U.S. patent application number 10/503872 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-28 for thermoregulating item of clothing and method for removing humidity from areas of the skin.
Invention is credited to Lambertz, Bodo W..
Application Number | 20050086721 10/503872 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27735713 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050086721 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lambertz, Bodo W. |
April 28, 2005 |
Thermoregulating item of clothing and method for removing humidity
from areas of the skin
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermoregulating article of clothing,
especially for wearing during sport activities such as jogging,
skating, skiing or the like. Said article of clothing has at least
one thermoregulating zone which can be formed inside the article of
clothing from thermoregulating elements that are arranged as
required. The invention also relates to a method for removing
moisture from areas of the skin, especially during sport
activities. To this end, a fabric comprising textile ribs is
produced, said fabric guiding moisture away from the skin towards
the textile surface by means of capillary action.
Inventors: |
Lambertz, Bodo W.;
(Herdecke, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OLSON & HIERL, LTD.
20 NORTH WACKER DRIVE
36TH FLOOR
CHICAGO
IL
60606
US
|
Family ID: |
27735713 |
Appl. No.: |
10/503872 |
Filed: |
October 4, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
February 5, 2003 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/DE03/00320 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D 31/12 20190201;
A41D 31/305 20190201; A41D 31/145 20190201; A41D 31/125 20190201;
A41D 13/005 20130101; A41D 27/28 20130101; A41D 13/002
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
002/069 |
International
Class: |
A41B 001/00; A41D
001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 8, 2002 |
DE |
202 01 940.3 |
Dec 12, 2002 |
DE |
102 58 388.9 |
Claims
1-23. (canceled)
24. A thermoregulating article of clothing for use during sports
activities comprising at least one thermoregulation zone.
25. The thermoregulating article of clothing of claim 24 wherein
the thermoregulation zone is selected from the group consisting of
a thermoregulating channel, a thermoregulating area, or a
combination thereof.
26. The thermoregulating article of clothing of claim 24 wherein at
least one thermoregulating zone comprises a planar first layer of
fabric and a waved second layer of fabric, said waved second layer
of fabric comprising alternating webs and ribs, said webs being
bonded to said first layer of fabric; and said ribs and said first
layer of fabric together defining a plurality of hollow
chambers.
27. A thermoregulating element for use in a theremoregulating
article of clothing for sports activities comprising a planar first
layer of fabric and a waved second layer of fabric, said waved
second layer of fabric comprising alternating webs and ribs, said
webs being bonded to said first layer of fabric; and said ribs and
said first layer of fabric together defining a plurality of hollow
chambers.
28. A method for removing moisture from areas of skin during sports
activities with a thermoregulating element of claim 27 comprising
placing the ribs of the thermoregulating element in intimate
contact with the skin of a human to conduct moisture by capillary
action away from the skin through the ribs to the web of the
thermoregulating element.
Description
[0001] The invention pertains to a thermoregulating article of
clothing especially for use during sports activities such as
jogging, skating, skiing, etc. The invention also pertains to a
method for removing moisture from areas of the skin especially
during sports activities.
[0002] Clothing is used for protection, especially for protection
against the weather. Under certain conditions, such as during
sports activities, the clothing also serves to protect against
injury. Except at high outside temperatures, clothing consists
primarily of several different articles of clothing, which are worn
in layers. The outermost layer of clothing has essentially the task
of being windproof and water-repellent in order to prevent the
wearer from becoming chilled by the wind and to protect him or her
from the intrusion of water into the clothing.
[0003] Especially in the case of multi-layer clothing, perspiration
can occur. The amount of perspiration is usually above average
during sports activities. As a result of perspiration, the clothing
becomes much less comfortable to wear because of an unpleasant
feeling on the skin, especially in the areas where the greatest
perspiration occurs. As a result of the subsequent drop in
temperature after the end of the athletic activity, this
perspiration also increases the danger of catching cold or of
developing muscle stiffness or the like. To reduce these dangers,
efforts are made to carry away the moisture. For this purpose it is
known that articles of clothing can be provided with terry loops on
the side facing the skin; the terry loops are intended to absorb
the moisture. A disadvantage of the articles of clothing designed
in this way is that, although terrycloth is able to absorb the
moisture, it does not carry the moisture away from the skin but
rather simply absorbs it into itself. As a result, the moisture
remains in the article of clothing, so that, at the end of the
sports activity, the areas of the clothing which cover the zones of
heavy perspiration remain wet. Because these wet areas remain in
contact with the skin, an unpleasant feeling is produced. The
unpleasant feeling is made even worse by the fact that, after the
sports activity, both the wearer and the clothing cool off and thus
the moisture which comes into contact with the skin is now cold as
well. The known articles of clothing, furthermore, fail to deal
with the presence of zones subjected to different moisture
loads.
