccatttgggg ccttttatga 300 gccattttct
cagtatacna awgtagaaca atgagcttaa ttatakgctt gtgtaatgat 360
aataactagc ttttaccagc acagcctgtt ccaaggctaa ggctaacgat tttacttgag
420 ttctcttata tatttctcac aacagacctc acaggtaggt aatattattg
gtcttattaa 480 actagaagaa aagataggtt tagaaaaaac tttgtttaga
gtcacctaac taattatgca 540 gcagaatttk gatttgaact ccagactctg
actccgtaca ccagtctcct aaatgttaga 600 agaactgcta taaaattttg
gaaaagagga tttaaaaaac attaatagtg gctgggcacg 660 gtggctcccg
cctgtaatcc cagcgctttg ggaggctggg gcgggcggat cacctgaggt 720
caggagttca agaccagcct ggccgacatg gtgaaaccct gtctctacta aaaatacaaa
780 aattagccag gcgtggtggt gggcgcctgt aatcccagct actcaggagg
ctgaaggagg 840 agagaatcac ttgaactcag gagaggaaga ttgcagtgag
ccaagattgc accactgcac 900 tccagcctgt gtgacagagc gagacgctct
ctcaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa actcga 956 48 1859 DNA Homo sapiens 48
gggcggcggc cagaggsctg cccggctccc ggaagcaggc tgtgaggggc gggagcgctg
60 ctggaacccg agccggagcc ggagccacag cggggagggt ggcctggcgg
cctggagccg 120 gacgtgtccg gggcgtcccc gcagaccggg gcagcaggtc
gtccgggggc ccaccatgct 180 ggtgactgcc taccttgctt ttgtaggcct
cctggcctcc tgcctggggc tggaactgtc 240 aagatgccgg gctaaacccc
ctggaagggc ctgcagcaat ccctccttcc ttcggtttca 300 actggacttc
tatcaggtct acttcctggc cctggcagct gattggcttc aggcccccta 360
cctctataaa ctctaccagc attactactt cctggaaggt caaattgcca tcctctatgt
420 ctgtggcctt gcctctacag tcctctttgg cctagtggcc tcctcccttg
tggattggct 480 gggtcgcaag aattcttgtg tcctcttctc cctgacttac
tcactatgct gcttaaccaa 540 actctctcaa gactactttg tgctgctagt
ggggcgagca cttggtgggc tgtccacagc 600 cctgctcttc tcagccttcg
aggcctggta tatccatgag cacgtggaac ggcatgactt 660 ccctgctgag
tggatcccag ctacctttgc tcgagctgcc ttctggaacc atgtgctggc 720
tgtagtggca ggtgtggcag ctgaggctgt agccagctgg atagggctgg ggcctgtagc
780 gccctttgtg gctgccatcc ctctcctggc tctggcaggg gccttggccc
ttcgaaactg 840 gggggagaac tatgaccggc agcgtgcctt ctcaaggacc
tgtgctggag gcctgcgctg 900 cctcctgtcg gaccgccgcg tgctgctgct
gggcaccata caagctctat ttgagagtgt 960 catcttcatc tttgtcttcc
tctggacacc tgtgctggac ccacacgggg cccctctggg 1020 cattatcttc
tccagcttca tggcagccag cctgcttggc tcttccctgt accgtatcgc 1080
cacctccaag aggtaccacc ttcagcccat gcacctgctg tcccttgctg tgctcatcgt
1140 cgtcttctct ctcttcatgt tgactttctc taccagccca ggccaggaga
gtccggtgga 1200 gtccttcata gcctttctac ttattgagtt ggcttgtgga
ttatactttc ccagcatgag 1260 cttcctacgg agaaaggtga tccctgagac
agagcaggct ggtgtactca actggttccg 1320 ggtacctctg cactcactgg
cttgcctagg gctccttgtc ctccatgaca gtgatcgaaa 1380 aacaggcact
cggaatatgt tcagcatttg ctctgctgtc atggtgatgg ctctgctggc 1440
agtggtggga ctcttcaccg tggtaaggca tgatgctgag ctgcgggtac cttcacctac
1500 tgaggagccc tatgcccctg agctgtaacc ccactccagg acaagatagc
tgggacagac 1560 tcttgaattc cagctatccg ggattgtaca gatctctctg
tgactgactt tgtgactgtc 1620 ctgtggtttc tcctgccatt gctttgtgtt
tgggaggaca tgatgggggt gatggactgg 1680 aaagaaggtg ccaaaagttc
cctctgtgtt actcccattt agaaaataaa cacttttaaa 1740 tgatcaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aagggcggcc gctctagagg atccctcgag gggcccaagc 1800
ttacgcgtgc atgcgacgtc atagctctct ccctatagtg agtcgtatta taagctagg
1859 49 1461 DNA Homo sapiens 49 aattcggcac gagttttgct ctgtttacat
agctttatac ctttttatat actaaattga 60 aatggatagg tagaagcaat
attttcagaa ttggtcattg tcctgaataa aatgagccac 120 tgtgttctct
caggcaccat gcaagctcac ccaatattca tataccacaa aagggtgttt 180
ttcctgctta agtttatatt
ctatatcata ttctgttttt tttttctgga tatttccact 240 ttatattgtt
ctctttcaac attttgtaag aagtagtatt cctattctct gctgttacaa 300
agactatgaa aatacatgca actcatttaa agaaacaggt ggatgtctgg aagttttctc
360 tacctaacac tttcacatat aaaatttatg atgkttggkt tctatggtaw
ttaacattgg 420 caagaaaaaa taactcccaa tgaagtaact aagaccactt
gttcyagtyc ttcctgtagt 480 ggaaagagrt agagaagagt gatagtaaca
aagtattctc attactctag aacagagatt 540 gscaaacatt tttctgtaaa
ggsccagatg gwatatactt ttggcttcgt ggsccatagg 600 gtctctgtta
aaactgctca actctgtctt tggggtggga aagcagcagt agacactttg 660
taaatgaatg ggaatggctg tgttccaata aaactttatt tacaaaaata ggctgtgggc
720 agcatttagc ctgtgttctg tagtttgccc atccctgctc tataaaaaga
gtaggaaact 780 atgccccagg gccaaatcca gcctgaagcc tgtttttgtt
tggtcacaga gctaggaatg 840 gtttatttgt tttcaaagag ttgttaaagg
aggagaggga agaggagagg aaggaaaagg 900 tagaagagga gaggaaggga
gagaaatagg aagaggaaga agaggaagaa aaccttatgt 960 ggcccacaaa
gcgtaaaagt tgaccatttg gacctctatg gaaaaagtct gttagatctt 1020
gctctgagag attgtttact tgtaacttcc ttgataattt caacttatgg atttgatttt
1080 gtgctcattt tctattttcc tatgcttata gtcttcgtaa tatgaagcaa
gtaagtttat 1140 tagtcagata aaatacagaa tttaaaattt tggtaatgta
ttggctatca gaaaaaatac 1200 tgattgcttt ctatgtcact ttattctttt
gaaatttgag attttataag aaattttgaa 1260 aatgtatatt attctcttgt
cttgaaaatg tttttaagtg ggaatataag aaacaaggat 1320 gtgttgctgc
ttaattctgt gcctgaactt tggagtcttc tgatctgtgt ttgggacaga 1380
gaatgctcta gctatgctaa aaccttttca ataattgtaa cgttgtttga tgttagcaaa
1440 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaactcgt a 1461 50 1238 DNA Homo sapiens 50
ccctcacatc agggaaaatg accttcactg ctgttaacag taatgkgtcc ctttcatttt
60 ctggatcaag ccttctcagc ggtgggtctg gatgtgggta aactaaggta
aaggggatga 120 tattccacaa actaattatg cacacagaaa atctgtggag
cctatcagac cccaagtgtc 180 ttgaaatgtt tgtagaaacc cactaaaatg
ccccttctct gggtgtgggc ccttattgca 240 gctgtctcac agcctgagct
gtggtacaga gaaatggggg ttctcctttt attttcattt 300 tttttcccca
atggcagctt ttctcccgtt gttttacctt cctatttccc aaacagttcc 360
tcttattttg tcttttgcac cagtttctgg aggcccttgt catttcaaaa aggatagtct
420 cttttcttac tctggcaaac ctgtgagtga ttccacaaag atacagtatt
acttagctaw 480 ctgaattatg atagaaaagg tcctagttag gttcctatat
aaagcatttg gaagatgacc 540 ttgttgccct tgaaacttga aaatagggat
tctggggtga ggatacaaag acattgtctt 600 gcatatccat aagcaggtct
tagagcatta ttccaaactc tagctgtttc agtagttcta 660 tgaggattgc
aagtcatagg tgtgtgtggc atatcagtcc atctccctca tctccattct 720
cagtttcttc cccacaaaat ttggaatcaa agcttttatg acgtttgcca attgcagaac
780 ttcttcagct aaggttaatt tgacgctatg ataaaactga gagatgtcaa
aaagcctctt 840 agaaatttta atcttgaaag acttttcagg gtatctcatt
ttttaggtgg gggtggcagg 900 tgtatttctt ttttaacaaa taaaaggcat
ttaagtaaaa ctaaaatgaa aaaagtaggc 960 cttctgacat tgtgtacttg
gtggttctgt ccctctgcct gtaacaaatc tcatttttgt 1020 taccaagaac
tgtatgaaag aagtaaatcc accccgattc tgtatgatta attccatctg 1080
tgtttgtcat ttctgactgg aaaacttctt actccatacc ttgttcgata tggaggacaa
1140 ataattggat tgtctgataa gtctgccaat aaactatcca gaaatagcaa
gtgtaaaaaa 1200 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa gggcggcc 1238 51
2581 DNA Homo sapiens 51 gctgacattg atacaggtca aaatgcgtag
atgctttttg gtgttggaaa taagtgtctg 60 tcttatggtc atcattgtct
tcttagattt ttgggtaggg gggccaggta gggggagact 120 cagaaataaa
agcgttcccc agataacttc aatctggaaa gaattttttg tatagagtcc 180
atctctccct caagactgac cacaggtttc atgagaaggt ccctgaaaac atcacatttc
240 tctgaagaac catcaacttg tcttttcttg aaccacagga atggttctac
agaccctact 300 ataattcttc acatttcaga acccatgttt aatggaggga
agagagaaat gcatggggaa 360 aagaacacct ccttttctcc tttctcttaa
attcaaagac gtttgctttg ggaatgccct 420 cacttctccc tattcacagg
cttctaaaat cattaattta ctcaaggcac atgtgccttc 480 tttgccccaa
atgcatcact ttccttttag ttatggctga ttttgggtgt gtgtgtgtaa 540
gacatgcagt caacaaygag atgaaggcca ttgcatagat ctcatgcaga tagtgatgga
600 ttcagaaagt aggttccagt ggcgtcacta ccttcttgta agccagtata
cactggctat 660 ttgtggaaat ctctttggga gatcaaatag agtattatgc
cactgtgagt gtttataaac 720 tggaaggaac aagtacctgt gtttcttggg
acacaaagca ctcagatcct gagtggatgc 780 agacatgaga gtaaatgtca
gcccaaatta ggcccctcga cctacagaca tttcatgggt 840 tttatttaat
cacaccccat ggtttggggc tacatgagga agttggtaat gagctgaatt 900
tcttattcag tggaaaaaac tgaaactgtc taaaaacacg ggatatattt tagaggcaat
960 tgtggaagcg gagagaatga gatgatggtg ttcagaggga ccagcttctt
tttcagttgt 1020 ctttagaact caagaataat caataattta gtgccccttc
aacagccata ctcagcaaga 1080 agaatcagaa gcttgatcct ctaacagaaa
tagaagaggg tagctttgcc cattgccact 1140 gtctttactg ccccttctgc
ccctccaccc acatccacat tcagcatcac tccaaggatg 1200 tgtcagcatc
ttgcccatgc aggtagaaat ttgtgagtag gcctccatac ttcctcgggg 1260
gaagaaagag aaactagtgc tggttttaag aatgtagctg gcttttcatc agaaccctta
1320 tgctaacctg accacacttg ctctcgggga agttcaagcc tgtgatgtgc
ataaactcca 1380 acaagcctgg ctttggtgtt cagcatgcac attccataaa
tatctcttgc aggcataccc 1440 cacagctaga ctgcaggatt aaaataactt
ccaaaaggtg ctggattgga gtttgttcaa 1500 atttctcatt aaccactaat
gttaattcat accaaatgca aagtattcta aaccagctga 1560 tgctgtcagt
gttcaagttt taagtgactt caaacacaat ggaagtgttt caatgggagc 1620
cagatctcat gagtaaaaat ccattttata atagctctgt gatatatcag tgggagatga
1680 ttcatagggg agagatttga acaagcagaa ttaagtgtta gcaaaaatgc
tgcattgctt 1740 tgattcatgt ttaaagacct aaatttctat gcacaaggaa
taaagggcct acttaccaag 1800 tgtaaatcac aacataggct accaaaatat
ttcttatttg ctaggagaac aaagctgtca 1860 cggtgcatga tagttggaca
gagatggcta aaaaagaggc aaattcagat ttggaaacag 1920 ggtggcctct
tcattattta ttgccaagat ctgaaaatct tcaacatctt ataagacaac 1980
aatgaagtag cccctgaaca gcatggagtt gctgtgagtt tgttcgttgc agacctttgt
2040 gttgggtcct gggaatctga gctttgttcc ctgtgcatgg tggataattg
aaaccaagag 2100 gacatgggat agaccttgtg acagaccaat tctgtgaccc
ctgtcttctg ggtcacatta 2160 ttcattgttg atttaaatac aggactacca
aacagtacaa atctatcatg agtctggtag 2220 aaaagtaaaa gtaaaagctg
cacacgttac atactgttta ttgttctaat gtacaactaa 2280 ctatttgcat
ataatgtgat ttaatttatt gctgttttgt gtagaaaagg agaactaatg 2340
actgtggata taacccatgt tttgtataat atattttatt tcttgtgcga actggtcatt
2400 taaaatatct acttcatttg atgtttggat ataaatgtgt atgtgtcctt
gtaaatgttt 2460 ctatcaagca agaatgccac gtactcagag tataacaatg
tgttctcatt aaaaaataca 2520 tcccaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa agggcggccg 2580 c 2581 52 991 DNA Homo
sapiens 52 gaaactttgt attttggtag cactacatag aaaatgtgtt ttagatttat
gatgatcata 60 tttctcacca atgtaatttc agtctcagca gtgattttca
aacttaggga aagggacagc 120 attagatttt tttttttttt cattttttta
aaatgatatc ttacctgaaa ctacaaacga 180 caaaagagaa ttagaaatgt
ttgaattaaa gtgaagaagg gttgggggag atgggcctga 240 acccacttcc
tgtctcaatc catgctaccc caaacactcc agggaacctc tgaggtttta 300
ttgggtgcac tttgaaaatt tctcttctat agtgtgtttg tttgatttta aatcacagag
360 aaaactgggt tttactctta gagaaacatt ttcatccagt tttttagttt
gcttcatttg 420 acttcctaaa tcatttttga gttcacaagg atttggtact
tttctgttta gctttctctc 480 tctaagcttt atctacctta aaaacaaagt
ccttttttta atggccagtc caaccaattg 540 atttctcaaa ctgaagtgcc
caggtgtgga ctcatcaatt tccgttagaa tagggacatc 600 ctacttaaga
gttggtgcag ctccaaggag ctgacttgtc cttgcttggg gttttttttt 660
ttttttcttt caccttctca agtttccatg gcctttgtgt gttcttttta tgttgattta
720 aattcatatg gttttccaca aatcccttct ttggctacat tgtctcctta
ttcaatggat 780 tatccctttg tgggggctgc ttattttaaa gatgttgggg
gggaaacaaa cccaaatcta 840 cgagcagtag ttgcacatag ttgccagttt
taccttctta gtcattagat ttccaaacca 900 tgttgcagtt ttttggtcca
gatatagtat ttctttctaa taaagtttta tgttgctgct 960 ctaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa aaaactcgta g 991 53 2422 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (388) n
equals a,t,g, or c 53 aggcccttct ggaacacagc agggcctaca acgaggggcc
