U.S. patent application number 11/042304 was filed with the patent office on 2005-06-09 for system and method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject using an adaptive autostereoscopic display.
Invention is credited to Agostinelli, John A., Covannon, Edward, Patton, David L., Stephens, James G..
Application Number | 20050124851 11/042304 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 31187747 |
Filed Date | 2005-06-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050124851 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Patton, David L. ; et
al. |
June 9, 2005 |
System and method for conditioning the psychological state of a
subject using an adaptive autostereoscopic display
Abstract
An adaptive autostereoscopic display system (10) provides an
apparatus for conditioning the psychological state, physiological
state, or behavior of a subject (12) by displaying a stereoscopic
virtual image at a left viewing pupil (14l) and a right viewing
pupil (14r). A first set of images (100) is displayed and
physiological response measurements are obtained from the subject
(12). Based on the response of the subject (12) a personalized
image response profile is obtained. Then, in order to condition the
psychological state, physiological state, or behavior of the
subject (12), a second set of images (102), based on the
personalized image response profile is displayed.
Inventors: |
Patton, David L.; (Webster,
NY) ; Agostinelli, John A.; (Rochester, NY) ;
Stephens, James G.; (Pittsford, NY) ; Covannon,
Edward; (Ontario, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Mark G. Bocchetti
Patent Legal Staff
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street
Rochester
NY
14650-2201
US
|
Family ID: |
31187747 |
Appl. No.: |
11/042304 |
Filed: |
January 24, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11042304 |
Jan 24, 2005 |
|
|
|
10212342 |
Aug 5, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/26 ; 128/905;
351/240; 600/300; 600/558 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/4884 20130101;
A61M 2021/005 20130101; A61M 21/00 20130101; A61B 5/486
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
600/026 ;
600/300; 600/558; 351/240; 128/905 |
International
Class: |
A61M 021/00; A61B
003/02; A61B 005/00; A61B 013/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject,
the method comprising the steps of: (a) displaying a first set of
stereoscopic images; (b) obtaining response data from the subject;
(c) creating a personalized image response profile based on said
response data; and (d) according to said personalized image
response profile, displaying a second set of stereoscopic images
for obtaining a predetermined response from the subject.
2. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 1 wherein the step of displaying a first set of
stereoscopic images comprises displaying autostereoscopic
images.
3. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined response is a
stress reduction response.
4. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined response is a
behavioral response.
5. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined response is for
entertainment of the subject.
6. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 1 wherein the step of displaying said first set
of stereoscopic images further comprises the step of modifying, in
response to feedback data about the subject, the spatial position
of a viewing pupil for the subject, comprising: (a) generating a
command, conditioned by said feedback data, said command provided
for obtaining an adjustment for the spatial position of said
viewing pupil; and (b) controlling a movement of a viewing pupil
forming apparatus in response to said command, said movement
achieving an optical adjustment of the spatial position of said
viewing pupil.
7. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 6 wherein the step of controlling said movement
of said viewing pupil forming apparatus comprises the step of
moving a ball lens.
8. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 6 wherein the step of controlling said movement
of said viewing pupil forming apparatus comprises the step of
moving a curved mirror.
9. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 6 wherein the step of controlling said movement
of said viewing pupil forming apparatus comprises the step of
moving a beamsplitter.
10. A method for conditioning the psychological state of a subject
according to claim 6 further comprising the step of controlling a
movement of a chair on which the subject is seated, said movement
adjusting the position of said viewing pupil relative to an eye of
the subject.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/212,342,
filed Aug. 5, 2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to the field of
psychological health management and in particular relates to an
autostereoscopic display system adapted for psychological health
management and to a method for using an autostereoscopic display
system for conditioning the psychological state of a subject for
biofeedback, stress management, behavior modification,
entertainment, and similar applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The value of image display for conditioning the
psychological state, physiological state, or overall behavior of a
human subject is widely recognized and documented, with
applications in numerous fields. In health-related fields such
conditioning can be used for purposes such as stress management as
well as for helping in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety,
brain injury, or stroke, and other psychological and physiological
conditions. In behavioral sciences, such conditioning can be
applied to behavior modification, for example. In training
applications, conditioning the psychological state, physiological
state, or overall behavior of a human subject can be useful in
conjunction with simulation systems. In entertainment fields, such
conditioning, coupled with careful measurement techniques, could be
used to adapt a visual entertainment experience to suit a
particular human subject.
[0004] For the purpose of this application, it is instructive to
clarify the meaning of the verb "condition" as used herein with
reference to prior art devices as well as to the present invention.
The verb "condition" is broadly defined in the Merriam-Webster
Collegiate Dictionary as "to adapt, modify, or mold so as to
conform to an environing culture" or "to modify so that an act or
response previously associated with one stimulus becomes associated
with another." Using this sense, the present invention is directed
to an apparatus and method for conditioning the psychological
state, physiological state, or behavior of a human subject by
displaying images to a subject, measuring the subject's response,
and adapting further display operation based upon the measured
response of the subject. In broadest terms, the present invention
is directed to apparatus and methods solutions in health
management, stress management, training, and entertainment. It is
also instructive to observe that, in the broad sense used in this
application, the concept of conditioning the psychological state of
a subject encompasses that of modifying the physiological state or
the behavioral response of the subject.
