U.S. patent application number 10/731538 was filed with the patent office on 2005-06-09 for abrasion-resistant sleeve for wiring and the like.
Invention is credited to Uribarri, Peter V..
Application Number | 20050124249 10/731538 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34634372 |
Filed Date | 2005-06-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050124249 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Uribarri, Peter V. |
June 9, 2005 |
Abrasion-resistant sleeve for wiring and the like
Abstract
The present invention is directed to an abrasion-resistant
tubular sleeve formed from a crocheted fabric cloth which is heat
set into a resilient tubular sleeve. The fabric cloth is formed
with a first monofilament weft and a second textured multifilament
weft. A set of warps including a plurality of textured
multifilament yarns forming a chain stitch lap is crocheted into
the fabric cloth. Optionally, a textured multifilament yarn may be
utilized as a placed or a lay-in warp in the fabric to provide
further continuity on the face of the fabric cloth.
Inventors: |
Uribarri, Peter V.; (Auburn
Hills, MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C.
P.O. BOX 828
BLOOMFIELD HILLS
MI
48303
US
|
Family ID: |
34634372 |
Appl. No.: |
10/731538 |
Filed: |
December 9, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
442/304 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D10B 2505/12 20130101;
D10B 2403/02411 20130101; Y10T 442/40 20150401; D10B 2401/041
20130101; D10B 2403/0311 20130101; D03D 1/0043 20210501; D04B 21/20
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
442/304 |
International
Class: |
D04B 001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve comprising: a monofilament
yarn forming a first weft in a fabric cloth; a first multifilament
yarn forming a second weft in said fabric cloth; and a set of
knitted warps including a plurality of second multifilament yarns
forming a chain stitch lap in said fabric cloth; wherein said
fabric cloth is heat set into a resilient tubular sleeve.
2. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 wherein said
monofilament yarn is selected from the group consisting of a
polyester yarn, a polyamide yarn, a polyethylene terephalate yarn,
a polyphenylene sulfide yarn, a polyphenylene sulfide with Teflon
yarn and a polyester over polyamide yarn.
3. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 2 wherein said
monofilament yarn comprises a Nylon 6/6 yarn having a diameter in
the range of 7 to 15 mils.
4. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 wherein said
first multifilament yarn comprises a textured multifilament
yarn.
5. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 4 wherein said
textured multifilament is selected from the group consisting of a
polyamide yarn, a polyester yearn, a Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. blend
yarn and a stainless steel/polyester blend yarn.
6. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 5 wherein said
first multifilament yarn comprises a Nylon 6/6 yarn having a denier
in the range of about 1000 D-2000 D.
7. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 wherein said
second multifilament yarn comprises a textured multifilament
yarn.
8. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 7 wherein said
second multifilament yarn is selected from the group consisting of
a polyamide yarn, a polyester yarn, a Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. blend
yarn and a stainless steel/polyester blend yarn.
9. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 8 wherein said
second multifilament yarn comprises a Nylon 6/6 yarn having a
denier of in the range of about 100 D-400 D.
10. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 further
comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality of third
multifilament yarns forming a lay-in stitch lap in said fabric
cloth.
11. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 10 wherein said
third multifilament yarn comprises a textured multifilament
yarn.
12. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 11 wherein said
third multifilament yarn is selected from the group consisting of a
polyamide yarn, a polyester yarn, and a Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM.
blend yarn.
13. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 12 wherein said
third multifilament yarn comprises a Nylon 6/6 yarn having a denier
in the range of about 50 D-400 D.
14. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 further
comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality of third
yarns forming a lay-in stitch lap in said fabric, wherein said
third yarn is a polyester over polyethylene terephalate
monofilament yarn.
15. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 1 wherein said
monofilament yarn, said first multifilament yarn and said second
multifilament yarn are treated with a flame-retardant composition
to provide a self-extinguishing, no-burn-rate tubular sleeve.
16. An abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve comprising: a Nylon 6/6
monofilament yarn having a diameter of about 10 mils forming a
first weft in a fabric cloth; a first Nylon 6/6 textured
multifilament yarn having a denier of about 2000 D forming a second
weft in said fabric cloth; and a set of knitted warps including a
plurality of second Nylon 6/6 textured multifilament yarns having a
denier of about 400 D forming a chain stitch lap in said fabric
cloth; wherein said fabric cloth is heat set into a resilient
tubular sleeve.
17. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 16 further
comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality of third
Nylon 6/6 textured multifilament yarns having a denier of about 100
D forming a lay-in stitch lap in said fabric cloth.
