U.S. patent application number 10/998998 was filed with the patent office on 2005-05-19 for inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods of manufacture.
Invention is credited to Essig, James M., Essig, John R. JR..
Application Number | 20050103329 10/998998 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23133428 |
Filed Date | 2005-05-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050103329 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Essig, John R. JR. ; et
al. |
May 19, 2005 |
Inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods
of manufacture
Abstract
An inflatable, multifunction, multipurpose, parabolic reflector
apparatus having a plurality of manufactured parabolic mirrors made
from a pressure-deformable reflective covering of an inflatable
ring for focusing electromagnetic energy from radio frequency
radiation (RF) through the ultraviolet radiation (UV) and solar
energy for (1) heating and cooking, for (2) electrical power
generation, for (3) enhancing the transmission and reception of
radio signals, for (4) enhancing vision in low-light environments,
and for (5) projection of optical signals or images. The device
also has non-electromagnetic uses, such as the collection of water.
A first main embodiment utilizes two membranes, where at least one
is reflective to electromagnetic radiation. A second main
embodiment utilizes a reflective membrane and a transparent
membrane. Portability is enhanced by complete collapsing of the
inflatable device.
Inventors: |
Essig, John R. JR.;
(Fairfax, VA) ; Essig, James M.; (Fairfax,
VA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GRIFFIN & SZIPL, PC
SUITE PH-1
2300 NINTH STREET, SOUTH
ARLINGTON
VA
22204
US
|
Family ID: |
23133428 |
Appl. No.: |
10/998998 |
Filed: |
November 30, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10998998 |
Nov 30, 2004 |
|
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PCT/US02/16918 |
May 30, 2002 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
126/697 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24S 50/20 20180501;
Y02A 40/926 20180101; G02B 26/0825 20130101; G10K 11/28 20130101;
Y02W 10/37 20150501; Y02B 40/18 20130101; Y02E 10/40 20130101; Y02E
10/47 20130101; E04H 15/38 20130101; F21V 7/16 20130101; F21S 13/12
20130101; G02B 5/10 20130101; H01Q 15/163 20130101; F24S 20/80
20180501; F24S 23/715 20180501; F21S 11/00 20130101; H01Q 1/34
20130101; F24S 20/30 20180501; E04H 15/20 20130101; F21V 7/18
20130101; F24S 25/00 20180501 |
Class at
Publication: |
126/697 |
International
Class: |
F24J 002/38; F24J
002/10 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus for use as a radiant
electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing or beaming apparatus
comprising: a ring, said ring being tubular and inflatable, said
ring defining a vacant circular center; a first inflation valve
disposed in said ring for inflating said ring; at least two
pressure-deformable membranes extending across the center of said
ring, said membranes and said ring defining at least one inflatable
reflector chamber, at least one of said membranes having a second
inflation valve extending therethrough for inflating said reflector
chamber.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each said valve is a
flexible tube closed by a closure means selected from the group
consisting of a plug, a flexible tongue-and-groove valve, a clamp,
and a tie.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least
one accessory device attached to said apparatus, the accessory
device being selected from the group consisting of: one or more
handles; an apertured tab; one or more tying straps; a storage
pouch for storing the deflated and folded apparatus; and one or
more pouches.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least
one fastener device attached to said apparatus, the fastener device
being selected from the group consisting of a clevis, a clip, a
bracket, a mounting stud, a line, and hook-and-loop fastening
patches.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of said
pressure-deformable membranes includes a socket for receiving
accessory equipment.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of
pressure-deformable membranes are two reflective membranes defining
a sub-ambient pressurized reflector chamber.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ring has at
least one access port and each of said membranes have at least one
port for filling the apparatus with material.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of said
membranes has a centered port for collecting rain.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said centered port
is a funnel having a conduit inserted in a collection
container.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including one or
more additional rings attached to and above said ring support.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a gutter
attached to said ring, said gutter having a drain conduit for
collecting liquids.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising one or
more elastic bands attached to a surface of at least one of said
membranes to cause wrinkling as a safety feature.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a cover
attached to at least one point of said apparatus, said cover being
retractable.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising patches
having cross-hairs positioned for aiming and alignment.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including: a
hemispherical hollow support for supporting said ring.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a support
having one or more inflatable linear tubes supporting said
apparatus.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a support
attached to said ring and having hooks or ridges for supporting a
kettle or a rotisserie rod.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a safety
cage attached to said ring, said safety cage including a foldable
framework.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a wire
truss.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ring and said
membranes are formed from a flat pattern of at least four
sheets.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two
membranes include at least one reflective membrane and at least one
transparent membrane defining a super-ambient pressurized reflector
chamber.
22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein each said valve is
a flexible tube closed by a closure means selected from the group
consisting of a plug, a flexible tongue-and-groove valve, a clamp,
and a tie.
23. The apparatus according to claim 21, further comprising at
least one accessory device attached to said ring, the accessory
device being selected from the group consisting of: one or more
handles; an apertured tab; one or more tying straps; a storage
pouch; and one or more pouches for filling with dense material to
stabilize the apparatus.
24. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the transparent
membrane is positioned on top having a centered first valve, the
reflective membrane is positioned below to form a convex-convex
reflecting lens chamber, and the ring support has a second
valve.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said ring is made
of two preformed half-ring pieces and joined to the reflecting
membrane and transparent membrane at a juncture of the joined
half-ring pieces.
26. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein an upper half of
the apparatus is made from one transparent membrane and joined to a
bottom half of one reflective membrane to form the reflector
chamber and said ring support.
27. The apparatus according to claim 15, further including: a
second support ring for supporting said hemispherical support.
28. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a reflective
material is disposed on one or more of the pressure-deformable
membranes.
29. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least
one access port.
30. An apparatus comprising: a support element comprising a
tubular, inflatable ring, wherein the ring includes a vacant center
formed therein; a first inflation assembly disposed in the ring,
wherein the first inflation assembly is operable to inflate the
ring; a plurality of pressure-deformable membranes attached to the
ring and extending across the vacant center, wherein the ring and
the membranes define at least one inflatable reflector chamber; a
second inflation assembly disposed to extend into the reflector
chamber, wherein the second inflation assembly is operable to
inflate the reflector chamber; and a reflective material is
disposed on or in one or more of the plurality of membranes.
31. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein one or more of the
first inflation assembly and the second inflation assembly comprise
a valve.
32. An apparatus as recited in claim 31, wherein the valve is
selected from the group consisting of a tongue-and-groove device, a
clamped or tied device, and a self-sealing closure mechanism.
33. An apparatus as recited in claim 31, wherein the ring and the
vacant center each have a circular shape.
34. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the ring comprises
four or six sheets bonded together to form a toroid.
35. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the sheets include
two annular external sheets of high-strength, high-modulus material
and two inner annular portions of low-elastic-modulus,
high-strength material.
36. An apparatus as recited in claim 35, wherein the ring comprises
four sheets bonded together and the pressure-deformable membranes
form part of the toroid.
37. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the sheets include
two annular external sheets of high-strength, high-modulus material
and two inner annular portions of high-elastic-modulus,
high-strength material.
38. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, wherein the ring comprises
six sheets bonded together and the pressure-deformable membranes
are bonded to the toroid.
39. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the
pressure-deformable membranes overlap the ring and attach to the
ring at a circumference of the ring.
40. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein said apparatus
includes two independent reflector chambers located in the interior
of the vacant space.
41. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of
the reflective membranes is pre-formed into the shape of a
paraboloid.
42. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of
the reflective membranes is pre-formed into the shape of a
non-paraboloid.
43. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein at least one of
the reflective membranes is non-pre-formed and provides a variable
focal length as a function of differential pressure imposed across
the reflective membranes.
44. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective
material is a coating of reflective material disposed on one or
more reflective membranes.
45. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective
material comprises reflective particles homogenously incorporated
in said one or more reflective membranes.
46. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the reflective
material comprises a conductive wire or mesh integrally contained
in said one or more reflective membranes.
47. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the second valve
assembly passes through the ring to enter the reflector
chamber.
48. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising one or
more second inflatable rings attached to the support element.
49. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a first
assembly holding an item at or near a focal point defined by the
apparatus.
50. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the first assembly
comprises a plurality of rods.
51. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a
vessel.
52. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is an
electromagnetic radiation receiving device.
53. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is an
apparatus for generating electrical power selected from the group
consisting of a turboelectric device, a thermoelectric device and a
photoelectric device.
54. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a
device projecting electromagnetic rays.
55. An apparatus as recited in claim 49, wherein the item is a
waveguide intake device.
56. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a
liquid capturing apparatus comprising one or more accoutrements for
capturing liquid.
57. An apparatus as recited in claim 56, further comprising a high
emissivity surface for collecting water.
58. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, further comprising a
pressure release valve disposed in one of the reflective
membranes.
59. An apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein the ring is formed
from a flat pattern of at least two sheets.
60. An apparatus as recited in claim 59, wherein the
pressure-deformable membranes are formed from an additional two
sheets.
61. An apparatus as recited in claim 60, wherein at least one of
the pressure-deformable membranes is preformed.
62. An apparatus as recited in claim 59, wherein each
pressure-deformable membrane comprises a plurality of overlapping
gores.
63. A multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus comprising: a support
element comprising a tubular, inflatable ring, wherein the ring
includes a vacant center formed therein; a first inflation means
for inflating the ring connected to the ring; a plurality of
pressure-deformable membranes attached to the ring and extending
across the vacant center, wherein the ring and the membranes define
at least one inflatable reflector chamber; a second inflation means
for inflating the reflector chamber, wherein the second inflation
means is disposed to extend into the reflector chamber; and a means
for reflecting electromagnetic radiation disposed on or in one or
more components selected from the group consisting of the ring and
one or more of the plurality of membranes.
64. An auditory microphone comprising: a multi-purpose apparatus as
recited in claim 30, wherein the multi-purpose apparatus defines a
focal point; and a microphone is disposed at or near the focal
point.
65. An electric power generating apparatus comprising: a
multi-purpose apparatus as recited in claim 30; and a photovoltaic
device or a thermoelectric device disposed to receive
electromagnetic energy concentrated, focused or beamed from the
multi-purpose apparatus.
