U.S. patent application number 10/963423 was filed with the patent office on 2005-05-26 for real time total asset visibility system.
Invention is credited to Ghaffari, Touraj.
Application Number | 20050109845 10/963423 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34594293 |
Filed Date | 2005-05-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050109845 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ghaffari, Touraj |
May 26, 2005 |
Real time total asset visibility system
Abstract
A system and method for tracking articles and controlling
inventory thereof on a real time basis comprising the use of a tag
assembly including a plurality of tags including both active tags
and passive tags distinguishable from one another by the provision
of a self contained power source in the active tags. One or more
readers are disposed within a locale being monitored and are
structured to communicate received data transmission from a host
controller, for additional administrative processing in terms of
determining the existence, location and/or movement of various
articles with which the plurality of tags are directly associated.
Depending on their category the tags may be activated by either
entering an electric field of a predetermined first frequency or by
receiving an activation signal from the reader assembly also
transmitted at the first predetermined frequency. Communication
between the tags and the reader occurs at a second frequency being
different from the first frequency.
Inventors: |
Ghaffari, Touraj; (Boca
Raton, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MALLOY & MALLOY, P.A.
2800 S.W. Third Avenue
Historic Coral Way
Miami
FL
33129
US
|
Family ID: |
34594293 |
Appl. No.: |
10/963423 |
Filed: |
October 12, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10963423 |
Oct 12, 2004 |
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10946582 |
Sep 21, 2004 |
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10946582 |
Sep 21, 2004 |
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10253254 |
Sep 24, 2002 |
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6804578 |
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10253254 |
Sep 24, 2002 |
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09976734 |
Oct 12, 2001 |
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6662068 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
235/385 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06K 17/0022 20130101;
G06Q 10/06 20130101; G06K 17/00 20130101; G05B 19/00 20130101; G06Q
10/087 20130101; G06K 19/0723 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
235/385 |
International
Class: |
G06F 017/60 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for tracking a plurality of objects on a real time
basis, said system comprising: a) at least one host controller, b)
a plurality of tags associated with a plurality of objects and
movable therewith, c) a reader assembly structured to receive
transmitted data from said plurality of tags at least when said
plurality of tags are within a predetermined locale, and d) at
least some of said plurality of tags including uni-directional,
multi frequency capabilities at least partially defined by
activation of said tags at a first frequency and transmission of
data from said tags to said reader assembly at a second frequency,
and e) said reader assembly communicative with said host controller
to facilitate determination of a status of individual ones of said
plurality of tags within said predetermined locale.
2. A system as recited in claim 1 further comprising an access
assembly disposed within the predetermined locale and structured to
regulate ingress and egress to and from the predetermined locale;
said access assembly communicative with said reader assembly and
responsive to operative transmissions from said reader
assembly.
3. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said access assembly
further comprises observation facilities responsive to operative
transmission from said reader assembly and structured to monitor at
least one area within the predetermined locale.
4. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said reader assembly
comprises at least one control reader communicative with said
access facility and an at least some of said plurality of tags,
said control reader structured to transmit operating signals to
said access assembly determinative of ingress and egress of said
predetermined locale.
5. A system as recited in claim 4 wherein said control reader
includes a data base comprising status data of at least some of
said plurality of tags; said status data being at least partially
determinative of said transmission of operative signals to said
access assembly.
6. A system as recited in claim 5 wherein said transmission of said
operative signals is dependent on said status data within said data
base or data transmission between said control reader and said host
controller.
7. A system as recited in claim 4 further comprising an access
assembly disposed within the predetermined locale and structured to
regulate ingress and egress to and from the predetermined locale;
said access assembly communicative with said reader assembly and
responsive to operative transmission from said reader assembly.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] The present application is a divisional patent application
of previously filed, now pending application having Ser. No.
10/946,582, filed on Sep. 21, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part
application having Ser. No. 10/253,254 filed on Sep. 24, 2002,
which is set to mature into U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,578 on Oct. 12,
2004, which is a continuation-in-part application having Ser. No.
09/976,734, filed on Oct. 12, 2001, also incorporated herein by
reference, which matured into U.S. Pat. No. 6,662,068 on Dec. 9,
2003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention is directed to a system which allows
effective inventory control and extensive tracking capabilities of
a plurality of articles by providing total real time access to a
monitored locale in order to establish the existence, location
and/or direction of movement of the articles. A plurality of tags
are associated with the various articles being monitored, at least
some of which include multi-frequency and uni-directional or
multi-directional communication capabilities which at least
partially serve to extend the operative range between the tags and
a reader assembly in order to efficiently perform the monitoring
procedure.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] The monitoring of a variety of different articles, products,
etc. through the use of "tags" secured to or otherwise associated
with the various articles has been in use for many years. Moreover,
various attempts to modify this type of tracking and inventory
control have been made so as to adapt a tagging system for use in a
variety of different applications. Such known applications include,
but are not limited to, warehouses, retail outlets, industrial
manufacturing sites, and almost any location where the variety or
articles or products being monitored are manufactured, transported,
stored, sold, etc.
[0006] In its more simplistic form, the tagging of articles has
been associated with the display of pricing information in
association with the shelving of various products, such as in
retail outlets. Pricing and inventory controls are sometimes
maintained through the inclusion of coded data on the tags, such as
by means of bar codes, which are determinative of the identity,
price, etc, of the various products. Initially, and as is currently
being used, these types of "shelf tags" have been simply
constructed and include various information displayed thereon. Such
displayed information, when coded as set forth above, can be read
by various types of optical or digital scanners.
[0007] While shelf tags of the type set forth above are generally
considered to be operative for less sophisticated applications,
they are commonly recognized as being inefficient and cumbersome
for use in many areas of commerce associated with the storage,
transport, manufacture, etc, of various types of products or
articles being monitored. As one example, the updating the
information frequently requires complete replacement of the tags
thereby at least partially defeating the goal of efficient
inventory, tracking and pricing controls for which such systems
were primarily intended.