tttgcaatgg gctgtgagga 60 tgggggtggt gggaagaatt ggccacgttg
gagaccccat gccaccccac catggtgagt 120 gctctgtgcc tcctgctcac
ctgtggtgag ctgggcgagc tgggcgagct gggcgagctg 180 ggctggggag
agcctgtgag gaccgagagg agaaatgaga agaaggaaca aaaatattat 240
ttctatgtaa tttatatttt acttatgcca aattatttat gataatttgc cattgctata
300 ctgtaccagt gtcaaatgct gcagcctgcc aagctgtgat tttgtgaggc
ttgtccctat 360 gtaggatgca ccgcaggccc ctggcacntg aaagagtgtg
cagtggactg tgggtctccc 420 atatgcggtg ccgcccaaag gtggctttgc
ctcaagcaac ctaccctgat gttttactca 480 ttggaatgtt tttccccgat
tgtggatgac ttcttttctg atggagagag tccaggaggg 540 atggaaaack
cctggattta agctcagcat cccccacatg ggcttttcga tcatcttcag 600
gcctgaagct gcacgacctg aagttcgcct gcatttatca gccctctttg tgctgctcct
660 tgccaccttg gggttcctgc tggggaccat gtgtggttgt ggcatgtgtg
agcagaaggg 720 aggatgagga aaaagagaag aaaccccggt actgacaagc
tgtttttgag tgccactgtt 780 tgccatcatc taagccactg aatcaagtgt
atttcaggct tatttcaaca ttccaatgcc 840 ctggttttcc tgcttgaatc
tgttcgtggt caaaggtttg ggggaatttg tgaccctgga 900 acatccccag
agtgaaagat ggagctgggc cacatcagaa taaggccttg gccccatcct 960
ctcacagcct aggtgctctg caggcatgct gactgtcctg attgcgatcc agcccgaaat
1020 tccctcctct gctttcaaaa gtcaaatccc ccattcttag gccacactgg
tgtcacaagc 1080 tcctgtcagg gagctggggt ttgggaatgt gctttgtgaa
ctctgcttta aagtgagggg 1140 ccgaggaaaa cttagaaaca ggcagagttg
gaagcagcca aatcacagtg ggtgttgtgt 1200 gtgtgtgcgt gtgtgcatgc
gtgcgtgtat gcgtgtgtga aagcaggtgg accattccac 1260 tttttagctc
ctattgatgc accaaaccaa gtgcctcatt tctgtgccaa atgtttgcct 1320
tggtcgttgt ggacctcctt ctctaacttg cggtggcatg actgtcagga ggtgctggca
1380 ttttcagcag atcctcatgt gttgaccctg atgtctttag cagaggcctc
tagcatctcg 1440 gtttttcatc cactgcagga atgtggccac agggagcaga
ggtttgtact ttccccaaga 1500 ggtcctcatc ctgagacggt ctctacccat
gtttaaccca aagagtgcag gccaggttcc 1560 ttatccttct gatgaaggat
gagagagctc atttagaagt cagagcaaac tagggtctca 1620 gtattgagaa
acgcagcctg ccagggaatc acagagacat cggggtgccc gcgatggccc 1680
tcatgaagcc atgcctcgac ggcattcagg aagccctgca aacgtgcttt ttgaactcat
1740 tggccaggtg tgatttttac acaaggtaaa cgtggtcaag ggcatcgggg
aatttgctcc 1800 aagcagatag ctccctctga ggaaccaaag gaagcaagtt
tccacgattt ctgaagagct 1860 ggtataggaa gtttctttct tccttttgtg
ttacatgtgc attaaacaga acaagctgtg 1920 tgtcatcaca gattgtactg
tgggctcaga aaccgtgaga gagcccccac cgtggacacc 1980 ggctctaggg
ccacaggaaa aggaacgttt ccaggcattt tgtctccagg gctcccgctg 2040
gacaggcacg tactgccctg gggagtaaat gcggagagtt cacgaactgt gcccaacgca
2100 tgttatagcc agggtcctac taactactca gtaaaagaac gtattgttgt
attcctccag 2160 tgttaagcta tagccatgtt aaaagtcact gtgcatttat
tctcagcatc aaataccttg 2220 taacgtcttc tctgccttgt tagtgcatat
ttttactttt ctgatactgt aaagaatata 2280 tccagtatgt aaatgaatgt
tctataaatc ttttgtatag tcattttctc tgctccttaa 2340 atatcatctc
tattcagagt ataataaaat tatgaacttg gtaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2400
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaactc ga 2422 54 985 DNA Homo sapiens 54 gtcggcacga
gtaataaaat ctaacacctg cttagagacc attcttgtag tggacacaaa 60
gtgccagcct ctaatactcc ttccttactc ttcatggaaa ccttgaagag tgattaaaaa
120 tagtactgtt tatgtctctg accacagagc cagtcatttt cagcacttaa
ctgaaattgc 180 tcatgatagt gtttctaaca atggccacat aagtggcaaa
tcccttaaga attttgccct 240 ctcagcaggt ggcaatctgc cacctttatc
tgatcatttc tctcctcctt tggcattgta 300 gacaccattt tttcctggtt
atgaccctac ttctctttat cttctttgtc gattgctttt 360 ccactccagg
gagttctgtg tttgacacac aggaggtgtg ggtagttgtt tactctgtaa 420
ataagttgtt agccgtgcag cactgccaag gaattgcacc aaatgtgtat gcattagcag
480 ttaagaagag cgtgtgcaat gttagtgaat ggagtctggt catttgtcat
ccaatgccta 540 tttagcacct gttatgtgac agataacagg ccggcactcg
gatcataacc cggagcaaca 600 tagtcagaaa caaacacaat ttctctcctt
ggtaagcctg gtctgttggg aggtttgata 660 agtaaaaaga agactgagar
gccgggagcg gtgctcasgc ctgtaatccc agtactttgg 720 gaggccgarg
tgggtggawc acctgaggtc aggarttcaa gaccagcctg gccaacatga 780
taaaaccccg tctctactaa aaatmcaaaa cctagccarg catggtggca ggcgcctata
840 atcccagcta ctcgggggct gaggcagaag aatcgcttga acccgggagg
cagaggttgc 900 agtaagccga gatagcacca tcgcactcca gcctagggga
caagagcaag acttcatctc 960 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaac tcgag 985 55 932
DNA Homo sapiens SITE (888) n equals a,t,g, or c 55 aattcggcac
gaggagcatc gctacttcaa ggccaatgac acgctgggct tcatgcttat 60
gttggctgtg ctcatggcag ctacccatgc tgtctacggc aagctgctcc tcttcgagta
120 tcgtcaccgc aagatgaagc cagtgcagat ggtgccagcc atcagccaga
actggacatt 180 ccatggtccc ggggccaccg gccaggctgc tgccaactgg
atcgccggct ttggccgtgg 240 gccatgccac caaccctgct gggtatccgg
cagaatgggc atgcagccag ccggcggcta 300 ctgggcatgg acgaggtcaa
gggtgaaaag cagctgggcc gcatgttcta cgcgatcaca 360 ctgctctttc
tgctcctctg gtcaccctac atcgtggcct gctactggcg agtgtttgtr 420
aaagcctgtg ctgtgcccca ccgctacctg gccactgctg tttggatgag cttcgcccag
480 gctgccgtca acccaattgt ctgcttcctg ctcaacaagg acctcaagaa
gtgcctgagg 540 actcaygccc cctgctgggg cacaggaggt gccggctccc
agagaaccct actgtgtcat 600 gtgaagcagg ctggtaggca gacaggcaga
gagaaggtca tggccaccgt gatggggcca 660 acagcaaggg aggggtaggg
gcccatacag gagtcctcct ttctgagctc agccccagcc 720 cctcgaacca
cctgtaatct aggcaccttt gccaacacct yccaaggatg gaggactggg 780
cgagggactg ggaaagaggc atatttagtt ttgtggggcc tgtctccgct gcctccttct
840 ccacttctac aatctcattc tctctctctc tctctctgtc tctctctntn
tntctgtgtc 900 tcagaagtga caattcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa 932 56 957 DNA
Homo sapiens 56 gcatttctgc tcctgatctg ccctgtcgat ttctaaccat
cagggctttt tcatgttatt 60 actgatgctt gtraacacgt ctgctgtagc
ctgcactcac ggaggcagag ggccgtgggg 120 gaactctgca gcccaagctt
gcgccgcgct cgcccgtggc ccaggcagga cccttccgcg 180 gcctcccagt
ggcagccaca ggtgctggtt ggtttgctga rctatcacgg gtggggtggg 240
cagcgtctga gtccttgccc gagaagcatc tgctgtgtgt ccacgaggca cctggagggg
300 gccagatcca aggcacaggg ccctgctgca tggctccaca tggaagttcg
agtcccccgt 360 gtccagccgc cggccctgca ggtgcccagc agctctgaca
aagcggggca gggccgctgg 420 ggtgtccctg gacagcgggg cctggtgggc
aggggaggag gctgcaaggt gacacccagt 480 ttgccttgca gacgtacgga
gcgcaagagg acggcagcgt cggcgaaggt gacctgtcct 540 gcatcctcaa
gacggccctg ggggtggcag agctcaccgt gaccgaccta ttccgagcca 600
ttgaccaaga ggagaagggg aagatcacat tcggtgagcc cgcaggagtg gggtcgtcct
660 cgcgaccctt gggcgggggc tgggcagagt gtggggcgag tctccgtggg
agcccaggac 720 aggagtggag tccccgccat gcctccattc accaggctgc
cctgtgtaac aaagaaaccc 780 ctgagaagga aggttctgga gacctggcag
ggttcgtagg gagctttcca atctgatttg 840 ttttggcgat ttatacaacc
aaactccaag cccagttccg aagctctgag ccttccatgg 900 cctcaggctg
ggattcaggt gcctggaggt gggggatacc cgcacccagc cctcgag 957 57 1433 DNA
Homo sapiens 57 ggcagagcac ttatgtkttt ggcattctcc gtcatcattc
tggccggggc gggcagttct 60 aggagttgga actcagtcct ggtggaaaag
gaagtcgtgg agggagggct agggccgtgg 120 gggaactgct ctgctgagcc
tcttcctcac ctgctgcttc ctaggactaa cctgaaggct 180 aaggtaccag
gctgaagtca gtgctcagaa aaccaatcgt cattctttgg ggtttttttt 240
cttgaagagc cactttctct ttaccttgtt ctagcctgtt ggaggtaggg tttctgcaat
300 tccaaaggcc gtacacagcc tctcaccatc agaccacttt ttaaggctct
tcgttcatac 360 ctagctcgaa gattcacttc ctcaggaagc cattttagtt
acaaatctgg gaaaacttaa 420 aatgctttca ttgtgccatg ttttctgttg
cagcttcagt accgtaccta gtggtcaggc 480 atacttacaa gtttcttttt
acagtaaccc cttgtggaca tctaataaat ggtcattatt 540 ttttagtact
agtttgtttt cctgaacact gtaagatctg tgactgacgt ttgatacctt 600
aaagcagtgc catataataa ctacccacta tttgttcttt atttctgtca gataaaaatg
660 ttctatgtag tgtctacagt catttttttt ttaactagaa tttagatttg
gaagtagttt 720 ttctattagt tgatttgcat gaaatacaaa attaggaaaa
ggcttattcc acctcaacct 780 agttgaacta ttaatgattt tttttttttt
ttgaggattt gggctctttc tagatagaaa 840 atcaccctga acttctagct
ttgcattgtg aagtgagcat catgaagatg agaaaatgtt 900 gggagatcat
ttttgcaaag ggcataatag tcggcattca gatatgagtt aactgcagag 960
ggaaaattgc aagctgtcat gttggccttg ttcctctcaa ccttctggta acctaacaag
1020 ctcctacagg ttgtatgtga aattgcaaga tgattatata gccctgttga
atttacaacc 1080 agatcttgct ttcaaaccat tattagccaa gggtttgatt
ccacacctgt gttcatggat 1140 tttttggtat tagacattgc tgtaactctg
ttttcacttt ttcatctgtt atcttggctc 1200 acttaaggga gaaggtatca
gcagcctagg accacttggt ttctgttttt atgtttcata 1260 gttcatggct
gataaaaatt acctgtcctt aggccgagtg cagtgcctca cacctgtaat 1320
cccagcactt tgggaggccg aggtgagtag atcacctgag atcaggagtt cgagaccagc
1380 ctggacaaca agagcaaaac tccatctcca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaact cga
1433 58 1940 DNA Homo sapiens SITE (5) n equals a,t,g, or c 58
tcganccacg cgtccgcgga cgctgggcgc aacaaagcct tctacttgag cagtttttcc
60 atcactgata tgtgcaggaa atgaagacat tgcctgccat gcttggaact
gggaaattat 120 tttgggtctt cttcttaatc ccatatctgg acatctggaa
catccatggg aaagaatcat 180 gtgatgtaca gctttatata aagagacaat
ctgaacactc catcttagca ggagatccct 240 ttgaactaga atgccctgtg
aaatactgtg ctaacaggcc tcatgtgact tggtgcaagc 300 tcaatggaac
aacatgtgta aaacttgaag atagacaaac aagttggaag aagagaagaa 360
catttcattt ttcatctacr ytttgaacca gtgcttccta atgacaatgg gtcataccgc
420 tgttctgcaa attttcagtc taatctcatt gaaagccact caacaactct
ttatgtgaca 480 ggtgagttct caacacctag accatctgat atttttctta
taatgtttcc aggaagaggg 540 gggttcagtt tctcaagtga ttatgttaga
aagccaactc ctatagcaca tctgaaatct 600 gctacacctc acagattgtt
atgtgccagt gtgtacatat gtgtgtgtat gtgtgcgttt 660 gargtgagtg
agatagagga gagtagakaa atagatagta aaagttattg tttttgactt 720
tagggattat aaaatttatt tgataagtcc aaaagtagac cactgaaata ttgaaaaaat
780 tataaagtga atacctatag ttgcgaatag ctctgtgatt gcttgtcctt
ctttgttgtt 840 ttttttttct ctttttccca tttttctctt ctttactttt
gttcattaca atttcttgaa 900 gttatgtttg tggtgcttag gcaattaaac
acttcttaat agttcacagt ttgtttagag 960 gaaaaacagc aaacaactaa
ctgacttcct agtgattttc tgggaatatt cagagyttca 1020 tctytyttcc
ctgttccccg aaagaggcct ttaatatgct ttgacaactg aggaaggaca 1080
gatagaagtt aagcttgggg aaaccaagct gaataaaaca tgaaaaaata catagggggg
1140 gagtaggtaa gagtaaaaaa tacttggttt ataaaaattt tatagccaac
atcatattca 1200 atggtgaaag gcttagagct ttccccctaa gaacaggaac
aagacatgga tccttgcttt 1260 tgccatttcc atttaacatt aaactgaaaa
ttctagccag agcaaacagg caagaacaag 1320 aaataaaaga tatctaactt
agaaaaaaag aagtaaaact ttattcacag atggcatgaa 1380 cttatgtgta
gaaaaattct taaaaatttg tttaaaacta ttaaagctaa tacatgaatt 1440
tagcaattcc acatgataca ggatcaacac acmaaaatca gtgatatttc tatacactag
1500 caataaacaa tccacaaaga aaattaagga aacagttcca tttacaatag
catcaaaatg 1560 aataaaatat ttnagtacaa atttaaccaa agaggtataa
gagttgtaca ctgaacaaag 1620 aaagcatggc tgaaagaaat tcaagaatat
gtaaataaat gcaaagacat tctgtattca
1680 tggactgaaa gatgtaatat tgtaaagata gcaatattcc ccaaggtgat
ctacagattc 1740 aatgcagttc cactaaaatc ctaacagctt tttgttgcta
ttgcagaaat aaaaaagctg 1800 atcctaaaat tcacattgag ttgcaacaga
cccagaattg ccaaaacaat cttgaaaaag 1860 aacaaaactg aagctaagac
ttccctattt caaaacttac tacaaaatga cagttaaaaa 1920 aaaaaaaaaa
gggcggccgc 1940 59 1715 DNA Homo sapiens 59 gggagttggc agcggggttg
ggtggagctg ccatctgctt aagacagccc cttgaccgtg 60 ctgcccgaag
atggatatgg ctctgactcc cacctctctt cccaggtcgt ccgggggccc 120
accatgctgg tgactgccta ccttgctttt gtaggcctcc tggcctcctg cctggggctg
180 gaactgtcaa gatgccgggc taaaccccct ggaagggcct gcagcaatcc
ctccttcctt 240 cggtttcaac tggacttcta tcaggtctac ttcctggccc