[0005] An area of particular interest in conditioning the
psychological or physiological state of a subject relates to the
measurement and management of stress. The measurement and
management of a psychological and physiological state, such as the
stress, of a subject is a component of a health management program.
In order to manage stress, which can have both a psychological and
physiological component, it is useful to measure a physiological
state of a subject. Useful types of measurements can include
measuring galvanic skin response, temperature of fingers, toes, or
other extremities, electromyographic (EMG) signals,
electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, heart rate, blood pressure,
etc., to determine the stress level or level of anxiety of the
subject. Dilation of the eye pupil can also be a useful indicator
of stress level. The results of these measurements can be converted
into signals and fed back as an indication of the subject's level
of stress. The subject's level of stress can be determined,
measured and compared to a predetermined base level, then converted
into sound, light, heat, vibration or images and fed back to the
subject.
[0006] Several methods for determining a change in stress levels
are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,963 and commonly-assigned
copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/865,902. The subject
in employing stress-reducing techniques uses sound, light, and
images to help control stress response. Changes due to physical
measures are shown to the subject by a biofeedback device by
changing the sound, heat, vibration, light, or images. In the case
of images, for example the initial state may show an image out of
focus, then, as the stress level decreases, improving focus so that
the image becomes more defined. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,729,
measurements of electro-physiological quantities are used to
control a presentation to a subject of a series of pre-stored
audio-visual sequences. In this reference, the image does not have
to provide feedback and can be used to achieve a relaxed state.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,998 shows an entertainment device that
includes sensing means connected to the subject. In this reference,
the sensing means can, for example, sense the subject's galvanic
skin response and, according to the given measured state of the
subject, provide a given type of audio-visual stimulation for a
timed interval to hold the subject's attention or modify subject
response to a desired state. At the end of the interval, the
subject's state is again measured and a further timed audio-visual
response, based on this measured state, is presented to the
subject.
[0008] In U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,994, an automated and interactive
positive motivation system is disclosed. The system of this
arrangement permits a physician, counselor, or trainer to produce
and send a series of motivational messages and/or questions to a
subject to change or reinforce a specific behavioral response.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,586 discloses a system and method for
diagnosing executive dysfunctions in patients using virtual reality
(VR) technology. However, images shown to the subjects are
displayed on a CRT monitor, constraining the capability of the
system for achieving full engagement of the subject's
attention.
[0010] Psychotherapists have found that mental visualization of
images or guided imagery is a very effective tool for behavior
modification therapy, an important factor in managing a subject's
stress. Implementation of guided imagery based therapies can be
hindered by variety of factors such as a subject's inability to
create and properly control mental images and inability to practice
and apply visualization techniques without assistance.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,846 discloses a system for managing a
psychological and physiological state of a subject using images
that are created according to a personalized preferred response
profile and specifically tailored to the subject. The image display
device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,846 is a high-resolution
color monitor. However, as is noted above, display devices of this
type are limited in providing realistic images. The subject can be
too easily distracted and must exert some effort to become absorbed
in the viewing experience with this type of display.
[0012] There is considerable interest in applying virtual reality
(VR) imaging as part of behavior modification therapy, particularly
for treatment of phobias and related neuroses. However, drawbacks
with existing VR imaging techniques include cost and complexity,
lack of realistic imaging, and an awkward viewing environment due
to the need for the subject to wear goggles, headgear, or special
glasses.
[0013] The potential value of auto stereoscopic display systems is
widely appreciated particularly in entertainment and simulation
fields. Auto stereoscopic display systems include "immersion"
systems, intended to provide a realistic viewing experience for a
subject by visually surrounding the subject with a
three-dimensional image having a very wide field of view. As
differentiated from the more general category of stereoscopic
displays, the auto stereoscopic display is characterized by the
absence of any requirement for a wearable item of any type, such as
goggles, headgear, or special glasses, for example. That is, an
auto stereoscopic display attempts to provide "natural" viewing
conditions for a subject.
[0014] Conventional display systems, such as the type disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,846, use a color display monitor or project an
image onto a screen for viewing. Optically, this type of image is
termed a "real" image, with some form of display surface positioned
where the image is formed in space by the optical system. However,
for realistic viewing in an immersive imaging system, display of a
"virtual" image, as contrasted with a real image, has distinct
advantages. A virtual image, formed by an optical system, appears
to be more natural in appearance than a real image, with a more
lifelike light behavior. A virtual image is not projected onto a
surface and therefore does not exhibit screen or monitor artifacts.
The virtual image appears to the eye as if it has a spatial
position, but this appearance is caused by divergence of light rays
rather than by the actual formation of a focused image. A very
small source object can provide the scene content for a large
virtual image. A display system using a curved mirror and
beamsplitter such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,181 forms
a virtual image that appears to be well behind the curved mirror in
space. As a result, vergence and accommodation effects are improved
over solutions using real image projection. Vergence refers to the
degree at which the observer's eyes must be crossed in order to
fuse the separate images of an object within the field of view.