66. A turboelectric apparatus comprising: a multi-purpose apparatus
as recited in claim 30; a tank having a heating liquid medium
disposed therein, wherein the tank is disposed to receive
electromagnetic energy concentrated, focused or beamed from the
multi-purpose apparatus; and a pipe connected to the tank for
passing steam to a proximate turbine.
67. A method of concentrating, focusing, reflecting or beaming
radiant electromagnetic energy, comprising the steps of: (a)
providing a multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus for
concentrating, focusing or beaming electromagnetic energy, the
apparatus comprising: i. a support element comprising a tubular,
inflatable ring, wherein the ring includes a vacant center formed
therein; ii. a first inflation assembly disposed in the ring,
wherein the first inflation assembly is operable to inflate the
ring; iii. a plurality of pressure-deformable membranes attached to
the ring and extending across the vacant center, wherein the ring
and the membranes define at least one inflatable reflector chamber;
iv. a second inflation assembly disposed to extend into the
reflector chamber, wherein the second inflation assembly is
operable to inflate the reflector chamber; and v. a reflective
material disposed on or in one or more of the plurality of
membranes, wherein the ring and the reflector chamber are each in
an inflated state; (b) orienting the apparatus to receive
electromagnetic radiation from a source of electromagnetic energy;
and (c) concentrating and focusing electromagnetic radiation
received from the source by reflecting the electromagnetic energy
using the reflective material.
68. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic
radiation is concentrated and focused at a focal point.
69. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic
radiation is radiant energy from the sun, and the method further
comprises the step of: (d) heating an object using the concentrated
and focused electromagnetic radiation from the sun.
70. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of
electromagnetic radiation generates dangerous electromagnetic
radiation, and the method further comprises the step of: (d)
shielding an object by reflecting electromagnetic radiation
generated by the source away from the object.
71. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of
electromagnetic radiation is a light source, the electromagnetic
radiation is light, and the method further comprises the step of:
(d) illuminating an object using concentrated and focused light
generated by the light source.
72. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the source of
electromagnetic radiation is a transmitter transmitting
electromagnetic radiation, and the method further comprises the
step of: (d) enhancing a transmitted signal by concentrating and
focusing electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the
transmitter.
73. A method as recited in claim 67, wherein the electromagnetic
radiation is solar radiation generated by the sun, and the method
further comprises the step of: (d) energizing an object using
concentrated and focused solar radiation, wherein the object is
selected from the group consisting of a photovoltaic cell device
and a thermoelectric cell device.
74. A portable field-deployable electromagnetic energy
concentrating apparatus comprising: a support ring comprising at
least one substantially tubular and inflatable ring, wherein the
support ring defines a vacant center; at least one means for
inflating the support ring; at least two pressure-deformable
membranes extending across the vacant center, wherein the membranes
define at least one substantially predetermined portion of at least
one inflatable reflector chamber, and at least one of the
pressure-deformable membranes has at least one means for reflecting
radiant electromagnetic energy; at least one inflation means for
inflating the reflector chamber; and at least one safety means for
reducing the risk of accidental or unintentional exposure to
concentrated electromagnetic radiation.
75. A method for reducing the risk of accidental or unintentional
exposure to concentrated electromagnetic radiation while operating
an electromagnetic energy concentrating apparatus, the method
comprising the steps of: (a) deploying a portable field-deployable
electromagnetic energy concentrating apparatus comprising: i. a
support ring comprising at least one substantially tubular and
inflatable ring, wherein the support ring defines a vacant center;
ii. at least one means for inflating the support ring; iii. at
least two pressure-deformable membranes extending across the vacant
center, wherein the membranes define at least one substantially
predetermined portion of at least one inflatable reflector chamber,
and at least one of the pressure-deformable membranes has at least
one means for reflecting radiant electromagnetic energy; iv. at
least one inflation means for inflating the reflector chamber; and
v. at least one safety means for reducing the risk of accidental or
unintentional exposure to concentrated electromagnetic radiation,
wherein the ring and the at least one reflector chamber of the
deployed apparatus are inflated; (b) operating the deployed
apparatus to concentrate radiant electromagnetic energy; and (c)
limiting the concentration of radiant electromagnetic energy to a
proximity to a substantially fixed focal point by using the at
least one safety means, wherein the fixed focal point is defined by
the apparatus.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to radiant
electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing and beaming devices
and manufacturing methods. More specifically, the invention, in one
of its preferred embodiments, is an inflatable parabolic reflector
device made from pressure-deformable reflective membranes supported
by an integral inflatable ring for focusing electromagnetic energy
from radio frequency radiation (RF) through the ultraviolet
radiation (UV) including solar energy for (1) heating or cooking,
(2) electrical power generation, (3) enhancing the transmission or
reception of radio signals, (4) enhancing vision in low-light
environments, and/or (5) projection of optical signals or
images.
[0003] A first main embodiment utilizes two or more
pressure-deformable membranes, at least one of which is reflective,
to form a central reflector chamber, which can be inflated to
either sub-ambient (as required for most applications) or
super-ambient pressures to deploy the reflective membranes. A
second main embodiment utilizes at least one reflective membrane
and at least one transparent membrane to form a central reflector
chamber, which can be inflated only to super-ambient pressures.
[0004] The invention also contemplates that the apparatus can be
used for such non-electromagnetic functions as (1) the collecting
and/or storage of water, (2) use as a water flotation device, (3)
use as a gurney or cast, (4) use as a portable fermentor apparatus,
or (5) the directional amplification of sound. The invention
contemplates numerous other uses as discussed hereinbelow and as
readily apparent to a user of the device.
[0005] 2. Related Art
[0006] a. Description
[0007] The related art of interest describes various
electromagnetic energy harnessing devices, but none discloses the
present invention. There is a need for an economical device useful
for many different purposes and deflatable for portage and
storage.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 3,326,624 issued on Jun. 20, 1967, to Wladimir
von Maydell et al. describes an inflatable paraboloid mirror
capable of being formed into a permanently rigid structure in outer
space to collect solar energy for space stations and flying bodies.
The mirror has a valved annular ring, radial segmental covers or
strip springs, radial heating wires, and a valved double walled
mirror formed with polyester foam coated with a reflector material.
The ring and mirror have internal rigid spacers.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,294 issued on Jul. 6, 1999, to Bibb B.
Allen describes a space antenna having an interior tensioned
multiple cord attachment in a balloon which uses Mylar.RTM. for
electromagnetic and solar energy applications in a first
embodiment. A second embodiment utilizes an exterior tensioned cord
attachment to a spacecraft of an antenna reflector of a gold-plated
molybdenum or graphite wire mesh inside an inflated toroidal
support balloon which uses Mylar.RTM. for electromagnetic and solar
energy applications.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,112 issued on Sep. 28, 1982, to Fritz
Leonhardt et al. describes a large reflector having an inner face
of either a polished aluminum sheet or a plastic sheet backed by
individual membrane segments of a rigid foam backing having a
curved concave surface and an opening in its center. Two membranes
formed as concave or convex reflectors are used to reflect and
concentrate solar rays to a heat absorber, heat exchanger and the
like.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 2,977,596 issued on Mar. 28, 1961, to Harold
D. Justice describes an inflatable circular antenna saucer on a
transmitter or receiver base.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 3,005,987 issued on Oct. 24, 1961, to Kent M.
Mack et al. describes an inflatable antenna assembly comprising a
radome covering an inflatable elliptical tubular membrane support
having structural lacing and two concave sheets of flexible
non-conducting sheets, wherein one sheet is coated with vaporized
aluminum.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 3,056,131 issued on Sep. 25, 1962, to Ralph L.
McCreary describes an inflatable reflector for electromagnetic
radiation comprising two concave thin sheets of flexible plastic
material, wherein at least one sheet having a parabolic shape.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 3,221,333 issued on Nov. 30, 1965, to Desmond
M. Brown describes an inflatable radio antenna comprising an oblate
bag aerial including a pair of spaced parallel insulating planar
surfaces connected to a medial portion and having two antenna
elements mounted parallel to form a capacitive plate antenna.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 3,413,645 issued on Nov. 26, 1968, to Richard
J. Koehler describes an elongated inflatable parabolic radar
antenna toroid assembly providing a small wave energy aperture in
one plane and a larger wave energy aperture in a perpendicular
plane.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,860 issued on Oct. 7, 1969, to Floyd D.
Amburgey describes a reflector antenna having a variable or
flexible surface, the geometrical shape of which may be changed by
air pressure or a partial vacuum behind the flexible membrane for
the purpose of obtaining the best reception from this antenna
type.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 4,672,389 issued on Jun. 9, 1987, to David N.
Ulry describes an inflatable reflector apparatus and a method of
manufacture. A super-ambient pressure is maintained within the
envelope which is maintained by a compression frame member.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,609 issued on May 3, 1988, to Daniel V.
Sallis describes a stretched membrane heliostat having a membrane
mounted on a circular frame, there being a double-walled portion of
the membrane that extends in a circle near the periphery of the
membrane to form a bladder that is inflatable to tension the
membrane.
[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,819 issued on Jul. 5, 1988, to Marco C.
Bernasconi et al. describes a parabolically-shaped reflector
antenna intended for space vehicle applications. The device is
inflated by a gas in space to form an antenna reflector and an
antenna radome stabilized by a rigidizing torus. The covering
material is a resin-impregnated fabric which when heated by the sun
polymerizes to render the reflector antenna stable and requires no
gas pressure to keep its shape.
[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,600 issued on Jan. 4, 1994, to Takase
Mitsuo et al. describes a planar reflector composed of a base and a
flexible polymeric plastic substrate having a high reflective
silver layer formed thereon and overlayed on the base with an
adhesive layer interposed between the two layers.
[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,984 issued on Jan. 23, 1996, to Jack V.
Miller describes a parabolic fiber optic light guide luminaire
device comprising an elongated fiber optic light guide having one
end accepting light and the opposite end emitting light on a
coaxially disposed optical axis near the focus of the paraboloidal
reflector.