[0004] Although a thermoregulating sock, which is provided with an
air channel to improve the thermoregulation of the foot, is known
from DE 297-15,762 U1, the problem of becoming chilled hardly
occurs in the case of socks, because the sock is usually enclosed
within the solid structure of a shoe. For this reason, it is not
important for socks to provide protection against the intrusion of
water either.
[0005] The invention is therefore based on the task of creating
thermoregulating clothing which improves the efficiency with which
perspiration can be removed from the skin and which makes it
possible for the moisture which has accumulated to evaporate.
Another task of the invention is to provide a fabric which can
absorb the unevaporated portion of the moisture, simultaneously
prevent the wearer from becoming chilled, and prevent moisture from
penetrating from the outside to the especially stressed areas.
According to the invention, this task is accomplished by at least
one thermoregulation zone.
[0006] By means of the invention, thermoregulating clothing is
created, especially for sports activities, which significantly
improves the efficiency with which accumulating perspiration is
removed and which also protects the wearer from becoming chilled.
By providing different thermoregulation zones in different areas of
the clothing, it is possible to provide areas with different
moisture absorption or moisture removal capacities in accordance
with the amount of perspiration which is likely to occur in the
various areas of the body while at the same time preventing the
intrusion of moisture from the outside and protecting the wearer
from the danger of become chilled, especially in the areas which
are likely to suffer a drop in temperature. The invention therefore
provides an article of clothing which deals with the load in
question, involving either an increase or a decrease in body
temperature, by providing a thermoregulation zone adapted
individually to that load. As a result, the overall performance
range of the body is increased.
[0007] As an elaboration of the invention, a thermoregulation zone
is designed essentially in the form of thermoregulating channels.
The thermoregulating channels consist preferably of
thermoregulating knitted mesh fabric. The thermoregulating channels
make it possible for most of the moisture to evaporate. In
addition, the thermoregulating channels make it possible for the
moisture to be taken up by the fabric. With the help of the
thermoregulating channels, furthermore, the moisture can be
transported from areas of heavy perspiration to an area of the
clothing in which free evaporation is possible.
[0008] A thermoregulation zone is preferably produced out of
materials of different thicknesses. In an embodiment of the
invention, the thermoregulation zone can also be designed to
consist of multiple layers. As a result, it becomes possible,
first, for a relatively large amount of moisture to be absorbed by
the clothing and simultaneously transported away from the skin to
the outer layer of the clothing, as a result of which the clothing
remains comfortable on the skin. Second, the possibility is also
created of preventing unpleasant feelings of cold from occurring in
those areas where such feelings frequently occur, such as on the
knees during skiing, for example, by making the clothing thicker in
these areas.
[0009] In a preferred elaboration of the invention, a
thermoregulation zone is in the form of cushioning. The cushions
can be located in various areas of the clothing. They prevent the
intrusion of moisture through the clothing, but they also prevent
injuries as a result of falls, especially injuries to the knees and
elbows. The cushions are also able to prevent pressure points.
[0010] In another embodiment, the thermoregulation zones are
introduced in the form of elements into the article of clothing,
where the top surface of a fabric, which is folded into a wave-like
configuration and in which ribs and webs are formed, is covered
with retaining fabric. This has the result of significantly
improving the removal of perspiration from the skin. In addition,
through the modular arrangement of such elements, it is possible to
adapt the article of clothing optimally to specific areas of the
body and to the amounts of perspiration which can be expected in
those areas. Thus it is possible to produce an article of clothing
which deals with to the load in question, whether caused by a high
or a low temperature, by providing a thermoregulation zone adapted
specifically to that load, as a result of which the overall
physical performance range of the wearer is increased.