Vergence decreases, then vanishes as viewed objects become more
distant. Accommodation refers to the requirement that the eye lens
of the observer change shape to maintain retinal focus for the
object of interest. It is known that there can be a temporary
degradation of the observer's depth perception when the observer is
exposed for a period of time to mismatched depth cues for vergence
and accommodation. It is also known that this negative effect on
depth perception can be mitigated when the accommodation cues
correspond to distant image position, as can be provided using
virtual imaging. In addition to providing an image that is easy for
the eye to adapt to, virtual imaging allows a wide field of
view.
[0015] It must be noted that, because of wide use of the term
"virtual reality", there is some confusion of terminology related
to virtual images. In some contexts, virtual images are considered
to be images that are solely computer-generated. However, for the
purposes of the present application, references to "virtual images"
refer to images formed optically in the manner described above and
differentiated from real images. For the purposes of the present
application, virtual image content may be either from natural
sources or may be computer-generated. Virtual reality techniques
may employ either real images, as is described with reference to
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,102,846 and 6,149,586 above, or may employ virtual
images.
[0016] Pupil imaging also provides advantages for realistic
autostereoscopic imaging. In pupil imaging, the eye pupil of the
subject is optically conjugate to the projection lens pupil. This
allows natural head movement if an eye-tracking and compensation
mechanism is employed to adjust the viewing pupil position when the
eye pupil is moved. With a system that updates the image display
according to the position of left and right viewing pupils, some
ability to "look around" an object can be achieved.
[0017] An acknowledged design goal for immersion systems is to
provide the most realistic viewing environment possible. While this
relates most pronouncedly to visual perception, it can also
encompass auditory, tactile, and other sensory perception as well.
It is well known to those skilled in the virtual reality art that,
while the visual display is the primary component needed for an
effective immersion experience, there is substantial added value in
complementing visual accuracy with reinforcement using other senses
of a subject. While the addition of auditory, tactile, and motion
stimuli has been implemented for a more realistic and compelling
motion picture experience to an audience, there is a need to
provide additional sense stimuli in an auto stereoscopic viewing
system. Moreover, the use of such additional stimuli may be
optimized using sensed feedback information from measurements
obtained from a subject.
[0018] Thus, it can be seen that, while there have been some
conventional approaches for conditioning the psychological and
physiological state of a subject using displays that provide real
images, there is a need for solutions that provide a more natural
and realistic viewing experience. In particular, there would be
benefits to providing an improved auto stereoscopic imaging
solution for viewing electronically processed images, where the
solution provides a structurally simple apparatus, minimizes
aberrations and image distortion, and meets demanding requirements
for providing wide field of view with large pupil size, for
compensating for subject head movement and interocular distance
differences, and for providing additional sensory stimulation. At
the same time, such a solution could serve as the basis for a
system that enables a personalized image response profile to be
developed and maintained for conditioning the psychological and
physiological state of a subject or for conditioning a subject's
behavior.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] It is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved autostereoscopic system for conditioning the psychological
and physiological state of a subject or for conditioning a
subject's behavior. With this object in mind, the present invention
provides a system comprising:
[0020] (a) an autostereoscopic image display for providing a
virtual image to the subject, the virtual image viewable at a right
viewing pupil and a left viewing pupil;
[0021] (b) at least one feedback sensor for providing a
physiological measurement from the subject; and
[0022] (c) a control logic processor for obtaining the
physiological measurement from the at least one feedback sensor,
for maintaining a response profile conditioned by the physiological
measurement, and for controlling the selection and processing of
the virtual image by the autostereoscopic image display based on
the response profile.
[0023] A feature of the present invention is the use of an adaptive
autostereoscopic imaging system for display of images to the
subject. In a preferred embodiment, the system forms images using a
ball lens that is conjugate to each viewing pupil due to its
optical relationship to a curved mirror and a beamsplitter.
[0024] A further feature of the present invention is the use of
system control logic for maintaining a profile for the subject,
where the profile is used as a factor in determining image
selection and display.
[0025] It is an advantage of the present invention that it provides
an improved system and method that can be used for therapeutic use
in treatment of a wide variety of psychological and physiological
disorders.
[0026] It is a further advantage of the present invention that it
provides an immersive environment for management and conditioning
of the psychological state of the subject. Distractions of external
equipment, movement, or personnel are minimized so that the subject
can concentrate on visual and other sensory stimuli provided by the
system.
[0027] The present invention provides for both a system and method
for helping to condition or manage the psychological and
physiological state of a subject by utilizing images and other
stimuli such as sound, smell, etc. In the context of the present
invention, the images viewed can be still images, audio-visual
images, or video clips, for example. The apparatus and method of
the present invention can be part of a personal biofeedback program
for managing stress responses or modifying behavior in some way.
With the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is
possible to overcome the disadvantage of generalized image
selection as in conventional arrangements. That is, with the
apparatus and method of the present invention, visual and related
stimuli are based on personal responses of the subject, rather than
on generalized responses obtained from a larger group of subjects.
A subject can then utilize these personal images or stimuli using
an adaptive autostereoscopic display system along with, or as part
of, a biofeedback mechanism for altering the subject's
psychological and physiological state, so as to manage and/or
reduce stress levels, for example.