[0008] To overcome the above noted problems associated with shelf
tags, attempts have been made to develop more sophisticated
electronic tags which are associated with-some type of display
facilities. Typically known electronic tags and their attendant
systems, of the type referred to herein require the use of
complicated circuitry and cooperative electronic control components
in order to affect their installation and use. Another major draw
back associated with devices of this type is that in order to
maintain an efficient and accurate display a continuous supply of
power must be maintained. The maintenance of such power is limited
resulting in the limiting of information which can reasonably be
displayed. Accordingly frequent replacement of the tags, associated
power supplies, display facilities, etc, is the result.
[0009] In an effort to expand the versatility and efficiency of
tracking and inventory control of a variety of articles, products,
etc. and as a result of the problems and disadvantages of the type
set forth above, associated industries have moved forward.
Resulting advancements in this field has yielded the development
and utilization of radio frequency (RF) tags and their attendant
systems. In general, RF tags are capable of retaining and
transmitting a substantial amount of information, all of which is
required for the expansive tracking, security and inventory control
requirements associated with modern day industrial, transport and
retail facilities.
[0010] More specifically, the RF tag systems are capable of
receiving and storing information in a read/write application as
well as being capable of sending and/or receiving data relating to
product identification, status, location and overall control.
However, known or conventional RF tagging systems are recognized as
having at least one primary disadvantage associated with limited
communication range. Accordingly, in order that transmission of
signals to one or more tags be accomplished for purposes of
activation and/or data communication, an appropriate exciter/reader
would have to be positioned in very close proximity to the one or
more tags involved in the monitoring system. Therefore, the
versatility and practical applications of such systems are severely
limited due at least to the proximity or range restrictions
associated therewith. Efficient monitoring of articles during
product delivery, transportation, material handling, security
tracking and large scale storage may not be possible. As a result,
radio frequency tag technology has not enjoyed wide spread use in
many industrial applications associated with the commercial
development of various products.
[0011] Based on the above, there are still significant
disadvantages and problems associated with known tagging systems
especially when considering the wide variety of industrial
applications where such systems could be effectively implemented.
Accordingly, there is a significant and long recognized need for an
improved tracking and/or inventory control system. Such an improved
system should be capable of 100% real time inventory control as
well as detecting the existence, location and direction of movement
of item. A plurality of RF tags associated with such an improved
system could be further structured to detect tampering, low battery
power, unauthorized movement and/or removal from the articles or
products being monitored.
[0012] Such an improved system could also be adapted, without
significant structural or operative modification, for usage in a
variety of different areas including large scale warehousing,
transport, delivery, retail inventory, pricing and security, theft
prevention, all without significant manual intervention. In
addition, other unique and/or customized features can be associated
with the tags, dependent on the customer/user applications and
requirements.
[0013] Accordingly, an improved system using multi frequency tags
with strategically placed readers, accomplishing activation and/or
powering of certain ones of the plurality of tags utilizing a
higher level of power signal and prescribed frequency range would
increase the reading or transmission distance associated with the
tags thereby allowing such an improved system to overcome the
recognized problems and disadvantages associated with RF tagging
monitoring system of the type set forth above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] This invention is directed to a real time total asset
vis-ability system which in practical application is manifested in
a monitoring system for maintaining inventory control, on a real
time basis, of a variety of articles and within a monitored locale.
In addition, the monitoring system of the present invention is
capable of locating, tracking, identifying, and in some cases
communicating with personnel so as to better accomplish the
aforementioned real time total asset visibility of an area or
locale being monitored. For purposes of clarity, the terms
"monitored locale" may assume a variety of different locations such
as, but not limited to a warehouse, manufacturing or storage
facility, transport and/or delivery vehicles, as well as a variety
of retail facilities. In addition, the versatility of the
monitoring system of the present invention can be used for
inventory control as well as positional and movement tracking of
various articles with minimal or no structural/operational
modifications of the various operative components of which the
system is comprised.
[0015] More specifically, the system of the present invention
comprises a host controller which may be in the form of a
computer/processor disposed in communicating relation at or remote
from the locale being monitored. In addition, a reader assembly
comprises, dependent upon the specific embodiment and practical
application for which the system of the present invention is
adapted, one or more readers. As will be explained in greater
detail hereinafter, the reader assembly may comprise a variety of
different types of readers structured to perform a variety of
procedures for individually and collectively monitoring a plurality
of radio frequency (RF) responsive tags. The tags are mounted on or
otherwise directly associated with various objects or articles
being monitored. It is of course understood that the objects or
articles being monitored may of course vary greatly and are not
limited to a specific class or category of objects, products, etc.
Also the tags may be a part of or directly associated with
"personnel badges" for the location, identification, etc, of
numerous authorized personnel which have access to the monitored
locale and/or the plurality of articles or objects stored within or
passing into or out of the monitored locale.
[0016] It is also emphasized that the reader assembly may in
certain applications comprise a plurality of readers disposed in a
predetermined array throughout the locale being monitored, such as
when such a plurality of readers are fixedly disposed within the
locale. In other preferred embodiments of the subject monitoring
system, as represented by various practical applications, the
reader assembly may comprise a single reader or relatively few
readers. In this latter application and by way of example only, the
reader assembly may comprise one or more mobile or handheld readers
which are movable about the monitored locale. The mobile/handheld
readers thereby communicate with the plurality of tags for purposes
of establishing the existence and/or identification of the various
articles associated with the tags.
[0017] The plurality of tags may also vary in structure and
function based on their intended operation and the practical
application to which they are applied. In the various preferred
embodiments of the present invention a common operative
characteristic of at least some of the plurality of tags is the
ability to establish uni-directional communication or transmission
to the reader assembly. Further, each of the tags are
pre-programmed to include identification or other pertinent data
which enables the user or operator to determine the status of the
plurality of articles. As a generally descriptive term, the status
of a monitored article may comprise the determination of its
existence, location, direction of travel, removal, etc. dependent
on the requirements of the customer or user of the subject
monitoring or tracking system.