[0011] In a further elaboration of the invention, the ribs and the
retaining fabric form a hollow space. An additional hollow space is
advantageously formed between the webs and the skin, in which case
the ribs form the lateral boundaries of the space. These hollow
spaces create an air cushion between the skin and the environment,
a cushion which has the effect of equalizing the temperature
between the high body temperature during sports activities and the
low outside temperatures present, for example, during the winter.
As a result, a feeling of cold on the skin is avoided. In the
opposite case (ambient temperature higher than the skin
temperature--in summer, for example), the opposite effect occurs.
Overall, therefore, the feeling of comfort is significantly
improved.
[0012] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the yarn of
the fabric is coated. The coating is preferably applied by
electroplating, as a result of which it is guaranteed, for example,
that the coating covers the entire surface of the yarn. The coating
preferably consists of silver, copper, or gold. These coatings have
a magnetically shielding effect. Silver and copper, furthermore,
prevent the spread of bacteria and/or kill them. As a result, the
odor of perspiration is considerably reduced.
[0013] In a further embodiment of the invention, the
thermoregulating element is provided with fastening elements on the
side facing away from the skin. These are preferably formed by
hook-and-loop fasteners. The fastening elements make it possible to
add new thermoregulation zones to the article of clothing at a
later time.
[0014] The invention is also based on the task of creating a method
by means of which moisture can be transported effectively and
continuously away from the skin. According to the invention, this
task is accomplished in that a fabric is produced with textile
ribs, by which moisture is carried away from the skin by capillary
action to webs, which form the textile surface.
[0015] The invention thus provides a method for the effective
removal of moisture from areas of the skin, especially for the
removal of the perspiration associated with sports activities.
Because the moisture is carried away from the skin by capillary
action via textile ribs to a textile surface, the location of the
surface where evaporation occurs is shifted. This shift in location
results in the continuous drying of the surface of the skin.
[0016] In another elaboration of the invention, the removal of
moisture from areas of the skin is optimized in that, with the help
of air chambers, body heat is used to accelerate the flow of
moisture through the textile ribs.
[0017] Other elaborations and embodiments of the invention are
indicated in the subclaims. An exemplary embodiment of the
invention is illustrated in the drawing and is described in detail
below:
[0018] FIG. 1 shows a front view of a person wearing
thermoregulating clothing;
[0019] FIG. 2 shows a view of the person of FIG. 1 from the
right;
[0020] FIG. 3 shows a view of the person of FIG. 1 from behind;
[0021] FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the side of the area marked
"X" in FIG. 3 facing away from the skin;
[0022] FIG. 5 shows the side of the area of FIG. 4 facing the
skin;
[0023] FIG. 6 shows a cross section along line VI-VI of FIG. 4;
[0024] FIG. 7 shows a cross section along line VII-VII of FIG.
4;
[0025] FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a thermoregulating
element;
[0026] FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a regional textile mix
in the corrugated fabric;
[0027] FIG. 10 shows a view of the side of the element facing the
skin; and
[0028] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of the method for removing
moisture from the skin.
[0029] The article of clothing selected as the exemplary embodiment
is a pair of overalls. The overalls cover the person shown from the
neck to the wrists and ankles. The article of clothing has various
thermoregulation zones 1, 2. The thermoregulation zones 1, 2 are
produced out of different materials. It is possible to use material
combinations such as fleece wool and elastic fibers such as Elastan
fibers or hollow-chamber fibers. The thermoregulation zones 1 are
formed out of knitted mesh fabric or the like, whereas
thermoregulation zones 2 are made of materials of different
thicknesses and of material in multiple layers.
[0030] The thermoregulation zone 1 produced of knitted mesh fabric
is designed essentially in the form of a thermoregulating channel
11. The thermoregulating channel 11 helps to conduct moisture away
from an area subject to especially heavy perspiration. It extends
from the area of the arm pits to the back and then to the hip area
and down across the seat. Another thermoregulating channel 12
extends from the chest area of the article of clothing toward the
sides and then vertically downward along the article of clothing
from the upper body to the legs, finally proceeding down the legs
to the ankles. A third thermoregulating channel 13 is provided in
the area above the thigh, which it surrounds in a ring-like manner.