[0028] The method of the present invention comprises the steps of
creating a personalized preferred image response profile for a
subject by having the subject view a first set of images and then
choose images from the first set of images which provide a
preferred response for the subject, wherein the personalized
preferred image response profile defines preferred characteristics
which are representative of common characteristics of the chosen
images; selecting a second set of images from an image library
which include characteristics that match the preferred
characteristics of the personalized preferred image response
profile; and displaying the selected second set of images to the
subject to help to manage a psychological and physiological state
of the subject.
[0029] The present invention further relates to a method of
changing, managing or helping a subject to manage a psychological
and physiological state using images which comprises the steps of
showing a first set of images to the subject; measuring a
physiological state of the subject as the subject views the first
set of images; and recording images from the first set of images
which provide a preferred response based on the measured
physiological state of the subject, so as to create a personalized
preferred image response profile that defines preferred
characteristics which are representative of common characteristics
of the recorded preferred images.
[0030] The present invention also relates to a system, which
changes, manages or helps to manage a psychological and
physiological state of a subject using images. The system comprises
an image display device which is adapted to store a personalized
preferred image response profile for a subject and to store and
display a set of images from an image library; and a detector
device which measures physiological characteristics of the subject,
wherein the physiological characteristics are indicative of a
stress level of the subject. The image display device comprises a
control mechanism which selects images from the set of images that
include attributes that match attributes of the personalized
preferred image response profile, and displays the selected images
in a desired sequence in accordance with a stress level of the
subject as measured by the detection device, to control a stress
level of the subject.
[0031] The present invention also relates to a method of helping to
manage a subject's psychological and physiological state, the
method comprising the steps of showing a set of stimuli to the
subject; measuring a physiological state of the subject as the
subject views the set of stimuli, and making a recording of stimuli
from the set of stimuli which provide a preferred response based on
the measured physiological state of the subject, so as to create a
personalized preferred response profile that defines preferred
characteristics which are representative of common characteristics
of the recorded stimuli.
[0032] These and other objects, features, and advantages of the
present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art
upon a reading of the following detailed description when taken in
conjunction with the drawings wherein there is shown and described
an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] While the specification concludes with claims particularly
pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the
present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better
understood from the following description when taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0034] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing major components of an
adaptive autostereoscopic imaging system of the present
invention;
[0035] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing key image forming, control
logic, stimulus and feedback components of the system of the
present invention;
[0036] FIG. 3 is a flow chart giving process steps for the present
invention;
[0037] FIG. 4 is a further flow chart showing a comparison of
images, which can be utilized within the system of the present
invention;
[0038] FIG. 5 is an example of a selector device, which can be used
for paired comparisons of images;
[0039] FIG. 6 is a chart illustrating an example of a comparison of
images and attributes which can be utilized with the system of the
present invention;
[0040] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an alternative system of the
present invention; and
[0041] FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing image selection.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0042] The present description is directed in particular to
elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with,
apparatus in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood
that elements not specifically shown or described may take various
forms well known to those skilled in the art.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10, arranged as a biofeedback
imaging apparatus. Adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 can
be used to monitor, condition, and manage the psychological and
physiological state of a subject 12, either controlled by another
person, such as a medical professional, or programmed for control
by subject 12. Although the present invention will be primarily
described as using images for behavior modification such as stress
management, it is recognized that other sensory stimuli such as
sound, smell, touch, for example, can be provided to subject 12
within the context of the present invention. Within this detailed
description, it must be emphasized that the broad definitions for
the terms "conditioning" and "psychological state," given in the
Background section of this application, apply to the present
invention.
[0044] Detailed description of the optical subsystem of adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10 is given in commonly-assigned
copending U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 09/854,699. In the preferred
embodiment, adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 provides
virtual autostereoscopic images at left and right viewing pupils
14l and 14r. Left and right viewing pupil forming apparatus 36l and
36r each project images through a left and right ball lens assembly
30l and 30r onto a beamsplitter 16. Beamsplitter 16 interacts with
a curved mirror 24 to form a virtual image for each viewing pupil
14l and 14r. Within left and right viewing pupil forming apparatus
36l and 36r, images can be generated using a spatial light
modulator such as a liquid crystal device (LCD) or a digital
micromirror device (DMD), for example. Alternately, images could be
generated by one or more lasers, using a grating light valve or
similar electromechanical device, or using an OLED.
[0045] As illustrated in FIG. 1, subject 12 is seated in an
adjustable chair 32 for viewing an image projected by an
autostereoscopic image delivery system 18 to left viewing pupil 14l
and to right viewing pupil 14r. Autostereoscopic image delivery
system 18 comprises left viewing pupil forming apparatus 36l for
forming and positioning left viewing pupil 14l and right viewing
pupil forming apparatus 36r for forming and positioning right
viewing pupil 14r. A housing 58 provides a structure for mounting
the various components of auto stereoscopic image delivery system
18 and related components.
[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a schematic block
diagram with key control and signal paths for major components of
adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10. An image source 42
provides image content to an image generator 40, part of
autostereoscopic image delivery system 18. Image generator 40,
comprising a digital image modifying device under the control of a
control logic processor 50, then cooperates with left and right eye
projection apparatus 20l and 20r and viewing pupil forming
apparatus 36l and 36r (FIG. 1) to provide stereoscopic virtual
images at left and right viewing pupils 14l and 14r.