[0018] By way of example, in its simplest form, one or more of the
tags defining the tag assembly comprises a passive tag
characterized by not having a self-contained power supply
associated therewith. Moreover, the passive tags are powered by
being exposed to and/or maintained within an electric field or
exposed to an electric signal of a predetermined first frequency.
Once powered and activated identification and/or pertinent data
relating to inventory control and/or tracking is transmitted from
the various passive tags (as well as the active tags to be
described hereinafter) to an appropriate one or more readers
servicing the monitored locale. Once received, the data transmitted
from the plurality of tags is then transmitted by the reader
assembly to the host controller/processor. The data is further
processed by the host controller as required to maintain the
desired inventory and/or tracking controls. As will also be
explained in greater detail hereinafter, communication or
transmission from the tags to the reader assembly occurs at a
second frequency, which differs from the aforementioned first
frequency or activation and/or power-up frequency.
[0019] Other structural and operative features of the tag assembly,
is the ability of both a passive tag and an active tag to be
programmed or re-programmed with new data in order that individual
tags or a plurality of tags are representative of and may display
most current data relating to the monitored or tracked products,
materials, personnel, etc. As will be more evident hereinafter,
such reprogramming and/or initial programming may be accomplished
as the one or more tags are exposed to a generated field or signal
from a fixed reader or from a hand held reader.
[0020] The tag assembly may also include one or more active tags
which are distinguishable from the aforementioned passive tags by
including a self-contained power source. As such, the active tags
are pre-programmed to periodically transmit, on a pre-scheduled
time basis, identification data or other appropriate information to
one or more of the readers associated with the locale being
monitored. Such active tags further include power supply detection
capabilities which will communicate to the reader assembly the
existence of a failing battery or a depleted power source. Both the
passive and active tags are also structured to include numerous
other operative features including tamper switches and locking
devices particularly, but not exclusively, adapted for use in
retail environments.
[0021] Further, both the passive and active tags may have common
operative features such as multi-frequency capabilities wherein the
activation or power-up field or signal is generated at the
aforementioned first frequency and communication between the tag
and the reader, either in a uni-directional or bi-directional mode,
occurs at a second, differing frequency. The existence of the
multi-frequency capabilities of the various tags enhances the range
or proximity in which communication, activation, power-up, etc, may
occur.
[0022] More specifically, FCC regulations prohibit the generation
or transmission of pulsed signals, for example between a reader and
a tag, except when licensing requirements are met. However FCC
regulations do allow for the generation of fields/signals of
certain frequencies, having pre-established band parameters, to be
transmitted or generated at increased field strengths. Therefore,
establishing a field strength of "unlimited radiated energy" within
the frequency parameters specified is permitted. In other words,
increased power can be utilized within certain specified frequency
ranges, including 13.56 MHz. to increase the range in which the
tags of a monitoring system can be detected, activated, powered-up,
etc. without violating FCC regulations. Accordingly, activation
signals or the establishment of electric fields for the activation
or "wake-up" and/or "power-up" of one or a plurality of RF
responsive tags can be accomplished using increased field strengths
as long as there is no human exposure hazards involved. Therefore,
utilizing the aforementioned first frequency in the frequency range
of 13.56 MHz. allows for the activation and/or powering (such as in
passive tags) at a much higher energy level so as to increase the
read distance and/or proximity range to at least approximately 12
to 15 feet without violating any regulatory codes. It is emphasized
that while the aforementioned first frequency, in the frequency
range of 13.56 MHz may be preferred due to the ability to use the
higher energy level and thereby increase the read distance, other
frequencies can be utilized to activate or power the tags, wherein
such frequency may be in the range of 433 Mhz.
[0023] The aforementioned multi-frequency capabilities of the
various types of tags (both active and passive) in the monitoring
system of the present invention further provides for data
transmission or communication between the tags and the reader
assembly at a second frequency, which differs from the
aforementioned first frequency. Further such data transmission
normally occurs on a periodic pulsed basis, at pre-scheduled times,
rather than as a continuously generated, high strength field or
signal, at which the first frequency normally occurs. Also, in
certain preferred embodiments to be described hereinafter, one or
more of the plurality of tags are structured for asynchronous
transmissions, at the second communication frequency, to the reader
or host controller.
[0024] As set forth above, the various embodiments of the present
invention may further comprise a tracking system demonstrating
certain control and tracking abilities. More specifically, the
reader assembly may include at least one control reader and/or at
least one tracking reader. Accordingly, at least some of the
plurality of tags comprising operative components of the system are
associated with a variety of objects or articles, and are
specifically mounted on or connected thereto so as to move
therewith. Therefore the objects or articles with which the
plurality of tags are associated can be effectively tracked on a
real time basis. As such, at least one of the aforementioned
control readers may be mounted in predetermined relation to at
least one, or more practically each, of the entrances/exits
associated with the locale being monitored. Further, the control
reader may be structured independently or in combination with the
host controller to regulate specific observation facilities in
order to allow real time viewing and/or recording or certain areas
such as, but not limited to the entrance/exits or portals of the
monitored locale. Such observation facilities can include cameras,
display monitors, recorders and/or other video facilities capable
of accomplishing and storing activities or events within a
predetermined portion of the locale being monitored.
[0025] Operation and control of the aforementioned observation
facilities may further include the monitoring of one or more
individuals, products, etc. As such, a reader can find the location
of individual tags or a plurality/group of tags and, when located,
send a signal to a correspondingly located camera or other
observation facilities so as to monitor or track the one or more
tags which have been located, as well as the personnel or products
associated therewith. Further, whether or not directly associated
with specific observation facilities such as cameras, monitors,
etc. the system can also wake-up individual ones or all of a
predetermined plurality of tags located within a specific area,
such as a meeting room, classroom, seminar area, etc. In doing so,
the individuals in attendance at a seminar, class, meeting, etc.
can be quickly and effectively established, assuming the attending
personnel have an appropriate tag in their possession.
