U.S. patent application number 10/970574 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-28 for wood-concrete-composite systems.
Invention is credited to Bathon, Leander, Bathon, Tobias.
Application Number | 20050086906 10/970574 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34424348 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050086906 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bathon, Tobias ; et
al. |
April 28, 2005 |
Wood-concrete-composite systems
Abstract
A wood concrete composite system (100,200) has a wood
construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), at least single
intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and a
concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241). The concrete
construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) faces at least with one
side towards the wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210,
211). The at least single intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143,
230, 231, 232) creates at least a partial uncoupling between the
wood and concrete.
Inventors: |
Bathon, Tobias; (Graz,
AT) ; Bathon, Leander; (Glattbach, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MOETTELI & ASSOCIES SARL
CASE POSTALE 486
AVE DE FRONTENEX 6
GEVEVA 12
CH-1211
CH
|
Family ID: |
34424348 |
Appl. No.: |
10/970574 |
Filed: |
October 21, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/782.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2/296 20130101;
E04B 5/38 20130101; E04B 5/48 20130101; E04C 2/26 20130101; E04B
5/23 20130101; E04C 3/29 20130101; E04B 5/12 20130101; E04B
2005/237 20130101; E04B 5/04 20130101; E04B 5/02 20130101; E04C
2/52 20130101; E04C 5/07 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/782.1 |
International
Class: |
E04C 002/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 23, 2003 |
DE |
203 16 376 1 |
Nov 7, 2003 |
DE |
103 51 989.0 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A wood concrete composite system (100,200) comprising: a wood
construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), a at least single
intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and a
concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) where the
concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) faces at least
with one side towards the wood construction component (110, 111,
112, 210, 211) the at least single intermediate layer (140, 141,
142, 143, 230, 231, 232) creates at least a partial uncoupling
between the wood and concrete.
2. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: at least one connection device (130, 220, 223) within
the wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) which
creates a coupling to the intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143,
230, 231, 232) and the concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152,
240, 241).
3. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: at least one connection device (130, 220, 223) within
the wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) which
creates a coupling to the concrete construction unit (150, 151,
152, 240, 241) and shows no force transmitting coupling to the
intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232).
4. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a pattern of the connection device (130, 220, 223)
within a given arrangement and/or chaotically (e.g. one behind the
other, next to each other, shift, lengthwise, crosswise,
diagonally, curved, swung and/or strewn).
5. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 4
comprising: a connection device (130, 220, 223) in straight and/or
unstraight form as flat bodies, lattices and/or nets with at least
one end partially connected within and /or partially within and on
top of the wood construction components (110, 111, 112, 210,
211).
6. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a connection device (130, 220, 223) which show equal
and/or different geometries characteristics and shapes
(isotropic/homogenise or anisotropic/inhomogeneous) within the wood
construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate
layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or concrete
construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241).
7. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a connection device (130, 220, 223) with additional
anchors, teeth and/or bulges within the individual sections of wood
construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate
layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or concrete
construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241).
8. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a connection device (130, 220, 223) which are connected
within and/or atop of the wood construction component (110, 111,
112, 210, 211) by adhesive action Experience an energy- and/or heat
treatment at a given time to overcome the glass transition
temperature of the adhesive and therefore increase the coupling
forces
9. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211)
of at least one element of planks, boards, girders, beams, plates
or formwork and/or a composition of the aforementioned single
elements.
10. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211)
are made out of grown solid wood, timber materials, engineered wood
products and/or wood composite materials.
11. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211)
with reinforcement 120 (made of steel and/or plastic) cavities
(213, 214, e.g. by pipes, channels and/or hoses), and/or lines
(e.g. cables, pipes, channels and/or hoses).
12. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211)
with additional measures to overcome the natural and/or technical
weak points of the construction components (110, 111, 112, 210,
211) by further measures, e.g. reinforcement, prestressing.
13. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a wood construction component (110, 111, 112, 210, 211)
that shows a pre-deformation prior to the assembling of the
intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or
concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) the
pre-deformation can be achieved through a negative deflection a
curvature a bending at a given time during the building process and
therefore compensates possible deflections that occur in the
lifetime of the system.
14. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: the use of single and/or multiple intermediate layers
(140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) loosely and/or
interconnected.
15. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: the application of the intermediate layers (140, 141,
142, 143, 230, 231, 232) as: rolled, poured, painted and/or
squirted and applied as firm, liquid and/or gaseous material at a
given time.
16. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: an intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231,
232) holding cavities (144, 145) (e.g. by pipes, channels and/or
hoses), and/or lines (e.g. cables, pipes, channels and/or hoses)
which create a weight reduction as well as openings that hold
subsequent either supply systems (i.e. electricity, water) and/or
heating/cooling devices.
17. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241)
made out of normal concrete, high-strength concrete, prestressed
concrete, composite concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated
concrete and/or asphalted concrete which may hold additional
adding's like non mineral material e.g. plastic, polystyrene,
wood.
18. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241)
which is manufactured on the construction side or is pre-fabricated
prior to erection or partially on the construction side and
partially as pre-fabricated.
19. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241)
that holds reinforcement (153, 154, 157, 243, 244, 245) (e.g. steel
and/or plastic, prestressed steel/plastic), cavities (155, 246)
(e.g. by pipes, balls, cubes, channels and/or hoses), and/or lines
(156, 247) (e.g. cables, pipes, channels and/or hoses).
20. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241)
where the cavities (155, 246) act as weight reduction, an opening
which allows the introduction supply lines and/or structural
strengthening units at a given time.
21. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a concrete construction unit (150, 151, 152, 240, 241)
where the lines (156, 247) act as openings to hold electrical-,
water-, heat-, technique and/or supply lines or which also supply
heating to overcome the glass transition temperature of the
adhesive used to anchorage the connection device (130, 220,
223).
22. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a on site manufacturing as well as prefabrication along
with a partial on site manufacturing and/or partial
prefabrication.
23. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a pre-deformation which can be achieved through a
negative deflection, a curvature, a bending at a given time during
the building process and therefore compensates possible deflections
that occurs within the lifetime of the system.
24. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: a possibility to combine multiple layers of wood
construction components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate
layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and concrete
construction units (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) to create a layered
composite system that allows a broughter variety of
applications.
25. The wood concrete composite system (100,200) of claim 1
comprising: the use i.e. as columns, walls, girders plates, floors,
frames, portal frames, covers-, roofs-, and/or bridges. In a way
that withstand mechanical, thermal, chemical penetration and/or
loads.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to wood concrete composite system,
which includes at least one wooden specimen, and a concrete
specimen.
[0002] The patent DE 44 06 433 C2, the content of which is
incorporated herein by reference, presents wood with inserted
bonded shaped parts to connect with materials of any kind. The
known connection system is a flat body in form of a steel sheet,
which is bonded partially into a wooden specimen and partially
reaches out of the wooden specimen. The exposed section of the
connection system serves to connect to further material.
[0003] From the disclosure writing DE 198 08 208 A1, the content of
which is incorporated herein by reference, it is known to connect
wood to concrete by glued in shaped parts. The known wood concrete
composite connection includes flat bodies in form of a steel sheet,
which are bonded with one end into a slot brought into the wood and
reaches over the wooden surface with the other end. The exposed end
of the steel sheet includes anchor tongues, which embody themselves
in the up-poured concrete.
[0004] From the disclosure writing DE 198 18 525 A1, the content of
which is incorporated herein by reference, it is known to connect
multiple joined boards with a top sided concrete layer through a
steel bars. The composite action between wood and concrete is
created through a shear connector which reaches half way into the
wooden and concrete section based on mechanical interlock. The
shear connectors are oriented perpendicular to grain of the wooden
specimen in order to create adequate load bearing forces.
[0005] A substantial disadvantage of the aforementioned writings
lays in the unsatisfactory composite action between the materials
wood and concrete and the limitations resulting from that fact. It
is known that a direct contact between wood and concrete can lead
to condensated moisture and thus to fungus growth in the wood.