[0047] Image source 42 may provide any of a number of types of
images, such as, but not limited to, the following:
[0048] (a) Live images from cameras locally or remotely
positioned.
[0049] (b) Images from film, such as conventional motion picture
images.
[0050] (c) Images processed digitally, such as digital cinema
images for example. This can include images stored on a storage
medium, such as a computer hard disk or removable storage device,
for example.
[0051] (d) Images generated digitally, such as computer
simulations. This can include images stored on a storage medium,
such as a computer hard disk or removable storage device, for
example.
[0052] From the description of FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be observed
that similar optical components within autostereoscopic image
delivery system 18 are used to present separate left and right
images to each eye of subject 12. When the description that follows
applies in general to either left- or right-components, appended
"l" and "r" designators are omitted unless otherwise needed.
[0053] Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, control logic processor 50
controls the operation of image generator 40, the position of
projection apparatus 20, and the overall operation of a projection
translation apparatus 60 within auto stereoscopic image delivery
system 18. A beamsplitter positioning apparatus 60b and a mirror
positioning apparatus 60m would enable adaptive autostereoscopic
display system 10 to adapt to changes in position of subject 12 as
well as to changes in height, head position, and the like. Control
logic processor 50 may also control a chair servo mechanism 66 or
movable platform and can accept feedback data about subject 12 from
subject feedback sensors 52 such as cameras 54 or other devices,
such as photosensors, for example. A manual feedback control 104
provides an alternate means for obtaining instructions from subject
12.
[0054] Adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 could be
equipped with a feedback control loop for sensing and responding to
a position or gesture of subject 12. For example, as is described
in commonly-assigned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09/854,699, adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 could be
equipped to sense and compensate for an interocular distance or a
gesture of subject 12 or could use speech recognition as a sensed
input. In addition, adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10
could be designed to provide some measure of compensation for
parallax error or "see-around" capability, adjusting left and right
eye images based on eye positions observed for subject 12.
[0055] Control logic processor 50 may also control other optional
output devices for controlling vibration, temperature, fans, or
other devices. Tactile output could be provided, such as by means
of a glove (not shown) or by one or more fans or other devices.
These tactile devices could also control temperature, such as the
temperature of air from a fan outlet, for example. An olfactory
output apparatus (not shown) could be employed as an output device
for emitting an odor perceptible to subject 12. Optional audio
content from an audio source 70, also under control of control
logic processor 50, can be directed to a speaker system 62 and to
one or more speakers 64. Control logic processor 50 is a computer
of some type, possibly comprising a dedicated CPU or
microprocessor, programmed to generate output commands based on
program instructions and conditioned by sensed input feedback data.
For example, FIG. 1 shows a detector device 11 which can be
operationally associated as a feedback source with adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10. Detector device 11 can be a
measuring or monitoring apparatus for obtaining feedback data from
subject 12, such as galvanic skin response, temperature of fingers
or other extremities, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing, eye
movements, or other functions that indicate the level of stress or
other condition of subject 12. Detector device 11 can be a device
attached to the body in a non-invasive manner, could be an
instrumented glove or other device that is easily worn, could be a
manipulable device, or could be a non-contact sensing device, such
as an optical monitor for measuring pupil dilation, for example. An
interconnect cable 13 or other suitable interface mechanism
connects detector device 11 with a control mechanism 17. Control
mechanism 17 may be programmed to interact with detector device 11
and cause adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 to display a
preferred image based on the measured physiological characteristics
or level of stress of subject 12.
[0056] For example, control mechanism 17 can detect changes in
stress related physiological functions of subject 12 and trigger a
change in the sequence or type of images displayed by adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10. More specifically, control
mechanism 17 can include software that is designed to select images
from a first set of images 100 or from a second set of images 102
supplied by image source 42, where the selected set 100 or 102 is
compatible with attributes defined by a personalized preferred
image response profile for subject 12. Adaptive autostereoscopic
display system 10 would then display the selected images in a
desired sequence in accordance with the stress level of subject 12
as measured by detection device 11, to help manage stress, for
example.
[0057] First set of images 100 may be representative of a
personalized preferred image response profile for subject 12, the
details of which will be described later. First set of images 100
can be tailored to information obtained from subject 12 and can
include a series of images based on a variety of themes (such as
ocean, forest, desert, sunset, or similar themes, for example.)
Alternately, first set of images 100 may include personal images of
subject 12, such as family and friends, for example. Images in
first or second set of images 100 or 102 can be arranged in a
preset sequence, such as from chaotic, to ordered, to placid, as
might be useful for helping to modify behavior and reduce stress,
for example. Adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 can
further be adapted to store for display, in image source 42, second
set of images 102 from an image library or from personal images of
subject 12. As previously discussed, the stored images can be of
any type, such as still images, audio-visual images, video clips,
or computer-generated images, for example.
[0058] Creating a Personalized Preferred Image Response Profile
[0059] The process of creating a personalized preferred image
response profile for determining first set of images 100 for each
subject 12 will now be described. The personalized preferred image
response profile is created by having subject 12 view a wide
variety of images and measuring physiological effects on subject 12
as an indicator of psychological state. The measurements can be
made using observer feedback sensor 52, camera 54, or detector
device 11. Measurements could record one or more physiological
symptoms, such as, but not limited to EMG, EEG, galvanic skin
response, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, eye
movement, or pupil dilation, for example. The measurements obtained
are correlated to the corresponding image or image sequence viewed
by subject 12 at the time. The measured results indicate how
subject 12 reacts to a specific image or to a sequence of images.