18. The abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 16 wherein said
Nylon 6/6 monofilament yarn includes a inner core of Nylon 6/6 and
an outer shell of a polyester.
20. A flame-retardant, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve
comprising: a flame-retardant polyethylene terephalate monofilament
yarn having a diameter of about 10 mils forming a first weft in a
fabric cloth; a flame-retardant polyester textured multifilament
yarn having a denier of about 2000 D forming a second weft in said
fabric cloth; and a set of knitted warps including a plurality of
second flame-retardant polyester textured multifilament yarns
having a denier of about 400 D forming a chain stitch lap in said
fabric cloth; wherein said fabric cloth is heat set into a
resilient tubular sleeve.
21. The flame-retardant, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim
20 further comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality
of third flame-retardant polyester textured multifilament yarns
having a denier of about 100 D forming a lay-in stitch lap in said
fabric cloth.
22. A high-temperature, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve
comprising: a polyphenylene sulfide monofilament yarn having a
diameter of about 10 mils forming a first weft in a fabric cloth; a
first Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. textured blend multifilament yarn
having a denier of about 2000 D forming a second weft in said
fabric cloth; and a set of knitted warps including a plurality of
second Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. textured blend multifilament yarns
having a denier of about 400 D forming a chain stitch lap in said
fabric cloth; wherein said fabric cloth is heat set into a
resilient tubular sleeve.
23. The high-temperature, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of
claim 22 further comprising a set of placed warps including a
plurality of third Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. textured multifilament
blend yarns having a denier of about 100 D forming a lay-in stitch
lap in said fabric cloth.
24. The high-temperature, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of
claim 22 wherein said polyphenylene sulfide monofilament yarn is a
polyphenylene sulfide with Teflon monofilament yarn.
25. A shielded, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve comprising: a
Nylon 6/6 monofilament yarn having a diameter of about 10 mils
forming a first weft in a fabric cloth; a first stainless
steel/polyester blend multifilament yarn having a denier of about
2000 D forming a second weft in said fabric cloth; and a set of
knitted warps including a plurality of stainless steel polyester
blend multifilament yarns having a denier of about 400 D forming a
chain stitch lap in said fabric cloth; wherein said fabric cloth is
heat set into a resilient tubular sleeve.
26. The shielded, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 25
further comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality of
second polyester textured multifilament yarns having a denier of
about 100 D forming a lay-in stitch lap in said fabric cloth.
27. The shielded, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 25
further comprising a set of placed warps including a plurality of
polyester over polyethylene terephalate monofilament yarns having a
diameter of about 10 mils forming a lay-in stitch lap in said
fabric cloth.
28. The shielded, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve of claim 25
wherein said Nylon 6/6 monofilament yarn includes a inner core of
Nylon 6/6 and an outer shell of polyester.
29. A method of forming an abrasion resistant tubular sleeve
comprising: preparing a fabric cloth by chain-stitching a first set
of multifilament warps on a set of wefts including a monofilament
weft and a multifilament weft; positioning said fabric onto over a
mandrel to form a tubular fabric sleeve; and resiliently setting
said tubular fabric sleeve on said mandrel.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein resiliently setting said tubular
fabric sleeve comprises heating and subsequently cooling said
tubular fabric sleeve on said mandrel.
31. The method of claim 29 further comprising preparing said fabric
cloth by lay-in stitching a second set of multifilament warps on
said set of wefts.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates generally to a protective
sleeve for covering a product subject to adverse environmental
conditions and more particularly to a flat, knitted fabric cloth
formed into a tubular fabric sleeve.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Coverings for bundling loose items such as wiring, cables or
tubing are generally known in the art. Such protective coverings
include corrugated coverings, braided coverings and fabric
coverings. To date, each of these types of tubular sleeves have
been designed for and perform particularly well for a given
function such as abrasion-resistance, flame retarding, high
temperature or shielding of electromagnetic interference. However,
many of the tubular sleeving designs require a specific fabrication
for its given application. Thus, there remains a need for a common
or universal means of fabricating a tubular sleeve in which the
yarns within the sleeve are substituted, combined or interchanged
based upon a given application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention is directed to a flat, crocheted
fabric cloth which is formed into a tubular sleeve. The fabric
cloth may be manufactured from a wide variety of yarns depending on
the given application on a common machine independent of the yarns,
and thus the application for the tubular sleeves.
