U.S. patent application number 10/981660 was filed with the patent office on 2005-05-12 for solid xylylenediamine in container, production method thereof, and method for storing xylylenediamine.
Invention is credited to Amakawa, Kazuhiko, Tanaka, Kazumi.
Application Number | 20050100694 10/981660 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34431316 |
Filed Date | 2005-05-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050100694 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tanaka, Kazumi ; et
al. |
May 12, 2005 |
Solid xylylenediamine in container, production method thereof, and
method for storing xylylenediamine
Abstract
A solid xylylenediamine solidified in a container is extremely
excellent in storage stability as compared with a liquid
xylylenediamine, and is less degraded by discoloration even when
stored in an atmosphere containing oxygen. By charging a liquid
xylylenediamine into a container, solidifying the liquid
xylylenediamine into a solid xylylenediamine in the container under
cooling without delay after the charging, and storing the solid
xylylenediamine in the container while maintaining the
xylylenediamine in a solid state, the xylylenediamine is stored for
a long period of time without causing deterioration of quality such
as discoloration.
Inventors: |
Tanaka, Kazumi; (Niigata,
JP) ; Amakawa, Kazuhiko; (Niigata, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ANTONELLI, TERRY, STOUT & KRAUS, LLP
1300 NORTH SEVENTEENTH STREET
SUITE 1800
ARLINGTON
VA
22209-9889
US
|
Family ID: |
34431316 |
Appl. No.: |
10/981660 |
Filed: |
November 5, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/34.1 ;
428/35.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 428/1352 20150115;
C07C 209/90 20130101; Y10T 428/13 20150115; C07C 209/90 20130101;
C07C 211/27 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/034.1 ;
428/035.7 |
International
Class: |
B65D 001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 6, 2003 |
JP |
2003-377159 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A solid xylylenediamine in a container which is produced by
solidifying a liquid xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of
20 or less in the container, the solid xylylenediamine having an
APHA color number of 20 or less when measured after stored in a
solid state and then melted into a liquid state.
2. The solid xylylenediamine in a container according to claim 1,
wherein an oxygen concentration in a headspace in the container is
0.01 to 21% by volume.
3. The solid xylylenediamine in a container according to claim 1,
wherein the xylylenediamine is m-xylylenediamine.
4. The solid xylylenediamine in a container according to claim 1,
wherein the xylylenediamine is a mixture of m-xylylenediamine and
p-xylylenediamine having a solidification point of 30.degree. C. or
lower.
5. A method for producing a solid xylylenediamine in a container,
which comprises a step of charging a liquid xylylenediamine having
an APHA color number of 20 or less into the container, and a step
of solidifying the liquid xylylenediamine in the container by
cooling.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the liquid
xylylenediamine is solidified in the container after replacing a
headspace in the container with an inert gas.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the liquid
xylylenediamine is solidified within 10 days after charged into the
container.
8. A method for storing xylylenediamine, which comprises: charging
a liquid xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of 20 or less
into a container; solidifying the liquid xylylenediamine into a
solid xylylenediamine in the container by cooling; and storing the
solid xylylenediamine in the container while keeping the
xylylenediamine in a solid state.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein an oxygen concentration
in a headspace in the container is 0.01 to 21% by volume.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a solid xylylenediamine in
a container, a production method thereof, and a method for storing
xylylenediamine. The solid xylylenediamine in a container of the
invention is quite stable on storing, and therefore, industrially
useful. The xylylenediamine is a useful compound as a raw material
for polyamide resins, curing agents, etc. and as an intermediate
material for isocyanate compounds, etc.
[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0004] Amines are liable to undergo the change of their quality by
light, heat, oxygen, etc. and are well known to suffer from
deterioration such as discoloration, change into odorous substance,
etc. during their storage. Unlike aromatic amines such as
diaminotoluene compounds and apliphatic amines such as
hexamethylenediamine and isophoronediamine, the xylylenediamine
structurally belongs to benzylamines. Therefore, the
xylylenediamine is extremely susceptible to autoxidation and
deammodation as compared with the aromatic amines and the aliphatic
amines. Conventionally, the xylylenediamine has been stored in a
sealed container having its inner air replaced by an inert gas such
as nitrogen gas while being kept apart from the influence of light,
heat, etc. In spite of such efforts, a satisfactory result is still
not obtained.