From this data, a personalized preferred image response profile is
created for subject 12. In practice, first set of images 100 will
generally be images that provide a preferred response for the type
of behavior modification desired, such as lowering a stress level.
In this way, the personalized preferred image response profile can
include data from first set of images 100 which is representative
of common characteristics, or attributes of first set of images 100
that tend to provide a preferred response to the individual. The
personalized preferred image response profile can then be used to
select images from an image library which includes second set of
images 102. The selected images can be used by as personal
biofeedback images by subject 12. Thus, by using the personalized
preferred image response profile, images are selected that have a
desired effect for subject 12. More generally, the personalized
preferred image response profile may be comprised of a set of
information that describes the selected images and others that
match the response profile.
[0060] As an example, to create a personalized preferred image
response profile, subject 12 accesses an image library stored in
image source 42 and keys in a code that links to the personalized
preferred image response profile specific to subject 12. This
personalized preferred image response profile is then used by the
image library to select images from the image library. These
selected images are displayed so that subject 12 can choose a
desired set. This selected set can then be loaded as second set of
images 102, for example. The personalized image response profile
allows subject 12 to pick from a variety of categories such as
seascapes, desert scenes, forest scenes or personal images such as
from home, garden, favorite museum, pets, or other images, for
example. This allows subject 12 to change the images that are used
as biofeedback, reducing the risk that displayed images within
second set of images 102 will have an adverse effect on the
psychological state of subject 12.
[0061] Once a personalized preferred image response profile is set
up, subject 12 interacts with detecting device 11 and loads the
selected images from second set of images 102 for display by
adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10. The output from
detecting device 11 feeds into control mechanism 17 over
interconnect cable 13 or over some other type of wireless
interface. Subject 12 can set a base state by recording measured
levels of stress, using measurements of symptoms such as EMG, EEG,
galvanic skin response, skin temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure, eye movement, and the like. An image from the selected
images of second set of images 102 which relates to this level of
stress can them be displayed on adaptive autostereoscopic display
system 10. At this point, subject 12 can begin a personal stress
reduction regime and determine the changing level of stress is
manifested with the transition in images. For example, as the
stress level decreases, the images displayed to subject 12 could
change from a chaotic state to a serene state. In another
arrangement, the image transition may be from a first image to a
second image, where the second image is very unlike the first
image, with a corresponding measurement made of the change in
stress symptoms for subject 12, on the basis of the personalized
preferred image response profile. Image classification may be based
on resolution, color, contrast, scene content, or other
characteristic.
[0062] Referring now to FIG. 3, subject 12 creates a profile using
a profile set in an initial step 300. Subject 12 then obtains an
image profile set (step 301A). As illustrated in step 301B, the
profile set can include images arranged in a series of twos which
are used for paired comparisons. Subject 12 is then shown the first
of the two images and then the second of the two images and asked
to chose a preferred image (step 302). FIG. 4 illustrates a flow
chart with respect to the comparison of images of step 302, while
FIG. 5 illustrates a selector device 80, connected to the system of
the present invention, that can be used by subject 12 to choose,
compare and select images. As shown in FIG. 5, selector device 80
includes selector buttons 81, 82, 83, and 84. Selector button 81
corresponds to image A and is activated or depressed by subject 12
when image A provides a preferred response when compared to image
B. Selector button 83 corresponds to image B and is activated or
depressed by subject 12 when image B provides the preferred
response when compared to image A. Selector button 82 can be
activated or depressed by subject 12 when no image is preferred.
Selector button 84 is used to toggle between images A and image B.
Selector device 80 is connected via a connector 85 to control logic
processor 50 (FIG. 2) which records and stores the selections made
by subject 12. Selector device 80 also connects to image source 42
and image generator 40 via control logic processor 50. Selector
device 80 has a display panel 86 to indicate to subject 12 which
image in the sequence is being displayed.
[0063] As noted in FIG. 4, after subject 12 is shown a pair of
images (step 302), subject 12 is then directed to choose the more
relaxing image (step 302A). In step 302A, subject 12 can provide a
direct response with respect to the preferred images by activating
or pressing one of selector buttons 81-83 of selector device 80. As
an alternative, preferred images can be automatically chosen based
on a physiological measurement obtained from subject 12 by
detecting device 11 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0064] Referring again to FIG. 4, after step 302A, there is a check
to see if an image "A" is selected (step 302B). If the answer to
step 302B is no, there is a check to see if image "B" is selected
(step 302B'). If the answer to step 302B' is yes, the selection of
image "B" is recorded (step 302C). If the answer to step 302B' is
no, then there is a recording that neither image has been selected
(step 302C'). If the answer to step 302B is yes, there is a
recording of the selection of image "A" (step 302D). After either
of steps 302C, 302C' or 302D, there is a check to see if the image
pair shown to subject 12 is the last image pair (step 302E). If the
answer to step 302E is no, then above steps are continued as noted
in the flow chart of FIG. 4 until the last image pair is chosen and
the complete selection of images is noted by subject 12. After step
302E, the process proceeds to compile the results of the images
chosen by subject 12 (step 302F).