[0026] In addition, the aforementioned one or more tracking readers
are structured to receive status data which is communicated to the
host controller. The host controller, independently or in
combination with the one or more tracking readers can determine
position parameters relating to one or more of the plurality of
tags being currently monitored or tracked. Such position parameters
can also, in certain embodiments of the present invention, be
considered part of tag status data transmitted from the tags to the
various readers of the reader assembly. As such, the tags status
data may include tag identification and/or position history as to
where a particular object, article, etc. is or should be located
within the monitored locale. Further structural capabilities of the
host controller and/or the tracking reader include determination of
the direction of movement or travel of one or more of the plurality
of tags being currently monitored, wherein such information can
also be included within or defined by the aforementioned position
parameters.
[0027] It should be further noted that the "wake-up" field can be
enabled by motion sensors, optical sensors, and similarly
functional operational sensors having appropriate capabilities.
Once activated, the one or more tags within the wake-up field will
generate the identification or address of the individual tags, plus
an appropriate reader address. This information allows operating
personnel to identify and determine the location of any one tag or
plurality of tags, at the time of wake-up or activation.
[0028] As described throughout, the utilization of the various
preferred embodiments of the present invention involves the
generation of a field signal or activating signal, to which the
various tags are responsive to establish activation, wake-up
tracking, and/or communication links. Typically and in at least
some of the preferred embodiments, the field or activating signals
are generated by the reader assemblies. However, in use the present
invention also contemplates the use of a field generator for
establishing such signal generation, wherein a field generator can
be combined with a single reader or with each of the plurality of
readers. Alternatively, the field generator or other facility for
generating the field or activating signal can be operatively
maintained separately and independent of any one of the reader
assemblies. Also, the independent field generating facility can
have its own address which can be linked to a single reader
address. Yet another alternative embodiment would be the provision
of several field generators linked to a single reader. Also, the
field generator can be independently powered such as by a 12 volt
DC transformer or by means of a contained battery source.
[0029] These and other objects, features and advantages of the
present invention will become more clear when the drawings as well
as the detailed description are taken into consideration.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] For a fuller understanding of the nature of the present
invention, reference should be had to the following detailed
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in
which:
[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a preferred
embodiment of the monitoring system of the present invention as
demonstrated in one of a large number of possible practical
applications.
[0032] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the interaction
between various operative components of at least one preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention, including a host
controller, reader assembly and tag assembly.
[0033] FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of the interaction
between various operative components of another preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention.
[0034] FIG. 2B is a schematic representation of the interaction
between various operative components of yet another preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention.
[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the interaction
between the various operative components of another preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention.
[0036] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the interaction
between the various operative components of yet another preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the interaction
between the various operative components of yet another preferred
embodiment of the system of the present invention.
[0038] FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the operative
components of at least one preferred embodiment of a reader
associated with the reader assembly of the present invention.
[0039] FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a programming
station or assembly for programming one or more tags included
within the monitoring system of the present invention.
[0040] FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of another preferred
embodiment of a reader associated with the reader assembly of the
present invention.
[0041] FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing details of various
operative and structural variations of the tags utilized in one or
more of the various preferred embodiments of the system of the
present invention.
[0042] Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0043] As shown in the accompanying FIGS. and as generally
represented in FIG. 1, the present invention is directed to a real
time total asset visibility system particularly, but not
exclusively, adapted for maintaining effective inventory control as
well as being capable of accomplishing efficient tracking of a
plurality of articles, wherein the status of the various articles
can be determined on a real time basis. As used herein, the status
of the various monitored articles is more specifically meant to
describe the ability to determine the existence, location,
identity, direction of movement, as well as the passage of the
various articles to and from a monitored local.
[0044] Accordingly, as disclosed in FIG. 1, the monitored locale is
generally indicated as 10 and may include a warehouse, storage
facility, transportation depot, etc. It is emphasized that the
locale being monitored may also include various industrial sites 11
where the articles are manufactured or processed and any of a
number of various transportation vehicles such as ships generally
indicated as 12, trucks generally indicated as 13, etc. Such
vehicles may be associated with the transport and temporary storage
of the monitored articles.
[0045] In addition, the monitoring system of the present invention
includes one or more host controllers generally indicated as 14
which is disposed in communicating relation with anyone or all of
the plurality of monitored locales 10 through 13. The host
controller 14 may be in the form of a somewhat conventional PC, or
other processor/computer facility 16 and is utilized to accomplish
higher level processing in order to filter the data received from
the remainder of the operative components of the monitoring system
of the present invention and thereby maintain adequate inventory
control and/or perform tracking procedures, as set forth above.
[0046] As also schematically represented in FIG. 1, communication
between the various monitored locales 10 through 13 and the one or
more host controllers 14 may occur by a variety of different
relatively standard communication facilities. Such communication
facilities may include, but are not limited to, wireless
transmission, Internet access, hard wire connections, etc.
Accordingly, the host controller can be located in close proximity
to the monitored locale, such as a warehouse or like facility 10,
or be disposed a fixed or variable remote distance therefrom in the
case of transportation vehicle 12, 13, etc.
[0047] In addition to the host controller 14, the monitoring system
of the present invention comprises a reader assembly which includes
at least one, but dependent upon the specific preferred embodiment
being utilized and the practical applications associated therewith,
a plurality of readers. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, the
plurality of readers are generally indicated as 18 and are fixedly
disposed in a predetermined array relative to the configuration of
the locale 10 being monitored. More specifically, the plurality of
readers 18 are disbursed throughout the monitored locale 10 so as
to provide complete, real time communication with a plurality of
tags 20 contained within the locale 10.
[0048] As shown the plurality of tags 20 are associated with a
plurality of articles 22 which of course may be defined by any type
of product, object, personnel identification badge, etc. The
plurality of tags utilized in a specific user application may vary
in structure, function and operation and, as will be described
hereinafter, may be broadly classified as being operative in a
passive mode (passive tags) or active mode (active tags). The
passive and active tags are distinguishable from one another by the
active tags including a self-contained power source such as a
battery, which may or may not be rechargeable. The passive tags are
absent any self contained power source. Further, both the active
and passive tags are generically defined by micro-circuitry
including a transmitter and/or transceiver as well as appropriate
transmitting and/or receiving antennas. Customized integrated
circuits (IC) could be adapted for specific customer or user
applications as required and still be incorporated within the
spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0049] The various categories of monitoring tags, being either
passive or active, may also be structured to be at least
uni-directional in terms of transmitting identification or other
pertinent data therefrom to one or more readers defining a
particular reader assembly. Alternatively, in at least one
preferred embodiment of the monitoring system of the present
invention, the tags include bi-directional communication
capabilities wherein data may be transmitted from the tag to the
one or more readers and acknowledgment and other directive or
informative signals may be directed from the one or more readers
back to the tag.