[0006] It is also known that a direct contact between wood and
concrete creates a sound coupling, which prevents the
serviceability of a wood concrete composite floor without further
sound insulation elements. It is also known that the rigidity of a
structural cross section increases with an increasing height and
therefore an increasing lever arm. Therefore any pronounced
intermediate structural layer increases the stiffness of the
overall system.
[0007] A further disadvantage of the latter writings is the fact
that any inserts in form of cables and/or pipes into the wood
and/or concrete section undergoes stresses which reduce the long
term performance of the insertions.
[0008] What is needed is a method of creating a wood concrete
composite system which provides for uncoupling of the totally
different materials wood and concrete, without reducing the rigid
and/or stiff connection--a sole condition for an effective
composite action--of the two materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] A wood concrete composite system has a wood construction
component, at least single intermediate layer and a concrete
construction unit. The concrete construction unit faces at least
with one side towards the wood construction component. The at least
single intermediate layer creates at least a partial uncoupling
between the wood and concrete.
[0010] The wood concrete composite system according to this
invention includes wooden construction components, an (at least) on
one side bordering concrete construction unit and a (at least)
single intermediate layer that creates at least a partial
separation and/or uncoupling between the materials wood and
concrete. The purpose of the intermediate layers is to (at least)
partly separate and/or uncouple the wood and concrete in geometry,
mechanics and/or physical (i.e. thermal, sound, vibration)
performance. This uncoupling does however not reduce the composite
action between wood and concrete substantially, since otherwise an
economical solution is not to be obtained.
[0011] The rigid connection between the wood and concrete is
achieved by gluing at least one end of the connecting devices into
the wooden construction components. The other end reaches trough
the intermediate layer and rests rigidly into the concrete section
by mechanical friction after the curing of the concrete.
[0012] To the surprise of the inventors, it was detected that the
composite action can even be increased by connecting two ends of
the connection device into the wooden component. It shows both an
increase of the individual stability of the connection device
itself and also an increase of the overall composite action.
[0013] An object of the invention is it to create wood concrete
composite systems with intermediate layers which are equipped with
high composite action, various cross sections, various system
properties and various physical characteristics. The task of the
intermediate layer is to be creating an uncoupling of the totally
different materials wood and concrete, without reducing the rigid
and/or stiff connection--a sole condition for an effective
composite action--of the two materials.
[0014] In another feature, the wood concrete composite systems
according to this invention can be used i.e. as columns, walls,
girders plates, floors, frames, portal frames, covers-, roofs-,
and/or bridges. There they are design to withstand mechanical,
thermal, chemical penetration and/or loads safely.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a section of the wood
concrete composite system of the invention.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a section of another
embodiment of the wood concrete composite system of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0017] The wood concrete composite system according to this
invention includes wooden construction components, a (at least) on
one side bordering concrete construction unit and a (at least)
single intermediate layer that creates at least a partial
separation and/or uncoupling between the materials wood and
concrete. The purpose of the intermediate layers is to (at least)
partly separate and/or uncouple the wood and concrete in geometry,
mechanics and/or physical (i.e. thermal, sound, vibration)
performance. This uncoupling does however not reduce the composite
action between wood and concrete substantially, since otherwise an
economical solution is not to be obtained.
[0018] The rigid connection between the wood and concrete is
achieved by gluing at least one end of the connecting devices into
the wooden construction components. The other end reaches trough
the intermediate layer and rests rigidly into the concrete section
by mechanical friction after the curing of the concrete.
[0019] To the inventors' surprise, it was detected that the
composite action can even be increased by connecting two ends of
the connection device into the wooden component. It shows both an
increase of the individual stability of the connection device
itself and also an increase of the overall composite action.
[0020] It is up to the user and/or designer to choose a composite
action of the connection device with the intermediate layer and/or
the intermediate layers. In a further arrangement of the invention
it is likewise conceivable that the connecting devices do not
exhibit any composite action to the intermediate layers.