[0065] Referring back to FIG. 3, the chosen images or choices are
thereafter recorded and stored in memory (step 303). At this point,
the selection process could be continued until internal
consistencies are achieved across images (step 304). For example,
and with reference to FIG. 6, each of the images in the profile set
can have certain attributes or characteristics. FIG. 6 shows a
chart of sample images and their attributes. In viewing the images
selected by subject 12, predominant attributes or characteristics
of the selected images could be determined and these attributes or
characteristics utilized to help create the personalized preferred
image response profile for subject 12. Also, a search can be
initiated using these attributes or characteristics as described
in, for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,846, the subject matter of
which is incorporated by reference. In step 305, the selection
results of the paired comparisons, as well as the assessment of the
attributes of the chosen images or sequence of the images, provides
a basis for creating a personalized preferred image response
profile for subject 12 based on exhibited preferences. The
personalized preferred image response profile for subject 12 can
now be used to select second set of images 102 from an image
library as noted in step 306 or from personal images of subject 12.
At the conclusion of step 306, the process goes to step 400 in FIG.
8.
[0066] Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown the next stage in this
process, whereby subject 12 can use adaptive autostereoscopic
display system 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1 with an image library
including second set of images 102. In step 500, images from second
set of images 102 using the personalized preferred image response
profile are selected and viewed in categories (step 600).
Thereafter, subject 12 can select image categories (step 700), view
the images (step 800), select images (step 900) based on the
personalized preferred image response profile, and arrange the
images in a desired sequence for achieving stress reduction (step
1000) (not shown). As a further option, a computer program can be
utilized to update the profile for subject 12 using data from the
newly selected images (step 1010) (not shown) and the media for
showing the images can be selected (step 1020) (not shown).
[0067] The images obtained by the image source 42 can be in the
form of a video, photo CDs, CD ROMs, floppy disks, DVD, lenticular
imaging, downloaded or EEPROM.
[0068] With the process of the present invention, subject 12
creates a personalized preferred image response profile by viewing
a first set of images on the adaptive autostereoscopic display
system 10 such as from a profile set that includes images arranged
in pairs, and compares and chooses images from the first set of
images, which provide a preferred response for subject 12. In
making the comparison choices between images as illustrated in the
flow charts of FIGS. 3 and 4, those images which provide a
preferred behavior such as the stress response level for subject 12
are chosen or are automatically selected based on measured stress
levels of subject 12. Selected images from this comparison are used
to create a profile for subject 12 based on personal preferences.
Thus, the personalized preferred image response profile will define
preferred characteristics that can be representative of common
characteristics of the chosen images. Subject 12 can then select a
second set of images from an image library, where the images have
characteristics that match the preferred characteristics of the
personalized preferred image response profile.
[0069] Having created the personalized preferred image response
profile, which is then stored in the image source 42, adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10, using detector device 11 as
illustrated in FIG. 1, can be used to measure the present stress
level of subject 12. Based on the personalized preferred image
response profile, adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 can
display selected images from the image library to subject 12 in a
sequence chosen by subject 12, in accordance with the measured
stress level, to enable subject 12 to manage and/or control this
stress level. Subject 12 can be shown scenes known to induce stress
and be taught, using biofeedback techniques, to control response to
the images, for example.
[0070] In a further aspect of the present invention, as shown by
the flow chart of FIG. 7, subject 12 can visit a medical office
(step 2000) to control stress using the present invention. As
illustrated in FIG. 7, a medical practitioner seats the patient as
subject 12 in adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 (step
3000) as shown in FIG. 1. The practitioner then controls adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10 to display images to subject 12
and records responses to these images (step 4000). It is noted that
adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10 is further capable of
interfacing with existing biofeedback equipment. Thereafter, the
practitioner or control software adjusts the image combination in
view of the responses of subject 12 (step 5000). Next, the
practitioner trains subject 12 to manage physiological responses to
images (step 6000). The medical data for subject 12 is then
recorded and managed by adaptive autostereoscopic display system 10
(step 7000). Control logic in adaptive autostereoscopic display
system 10 then continuously learns the responses of subject 12 as
it builds the personalized preferred image response profile and
chooses images that support improved health restoration (step
8000). Subject 12 can thereafter receive a personalized preferred
image response profile for use in a self-care system (step
9000).
[0071] Image composition analysis can be used to help in building
an image response profile, based on the attributes shown in FIG. 6.
The profile can also be influenced by color analysis, timing
preference, health baseline, health history, ability to learn and
record variables for time of day, seasons, geographics, personal or
family images, for example. (step 9050). Having the personalized
preferred image response profile created by a medical practitioner,
subject 12 can now go to a retailer or use an on-line remote
connection, adapting the sequence described in the flow chart of
FIG. 7 to obtain images that help manage stress.
[0072] In this way, the method and apparatus of the present
invention overcomes the disadvantage of generalized image
selection. Rather than presenting subject 12 with images
statistically chosen on the bases of the effects these images had
on a large sample of individuals, the images are linked to personal
responses. Subject 12 uses the personalized images in a device that
uses images or feedback controlled image properties as a
biofeedback mechanism for achieving an improved psychological
state.