tggcagctga ttggcttcag 300 gccccctacc tctataaact ctaccagcat
tactacttcc tggaaggtca aattgccatc 360 ctctatgtct gtggccttgc
ctctacagtc ctctttggcc tagtggcctc ctcccttgtg 420 gattggctgg
gtcgcaagaa ttcttgtgtc ctcttctccc tgacttactc actatgctgc 480
ttaaccaaac tctctcaaga ctactttgtg ctgctagtgg ggcgagcact tggtgggctg
540 tccacagctg ctcttctcag ccttcgaggc ctggtatatc catgagcacg
tggaacggca 600 tgacttccct gctgagtgga tcccagctac ctttgctcga
gctgccttct ggaaccatgt 660 gctggctgta gtggcaggtg tggcagctga
ggctgtagcc agctggatag ggctggggct 720 gtagcgccct ttgtggctgc
catccctctc ctggctctgg caggggcctt gccttcgaaa 780 ctggggggag
aactatgacc ggcagcgtgc cttctcaagg acctgtgctg gaggcctgcg 840
ctgcctcctg tcggaccgcc gcgtgctgct gytgggcacc atacaagctc tatttgagag
900 tgtcatcttc atctttgtct tcctctggac acctgtgctg gacccacacg
gggcccctct 960 gggcattatc ttctccagct tcatggcagc cagcctgctt
ggctcttccc tgtaccgtat 1020 cgccacctcc aagaggtacc accttcagcc
catgcacctg ctgtcccttg ctgtgctcat 1080 cgtcgtcttc tctctcttca
tgttgacttt ctctaccagc ccaggccagg agagtccggt 1140 ggagtccttc
atagcctttc tacttattga gttggcttgt ggattatact ttcccagcat 1200
gagcttccta cggagaaagg tgatccctga gacagagcag gctggtgtac tcaactggtt
1260 ccgggtacct ctgcactcac tggcttgcct agggctcctt gtcctccatg
acagtgatcg 1320 aaaaacaggc actcggaata tgttcagcat ttgctctgct
gtcatggtga tggctctgct 1380 ggcagtggtg ggactcttca ccgtggtaag
gcatgatgct gagctgcggg taccttcacc 1440 tactgaggag ccctatgccc
ctgagctgta accccactcc aggacaagat agctgggaca 1500 gactcttgaa
ttccagctat ccgggattgt acagatctct ctgtgactga ctttgtgact 1560
gtcctgtggt ttctcctgcc attgctttgt gtttgggagg acatgatggg ggtgatggac
1620 tggaaagaag gtgccaaaag ttccctctgt gttactccca tttagaaaat
aaacactttt 1680 aaatgatcaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaagggcg gccgc 1715 60 308
PRT Homo sapiens SITE (165) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 60 Met Gly Thr Gln Glu Gly Trp Cys Leu Leu
Leu Cys Leu Ala Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ala Ala Glu Thr Lys Pro His
Pro Ala Glu Gly Gln Trp Arg Ala 20 25 30 Val Asp Val Val Leu Asp
Cys Phe Leu Ala Lys Asp Gly Ala His Arg 35 40 45 Gly Ala Leu Ala
Ser Ser Glu Asp Arg Ala Arg Ala Ser Leu Val Leu 50 55 60 Lys Gln
Val Pro Val Leu Asp Asp Gly Ser Leu Glu Asp Phe Thr Asp 65 70 75 80
Phe Gln Gly Gly Thr Leu Ala Gln Asp Asp Pro Pro Ile Ile Phe Glu 85
90 95 Ala Ser Val Asp Leu Val Gln Ile Pro Gln Ala Glu Ala Leu Leu
His 100 105 110 Ala Asp Cys Ser Gly Lys Glu Val Thr Cys Glu Ile Ser
Arg Tyr Phe 115 120 125 Leu Gln Met Thr Glu Thr Thr Val Lys Thr Ala
Ala Trp Phe Met Ala 130 135 140 Asn Met Gln Val Ser Gly Gly Gly Pro
Ser Ile Ser Leu Val Met Lys 145 150 155 160 Thr Pro Arg Val Xaa Lys
Asn Glu Ala Leu Trp His Pro Thr Leu Asn 165 170 175 Leu Pro Leu Ser
Pro Gln Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Ala Val Glu Phe Gln 180 185 190 Val Met
Thr Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ser Phe Leu Leu Gly Ser Ser Ala 195 200 205
Ser Leu Asp Cys Gly Phe Ser Met Ala Pro Gly Leu Asp Leu Ile Ser 210
215 220 Val Glu Trp Arg Leu Gln His Lys Gly Arg Gly Gln Leu Val Tyr
Ser 225 230 235 240 Trp Thr Ala Gly Arg Gly Xaa Leu Cys Gly Arg Ala
Leu Pro Trp Ser 245 250 255 Leu His Asn Trp Ala Trp Pro Gly Met Pro
Pro Ser Pro Cys Pro Ala 260 265 270 Ser Leu Tyr Arg Thr Arg Gly Pro
Thr Phe Ala Arg Ser Pro Pro Leu 275 280 285 Cys Thr Glu Leu Ser Arg
Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Ser Lys Leu Pro Leu 290 295 300 Lys Tyr Asp Xaa
305 61 579 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (64) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 61 Met Arg Ala Ala Arg Ala Ala
Pro Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Gly Pro Trp Leu Glu
Ala Ala Gly Val Ala Glu Ser Pro Leu Pro Ala 20 25 30 Val Val Leu
Ala Ile Leu Ala Arg Asn Ala Glu His Ser Leu Pro His 35 40 45 Tyr
Leu Gly Ala Leu Glu Arg Leu Asp Tyr Pro Arg Ala Arg Met Xaa 50 55
60 Leu Trp Cys Ala Thr Asp His Asn Val Asp Asn Thr Thr Glu Met Leu
65 70 75 80 Gln Glu Trp Leu Ala Ala Val Gly Asp Asp Tyr Ala Ala Val
Val Trp 85 90 95 Arg Pro Glu Gly Glu Pro Arg Phe Tyr Pro Asp Glu
Glu Gly Pro Lys 100 105 110 His Trp Thr Lys Glu Arg His Gln Phe Leu
Met Glu Leu Lys Gln Glu 115 120 125 Ala Leu Thr Phe Ala Arg Asn Trp
Gly Ala Asp Tyr Ile Leu Phe Ala 130 135 140 Asp Thr Asp Asn Ile Leu
Thr Asn Asn Gln Thr Leu Arg Leu Leu Met 145 150 155 160 Gly Gln Gly
Leu Pro Val Val Ala Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Gln Thr Tyr 165 170 175 Tyr
Ser Asn Phe Trp Cys Gly Ile Thr Pro Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Arg Arg 180 185
190 Thr Ala Glu Tyr Phe Pro Thr Lys Asn Arg Gln Arg Arg Gly Cys Phe
195 200 205 Arg Val Pro Met Val His Ser Thr Phe Leu Ala Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu 210 215 220 Gly Ala Asp Gln Leu Ala Phe Tyr Pro Pro His Pro
Asn Tyr Thr Trp 225 230 235 240 Pro Phe Asp Asp Ile Ile Val Phe Ala
Tyr Ala Cys Gln Ala Ala Gly 245 250 255 Val Ser Val His Val Cys Asn
Glu His Arg Tyr Gly Tyr Met Asn Val 260 265 270 Pro Val Lys Ser His
Gln Gly Leu Glu Asp Glu Arg Val Asn Phe Ile 275 280 285 His Leu Ile
Leu Glu Ala Leu Val Asp Gly Pro Arg Met Gln Ala Ser 290 295 300 Ala
His Val Thr Arg Pro Ser Lys Arg Pro Ser Lys Ile Gly Phe Asp 305 310
315 320 Glu Val Phe Val Ile Ser Leu Ala Arg Arg Pro Asp Arg Arg Glu
Arg 325 330 335 Met Leu Ala Ser Leu Trp Glu Met Glu Ile Ser Gly Arg
Val Val Asp 340 345 350 Ala Val Asp Gly Trp Met Leu Asn Ser Ser Ala
Ile Arg Asn Leu Gly 355 360 365 Val Asp Leu Leu Pro Gly Tyr Gln Asp
Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg Thr Leu 370 375 380 Thr Lys Gly Glu Val Gly Cys
Phe Leu Ser His Tyr Ser Ile Trp Glu 385 390 395 400 Glu Val Val Ala
Arg Gly Leu Ala Arg Val Leu Val Phe Glu Asp Asp 405 410 415 Val Arg
Phe Glu Ser Asn Phe Arg Gly Arg Leu Glu Arg Leu Met Glu 420 425 430
Asp Val Glu Ala Glu Lys Leu Ser Trp Asp Leu Ile Tyr Leu Gly Arg 435
440 445 Lys Gln Val Asn Pro Glu Lys Glu Thr Ala Val Glu Gly Leu Pro
Gly 450 455 460 Leu Val Val Ala Gly Tyr Ser Tyr Trp Thr Leu Ala Tyr
Ala Leu Arg 465 470 475 480 Leu Ala Gly Ala Arg Lys Leu Leu Ala Ser
Gln Pro Leu Arg Arg Met 485 490 495 Leu Pro Val Asp Glu Phe Leu Pro
Ile Met Phe Asp Gln His Pro Asn 500 505 510 Glu Gln Tyr Lys Ala His
Phe Trp Pro Arg Asp Leu Val Ala Phe Ser 515 520 525 Ala Gln Pro Leu
Leu Ala Ala Pro Thr His Tyr Ala Gly Asp Ala Glu 530 535 540 Trp Leu
Ser Asp Thr Glu Thr Ser Ser Pro Trp Asp Asp Asp Ser Gly 545 550 555
560 Arg Leu Ile Ser Trp Ser Gly Ser Gln Lys Thr Leu Arg Xaa Pro Ala
565 570 575 Trp Thr Xaa 62 184 PRT Homo sapiens 62 Met Leu Met Leu
Ala Val Leu Met Ala Ala Thr His Ala Val Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Leu
Leu Leu Phe Glu Tyr Arg His Arg Lys Met Lys Pro Val Gln 20 25 30
Met Val Pro Ala Ile Ser Gln Asn Trp Thr Phe His Gly Pro Gly Ala 35
40 45 Thr Gly Gln Ala Ala Ala Asn Trp Ile Ala Gly Phe Gly Arg Gly
Pro 50 55 60 Met Pro Pro Thr Leu Leu Gly Ile Arg Gln Asn Gly His
Ala Ala Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Arg Leu Leu Gly Met Asp Glu Val Lys Gly
Glu Lys Gln Leu Gly 85 90 95 Arg Met Phe Tyr Ala Ile Thr Leu Leu
Phe Leu Leu Leu Trp Ser Pro 100 105 110 Tyr Ile Val Ala Cys Tyr Trp
Arg Val Phe Val Lys Ala Cys Ala Val 115 120 125 Pro His Arg Tyr Leu
Ala Thr Ala Val Trp Met Ser Phe Ala Gln Ala 130 135 140 Ala Val Asn
Pro Ile Val Cys Phe Leu Leu Asn Lys Asp Leu Lys Lys 145 150 155 160
Cys Leu Arg Thr His Ala Pro Cys Trp Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Pro Ala 165
170 175 Pro Arg Glu Pro Tyr Cys Val Met 180 63 306 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (306) Xaa equals stop translation 63 Met Gly Ile Leu Leu Gly
Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly His Leu Thr Val Asp 1 5 10 15 Thr Tyr Gly Arg
Pro Ile Leu Glu Val Pro Glu Ser Val Thr Gly Pro 20 25 30 Trp Lys
Gly Asp Val Asn Leu Pro Cys Thr Tyr Asp Pro Leu Gln Gly 35 40 45
Tyr Thr Gln Val Leu Val Lys Trp Leu Val Gln Arg Gly Ser Asp Pro 50
55 60 Val Thr Ile Phe Leu Arg Asp Ser Ser Gly Asp His Ile Gln Gln
Ala 65 70 75 80 Lys Tyr Gln Gly Arg Leu His Val Ser His Lys Val Pro
Gly Asp Val 85 90 95 Ser Leu Gln Leu Ser Thr Leu Glu Met Asp Asp
Arg Ser His Tyr Thr 100 105 110 Cys Glu Val Thr Trp Gln Thr Pro Asp
Gly Asn Gln Val Val Arg Asp 115 120 125 Lys Ile Thr Glu Leu Arg Val
Gln Lys His Ser Ser Lys Leu Leu Lys 130 135 140 Thr Lys Thr Glu Ala
Pro Thr Thr Met Thr Tyr Pro Leu Lys Ala Thr 145 150 155 160 Ser Thr
Val Lys Gln Ser Trp Asp Trp Thr Thr Asp Met Asp Gly Tyr 165 170 175
Leu Gly Glu Thr Ser Ala Gly Pro Gly Lys Ser Leu Pro Val Phe Ala 180
185 190 Ile Ile Leu Ile Ile Ser Leu Cys Cys Met Val Val Phe Thr Met
Ala 195 200 205 Tyr Ile Met Leu Cys Arg Lys Thr Ser Gln Gln Glu His
Val Tyr Glu 210 215 220 Ala Ala Arg Ala His Ala Arg Glu Ala Asn Asp
Ser Gly Glu Thr Met 225 230 235 240 Arg Val Ala Ile Phe Ala Ser Gly
Cys Ser Ser Asp Glu Pro Thr Ser 245 250 255 Gln Asn Leu Gly Asn Asn
Tyr Ser Asp Glu Pro Cys Ile Gly Gln Glu 260 265 270 Tyr Gln Ile Ile
Ala Gln Ile Asn Gly Asn Tyr Ala Arg Leu Leu Asp 275 280 285 Thr Val
Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Phe Leu Ala Thr Glu Gly Lys Ser Val 290 295 300
Cys Xaa 305 64 108 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (7) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 64 Met Ala Val Val Leu Ser Xaa
Lys Xaa His Arg Gly Xaa Tyr Cys Gly 1 5 10 15 Arg Thr Ser Leu Leu
Leu Ser Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu 20 25 30 Leu Leu Leu
Leu Leu Leu Leu Trp Ser Leu Ser Glu Ile Lys Thr Leu 35 40 45 Lys
Leu Ile Cys Ile Leu Ser Ala Arg Asp Ala Asp Gly Ser Arg Ala 50 55
60 Lys Ser His Gly Phe Gln Ile Arg Tyr Ser Ala His Ser Phe Gln Gly
65 70 75 80 His Arg Phe Leu Lys Gly Pro Gly Phe Glu Glu Met Ala Asn
Xaa Glu 85 90 95 Pro Ser Glu Asn Leu Ile Trp Lys Thr Cys Met Xaa
100 105 65 191 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (25) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 65 Met Pro Val Pro Thr Leu Cys
Leu Leu Trp Ala Leu Ala Met Val Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Ala Ser Ala
Ala Pro Met Xaa Gly Pro Glu Leu Ala Gln His 20 25 30 Glu Glu Leu
Thr Leu Leu Phe His Gly Thr Leu Gln Leu Gly Gln Ala 35 40 45 Leu
Asn Gly Val Tyr Arg Thr Thr Glu Gly Arg Leu Thr Lys Ala Arg 50 55
60 Asn Ser Leu Gly Leu Tyr Gly Arg Thr Ile Glu Leu Leu Gly Gln Glu
65 70 75 80 Val Ser Arg Gly Arg Asp Ala Ala Gln Glu Leu Arg Ala Ser
Leu Leu 85 90 95 Glu Thr Gln Met Glu Glu Asp Ile Leu Gln Leu Gln
Ala Glu Ala Thr 100 105 110 Ala Glu Val Leu Gly Glu Val Ala Gln Ala
Gln Lys Val Leu Arg Asp 115 120 125 Ser Val Gln Arg Leu Glu Val Gln
Leu Arg Ser Ala Trp Leu Gly Pro 130 135 140 Ala Tyr Arg Glu Phe Glu
Val Leu Lys Ala His Ala Asp Lys Gln Glu 145 150 155 160 Pro Thr Ser
Tyr Gly Pro His Arg Pro Arg Gln Arg Gln Arg Arg Glu 165 170 175 Met
Val Ala Gln Gln His Arg Leu Arg Gln Ile Gln Glu Arg Xaa 180 185 190