[0050] Yet another structural and operative feature of the tag
assembly of the present invention is the ability of at least some
of the aforementioned tags to include multi-frequency capabilities.
More specifically, a first frequency is utilized to activate either
a passive or active tag, dependent upon the specific embodiment
being practiced. Tag activation can be broadly defined as providing
power to passive tags and/or serving to "wake-up" active or passive
tags. Also, the recharging of the batteries included in the
structure of the active tags can also be accomplished by exposing
the active tags to a generated field or signal at the first
frequency.
[0051] In compliance with FCC regulations the first frequency,
preferably in the bandwidth of 13.56 MHz, is allowed to be
generated at an increased field or signal strength which is
sufficiently high to enhance the operative range between the tag
and the reader or other activation facility serving to generate the
activating field or signal. In accordance with FCC regulations
establishing a field strength of "unlimited radiated energy" in the
bandwidth parameters specified for certain frequencies (13.56 MHz.)
is permitted absent any potential hazards associated with human
exposure. The activating or operative proximity range can thereby
be extended to approximately 12 to 15 feet without violating FCC
regulations. It is emphasized, that the aforementioned and defined
first frequency is preferably in the range the 13.56 MHz, because
of the stated increase in operative proximity range, However, other
frequencies could be used and defined as the first frequency. More
specifically, a frequently range of 433 MHz could also be used as a
first frequency.
[0052] In addition, the multi-frequency capabilities of certain
ones of the plurality of tags may also be defined by data
transmission or communication from the tag to the reader assembly
at a second frequency which differs from the first frequency. The
second frequency is preferably, but not exclusively, in the 9.15
MHz, 868 MHz or 433 MHz frequency range. Accordingly, data is
transmitted between the plurality of tags at the designated second
frequency on a repetitive pulsed basis rather than maintaining a
continuous field or constant signal generation at the lower 13.56
MHz (or 433 MHz) which preferably defines the first frequency.
[0053] It is to be understood that not all of the plurality of
tags, either passive or active, are structured for intended
exposure to the first frequency range in order to accomplish
activation. More specifically, and with reference to the
embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the one or more readers 18 are
disposed in a predetermined proximity relative to a plurality of
tags 20 within the monitored locale 10. Each of the tags 20 are
operative in an active mode and are structured for uni-directional
transmission. As such, each of the tags 20 is normally maintained
in "sleep mode" for ceratin pre-programmed periods of time. After
the time period has expired, the tag will automatically go into its
unique anti-collision skim and start transmitting appropriate
identification or like data several times to make sure that one or
more of the plurality of readers 18 will receive such transmitted
data. After the data is transmitted several times, the tag will
then automatically reset itself and will again go into a sleep mode
until a predetermined or pre-programmed time has again expired.
Transmission will then be repeated. Further, the plurality of tags
can have the same transmission time or different pre-scheduled
transmission times.
[0054] Clearly, the time period that the tag goes to "sleep" varies
based on customer requirements. However, additional structural and
operative features associated with the RF tags, will cause the tags
to start communication or transmission to the reader assembly
asynchronously based on the occurrence of certain events. By way of
example, asynchronous transmission of a tag may occur, in certain
preferred embodiments of the present invention, when the tag
wakes-up because it is passing through a certain electronic field
or because it receives a stand-by command by receiving pulses of a
specified frequency from the reader. Alternatively, the tag will
wake-up because it went into a programming mode as will be
explained with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 7. The tag may
also wake-up because of the existence of a tampering detector or
because of a low power detection of the self-contained power source
associated with active tags. As also to be described in greater
detail hereinafter, the tags may wake-up or operatively communicate
with a hand held reader at a preferred 13.56 MHz frequency (or 433
MHz).
[0055] Two categories of active tags are distinguishable, at least
in part, as being either directional or uni-directional in their
intended transmission capabilities. The bi-directional active tag,
after transmitting its tag identification or other appropriate data
to the reader may expect to receive an acknowledgment or other
directive signal from the host controller through the reader
assembly. If the bi-directional active tag receives no response
signal or an un-acceptable acknowledgment or directive signal it
reverts back to its anti-collision skim and continuously sends
transmitted data until it receives an acceptable acknowledgment
signal from the host. The bi-directional active tag will then
re-set its timer in the conventional fashion, as with the
uni-directional active tag, and it will go into a sleep mode until
the pre-programmed time expires. Upon expiration of the
preprogrammed time transmission of the ID or other appropriate data
will be repeated. As with the uni-directional active tag, the
bi-directional active tag will start to communicate with the reader
on an asynchronous basis upon the occurrence of specific events, as
set forth above.
[0056] In order to better achieve real time inventory control and
facilitate desired tracking procedures, concurrent communication of
the plurality of tags with the reader assembly is accomplished
through the inclusion of an anti-collision protocol. More
specifically, a multi-tag algorithm is integrated into the tag
assembly and/or reader assembly which is operative to allow the
concurrent transmission by and reading of data from a plurality
tags while encountering minimal if any meaningful interference.
Accordingly, upon being activated each of the plurality of tags
assumes an anti-collision skim prior to pre-scheduled and/or
asynchronous communication.