[0022] U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,667 issued on Nov. 17, 1998, to Glenn
Baker et al. describes an electromagnetic radiation source or arc
lamp located at a point displaced from the optical axis of a
concave toroidal reflecting surface. The target is an optical
fiber. A second concave reflector is placed opposite the first
reflector to enhance the total flux collected by the small
target.
[0023] U.S. Pat. No. 5,893,360 issued on Apr. 13, 1999, to O'Malley
O. Stoumen et al. describes an inflatable solar oven comprising two
sheets of flexible material sealed at their edges. The top sheet is
clear and the bottom sheet has a reflective layer.
[0024] U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,581 issued on Sep. 7, 1999, to Michael
L. Schrimmer et al. describes a light-emitting diode (LED)
illuminated balloon comprising a gas-impermeable membrane
containing gas and a self-contained illuminating LED.
[0025] U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,652 issued on Oct. 19, 1999, and U.S.
Pat. No. 6,238,077 issued on May 29, 2001, to David P. Ramer et al.
describes an apparatus for projecting electro-magnetic radiation
with a tailored intensity distribution over a spherical sector.
[0026] U.S. Pat. No. 6,106,135 issued on Aug. 22, 2000, to Robert
Zingale et al. describes an inflatable translucent balloon having a
light source attached suspended inside and tethered by an AC light
source or a fiber optic. The light source can be an internal
incandescent lamp, LED, laser, a flashing xenon lamp or a DC
battery.
[0027] U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,995 issued on Nov. 21, 2000, to L.
Dwight Gilger describes a combined photovoltaic array and a
deployable perimeter truss RF reflector.
[0028] U.S. Pat. No. 6,219,009 issued on Apr. 17, 2001, to John
Shipley et al. describes a tensioned cord and tie attachment of a
collapsible antenna reflector to an inflatable radial truss support
structure.
[0029] U.K. Patent Application No. 758,090 published on Sep. 26,
1956, for Charles T. Suchy et al. describes an inflatable balloon
having arranged within a radio aerial.
[0030] France Patent Application No. 1.048.681 published on Dec.
23, 1953, for Adnan Tarcici describes a reflector for concentrating
solar energy for cooking when camping.
[0031] Japan Patent Application No. 59-97205 published on Jun. 5,
1984, for Yasuo Nagazumi describes a parabolic antenna having an
airtight chamber filled with nitrogen and demarcated with a
radiating aluminum casing and a heat insulating mirror.
[0032] b. Advantages Thereover
[0033] The instant device is superior to the related art in at
least six very significant respects. First, the instant device is
superior to the related art as a result of its highly
multi-functional, multi-purpose nature. It is noted that both the
first and second embodiments of the instant device have numerous
electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic utilities. In contrast, all
related art is significantly more limited with respect to utilities
and applications thereof.
[0034] Second, the instant device is superior to the related art as
a result of its extremely lightweight and compactly foldable
construction, which greatly facilitates portage and storage. As an
example, note that a pocket-sized version of the instant device
with a mass of approximately 125 grams and measuring only 9.0 cm by
12.0 cm by 1.0 cm when fully collapsed can be inflated to yield a
fully deployed device having a 120 cm diameter primary reflector
providing 1000 watts of highly concentrated broad-spectrum radiant
energy when utilized terrestrially as a solar concentrator device.
It is noted that such a device can thus provide an unprecedented
mass-specific power output approximating 8000 watts per
kilogram.
[0035] Third, the instant device is superior to the related art as
a result of its precisely pre-formed reflective membranes and other
optional features, which greatly increase the operational safety of
the device. More specifically, the use of pre-formed parabolic
reflective membranes (instead of planar membranes as generally used
in related art) allows the device to have (and can limit the device
to) relatively short focal lengths, thereby enabling the user to
maintain greater control over the location of any potentially
dangerous, high concentrations of radiant energy.
[0036] In addition, the use of pre-formed, non-parabolic reflective
membranes may be used to limit the degree of energy concentration
to safer levels. Furthermore, the use of optional integral safety
cages and covers reduces the risk of accidental exposure to high
concentrations of electromagnetic radiation.
[0037] Fourth, the instant device is superior to the related art in
that it is easier to deploy (inflate) as a result of its pre-formed
reflective membranes. Note that by using pre-formed reflective
membranes, such reflective membranes can be fully deployed using
significantly less differential pressure across the membranes,
thereby facilitating proper inflation.
[0038] Fifth, the first embodiment of the instant device is more
efficient in that it eliminates a plurality of losses inherent in
the super-ambient reflector chamber designs of the related art.
Note that by employing a sub-ambient pressure reflector chamber in
the first embodiment of the instant device, sunlight or other
electromagnetic radiation can travel, unobstructed, from the energy
source to the reflector and then to the target. Accordingly, the
first embodiment of the instant device causes no (zero) losses of
radiant electromagnetic energy as such energy travels to and from
the reflector. In contrast, in the related art, sunlight or other
electromagnetic radiation must pass through the transparent
membrane of the super-ambient reflector chamber on its way to and
from the reflector, thereby resulting in a plurality of losses.
These losses include the reflection, absorption, and diffusion of
electromagnetic radiation as it travels to and from the
reflector.
[0039] In greater detail, as light travels to the reflector, some
of the light is reflected by the outer surface of the transparent
membrane, through which the light must pass on its way to the
reflector. As the remaining light travels through the thickness of
the transparent membrane, additional energy is absorbed and/or
diffused as a result of molecular interaction. Next, as the
remaining light reaches the interior surface of the transparent
membrane, additional light is reflected back through the membrane
because of a difference between the indices of refraction of the
transparent membrane and the gas (typically air) inside the
reflector chamber. These three processes are repeated for light
that has been reflected off the mirror, thus resulting in a total
of six significant transmission losses. Furthermore, light which
does manage to successfully pass through the transparent membrane
is still subject to unwanted diffusion or dispersion due to the
optically imperfect surfaces of the transparent membrane.
Ultimately, the transparent membranes of the super-ambient
reflector chambers of the related art are typically responsible for
reducing the efficiency of such devices by twenty percent, or
more.
[0040] Sixth, the instant device is superior to the related art as
a result of its extremely simple, highly integrated structure,
which makes the device very economical. Note that the designs
specified in the related art do not demonstrate the high degree of
integration and resulting simplicity of construction that is
specified herein for the instant device. Also note that the
relative simplicity of the instant device is due, in part, to the
fact that its reflective membranes can be deformed into precise
concave parabolic surfaces using only the surrounding ambient
pressure (and partial evacuation of the reflector chamber) to
concavely deform its reflective membranes. In contrast, related art
relies on complex mechanical arrangements or electrostatic systems
to concavely deform the reflective membranes.
[0041] As one reads subsequent sections of this document, it will
become quite clear that the first and second embodiments of the
instant device are also superior to the related art in a variety of
other ways including, among other items, various methods of
manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0042] The invention, in its preferred embodiments, is a portable,
multifunction, multipurpose, inflatable parabolic reflector device
(apparatus) made from pressure-deformable membranes, of which at
least one is reflective, supported by an inflatable ring for
focusing electromagnetic energy from radio frequency (RF) radiation
through ultraviolet (UV) radiation including broad-spectrum solar
energy for (1) heating and cooking, (2) generating thermal or
electrical power, (3) enhancing the transmission or reception of
radio signals, (4) enhancing vision in low-light environments,
and/or (5) the projection of optical signals or images. The
multifunctional device also offers numerous non-electromagnetic
functions such as (1) the collecting and/or storage of water, (2)
use as a water flotation device, (3) use as a gurney or cast, (4)
use as a portable fermentor apparatus, and/or (5) the directional
amplification of sound.
[0043] A first main embodiment utilizes two pressure-deformable
membranes, at least one of which is reflective, to form a central
reflector chamber, which can be inflated to either sub-ambient
(preferred) or super-ambient pressures to deploy the reflective
membranes. A second main embodiment utilizes at least one
reflective membrane and at least one transparent membrane to form a
central reflector chamber, which can be inflated only to
super-ambient pressures. Both embodiments employ reflective
membranes which are pre-formed into the shape of a paraboloid to
enhance safety and facilitate operation. However, the use of
non-preformed, i.e. planar, reflective membranes is contemplated to
enable a variable focal length. Furthermore, the use of pre-formed,
non-parabolic, i.e. spherical, undulating, or series of conic
sections, reflective membranes is contemplated to limit the maximum
degree of concentration to further enhance safety.
[0044] Specific portable devices and apparatuses are shown for both
main embodiments which further facilitate or enable a wide range of
useful applications such as (1) the concentration and collection of
broad-spectrum solar energy for cooking, heating, distillation, and
power generation; (2) the reception and transmission of radio
signals; (3) the illumination of interior, subterranean, and
underwater environments; (4) the collection and storage of water or
other liquids; and/or (5) the directional amplification of sound.
Fabrication processes are disclosed for forming the products with
multiple pressure-deformable membranes.