66 200 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (118) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 66 Met Thr Ser Cys Gly Gln Gln Ser Leu Asn
Val Leu Ala Val Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Leu Phe Ser Ala Val Leu
Ser Ala His Phe Arg Val Cys Glu 20 25 30 Pro Tyr Thr Asp His Lys
Gly Arg Tyr His Phe Gly Phe His Cys Pro 35 40 45 Arg Leu Ser Asp
Asn Lys Thr Phe Ile Leu Cys Cys His His Asn Asn 50 55 60 Thr Val
Phe Lys Tyr Cys Cys Asn Glu Thr Glu Phe Gln Ala Val Met 65 70 75 80
Gln Ala Asn Leu Thr Ala Ser Ser Glu Gly Tyr Met His Asn Asn Tyr 85
90 95 Thr Ala Leu Leu Gly Val Trp Ile Tyr Gly Phe Phe Val Leu Met
Leu 100 105 110 Leu Val Leu Asp Leu Xaa Tyr Xaa Ser Ala Met Asn Tyr
Asp Ile Cys 115 120 125 Lys Val Tyr Leu Ala Arg Trp Gly Ile Gln Gly
Arg Trp Met Lys Gln 130 135 140 Asp Pro Arg Arg Trp Gly Asn Pro Ala
Arg Ala Pro Arg Pro Gly Gln 145 150 155 160 Arg Ala Pro Gln Pro Gln
Pro Pro Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Gln Ala Pro 165 170 175 Gln Ala Val His
Thr Leu Arg Gly Asp Ala His Ser Pro Pro Leu Met 180 185 190 Thr Phe
Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Xaa 195 200 67 62 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (62)
Xaa equals stop translation 67 Met Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile Gly Trp
Cys Ser Phe Val Glu Pro Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Phe Phe Phe Leu Thr
Ile Leu Ile Arg Leu Leu Glu Gln Ser 20 25 30 Asn Trp Gly Ile Glu
Glu Met Lys Thr Gly Tyr Phe Cys Ile Cys Glu 35 40 45 Val Gly Thr
Gly Asn Ile Trp Thr Cys Ser Ser Tyr Ser Xaa 50 55 60 68 608 PRT
Homo sapiens SITE (242) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring
L-amino acids 68 Met Arg Thr Pro Gln Leu Ala Leu Leu Gln Val Phe
Phe Leu Val Phe 1 5 10 15 Pro Asp Gly Val Arg Pro Gln Pro Ser Ser
Ser Pro Ser Gly Ala Val 20 25 30 Pro Thr Ser Leu Glu Leu Gln Arg
Gly Thr Asp Gly Gly Thr Leu Gln 35 40 45 Ser Pro Ser Glu Ala Thr
Ala Thr Arg Pro Ala Val Pro Gly Leu Pro 50 55 60 Thr Val Val Pro
Thr Leu Val Thr Pro Ser Ala Pro Gly Asn Arg Thr 65 70 75
80 Val Asp Leu Phe Pro Val Leu Pro Ile Cys Val Cys Asp Leu Thr Pro
85 90 95 Gly Ala Cys Asp Ile Asn Cys Cys Cys Asp Arg Asp Cys Tyr
Leu Leu 100 105 110 His Pro Arg Thr Val Phe Ser Phe Cys Leu Pro Gly
Ser Val Arg Ser 115 120 125 Ser Ser Trp Val Cys Val Asp Asn Ser Val
Ile Phe Arg Ser Asn Ser 130 135 140 Pro Phe Pro Ser Arg Val Phe Met
Asp Ser Asn Gly Ile Arg Gln Phe 145 150 155 160 Cys Val His Val Asn
Asn Ser Asn Leu Asn Tyr Phe Gln Lys Leu Gln 165 170 175 Lys Val Asn
Ala Thr Asn Phe Gln Ala Leu Ala Ala Glu Phe Gly Gly 180 185 190 Glu
Ser Phe Thr Ser Thr Phe Gln Thr Gln Ser Pro Pro Ser Phe Tyr 195 200
205 Arg Ala Gly Asp Pro Ile Leu Thr Tyr Phe Pro Lys Trp Ser Val Ile
210 215 220 Ser Leu Leu Arg Gln Pro Ala Gly Val Gly Ala Gly Gly Leu
Cys Ala 225 230 235 240 Glu Xaa Asn Pro Ala Gly Phe Leu Glu Ser Lys
Ser Thr Thr Cys Thr 245 250 255 Arg Phe Phe Lys Asn Leu Ala Ser Ser
Cys Thr Leu Asp Ser Ala Leu 260 265 270 Asn Ala Ala Ser Tyr Tyr Asn
Phe Thr Val Leu Lys Val Pro Arg Ser 275 280 285 Met Thr Asp Pro Gln
Asn Met Glu Phe Gln Val Pro Val Ile Leu Thr 290 295 300 Ser Gln Ala
Asn Ala Pro Leu Leu Ala Gly Asn Thr Cys Gln Asn Val 305 310 315 320
Val Ser Gln Val Thr Tyr Glu Ile Glu Thr Asn Gly Thr Phe Gly Ile 325
330 335 Gln Lys Val Ser Val Ser Leu Gly Gln Thr Asn Leu Thr Val Glu
Pro 340 345 350 Gly Ala Ser Leu Gln Gln His Phe Ile Leu Arg Phe Arg
Ala Phe Gln 355 360 365 Gln Ser Thr Ala Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser Pro Arg
Ser Gly Asn Pro Gly 370 375 380 Tyr Ile Val Gly Lys Pro Leu Leu Ala
Leu Thr Asp Asp Ile Ser Tyr 385 390 395 400 Ser Met Thr Leu Leu Gln
Ser Gln Gly Asn Gly Ser Cys Ser Val Lys 405 410 415 Arg His Glu Val
Gln Phe Gly Val Asn Ala Ile Ser Gly Cys Lys Leu 420 425 430 Arg Leu
Lys Lys Ala Asp Cys Ser His Leu Gln Gln Glu Ile Tyr Gln 435 440 445
Thr Leu His Gly Arg Pro Arg Pro Glu Tyr Val Ala Ile Phe Gly Asn 450
455 460 Ala Asp Pro Ala Gln Lys Gly Gly Trp Thr Arg Ile Leu Asn Arg
His 465 470 475 480 Cys Ser Ile Ser Ala Ile Asn Cys Thr Ser Cys Cys
Leu Ile Pro Val 485 490 495 Ser Leu Glu Ile Gln Val Leu Trp Ala Tyr
Val Gly Leu Leu Ser Asn 500 505 510 Pro Gln Ala His Val Ser Gly Val
Arg Phe Leu Tyr Gln Cys Gln Ser 515 520 525 Ile Gln Asp Ser Gln Gln
Val Thr Glu Val Ser Leu Thr Thr Leu Val 530 535 540 Asn Phe Val Asp
Ile Thr Gln Lys Pro Gln Pro Pro Arg Gly Gln Pro 545 550 555 560 Lys
Met Asp Trp Lys Trp Pro Phe Asp Phe Phe Pro Phe Lys Val Ala 565 570
575 Phe Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Ser Gln Lys Cys Ser Val Ser Pro Ile Leu
580 585 590 Ile Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Val Leu Asn Leu Glu Thr
Met Xaa 595 600 605 69 90 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (90) Xaa equals
stop translation 69 Met Ala Leu Arg Phe Leu Leu Leu Ser Ile Gly Pro
Val Pro Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Gly Asn Ile Ala Ala Ala Gly Ser Asp Glu
Lys Cys Lys Leu Ala Met 20 25 30 Gln Arg Gly Ala Gln Ser Ser Val
Asn Tyr Ser Gln Gly Ser Leu Lys 35 40 45 Asp Ala Ala Ser Ala Ser
Thr Arg Thr Ala Ser Gly Trp Val Lys Arg 50 55 60 Asn Arg Ser Arg
Glu Asn Gln Glu Met Leu Ile Tyr Ser Lys Asn Lys 65 70 75 80 Ile Pro
Ile Trp Lys Ile Ser Lys Lys Xaa 85 90 70 117 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(117) Xaa equals stop translation 70 Met Ala Gly Leu Ile Phe Val
Leu His Ser Cys Phe Arg Phe Ile Thr 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Cys Pro Thr
Ser Ser Asp Pro Leu Arg Thr Cys Ala Val Leu 20 25 30 Leu Cys Val
Gly Tyr Gln Asp Leu Pro Asn Pro Val Phe Arg Tyr Leu 35 40 45 Gln
Ser Val Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Pro 50 55
60 Gln Gln Val Leu Gln Phe Val Pro Met Glu Val Leu Leu Lys Gly Ala
65 70 75 80 Leu Leu Asp Phe Leu Trp Asp Leu Asn Ala Ala Ile Ala Lys
Arg His 85 90 95 Leu His Phe Ile Ile Gln Arg Glu Arg Glu Glu Ile
Ile Asn Ser Leu 100 105 110 Gln Leu Gln Asn Xaa 115 71 140 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (140) Xaa equals stop translation 71 Met Cys Val Trp
Gly Val Cys Val Cys Val Val Ala Arg Val Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Trp Leu
Gly Leu Ala Glu Leu Phe Arg Gly Arg Val Arg Asp Cys Gly 20 25 30
Lys Ile Thr His Phe Pro Thr Tyr Leu Leu Tyr Trp Thr Leu Lys Asn 35
40 45 Asn Asn Lys His Gln Val Lys Phe Leu Asn His Val Leu Cys Val
Cys 50 55 60 Val Cys Val Cys Val Cys Val Cys Ile Cys Lys Cys Ile
Cys Ile Cys 65 70 75 80 Met Leu Leu Tyr Phe Gln Val Asn Asn Tyr Ile
Glu Asp Cys Ile Ala 85 90 95 Gln Lys His Ser Leu Ile Lys Val Leu
Arg Leu Val Cys Leu Gln Ser 100 105 110 Val Cys Asn Ser Gly Leu Lys
Gln Lys Val Leu Asp Tyr Tyr Lys Arg 115 120 125 Glu Ile Leu Gln Val
Ser Ile Phe Leu Asn Tyr Xaa 130 135 140 72 96 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(96) Xaa equals stop translation 72 Met His Leu Cys Ile Cys Ala Val
Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Leu Arg 1 5 10 15 Met His Gly Ala Ser Pro
Ala Gln Thr Ser Gly Thr Arg Ser Gly Asn 20 25 30 Gly Gly Cys Arg
Arg His Gly Ala Gly Gln Gly Arg Gly Ala Ala Thr 35 40 45 Gln Pro
Leu Arg Pro Pro Arg Gly Thr Ala Ser Gly Gln Leu Met Ala 50 55 60
Leu Leu Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro Arg Leu Ser Gly Ser Ser Thr Pro Met 65
70 75 80 Met Ala His Gly Arg Pro Ala Pro Pro Gln Trp Ser Arg Val
Ser Xaa 85 90 95 73 78 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (78) Xaa equals stop
translation 73 Met Ser Leu Tyr Lys Ile His Leu Leu Leu Tyr Val Ala
Val Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Tyr Pro Glu Ala Gln His
Met Ser Pro Gly Gln 20 25 30 Val Pro Lys Phe Gln Ala Val Leu Ser
Val Lys Ala Gly Val Cys Met 35 40 45 Cys Tyr Gln His Met Ile Arg
Gly Arg Pro Thr Gln Gly Ala Val Ser 50 55 60 Val Ala Gln Gln Ser
Thr Thr Phe Thr Val Ala Tyr Phe Xaa 65 70 75 74 55 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (55) Xaa equals stop translation 74 Met Ala Val Arg Leu Ile
Lys Pro Ala Val Phe Ala Val Leu Ala Gly 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Val Leu
Trp Leu Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Ala Ser Phe Asp 20 25 30 Cys Asp
Arg Ala Lys Arg Leu Thr Arg Lys Pro Ser Val Pro Arg Ala 35 40 45
Pro Ser Met Ile Arg Thr Xaa 50 55 75 210 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(181) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 75
Met Tyr Phe Leu Phe Phe Phe Ala Phe Phe Phe Phe Pro Leu Phe Cys 1 5
10 15 Tyr Cys Phe Asn Tyr Asn Lys Arg Ala Arg Gly Ser Gln Ala Leu
Ala 20 25 30 Arg Ser Trp Arg Pro Met Gly Val Leu Gly Arg Gly Arg
Gly Glu Val 35 40 45 Ser Gly Gly Gln Arg Trp Arg Val Lys Asn Glu
Lys Val Gly Glu Leu 50 55 60 Gly Leu Ala Gln Glu Pro Cys Val Pro
Ala His Ser Pro Pro Ser Leu 65 70 75 80 Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser Leu Pro
Leu His Gly Phe Ser Pro Pro Leu Pro 85 90 95 Glu Ser Tyr Gly Thr
Gly Pro Cys Ser Ser Gly Ile Gln Leu Leu Pro 100 105 110 Ala His Ser
Ser Ser Trp Ala Thr Ser Pro Pro Thr Phe Asp Val Ser 115 120 125 Pro
Pro Val Ala Thr Leu Gln Leu Ala Phe Gln Ala Pro Ser Arg Gly 130 135
140 Arg Pro Leu Pro Arg Pro Leu Thr His Val Ala Ile Pro Thr Trp Leu
145 150 155 160 Pro Val Met Ser Leu Leu Ser Lys Pro Ser Cys Pro Leu
Phe Leu Pro 165 170 175 Pro Arg His Ala Xaa Thr Lys Trp Trp Lys Pro
Pro Leu Ser Pro Ser 180 185 190 Leu Pro Cys Ala Glu Phe Ser Xaa Val
Leu Asn Glu Gly Glu Xaa Asp 195 200 205 Lys Xaa 210 76 105 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (89) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino
acids 76 Met Pro Thr Ser Ser Tyr Arg Ser Val Trp Pro Leu Thr Leu
Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Ser Thr Ala Cys Ala Leu Ala Phe Thr Arg
Met Pro Gly Phe 20 25 30 Gln Thr Pro Ser Glu Phe Leu Glu Asn Pro
Ser Gln Ser Ser Arg Leu 35 40 45 Thr Ala Pro Phe Arg Lys His Val
Arg Pro Lys Lys Gln His Glu Ile 50 55 60 Arg Arg Leu Gly Glu Leu
Val Lys Lys Pro Ser Asp Phe Thr Gly Cys 65 70 75 80 Thr Gln Val Val
Asp Val Gly Ser Xaa Gln Gly His Leu Ser Arg Phe 85 90 95 Met Ala
Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Met Xaa 100 105 77 176 PRT Homo sapiens 77 Met
Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Val Asn Thr Ser Ala Val Ala Cys Thr His 1 5 10
15 Gly Gly Arg Gly Pro Trp Gly Asn Ser Ala Ala Gln Ala Cys Ala Ala
20 25 30 Leu Ala Pro Trp Pro Arg Gln Asp Pro Ser Ala Ala Ser Gln
Trp Gln 35 40 45 Pro Gln Val Leu Val Gly Leu Leu Ser Tyr His Gly
Trp Gly Gly Gln 50 55 60 Arg Leu Ser Pro Cys Pro Arg Ser Ile Cys
Cys Val Ser Thr Arg His 65 70 75 80 Leu Glu Gly Ala Arg Ser Lys Ala
Gln Gly Pro Ala Ala Trp Leu His 85 90 95 Met Glu Val Arg Val Pro
Arg Val Gln Pro Pro Ala Leu Gln Val Pro 100 105 110 Ser Ser Ser Asp
Lys Ala Gly Gln Gly Arg Trp Gly Val Pro Gly Gln 115 120 125 Arg Gly
Leu Val Gly Arg Gly Gly Gly Cys Lys Val Thr Pro Ser Leu 130 135 140
Pro Cys Arg Arg Thr Glu Arg Lys Arg Thr Ala Ala Ser Ala Lys Val 145
150 155 160 Thr Cys Pro Ala Ser Ser Arg Arg Pro Trp Gly Trp Gln Ser