[0057] The reader assembly of the present invention serves as a
communication link between the plurality of tags and host
controller 14. As such, the reader assembly may include one or more
readers, dependent upon the specific practical application and the
preferred embodiment associated therewith, wherein various types of
readers may be defined as part of the reader assembly. Preferably,
common structural and operational features are included in each of
the various readers, regardless of their type or category. Further,
each of the various types of readers have a dynamic addressing
capability as it powers-up. In doing so, the individual reader will
send a power-up command to inform the host controller 14 that it is
alive and requesting a specific reader address. The host 14 will
initiate the addressing of the reader and in performing this
initialization process, a two way communication link is established
there between as at 17 utilizing the second frequency range of the
tags 20 or other appropriate frequency range. Further, the
communication link 17 represents either a hard wire connection or
wireless communication. It should also be noted that the reader
address can be established automatically without having any
addressing switches.
[0058] The reader assembly can include one or more fixed readers,
such as readers 18 being fixedly disposed throughout the monitored
locale 10. In this context, the term "fixed" is not necessarily
meant to describe a permanent mounting in that the various readers
18 can be removed, repaired, replaced, etc. Further in the
embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 the readers 18 may be powered by a
conventional 110 or 220 power source and be connected thereto by
being removably attached to a conventional light socket or by
utilizing other means of attachment.
[0059] As set forth herein, at least one preferred embodiment of
the system of the present invention may be more accurately
described as a tracking system incorporating specific tracking
and/or access control features which accomplishes not only the
determination of the identity, location and other tag status of the
various plurality of tags and objects associated therewith, but
also facilitates the tracking of the movement, travel, replacement,
etc. of the tags and associated objects within a predetermined
locale. In addition, the authorized or unauthorized entry and
existing of authorized and unauthorized personnel into and out of
the locale being monitored as well as the entry or removal of any
objects being transported by such authorized or unauthorized
personnel can be regulated.
[0060] More specifically, the monitoring of activities around and
through and access portal 100 can be establish utilizing one or
more control readers 104. It is of course recognized that one or
more portals 100 may be associated with an area or predetermined
locale being monitored. As such, one or more control readers 18'
may be provided in the tracking system of the present invention. In
this preferred embodiment of the tracking system of the present
invention, the control reader 18' includes a 915 megahertz or 868
megahertz transceiver that communicates with at least some or
anyone of the tags 20 entering within a predetermined range of the
portal 100. The predetermined range may be established by the
generation of an activating signal by the control reader 18'. The
activating signal may be more specifically defined by an activating
field generated preferably at the first frequency range of 13.56
mz. When anyone of a plurality of tags 20 enters the activating
field, it will in turn be activated and subsequently transmit tag
status data to the associated reader 18', preferably on a repeated
basis. Such tag status data can include tag identification,
location, as well as other pre-programmed information. If the one
or more tags 20 associated with various objects 22 and/or personnel
23 remain within the activating field the repeated transmission of
the tag status data will eventually cease after a predetermined
time period. The tags 20 will then assume a sleep mode until a
predetermined time has elapsed. If after the predetermined time has
elapsed and if the tag is still within the activating field, the
tag status data will again be transmitted to the control reader 18'
or other associated readers 18 on a repeated basis. If the tag is
removed from the activating field, it will then assume its original
sleep mode until reactivated by an activating signal generated by
an appropriate reader 18, 18' of the reader assembly.
[0061] Further, each of the one or more control readers 18' is
structured to trigger an output relay so as to control opening or
closing of the access portal 100 with which it is associated. Also,
an observation assembly or facility 104 is preferably located in an
observing located relative to the vicinity surrounding the access
portal so as to view, on a real time basis, and record any
activities being conducted in the vicinity of the access portal
100. Such activities may include the attempted ingress or egress
relative to the interior of the predetermined locale being
monitored and track. The observation facility 104 therefore may
include a variety of video facilities capable of accomplishing real
time and/or stored recordings of video observation of the various
associated with the access portal 100.
[0062] By way of example only if an individual as at 23 is
unauthorized to enter the predetermined locale being monitored
and/or is carrying objects 22 that are not authorized to pass
through the portal 100, operative communication will be transmitted
from either the control reader 18' directly and/or the host
controller 14 by means of appropriate facilities such as
computer/processor 16. Such signals will prevent the passage of the
individual 23 and/or object 22 through the portal 100 if
authorization is not present. Concurrently, the observation
facilities 104 will be directed to the portal 100. Other display
and/or communication facilities may be appropriately positioned at
either the host controller 14 and/or an association with any
operator or individual further regulating control of entrance or
exiting of the predetermined locale.
[0063] The control reader 18', upon receiving tag status
transmission from one or more tags 20 will transfer the information
to the host controller 14. The host controller 14 can respond to
the control reader 18' to the effect of validating or authorizing
movement or travel of personnel 23 and/or objects 22. Similarly,
the authorization of individuals 23 and/or objects 22 can be
invalidated or not recognized thereby preventing ingress or egress
through the portal 100.
[0064] With reference to FIG. 2A, each of the one or more control
readers 18' preferably includes a data base having information
stored therein relating to recent tag activities including
identification, position, location, etc. If the control reader 18'
finds that sufficient data is stored within the data base 19,
communication to establish the validity or invalidity of the
authorization of personnel 23 or objects 22 need not be made.
Therefore, each of the one or more control readers 18' may
determine the validity or authorization of travel or positioning of
personnel 23 and/or objects 22 either through communication with
and input from the host controller 14 or independently thereof
through accessing information in data base 19. As set forth above
the control reader 18' will communicate to the host controller 14
through RS232 communication configuration or wireless communication
at 2450 Megahertz or the tag frequency.
[0065] With reference to FIG. 2B, the tracking system embodiment of
the present invention may also include one or more tracking readers
18" associated with the reader assembly of the present invention.
The tracking reader 18" includes a 9.15 Megahertz or 868 Megahertz
transceiver that communicates with the tag. If there is a tag 20
passing through the activation field established by the one or more
tracking readers 18", the tag will transmit tag status data at
least including tag identification and/or travel activity or
history of the personnel 23 or object 22 associated with a given
tag 20. This tag status will be then transmitted from the tracking
reader 18" to the host controller 14. The host controller will
analyze the tag status transmitted data at least in terms of
determining the previous location of the personnel 23 or objects 22
with which one or more tags are associated. Subsequent to
appropriate analysis, a decision will then be made relating to
position parameters of the individuals tags associated with the
objects 22 of personnel 22. Such position parameters can include,
as set forth above, not only tag identification information but
appropriate information determinative of tag movement including
direction of movement and/or location or custom mated
destination.