[0004] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an
abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve having a monofilament forming a
first weft in the fabric cloth, a first multi-filament yarn forming
a second weft in the fabric cloth, and a set of crocheted warps
including a plurality of textured multifilament yarns forming a
chain stitch lap in the fabric cloth. The fabric cloth is crocheted
in a flat configuration and then formed with a heating setting
operation into a resilient tubular sleeve. In one embodiment of the
present invention, a series of polyamide monofilament and
multifilament yarns are utilized to provide an abrasion resistant
tubular sleeve. In a second embodiment, a polyethylene terephalate
(PET) monofilament yarn is used in conjunction with a series of
polyester multifilament yarns. The PET monofilament yarn and the
polyester multifilaments yarns are treated with a flame-retardant
to provide a self extinguishing, abrasion-resistant no-burn-rate
tubular sleeve. In a third embodiment, a polyphenylene sulfide
monofilament yarn is used in combination with a textured
Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. blend yarn to provide a high-temperature,
abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve. In a fourth embodiment, a
polyamide monofilament is utilized in conjunction with a series of
stainless steel/polyester blend yarns, and polyester multifilaments
yarns to provide a shielded, abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve.
[0005] Likewise, the present invention is directed to a method of
fabricating an abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve including
preparing a fabric cloth by chain stitching a set of multifilaments
warps on a set of wefts including a monofilament weft and a
multifilament weft, pulling the fabric cloth over a mandrel to form
a tubular fabric sleeve, and resiliently setting the tubular fabric
sleeve over the mandrel.
[0006] Further areas of applicability of the present invention will
become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter.
It should be understood that the detailed description and specific
examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the
invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are
not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The present invention will become more fully understood from
the detailed description and the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of an
abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve in accordance with the present
invention;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed illustration of the
crocheted fabric cloth forming the tubular sleeve illustrated in
FIG. 1;
[0010] FIG. 3 is an illustration of the pattern utilized to
fabricate the fabric cloth shown in FIG. 2;
[0011] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the pattern illustrated in
FIG. 3; and
[0012] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the method of
fabricating a tubular sleeve in accordance with the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0013] The following description of the preferred embodiments is
merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the
invention, its application, or uses.
[0014] With reference to FIGS. 1-4, the present invention is
directed to a generally flat crocheted fabric cloth 12 formed into
a resilient sleeve which maintains its tubular shape. The fabric
cloth 12 includes a monofilament yarn 14 forming a first weft and a
textured multifilament yarn 16 forming a second weft in the fabric
cloth 12. Fabric cloth 12 further includes a set of crocheted warps
in the form of textured multifilament yarns forming a chain stitch
lap 18 in the fabric cloth 12. In a preferred embodiment, the
fabric cloth 12 further includes a set of placed warps including a
plurality of multifilament yarns forming a lay-in stitch lap 20 in
fabric cloth 12. The lay-in stitch lap 20 is utilized to fill the
spacing on the face of the fabric cloth 12 in between the chain
stitch lap 18 to provide a smoother surface thereon. However, one
skilled in the art will appreciate that a fabric cloth 12 may be
fabricated without the lay-in stitch lap 18 and still be
encompassed within the present invention. As used herein the term
"yarn" is intended to include monofilaments, multifilament and
combinations thereof.
[0015] As illustrated in the figures, the wefts 14, 16 are passed
across all of the ends formed by warps 18, 20 for the width of the
fabric from selvage 22 to selvage 24. The warp 18 is a crocheted
warp formed as a closed-loop pillar stitch or chain stitch in the
fabric cloth 12. The crocheted warp 18 is formed in each row of
pins along the length of the fabric cloth 12. The placed warps 20
are formed by laying in the textured multifilament fiber between
each row of the pins along the length of the fabric cloth 12. Thus,
a chain stitch lap is formed along selvage. The fabric cloth 12 may
be crocheted on any conventional machine capable of forming a two
weft 14, 16 fabric with a set of chain stitch warps 18 and a set of
lay-in warps 20.
[0016] With reference now to FIG. 5, the process for fabricating
the abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve 10 is illustrated in a flow
chart 100. Initially, a flat, fabric cloth 12 is formed having a
monofilament weft 14, a multifilament weft 16, a crocheted
multifilament warp 18 and a placed multifilament warp 20 as
indicated at block 102. Once formed, the flat, fabric cloth 12 is
pulled onto a generally cylindrical mandrel to form a tubular
fabric sleeve 10 as indicated at block 104. The claim stitch lap 18
and lay-in lap 20 are oriented to be generally parallel to the
longitudinal axis A-A of the tubular sleeve 12 (as shown in FIG.