Ser Pro 165 170 175 78 45 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (45) Xaa equals
stop translation 78 Met His Lys Asn Asn Leu Phe Leu Cys Val Leu Phe
Arg Leu Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Arg Cys Ser Cys Phe Asn Leu Leu Asn Phe
Pro Gln Thr Tyr Ala Val 20 25 30 Gly Lys Gly Gln Ala Gly Lys Asp
Gln Cys Ser Ser Xaa 35 40 45 79 71 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (71) Xaa
equals stop translation 79 Met Asp Ser Val Thr Ala Gly Leu Phe Met
Leu Ser Phe Leu Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Ser Ser Ala Phe Ser Gly
His Trp Tyr Pro Tyr Pro Gly Val 20 25 30 Val Ser Trp Ser Asn Ser
Cys Leu Ala Gly Leu Asn Cys Gly Val Ser 35 40 45 Gly Pro Lys Ala
Ile Gly Thr Ser Val Val Tyr Phe Leu Ile Pro Ile 50 55 60 Leu Trp
Arg Phe Val Phe Xaa 65 70 80 56 PRT Homo sapiens 80 Met Cys Leu Ala
Phe Ser Val Ile Ile Leu Ala Gly Ala Gly Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Ser
Trp Asn Ser Val Leu Val Glu Lys Glu Val Val Glu Gly Gly 20 25 30
Leu Gly Pro Trp Gly Asn Cys Ser Ala Glu Pro Leu Pro His Leu Leu 35
40 45 Leu Pro Arg Thr Asn Leu Lys Gly 50 55 81 49 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (49) Xaa equals stop translation 81 Met Cys His Phe Ser Ala
Leu Ser Phe Thr Phe Cys Val Leu Pro Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Phe Ser Phe
Leu Gln Lys His Cys Tyr Phe Thr His Lys Phe Gly 20 25 30 Gln Asn
Val Gln Tyr Ser His Phe Arg Val Ser Phe Gln Trp Lys Lys 35 40 45
Xaa 82 46 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (46) Xaa equals stop translation 82
Met Leu Val Ser Leu Ile Ile Cys Leu Leu Leu Asp Leu Leu Asn Gln 1 5
10 15 Pro Ser Leu Leu Arg Asp Leu Ile Leu Lys Gln His Thr Gly Asn
Pro 20 25 30 His Leu Ser Phe Pro Leu Lys Tyr Ser His Trp Met Gly
Xaa 35 40 45 83 91 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (91) Xaa equals stop
translation 83 Met Ala Ile Arg Leu Val Phe Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Leu
Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Pro Val Trp Ile Thr Leu Trp Met Asp Ala
Lys Arg Pro Asn Leu 20 25 30 Ala Gly Thr Gly Ser Thr Trp Gly Ser
Arg Arg Asp Ser His Cys Cys 35 40 45 His Gly Pro Thr Ala Trp Ser
Leu Pro Cys Leu Leu Cys Leu Phe Arg 50 55 60 Ala Gln Gln Lys Asp
Arg Glu Arg Ser Leu Leu Gly Val Pro Leu Pro 65 70 75 80 Thr Leu Gln
Gly Gly Asn Leu Ser Asp Gly Xaa 85 90 84 103 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(91) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 84 Met
Gly Arg Arg Ser Gly Leu Leu Gly Leu Arg Pro Gly Arg Ser Arg 1 5 10
15 Trp Arg Trp Ser Gly Ser Val Trp Val Arg Ser Val Leu Leu Leu Leu
20 25 30 Gly Gly Leu Arg Ala Ser Ala Thr Ser Thr Pro Val Ser Leu
Gly Ser 35 40 45 Ser Pro Pro Cys Arg His His Val Pro Ser Asp Thr
Glu Val Ile Asn 50 55 60 Lys Val His Leu Lys Ala Asn His Val Val
Lys Arg Asp Val Asp Glu 65 70 75 80 His Leu Arg Ile Lys Thr Val Tyr
Asp Lys Xaa Xaa Xaa Ser Cys Ser 85 90 95 Leu Arg Lys Arg Ile Leu
Xaa 100 85 45 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (45) Xaa equals stop
translation 85 Met Gln Cys Asp Thr Phe Ser Lys Ala Thr Cys Cys Lys
Ile Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Cys Cys Val Leu Tyr Leu Val Phe Ser
Arg Leu Arg Gly Leu 20 25 30 Asp Gln Arg Ser Lys Arg Tyr Ser Leu
Pro Asp His Xaa 35 40 45 86 67 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (67) Xaa
equals stop translation 86 Met Asn Tyr Ile Phe Leu Leu Met Ala Leu
Pro His Leu Ile Ala Ile 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Thr Trp Gly Arg Tyr Ser
Phe Ser Cys Leu Ala Asn Lys Glu 20 25 30 Thr Glu Phe Gln Arg Cys
Gln Val Thr Cys Leu Leu His Thr Leu Gly 35 40 45 Val Leu Met Phe
Asn Phe Glu Leu Arg Ser Ile Trp Leu Glu Ser Ser 50 55 60 Leu His
Xaa 65 87 72 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (72) Xaa equals stop translation
87 Met Leu Phe Leu Asn Leu Thr Val Thr Cys Ile Phe Leu Phe Cys Phe
1 5 10 15 Tyr Phe Asn Val Leu Val Ala His Leu Met Asn Val Asn Leu
Lys Asn 20 25 30 Ser Val Gln Leu Ser Arg Tyr Asn Ser Ala Lys Gln
Ile Leu Lys Leu 35 40 45 His Ile Thr Leu Gln His Met Val Pro His
Thr Leu Ile Val Ala Phe 50 55 60 Tyr Ile Phe Ser Tyr Tyr Tyr Xaa 65
70 88 212 PRT Homo sapiens 88 Met Lys Thr Leu Pro Ala Met Leu Gly
Thr Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Phe Leu Ile Pro Tyr Leu
Asp Ile Trp Asn Ile His Gly Lys Glu 20 25
30 Ser Cys Asp Val Gln Leu Tyr Ile Lys Arg Gln Ser Glu His Ser Ile
35 40 45 Leu Ala Gly Asp Pro Phe Glu Leu Glu Cys Pro Val Lys Tyr
Cys Ala 50 55 60 Asn Arg Pro His Val Thr Trp Cys Lys Leu Asn Gly
Thr Thr Cys Val 65 70 75 80 Lys Leu Glu Asp Arg Gln Thr Ser Trp Lys
Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Ser 85 90 95 Phe Phe Ile Leu His Phe Glu Pro
Val Leu Pro Asn Asp Asn Gly Ser 100 105 110 Tyr Arg Cys Ser Ala Asn
Phe Gln Ser Asn Leu Ile Glu Ser His Ser 115 120 125 Thr Thr Leu Tyr
Val Thr Gly Glu Phe Ser Thr Pro Arg Pro Ser Asp 130 135 140 Ile Phe
Leu Ile Met Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Gly Phe Ser Phe Ser Ser 145 150 155
160 Asp Tyr Val Arg Lys Pro Thr Pro Ile Ala His Leu Lys Ser Ala Thr
165 170 175 Pro His Arg Leu Leu Cys Ala Ser Val Tyr Ile Cys Val Cys
Met Cys 180 185 190 Ala Phe Glu Val Ser Glu Ile Glu Glu Ser Arg Glu
Ile Asp Ser Lys 195 200 205 Ser Tyr Cys Phe 210 89 111 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (111) Xaa equals stop translation 89 Met Thr Val Ser
Tyr Phe Trp Trp Leu Arg Val Gly Ala Trp Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Asp Val
Glu Ala Leu Ala Ser Leu Pro Glu Asp Arg Leu Arg Trp Asn 20 25 30
Leu Leu Ala Leu Pro Ala Ser Pro Cys Ala Val Thr Ala Leu Val Ala 35
40 45 Arg His Arg Arg Ala Gly Leu Gln Arg Ser Ile Gln Cys Leu Leu
Gly 50 55 60 Arg Gln Gly Gly Gly Gly Cys Asn Cys Glu Leu Thr Lys
Pro Gln Val 65 70 75 80 Gly Ser Lys Trp Val Gly His Arg Lys Lys Ser
Asp Leu Gln Ser Gly 85 90 95 Asp Leu Gly Ser Gly Leu Cys Leu Met
Thr Gly Ser Val Met Xaa 100 105 110 90 42 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(42) Xaa equals stop translation 90 Met Val Lys Val Gly Ala Trp Arg
Ala Val Gln Ile Leu Met Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Ala Asn Pro Gly His Ala
Glu Gly Ala Cys Ile Ser Pro Gly Pro Ala 20 25 30 Gly Lys Arg Glu
Pro Leu Lys Leu Gly Xaa 35 40 91 59 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (56) Xaa
equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 91 Met Val Ala
Thr Leu Cys Leu Glu Asn Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Trp Phe 1 5 10 15 Ile
Phe Leu Ser Ser Leu Ser Ser Phe Pro Trp Cys Gly Ala Leu Ser 20 25
30 Asp Asn Trp Pro Ser Gly Gly Ala Val Ala Arg Cys His Ser Gly Arg
35 40 45 Arg Trp Phe Pro Glu Gly Ser Xaa Cys Leu Xaa 50 55 92 77
PRT Homo sapiens SITE (77) Xaa equals stop translation 92 Met Phe
Cys Ile Gln Gln Lys Trp Leu Phe Ser Phe Leu Phe Tyr Glu 1 5 10 15
Val Gly Leu Met Gly Ile Asp Ser Leu Arg Lys Lys Tyr Asn Cys Lys 20
25 30 Ser Val Glu Val Phe Pro Ser Gln Asp Val Lys Cys Gln Arg Ser
Asp 35 40 45 Ser Cys Gly Arg Met Gly Ser Lys Leu Tyr Lys Ser Leu
Glu Met Asn 50 55 60 Glu Val Arg Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gln Lys Thr
Met Xaa 65 70 75 93 69 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (69) Xaa equals stop
translation 93 Met Ala Lys Leu Met Tyr Tyr Gln Ile Leu Cys Leu Val
Val Phe Cys 1 5 10 15 Trp Leu Ile His Ser Phe Ile His Leu Phe Asn
Lys His Phe Leu Ile 20 25 30 Ala Phe Tyr Val Pro Gly Pro Ala Ile
Asp Ala Arg Asp Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 Ser Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Phe
Cys His Cys Gly Val Tyr Ile Leu Val 50 55 60 Ala Gly Asp Arg Xaa 65
94 44 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (44) Xaa equals stop translation 94 Met
Glu Thr Thr Gly Ser Trp Thr Cys Leu Phe Asn Leu Val Ala Ile 1 5 10
15 Ile Ser Asn Leu Gly Leu Cys Thr Phe Leu Val Phe Gly Gln Ala Gln
20 25 30 Arg Val Asp Leu Ser Ser Thr His Glu Asp Leu Xaa 35 40 95
47 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (47) Xaa equals stop translation 95 Met
Lys Ala Gln Met Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala Trp Pro Leu Pro Leu Ser 1 5 10
15 Thr Ala Asn Ser Cys Leu Pro Gln Phe Pro Arg Gly Leu Tyr Ser Ala
20 25 30 His Tyr Cys Pro Ser Cys Leu Leu Phe Leu Glu Ala Leu Ser
Xaa 35 40 45 96 48 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (48) Xaa equals stop
translation 96 Met Cys Leu Leu Ser Phe Asn Cys Lys Ala Val Leu Ser
Leu Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Ile Ser Leu Ser Phe Leu Cys Cys Leu Glu Leu
Cys Leu Ala Arg Cys 20 25 30 Gly Gly Arg Arg Asn Val Ser Ala Pro
Leu Lys Met Phe Ile Ile Xaa 35 40 45 97 450 PRT Homo sapiens 97 Met
Leu Val Thr Ala Tyr Leu Ala Phe Val Gly Leu Leu Ala Ser Cys 1 5 10
15 Leu Gly Leu Glu Leu Ser Arg Cys Arg Ala Lys Pro Pro Gly Arg Ala
20 25 30 Cys Ser Asn Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg Phe Gln Leu Asp Phe Tyr
Gln Val 35 40 45 Tyr Phe Leu Ala Leu Ala Ala Asp Trp Leu Gln Ala
Pro Tyr Leu Tyr 50 55 60 Lys Leu Tyr Gln His Tyr Tyr Phe Leu Glu
Gly Gln Ile Ala Ile Leu 65 70 75 80 Tyr Val Cys Gly Leu Ala Ser Thr
Val Leu Phe Gly Leu Val Ala Ser 85 90 95 Ser Leu Val Asp Trp Leu
Gly Arg Lys Asn Ser Cys Val Leu Phe Ser 100 105 110 Leu Thr Tyr Ser
Leu Cys Cys Leu Thr Lys Leu Ser Gln Asp Tyr Phe 115 120 125 Val Leu
Leu Val Gly Arg Ala Leu Gly Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Leu Leu 130 135 140
Phe Ser Ala Phe Glu Ala Trp Tyr Ile His Glu His Val Glu Arg His 145
150 155 160 Asp Phe Pro Ala Glu Trp Ile Pro Ala Thr Phe Ala Arg Ala
Ala Phe 165 170 175 Trp Asn His Val Leu Ala Val Val Ala Gly Val Ala
Ala Glu Ala Val 180 185 190 Ala Ser Trp Ile Gly Leu Gly Pro Val Ala
Pro Phe Val Ala Ala Ile 195 200 205 Pro Leu Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Ala
Leu Ala Leu Arg Asn Trp Gly Glu 210 215 220 Asn Tyr Asp Arg Gln Arg
Ala Phe Ser Arg Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Arg Cys Leu
Leu Ser Asp Arg Arg Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile Gln 245 250 255 Ala
Leu Phe Glu Ser Val Ile Phe Ile Phe Val Phe Leu Trp Thr Pro 260 265
270 Val Leu Asp Pro His Gly Ala Pro Leu Gly Ile Ile Phe Ser Ser Phe
275 280 285 Met Ala Ala Ser Leu Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Tyr Arg Ile Ala
Thr Ser 290 295 300 Lys Arg Tyr His Leu Gln Pro Met His Leu Leu Ser
Leu Ala Val Leu 305 310 315 320 Ile Val Val Phe Ser Leu Phe Met Leu
Thr Phe Ser Thr Ser Pro Gly 325 330 335 Gln Glu Ser Pro Val Glu Ser
Phe Ile Ala Phe Leu Leu Ile Glu Leu 340 345 350 Ala Cys Gly Leu Tyr
Phe Pro Ser Met Ser Phe Leu Arg Arg Lys Val 355 360 365 Ile Pro Glu
Thr Glu Gln Ala Gly Val Leu Asn Trp Phe Arg Val Pro 370 375 380 Leu
His Ser Leu Ala Cys Leu Gly Leu Leu Val Leu His Asp Ser Asp 385 390
395 400 Arg Lys Thr Gly Thr Arg Asn Met Phe Ser Ile Cys Ser Ala Val
Met 405 410 415 Val Met Ala Leu Leu Ala Val Val Gly Leu Phe Thr Val