[0066] With reference to FIG. 3, another preferred embodiment of
the present invention comprises the reader assembly including at
least one but preferably a plurality of shelf readers 30. The shelf
readers 30 are at least partially distinguishable from the
warehouse or fixed readers 18 as set forth in greater detail
hereinafter. As such, each of the shelf readers 30 include a 9.15
MHz., 868 MHz or 433 MHz. transceiver that communicates with the
tag. The tag assembly comprises a plurality of tags 32 associated
with a plurality of articles being monitored (not shown for
purposes of clarity), wherein the tags 32 are active and include
multi-frequency, bi-directional capabilities. As such, the one or
more readers 30 generates and transmits an activation signal at the
aforementioned first frequency of 13.56 Mhz. or 433 MHz. for
purposes of tag activation or wake-up. Upon being activated, the
tags. 32 will send the appropriate data transmissions to the one or
more shelf readers 30. The readers 30 will send the transmitted
data received from the tags to the host controller 14 for further
processing. Communication between the readers 30 and the host
controller 14 will occur by either RS232, wireless communications
at 2450 MHz., or the specific tag communication frequency, as set
forth above.
[0067] The physical characteristics of the shelf readers 30 may of
course vary but such readers 30 typically include 13.56 Mhz. or 433
MHz. antennas mounted on or within an appropriate casing that can
be attached to or otherwise associated with shelving or other
facilities on which the various articles being monitored are
stored, displayed, etc. It should be apparent, that the particular
preferred embodiment incorporating the shelf readers 30 and the
cooperatively structured bi-directional, multi-frequency capable
tags 32 is readily adaptable for retail outlets or like retail
facilities.
[0068] In another preferred embodiment schematically represented in
FIG. 4, the monitored locale comprises a vehicle 12 and/or 13. As
such, the reader assembly associated therewith comprises one or
more vehicle readers 34 disposed in communicating relation with a
plurality of tags 36 defining the attendant tag assembly. As with
the previous preferred embodiments, the one or more vehicle readers
34 include a 915 MHz., 868 Mhz. or 433 MHz transceiver which
communicates with the plurality of tags 36. The tags are associated
with a plurality of shipping boxes, containers or directly with the
articles themselves. As the tags 36 are self activated from their
sleep mode, ID or other appropriate data is transmitted to the one
or more vehicle readers 34. The vehicle readers 34 are structured
to have the capability of communicating this transmitted data from
tags 36 to the host controller 14.
[0069] The one or more vehicle readers 36 can be powered by a
variety of substantially conventional power sources such as one or
more batteries or any other appropriate power source which may be
associated with the vehicles 12, 13, etc. Moreover, when the
monitored locale is a transport vehicle including a truck 13, A
tracking procedure may be incorporated within this preferred
embodiment of the subject monitoring system. More specifically,
when any box, shipping container or article associated with one of
the tags 36 passes into or out of the truck 13, the tags 36 will be
automatically activated on an asynchronous basis and send tag ID or
other appropriate data to the one or more readers 34. In addition,
at least some of the tags which are communicative with the vehicle
reader can include information relating to the vehicle and/or
driver identification. Accordingly, as the vehicle approaches a
given area, security or other personnel can check the tag
identification information with vehicle documents, drivers license,
etc. Appropriate information will be transmitted to the host
controller 14 for processing. Therefore, the loading of the boxes,
articles, etc. with the tags 36 mounted thereon will allow the
inventory information to be coordinated with various shipping
invoices or other documentation to determine the existence or
non-existence of a discrepancy there between. Communication between
the readers 34 and host controller 14 can be accomplished by a
variety of substantially conventional communication facilities.
Still another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
schematically represented in FIG. 5. As schematically represented
therein, the reader assembly includes at least one or alternatively
a plurality of mobile or handheld readers 38. The mobile readers 38
are communicative with the host controller 14 by an appropriate
communication link 17 as described above. As will be apparent, the
mobile or handheld reader 38 is particularly adaptable for
inventory control in the application of a variety of different
retail facilities. As with the previously described readers, the
handheld/mobile reader 38 has a 9.15 MHz., 868 MHZ., or 433 MHz.
transceiver that communicates with the plurality of tags 40. The
handheld/mobile reader 38 will transmit an activating signal at the
aforementioned first frequency of preferably 13.56 Mhz. or 433 Mhz.
By manual control of certain control facilities or hardware
associated directly with the mobile reader 38. As a result, at
least one, but preferably all of the plurality of tags will exposed
to the generated field at the first frequency and will wake-up and
transmit (at the second frequency) ID and/or other appropriate data
to the handheld/mobile reader 38. Also, the mobile reader 38 has
the ability to "write" appropriate information into a storage
facility associated with the various tags for subsequent
accessing.
[0070] In certain instances associated with the intended inventory
control procedure the identifying of a specific tag location,
existence, identity, etc. may be required. In doing so, the reader
38 will determine the strength of the transmitted signal from a
designated or searched for tag 40. As the handheld/mobile reader 38
enters into a closer proximity to a specified tag as at 40', the
transmitted signal from tag 40' will of course increase until the
reader 38 narrows the proximity range down to the specific tag 40'.
The handheld reader 38 may also include specific visual display
facilities which will be explained in greater detail with reference
to FIG. 9 but which generally may be in the form of an LCD
display.
[0071] The versatility of the monitoring system of the present
invention is further evidenced by the schematically represented
preferred embodiment of FIG. 6. In this embodiment a reader module
42 can be embedded in a bar code reader generally indicated as 44.