The thermoregulating channels 11, 12, 13 are made of special
knitted mesh material, the selected yarn of which covers only 80%
of the skin. This has the result of optimizing the air
circulation.
[0031] Another thermoregulation zone 1 of knitted mesh fabric is
also provided in the form of a thermoregulating area 14 at the back
of the knee. The thermoregulating area 14 is produced of very thin
fabric, which absorbs the accumulating sweat and makes it possible
for the moisture to evaporate. As a variation of this embodiment,
it is also possible to arrange a thermoregulating areas of this
type in the area of the arm pits and the insides of the elbows.
Thermoregulating areas 15 are also provided on the insides of the
thighs. The thermoregulating areas 15 also consist of very thin
material, which leads to good thermoregulation on the inside
surfaces of the thighs, which are subject to an especially heavy
load through high body temperatures during sports activities.
[0032] The thermoregulation zones 2 are distributed over the
article of clothing. In the area of the shoulders, the
thermoregulation zone designated 21 is formed by a plurality of
parallel ribs 211. Between the ribs, expansion joints 212 are
preferably provided, which guarantee a high degree of freedom of
movement. The thermoregulation zone 21 consists of stretch-rib
fabric. As a result of the ribs 211, a type of cushioning is
created. As a modification of the exemplary embodiment shown in the
drawing, the thermoregulation zone 21 can also have a rib structure
finer than that shown or a waffle structure.
[0033] Another thermoregulation zone designated 22 is provided in
the form of a reinforcement in the area of the elbows and in the
area of the knees (reference number 23). Here, too, expansion
joints 222, 232 are provided between the rib-like reinforcements
221, 231; these joints allow maximum freedom of movement. The ribs
211, 221, 231 are preferably made of Nylon. The thermoregulation
zones 21, 22, 23 serve, first, as cushioning, to reduce the danger
of injury especially during sports activities. Second, the zones
are also suitable for preventing moisture not caused by
perspiration from penetrating into the areas of the clothing which
are especially at risk of such moisture penetration. At the same
time, the thermoregulation zones 21, 22, 23 prevent chills, such as
those which could be caused by drafts. The cushions are made of
synthetic yarns, composite fabrics, or similar materials. The
thermoregulation zones 21, 22, 23 are made of thermoregulating
fabric, preferably of the rib-knit type. In this type of knitting,
the fabric does not rest flat on the skin, which means that more
air can reach the skin. In the exemplary embodiment, the areas 21,
22, 23 are made of Nexten. Expansion zones 28, which have a
vertically oriented rib structure, are located laterally adjacent
to the thermoregulation zones 23. The zones 28 result in optimal
adaptation of the article of clothing to the body during any kind
of movement.
[0034] Between the thermoregulating channels 11 and 13, a rib-like
thermoregulation zone 24 is formed in the area of the hips and
seat; in the exemplary embodiment, these ribs are oriented
vertically. The thermoregulation zone 24 forms a ring and thus also
extends across the front of the article of clothing. The
thermoregulation zone 24 consists of ribs 241, which are made of
material which is thicker than the material of the joints 242
between them. In the exemplary embodiment, the joints are designed
as thermoregulating channels. As a result of the greater thickness
of the ribs 241, the body is protected from chills, but the body is
also protected against overheating by the joints in between, which
are designed as thermoregulating channels. In contrast to the
exemplary embodiment shown here, it is also possible to divide the
thermoregulation zone 24 into individual smaller zones, which can
be interrupted or limited by air channels 11, 12, 13.
[0035] In addition to the thermoregulation zones 1, 2, the article
of clothing can also be provided with cushions, where in particular
so-called "stab padding" 25 can be used. These pads are preferably
placed in the area of the lower legs and forearms. The padding is
preferably made of hollow-chamber fibers, around which wool or
cotton is spun. Hollow-chamber synthetic yarns are especially good
at damping impact and pressure. In addition, cushions can also be
provided in the area of the Achilles tendon to reduce abrasion by
high-top shoes. It is also possible to provide thin cushioning in
the area of the thighs to protect this area as well from the danger
of chills or from the intrusion of moisture.