[0005] As to the technique for stably storing the xylylenediamine,
JP 46-21857 B discloses to add an unsaturated compound having a
terminal double bond such as 1-butene, 1-hexene and styrene.
However, the proposed method lowers the purity of final products
because of inclusion of the additive. Alternatively, some
disadvantages attributable to the added unsaturated compound may be
caused during the use of final products.
[0006] JP 10-81651 A teaches that the generation of ammonia odor
due to the degradation during storage can be prevented by storing a
liquid aliphatic polyamine in a sealed container under a
substantially oxygen-free condition. According to the examination
made by the inventors, however, the xylylenediamine after storage
was degraded and discolored even when the xylylenediamine was
stored in drum cans and 20-L cans, which are industrially generally
used as containers for storing the xylylenediamine, after replacing
the inner atmosphere thereof by nitrogen in advance of charging the
xylylenediamine into the containers under a flow of nitrogen. It
seems that the "substantially oxygen-free condition" taught by JP
10-81651 A was not actually attained because oxygen could not be
removed sufficiently by the nitrogen-replacement methods which have
been employed in industrial productions to achieve the
substantially oxygen-free condition. In fact, in the examination
made by the inventors on the storage of xylylenediamine in 20-L
cans, the oxygen content of the headspace in the 20-L cans was
about 500 to 2000 ppm, although the 20-L cans had been purged with
nitrogen in advance of changing the xylylenediamine under a flow of
nitrogen. In addition, the oxygen content of the headspace in the
20-L cans after storage was higher than just after completing the
charge of the xylylenediamine. This seems to be due to the
penetration of air into the cans during storage. Therefore, to
store the xylylenediamine under the substantially oxygen-free
condition, special cares must be taken during the charge and in
selecting the containers and packings so as to prevent the
penetration of oxygen into the containers. However, the techniques
usually employed in industrial process have been insufficient for
achieving the substantially oxygen-free condition.
[0007] Not related to the storage of aromatic ring-containing
aliphatic amine such as xylylenediamine, JP 2002-193897 A teaches
that the quality of aromatic amines can be maintained without
discoloration by storing under a sealed condition in the presence
of an oxygen absorbing agent and a desiccant. Generally, the oxygen
absorbing agent needs moisture to exhibit its function. Therefore,
there will be a deterioration of quality due to the moisture
entered into the amines. To prevent this problem, the desiccant is
combinedly used. However, the use of desiccant makes it difficult
to maintain the moisture content at a sufficient level for allowing
the oxygen absorbing agent to exhibit its function. High-purity
amines are extremely hygroscopic and have a moisture-absorbing
speed comparable to common desiccants such as silica gel, activated
carbon, molecular sieve and anhydrous calcium chloride. Therefore,
it is practically impossible to completely absorb the moisture by
the desiccant, namely, to completely prevent the moisture from
entering into the amines.
[0008] In addition, since the pressure of headspace in the
container is reduced by the absorption of oxygen, the proposed
method has another problem such as deformation of container. To
solve this problem, the use of a pressure container that is able to
withstand the negative pressure is needed. The packing for the
closure of container is also required to have gas-barrier
properties to maintain a hermetic seal. Therefore, the containers
usable in the proposed method are of a type not applicable to wide
purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] An object of the invention is to provide a xylylenediamine
which is excellent in storage stability and undergoes no
deterioration of quality such as discoloration even in a long-term
storage, a production method thereof and a method for storing
xylylenediamine.
[0010] As a result of extensive research, the inventors have found
that a solid xylylenediamine in a container which is produced by
charging a liquid xylylenediamine into the container and then
solidifying it in the container is quite excellent in storage
stability, and therefore, can be stably stored for a long term
without causing discoloration during the storage. The invention has
been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
[0011] Thus, the invention provides a solid xylylenediamine in a
container which is produced by solidifying a liquid xylylenediamine
having an APHA color number of 20 or less in the container, the
solid xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of 20 or less
when measured after stored in a solid state and then melted into a
liquid state. In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen content of the
headspace (a space left between the charged xylylenediamine and the
end of closure of the container) in the container is preferably
regulated within 0.01 to 21% by volume. In another preferred
embodiment, the xylylenediamine is preferably m-xylylenediamine or
a mixture of m-xylylenediamine and p-xylylenediamine having a
solidification point of 30.degree. C. or lower.
[0012] The invention further provides a method for producing a
solid xylylenediamine in a container, which comprises a step of
charging a liquid xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of 20
or less into the container, and a step of solidifying the liquid
xylylenediamine in the container by cooling. In a preferred
embodiment, the liquid xylylenediamine is solidified in the
container after replacing the headspace in the container with an
inert gas. In another embodiment, the liquid xylylenediamine is
solidified within 10 days after charged into the container.
[0013] The invention still further provides a method for storing
xylylenediamine, which comprises: charging a liquid xylylenediamine
having an APHA color number of 20 or less into a container;
solidifying the liquid xylylenediamine into a solid xylylenediamine
in the container by cooling; and storing the solid xylylenediamine
in the container while keeping the xylylenediamine in a solid
state. In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen content of the
headspace in the container is preferably regulated within 0.01 to
21% by volume.
[0014] Since the solid xylylenediamine in a container provided by
the invention is quite excellent in storage stability, the
deterioration due to discoloration hardly occurs even when stored
in an atmosphere containing oxygen, for example, in air. The
invention allows the use of inexpensive general-purpose containers
which have been commonly used in industrial process, and does not
require to exhaustively reduce the oxygen concentration of the
storing atmosphere. Therefore, the invention provides an simple and
economical storing method and has great industrial values.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The invention will be described in more detail. The
xylylenediamine referred to herein includes m-xylylenediamine,
p-xylylenediamine and a mixture thereof. The solidification point
of m-xylylenediamine is 14.degree. C., and 63.degree. C. for
p-xylylenediamine. The solidification point of the mixture of
m-xylylenediamine and p-xylylenediamine varies from 2 to 63.degree.
C. depending on the proportion thereof. Particularly preferred are
m-xylylenediamine and a mixture of m-xylylenediamine and
p-xylylenediamine having a solidification point of 30.degree. C. or
lower.
[0016] The solid xylylenediamine in a container is produced by
charging a liquid xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of 20
or less into the container and then solidifying the liquid
xylylenediamine in the container under cooling. If the APHA color
number exceeds 20, the resultant solid xylylenediamine is
significantly discolored to fail in achieving a sufficient quality.
To maintain the APHA color number at 20 or less, it is preferred to
control the storing history of the xylylenediamine after taken out
of the production system until solidified in the container so as to
satisfy the following conditions represented by the following
formula:
0<a.times.b.times.exp(0.07.times.T)<2000
[0017] wherein a is an average oxygen concentration (% by volume)
of the storing atmosphere, b is a period (days) taken after taking
out of the production system until solidifying in the container,
and T is an average temperature (.degree. C.).
[0018] The liquid xylylenediamine charged into the container is
desired to be solidified as soon as possible, preferably within 10
days, more preferably within 5 days, and particularly preferably
within 3 days after charged into the container. The solidification
temperature is not particularly limited. In view of solidifying as
rapidly as possible, the solidification temperature is preferably
5.degree. C. or more lower than the solidification point of the
xylylenediamine. The liquid xylylenediamine is solidified under
cooling, for example, by allowing the container to stand at a place
of temperatures lower than the solidification point such as
thermostatic room, refrigerator and outdoor in cold districts, by
immersing the container in water bath, oil bath, etc, or by
sprinkling powdery dry ice to the container.
[0019] The APHA color number of the solid xylylenediamine in a
container after stored in a solid state is 20 or less when measured
on a liquid xylylenediamine obtained by melting the stored solid
xylylenediamine. The period of storing the solid xylylenediamine is
preferably 5 to 1500 days, more preferably 30 to 800 days. If the
APHA color number is 20 or less after storing for the period
described above, the stored xylylenediamine is suitably used in
various applications. The APHA color number is measured immediately
after melting the solid xylylenediamine into the liquid
xylylenediamine under heating so as to prevent the liquid
xylylenediamine from being degraded by discoloration during the
course between the melting step and the measurement, preferably
melting the solid xylylenediamine after replacing the headspace of
the container with an inert gas such as nitrogen. The methods of
measuring the APHA color number are described in ASTM-D-1209 and
ASTM-D-5386. In the actual measurement, either of a visual
comparison with standard samples or a method using a commercially
available colorimeter may be employed.
[0020] In the invention, various types of containers such as cans,
bottles, containers and tanks each being made of metals, plastics
or glass are usable. Unlike the liquid xylylenediamine, the solid
xylylenediamine in a container exhibits an excellent storage
stability even under a storing atmosphere containing oxygen.
Therefore, a special container of highly airtight and a special
packing of high gas-barrier properties are not needed to be used in
the invention, and instead, cheap general-purpose containers, which
have been commonly used in industrial process, such as drum cans,
oil cans, tank lorries, bulk containers and stationary tanks are
usable.
[0021] Surprisingly, the solid xylylenediamine in a container is
extremely excellent in the storage stability as compared with the
liquid xylylenediamine, and therefore, undergoes very little
degradation due to discoloration even when stored under an
atmosphere containing oxygen. This feature of the solid
xylylenediamine is quite advantageous for handling the
xylylenediamine. Since being susceptible to degradation by oxygen
in air, the liquid xylylenediamine should be hermetically stored
after replacing the air inside a container with an inert gas such
as nitrogen. To achieve an oxygen-free condition, a long-term
replacing operation using a large amount of inert gas is needed,
and additionally, the container is required to be made into a
special structure and made of a special material which is highly
airtight enough to prevent the surrounding air from entering into
the container during storage. However, the industrial process
including these efforts cannot be simple and economical. On the
contrary, the headspace of container is not necessarily required to
be filled with inert gas such as nitrogen, instead, may be filled
with air in the invention, because the solid xylylenediamine in a
container is extremely resistant to degradation due to
discoloration even under an atmosphere containing oxygen.
[0022] If the period from charging the liquid xylylenediamine into
a container until solidifying it is long, or if the liquid
xylylenediamine after melting the stored solid xylylenediamine is
further stored in the container for a long time, namely, if the
xylylenediamine is retained in the container in a liquid state for
a long time, it is preferred in view of avoiding the degradation to
replace the headspace in advance with a gas, such as nitrogen,
argon and helium, which is free from oxygen and inert to the
xylylenediamine. The oxygen concentration of the headspace is
preferably 0.01 to 21% by volume, more preferably 0.01 to 1% by
volume, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by volume.
[0023] The invention further provides a novel method for storing
the xylylenediamine utilizing the high storage stability of the
solid xylylenediamine in a container. In the method, the
xylylenediamine is stably stored by charging a liquid
xylylenediamine having an APHA color number of 20 or less into a
container, solidifying the liquid xylylenediamine into a solid
xylylenediamine under cooling, and storing the solid
xylylenediamine while maintaining it in a solid state.
[0024] The method of the invention is extremely advantageous,
because the xylylenediamine is stably stored even when the
headspace contains oxygen, particularly even when the headspace is
air. For example, when the xylylenediamine in a container is left
after the use at a place where inert gas is not available as in the
case of using the xylylenediamine as a curing agent for epoxy resin
at a building site, the degradation of the xylylenediamine left
over can be effectively prevented by stably storing it by the
method of the invention.
[0025] The oxygen concentration of the headspace during the storage
of the solid xylylenediamine in a container while maintaining it in
a solid state is preferably 0.01 to 21% by volume, more preferably
0.01 to 1% by volume, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by
volume. The lower the oxygen concentration is, the more expedient
for preventing the degradation of the liquid xylylenediamine. In
the storing method of the invention, however, a strict oxygen-free
condition is not necessarily required and the presence of about
0.01% by volume of oxygen is acceptable, because the
xylylenediamine presents in a liquid state only in a short period
of time. According to the examinations made by the inventors, the
oxygen concentration of the headspace can be easily reduced to 0.3
to 1% by volume by introducing an inert gas into the container.
However, although not technically impossible, a long-term replacing
operation using an excessively large amount of inert gas is
required to achieve an extremely low oxygen concentration,
particularly, of less than 0.01% by volume, because the efficiency
of replacement by introducing inert gas lowers as the oxygen
concentration is reduced. Since the presence of about 0.01% by
volume of oxygen is allowable in the invention, the amount of the
inert gas to be used and the operating time for replacement can be
favorably reduced or shortened even in case of replacing the
headspace of the container with an inert gas.
[0026] In the storing method of the invention, the storing
temperature is regulated so as to allow the solid xylylenediamine
to maintain its solidified condition. The storing temperature is
not particularly limited so long as the solidified condition is
maintained. In view of efficiency, the storing temperature is
preferably within the range of -20.degree. C. to a temperature that
is 1.degree. C. lower than the solidification point of the
xylylenediamine. The temperature during storing the xylylenediamine
in a solidified condition is not needed to be constant. If the
atmospheric temperature is not higher than a temperature that is
1.degree. C. lower than the solidification point of the
xylylenediamine, a container charged with the xylylenediamine may
be stored outdoors. However, cares should be taken so as to prevent
the temperature of container from being raised over a temperature
that is 1.degree. C. lower than the solidification point of the
xylylenediamine by direct exposure to sunlight, etc.
[0027] It is important for the production of the solid
xylylenediamine in a container to solidify the liquid
xylylenediamine after charging it into the container. It is not
preferred to charge the flakes obtained by crushing the solidified
xylylenediamine into the container, particularly when the headspace
is replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen in advance of the
storage, because the replacement requires a long period of time or
the replacement is not effected sufficiently because of a large
amount of gas included in the xylylenediamine flakes.
[0028] The xylylenediamine is used usually in a liquid condition in
applications such as curing agents for epoxy resins, raw materials
for polyamide and raw materials for isocyanates. The solid
xylylenediamine is preferably melted in the container for the
subsequent use by various melting methods, for example, by leaving
the container at a place of a temperature higher than the
solidification point, by immersing the container in a water bath,
an oil bath, etc., by bringing a band heater, etc. into contact
with the container, or by spraying steam onto the container. The
temperature for melting is preferably as low as possible.
Therefore, the solid xylylenediamine is melted at temperatures
preferably lower than "solidification point+120.degree. C.," more
preferably lower than "solidification point+60.degree. C.," and
still more preferably lower than "solidification point+40.degree.
C." It is preferred to replace the headspace with an inert gas such
as nitrogen before melting when the headspace is air or contains
oxygen.
[0029] Metals such as cobalt, copper, rhodium, zinc and iron
adversely affect the storage stability of the xylylenediamine.
Therefore, the total content of cobalt, copper, rhodium, zinc and
iron in the xylylenediamine is preferably reduced to 0.005% by
weight or less, more preferably 0.0005% by weight or less.
[0030] The invention will be described in detail with reference to
examples and comparative examples. However, it should be noted that
the scope of the invention is not limited to the examples.
[0031] The discoloration was evaluated by the APHA color number
measured according to the method of ASTM-D-1209.
EXAMPLE 1
[0032] Into a 0.5-L brown glass bottle, 0.4 L of 25.degree. C.
liquid m-xylylenediamine (APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 14.degree. C.
solidification point) was charged in air. Immediately after
sealing, the bottle was stored in a thermostatic chamber at
2.degree. C. After 2 h of storage in the thermostatic chamber, the
solidification of m-xylylenediamine was visually confirmed. After
one month (30 days) of storage at 2.degree. C., the glass bottle
containing m-xylylenediamine was taken out of the thermostatic
chamber and immersed in a water bath of 40.degree. C. to melt the
stored solid m-xylylenediamine for the measurement of APHA color
number. The measured APHA color number was 5 or less, indicating
that no discoloration occurred during the storage.
