U.S. patent application number 10/662220 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-21 for tracking an image-recording medium using a watermark and associated memory.
This patent application is currently assigned to Eastman Kodak Company. Invention is credited to Carroll-Yacoby, Diane M., DuMont, Christopher L., Jones, Paul W., Kerr, Roger S., Stwertka, Peter M., Tredwell, Timothy J..
Application Number | 20050086480 10/662220 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34312737 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050086480 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kerr, Roger S. ; et
al. |
April 21, 2005 |
Tracking an image-recording medium using a watermark and associated
memory
Abstract
A method for tracking a segment of an image-recording medium and
an image-recording medium are provided. In a first aspect of the
invention what is provided is a method for distributing an
image-recording medium. In accordance with the method, an
identifying mark is encoded within a recorded image area on the
image-recording medium. A tracking memory is associated with the
image-recording medium with the tracking memory having information
stored therein. The image-recording medium is distributed to users
of the image- recording medium and tracking information from the
tracking memory is read and stored in a database that associates
the users to whom the image-recording medium has been distributed
with the identifying mark recorded in the image area.
Inventors: |
Kerr, Roger S.; (Brockport,
NY) ; Tredwell, Timothy J.; (Fairport, NY) ;
DuMont, Christopher L.; (Rochester, NY) ;
Carroll-Yacoby, Diane M.; (Honeoye Falls, NY) ;
Jones, Paul W.; (Churchville, NY) ; Stwertka, Peter
M.; (Rochester, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Milton S. Sales
Patent Legal Staff
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street
Rochester
NY
14650-2201
US
|
Assignee: |
Eastman Kodak Company
|
Family ID: |
34312737 |
Appl. No.: |
10/662220 |
Filed: |
September 12, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
713/176 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03B 27/475
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
713/176 |
International
Class: |
H04L 009/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for distributing an image-recording medium, the method
comprising the steps of: (a) encoding an identifying mark within a
recorded image area on the image-recording medium; (b) associating
a tracking memory having tracking information with the
image-recording medium with the tracking memory having tracking
information stored therein; (c) distributing the image-recording
medium to users of the image- recording medium; and, (d) reading
the tracking information from the tracking memory and storing the
tracking information in a database that associates the users to
whom the image-recording medium has been distributed with the
identifying mark recorded in the image area.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of encoding said
identifying mark comprises the step of steganographically encoding
information content in a form that is not readily perceptible to an
unaided human viewer.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of associating tracking
information with said tracking memory comprises associating a radio
frequency transponder with the image-recording medium.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said image-recording medium
comprises a photographic film stored on a film core and wherein the
step of associating a radio frequency transponder comprises the
step of attaching said radio frequency transponder having tracking
information stored therein to the film core.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said image-recording medium
comprises a photographic film stored on a film core and wherein the
step of associating a radio frequency transponder comprises
transferring the photographic film to a film core having a radio
frequency transponder with tracking information stored therein.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the image-recording medium is
stored in packaging during distribution and wherein the tracking
memory is joined to the packaging.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of associating tracking
information with the recording medium comprises the step of
physically associating a label having markings thereon to the
image-recording medium, said markings being representative of the
tracking information.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the markings are in human
readable form.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the markings are in machine
readable form.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of associating tracking
information with the image-recording medium comprises the step of
associating a magnetic strip having electromagnetically encoded
tracking information recorded thereon.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of associating said
tracking information with the image-recording medium comprises the
step of associating an external data storage device with the
image-recording medium.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of detecting
an identifying mark contained on a copy of an image contained
within a recorded image area on the image-recording medium,
accessing the database and determining therefrom the users to whom
the image-recording medium containing the identifying mark was
distributed.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of encoding an
identifying mark comprises the step of exposing a latent image onto
the image- recording medium.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of encoding an
identifying mark comprises encoding more than one identifying mark
on the image-recording medium.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the image-recording medium has
more than one segment with each segment having a different
identifying mark and wherein each different identifying mark is
associated with tracking information so that the tracking
information can be determined from any of the identifying
marks.
16. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of associating a second
memory with the image-recording medium comprises physically
coupling said second memory to the image-recording medium and
emitting an electromagnetic signal having tracking information
therein, said image-recording medium being received by the second
memory and stored therein.