Val Arg His 420 425 430 Asp Ala Glu Leu Arg Val Pro Ser Pro Thr Glu
Glu Pro Tyr Ala Pro 435 440 445 Glu Leu 450 98 46 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (46) Xaa equals stop translation 98 Met Gln Ala His Pro Ile
Phe Ile Tyr His Lys Arg Val Phe Phe Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Phe Ile
Phe Tyr Ile Ile Phe Cys Phe Phe Phe Leu Asp Ile 20 25 30 Ser Thr
Leu Tyr Cys Ser Leu Ser Thr Phe Cys Lys Lys Xaa 35 40 45 99 48 PRT
Homo sapiens SITE (48) Xaa equals stop translation 99 Met Gly Val
Leu Leu Leu Phe Ser Phe Phe Phe Pro Asn Gly Ser Phe 1 5 10 15 Ser
Pro Val Val Leu Pro Ser Tyr Phe Pro Asn Ser Ser Ser Tyr Phe 20 25
30 Val Phe Cys Thr Ser Phe Trp Arg Pro Leu Ser Phe Gln Lys Gly Xaa
35 40 45 100 51 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (51) Xaa equals stop
translation 100 Met Arg Arg Cys Phe Leu Val Leu Glu Ile Ser Val Cys
Leu Met Val 1 5 10 15 Ile Ile Val Phe Leu Asp Phe Trp Val Gly Gly
Pro Gly Arg Gly Arg 20 25 30 Leu Arg Asn Lys Ser Val Pro Gln Ile
Thr Ser Ile Trp Lys Glu Phe 35 40 45 Phe Val Xaa 50 101 41 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (41) Xaa equals stop translation 101 Met Cys Phe Arg
Phe Met Met Ile Ile Phe Leu Thr Asn Val Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Val Ser
Ala Val Ile Phe Lys Leu Arg Glu Arg Asp Ser Ile Arg Phe 20 25 30
Phe Phe Phe Phe Ile Phe Leu Lys Xaa 35 40 102 50 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (50) Xaa equals stop translation 102 Met Gly Phe Ser Ile Ile
Phe Arg Pro Glu Ala Ala Arg Pro Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu His Leu
Ser Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Gly 20 25 30 Phe Leu
Leu Gly Thr Met Cys Gly Cys Gly Met Cys Glu Gln Lys Gly 35 40 45
Gly Xaa 50 103 75 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (75) Xaa equals stop
translation 103 Met Thr Leu Leu Leu Phe Ile Phe Phe Val Asp Cys Phe
Ser Thr Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ser Val Phe Asp Thr Gln Glu Val Trp
Val Val Val Tyr Ser 20 25 30 Val Asn Lys Leu Leu Ala Val Gln His
Cys Gln Gly Ile Ala Pro Asn 35 40 45 Val Tyr Ala Leu Ala Val Lys
Lys Ser Val Cys Asn Val Ser Glu Trp 50 55 60 Ser Leu Val Ile Cys
His Pro Met Pro Ile Xaa 65 70 75 104 123 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(123) Xaa equals stop translation 104 Met Leu Met Leu Ala Val Leu
Met Ala Ala Thr His Ala Val Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Leu Leu Leu Phe
Glu Tyr Arg His Arg Lys Met Lys Pro Val Gln 20 25 30 Met Val Pro
Ala Ile Ser Gln Asn Trp Thr Phe His Gly Pro Gly Ala 35 40 45 Thr
Gly Gln Ala Ala Ala Asn Trp Ile Ala Gly Phe Gly Arg Gly Pro 50 55
60 Cys His Gln Pro Cys Trp Val Ser Gly Arg Met Gly Met Gln Pro Ala
65 70 75 80 Gly Gly Tyr Trp Ala Trp Thr Arg Ser Arg Val Lys Ser Ser
Trp Ala 85 90 95 Ala Cys Ser Thr Arg Ser His Cys Ser Phe Cys Ser
Ser Gly His Pro 100 105 110 Thr Ser Trp Pro Ala Thr Gly Glu Cys Leu
Xaa 115 120 105 56 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (56) Xaa equals stop
translation 105 Met Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Val Asn Thr Ser Ala Val Ala
Cys Thr His 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Arg Gly Pro Trp Gly Asn Ser Ala Ala
Gln Ala Cys Ala Ala 20 25 30 Leu Ala Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Thr Leu
Pro Arg Pro Pro Ser Gly Ser 35 40 45 His Arg Cys Trp Leu Val Cys
Xaa 50 55 106 61 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (2) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 106 Met Xaa Leu Ala Phe Ser Val
Ile Ile Leu Ala Gly Ala Gly Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Ser Trp Asn Ser
Val Leu Val Glu Lys Glu Val Val Glu Gly Gly 20 25 30 Leu Gly Pro
Trp Gly Asn Cys Ser Ala Glu Pro Leu Pro His Leu Leu 35 40 45 Leu
Pro Arg Thr Asn Leu Lys Ala Lys Val Pro Gly Xaa 50 55 60 107 102
PRT Homo sapiens SITE (101) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 107 Met Lys Thr Leu Pro Ala Met Leu Gly Thr
Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Phe Leu Ile Pro Tyr Leu Asp
Ile Trp Asn Ile His Gly Lys Glu 20 25 30 Ser Cys Asp Val Gln Leu
Tyr Ile Lys Arg Gln Ser Glu His Ser Ile 35 40 45 Leu Ala Gly Asp
Pro Phe Glu Leu Glu Cys Pro Val Lys Tyr Cys Ala 50 55 60 Asn Arg
Pro His Val Thr Trp Cys Lys Leu Asn Gly Thr Thr Cys Val 65 70 75 80
Lys Leu Glu Asp Arg Gln Thr Ser Trp Lys Lys Arg Arg Thr Phe His 85
90 95 Phe Ser Ser Thr Xaa Xaa 100 108 154 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(154) Xaa equals stop translation 108 Met Leu Val Thr Ala Tyr Leu
Ala Phe Val Gly Leu Leu Ala Ser Cys 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Leu Glu Leu
Ser Arg Cys Arg Ala Lys Pro Pro Gly Arg Ala 20 25 30 Cys Ser Asn
Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg Phe Gln Leu Asp Phe Tyr Gln Val 35 40 45 Tyr
Phe Leu Ala Leu Ala Ala Asp Trp Leu Gln Ala Pro Tyr Leu Tyr 50 55
60 Lys Leu Tyr Gln His Tyr Tyr Phe Leu Glu Gly Gln Ile Ala Ile Leu
65 70 75 80 Tyr Val Cys Gly Leu Ala Ser Thr Val Leu Phe Gly Leu Val
Ala Ser 85 90 95 Ser Leu Val Asp Trp Leu Gly Arg Lys Asn Ser Cys
Val Leu Phe Ser 100 105 110 Leu Thr Tyr Ser Leu Cys Cys Leu Thr Lys
Leu Ser Gln Asp Tyr Phe 115 120 125 Val Leu Leu Val Gly Arg Ala Leu
Gly Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly Leu
Val Tyr Pro Xaa 145 150 109 55 PRT Homo sapiens 109 Val Lys Val Lys
Glu Lys Ser Ala Ala Glu Gly Thr Gly Lys Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Gly
Cys Arg Leu Pro Gly Val Leu Gly Glu Pro Pro Ser Ser Ala 20 25 30
Gly Pro Arg Lys Gln Arg Arg Thr Val Glu Lys Gly Gly Gly Gln Gly 35
40 45 Gly Asn Ser Arg Ala Ala Ser 50 55 110 14 PRT Homo sapiens 110
Glu Glu His Arg Tyr Phe Lys Ala Asn Asp Thr Leu Gly Phe 1 5 10 111
14 PRT Homo sapiens 111 Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Arg Trp Asn
Val His Phe 1 5 10 112 77 PRT Homo sapiens 112 Asp Gly Ala Gly Ala
Phe Arg Ala Pro Ile Arg Glu Pro Gly Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Pro
Gln Pro Pro Glu Pro Gly Gln Leu Leu Arg Arg Arg Gln 20 25 30 Gly
His Arg Gly Gly Val Gly Ser Pro Arg Thr Pro Ala Gly Gly Ser 35 40
45 Arg Gly Arg Arg Leu Pro Ala Thr Lys Arg Gly Thr Ser Gly Arg Arg
50 55 60 Ala Arg Gly Ser Ser Gly Arg Ile Asn Ala Ser Gln Thr 65 70
75 113 217 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (25) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 113 Gln His Gly Leu Gln Ile Leu
Leu Gln Arg Asp Gly Val Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Ala Gly Glu Pro
His Gly Gln Xaa Arg Gly Leu His Ala Gln Gln 20 25 30 Leu His Arg
Pro Val Gly Ser Val Asp Leu Trp Ile Phe Arg Val Asp 35 40 45 Ala
Ala Gly Ser Gly Pro Xaa Val Xaa Xaa Gly Asn Glu Leu Arg His 50 55
60 Leu Gln Gly Leu Pro Gly Thr Val Gly His Pro Arg Thr Met Asp Glu
65 70 75 80 Thr Gly Pro Pro Ala Val Gly Glu Pro Arg Ser Gly Pro Ser
Ala Gly 85 90 95 Ser Ala Gly Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro Arg Pro
Ala Ala Thr Ser 100 105 110 Pro Thr Gly Arg Ala His Ile Ala Gly Arg
Cys Ser Gln Pro Thr Ala 115 120 125 Asp Asp Xaa Pro Glu Phe Val Cys
Leu Lys Thr Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu 130 135 140 Arg Met Gly Glu Met Arg
Ser Glu Ala
Pro Gly Ala Ala Xaa Glu Lys 145 150 155 160 Asn Asn Phe Tyr Arg Asp
Ala Arg Asp Ser Arg Gly Ser Gly Xaa Gly 165 170 175 Thr Gly Gly Asn
Ala Ala Cys Ala Gln Ser Pro Leu Pro Arg Thr Ser 180 185 190 Lys Ile
Arg Ser Lys Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly Trp Gly Cys Arg Gly Gly 195 200 205
Asp Ser Glu Pro Pro Val Arg Lys Gln 210 215 114 49 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (25) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids
114 Gln His Gly Leu Gln Ile Leu Leu Gln Arg Asp Gly Val Pro Gly Gly
1 5 10 15 Asp Ala Gly Glu Pro His Gly Gln Xaa Arg Gly Leu His Ala
Gln Gln 20 25 30 Leu His Arg Pro Val Gly Ser Val Asp Leu Trp Ile
Phe Arg Val Asp 35 40 45 Ala 115 48 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (6) Xaa
equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 115 Ala Gly Ser
Gly Pro Xaa Val Xaa Xaa Gly Asn Glu Leu Arg His Leu 1 5 10 15 Gln
Gly Leu Pro Gly Thr Val Gly His Pro Arg Thr Met Asp Glu Thr 20 25
30 Gly Pro Pro Ala Val Gly Glu Pro Arg Ser Gly Pro Ser Ala Gly Ser
35 40 45 116 48 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (34) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 116 Ala Gly Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala
Ser Pro Arg Pro Ala Ala Thr Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Thr Gly Arg Ala His
Ile Ala Gly Arg Cys Ser Gln Pro Thr Ala Asp 20 25 30 Asp Xaa Pro
Glu Phe Val Cys Leu Lys Thr Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu Arg 35 40 45 117 48
PRT Homo sapiens SITE (13) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 117 Met Gly Glu Met Arg Ser Glu Ala Pro Gly
Ala Ala Xaa Glu Lys Asn 1 5 10 15 Asn Phe Tyr Arg Asp Ala Arg Asp
Ser Arg Gly Ser Gly Xaa Gly Thr 20 25 30 Gly Gly Asn Ala Ala Cys
Ala Gln Ser Pro Leu Pro Arg Thr Ser Lys 35 40 45 118 24 PRT Homo
sapiens 118 Ile Arg Ser Lys Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly Trp Gly Cys Arg Gly
Gly Asp 1 5 10 15 Ser Glu Pro Pro Val Arg Lys Gln 20 119 16 PRT
Homo sapiens 119 Gly Thr Ser Pro Glu Ala Tyr Val Gly Pro Gly Gly
Pro Glu Cys Pro 1 5 10 15 120 20 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (11) Xaa
equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 120 Ser Cys Ile
His Thr Gly Asp Val Met Ile Xaa Pro Val Leu Ser Cys 1 5 10 15 Phe
Thr Arg Phe 20 121 50 PRT Homo sapiens 121 Gly Arg His Leu Val Ala
Ser Gln Lys Arg Val Leu Arg Asp Arg Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Gln Thr Gly
Ile Trp Ser Asp Gln Leu Tyr Ser Gln Arg Pro Trp 20 25 30 Ala Pro
Val Thr Trp Pro Asp His Trp Gly Val Cys Val Cys Val Tyr 35 40 45
Val Cys 50 122 43 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (24) Xaa equals any of the
naturally occurring L-amino acids 122 Ala Phe Pro His Ser Ile Pro
Cys Gln Val Met Ala Val Pro Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Leu Leu Glu
Arg Pro Xaa Leu Pro Val Ser Phe Met Phe Leu 20 25 30 Thr Ser His
Pro Pro Pro Arg Leu Val Cys Pro 35 40 123 361 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(24) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 123
Leu Pro Thr Leu His Ser Leu Ser Ser Tyr Gly Cys Pro Leu Thr Pro 1 5
10 15 Ala Ala Pro Arg Glu Ala Leu Xaa Thr Cys Val Ile His Val Ser
Asn 20 25 30 Lys Pro Pro Ser Thr Pro Ser Cys Val Pro His Ala Pro
Val His Leu 35 40 45 Cys Cys Val Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Phe Ala His
Ala Trp Gly Ile Pro 50 55 60 Cys Pro Asp Gln Arg Asp Lys Glu Arg
Glu Arg Arg Leu Gln Glu Ala 65 70 75 80 Arg Gly Arg Pro Gly Glu Gly
Arg Gly Asn Thr Ala Thr Glu Thr Thr 85 90 95 Thr Arg His Ser Gln
Arg Ala Ala Asp Gly Ser Ala Val Ser Thr Val 100 105 110 Thr Lys Thr
Glu Arg Leu Val His Ser Asn Asp Gly Thr Arg Thr Ala 115 120 125 Arg