[0045] Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to
provide a highly portable, multi-function, multi-purpose apparatus
and fabrication methods thereof, which is typically (but
optionally) configured for use as a parabolic reflector to focus
electromagnetic energy from radio frequency radiation (RF) through
ultraviolet radiation (UV) including solar radiation, but which can
also be used for numerous other electromagnetic and
non-electromagnetic utilities. Regarding the multi-functional
nature of this invention, specific (but optional) objects and
advantages of this invention are:
[0046] (a) to provide a highly portable multifunction apparatus for
concentrating broad-spectrum (i.e., solar) radiation for cooking,
heating, sterilizing, distilling, material processing, and for
other purposes requiring or benefiting from the application of
radiant heat, which may optionally utilize various accoutrements
specially configured for absorbing concentrated solar radiation
including, for example, a solar oven or autoclave having a
high-emissivity (generally blackened) energy-absorbing external
surface;
[0047] (b) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for
generating electrical power utilizing turboelectric,
thermoelectric, and/or photoelectric devices;
[0048] (c) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
be utilized to concentrate light radiating from a relatively dim
source, such as a street lamp, to operate (or recharge) an
otherwise inoperable, low-powered, photovoltaic device, such as a
handheld calculator;
[0049] (d) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
be used for enhancing or enabling radio, microwave, and satellite
communications as well as enabling radio-telescopy;
[0050] (e) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for
enhancing vision in darkened environments by concentrating visible
light radiating from a dim source, such as a crescent moon, onto an
object to be viewed;
[0051] (f) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for
enhancing vision in darkened environments by projecting light from
non-collimated sources, such as a candle, into dark
environments;
[0052] (g) to provide a highly portable multifunction apparatus for
enabling or enhancing optical signal communications, such as when
used with a non-collimated light source held at the focal point to
form a signal beacon;
[0053] (h) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus employing
a waveguide system to capture and deliver pan-chromatic visible
light (or other useful spectral range of radiation) to interior,
subterranean, and/or underwater environments to enhance vision, or
to operate equipment such as an optical image projector;
[0054] (i) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
serve as a multi-layer emergency thermal blanket as well as an
electrostatic and electromagnetic energy shield to protect a person
or object, but which also allows a person or object to hide from an
infrared (IR) camera or otherwise be shielded from an
electromagnetic imaging or detection device;
[0055] (j) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
serve as a soft, compliant support for persons or objects,
including use as a gurney or inflatable cast;
[0056] (k) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
be used as a water flotation device, boat, or snow sled;
[0057] (l) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
be used to capture, store, process, and/or distribute water, other
liquids, and/or certain solid materials, for which various
accoutrements (such as catchment rings, gutters, funnels, filters,
tubes, valves, pumps, and the like) can be either integrally or
removably incorporated into the apparatus;
[0058] (m) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus
incorporating a high-emissivity surface (e.g., matte black) which
can be used to collect water at night by condensation
processes;
[0059] (n) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus which can
be used a fermentor, which in conjunction with the distillation
function noted above, allows the apparatus to produce high grade
spirits for fuel, medical and other purposes;
[0060] (o) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus for the
directional amplification of sound, and/or
[0061] (p) to provide a portable multifunction apparatus optionally
incorporating one or more pressure-deformable, planar, reflective
membranes to allow the device to have a variable focal length.
[0062] Another typical (but optional) object of the invention is to
provide a multifunction apparatus which is extremely lightweight,
fully collapsible, and compactly foldable so as to greatly
facilitate portage and storage, thereby providing a
high-performance apparatus which is ideally suited to camping,
backpacking, picnicking, boating, emergency use, disaster relief,
and other situations (terrestrial or space-based) for which high
mass-specific and/or high volume-specific performance is critical.
Regarding portage and storage, specific (but optional) objects of
this invention are:
[0063] (a) to provide a multifunctional apparatus having a primary
structure comprised entirely of very thin, high-strength membranes
to minimize weight;
[0064] (b) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which is
inflatable (rigidizable and otherwise fully deployable) by using
pressurized gas, which generally need not be carried with the
device;
[0065] (c) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which is fully
collapsible and compactly foldable when not in use to minimize
volume;
[0066] (d) to provide a multi-functional apparatus which due to its
extremely low weight and stored (non-deployed) volume yields very
high mass-specific and volume-specific performance approximating
8000 watts per kilogram and 10 megawatts per cubic meter,
respectively, when used terrestrially as a broad-spectrum solar
concentrator, and/or
[0067] (e) to provide a multifunctional device with extremely
lightweight and compact inflation valves made from membranous
material and including a "zip-loc".RTM. (i.e., tongue-and-groove),
clamped or tied, or self-sealing type closure mechanisms.
[0068] Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a multifunctional apparatus which is safer to
operate, transport, and store. Regarding safety, specific (but
optional) objects of this invention are:
[0069] (a) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having
an integral safety cage which forms a physical barrier around the
focal point, thereby preventing accidental exposure to potentially
dangerous concentrations of electromagnetic radiation;
[0070] (b) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having
an integral safety cover to block radiation from striking the
reflective membranes when the device is not in use, thereby
preventing the formation of--and thus the risk of accidental
exposure to--potentially dangerous concentrations of
electromagnetic radiation at the focal point;
[0071] (c) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having
an integral reflector wrinkling mechanism for distorting the
reflective membranes when not fully deployed (pressurized), thereby
once again preventing the formation of any unintentional,
potentially dangerous concentrations of electromagnetic energy;
[0072] (d) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having
pre-formed parabolic reflective membranes, which limit the device
to short focal lengths, thereby enhancing safety by giving the
operator greater control of the location of the highly concentrated
energy at the focal point; and/or
[0073] (e) to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus having a
pre-formed, non-parabolic reflective membranes to limit the degree
of energy concentration to safer levels.
[0074] Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is easier
to deploy and operate. Regarding ease of use, specific (but
optional) objects of this invention are:
[0075] (a) to provide an apparatus having various integral securing
and storage features such as handles, apertured tabs, ties,
weighting and storage pouches (especially those which are
lightweight, compact, and can be made from extensions of the
membranes out of which the device is composed);
[0076] (b) to provide an apparatus having various integral
accessory hardware attachment devices such as clevises, clips,
brackets, sockets, hook-and-loop patches, and other common
fastening mechanisms;
[0077] (c) to provide an apparatus having a lightweight, portable
mechanism for supporting and orienting the device, for example, an
inflatable, adjustable dipody support, a stack of inflatable
tapered support/leveling rings, or an inflatable hemispherical
mounting element with a separate optional inflatable (floating)
support ring;
[0078] (d) to provide an apparatus having lightweight, portable
mechanisms for holding various items and/or accoutrements at or
near the focal point including a collapsible, multipurpose
rotisserie/kettle support, a collapsible multi-leg focal point
support, and/or an inflatable focal point support;
[0079] (e) to provide an apparatus having pre-formed pressure
deformable reflective membranes, which can be fully deployed using
significantly lower differential pressures across the membranes
than devices employing planar reflective membranes, thus
facilitating proper inflation;
[0080] (f) to provide an apparatus having integral orientation and
alignment features, such as a visual alignment guide, inclinometer,
level, and/or magnetic compass, to facilitate alignment with an
electromagnetic source and/or target, or for orienting the device
for other purposes;
[0081] (g) to provide an apparatus having a light/heat intensity
controller such as a louver or iris mechanism which is manually or
automatically controlled; and/or
[0082] (h) to provide an apparatus having various integrally or
separately attached electronic and/or mechanical elements to
facilitate various applications including but not limited to
photovoltaic cells, electric pumps, fans, drivers, timers,
thermostats, controllers, and other useful devices.
[0083] Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is more
efficient, wherein two pressure deformable membranes are utilized
to form a sub-ambient concave-concave reflector chamber
configuration, thereby eliminating the plurality of losses inherent
in devices employing a super-ambient reflector chamber for which
light must pass though a transparent membrane at least once on its
way to or from the focal point.
[0084] Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus which is highly
economical by virtue of its extremely simple, highly integrated
construction, and which can thus be made universally available for
both routine use as well as educational purposes. Regarding
economy, specific (but optional) objects of this invention are:
[0085] (a) to provide an apparatus (first and second main
embodiment) made from a plurality (generally four or more) of
sheets of thin, high-strength, high-elastic-modulus (preferably)
material using a flat pattern fabrication method that greatly
simplifies manufacturing tooling and processing, thereby reducing
fabrication cost; and/or
[0086] (b) to provide an apparatus (second embodiment) which can be
fabricated from as few as two thin sheets of high-strength,
commercially available materials using simple, well-established
manufacturing processes.
[0087] Still another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is highly
drop-tolerant or otherwise damage-tolerant. Regarding drop/damage
tolerance, specific (but optional) objects of this invention
are:
[0088] (a) to provide an apparatus having one or more redundant
reflector chambers such that if one reflector chamber is damaged,
the device is still operable; and/or
[0089] (b) to provide an apparatus constructed primarily of highly
flexible materials such that the apparatus can be dropped
intentionally (e.g., air dropped) or unintentionally (i.e.,
accidentally) yet sustain no appreciable damage.
[0090] Yet another typical (but optional) object of the invention
is to provide a portable multifunctional apparatus that is
environmentally friendly by virtue of the fact that the apparatus
requires no fuel to operate. Instead, the instant invention
typically relies solely on radiating solar energy, thereby causing
no air, water, or ground pollution, which is in stark contrast to
other common portable cooking and heating equipment that generally
rely on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and thus inherently
cause pollution through both combustion processes and fuel
spills.
[0091] It is a further object of the invention to provide improved
elements and arrangements thereof for the purposes described which
is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its
intended purposes.
[0092] These and other objects of the present invention will become
readily apparent upon further review of the following specification
and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0093] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of an
inflatable support having two pressure-deformable membrane devices
with the frontal membrane and the rear membrane having concave
reflective surfaces.
[0094] FIG. 2 is a side view of the first embodiment depicting the
inflatable support with two internal pressure-deformable membranes
shown in shadow having reflective surfaces.
[0095] FIG. 3A is a schematic diametric elevational cross-sectional
view of the first embodiment having a reflector surface with a
slightly inflated membrane portion forming a focal point having a
shortened distance as an example of the operation of adjusting the
focal length to the device.
[0096] FIG. 3B is a schematic diametric elevational cross-sectional
view of the first embodiment having a reflector surface with a
greater inflation of the membrane portion forming a focal point
having a longer distance.
[0097] FIG. 4 is a schematic diametric elevational cross-sectional
view of the first embodiment having a pressure-deformable device
having two reflective outer membranes and a non-reflective center
membrane serving to form a redundant reflector chamber.
[0098] FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the first embodiment device
having an inflatable support with additional optional securing and
storage elements. The optional peripheral elements are also
available for the second embodiment device.
[0099] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an integral
plastic plug valve.
[0100] FIG. 7A is a schematic partial top plan view of a
tongue-and-groove (e.g., ziploc.RTM.)-type valve.
[0101] FIG. 7B is a schematic partial top plan view of a clamp or
tie closure for a valve.
[0102] FIG. 8 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of attachment devices such as a clevis, clip, bracket, mounting
stud, hook-and-loop fastening patches, and including an antenna
anchored in a socket centered in the frontal membrane for the first
main embodiment device.