[0021] It is also possible to build a wood concrete composite
system wherein the connection device is connected rigidly to the
concrete section by adhesive action.
[0022] The connecting devices can be arranged depending upon
application in order or arranged chaotically. The term
"chaotically" is used in a way that mathematicians use it to
describe a state on no order. Exemplarily the following
arrangements are possible: one behind the other, next to each
other, shifts, lengthwise, crosswise, diagonally, curved, swung
and/or strewn.
[0023] The connection device is used as flat bodies, lattices
and/or nets in straight lines and/or odd forms made out of metals
and/or plastics. The connection device can be bent, waved, swung,
edged, bent at least partial straight, and/or twisted. The flat
bodies can be at least partly punched, bored, roughened up,
stretched, pulled and/or distorted.
[0024] One arrangement of the wood concrete composite systems uses
a hybrid connection device in a way that the end embodied in the
wood is made out of plastic and the end that reaches into the
intermediate layer and concrete is made of metal.
[0025] Another arrangement of the wood concrete composite system
would be a variation of the geometries of the connection device
itself. This means a change of the form, shape and therefore the
mechanical properties of the connection device between wood,
intermediate layer and concrete. This would mean that the
connection device is used as anisotropic and inhomogeneous
arrangement.
[0026] A further arrangement shows an increase in the coupling
forces by connecting two or more ends of the connection device into
and /or onto the wooden construction components. This also the
strengthening of the wood concrete composite systems as well as an
increase of the stability of the connection device.
[0027] A further arrangement of the composite system includes (at
least) additional teeth, discontinuities and/or bulges positioned
at lest partially on some parts of the connection device.
Surprisingly these arrangements provide a positioning and/or an
adjustment of the connection device in the appropriate openings of
the wooden construction components and/or prevent the adhesive from
leaking out of its mend position. Thus the connection device can be
glued into the wooden component and then moved to be transported,
temporarily stored and/or installed on the construction side. This
allows an application in walls and/or over heads.
[0028] The connecting devices are fixed by gluing in appropriate
openings in the construction components and/or on the construction
components. It is an arrangement of the invention conceivably in
the connection device in the construction components to be thus
bonded and others on the construction components is glued on.
[0029] The adhesive preferably used are one or two-component
adhesives. Some adhesives (e.g. epoxy resins, PU adhesives) are
sensitive to higher temperatures and lose there mechanical
properties at approximately 50.degree. C. and higher. This is also
known as the "glass transition effect". The glass transition effect
describes thereby a phenomenon, in which the adhesive loses its
firmness at a critical temperature under loading.
[0030] An arrangement of the invention provides an energy input of
the bonding line (adhesive), the connection device itself and/or
the neighbouring wood and/or concrete construction units during the
curing of the adhesive or at a later time. By doing so the energy
input pushes the critical temperature of the glass transition
effect onto a higher temperature level. This increases the overall
capacity and security of the composite system. The energy input can
be introduced exemplarily by a stationary and/or mobile heat source
(e.g. infrared) locally and/or continuously. Another arrangement of
the composite systems provides a heat supply through by wirings, in
the wooden construction components, the intermediate layers and/or
the concrete construction units.
[0031] The wooden construction components of the wood concrete
composite system are made out of planks, boards, girders, beams,
plates or formwork. The aforementioned individual components can be
used individually or manufactures to multipart built ups (i.e. box
girders). The wooden construction components include grown solid
wood, timber materials, engineered wood products and/or wood
composite materials. To show the massive variety of wooden
construction components some examples are introduced: Solid wood,
resinous wood, hardwood, board laminated wood, veneer laminated
wood, veneer strip wood, splinter wood, cement-bound chip boards,
chip boards, multi-layer plates, OSB panels, plastic wood composite
construction plates, etc.
[0032] A further range of the arrangement consists in the
reinforcement of the wooden construction components and/or the
concrete construction units e.g. by armouring of steel and/or
plastic, prestressed steel and/or plastic, etc. These
reinforcements can be positioned within the wooden and concrete
components and/or on the wooden and concrete components.