Thr Thr Thr Val Glu Ser Ser Phe Val Arg Arg Ser Glu Asn Gly 130 135
140 Ser Gly Ser Thr Met Met Gln Thr Lys Thr Phe Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser
145 150 155 160 Ser Lys Lys Met Gly Ser Ile Phe Asp Arg Glu Asp Gln
Ala Ser Pro 165 170 175 Arg Ala Gly Ser Leu Ala Ala Leu Glu Lys Arg
Gln Ala Glu Lys Lys 180 185 190 Lys Glu Leu Met Lys Ala Gln Ser Leu
Pro Lys Thr Ser Ala Ser Gln 195 200 205 Ala Arg Lys Ala Met Ile Glu
Lys Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Ala Ala Gly 210 215 220 Ser Pro Gly Gly Pro
Arg Ala Ala Val Gln Arg Ser Thr Ser Phe Gly 225 230 235 240 Val Pro
Asn Ala Asn Ser Ile Lys Gln Met Leu Leu Asp Trp Cys Arg 245 250 255
Ala Lys Thr Arg Gly Tyr Glu His Val Asp Ile Gln Asn Phe Ser Ser 260
265 270 Ser Trp Ser Asp Gly Met Ala Phe Cys Ala Leu Val His Asn Phe
Phe 275 280 285 Pro Glu Ala Phe Asp Tyr Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Gln Asn
Arg Arg Gln 290 295 300 Asn Phe Glu Val Ala Phe Ser Ser Ala Glu Thr
His Ala Asp Cys Pro 305 310 315 320 Gln Leu Leu Asp Thr Glu Asp Met
Val Arg Leu Arg Glu Pro Asp Trp 325 330 335 Lys Cys Val Tyr Thr Tyr
Ile Gln Glu Phe Tyr Arg Cys Leu Val Gln 340 345 350 Lys Gly Leu Val
Lys Thr Lys Lys Ser 355 360 124 46 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (24) Xaa
equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 124 Leu Pro Thr
Leu His Ser Leu Ser Ser Tyr Gly Cys Pro Leu Thr Pro 1 5 10 15 Ala
Ala Pro Arg Glu Ala Leu Xaa Thr Cys Val Ile His Val Ser Asn 20 25
30 Lys Pro Pro Ser Thr Pro Ser Cys Val Pro His Ala Pro Val 35 40 45
125 46 PRT Homo sapiens 125 His Leu Cys Cys Val Gly Val Gly Gly Pro
Phe Ala His Ala Trp Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Pro Cys Pro Asp Gln Arg Asp
Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Arg Leu Gln 20 25 30 Glu Ala Arg Gly Arg Pro
Gly Glu Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Ala 35 40 45 126 46 PRT Homo sapiens
126 Thr Glu Thr Thr Thr Arg His Ser Gln Arg Ala Ala Asp Gly Ser Ala
1 5 10 15 Val Ser Thr Val Thr Lys Thr Glu Arg Leu Val His Ser Asn
Asp Gly 20 25 30 Thr Arg Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Thr Val Glu Ser Ser
Phe Val 35 40 45 127 46 PRT Homo sapiens 127 Arg Arg Ser Glu Asn
Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Met Met Gln Thr Lys Thr 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Ser
Ser Ser Ser Ser Lys Lys Met Gly Ser Ile Phe Asp Arg 20 25 30 Glu
Asp Gln Ala Ser Pro Arg Ala Gly Ser Leu Ala Ala Leu 35 40 45 128 47
PRT Homo sapiens 128 Glu Lys Arg Gln Ala Glu Lys Lys Lys Glu Leu
Met Lys Ala Gln Ser 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Lys Thr Ser Ala Ser Gln Ala
Arg Lys Ala Met Ile Glu Lys 20 25 30 Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Ala Ala
Gly Ser Pro Gly Gly Pro Arg Ala 35 40 45 129 47 PRT Homo sapiens
129 Ala Val Gln Arg Ser Thr Ser Phe Gly Val Pro Asn Ala Asn Ser Ile
1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Met Leu Leu Asp Trp Cys Arg Ala Lys Thr Arg Gly
Tyr Glu 20 25 30 His Val Asp Ile Gln Asn Phe Ser Ser Ser Trp Ser
Asp Gly Met 35 40 45 130 49 PRT Homo sapiens 130 Ala Phe Cys Ala
Leu Val His Asn Phe Phe Pro Glu Ala Phe Asp Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gly Gln
Leu Ser Pro Gln Asn Arg Arg Gln Asn Phe Glu Val Ala Phe 20 25 30
Ser Ser Ala Glu Thr His Ala Asp Cys Pro Gln Leu Leu Asp Thr Glu 35
40 45 Asp 131 34 PRT Homo sapiens 131 Met Val Arg Leu Arg Glu Pro
Asp Trp Lys Cys Val Tyr Thr Tyr Ile 1 5 10 15 Gln Glu Phe Tyr Arg
Cys Leu Val Gln Lys Gly Leu Val Lys Thr Lys 20 25 30 Lys Ser 132
341 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (21) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 132 Lys Met Glu Trp Leu Ala Asp Pro Thr Ala
Trp Leu Gly Leu Leu Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Val Leu Xaa Leu Val Leu
Gly Ile Asp Asn Leu Val Phe Ile 20 25 30 Xaa Ile Xaa Ala Xaa Lys
Leu Pro Pro Glu Gln Arg Asp Arg Ala Arg 35 40 45 Leu Ile Gly Leu
Ser Leu Ala Leu Leu Met Arg Leu Gly Leu Leu Ala 50 55 60 Ser Ile
Ser Trp Leu Val Thr Leu Thr Gln Pro Leu Phe Glu Val Phe 65 70 75 80
Asp Lys Ser Phe Ser Gly Arg Asp Leu Ile Met Leu Phe Gly Gly Val 85
90 95 Phe Leu Leu Phe Lys Ala Thr Met Glu Leu His Glu Arg Leu Glu
Gly 100 105 110 His Val Ala Gln Arg Thr Gly Asn Val Ala Tyr Ala Met
Phe Trp Pro 115 120 125 Ile Val Ala Gln Ile Val Val Leu Asp Ala Val
Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala 130 135 140 Val Ile Thr Ala Val Gly Met Val Asp
Glu Leu Ala Val Met Met Ile 145 150 155 160 Ala Xaa Ile Ile Ser Ile
Gly Leu Met Ile Val Ala Ser Lys Pro Leu 165 170 175 Thr Arg Phe Val
Asn Ala His Pro Thr Val Ile Met Leu Cys Leu Gly 180 185 190 Phe Leu
Met Met Ile Gly Phe Ala Leu Thr Ala Glu Gly Leu Gly Phe 195 200 205
His Ile Pro Lys Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Ala Ala Ile Gly Phe Ser Ile Leu 210
215 220 Ile Glu Leu Phe Asn Gln Ile Ala Arg Ser Arg Arg Lys Lys Ser
Ala 225 230 235 240 Gln Gly Thr Leu Pro Arg Arg Glu Arg Thr Ala His
Ala Val Met Arg 245 250 255 Leu Leu Gly Gly Arg Asn Leu Ala Val Glu
Glu Val Gly Glu Glu Val 260 265 270 Ala Asp Leu Leu Asp Asn Pro Asp
Ala Asn Gly Gly Pro Leu Phe Asp 275 280 285 Arg Arg Glu Arg Val Met
Ile Ser Gly Val Leu Gln Leu Ala Glu Arg 290 295 300 Pro Ile Arg Thr
Leu Met Thr Pro Arg Ala Lys Val Asp Ser Ile Asp 305 310 315 320 Leu
Ser Asp Asp Pro Xaa Thr Ile Arg Leu Lys Leu Xaa Ile Arg Leu 325 330
335 Thr Arg Ala Cys Pro 340 133 48 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (21) Xaa
equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 133 Lys Met Glu
Trp Leu Ala Asp Pro Thr Ala Trp Leu Gly Leu Leu Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu
Ile Val Leu Xaa Leu Val Leu Gly Ile Asp Asn Leu Val Phe Ile 20 25
30 Xaa Ile Xaa Ala Xaa Lys Leu Pro Pro Glu Gln Arg Asp Arg Ala Arg
35 40 45 134 49 PRT Homo sapiens 134 Leu Ile Gly Leu Ser Leu Ala
Leu Leu Met Arg Leu Gly Leu Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Ile Ser Trp Leu
Val Thr Leu Thr Gln Pro Leu Phe Glu Val Phe 20 25 30 Asp Lys Ser
Phe Ser Gly Arg Asp Leu Ile Met Leu Phe Gly Gly Val 35 40 45 Phe
135 47 PRT Homo sapiens 135 Leu Leu Phe Lys Ala Thr Met Glu Leu His
Glu Arg Leu Glu Gly His 1 5 10 15 Val Ala Gln Arg Thr Gly Asn Val
Ala Tyr Ala Met Phe Trp Pro Ile 20 25 30 Val Ala Gln Ile Val Val
Leu Asp Ala Val Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala 35 40 45 136 49 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (18) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino
acids 136 Val Ile Thr Ala Val Gly Met Val Asp Glu Leu Ala Val Met
Met Ile 1 5 10 15 Ala Xaa Ile Ile Ser Ile Gly Leu Met Ile Val Ala
Ser Lys Pro Leu 20 25 30 Thr Arg Phe Val Asn Ala His Pro Thr Val
Ile Met Leu Cys Leu Gly 35 40 45 Phe 137 50 PRT Homo sapiens 137
Leu Met Met Ile Gly Phe Ala Leu Thr Ala Glu Gly Leu Gly Phe His 1 5
10 15 Ile Pro Lys Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Ala Ala Ile Gly Phe Ser Ile Leu
Ile 20 25 30 Glu Leu Phe Asn Gln Ile Ala Arg Ser Arg Arg Lys Lys
Ser Ala Gln 35 40 45 Gly Thr 50 138 48 PRT Homo sapiens 138 Leu Pro
Arg Arg Glu Arg Thr Ala His Ala Val Met Arg Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15
Gly Arg Asn Leu Ala Val Glu Glu Val Gly Glu Glu Val Ala Asp Leu 20
25 30 Leu Asp Asn Pro Asp Ala Asn Gly Gly Pro Leu Phe Asp Arg Arg
Glu 35 40 45 139 50 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (35) Xaa equals any of
the naturally occurring L-amino acids 139 Arg Val Met Ile Ser Gly
Val Leu Gln Leu Ala Glu Arg Pro Ile Arg 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Met Thr
Pro Arg Ala Lys Val Asp Ser Ile Asp Leu Ser Asp 20 25 30 Asp Pro
Xaa Thr Ile Arg Leu Lys Leu Xaa Ile Arg Leu Thr Arg Ala 35 40 45
Cys Pro 50 140 15 PRT Homo sapiens 140 Leu Leu Thr Ser Pro Val Ser
Trp His Ser Thr Val Pro Ser Trp 1 5 10 15 141 12 PRT Homo sapiens
141 Ser Ala Leu Ser Ile Ser Asn His Gln Gly Phe Phe 1 5 10 142 32
PRT Homo sapiens 142 His Lys Gly Ser Gly Arg Pro Pro Thr Lys Glu
Ala Met Glu Pro Met 1 5 10 15 Glu Leu Met Glu Glu Met Leu Gly Leu
Trp Val Ser Ala Asp Thr Pro 20 25 30 143 10 PRT Homo sapiens 143
Thr Val Lys His Glu Val Ile His Ala Leu 1 5 10 144 562 PRT Homo
sapiens SITE (2) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino
acids 144 Glu Xaa Leu Leu Pro Glu Lys Lys Asn Leu Val Lys Asn Lys
Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Xaa Xaa Ala Ile Ser Tyr Leu Glu Lys Thr Phe Gln
Val Arg Arg Pro 20 25 30 Ala Gly Thr Ile Leu Leu Ser Arg Gln Cys
Ala Thr Asn Gln Tyr Leu 35 40 45 Arg Lys Glu Asn Asp Pro His Arg
Tyr Cys Thr Gly Glu Cys Ala Ala 50 55 60 His Thr Lys Cys Gly Pro
Val Ile Val Pro Glu Glu His Leu Gln Gln 65 70 75 80 Cys Arg Val Tyr
Arg Gly Gly Lys Trp Pro His Gly Ala Val Gly Val 85 90 95 Pro Asp
Gln Glu Gly Ile Ser Asp Ala Asp Phe Val Leu Tyr Val Gly 100 105 110
Ala Leu Ala Thr Glu Arg Cys Ser His Glu Asn Ile Ile Ser Tyr Ala 115
120 125 Ala Tyr Cys Gln Gln Glu Ala Asn Met Asp Arg Pro Ile Ala Gly
Tyr 130 135 140 Ala Asn Leu Cys Pro Asn Met Ile Ser Thr Gln Pro Gln
Glu Phe Val 145 150 155 160 Gly Met Leu Ser Thr Val Lys His Glu Val
Ile His Ala Leu Gly Phe 165 170 175 Ser Ala Gly Leu Phe Ala Phe Tyr
His Asp Lys Asp Gly Asn Pro Leu 180 185 190 Thr Ser Arg Phe Ala Asp
Gly Leu Pro Pro Phe Asn Tyr Ser Leu Gly 195 200 205 Leu Tyr Gln Trp
Ser Asp Lys Val Val Arg Lys Val Xaa Arg Leu Trp 210 215 220 Asp Val
Arg Asp Asn Lys Ile Val Arg His Thr Val Tyr Leu Leu Val 225 230 235
240 Thr Pro Arg Val Val Glu Glu Ala Arg Lys His Phe Asp Cys Pro Val
245 250 255 Leu Glu Gly Met Glu Leu Glu Asn Gln Gly Gly Val Gly Thr
Glu Leu 260 265 270 Asn His Trp Glu Lys Arg Leu Leu Glu Asn Glu Ala
Met Thr Gly Ser 275 280 285 His Thr Gln Asn Arg Val Leu Ser Arg Ile
Thr Leu Ala Leu Met Glu 290 295 300 Asp Thr Gly Trp Tyr
Lys Ala Asn Tyr Ser Met Ala Glu Lys Leu Asp 305 310 315 320 Trp Gly
Arg Gly Met Gly Cys Asp Phe Val Arg Lys Ser Cys Lys Phe 325 330 335
Trp Ile Asp Gln Gln Arg Gln Lys Arg Gln Met Leu Ser Pro Tyr Cys 340
345 350 Asp Thr Leu Arg Ser Asn Pro Leu Gln Leu Thr Cys Arg Gln Asp
Gln 355 360 365 Arg Ala Val Ala Val Cys Asn Leu Gln Lys Phe Pro Lys
Pro Leu Pro 370 375 380 Gln Glu Tyr Gln Tyr Phe Asp Glu Leu Ser Gly
Ile Pro Ala Glu Asp 385 390 395 400 Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Gly Gly Ser Val
Glu Ile Ala Asp Tyr Xaa Pro Phe 405 410 415 Ser Gln Glu Phe Ser Trp
His Leu Ser Gly Glu Tyr Gln Arg Ser Ser 420 425 430 Asp Cys Arg Ile
Leu Glu Asn Gln Pro Glu Ile Phe Lys Asn Tyr Gly 435 440 445 Ala Glu
Lys Tyr Gly Pro His Ser Val Cys Leu Ile Gln Lys Ser Ala 450 455 460
Phe Val Met Glu Lys Cys Glu Arg Lys Leu Ser Tyr Pro Asp Trp Gly 465
470 475 480 Ser Gly Cys Tyr Gln Val Ser Cys Ser Pro Gln Gly Leu Lys
Val Trp 485 490 495 Val Gln Asp Thr Ser Tyr Leu Cys Ser Arg Ala Gly
Gln Val Leu Pro 500 505 510 Val Ser Ile Gln Met Asn Gly Trp Ile His
Asp Gly Asn Leu Leu Cys 515 520 525 Pro Ser Cys Trp Asp Phe Cys Glu