[0103] FIG. 9 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device employing air-tight square, circular
or rectangular covers which have a flexible hinge for the front
membrane and for the ring support for adding water, rocks or sand
as weight or chlorine to the water.
[0104] FIG. 10 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device modified with a funnel centered in
the frontal membrane to collect falling materials, such as rain
water, which collect within the cavity between membranes.
[0105] FIG. 11 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device for collecting rainwater including a
collecting funnel, a drainage tube and a collection vessel.
[0106] FIG. 12 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device for collecting and holding
materials, such as water. Another water collection ring of a
smaller size is connected to the main support ring with optional
air passage ports between rings.
[0107] FIG. 13 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device for collecting precipitation or
condensed water and provided with a peripheral gutter, a drain and
a water collection tank.
[0108] FIG. 14A is a schematic top plan view of the first
embodiment device modified with either stretched radial or
continuous stretched circular (dashed) elastic bands included in
the internal surfaces of both membranes to cause wrinkling or
distortion of the reflector surfaces as a safety feature when the
device is not being used.
[0109] FIG. 14B is a schematic partial cross-sectional elevational
view of the elastic band secured at spaced points by a securing
plastic band attached to a membrane.
[0110] FIG. 15 is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional view
of the first embodiment device having a rollable circular and
opaque safety cover which can be deployed when the device is not in
use.
[0111] FIG. 16 is a schematic top plan view of the first embodiment
device modified with a centered transparent patched region of both
membranes with each membrane having an aligned pair of cross-hair
configured members surrounding the centered valve. The support also
has a transparent patch with an aligned pair of cross-hair
configured members. These features enable the alignment of the
device with the electromagnetic source.
[0112] FIG. 17 is a schematic elevational view of the first
embodiment device modified to form a reception apparatus.
[0113] FIG. 18 is a schematic perspective view of the inclined
first embodiment device being supported in the rear by a pair of
inflatable support tubes which have compartments for controlling
the supporting length of each tube. The support tubes are further
stabilized by weight-fillable pouches at their bottoms and tension
cables for attachment to each other and to the base of the
device.
[0114] FIG. 19A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial
flat pattern of an uninflated first embodiment device showing
preferred bonding regions.
[0115] FIG. 19B is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional
view of the first embodiment device of FIG. 19A in an inflated
condition.
[0116] FIG. 20 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device employed to concentrate an auditory
chirp made by a bird with the aid of an optional microphone system
or by the naked ear.
[0117] FIG. 21 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device employed as an electromagnetic energy
shield for protection from either a leaking microwave oven or from
a cathode ray tube device.
[0118] FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of the first
embodiment device employed as an emergency thermal bed or blanket.
The flexible device can be draped over or wrapped around the
person.
[0119] FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of the first
embodiment device employed with a waveguide intake device, a fiber
optic cable and either an optical image projector or a slide
projector.
[0120] FIG. 24 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of a
transparent sphere in space utilized as part of a radio telescope
system having the first embodiment device fixed inside on one side
with an antenna also positioned in the center by attachment cables
or rods to accept radio frequency and microwave radiation in a
super-ambient interior pressure chamber.
[0121] FIG. 25 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to reflect the light from a
sodium vapor street lamp to operate or recharge a low-power
photo-electric device such as a calculator.
[0122] FIG. 26 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to produce illumination in the
form of pan-chromatic light for divers by transmitting solar
radiation through a waveguide light intake device to a fiber
optical cable to the diver's lamp.
[0123] FIG. 27 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to produce interior
illumination by concentrating solar radiation into a fiber optic
cable system to interior lamps in the building or shelter.
[0124] FIG. 28 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized with a burning candle at its
focal point to illuminate a distant object or area in a dark
environment such as for reading a book.
[0125] FIG. 29 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized with the aid of a crescent
moon to capture and concentrate lunar radiation to read a book or
other materials such as compass or a map.
[0126] FIG. 30 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized with a low-powered light
source such as a flashlight to communicate by bursts of light
signals focused on a distant tree observed by another person.
[0127] FIG. 31 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized as a parabolic radio frequency
(RF) or a microwave transmitter/receiver device by adding a
centered antenna mounted along the device's focus to receive
signals from a transmitter station out of normal range.
[0128] FIG. 32 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to heat an elevated and
blackened water tank.
[0129] FIG. 33 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device as either a single device or multiple
devices utilized to reflect radiant energy from a camp fire,
fireplace or the sun onto a person not at the focal point for
warmth or survival during cold weather.
[0130] FIG. 34 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to ignite a combustible
material such as paper, wood and the like from solar radiation.
[0131] FIG. 35 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to energize a photovoltaic
cell device by solar radiation.
[0132] FIG. 36 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to energize a thermoelectric
cell device by solar radiation for electrical transmission.
[0133] FIG. 37 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to heat by solar radiation a
liquid such as water in a blackened tank to form steam from a water
influent to energize a steam turbine.
[0134] FIG. 38 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to heat by solar radiation a
thermal reaction vessel blackened externally for producing
materials in industry.
[0135] FIG. 39A is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device utilized to distill liquids by solar
radiation, showing a blackened tank or a pressure-pot containing
the starting liquid and connected by a conduit to a condensation
coil and to a distillate collection vessel.
[0136] FIG. 39B is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first embodiment device used as a fermentor apparatus.
[0137] FIG. 40 is a schematic perspective view of the first
embodiment device utilized to form a combination rotisserie and a
ridged or notched kettle support formed by four arcuate rods to
obtain heat from solar radiation.
[0138] FIG. 41 is a schematic perspective view of the first
embodiment device utilized to form a deployable and retractable
safety cage for protection from highly concentrated energy by
adding a plurality of rigid metal or plastic semicircular support
legs attached at their ends to a pair of diametrical pin joints on
the device and held stable by four flexible metal or plastic
cables.
[0139] FIG. 42 is a schematic elevational view of the first
embodiment device utilized to form a multiple leg support anchored
to it to support any device or material at or near the focal point
such as an electromagnetic radiation device which is connected to
an electric cord to a receiver device.
[0140] FIG. 43 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first
embodiment device utilizing a first valve for the support ring and
a second reflector chamber valve with its conduit passing through
the support ring into the chamber between the reflector
membranes.
[0141] FIG. 44 is a perspective view of one method of construction
of the support ring by tapered gores which are heat-welded or
adhesively bonded together. The reflector chamber has been omitted
for clarity.
[0142] FIG. 45A is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
a first species of the first embodiment device in the inflated
state with two reflective membranes and a torus made from two
annular sheets with valves for each portion.
[0143] FIG. 45B is a schematic cross sectional view of the FIG. 45A
species in a first subspecies flat pattern made by combining two
circular plastic (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate) sheets coated
with a metallic reflecting material and four annular sheets. The
reflective membranes are confined within the support ring.
[0144] FIG. 45C is a schematic cross sectional view of the FIG. 45A
species in a second subspecies flat pattern combining two outer
circular reflective membranes with two internal annular
non-reflective sheets resulting in reflective membranes
encompassing the entire device.
[0145] FIG. 46A is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional
view of a second species of the first embodiment device, wherein a
four-sheet annular support structure and a pair of reflective
membranes are formed from a flat pattern shown equipped with two
valves.
[0146] FIG. 46B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 46A
second species in a first subspecies, six-sheet flat pattern,
wherein the two circular and planar inner reflective layers are
bonded to an outer non-reflective ring layer which is doubled
inside on the inner edge.
[0147] FIG. 46C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 46A
second species in a second subspecies, four-sheet flat pattern,
wherein the two circular reflector membrane layers are bonded to
the two ring layers to form a planar surface, with bonding of the
outside ring layers and bonding of the doubled inside ring support
layers.
[0148] FIG. 46D is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 46A
second species in a third subspecies four-sheet flat pattern,
wherein the two circular reflective membrane layers are bonded
together at their peripheral edges, and bonded inside a pair of
annular membranes to form a ring support having an inside surface
of the reflector layer.
[0149] FIG. 47A is a schematic side elevational cross-sectional
view of a third species of the first embodiment device, wherein six
sheets are utilized to form the ring support and the two reflective
membranes shown in an inflated condition.
[0150] FIG. 47B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 47A
third species in a first subspecies flat pattern having inner,
middle, and outer annular membrane sections.
[0151] FIG. 47C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 47A
third species in a second subspecies flat pattern having the two
membranes form part of the support ring.
[0152] FIG. 47D is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 47A
third species in a third subspecies flat pattern wherein the
support ring middle layers are an extension of the reflective
membrane.
[0153] FIG. 47E is a schematic cross-sectional view of the FIG. 47C
third species in a fourth subspecies flat pattern modifying the
outside end of the support structure to add two more sheets in the
support ring structure to form an eight-sheet overall structure (as
exemplary of adding the end structure to each of the FIGS. 47B-D
fourth species).
[0154] FIG. 48A is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
a preferred fourth species, in a first subspecies, of the first
embodiment device in the fully preformed or inflated state of two
membrane sheets and two sheets for a support ring.
[0155] FIG. 48B is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the FIG. 48A fourth species in a second subspecies having four
sheets with partially pre-formed reflector membranes and an annular
support.
[0156] FIG. 48C is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the FIG. 48A fourth species in a third subspecies having four
sheets with two pre-formed reflective membranes and two biased
preformed annular membranes.
[0157] FIG. 48D is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the FIG. 48A fourth species in a fourth subspecies having four
sheets with two pre-formed reflective membranes and a ring
support.
[0158] FIG. 49A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, first subspecies.
[0159] FIG. 49B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, second subspecies.
[0160] FIG. 49C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, third subspecies.
[0161] FIG. 49D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, fourth subspecies.
[0162] FIG. 49E is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, fifth subspecies.
[0163] FIG. 49F is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, sixth subspecies.
[0164] FIG. 49G is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, seventh subspecies.
[0165] FIG. 49H is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, eighth subspecies.
[0166] FIG. 49I is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, ninth subspecies.
[0167] FIG. 49J is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, tenth subspecies.
[0168] FIG. 49K is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, eleventh subspecies.
[0169] FIG. 49L is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth
species, twelfth subspecies.