A bar code scanner or other facility 46 is operative to scan or
detect certain bar codes on tags and/or labels 48. The bar code
data is communicated to the reader module 42 which serves to
re-transmit the bar code data to the host controller 14 for further
processing. The reader module 42 may also be operatively structured
within the overall bar code reader 44 to independently read
appropriately configured tags as at 48' independent of any bar code
display thereon. As set forth above the communication link 17'
between the reader module 42 and the host controller 14 is
bi-directional and in this context host controller 14 may send an
acknowledgment signal after receiving any appropriate data from the
reader module 42.
[0072] At least one preferred embodiment of the monitoring system
of the present invention includes the provision of programming
assembly or station generally indicated as 50. Each of a plurality
of tags, regardless of their intended performance and operative
content and indicated in FIG. 7 as 20, 32, 40 and 48, are
structured to be programmed and/or re-programmed by programming
assembly 50. The programming assembly 50 will use the same
frequency that powers the tag (first frequency) but preferably at a
much lower field strength in order to comply with specific FCC
regulations. Therefore, the proximity "write" range between the
programming assembly 50 and the one or more tags 20, 32, 40, 48,
etc. being reprogrammed will be significantly shorter than that
available when normally utilizing the first frequency at high field
strengths. Acknowledgment of re-programming will be observed
through an appropriate acknowledgment signal generated by the
plurality of tags at the normal communication frequency (second
frequency). The programming assembly 50 and the various structures
of the individual tags provide for the programming or reprogramming
of the tags individually or collectively. The reprogramming
procedure is accomplished in order to supply one or more tags with
the most current data, such as a change in data or information.
Further, the programming assembly 50 can be broadly or generally
defined, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, as a
fixed or permanent reader and/or a hand held reader, as previously
described.
[0073] Further structural features preferably, but not necessarily,
common to all of the plurality of tags 20, 32, 40, 48, etc. is the
inclusion of a tamper switch or detector. As a result an attempt to
remove the tag from the article being monitored or otherwise
disassociate it therefrom will result in its automatic activation
or wake-up. The generation of a warning or alarm signal from the
tag to the host or an appropriate reader will result in the
signaling of the host controller 14. Similarly, for the various
active tags incorporating a self contained power source, a low
battery detector 54 can also be incorporated in the various active
tags so as to detect a failure or a predetermined low energy output
from the self contained power source. Similar automatic activation
and alarm signaling of the host, preferably through an appropriate
reader will also be accomplished.
[0074] Yet another device associated with at least some of the
plurality of tags is the inclusion of a mounting or lock device or
assembly 56. Such lock device 56 will be particularly adaptable for
use in a retail facility or environment. As such, the tag 20, 32,
40, 48 etc. will be connected to a product displayed or presented
for sale (and/or stored items). The lock device will prevent the
tag from becoming detached from the article being monitored unless
it is exposed to an electric field or signal, preferably within the
first frequency range of 13.56 MHz or 433 MHz. This field will
cause activation or wake-up of the tag and the tag will send ID or
other appropriate data to one or more readers of an associated
reader assembly. If the transmitted data is valid, recognizing that
the customer is buying the item, then the reader will send a
command to the lock device 56 allowing the associated tag to be
removed from the article being sold prior to it leaving the retail
facility.
[0075] One or more of the preferred embodiments of the present
invention may incorporate one or more readers 38' incorporating a
display facility 60. A typical practical application of the leader
38' having a display facility 60 is that used in the mobile or
handheld computer 38 in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 5. As
such, the reader 38, 38' has a 2450 MHz. or 9.15 MHZ., 868 Mhz. or
433 MHz. transceiver that communicates with the host controller 14.
The reader 38, 38' is connected directly to any size LCD or other
appropriate display 60. The display 60 will be used for displaying
any information about the monitored article, transporting carrier,
box, contents or any other information that the customer/user would
like to display in maintaining an inventory control and/or tracking
procedure as set forth above. The versatility of at least one
embodiment of the present invention is further demonstrated by the
display 60 being used to indicate price information in a retail
establishment such as, but not limited to, a grocery store or the
like, wherein the quantity and/or volume of products is extensive.
A central computer can send a command to an appropriate reader to
wake-up individual ones or an entire group of tags. The updated or
current data, such as price information or any other information of
the type that need be displayed can be transferred to the tag. The
display 60 will thereafter display the new information, when
appropriate, in an immediate fashion.
[0076] Common to at least some of the preferred embodiments
described above is the inclusion of certain "repeater capabilities"
within one or more of the individual readers associated with any
reader assembly. As such, a repeater/reader serves as an amplifier
and, in addition to processing any transmitted data in the context
of the normal reader performance characteristics, will facilitate
transmission of such data between readers or from the readers to
the host controller 14. Typically, a repeater/ reader is positioned
and/or utilized when a conventional reader without repeater
capabilities is located a distance from the host controller or
other readers which derogatorily affects the efficient or reliable
transmission of communication signals there between.
[0077] In addition to the above the various readers, tags, etc. may
be provided with various antenna structures operative to form their
intended communication functions. Such various antenna structures
may include a high frequency reader antenna, transmitter antenna,
shelf antenna (short range), communication antenna, etc.
[0078] As described throughout, the various preferred embodiments
of the present invention include the generation of a field signal
or activating signal, to which the various tags are responsive to
establish activation, wake-up tracking, and/or communication links.
Typically and in at least some of the preferred embodiments, the
field or activating signals are generated by the different
embodiments of the reader assemblies. Moreover, a practical
application of the present invention may involve provision of a
field generator for establishing such signal generation. The field
generator can be combined with a single reader or with each of the
plurality of readers. Alternatively, the field generator or other
facility for generating the field or activating signal can be
operatively maintained separately and independently of anyone or
more of the reader assemblies. The independent field generating
facility can have its own address that is linked to a single reader
address. Yet another alternative embodiment would be the provision
of several field generators linked to a single reader. Also, the
field generator can be independently powered such as by a 12 volts
DC transformer or by means of contained battery.
[0079] Since many modifications, variations and changes in detail
can be made to the described preferred embodiment of the invention,
it is intended that all matters in the foregoing description and
shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative
and not in a limiting sense. Thus, the scope of the invention
should be determined by the appended claims and their legal
equivalents.
[0080] Now that the invention has been described,
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