17. A method for distributing an image-recording medium, the method
comprising the steps of: encoding an identifying mark into an image
bearing segment of an image-recording medium to form a marked
image-recording medium; storing the marked image-recording medium
using a first packaging having a first memory; storing tracking
data in the first memory from which the identifying mark on the
image bearing segment of the marked image bearing recording medium
can be used to determine information about the distribution of the
marked image-recording medium, recording an image onto the marked
image-recording medium, to form an image-recording medium; storing
the image-recording medium using second packaging having a second
memory; reading tracking data from said first memory; storing
information in the second memory from which the markings on the
imaged recording medium can be used to determine information about
the distribution of the marked image-recording medium.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the steps of:
developing said imaged image-recording medium to form a printed
imaged recording medium; and, storing the printed imaged recording
medium on a third packaging having a third memory; reading data
from said second memory; and storing information from which the
markings on the imaged recording medium can be used to determine
information about the distribution of the imaged recording
medium.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the steps of:
distributing said printed image-recording medium to an exhibitor;
reading tracking information from the third memory; and using the
tracking information to store information from which the markings
on the imaged recording medium can be used to determine information
about the distribution of the imaged recording medium.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of encoding said
identifying mark comprises the step of exposing a watermark pattern
onto a portion of said image-recording medium.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of storing the marked
image-recording medium using a first packaging having a first
memory comprises storing the marked image-recording medium using a
wrapping and associating a transponder with the wrapping.
22. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of storing the marked
image-recording medium using a first packaging having a first
memory comprises the steps of storing the image-recording medium on
a reel and associating a transponder with the reel.
23. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of storing the marked
image-recording medium using a first packaging having a first
memory comprises the steps of storing the marked image-recording
medium on a core and associating a transponder with the core.
24. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of encoding said
identifying mark comprises the step of forming steganographically
encoded image data.
25. The method of claim 17 wherein the tracking information is
stored in a server computer.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said server manages a
database.
27. The method of claim 17 wherein said identifying mark comprises
a multi-bit identifier.
28. The method of claim 17 wherein the image-recording medium is a
photosensitive medium.
29. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of encoding said
identifying mark comprises the step of forming a latent image onto
the image- recording medium.
30. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of coupling said first
memory to said unmarked image segment comprises the step of
affixing a bar code label.
31. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of coupling said first
memory to said unmarked image segment comprises the step of
scanning an optical encoding.
32. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of coupling said first
memory to said unmarked image segment comprises the step of
scanning a magnetic encoding.
33. A method for tracing the source of an illegal copy of a motion
picture, the method comprising the steps of: (a) encoding an
identifying mark onto a segment of an image- recording medium to
form a marked segment of said image-recording medium, said
identifying mark associated with a data location in a memory, said
memory coupled to said marked segment of said image-recording
medium, said data location comprising data identifying said marked
segment; (b) extracting said identifying mark from said marked
segment of the illegal copy; (c) decoding said encoded identifying
mark to obtain said data location; and (d) accessing said memory to
obtain data stored at said data location.
34. An image-recording medium comprising: (a) a segment of an image
receiving surface having an identifying mark encoded thereon; and
(b) a tracking memory coupled to the medium, said memory having
data stored thereon corresponding to said identifying mark.
35. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein said
identifying mark comprises a steganographic encoding.
36. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein a radio
frequency transponder comprises said memory.
37. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein said
memory is optically encoded.
38. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein said
memory is magnetically encoded.
39. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein said
memory is affixed to a film core.
40. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein said
memory is affixed to a film reel.
41. An image-recording medium according to claim 34 wherein the
image-recording medium is photosensitive.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates, in general, to
image-recording media and more specifically to methods and
apparatuses for tracking the processing and use of a segment of an
image-recording medium.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Motion picture piracy is a cause of substantial revenue loss
to the motion picture industry. Illegally copied motion pictures
can be a significant contributing factor to revenue loss for motion
picture studios. Such illegal copies of a motion picture are
typically made using a sophisticated telecine apparatus or filmed
during projection using a video camera. Even the questionable
quality of motion pictures pirated in this fashion does not prevent
them from broad distribution in the "black market", especially in
some overseas markets, and on the Internet. As video cameras
improve in imaging quality and become smaller and more capable, the
threat of illegal copying activity becomes more menacing to motion
picture providers. While it may not be possible to completely
eliminate theft by copying, it can be advantageous to provide
forensic techniques that help to pinpoint where an illegal copy of
a motion picture was made, whether obtained using a video camera
device or copied directly from a print film using a telecine or
other scanning apparatus.