[0170] FIG. 50A is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
a second embodiment, with radiant energy shown to be
concentrating.
[0171] FIG. 50B is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the second embodiment, with radiant energy shown to be
projecting.
[0172] FIG. 51 is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of
the first species of the second embodiment.
[0173] FIG. 52 is a schematic elevational side cross-sectional view
of a second species of the second embodiment.
[0174] FIG. 53 is a schematic elevational side cross-sectional view
of a third species of the second embodiment.
[0175] FIG. 54 is a schematic elevational side cross-sectional view
of a fourth species of the second main embodiment.
[0176] FIG. 55 is a schematic elevational side cross-sectional view
of a fifth species of the second main embodiment.
[0177] FIG. 56 is a schematic elevational side cross-sectional view
of a sixth species of the second main embodiment.
[0178] FIG. 57A is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the
FIG. 52 embodiment as a first subspecies of the second species of
the second embodiment.
[0179] FIG. 57B is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a
second subspecies of the second species of the second
embodiment.
[0180] FIG. 57C is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a third
subspecies of the second embodiment.
[0181] FIG. 57D is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a
fourth subspecies of the second embodiment.
[0182] FIG. 57E is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a fifth
subspecies of the second embodiment.
[0183] FIG. 57F is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a sixth
subspecies of the second embodiment.
[0184] FIG. 57G is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a
seventh subspecies of the second embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0185] The basic device, in its preferred embodiments, is a radiant
electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing, and beaming type
apparatus which manipulates radiant energy through the
implementation of at least two pressure deformable membranes, at
least one of which must be reflective, supported by an inflated
toroid or ring. The device is effective over a wide range of the
electromagnetic spectrum from radio frequency (RF) through the
ultraviolet (UV). It should be noted that this highly
multifunctional device is also amenable to numerous
non-electromagnetic applications.
[0186] A first preferred main embodiment of the basic device
illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 49L has at least one reflective
membrane which is part of an inflatable pressure envelope
(reflector chamber) inflated to a sub-ambient pressure to form a
concave-concave reflector configuration supported by an inflatable
toroid or ring, and has an effective efficiency exceeding 90% and
the ability to concentrate sunlight by factors in excess of 10,000.
The second main embodiment of the basic device illustrated in FIGS.
50A through FIG. 57G has at least one reflective membrane and at
least one transparent membrane comprising a pressure envelope
(reflector chamber) which are inflated to a super ambient pressure
to form a convex-convex lens configuration supported by an
inflatable ring. This embodiment has an effective efficiency of
75-85%. The fabrication of the membranes and ring supports by
joining different numbers of pieces is illustrated for both main
embodiments. It should be noted that both main embodiments of the
device can be fabricated from commercially available materials
using well-established manufacturing processes. Further, most of
the various applications shown for the first main embodiment also
apply to the second main embodiment.
[0187] In FIGS. 1 and 2 the first main embodiment 10 having only
reflective membranes is illustrated as a toroid or ring support
element 12 having a circular cross-section and supporting an upper
frontal elastic reflecting membrane 14 and a lower rear redundant
elastic reflecting membrane 16. The figures show that the support
element 12 is circular. However, it is noted that the invention can
be practiced using other types of supports including those having
cross-sectional shapes of a hexagon, square, rectangle, ellipse,
and others. The membrane 14 has a centered inflation valve 18 (as
an example of an inflation means for inflating the reflector
chamber). The inflatable toroidal support structure 12 also has a
gas valve 18 (as an example of an inflation means for inflating the
support ring) for inflation to form a rigid ring (two valves are
shown for separate inflation of the ring support and the center
reflector chamber).
[0188] The reflective membranes 14 and 16 are pre-formed (during
fabrication) into the shape of a paraboloid to provide a short
focal length for safety purposes, and to reduce the differential
pressure required to fully deform and smooth the reflective
membranes 14 and 16. However, as shown below, the invention can be
practiced using planar (non-pre-formed) membranes to yield a device
capable of providing a variable focal length as a function of the
differential pressure imposed across the reflective membranes 14
and 16.
[0189] The reflective membranes 14 and 16 in conjunction with the
inner portion of the toroidal support structure provide a reflector
chamber 20 with a double parabolic concave-concave reflector
configuration. Seams 22 are shown for forming the toroid 12 as one
example of forming the toroid. The membranes 14, 16 are adhesively
or heat bonded to the toroid 12. Alternatively, as shown below, a
reflective membrane and the toroid elements can be one-piece on
each side. The membranes 14, 16 are made, for example, from
Mylar.RTM., a polyethylene terephthalate plastic composition.
Reflective surfaces 24 are provided by coating the outer side of
the membranes 14, 16 with vapor deposited aluminum and the like
reflective material. The plastic reflective membranes can have
reflective particles homogeneously incorporated or can contain an
integral conductive wire or mesh.
[0190] The toroid 12 is made from thin sheets of a
high-strain-capable material (i.e. a material having high strength
and low elastic modulus) such as vinyl, which is necessary for
allowing the inner potion of a toroid fabricated from flat annular
sheets to strain (stretch) sufficiently so as not to impede full
inflation of the toroid ring structure.
[0191] As seen depicted in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the adjustment of the
focal point 26 of the solar radiation 28 is illustrated by
increasing the inflation pressure within the reflector chamber 20
to increase the focal distance 30.
[0192] FIG. 4 shows the first embodiment having a
pressure-deformable device having two reflective outer membranes
and a non-reflective center membrane 15 serving to form a redundant
reflector chamber.
[0193] FIG. 5 shows the appendages which can be added to the toroid
12 to implement a stable position and to attach other elements. A
pair of handles 32 are positioned diametrically on the sides of the
toroid 12. An apertured tab 34 is provided on a side equidistantly
between the handles 32 for hanging up when in storage or the like.
A pair of hanging straps 36 are attached on either side of the
apertured tab 34. A storage pouch 38 is provided for storing the
deflated and folded apparatus 10. A pair of bottom pouches 40 is
provided for filling with dense material to stabilize an upright
apparatus 10.
[0194] FIG. 6 illustrates a flexible plug valve 42 having an
integrated plug 44 on the toroid 12 as exemplary of the valve for
also the reflecting membrane 14. It is noted that these valves can
be low profile valves and can be threaded to increase the integrity
of the seal. FIG. 7A depicts a tongue-and-groove ziploc.RTM.-type
valve 46 with the conventional tongue-and-groove ziploc.RTM.
portion 48 on the toroid 12. FIG. 7B shows a valve 50 clamped to
close by either a clamp or tie 52.
[0195] FIG. 8 depicts various attachment devices on the first main
apparatus embodiment 10 such as a clevis, shackle, clip or bracket
54 for tying a support 56, and hook-and-loop fastening patches 58
and a mounting stud 60 for attaching other elements. A centered
socket 62 is shown to insert an antenna 64 in the upper frontal
reflecting membrane 14.
[0196] FIG. 9 shows a different usage for the first embodiment
apparatus 10 modified to form apparatus 66 by adding four (or any
other number) ports to carry water or to add weights. The internal
ports 68 in the toroid 12 abutting the reflector chamber 20 allow
water to flow from the toroid 12 into the reflector chamber 20.
Larger loading covers 70 on the toroid 12 and on the upper membrane
14 are shaped either as squares, rectangles or circles, hinged at
72, and fastened shut by peripheral hook-and-loop fasteners 58 (or
any other type of fasteners).
[0197] FIG. 10 depicts a rain collecting apparatus 74 having a
centered outlet duct 76, i.e. a modified valve and/or membrane
shaped like a funnel to facilitate draining, in the upper membrane
14 passing rain effluent 78 to the reflector chamber 20.
[0198] FIG. 11 shows a modified rain collecting apparatus 80,
wherein the centered funnel 82 passes through the lower membrane 16
to a conduit 84 and a collection container 86. This configuration
allows the device to be rapidly converted between various modes of
operation, i.e. between rain collecting and cooking. It should be
noted that this configuration can be implemented by the user by
connecting an opposing pair of funnels/valves contained in the
opposing reflective membranes 14 and 16. In the event it is
necessary to increase the volume of the apparatus for rain
collecting (or any other purpose described in the instant
application), additional rings 12 may be used to increase the
height of the walls.
[0199] FIG. 12 illustrates the collection of rain water R or other
liquids in the apparatus 88 which has an additional inflated
collection ring 90 having a generally, but not necessarily, smaller
diameter which is inflated and attached on top of the toroid 12.
The ring 90 thus increases the water collection volume. It reduces
the losses due to impact splatter and reduces spillage, especially
if positioned on an inclined surface (hill) or moving surface (deck
of a rocking boat).
[0200] The major diameter of the collection ring 90 can be enlarged
to increase the effective capture area. In the event it is
necessary to increase the external volume of the apparatus for
liquid collecting (or any other purpose described in the instant
application, such as supporting an item at the focal point on a rod
diametrically spanning the ring 90), additional collection rings 90
may be attached to the device to increase the height of the walls.
In the event it is necessary to increase the internal volume of the
apparatus for liquid storage, additional toroid support structure
rings 12 may be incorporated into the device between the reflective
membranes 14, 16.
[0201] FIG. 13 shows the apparatus 92 collecting water 94 in a
peripheral gutter 96 and draining the water into a collection
container 86 via a conduit 84. It should be noted that the
peripheral gutter 96 can be located at the outer edge of the toroid
12, and that it can be fabricated from extensions of the membranes
comprising the toroid 12.
[0202] FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate the addition of several
circular elastic bands 98 such as rubber to the membranes 14, 16 as
a safety factor to prevent the apparatus 100 from creating
potentially dangerous concentrations of energy by distorting the
surface. FIG. 14B shows the elastic band 98 being secured within
the reflector chamber by spaced plastic strips 102, which are
thermally or otherwise bonded to the inner surface of the
reflective membrane.
[0203] FIG. 15 depicts an apparatus 104 having a circular plastic
cover 106 capable of being rolled up to the attachment point 108 on
the toroid 12. Cover 106 may optionally have hook and loop patches
to allow it to be held in either rolled or deployed condition. The
purpose of the cover is to protect the mirror and prevent
unintentional dangerous concentration of energy when not in
use.
[0204] FIG. 16 illustrates an apparatus 110 modified to insert a
centered transparent patch 112 in both membranes 14, 16 having a
pair of cross-hair configured members 114 as well as another pair
of members 114 in the toroid 12 to aid in alignment of the
apparatus 110 with an electromagnetic source.
[0205] FIG. 17 shows a satellite dish reception apparatus 116
comprising an inflated base ring 118 which supports a hemispherical
mounting and stabilization component element 120 made from gores
122 within which the first main apparatus embodiment 10 is couched.
This apparatus 116 may require an accessory receiver (not shown)
when used to receive satellite transmissions. It is noted that the
reflector may also be made of multiple gores.
[0206] It is also noted that other methods of support include
resting the hemispherical mounting in a ground depression, such as
that which may be dug in sand, or a plurality of tapered support
rings used to incline the device for proper orientation to a source
and/or target. The support rings may also serve a leveling function
when the device is resting on an inclined surface or hill.
[0207] FIG. 18 depicts an inflatable, height adjustable, dipody
support structure 124 for supporting the first main apparatus 10 by
two support tubes 126 having inflatable compartments 128 with
individual gas inflation valves 18. Thus, these support tubes 126
are adjustable in height for placing on uneven terrain by
controlling the amount of air inserted in each compartment of each
support tube. The support tubes 126 are tied on top to the top of
the inclined apparatus 10 by the hanging straps 36, as shown in
FIG. 5, or any other well-known fastening means. The opposite ends
of the support tubes 126 have pouches 130 for storing the tubes
and/or weighing down the tubes and stabilizing the apparatus 124. A
cord 132 is attached to the bottoms of each tube 126 and the
apparatus 10 for maintaining position of the apparatus.
[0208] FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate, respectively, the deflated
flat pattern 134 of an inflated apparatus 136 having oversized
reflective membranes 14, 16 which overlap the toroid 12. The
necessary valves will be installed for inflation. This inflated
apparatus 136, as many of the other devices of the instant
invention, can be used as a water boat or for sliding down a snow
covered slope (not shown).
[0209] FIG. 20 shows a first embodiment device 10 utilized to hear
a distant sound such a chirping bird 138 by placing one's ear (not
shown) at the focal point or having a microphone 140 on a shaft 142
seated in a pocket 144 centered in the frontal reflective membrane
14.
[0210] FIG. 21 depicts a first embodiment device 10 utilized as an
electromagnetic energy shield 146 to protect a person 148 (shown in
shadow) forced to be in proximity to the dangerous electromagnetic
rays 150 escaping from a cathode ray tube containing device such as
a computer 152 or a leaking microwave oven 154. This protection is
provided regardless of whether the device is inflated.
[0211] FIG. 22 illustrates the first embodiment device 10 employed
as an emergency thermal bed or blanket 156 by a person 148 for
heating oneself by reflected body heat, thus, conserving body
energy. The blanket 156 can be wrapped around the person 148.
Again, the achievement of this function does not require that the
device be inflated. It is further noted that the device can be used
as a gurney or a cast to support injured persons.
[0212] FIG. 23 shows the first embodiment device 10 using solar
radiation 28 or lunar radiation to provide illumination for an
optical image projector 158 to project images onto a projector
screen 160 inside a building 162 by transmitting the solar
radiation 28 through a fiber optic cable 164 receiving solar
radiation 28 from a waveguide intake device 166 supported by a
truss support 168 attached to the device 10.
[0213] FIG. 24 depicts a transparent sphere 170 in outer space 172
including the first embodiment apparatus 10 installed in a
super-ambient atmosphere 174 supported by braces 176 to receive
radio frequency and microwave radiation 178 from an antenna 180
fixed at the focal point by four cables or rods 182.
[0214] FIG. 25 illustrates a low-power photoelectric device such as
a handheld calculator 184 being energized/recharged by reflected
radiation from the first embodiment apparatus 10, and received
initially from a sodium vapor street lamp 186. The photovoltaic
cell of the calculator 184 is placed at the focal point of the
apparatus 10.
[0215] FIG. 26 shows the first embodiment apparatus 10 housed on a
ship 188 at sea 190 reflecting and concentrating solar radiation 28
into a waveguide intake device 166 and a fiber optic cable 164 to
illuminate a lamp 192 underwater for a diver (not shown) to
use.
[0216] FIG. 27 depicts the use of the first embodiment apparatus 10
to illuminate rooms 194 in a multi-story building 196 by receiving
solar radiation 28 and transmitting the radiation to the waveguide
intake device 166, the fiber optic cable 164, and the individual
lamps 192. It should be noted that this system can also be applied
to underground shelters.
[0217] FIG. 28 illustrates the use of the first embodiment
apparatus 10 to focus the illumination from a lit candle 198 to
read a book 200 located approximately 45 feet away in the dark.
[0218] FIG. 29 shows the first embodiment apparatus 10 enabling a
book 200 to be read by lunar radiation 202 from the crescent moon
204. A compass or a map can also be read by this method.
[0219] FIG. 30 depicts the transmission of light signals from a
flashlight 206 manipulated by a first person 208 to project a
collimated light image 210 on a distant tree 212 or the like opaque
object observed by a second person 214 with knowledge of Morse
code. For example, other light sources such as a candle, a match,
and a cigarette lighter can be substituted by covering the light
source to transmit signals.
[0220] FIG. 31 illustrates the modification of the first embodiment
apparatus 10 to form a parabolic radio frequency or a microwave
receiver device 216 by adding a centered antenna 218 secured in a
centered pocket 144 in the membrane 14 along the apparatuses focal
line to receive signals from a transmitter station 220 normally out
of range. The device can also be used to extend the range of
transmission and to enhance radio communications.
[0221] FIG. 32 shows the first embodiment device 10 heating a
building 196 by solar radiation 28 to focus on a blackened tank 222
elevated on a tower 224 and contains either water or air passing
through a conduit 226 which passes into the building and returns to
the tower for reheating.
[0222] FIG. 33 depicts the use of the first embodiment device 10 as
either alone or in concert with a second device 10 to warm a bather
228 from heat radiated from a camp fire 230 during cold weather. It
is noted that a conductive mesh for filtering and/or reflecting
electromagnetic radiation may be used for the reflective
membrane.
[0223] FIG. 34 illustrates the use of the first embodiment device
10 to ignite combustible materials 232 such as paper, wood and the
like by solar radiation 28.
[0224] FIG. 35 shows the energization of a photovoltaic cell device
234 by focusing solar radiation 28 by the first embodiment device
10 when the device 234 is placed at the focal point of the first
embodiment device 10.
[0225] FIG. 36 depicts the energization of a thermoelectric cell
device 236 by focusing solar radiation 28 by the first embodiment
device 10. A wire conductor 238 conducts the electricity to any
device requiring power.
[0226] FIG. 37 illustrates the use of the first embodiment device
10 to heat by solar radiation 28 an influent liquid 240 such as
water from pipe 242 in a blackened tank 244 having a heating liquid
medium 246 to create effluent steam 248 in the coil 250 for passage
through an effluent pipe 252 to a proximate turbine (not shown) to
create electrical power.
[0227] FIG. 38 shows a first embodiment device 10 being used to
provide heat by concentrating radiating solar radiation 28 onto a
blackened thermal reaction vessel 254 producing an industrial
product 256, and supported at a distance on a truss support 168.
Piping to transport the reacted product has been omitted. It is
noted that the reaction can be operated in a batch or a continuous
mode.
[0228] FIG. 39A depicts a first embodiment device 10 being used to
distill liquids 258 by utilizing solar radiation 28. The liquid
containing flask 260 is attached to a coiled distillation column
262 which is open on top and deposits the condensed liquid via
conduit 84 to a collection container 86 as in FIG. 11.
[0229] The device can also be used as a solar autoclave apparatus
or a fermentor apparatus. In the former use, the device can be used
to sterilize medical, dental, or other equipment. As a fermentor,
shown in FIG. 39B, the device has a cover 85 and can have a
pressure release valve 87 or an anaerobic air lock.
[0230] FIG. 40 illustrates a first embodiment device 10
incorporated in a cooking apparatus 264 having four attached
arcuate rods 266 configured to support a rotisserie device 268. The
rods 266 have a series of hooks or serrations 270 for supporting
other cooking utensils such as a water kettle 272. The first
embodiment device 10 is energized by solar radiation. It is noted
that the apparatus can be used as an inflatable rotisserie.
[0231] FIG. 41 shows a first embodiment device 10 utilized to form
a deployable and foldable safety cage 274 for protecting oneself
from accidental exposure to dangerous concentrations of solar
radiation. Safety cage 274 comprises a plurality, e.g., nine, of
rigid metal or plastic semicircular support legs 276 attached at
their ends to a pair of diametrical pin joints 278 on the device
10, and held stable by a plurality of flexible metal or plastic
cables 280 attached to space each support leg 276.
[0232] FIG. 42 depicts a tripod support 282 consisting of rods
attached to the three pin joints 278 of the first embodiment device
10, and supporting an electromagnetic radiation receiving device
284 fixed at the focal point. Device 284 is connected by a
conducting wire 238 to a receiver indicator device 286.
[0233] FIG. 43 shows a first embodiment device 10 with a first
valve 18 for the toroid 12, but modified with an extended second
valve 288 (as another example of an inflation means for inflating
the reflector chamber) passing through the toroid to enter the
reflector chamber 20.
[0234] FIG. 44 shows an alternate toroid 290 made from a plurality
of gores 122 (FIG. 17) with the reflector membranes omitted.
[0235] FIG. 45A-C depict a first species 292 of the first
embodiment device 10 fabricated in a flat pattern from four or six
sheets of different plastic layers where the circles represents the
seams or bonds 22. In the first subspecies 293 of the first species
of FIG. 45B consisting of six layers, the toroid 12 is formed from
two annular external sheets of high-strength, high-modulus material
294 such as Mylar.RTM.. The inner annular portions 296 of the
toroid 12 are positioned when flat inside the reflector chamber 20,
and formed from low-elastic-modulus, high-strength materials such
as vinyl. Low elastic modulus, high strength materials have the
ability to strain (stretch) sufficiently so as not to impede the
full inflation of the torus. The circular reflecting membranes 14,
16 forming the reflector chamber 20 are made of Mylar.RTM. coated
with aluminum, gold and the like. In the second subspecies 295 of
FIG. 45C with only four layers, the reflecting membranes 14, 16 are
circles and form part of the toroid 12.