[0036] Additional cushions 26 are located in the area of the ankles
(FIG. 1). The cushions 26 serve to avoid pressure points. In
addition, the cushions 26 help to optimize the fit of the article
of clothing. As a modification of the exemplary embodiment, it is
also possible to provide cushions 26 on the outer sides of the
legs.
[0037] The article of clothing also has a thermoregulation zone 27
on the back. Thermoregulation zone 27 is essentially triangular in
shape. It consists of webs 271, which are oriented horizontally.
The webs 271 have an approximately round cross section; in the
exemplary embodiment, their diameter is approximately 5 mm. The
webs 271 are in contact with the skin, as a result of which, as can
be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, a tube-like configuration is obtained,
which is hollow on the inside. Between the webs 271 are strips 272
facing away from the skin, which, in the exemplary embodiment, are
approximately 6-10 mm wide. They are not usually in contact with
the skin. Certain sections of the strips 272 are connected to each
other by bridges 273. As a result of this design, only a small
portion--perhaps only 20%, depending on the design--of the material
of the back thermoregulation zone 27 is in contact with the skin.
The tube-like configuration of the webs 271 increases their surface
area, which improves the air circulation. The webs serve
simultaneously as spacers and also have a wicking effect, which
collects the excess perspiration, draws it up, and carries the
moisture occurring on the back horizontally away to the laterally
adjacent areas of the back thermoregulation zone 27. The moisture
can then evaporate in these areas of the article of clothing, which
are located at points of lesser sweat accumulation. The air
cushions which are formed also have an insulating effect. As a
result, good thermoregulation is created precisely in the areas of
the back subject to heavy perspiration. As a modification of the
exemplary embodiment, it would also be possible to provide
mesh-like fabric on the side facing the skin; this fabric would
then rest on the surface of the skin and thus form additional air
chambers between the strips 272, which are not in contact with the
skin, and the fabric.
[0038] The article of clothing is provided with air traps 29 in the
area of the calves. The air traps 29 have a design which is
essentially the same as that of the back thermoregulation zone 27,
and, in the exemplary embodiment, they are oriented horizontally.
They consist of webs 291, between which strips 292 are located. The
air cushions which are also created here protect the body from
becoming chilled. The intermediate strips 292 also have the effect
of allowing the article of clothing to stretch in this area, which
results in extremely good adaptation to any type of movement.
[0039] Additional thermoregulating elements can be used to form
thermoregulation zones in the article of clothing in order to adapt
the article of clothing optimally to specific areas of the body and
to the amount of perspiration which can be expected there. The
thermoregulating element 3 shown by way of example in FIG. 8 is
based on a fabric 32, which is folded into a wave-like
configuration. The top surface of the fabric 32 thus formed is
covered by a retaining fabric 33. The element 3 rests elastically
on the skin 34, which is wetted with beads of sweat. The element 3
also has hollow spaces 36, 37. In the exemplary embodiment
according to FIG. 8, the fabric 32 and the retaining fabric 33 are
provided with a coating 38.
[0040] As a result of the corrugations of the fabric 32, webs 321
and ribs 322 form alternating rows. The ribs 322 cooperate with the
retaining fabric 33 to form the hollow space 37. The hollow spaces
36 are formed between the webs 321 of the element and the skin 34.
The lateral boundaries of the hollow spaces 36 are formed by the
ribs 322, which rest on the skin 34. In this exemplary embodiment,
the webs 321 are twice as wide as the ribs 322.
[0041] The element 3 is made of several different materials. The
base of the rib 3221 is made of material A. This material is
suitable for absorbing moisture very quickly, especially moisture
in the form of perspiration. The rib walls 3222 are made of a
material B. This has a wicking function, which has the effect of
transporting the moisture away from the skin 34 toward the webs
321. The webs 321 consist of a material C. The moisture transported
by material B to the webs 321 can be easily released by material C
to the atmosphere. That is, the webs are able to provide an
evaporative function. The evaporative surface area is shifted away
from the skin 34. In the transition areas between the individual
materials, it is possible to provide a blend of the materials.