[0073] It is recognized that in addition to managing stress, this
method and apparatus can also be used as a tool to motivate, teach,
focus, or visualize. In addition, adaptive autostereoscopic display
system 10 could also be used for entertainment purposes. By
measuring physiological response, the display of images or of an
image sequence could be selectively adapted in order to obtain a
desired type of response from subject 12. Thus, for example, an
adventure ride sequence could be speeded up, slowed down, or
otherwise adapted to suit the response of each particular subject
12.
[0074] The method and apparatus of the present invention also
permits the use of a personalized preferred image response profile
to allow subject 12 to choose images or a sequence of images from a
number of different categories of images such as seascapes, desert
scenes, forest scenes, other nature scenes, personal images, or
computer-generated images according to data in the personalized
preferred image response profile.
[0075] The personalized preferred image response profile can also
be used for pre-selection, thereby preventing subject 12 from
having to choose images or sets of images from a large library of
images. The images are selected by comparing the attributes of the
images to the personalized preferred image response profile.
[0076] The method and apparatus of the present invention also
permits subject 12 to use the personalized preferred image response
profile to sort, compare, select and keep track of images. With the
method and apparatus of the present invention, it is also possible
to generate a chart or record of stress levels for periods of time
which can be shared, for example, with physicians as part of a
diagnostic exercise or treatment plan.
[0077] The method and apparatus of the present invention also
provides for a device which can be utilized to manage stress and at
the same time is portable enough so that it can be used at home, at
work, or while traveling.
[0078] Although primarily intended for image presentation, adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10 is not limited to the use of
images for creating a personalized preferred response profile and
helping subject 12 to manage stress. As previously discussed,
additional stimuli such as sound, smell, touch, or vibration, could
also be used, alone or with images, as a basis for creating the
personalized preferred response profile and helping subject 12 to
manage stress.
[0079] The invention has been described in detail with particular
reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be
understood that variations and modifications can be effected within
the scope of the invention as described above, and as noted in the
appended claims, by a person of ordinary skill in the art without
departing from the scope of the invention. For example, adaptive
autostereoscopic display system 10 could be used in other medical,
therapeutic, or entertainment applications. Additional types of
feedback sensors could be employed to provide any of the more
sophisticated sensing functions known in the virtual reality
presentation arts, such as head-tracking or gaze-tracking, for
example.
[0080] Thus, what is provided is an autostereoscopic display system
adapted for psychological health management and to a method for
using an autostereoscopic display system for conditioning the
psychological state of a subject for biofeedback, stress
management, behavior modification, entertainment, and similar
applications.
PARTS LIST
[0081] 10 Adaptive autostereoscopic display system
[0082] 11 Detector device
[0083] 12 Subject
[0084] 13 Interconnect cable
[0085] 14 Viewing pupil
[0086] 14l Left viewing pupil
[0087] 14r Right viewing pupil
[0088] 16 Beamsplitter
[0089] 17 Control mechanism
[0090] 18 Autostereoscopic image delivery system
[0091] 20 Projection apparatus
[0092] 20l Left-eye projection apparatus
[0093] 20r Right-eye projection apparatus
[0094] 24 Curved mirror
[0095] 301 Left ball lens assembly
[0096] 30r Right ball lens assembly
[0097] 32. Adjustable chair
[0098] 36l Left viewing pupil forming apparatus
[0099] 36r Right viewing pupil forming apparatus
[0100] 40 Image generator
[0101] 42 Image source
[0102] 50 Control logic processor
[0103] 52 Observer feedback sensor
[0104] 54 Camera
[0105] 58 Housing
[0106] 60 Projection translation apparatus
[0107] 60l Left-eye projection translation apparatus
[0108] 60r Right-eye projection translation apparatus
[0109] 60b Beamsplitter positioning apparatus
[0110] 60m Mirror positioning apparatus
[0111] 62 Speaker system
[0112] 64 Speaker
[0113] 66 Chair servo mechanism
[0114] 70 Audio source
[0115] 80 Selector device
[0116] 81 Selector button
[0117] 82 Selector button
[0118] 83 Selector button
[0119] 84 Selector button
[0120] 85 Connector
[0121] 86 Display panel
[0122] 100 First set of images
[0123] 102 Second set of images
[0124] 104 Manual feedback control
[0125] 300 Initial step
[0126] 301A Step
[0127] 301B Step
[0128] 302 Step
[0129] 302A Step
[0130] 302B Step
[0131] 302B' Step
[0132] 302C Step
[0133] 302C' Step
[0134] 302D Step
[0135] 302E Step
[0136] 302F Step
[0137] 303 Step
[0138] 304 Step
[0139] 305 Step
[0140] 306 Step
[0141] 400 Step
[0142] 500 Step
[0143] 600 Step
[0144] 700 Step
[0145] 800 Step
[0146] 900 Step
[0147] 1000 Step
[0148] 1010 Step
[0149] 1020 Step
[0150] 2000 Step
[0151] 3000 Step
[0152] 4000 Step
[0153] 5000 Step
[0154] 6000 Step
[0155] 7000 Step
[0156] 8000 Step
[0157] 9000 Step
[0158] 9050 Step
* * * * *