Leu Cys Pro Pro Glu Thr Asp Pro 530 535 540 Pro Ala Thr Asn Leu Thr
Arg Ala Leu Pro Leu Asp Leu Cys Ser Cys 545 550 555 560 Ser Ser 145
47 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (2) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 145 Glu Xaa Leu Leu Pro Glu Lys Lys Asn Leu
Val Lys Asn Lys Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Xaa Xaa Ala Ile Ser Tyr Leu Glu
Lys Thr Phe Gln Val Arg Arg Pro 20 25 30 Ala Gly Thr Ile Leu Leu
Ser Arg Gln Cys Ala Thr Asn Gln Tyr 35 40 45 146 45 PRT Homo
sapiens 146 Leu Arg Lys Glu Asn Asp Pro His Arg Tyr Cys Thr Gly Glu
Cys Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala His Thr Lys Cys Gly Pro Val Ile Val Pro Glu
Glu His Leu Gln 20 25 30 Gln Cys Arg Val Tyr Arg Gly Gly Lys Trp
Pro His Gly 35 40 45 147 45 PRT Homo sapiens 147 Ala Val Gly Val
Pro Asp Gln Glu Gly Ile Ser Asp Ala Asp Phe Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr
Val Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Glu Arg Cys Ser His Glu Asn Ile 20 25 30
Ile Ser Tyr Ala Ala Tyr Cys Gln Gln Glu Ala Asn Met 35 40 45 148 46
PRT Homo sapiens 148 Asp Arg Pro Ile Ala Gly Tyr Ala Asn Leu Cys
Pro Asn Met Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Gln Pro Gln Glu Phe Val Gly Met
Leu Ser Thr Val Lys His Glu 20 25 30 Val Ile His Ala Leu Gly Phe
Ser Ala Gly Leu Phe Ala Phe 35 40 45 149 45 PRT Homo sapiens SITE
(38) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 149
Tyr His Asp Lys Asp Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Ser Arg Phe Ala Asp Gly 1 5
10 15 Leu Pro Pro Phe Asn Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Tyr Gln Trp Ser Asp
Lys 20 25 30 Val Val Arg Lys Val Xaa Arg Leu Trp Asp Val Arg Asp 35
40 45 150 46 PRT Homo sapiens 150 Asn Lys Ile Val Arg His Thr Val
Tyr Leu Leu Val Thr Pro Arg Val 1 5 10 15 Val Glu Glu Ala Arg Lys
His Phe Asp Cys Pro Val Leu Glu Gly Met 20 25 30 Glu Leu Glu Asn
Gln Gly Gly Val Gly Thr Glu Leu Asn His 35 40 45 151 45 PRT Homo
sapiens 151 Trp Glu Lys Arg Leu Leu Glu Asn Glu Ala Met Thr Gly Ser
His Thr 1 5 10 15 Gln Asn Arg Val Leu Ser Arg Ile Thr Leu Ala Leu
Met Glu Asp Thr 20 25 30 Gly Trp Tyr Lys Ala Asn Tyr Ser Met Ala
Glu Lys Leu 35 40 45 152 45 PRT Homo sapiens 152 Asp Trp Gly Arg
Gly Met Gly Cys Asp Phe Val Arg Lys Ser Cys Lys 1 5 10 15 Phe Trp
Ile Asp Gln Gln Arg Gln Lys Arg Gln Met Leu Ser Pro Tyr 20 25 30
Cys Asp Thr Leu Arg Ser Asn Pro Leu Gln Leu Thr Cys 35 40 45 153 47
PRT Homo sapiens 153 Arg Gln Asp Gln Arg Ala Val Ala Val Cys Asn
Leu Gln Lys Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Pro Leu Pro Gln Glu Tyr Gln Tyr
Phe Asp Glu Leu Ser Gly Ile 20 25 30 Pro Ala Glu Asp Leu Pro Tyr
Tyr Gly Gly Ser Val Glu Ile Ala 35 40 45 154 48 PRT Homo sapiens
SITE (3) Xaa equals any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids
154 Asp Tyr Xaa Pro Phe Ser Gln Glu Phe Ser Trp His Leu Ser Gly Glu
1 5 10 15 Tyr Gln Arg Ser Ser Asp Cys Arg Ile Leu Glu Asn Gln Pro
Glu Ile 20 25 30 Phe Lys Asn Tyr Gly Ala Glu Lys Tyr Gly Pro His
Ser Val Cys Leu 35 40 45 155 46 PRT Homo sapiens 155 Ile Gln Lys
Ser Ala Phe Val Met Glu Lys Cys Glu Arg Lys Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Tyr
Pro Asp Trp Gly Ser Gly Cys Tyr Gln Val Ser Cys Ser Pro Gln 20 25
30 Gly Leu Lys Val Trp Val Gln Asp Thr Ser Tyr Leu Cys Ser 35 40 45
156 57 PRT Homo sapiens 156 Arg Ala Gly Gln Val Leu Pro Val Ser Ile
Gln Met Asn Gly Trp Ile 1 5 10 15 His Asp Gly Asn Leu Leu Cys Pro
Ser Cys Trp Asp Phe Cys Glu Leu 20 25 30 Cys Pro Pro Glu Thr Asp
Pro Pro Ala Thr Asn Leu Thr Arg Ala Leu 35 40 45 Pro Leu Asp Leu
Cys Ser Cys Ser Ser 50 55 157 9 PRT Homo sapiens 157 Ile Lys Glu
Lys Leu His Val His Gly 1 5 158 9 PRT Homo sapiens 158 Gly Phe Gly
Val Tyr Ile Leu Tyr Ala 1 5 159 17 PRT Homo sapiens 159 Lys Pro Ser
Gly Thr Val Tyr Thr Leu Phe Ser Leu Asn Ser Gly Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu
160 19 PRT Homo sapiens 160 Ala Asp Leu Thr Ala Val Cys Ser Ala Trp
Lys Pro Gly Ala Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Val Gly Leu 161 19 PRT Homo
sapiens 161 Ala Asp Leu Thr Ala Val Cys Ser Ala Trp Lys Pro Gly Ala
Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Val Gly Leu 162 106 PRT Homo sapiens 162 Gly Ser
Asn Lys Leu Ile Asn His Leu Glu Gln Cys Ser Ile Gly Trp 1 5 10 15
Ile Phe Val Cys Leu Phe Val Cys Cys Tyr Ser Phe Cys Val Met Phe 20
25 30 Cys Ile Gln Gln Lys Trp Leu Phe Ser Phe Leu Phe Tyr Glu Val
Gly 35 40 45 Leu Met Gly Ile Asp Ser Leu Arg Lys Lys Tyr Asn Cys
Lys Ser Val 50 55 60 Glu Val Phe Pro Ser Gln Asp Val Lys Cys Gln
Arg Ser Asp Ser Cys 65 70 75 80 Gly Arg Met Gly Ser Lys Leu Tyr Lys
Ser Leu Glu Met Asn Glu Val 85 90 95 Arg Gln Leu Ser Leu Arg Gln
Lys Thr Met 100 105 163 60 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (12) Xaa equals
any of the naturally occurring L-amino acids 163 Thr Thr Trp Ala
Thr Ser Ser Val Val Ala Arg Xaa Thr His His Leu 1 5 10 15 Phe Pro
Pro His Ser Gly Ile Ser Val Asn Ile Gln Asp Leu Ala Pro 20 25 30
Ser Cys Ala Gly Phe Leu Phe Gly Val Ala Asn Thr Ala Gly Ala Leu 35
40 45 Ala Gly Val Val Gly Val Cys Leu Gly Gly Tyr Leu 50 55 60 164
103 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (12) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 164 Thr Thr Trp Ala Thr Ser Ser Val Val Ala
Arg Xaa Thr His His Leu 1 5 10 15 Phe Pro Pro His Ser Gly Ile Ser
Val Asn Ile Gln Asp Leu Ala Pro 20 25 30 Ser Cys Ala Gly Phe Leu
Phe Gly Val Ala Asn Thr Ala Gly Ala Leu 35 40 45 Ala Gly Val Val
Gly Val Cys Leu Gly Gly Tyr Leu Met Glu Thr Thr 50 55 60 Gly Ser
Trp Thr Cys Leu Phe Asn Leu Val Ala Ile Ile Ser Asn Leu 65 70 75 80
Gly Leu Cys Thr Phe Leu Val Phe Gly Gln Ala Gln Arg Val Asp Leu 85
90 95 Ser Ser Thr His Glu Asp Leu 100 165 27 PRT Homo sapiens 165
Asp Ser Pro Leu Thr Val Leu Pro Glu Asp Gly Tyr Gly Ser Asp Ser 1 5
10 15 His Leu Ser Ser Gln Val Val Arg Gly Pro Thr 20 25 166 153 PRT
Homo sapiens 166 Met Leu Val Thr Ala Tyr Leu Ala Phe Val Gly Leu
Leu Ala Ser Cys 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Leu Glu Leu Ser Arg Cys Arg Ala
Lys Pro Pro Gly Arg Ala 20 25 30 Cys Ser Asn Pro Ser Phe Leu Arg
Phe Gln Leu Asp Phe Tyr Gln Val 35 40 45 Tyr Phe Leu Ala Leu Ala
Ala Asp Trp Leu Gln Ala Pro Tyr Leu Tyr 50 55 60 Lys Leu Tyr Gln
His Tyr Tyr Phe Leu Glu Gly Gln Ile Ala Ile Leu 65 70 75 80 Tyr Val
Cys Gly Leu Ala Ser Thr Val Leu Phe Gly Leu Val Ala Ser 85 90 95
Ser Leu Val Asp Trp Leu Gly Arg Lys Asn Ser Cys Val Leu Phe Ser 100
105 110 Leu Thr Tyr Ser Leu Cys Cys Leu Thr Lys Leu Ser Gln Asp Tyr
Phe 115 120 125 Val Leu Leu Val Gly Arg Ala Leu Gly Gly Leu Ser Thr
Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Leu Ser Leu Arg Gly Leu Val Tyr Pro 145 150
167 508 PRT Homo sapiens SITE (6) Xaa equals any of the naturally
occurring L-amino acids 167 Gly Gly Gly Gln Arg Xaa Ala Arg Leu Pro
Glu Ala Gly Cys Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Arg Glu Arg Cys Trp Asn Pro Ser
Arg Ser Arg Ser His Ser Gly Glu 20 25 30 Gly Gly Leu Ala Ala Trp
Ser Arg Thr Cys Pro Gly Arg Pro Arg Arg 35 40 45 Pro Gly Gln Gln
Val Val Arg Gly Pro Thr Met Leu Val Thr Ala Tyr 50 55 60 Leu Ala
Phe Val Gly Leu Leu Ala Ser Cys Leu Gly Leu Glu Leu Ser 65 70 75 80
Arg Cys Arg Ala Lys Pro Pro Gly Arg Ala Cys Ser Asn Pro Ser Phe 85
90 95 Leu Arg Phe Gln Leu Asp Phe Tyr Gln Val Tyr Phe Leu Ala Leu
Ala 100 105 110 Ala Asp Trp Leu Gln Ala Pro Tyr Leu Tyr Lys Leu Tyr
Gln His Tyr 115 120 125 Tyr Phe Leu Glu Gly Gln Ile Ala Ile Leu Tyr
Val Cys Gly Leu Ala 130 135 140 Ser Thr Val Leu Phe Gly Leu Val Ala
Ser Ser Leu Val Asp Trp Leu 145 150 155 160 Gly Arg Lys Asn Ser Cys
Val Leu Phe Ser Leu Thr Tyr Ser Leu Cys 165 170 175 Cys Leu Thr Lys
Leu Ser Gln Asp Tyr Phe Val Leu Leu Val Gly Arg 180 185 190 Ala Leu
Gly Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Leu Leu Phe Ser Ala Phe Glu Ala 195 200 205
Trp Tyr Ile His Glu His Val Glu Arg His Asp Phe Pro Ala Glu Trp 210
215 220 Ile Pro Ala Thr Phe Ala Arg Ala Ala Phe Trp Asn His Val Leu
Ala 225 230 235 240 Val Val Ala Gly Val Ala Ala Glu Ala Val Ala Ser
Trp Ile Gly Leu 245 250 255 Gly Pro Val Ala Pro Phe Val Ala Ala Ile
Pro Leu Leu Ala Leu Ala 260 265 270 Gly Ala Leu Ala Leu Arg Asn Trp
Gly Glu Asn Tyr Asp Arg Gln Arg 275 280 285 Ala Phe Ser Arg Thr Cys
Ala Gly Gly Leu Arg Cys Leu Leu Ser Asp 290 295 300 Arg Arg Val Leu
Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile Gln Ala Leu Phe Glu Ser Val 305 310 315 320 Ile
Phe Ile Phe Val Phe Leu Trp Thr Pro Val Leu Asp Pro His Gly 325 330
335 Ala Pro Leu Gly Ile Ile Phe Ser Ser Phe Met Ala Ala Ser Leu Leu
340 345 350 Gly Ser Ser Leu Tyr Arg Ile Ala Thr Ser Lys Arg Tyr His
Leu Gln 355 360 365 Pro Met His Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala Val Leu Ile Val
Val Phe Ser Leu 370 375 380 Phe Met Leu Thr Phe Ser Thr Ser Pro Gly
Gln Glu Ser Pro Val Glu 385 390 395 400 Ser Phe Ile Ala Phe Leu Leu
Ile Glu Leu Ala Cys Gly Leu Tyr Phe 405 410 415 Pro Ser Met Ser Phe
Leu Arg Arg Lys Val Ile Pro Glu Thr Glu Gln 420 425 430 Ala Gly Val
Leu Asn Trp Phe Arg Val Pro Leu His Ser Leu Ala Cys 435 440 445 Leu
Gly Leu Leu Val Leu His Asp Ser Asp Arg Lys Thr Gly Thr Arg 450 455
460 Asn Met Phe Ser Ile Cys Ser Ala Val Met Val Met Ala Leu Leu Ala
465 470 475 480 Val Val Gly Leu Phe Thr Val Val Arg His Asp Ala Glu
Leu Arg Val 485 490 495 Pro Ser Pro Thr Glu Glu Pro Tyr Ala Pro Glu
Leu 500 505 168 23 PRT Homo sapiens 168 Val Glu Ala Ile Phe Ser Glu
Leu Val Ile Val Leu Asn Lys Met Ser 1 5 10 15 His Cys Val Leu Ser
Gly Thr 20 169 68 PRT Homo sapiens 169 Val Glu Ala Ile Phe Ser Glu
Leu Val Ile Val Leu Asn Lys Met Ser 1 5 10 15 His Cys Val Leu Ser
Gly Thr Met Gln Ala His Pro Ile Phe Ile Tyr 20 25 30 His Lys Arg
Val Phe Phe Leu Leu Lys Phe Ile Phe Tyr Ile Ile Phe 35 40 45 Cys
Phe Phe Phe Leu Asp Ile Ser Thr Leu Tyr Cys Ser Leu Ser Thr 50 55
60 Phe Cys Lys Lys 65 170 26 PRT Homo sapiens 170 Lys Pro Thr Lys
Met Pro Leu Leu Trp Val Trp Ala Leu Ile Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Val Ser
Gln Pro Glu Leu Trp Tyr Arg Glu 20 25 171 73 PRT Homo sapiens 171
Lys Pro Thr Lys Met Pro Leu Leu Trp Val Trp Ala Leu Ile Ala Ala 1 5
10 15 Val Ser Gln Pro Glu Leu Trp Tyr Arg Glu Met Gly Val Leu Leu
Leu 20 25 30 Phe Ser Phe Phe Phe Pro Asn Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro Val
Val Leu Pro 35 40 45 Ser Tyr Phe Pro Asn Ser Ser Ser Tyr Phe Val
Phe Cys Thr Ser Phe 50 55 60 Trp Arg Pro Leu Ser Phe Gln Lys Gly 65
70 172 85 PRT Homo sapiens 172 Cys Phe Thr His Trp Asn Val Phe Pro
Arg Leu Trp Met Thr Ser Phe 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Glu Arg Val Gln Glu
Gly Trp Lys Thr Pro Gly Phe Lys Leu 20 25 30 Ser Ile Pro His Met
Gly Phe Ser Ile Ile Phe Arg Pro Glu Ala Ala 35 40 45 Arg Pro Glu
Val Arg Leu His Leu Ser Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Leu Leu 50 55 60 Ala
Thr Leu Gly Phe Leu Leu Gly Thr Met Cys Gly Cys Gly Met Cys 65 70
75 80 Glu Gln Lys Gly Gly 85
* * * * *