Thus, as can be seen in FIG. 9, a blend of materials A and B can be
present in the transition area between them, and a blend of
materials B and C can be present in their transition area.
[0042] Because of the very narrow design of the ribs 322, the
element 3 makes only pointwise contact with the skin 34. The rib
bases 3221 which are in contact with the skin are not as
hydrophobic as the other areas of the element. As a result of the
capillary action (wicking effect) of the rib walls 3222 in the
direction away from the skin 34, a dry feeling is created on the
skin even when perspiration is extremely heavy. In addition, the
flow of moisture is optimized through the use of different
materials. The flow of moisture toward the outside is also
supported by the body heat being radiated by the skin 34.
[0043] In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, the fabric
32 and the retaining fabric 33 are provided in certain sections
with a coating 38. The coating 38 is preferably applied by
electroplating. It consists of copper, gold,
polytetrafluoroethylene or, preferably, of silver. With the help of
different coatings it is possible to achieve different effects. For
example, with the help of copper or silver, it is possible to
achieve an antifungal effect. A coating of polytetrafluoroethylene,
however, has the effect of reducing friction with the skin.
[0044] The hollow space 36 has the function of an air chamber and
serves to store heat, which warms the web 321. In the method
according to the invention, the fabric 32 is fabricated with
textile ribs 322 which conduct moisture away from the skin 34 to
the webs 321, which form the textile surface. As a result of the
accelerated evaporation 351 which thus occurs over the relatively
large surface area of the web 321, a negative pressure is produced
in the adjacent rib walls 3222, which in turn has the result of
increasing the flow of moisture away from the skin 34. The greater
the amount of heat given off by the skin 34, therefore, the higher
the evaporative capacity of the webs 321.
[0045] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram which shows how the inventive
method functions during sports activities. Here T.sub.H is the
temperature of the skin (corresponding approximately to body
temperature); T.sub.K is the temperature in the air chamber; and
T.sub.U is the ambient temperature. In the case shown here, the
ambient temperature T.sub.U is lower than the skin temperature
T.sub.H, from which it follows that the temperature in the air
chamber T.sub.K is lower than the skin temperature but higher than
the ambient temperature. Moisture is therefore removed from the
skin as required. When the body is at rest, less heat is given off
by the skin, and the capacity for moisture-removal is small--but
there is also only a small amount of perspiration. In the course of
sports activities, perspiration increases, and skin temperature
also rises, as a result of which a high moisture-removal capacity
is achieved.
[0046] Areas in the form of the hollow spaces 36, 37, which
function as air chambers, are also provided; these chambers serve
as air insulators. As a result, the quality of the thermoregulation
is improved even more. The air chamber 37 is also heated
continuously by the heat radiated off by the skin. As a
result--especially under cold weather conditions--insulation is
created between the heated skin and the cold ambient air, so that
the clothing feels comfortable to wear. In addition, the overall
elastic property of the element causes a compressive effect, which
improves the maintenance of blood pressure, as a result of which
the supply of energy to the cells is increased. Muscle vibration is
also reduced. It is preferable not to use any yard goods in the
production of these elements.
[0047] Through the provision of the various thermoregulation zones
1, 2 and possibly with use of thermoregulating elements 3, the
article of clothing according to the invention takes into account
the various types of loads to which the body is subjected
especially during sports activities. For example, in zones in which
high body temperatures and heavy perspiration occur (e.g., at the
backs of the knees, on the back, on the inner surfaces of the
thighs) during sports activities, thermoregulation zones are
provided which avoid the buildup of heat, conduct the sweat away
from the skin, and improve the evaporation. In zones where the body
temperature does not rise very much even during sports activities
and where perspiration is therefore also below average (on the
knees and elbows, at the hips, for example), thermoregulation zones
are provided which prevent a cold feeling. Overall, therefore, the
physical performance range is expanded.
[0048] Insofar as an article of clothing has been discussed in the
specification and in the claims, the invention is not limited to a
one-piece design of this type; on the contrary, some or all of the
thermoregulation zones can be distributed over several articles of
clothing, such as a top and pants. The combination of some or all
of the features of the invention in separate articles of clothing
is also included within the scope of the invention. The features of
the invention can be provided both in underwear and in
outerwear.
* * * * *