1.) As presently preferred, the tubular fabric sleeve 10 has an
overlapped portion 26 (shown in FIG. 1) which preferably extends
over approximately 25 percent of the tubular sleeve 12. In other
words, the overlap portion 26 extends for approximately 90 degrees
as indicated by the angle a shown in FIG. 1. Next, the tubular
fabric sleeve 10 is heated while on the mandrel as represented by
processing block 106. In this step, certain monofilament fibers
within the tubular sleeve may be heat set once subjected to a
suitable elevated temperature for a sufficient time period to a
particular configuration. The parameters for heat setting the
tubular sleeve 10 are generally dependent upon the type of
filaments utilized in the fabric cloth 12. For example, a fabric
cloth containing PET may be heated to a temperature to at least
partially melt the PET to darker enhance the thermal set and bind
the other yarns within the fabric cloth.
[0017] Next, the tubular fabric sleeve 10 is cooled to resiliently
set the fabric cloth 12 in the rolled or tubular configuration as
indicated at processing block 108. Lastly, the tubular fabric
sleeve 10 may be cut or coiled from the otherwise running
fabrication as indicated at processing block 110. Again, depending
upon the composition of the fabric cloth and the thermal setting
process, a cutting step may be performed by mechanical shears or
alternately by a thermal cutting process, both generally known in
the art. The thermal cutting process has the additional benefit
fusing the ends of the warps 18, 20 to prevent further fraying of
the fabric cloth 12.
[0018] As previously indicated, the present invention may be
readily adaptable to a variety of abrasion-resistant tubular
sleeving products. Table 1 reproduced below indicates four exemplar
compositions for an abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve 10 in
accordance with the present invention. As used in Table 1, PA
refers to polyamide, PE refers to polyester, PET refers to
polyethylene terephalate, PPS refers to polyphenylene sulfide, N/B
refers to a Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. blend, and SS refers to
stainless steel. The prefix FR used in Example 2 refers to yarns
having a flame-retardant treatment known in the art.
1TABLE 1 Monofilament Multifilament Ex Weft Weft Warp Lay-in
Characteristic 1A PA 6/6 textured PA 6/6 textured PA 6/6 textured
PA 6/6 Abrasion 1B PE over PA multifilament multifilament Resistant
6/6 2 FR-PET textured textured textured Flame- FR-PE FR-PE FR-PE
retardant multifilament multifilament 3A PPS textured N/B textured
N/B textured N/B High 3B PPS with 2% multifilament multifilament
Temperature Teflon 4A PA 6/6 SS/PE blend SS/PE blen textured PE
EMI/RFI multifilament Shielded 4B PE over PA PE over PET 6/6
[0019] In the first preferred example, Example 1A, a fabric cloth
is crocheted principally from yarns of a polyamide or Nylon
material to provide an abrasion-resistant tubular sleeve.
Specifically, a Nylon 6/6 monofilament yarn having a diameter in
the range of 0.007" to 0.015" (7-15 mils) is used as the weft 14.
Alternately, as indicated in Example 1B, a monofilament yarn having
a Nylon 6/6 core with a polyester coating may be substituted for
the weft 14. A textured multifilament Nylon 6/6 yarn having a
denier in the range of 1000 to 2000 (1000 D-2000 D) is used as the
weft 16. A textured multifilament Nylon 6/6 yarn having a denier in
the range of 100 to 400 (100 D-400 D) is used as the crocheted warp
18. A textured multifilament Nylon 6/6 yarn having a denier in the
range of 50 to 400 (50 D-400 D) is used as the lay-in warp 20. In a
most preferred embodiment, weft 14 is a 10 mil monofilament yarn,
weft 16 is a 1000 D multifilament yarn, warp 18 is a 400 D
multifilament yarn and warp 20 is a 100 D multifilament yarn.
[0020] In the second preferred example, Example 2, a fabric cloth
is crocheted principally from yarns of flame-retardant polyethylene
terephalate and yarns of flame-retardant polyester to provide a
self-extinguishing, no-burn-rate (SENBR) tubular sleeve.
Specifically, a flame-retardant polyethylene terephalate
monofilament yarn having a diameter in the range of 0.007" to
0.015" (7-15 mils) is used as the weft 14. A flame-retardant,
textured multifilament polyester yarn having a denier in the range
of 1000 to 2000 (1000 D-2000 D) is used as the weft 16. A
flame-retardant, textured multifilament polyester yarn having a
denier in the range of 100 to 400 (100 D-400 D) is used as the
crocheted warp 18. A flame-retardant, textured multifilament
polyester yarn having a denier in the range of 50 to 400 (50 D-400
D) is used as the lay-in warp 20. In a most preferred embodiment,
weft 14 is a 10 mil monofilament yarn, weft 16 is a 1000 D
multifilament yarn, warp 18 is a 400 D multifilament yarn and warp
20 is a 100 D multifilament yarn.