[0236] A second species 298 comprises an inflated structure similar
to the first species in an arrangement of four or six sheets formed
from a flat pattern, as illustrated in FIG. 46A. The inner annular
sheets 294 are now inside the flattened toroid region 12. In the
first sub-species 300 shown FIG. 46B, six sheets are utilized. In
the second and third sub-species 302 and 304 of FIGS. 46C and 46D,
respectively, only four sheets are utilized. In the second
sub-species 302, the reflector membranes 14, 16 also form the
external part of the toroid 12. In the third sub-species 304, the
reflector membranes 14, 16, now form the internal part of the
toroid 12. These flat layout patterns allow versatility in the
amount of reflector surface areas of the device 10 that would be
best for a certain situation.
[0237] In the third species 306 shown in FIG. 47A, FIGS. 47B-E are
based on a six-, eight-, or ten-sheet flat layout pattern. In the
first sub-species 308 of FIG. 47B, the toroid 12 is composed of six
sheets comprising two outer annular sheets 310, two middle annular
sheets 312, and two inner annular sheets 314. The reflecting
membranes 14, 16 complete an eight-sheet structure 308. In the
second sub-species of FIG. 47C, the reflecting membranes 14, 16
constitute the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, to form a
six-sheet flat layout structure 316. FIG. 47D depicts a six-sheet
flat layout structure 318 as a third sub-species, wherein the
reflective membrane and middle annular sheets are combined. FIG.
47E is a fourth sub-species 320 based on adding two more annular
end layers 322 for the toroid portion 12 of any of the
aforementioned sub-species, but illustrated as modifying the
eight-sheet layout pattern of FIG. 47C to form a ten-sheet layout
pattern.
[0238] FIGS. 48A-D depict a fourth species in a fully or partially
pre-formed state utilizing only four sheets for all the
sub-species. FIG. 48A represents the first subspecies 324 of the
fourth species, wherein the reflecting membranes 14, 16 are
attached to the fully-preformed two-piece toroid element 12. The
second sub-species 326 illustrated in FIG. 48B has preformed
membranes 14 and 16 to result in a limited reflector chamber 20.
Also, the toroid 12 has a partially preformed oval configuration
328 in cross-section. The third sub-species 330 of FIG. 48C has a
biased preformed toroid element 12 structure having a conical
external tip 332 in cross-section. The fourth sub-species 334 of
FIG. 48D has a preformed inner portion of toroid element 12 with a
non-preformed or flattened external end 336 in cross-section.
[0239] FIG. 49A is a fifth species, first subspecies 338
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first preferred embodiment device 10 with eight sheets to form a
support ring or toroid 12 having a hexagonal cross-section 340 with
two sheets 14, 16 for the reflecting membranes defining the
reflecting chamber 20. These additional subspecies provide a more
rigid structure by minimizing membrane buckling, but without the
preforming.
[0240] FIG. 49B is a second subspecies 342 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with five sheets, three of which form a
support ring 12 having a triangular cross-section 344.
[0241] FIG. 49C is a third subspecies 346 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with six sheets, four of which form a
support ring 12 with a square or rectangular cross-section 348.
[0242] FIG. 49D is a fourth subspecies 350 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with six sheets to form in cross-section
a support ring 12 with a four-sided polygon 352 having equal length
inclined top and bottom sides, and an external side vertical and
parallel to a longer internal side.
[0243] FIG. 49E is an fifth subspecies 354 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with seven sheets, five of which form a
support ring 12 in cross-section having a pentagon 356 with two
equal length inclined outside sheets attached to two horizontal and
parallel sides which are attached to a vertical inner sheet.
[0244] FIG. 49F is a sixth subspecies 358 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with nine sheets, seven of which form a
support ring 12 with a cross-section of a septagon 360 having a
triangular-shaped outside configuration, two inclined top and two
inclined bottom sides, and a vertical inner side.
[0245] FIG. 49G is a seventh subspecies 362 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 with six sheets, four of which form a
support ring 12 with a four-sided polygon 364 in cross-section
having an external triangular configuration and an internal
triangular configuration, wherein the outside triangle is more
acute.
[0246] FIG. 49H is an eighth subspecies 366 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 having seven sheets, five of which form
in cross-section a support ring 12 having a pentagon 368 with the
inside portion being triangular and the outside sheet being
perpendicular to the horizontal and parallel top and bottom
sheets.
[0247] FIG. 49I is a ninth subspecies 370 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 having seven sheets to form a support
ring 12 being a pentagon 372 in cross-section with the outer two
sheets inclined downward to connect to a vertical outside sheet,
and the inside portion being conical.
[0248] FIG. 49J is a tenth subspecies 374 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 having eight sheets to form a support
ring 12 having a hexagonal cross-section 376 with, optionally,
equal sides.
[0249] FIG. 49K is an eleventh subspecies 378 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 to form a support ring 12 having eight
sheets to form in cross-section an octagonal support ring 380 with
the diametrically opposed outside and inside sheets forming a
point.
[0250] FIG. 49L is a twelfth subspecies 382 of the fifth species
illustrating the three-dimensional alternate construction of the
first embodiment device 10 to form a support ring 12 having eight
sheets to form an octagon 384 in cross-section with the
diametrically opposed outside and inside sheets being vertical and
parallel.
[0251] FIG. 50A is a second main embodiment 386 in an
electromagnetic radiant ray concentrating mode having a transparent
membrane 388 facing the sun and a rear reflective metallized
membrane 390 on its inner surface and attached by its peripheral
edges to the support ring 12 to form a convex reflector structure
392. The radiant solar rays 28 are illustrated as being reflected
to focus on an energy absorbing object 394 placed at the focal
point of the device 386.
[0252] FIG. 50B is a second main embodiment 386 in a radiant ray
projecting mode with the same reflector structure 392, but
projecting the electromagnetic rays from a light source 396 such as
a light bulb, flashlight or lamp placed at the focal point to a
distant object. It should be noted that the selection of the
concentrating or projection mode depends on the position of the
light source.
[0253] FIG. 51 is the first species 398 of the second embodiment
386 made by pre-forming the support ring 400 by two pieces of
annular transparent or reflective (elliptical cross-sectioned)
membranes which are sealed at the sides by seams 22, attaching the
ring 400 to the peripheral edges of a convex super-ambient element
392 formed with an upper or radiant ray source facing transparent
membrane 388 and a rear reflective membrane 390. A first valve 18
is located in the center of the transparent membrane and a second
valve 18 is required in the support ring 400 for inflation.
[0254] FIG. 52 is a schematic elevational side view of a second
species 402 of the second main embodiment 386 made from only two
sheets with the top transparent membrane 388 attached to the
reflective membrane 390 by pinching in and sealing the periphery of
the circular center portion, and then sealing the outside seam of
the support ring 400.
[0255] FIG. 53 is a schematic elevational side view of a third
species 404 of the second main embodiment 386 made by four sheets
as in the first species 398, but with an offset attachment 406 of
the super ambient reflector chamber relative to the support ring to
enlarge the reflector chamber facing the radiant source.
[0256] FIG. 54 is a schematic elevational side view of a fourth
species 408 of the second main embodiment 386 having two
independent super-ambient reflector chambers 410 with the
reflective membranes 390 of each chamber located in the interior.
The bottom reflector chamber 410 is considered a redundant chamber
which would be useful in the event of impairment of the upper
chamber.
[0257] FIG. 55 is a schematic elevational side view of a fifth
species 412 of the second main embodiment 386 having two outside
transparent membranes 388, 388 forming two valved reflector
chambers 410, 410 with the inner disposed reflective membrane 390
(dashed). This structure is valuable because in the event that one
of the transparent membranes 388 is rendered inoperable, the device
412 would still be operable.
[0258] FIG. 56 is a schematic elevational side view of a sixth
species 414 of the second main embodiment 386 having three
reflector chambers 416, 418 and 420, each with individual valves
18, supported by the toroid 400. The upper three membranes 388 are
transparent and the lower membranes are reflective on one or both
sides of each reflective membrane 390.
[0259] FIG. 57A is a first subspecies 422 of the first species of
the FIG. 51 second main embodiment 386, and illustrates the use of
four sheets to fabricate by dies or three-dimensional tooling a
reflector chamber 392 attached inside a round toroid 400. It is
noted that the fewer the pieces required translates into a lower
cost to produce. FIGS. 57B-G represent subspecies having support
rings that do not require pre-forming thermally in a die set.
[0260] FIG. 57B is a second subspecies 424 of the second main
embodiment 386 utilizing six sheets to fabricate the second main
embodiment device with the ring 425 having four sides.
[0261] FIG. 57C is a third subspecies 426 of the second embodiment
386 utilizing seven sheets to fabricate the second main embodiment
device with the ring 427 having five sides with two parallel
sides.
[0262] FIG. 57D is a fourth subspecies 428 of the second embodiment
386 utilizing seven sheets to fabricate the second main embodiment
device with the ring 429 having five sides.
[0263] FIG. 57E is a fifth subspecies 430 of the second embodiment
386 utilizing six sheets to form a ring 431 having a cross-section
of a hexagon.
[0264] FIG. 57F is a sixth subspecies 432 of the second embodiment
386 utilizing eight sheets to form a ring 433 having a
cross-section of an octagon.
[0265] FIG. 57G is a seventh subspecies 434 of the second
embodiment 386 utilizing six sheets to form a ring 435 in a flat
pattern without the need for dies to fabricate the second main
embodiment device. It should be noted the pattern is traced on the
raw materials and bonded in the flat condition.
[0266] Thus, the extensive applicability of the fundamental
multi-purpose, multi-function apparatus as optimized for use as a
radiant electromagnetic energy concentrating, focusing, and beaming
apparatus has been disclosed.
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