[0033] A further range of the variations lies within the local
strengthening or retrofit of existing wooden construction
components by reinforcement, bypassing, prestressing.
[0034] A further range of the solutions lays in the creation of
cavities and/or channels within the wooden construction components,
the intermediate layers and/or concrete construction units. The
cavities can be produced exemplarily by pipes, balls, channels
and/or hoses. The lines can be produced exemplarily by cables,
pipes, channels and/or hoses.
[0035] A further arrangement of the invention exists in
predeformation (e.g. increased height, bend, curvature and/or
pre-loading) of the wooden construction components, the
intermediate layers and/or the concrete construction units before
or after the composite is accomplished. The predeformation
compensates at leas partial deformations the composite structure
will undergo in its lifetime.
[0036] The following example will show the benefit of the
predeformation of the composite system: Given a single span system
with a mid support for the wooden member allows for a negative
predeformation (uplift) Once the concrete is cured and the midspan
support is reduced a deflection of the dead loads is already
compensated by the negative predeformation.
[0037] The intermediate layers can be used in various materials
e.g. in the form of liquid, solid and/or gaseous condition and
applied e.g. through, layouts, pour, paint and/or foaming. A single
intermediate layer consists for example of a plastic foil, an
impregnated paper, a bitumen pasteboard, a plastic insulating
layer, a mineral insulating layer, an organic insulation material,
a regenerating insulating material and up-poured and/or applied
materials, which tie and/or harden at a later time, e.g. tar,
adhesive, plastic mixtures. Further forms of the single
intermediate layers includes all mineral and/or mineral bound
materials (e.g. mineral bound light-weight precast plates,
mineral-bound and insulated sheets) as well as metallic materials
(e.g. trapezoidal sheet metals, sandwich components). The
multi-layer levels are a combination of the single intermediate
layers described before in arbitrary form and/or arrangement. The
choice between a single intermediate layer and/or multi-layer
depends thus only on the requirements to the wood concrete
composite systems.
[0038] The range of concrete for the concrete construction unit
includes normal concrete, high-strength concrete, prestressed
concrete, composite concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated
concrete and/or asphalted concrete. It could be useful to add non
mineral additives to the concrete mixture, e.g. plastics,
polystyrene and/or wood. The production of the concrete
construction units is possible in pre-fabrication or on the
building site.
[0039] Furthermore the concrete construction units could be
partially manufactured on the construction site and partially on
the erection site. Furthermore the concrete construction units
could be partially prefabricated and partially poured on site.
[0040] A preferred arrangement consists in the reinforcement (e.g.
armouring of steel and/or plastic, prestressed steel and/or
plastic) of the concrete construction units. The reinforcement
allows for a higher stresses introduced to the concrete
construction unit.
[0041] A further arrangement lies in the production of cavities
(e.g. by pipes, balls, blocks and/or channels) for weight reduction
and/or for the additional introduction of openings for additional
pre-loading devices. A further arrangement lies in the introduction
of openings (e.g. cables, pipes, channels and/or hoses) within the
concrete construction units, which allow the use of electricity,
heat, technique and/or supply lines.
[0042] By surprise it was encountered that the aforementioned
openings can be used as heating supply units to heat up the wood
concrete composite systems and create thereby a status that
improves the glass transition temperature of the used adhesives
(for the anchorage of the connection device in the construction
components).
[0043] A further arrangement of the invention includes the
possibility to combine multiple layers of wooden and concrete
construction units as well as intermediate layers mixed within each
other. For better understanding one could built a wall having a
wooden unit on the outside and a concrete unit in the inside
wherein two intermediate layers separate the materials concrete and
wood.
[0044] The wood concrete composite systems according to this
invention can be used i.e. as columns, walls, girders plates,
floors, frames, portal frames, covers-, roofs-, and/or bridges.
There they are design to withstand mechanical, thermal, chemical
penetration and/or loads safely.
[0045] Referring now to FIG. 1, an example of a section of the wood
concrete composite system 100 is shown, which e.g. is representing
a floor-, wall-, and/or roof system. The system could be referred
to as a box-system.
[0046] The wood concrete composite system 100 includes wooden
construction components 110, shown as two beams 111 and a timber
panelling 112. The beams 111 are connected to the timber panelling
112 rigidly through adhesive action. The timber panelling 112 holds
two local reinforcements 120 in the shape of plastic fibre
mesh.
[0047] The connection device 130 is shown 4 times. They are
manufactured as punched and distorted flat bodies (also well known
as stretched metal sheets) 131 made of metal, which show a bend 132
on half height. The bend 132 is altered in the longitudinal
direction and creates a forking 133 in form of a Y (forking 133
appears with a front view in longitudinal direction).
[0048] Again, by accident, it was discovered that the bend creates
a given positioning of the connection device 130 within the channel
it is glued in. Furthermore it reduces the risk of a crack within
the concrete construction component 150 due to the peak load
introduced by the connection device 130. Furthermore the forking
133 provides a position to place additional steel reinforcement
bars (not represented here) which increase the overall carrying
capacity of the composite system.
[0049] The intermediate layer 140 includes a (form-stable) mineral
wool 141 positioned between the beams 111 and on the timber
panelling 112. On top of the mineral wool 141 there is a diffusion
diffusion-open foil 142, which covers the timber beams 111 at the
same time and reaches toward the connection devices 130. The
intermediate layers 140 shown as a mineral wool 141 exhibit
cavities 144 and 145 in cross-sectional and longitudinal direction,
which serve as building supply channels.
[0050] It was further learned serendipitously, that the cavities
145 in form of a pipe can be manufactured right through the timber
beam 111 due to the increase of the overall strength created by the
composite action. Therefore it can be shown that the composite
action compensates local weakening of the beam 111.
[0051] A further component of the intermediate layers 140 is
represented by Styrofoam section 143, which is located on the foil
142 between the timber beams 111 within the concrete construction
units 150.
[0052] The concrete construction unit 150 is shown as a continuous
plate 151 with rib-like expansions 152 in the range of the
connection device 130. The concrete construction unit 150 exhibit
reinforcement 153 in the form of reinforcing steel mats 154, which
rest on the connection device 130. The concrete construction unit
150 shows further cavities 155 and lines 156, which respectively
serve as a heat supply and a subsequent reinforcement of the
concrete construction units 150. The cavities 155 serve for the
introduction of appropriate prestressed steel units, in order to
create an additional reinforcement possibility to improve
serviceability.
[0053] The lines 156 serve as heating unit to increase the
material-conditioned glass transition temperature of the adhesive
and therefore increase the total load-carrying capacity of the wood
concrete composite system 100.
[0054] The concrete construction units 150 holds further
reinforcement 157 in the form of reinforcing steel bars, located
between the connection devices 130. The reinforcing steel bars 157
serve to accommodate additional stress peaks, which can occur
within the range of the connection device 130. In addition this
creates another interlock between the connection device 130 and the
concrete construction unit 150.
[0055] Another increase in serviceability can be achieved by
guiding the reinforcement steel bar 157 through the opening (e.g.
expanded metal openings) of the connector devices 130.
[0056] The wood concrete composite system 100 is manufactured on
building site as a floor system. First the individual construction
components (e.g. wooden construction component 110, intermediate
layers 140) were positioned with a negative bending through a
mid-span support. After the curing of the concrete on the site the
mid-span support was removed. Due to the negative deflection the
composite beam now serves almost as a straight beam due to the
natural deflection given by the dead load a life load of a
structural system.
[0057] Referring now to FIG. 2, an example of a section of the wood
concrete composite system 200 is shown, which e.g. is representing
a bridge structure or floor system. The system could be referred to
as a slim-floor-system.
[0058] The wood concrete composite system 200 includes wooden
construction component 210, shown as gluelam plate 211 with an
external reinforcement 212 in the form of carbon fibre
reinforcement which is rigidly connected to the gluelam plate 211
by adhesive action. The gluelam plate 211 shows exemplarily
cavities 213 and lines 214, which respectively are used for
electrical supply and heat supply units. The cavities 213 serve for
the introduction of appropriate electrical cable lines which appear
invisibly within the wood concrete composite systems 200. The lines
214 serve as heating pockets for the adhesive used to glue the
connection devices 220 within the gluelam plate 211. The heating
increases the material-conditioned glass transition temperature of
the adhesive and thereby increases the load-carrying capacity of
the connection device 220 within the gluelam plate 211.