[0021] In the third preferred example, Example 3A, a fabric cloth
is crocheted principally from yarns of polyphenylene sulfide and
yarns of a Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. blend to provide a
high-temperature tubular sleeve capable of withstanding 200.degree.
C. Specifically, a polyphenylene sulfide monofilament yarn having a
diameter in the range of 0.007" to 0.015" (7-15 mils) is used as
the weft 14. Alternately, as indicated in Example 3B, a
monofilament yarn having a polyphenylene sulfide with about 2%
Teflon may be substituted for the weft 14. A textured
Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. multifilament blend yarn having a denier in
the range of 1000 to 2000 (1000 D-2000 D) is used as the weft 16. A
textured Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. multifilament blend yarn having a
denier in the range of 100 to 400 (100 D-400 D) is used as the
crocheted warp 18. A textured Nomex.RTM./Basofil.RTM. multifilament
blend yarn having a denier in the range of 50 to 400 (50 D-400 D)
is used as the lay-in warp 20. In a most preferred embodiment, weft
14 is a 10 mil monofilament yarn, weft 16 is 1000 D mulitilament
yarn, warp 18 is 400 D multifilament yarn and warp 20 is 100 D
multifilament yarn. The blend of Nomex.RTM. to Basofil.RTM. in
yarns 16, 18, 20 will be determined by the specific application and
the processing parameters for the loom on which the fabric cloth is
crocheted. However, a 60/40 Nomex/Basofil blend is presently
preferred.
[0022] In the fourth preferred example, Example 4A, a fabric cloth
is crocheted principally from yarns of a polyamide material, yarns
of a stainless steel/polyester blend and yarns of polyester to
provide tubular sleeve which provides shielding from
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference
(RFI). Specifically, a Nylon 6/6 monofilament yarn having a
diameter in the range of 0.007" to 0.015" (7-15 mils) is used as
the weft 14. Alternately, as indicated in Example 4B, a
monofilament yarn having a Nylon 6/6 core with a polyester covering
may be substituted for the weft 14. A textured multifilament
stainless steel/polyester blend yarn having a denier in the range
of 1000 to 2000 (1000 D-2000 D) is used as the weft 16. A textured
multifilament stainless steel/polyester blend yarn having a denier
in the range of 100 to 400 (100 D-400 D) is used as the crocheted
warp 18. A textured multifilament polyester yarn having a denier in
the range of 50 to 400 (50 D-400 D) is used as the lay-in warp 20.
Alternately, as indicated in Example 4B, a monofilament yarn having
a polyethylene terephalate core with a polyester covering may be
substituted for the lay-in warp 20. In a most preferred embodiment,
weft 14 is a 1000 D monofilament yarn, weft 16 is a 1000 D
multifilament yarn, warp 18 is a 400 D multifilament yarn and warp
20 is a 100 D multifilament yarn. The blend of stainless steel to
polyester in yarns 16, 18, 20 will be determined by the specific
application and the processing parameters for the loom on which the
fabric cloth is crocheted. However, a 20/80 stainless
steel/polyester blend is presently preferred.
[0023] As described above, the present invention provides an
improved fabric cloth construction for use in an abrasion-resistant
tubular sleeve. The characteristics of the sleeve may be varied by
varying the yarns, fibers and/or filaments without significantly
changing the manufacturing process. In this regard, certain
compositions have been indicated to provide abrasion resistance,
flame-retardant, high temperature capability and/or EMI/RFI
shielding. Moreover, certain preferred yarn dimensions have been
provided for the fabrication of a tubular sleeve having a diameter
in the range of 5 mm to 38 mm. However, one skilled in the art will
appreciate that the dimensions of the filaments, as well as the
dimensions of the fabric cloth forming the tubular sleeve may be
varied in accordance with the specifications of a particular
application. Likewise, additional monofilaments and/or
multifilaments may be added to the weft yarns and/or warp yarns for
adding additional structure and function to the tubular sleeve.
Furthermore, while the composition of each fabric cloth has been
described with specific reference to a particular characteristic,
one skilled in the art will appreciate that a combination of
characteristics may be provided by combining one or more of the
described embodiments. As such, the description of the invention
provided herein is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations
that do not depart from the jest of the invention are intended to
be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *