U.S. patent application number 11/001131 was filed with the patent office on 2005-05-05 for composition and method for smoke detoxification.
This patent application is currently assigned to New Chapter Inc.. Invention is credited to Newmark, Thomas, Schulick, Paul.
Application Number | 20050095304 11/001131 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23018732 |
Filed Date | 2005-05-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050095304 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Newmark, Thomas ; et
al. |
May 5, 2005 |
Composition and method for smoke detoxification
Abstract
A method is provided for effecting smoke detoxification in a
human by using a composition that is made of effective amounts of
supercritical extract and hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric.
Inventors: |
Newmark, Thomas; (St. Louis,
MO) ; Schulick, Paul; (Brattleboro, VT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Gary M. Nath
NATH & ASSOCIATES PLLC
6th Floor
1030 15th Street, N.W.
Washington
DC
20005
US
|
Assignee: |
New Chapter Inc.
Brattleboro
VT
|
Family ID: |
23018732 |
Appl. No.: |
11/001131 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11001131 |
Dec 2, 2004 |
|
|
|
10058299 |
Jan 30, 2002 |
|
|
|
6827951 |
|
|
|
|
60267428 |
Feb 9, 2001 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/729 ;
424/756; 514/679 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 39/02 20180101;
A61K 36/23 20130101; A61K 36/61 20130101; A61K 36/9068 20130101;
A61P 25/34 20180101; A61K 36/82 20130101; A61P 43/00 20180101; A61K
36/53 20130101; A61K 36/9066 20130101; A61K 36/534 20130101; A61K
36/23 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 36/53 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A61K 36/534 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K
36/61 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 36/82 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A61K 36/9066 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101;
A61K 36/9068 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/729 ;
424/756; 514/679 |
International
Class: |
A61K 035/78; A61K
031/12 |
Claims
1-12. (canceled)
13. A method comprising: effecting smoke detoxification in a human
by using a composition that is made of effective amounts of
supercritical extract and hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein a weight ratio of the
hydroalcoholic extract to the supercritical extract includes a
weight ratio of about 3.0-6.0 parts hydroalcoholic extract to 1
part supercritical extract.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition includes at
least one of curcuminoids, antioxidants, and turmerone.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the supercritical extract of
turmeric contains about 43% to 47% of turmerones, and wherein the
hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric contains about 11% to 15% of
curcuminoids.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition is further made
of an effective amount of an aqueous extract of green tea, and
wherein at least one of the supercritical extract and the
hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric is synergistic in combination
with the aqueous extract of green tea.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition is orally
administered, for a therapeutically effective period of time, to
the human exposed to toxins from smoke.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the composition is used to
reduce elevated levels of mutagens and fibrinogens in the human
exposed to toxins from smoke.
20. A method comprising: effecting smoke detoxification in a human
by using a composition that is made of effective amounts of (i)
supercritical and hydroalcoholic extracts of turmeric and ginger,
(ii) supercritical extracts of rosemary, parsley seed, peppermint
and clove, and (iii) hydroalcoholic extracts of
21. The method of claim 20, wherein a weight ratio of the
hydroalcoholic turmeric extract to the supercritical turmeric
extract includes a weight ratio of about 3.0-6.0 parts
hydroalcoholic extract to 1 part supercritical extract.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein a weight ratio of the
hydroalcoholic ginger extract to the supercritical ginger extract
includes a weight ratio of about 4.4 parts of the hydroalcoholic
extract to 1 part of the supercritical extract.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein the composition contains weight
ratios of: (i) the hydroalcoholic rosemary extract to the
supercritical rosemary extract from about 1.75:1 to 2.25:1; (ii)
the hydroalcoholic parsley leaf extract to the supercritical
parsley seed extract from about 1.75:1 to 2.25:1; (iii) the
hydroalcoholic ginger extract to the supercritical ginger extract
from about 4:1 to 6:1; (iv) the hydroalcoholic peppermint extract
to the supercritical peppermint extract from about 1.75:1 to
2.25:1; (v) the hydroalcoholic clove extract to the supercritical
clove extract from about 1.75:1 to 2.25:1, and (vi) the extracts of
turmeric, rosemary, parsley, ginger, peppermint and clove to the
extract of green tea from about 1:1 to 2:1.
24. The method of claim 20, wherein the composition contains by
weight: (i) from about 45% to 55% of the hydroalcoholic and
supercritical turmeric extracts; (ii) from about 1.5% to 2.5% of
the supercritical and hydroalcoholic rosemary extracts; (iii) from
about 1.5% to 2.5% of the supercritical parsley seed extract and
hydroalcoholic parsley leaf extract; (iv) from about 1.5% to 2.5%
of the hydroalcoholic and supercritical ginger extracts; (v) from
about 1.5% to 2.5% of the supercritical and hydroalcoholic
peppermint extracts; (vi) from about 1.5% to 2.5% of the
supercritical and hydroalcoholic clove extracts; and (vii) from
about 35% to 45% of the aqueous extract of green tea.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/267,428, filed Feb. 9, 2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates in general to effecting smoke
detoxification. In particular, the present invention relates to a
turmeric-containing composition to effect smoke detoxification.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Tobacco smoke, derived from tobacco smoldering or active
smoker exhalation, is a source of human exposure to mutagens and
carcinogens. Studies indicate that a close correlation exists
between exposure to tobacco smoke and health hazards such as
respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer, in
smokers and non-smokers alike. It is known that both active and
passive smokers excrete, in their urine, high amounts of
tobacco-derived mutagens. In addition, studies have established a
connection between human cancer and well-cooked meat (such as, for
example, meat cooked on a grill). (See Burros, M., Tea? Turmeric?
The Quest for Safer Barbecue, The New York Times on the Web, Jul.
5, 2000 (hereinafter "the Burros article")). At high temperatures,
creatine in muscle meats react with amino acids, forming
cancer-causing compounds called heterocyclic amines. Marination,
however, has been used to reduce these heterocyclic amines.
Scientists suspect that antioxidants such as garlic, onions,
chives, turmeric, thyme, rosemary and oregano, as well as vitamins
C and E, assist in reducing such amines. Marination, however, does
not reduce the level of other carcinogens, arising, for example,
when fat falls on a fire and causes smoke. (See the Burros
article).
[0004] Turmeric has been found to be effective in inhibiting the
formation and excretion of urinary mutagens in smokers. (See P.
Kalpagam, T. C. Raghuram, T. P. Krishna and K. Krishnaswamy;
"Effect of Turmeric on Urinary Mutagens in Smokers", Mutagenesis,
vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 107-109 (1992) (stating that tobacco mutagens
may be detoxified by the active principle curcumin)). Turmeric has
also been found to be an effective anti-mutagen and may be useful
in chemoprevention. Articles discussing turmeric and/or curcumin
include: Krishnaswamy, K., and Raghuramulu, N., Bioactive
Phytochemicals with Emphasis on Dietary Practices, Indian J Med Res
108, November. 1998, pp. 167-181; Deshpande, S. S., Ingle, A. D.,
and Maru, G. B., Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin-Free Aqueous
Turmeric Extract on Benzo[alpha]pyrene-Induced Forestomach
Papillomas in Mice, Cancer Letters, 118 (1997) 79-85; Srimal R. C.,
Turmeric: A Brief Review of Medicinal Properties, Fitoterapia, Vol.
LXVIII, No. 6, 1997, pp. 483-493; Arbiser, J. L., Klauber, N.,
Rohan, R., van Leeuwen, R., Huang, M. T., Fisher, C., Flynn, E.,
Byers, H. R., Curcumin is an In Vivo Inhibitor of Angiogenesis, Mol
Med (June 1998), 4(6):376-83; Plummer, S. M., Holloway, K. A.,
Manson, M. M., Munks, R. J., Kaptein, A., Farrow, S., and Howells,
L., Inhibition of Cyclo-Oxygenase 2 Expression in Colon Cells by
the Chemopreventive Agent Curcumin Involves Inhibition of NF-kappaB
activation Via the NIK/IKK Signaling Complex, Oncogene (Oct. 28,
1999), 18(44):6013-20; Singhal, S. S., Awasthi, S., Pandya, U.,
Piper, J. T., Saini., M. K., Cheng, J. Z., and Awasthi, Y. C., The
Effect of Curcumin on Glutathione-Linked Enzymes in K562 Human
Leukemia Cells, Toxicol Lett, Sep. 20, 1999, 109(1-2):87-95; Kang,
B. Y., Song, Y. J., Kim, K. M., Choe, Y. K., Hwang, S. Y., Kim, T.
S., Curcumin Inhibits Th1 Cytokine Profile in CD4+ T Cells By
Suppressing Interleukin-12 Production in Macrophages, Br J
Pharmacol, September 1999, 128(2):380-4.
[0005] In addition, turmeric may be used to reduce severely
elevated fibrinogen levels. (See Ramirez-Bosca A., Soler A.,
Carrion-Gutierrez, M. A., Mira D. P., Zapata J. P., Diaz-Alperi J.,
Bernd A., Almagro E. Q. and Miquel, J., A Hydroalcoholic extract of
Curcuma Longa Lowers the Apo B/Apo A Ratio Implications for
Atherogenesis Prevention, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 114
(2000) 207-210. As such, turmeric appears beneficial to the
cardiovascular system of persons exposed to smoke.
[0006] Eugenol, a compound present in many spices such as cloves,
cardamon, etc., has been reported to exhibit antimutagenicity
against tobacco smoke. (See Sukumaran K. and Ramadasan K.,
Inhibition of Tobacco-Induced Mutagenesis by Eugenol and Plant
Extracts, Mutation Research 343 (1995) 25-30). Moreover, Eugenol is
believed to exhibit anti-peroxidative activity. (See. Krishnaswamy,
K., and Raghuramulu, N., Bioactive Phytochemicals with Emphasis on
Dietary Practices, Indian J Med Res 108, November 1998, pp.
167-181).
[0007] Reportedly, green tea has chemopreventive effect against
cigarette smoke-induced mutations in humans. (See Lee I. P., Kim Y.
H., Kang M. H., Roberts C., Shim J. S., and Roh J. K.,
Chemopreventive Effect of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Against
Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mutations (SCE) in Humans, Journal of
Cellular Biochemistry Supplement 27:68-75 (1997)). See, for
example, Klaunig J. E., Xu Y., Han C., Kamendulis L. M., Chen J.,
Heiser C., Gordon M. S., and Mohler III E. R., The Effect of Tea
Consumption on Oxidative Stress in Smokers and Nonsmokers,
Antioxidant Effects of Tea, pp. 249-254 for a discussion of the
effect of green tea consumption on oxidative damage induced by
cigarette smoking. See, for example, Renqing Z., Zhou Y., Chen D.,
Shenben L., and Haug A., Effects of Soaking Temperature and Soaking
Time During Preparation of Water Extract of Tea on
Anticlastogenicity Against Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the
Sister-Chromatid Exchange Assay, Toxicology Letters 115 (2000)
23-32 for a discussion of the anticlastogenicity activity of green
tea water extracts against environmental tobacco smoke.
Furthermore, green tea has been reported as exhibiting cancer
chemopreventive effects. (See Katiyar K. S., Agarwal R., Zaim M.
T., and Mukhtar H., Protection Against N-nitrosodiethylamine and
Benzo[alpha]pyrene-induced Forestomach and Lung Tumorigenesis in
A/J Mice by Green Tea, Carcinogenesis, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 849-855
(1993); Suganuma M., Okabe S., Kai Y., Sueoka N., Sueoka E., and
Fujiki, H., Synergistic Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate
with (-)-Epicatechin, Sulindac, or Tamoxifen on Cancer-Preventive
Activity in the Human Lung Cancer Cell Line PC-9, Cancer Research
59, 44-47, Jan. 1, 1999).
[0008] A cigarette filter containing a specific galenic formulation
of a rosemary extract is reported as being effective in reducing
the free radicals found in smoke. (See I. Emani, C. Rolando, M.
Rojas, K. Alexandrov, H. Scherf, and H. Bartsch: A Rosemary
Cigarette Filter May Reduce Tobacco-Linked Cancer, Biosyntech
Chemopreventive Filter--Coresta, pp. 3-10, October 2000).
[0009] Myrisiticin, a volatile aroma constituent of parsley leaf
oil, is reported as being a possible cancer chemopreventive agent.
(See Zheng G., Kenney P. M., Zhang J., and Lam L. K. T., Inhibition
of Benzo[alpha]pyrene-induced Tumorigenesis by Myrisiticin, a
Volatile Aroma Constituent of Parsley Leaf Oil, Carcinogenesis,
Vol. 13, no. 0.10, pp. 1921-1923 (1992)).
[0010] It is therefore known to use natural ingredients for smoke
detoxification in humans. There is, however, a need for improving
smoke detoxifying activity, using natural ingredient
compositions.
SUMMARY
[0011] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method
for effecting smoke detoxification in a human by using a
composition that is made of effective amounts of supercritical
extract and hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] One embodiment of the present invention provides a
composition for effecting smoke detoxification in humans. The
composition may contain effective amounts of supercritical extract
and hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric. The composition may also
contain effective amounts of (A) supercritical and hydroalcoholic
extracts of ginger, (B) supercritical extracts of rosemary, parsley
seed, peppermint and clove, (C) hydroalcoholic extracts of
rosemary, parsley leaf, peppermint, and clove, and (D) an aqueous
extract of green tea. The composition may impart improved smoke
detoxification properties, compared to known compositions, for
example, because it contains a turmeric extract prepared in a
supercritical/hydroalcoholic dual extraction process. Known
compositions, on the other hand, merely contain a turmeric extract
prepared with only one of a supercritical extraction process or a
hydroalcoholic extraction process.
[0013] Another embodiment provides a method for effecting smoke
detoxification in humans, including (orally) administering, for a
therapeutically effective period of time, an effective amount of
the composition to a human exposed (directly or indirectly) to
toxins related to forms of smoke, for example, from tobacco or
other sources of partially combusted hydrocarbons. As such, the
composition may be administered for a period of time sufficient to
effect smoke detoxification in the human.
[0014] The (herbal) composition (excluding inactive ingredients)
may be orally administered in a daily dosage of at least about 350
mg, or about 375 to 2000 mg. If the composition includes inactive
ingredients, then the active ingredients (e.g., herbal extracts) of
the composition may include any conventional amount used in orally
administered compositions. The composition may be administered on a
daily basis, for example, for a period of at least four weeks. Oral
administration may be accomplished by ingesting the composition,
for example, with water. The orally administered composition may be
in any conventional form including, for example, capsules (hard
and/or soft), tablets, elixirs, powders, granules, suspensions in
water or non-aqueous media, sachets, etc. The orally administered
composition may also be in the form of one or more soft gel
capsules.
[0015] The meaning of the term "smoke detoxification" includes a
reduction in elevated levels of mutagens and fibrinogens in humans.
The elevated levels of such substances may be caused by the direct
or indirect exposure of a human to smoke, for example, from
tobacco, hydrocarbon combustion, burnt meat, and the like.
[0016] The turmeric extract may be a "full spectrum" extract of the
herb, such that the extract may contain curcumin, as well as oils
and other constituents that provide improved smoke detoxification
activities. As such, the turmeric extract may contain not only
active curcuminoid fractions but also naturally present protein
antioxidant factors and valuable essential oil components such as
turmerone. Conventional turmeric extracts, however, are prepared by
merely isolating through solvent extraction (using, for example,
acetone or methylene chloride) one constituent, specifically one or
more curcuminoids.
[0017] Then, the turmeric extract may contain a supercritical
extract of the plant's lipophilic fractions and a hydroalcoholic
extract of the plant's hydrophilic fractions. The use of
supercritical extraction allows the lipophilic constituents to not
be degraded in the extraction process by solvent, oxygen and/or
heat stress, as occurs in conventional extraction. The lipophilic
constituents may thus be used in their purest and most concentrated
form. As such, the turmeric extract allows consumers an opportunity
to experience the healing and detoxifying properties of turmeric in
its most complete form.
[0018] The turmeric extract includes unique scavenging and
modulating abilities, which may be especially synergistic in
combination with green tea water extract. The green tea water
extract itself exhibits a not insignificant protective activity
with respect to known mutagens. Peppermint and clove extracts are
also inhibitors of cigarette and other smoke mutagenicity. Rosemary
and parsley leaf extracts enhance (phase two) detoxification
activities and enhance the composition's efficacy. Ginger extract
has activity against `both ` benzopyrene and tryptophan
pyrolysates, and enhances the composition's bioavailability.
[0019] The turmeric supercritical and post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic extracts may be prepared as follows. A turmeric
root, which may be cryogenically ground to preserve heat sensitive
components, may be subjected to supercritical extraction to obtain
(i) an oil extract (hereinafter "the supercritical turmeric
extract") containing delicate lipophilic (e.g.,
oil-soluble/non-polar) components and (ii) an oil-free residue.
Suitable supercritical extraction processes that may be used to
obtain the supercritical turmeric extract, for example, are
disclosed in E. Stahl, K. W. Quirin, D. Gerard: Dense Gases for
Extraction and Refining, Springer Verlag 1988, incorporated herein
by reference.
[0020] It has been found that about 25-33 kilograms of crude
turmeric may produce 1 kilogram of oil extract. The oil-free
residue may then be extracted in a water/alcohol (e.g.,
water/ethanol) mixture, composed of 60-80 parts alcohol and 40-20
parts water. Extraction of the oil-free residue in the
water/alcohol mixture yields a broad spectrum of polar
constituents, including aqueous soluble components and curcuminoids
(e.g., a full range of curcuminoids). The water/alcohol liquid may
then be evaporated off, leaving a powdered extract residue,
referred hereinafter as "the (post-supercritical) hydroalcoholic
turmeric extract." It has been found that about 6 kilograms of
oil-free turmeric residue may produce about 1 kilogram of
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic turmeric extract. The
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic extract may be combined or
blended with the supercritical turmeric extract at a weight ratio
of about 3.0-6.0 parts post-supercritical hydroalcoholic extract to
1 part supercritical turmeric extract. The post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic extract and the supercritical extract may also be
combined at a weight ratio of about 5.3 parts post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic extract per 1 part supercritical turmeric extract.
The supercritical and post-supercritical hydroalcoholic turmeric
extracts may be separately added to and blended with other
extracts, as long as the resulting composition contains the
appropriate weight ratios of the supercritical and
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic turmeric extracts.
[0021] The supercritical and post-supercritical hydroalcoholic
extracts of ginger may be prepared using the procedures for
preparing the supercritical and post-supercritical hydroalcoholic
extracts of turmeric. The supercritical and post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic ginger extracts may be blended together and then
added to other herbal extracts. The resulting composition may
contain the post-supercritical hydroalcoholic ginger extract and
the supercritical ginger extract, both of which may be combined at
a weight ratio of about 4.4 parts of post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic extract to 1 part of supercritical extract.
[0022] In addition, the supercritical extracts of clove,
peppermint, parsley seed and rosemary may be prepared using the
procedures for preparing the supercritical turmeric and ginger
extracts. Each of the hydroalcoholic extracts of clove, peppermint,
parsley leaf and rosemary may be prepared by extracting the plant
portion in a water/alcohol (e.g., water/ethanol) mixture, composed
of 60-80 parts alcohol and 40-20 parts water. The water/alcohol
liquid may then be evaporated off, leaving a powdered extract
residue. For each of the clove, peppermint, parsley and rosemary,
the supercritical and hydroalcoholic extracts may be blended
together and then added to other herbal extract, or the
supercritical and hydroalcoholic extracts may be separately added
to and blended with other herbal extracts used in the
composition.
[0023] The composition may contain a range of weight ratio(s) of:
(i) the hydroalcoholic rosemary extract to the supercritical
rosemary extract from about 1.75:1 to about 2.25:1, or about 2:1;
(ii) the hydroalcoholic parsley leaf extract to the supercritical
parsley seed extract from about 1.75:1 to about 2.25:1, or about
2:1; (iii) the post-supercritical hydroalcoholic ginger extract to
the supercritical ginger extract from about 4:1 to about 6:1, or
about 4.4:1; (iv) the hydroalcoholic peppermint extract to the
supercritical peppermint extract from about 1.75:1 to about 2.25:1,
or about 2:1; and/or (v) the hydroalcoholic clove extract to the
supercritical clove extract from about 1.75:1 to about 2.25:1, or
about 2:1. As described above, the post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic turmeric extract and the supercritical turmeric
extract may be combined at a weight ratio of about 3-6 parts of
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic extract to 1 part of
supercritical extract, or about 5.3 parts of post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic extract to 1 part of supercritical extract.
[0024] The green tea water extract may be prepared by (i) soaking
dry green tea leaves in water for a period of about 10 to 60
minutes, for example, at a temperature of 80.degree. C. or lower,
(ii) filtering the soaked leaves to obtain an aqueous extract, and
(iii) drying the extract to obtain a (dried) solid material. Such
an extraction process is described, for example, in R. Zhou et al.,
Toxicology Letters 115 (2000) 23-32, incorporated herein by
reference. Another suitable extraction process for obtaining green
tea water extract is described, for example, in S. K Katiyar et
al., Carcinogenesis, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 849-855 (1993),
incorporated herein by reference.
[0025] The composition may contain a weight ratio of (i) the
extracts of turmeric, rosemary, parsley, ginger, peppermint and
clove to (ii) the extract of green tea of about 1:1 to about 2:1,
or about 1.5:1.
[0026] The composition may also contain effective amounts (e.g.,
certain amounts that causes the composition to exhibit smoke
detoxification properties) of each of the above mentioned extracts.
The composition, for example, may contain by weight: (i) from about
45% to 55%, or about 50%, of the post-supercritical hydroalcoholic
and supercritical turmeric extracts, where the post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic and supercritical turmeric extracts may be present
at the appropriate weight ratio relative to one another (see
above); (ii) from about 1.5% to 2.5%, or about 2.0%, of the
supercritical and hydroalcoholic rosemary extracts; (iii) from
about 1.5% to 2.5%, or about 2.0%, of the supercritical parsley
seed extract and hydroalcoholic parsley leaf extract; (iv) from
about 1.5% to 2.5%, or about 2.0%, of the post-supercritical
hydroalcoholic and supercritical ginger extracts, where the
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic and supercritical ginger extracts
may be present at the appropriate weight ratio relative to one
another (see above); (v) from about 1.5% to 2.5%, or about 2.0%, of
the supercritical and hydroalcoholic peppermint extracts; (vi) from
about 1.5% to 2.5%, or about 2.0%, of the supercritical and
hydroalcoholic clove extracts; and (vii) from about 35% to 45%, or
about 40%, of the aqueous extract of green tea.