[0059] The connection devices 220 are exemplarily shown as curved
form-stable plastic meshes 221 and curved metal lattices 223. The
metal lattices 223 are used exemplarily in a section of the wood
concrete composite system 200 with high shear forces.
[0060] The plastic meshes 221 reach approximately one third of
their height into the gluelam plate 211 and are secured through
adhesive action. The plastic mesh 221 was design in a way that the
portion that reaches into the gluelam plate 211 and the
intermediate layer 230 shows smaller openings 222 (compared to the
openings within the concrete section 240) to create higher
stiffness values within the intermediate layer 230 (which provide
no support) and fewer openings within the gluelam plate 211 to
reduce the use of adhesive.
[0061] The curved shape of the plastic meshes 221 surprisingly
creates additional specimen stability and increases the mechanical
friction/connection teeth between the gluelam plate 211 and
concrete unit 240.
[0062] Two ends of the metal lattices 223 are exemplarily embedded
(within pockets in form of slots) into the gluelam plate by
adhesive action. This procedure provides a high degree of rigidity
within the metal lattice 223 as well as a high degree of connection
stiffness between the gluelam plate 211 and concrete unit 240. The
metal lattice 223 holds a bulge (here not shown) on cutting edge
between the gluelam plate 211 and the intermediate layer 231 to
prevent the adhesive from withdrawal.
[0063] The intermediate layers 230 consists exemplarily of a
multi-layer bitumen (painted on) with embedded plastic foil 231 and
a PU foam layer 232 on top. The PU foam layers 232 includes
individual panels which are placed individually on top of the
plastic foil 231.
[0064] The concrete construction unit 240 is exemplarily shown as a
continuous plate 241. The concrete construction unit 240 exhibit
reinforcement 242 in the form of reinforcing steel mats 243, which
rest exemplarily only on the connection device 220. The concrete
plate 241 holds in addition a local reinforcement 244 in form of a
reinforcing steel bar 245 which will be connected to the plastic
mesh 221 (exemplarily by wire) prior to the assembling of the
reinforcing steel mats 243 and the pouring of the concrete.
[0065] The concrete construction unit 240 holds cavities 246 and
lines 247, which respectively provide subsequent reinforcement and
climate control supply for the concrete construction unit 240.
[0066] The cavities 246 serve for the introduction of appropriate
prestressing steels in order to allow a subsequent reinforcement of
the concrete construction unit 240. The location of the cavities
246 dependents on the structural requirements and can exemplarily
be on top, between and/or next to then connection device 220
(repres. 221 and 223).
[0067] The lines 247 allow exemplarily the coupling to an
appropriate central air-conditioning unit to create an adequate
climatic supply for the wood concrete composite system 200 and its
environment. Thus exemplarily energy-saving solutions are made
possible for above private commercial and industrial buildings.
[0068] The wood concrete composite system 200 was exemplarily
prefabricated as one construction element and transported and
installed on the job site to create an overall floor system. The
prefabrication permits therefore a rapid production of the building
without introducing humidity (e.g. poring wet reinforced concrete
on sight) into the wood concrete composite system 200 and/or
buildings.
[0069] The individual wood concrete composite systems 200 can be
connected with each other during erection time or at a later time.
In this way also diaphrame effects can be achieved with segmented
wood concrete composite systems 200.
[0070] Multiple variations and modifications are possible in the
embodiments of the invention described here. Although certain
illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and
described here, a wide range of modifications, changes, and
substitutions is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. In some
instances, some features of the present invention may be employed
without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, it
is appropriate that the foregoing description be construed broadly
and understood as being given by way of illustration and example
only, the spirit and scope of the invention being limited only by
the appended claims.
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