EXAMPLE 2
[0033] Into a 0.5-L brown glass bottle, 0.4 L of 25.degree. C.
liquid meta/para xylylenediamine mixture (meta/para=7/3 by mol,
APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 8.degree. C. solidification point) was
charged in air. Immediately after sealing, the bottle was stored in
a thermostatic chamber at 2.degree. C. After 2 h of storage in the
thermostatic chamber, the solidification of xylylenediamine was
visually confirmed. After one month (30 days) of storage at
2.degree. C., the glass bottle containing xylylenediamine was taken
out of the thermostatic chamber and immersed in a water bath of
40.degree. C. to melt the stored solid xylylenediamine mixture for
the measurement of APHA color number. The measured APHA color
number was 5 or less, indicating that no discoloration occurred
during the storage.
EXAMPLE 3
[0034] Into a 20-L metal container, 18 L of 25.degree. C. liquid
m-xylylenediamine (APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 14.degree. C.
solidification point) was charged. Immediately after replacing the
headspace with nitrogen by blowing nitrogen for one minute, the
container was sealed. The container was left standing at 5 to
13.degree. C. to store m-xylylenediamine in a solid state for two
months (60 days). After two months of storage, the stored solid
m-xylylenediamine was melted in a water bath of 40.degree. C. for
the measurement of APHA color number. The measured APHA color
number was 5 or less, indicating that no discoloration occurred
during the storage. The oxygen content of the headspace after the
storage was 0.15% by volume.
EXAMPLE 4
[0035] Into a 0.5-L brown glass bottle, 0.4 L of 80.degree. C.
liquid p-xylylenediamine (APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 63.degree. C.
solidification point) was charged in air. Immediately after
replacing the headspace with nitrogen by blowing nitrogen for one
minute, the bottle was sealed and stored in a thermostatic chamber
at 2.degree. C. After 2 h of storage in the thermostatic chamber,
the solidification of p-xylylenediamine was visually confirmed.
After one month (30 days) of storage at 2.degree. C., the glass
bottle containing p-xylylenediamine was taken out of the
thermostatic chamber and immersed in a water bath of 80.degree. C.
to melt the stored solid p-xylylenediamine for the measurement of
APHA color number. The measured APHA color number was 5 or less,
indicating that no discoloration occurred during the storage.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
[0036] Into a 0.5-L brown glass bottle, 0.4 L of 25.degree. C.
liquid m-xylylenediamine (APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 14.degree. C.
solidification point) was charged in air. After sealing, the bottle
was left standing at room temperature (25.degree. C.) to store
m-xylylenediamine in a liquid state for one month (30 days), and
then, APHA color number was measured. The measured APHA color
number was 60, showing a significant discoloration into yellow.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
[0037] Into a 0.5-L brown glass bottle, 0.4 L of 25.degree. C.
liquid meta/para xylylenediamine mixture (meta/para=7/3 by mol,
APHA color number.ltoreq.5, 8.degree. C. solidification point) was
charged in air. After sealing, the bottle was left standing at room
temperature (25.degree. C.) to store the mixture in a liquid state
for one month (30 days), and then, APHA color number was measured.
The measured APHA color number was 50, showing a significant
discoloration into yellow.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
[0038] Into a 20-L metal container, 18 L of 25.degree. C. liquid
m-xylylenediamine (APHA color.ltoreq.5, 14.degree. C.
solidification point) was charged. Immediately after replacing the
headspace with nitrogen by blowing nitrogen for one minute, the
container was sealed. The container was left standing at 20 to
30.degree. C. to store m-xylylenediamine in a liquid state for two
months (60 days). After two months of storage, APHA color number
was measured. The measured APHA color number was 25, showing an
apparent discoloration.
[0039] The xylylenediamine to be stored in the method of the
invention is useful as a raw material for polyamide resins, curing
agents, etc. and as an intermediate material for isocyanate
compounds, etc.
* * * * *