[0027] In addition, the supercritical extract of turmeric may
contain about 43% to 47%, or about 45%, of turmerones. The
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric may contain a
minimum of about 11%, or about 11% to 15%, of curcuminoids. The
supercritical extract of ginger may contain about 28% to 32% of
pungent compounds and about 6% to 10% of zingiberene, or about 30%
of pungent compounds and about 8% of zingiberene. The
post-supercritical hydroalcoholic extract of ginger may contain
about 1% to 5%, or about 3%, of pungent compounds. The green tea
aqueous extract may contain about 43% to 47%, or about 45%, of
polyphenols. The supercritical extract of clove may contain about
63% to 67%, or about. 65%, of eugenol. The supercritical extract of
parsley seed may contain about 23% to 27%, or about 25%, of
myristicin. The supercritical extract of peppermint may contain
about 33% to 37%, or about 35%, of menthol. The supercritical
extract of rosemary may contain about 21% to 25%, or about 23%, of
phenolic antioxidants. The hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary may
contain about 21% to 25%, or about 23%, of phenolic
antioxidants.
[0028] The composition may also contain a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier such as, for example, one or more
pharmaceutically suitable: inactive excipients, carriers, diluents,
lubricants, adjuvants, and lubricants. For example, inactive
excipients, carriers, diluents, lubricants, and adjuvants may
include: cellulose, substituted cellulose, calcium carbonate,
dicalcium phosphate, starches, lactose, modified food starches,
dextrose, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate,
stearic acid, glycerin, vegetable oils, polysorbates, lecithin,
silicium dioxide, food glaze, talc, croscarmellose sodium,
povidone, water and gelatin. The (active-ingredient) composition
may contain additional inactive excipients, carriers, diluents,
lubricants and adjuvants such as, for example, disclosed in the
Handbook of Food Additives (CRC Press), incorporated herein by
reference (in relevant parts only). The pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier may contain, for example, any conventional amount used in
an orally administered composition.
[0029] The table below is an exemplary composition (excluding
inactive ingredients), where the composition may be administered
orally, for example, by a human. The amounts recited in the Table
represent daily dosages of the ingredients listed.
1TABLE ORALLY ADMINISTERED COMPOSITION DAILY DOSAGE Supercritical
Post Supercritical Ethanolic Aqueous Plant Extract Ethanolic
Extract Extract Extract Part Turmeric 30 mg 160 mg N/A N/A rhizome
(45% turmerones - (minimum of 11% 13.5 mg) curcuminoids - 17.6 mg)
Green Tea N/A N/A N/A 150 mg leaf (45% polyphenols - 67.5 mg) Clove
2.5 mg N/A 5 mg N/A bud (65% eugenol - (10:1) 1.6 mg) Ginger 1.4 mg
6.1 mg N/A N/A rhizome (30% pungent (3% pungent compounds -
compounds - 0.4 mg, 0.18 mg) 8% zingiberene - 0.1 mg) Parsley 2.5
mg N/A 5 mg N/A seed/leaf (from seed) (from leaf) (25% myristicin -
(8:1) 0.6 mg) Peppermint 2.5 mg N/A 5 mg N/A leaf (35% menthol -
(4:1) 0.85 g) Rosemary 2.5 mg N/A 5 mg N/A leaf (23% total (23%
total phenolic phenolic antioxidants - antioxidants - 0.58 mg) 1.15
mg)
[0030] The composition presented in the Table above may also
contain inactive ingredients such as, for example, olive oil (extra
virgin), maltodextrin, and yellow beeswax. The capsule form of the
composition may further contain gelatin, vegetable glycerin,
purified water and carob. The composition presented in the Table
above may be in the form of one soft gel capsule, where the amounts
listed may constitute a single serving or unit dose of the
composition. The capsule may be administered using 8 ounces of
water or another liquid. Furthermore, two or more capsules of the
composition may be taken daily, for example, if exposed to high(er)
levels of smoke.
[0031] The foregoing presentation of the described embodiments is
provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the
present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments are
possible, and the generic principles presented herein may be
applied to other embodiments as well. As such, the present
invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown
above, and/or any particular configuration of structure or
composition but rather is to be accorded the widest scope
consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in any
fashion herein.
* * * * *