[0003] It is known to provide a distinct symbol or watermark to an
original still image as a means of image or copy identification,
such as in order to authenticate a copy. As examples, U.S. Pat. No.
5,875,249 entitled "Invisible Image Watermark For Image
Verification filed by Mintzer et al. on Jan. 8, 1997; U.S. Pat. No.
6,031,914 entitled Method and Apparatus Embedding Data, Including
Watermarks, In Human Perceptible Images, filed by Tewfik et al. on
Aug. 27, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,912,972 entitled Method and
Apparatus For Embedded Authentication Information Within Digital
Data filed by Barton on Jun. 15, 1999; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,949,885
entitled Method For Protecting Content Using Watermarking filed by
Leighton on Aug. 29, 1997, disclose methods of applying a
perceptually invisible watermark to image data as verification of
authorship or ownership or as evidence that an image has not been
altered. Advanced steganographic or "hidden content" techniques
used for embedding watermarks and other information content within
images are also disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.
6,044,156 entitled Method for Generating An Improved Carrier For
Use In An Image Data Embedding Application, filed by Honsinger et
al. on Apr. 28, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,481, entitled
Steganographic System filed by Rhoads on May 8, 1995; and U.S. Pat.
No. 6,353,672 entitled Steganographic Using Dynamic Codes filed by
Rhoads on Mar. 8, 2000. Embedded watermarks formed using such
techniques, can provide various types of encoded message
information, for example, a string of bits.
[0004] Watermarking schemes, such as those disclosed in the patents
listed above, can be employed to add an identifying watermark
within the recorded image area of each copy of a motion picture.
Proper deployment of such techniques can provide a watermark
encoding that is imperceptible to the viewer's eye but can be
detected when analyzing a pirated copy of a motion picture. Such
watermarks are typically made to be robust, that is, able to
withstand various "attacks" that can remove or alter the
watermark.
[0005] To provide accurate tracking of a motion picture watermark,
it is necessary to uniquely identify the distribution path of the
print. In fact, for even better precision, there can be advantages
in providing multiple watermarks in a single copy of a motion
picture, so that each copy of a motion picture contains at least
one individual length or segment of film having a unique, trackable
watermark. In this way, even an individual segment of film of an
illegally copied motion picture could be analyzed, its watermark
detected, and its processing and distribution history tracked with
precision. In order to provide this type of tracking capability,
the processing and distribution history for each copy of a motion
picture and/or a segment of film must be stored in some accessible
fashion, such as in a database, and the watermark must be coupled,
that is, associated in some way, to the specific stored information
about a segment of film or motion picture. This type of tracking
can be used, for example, to provide forensic data and evidence
that can be used to identify and prosecute those making an illegal
copy of a motion picture.
[0006] In order to appreciate the difficulty involved in tracking
the many copies of a motion picture, it is instructive to
understand the conventional process by which a motion picture is
manufactured, processed, and provided to a theater or other
exhibitor. Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an overview of the
prior art process for producing and distributing a motion picture.
A media manufacturer 20 initially manufactures film stock known as
print film in the form of a large web of un-imaged print film. The
web of un-imaged print film is then slit to produce multiple strips
of un-imaged print film 22 which are then wrapped about core 24 to
produce multiple rolls 26 of un-imaged print film 22. Such
un-imaged print film rolls 26 are typically 6000 feet in length;
however, they can be any other convenient length. As un-imaged
print film 22 is fabricated by media manufacturer 20 information
may be exposed onto the un-imaged print film 22 such as product
code, strip number, roll and part number, date or other
information. This information is typically exposed on an edge of
un-imaged print film 22, outside of an area of un-imaged print film
22 that is to receive scene content. Such information is not
accessible until after the un-image print film 22 is processed by
film processor 50.
[0007] When a studio 30 releases a motion picture for distribution,
a master copy 32 of the motion picture is provided to a printing
lab 34. At printing lab 34, a printing apparatus 36, such as a
contact printer, is used to imprint an image of master copy 32 onto
one or more rolls 26 of un-imaged print film 22. Printing apparatus
36 has an exposure head 38 that exposes images from master copy 32
onto un-imaged print film 22 to form an exposed print film 46 that
is wound to form an imaged print film reel 48. Master copy 32 may
be fed in a continuous loop or fed from a source reel 42 to a
take-up reel 44.
[0008] Imaged print film reel 48 is taken from printing apparatus
36 and provided to film processor 50 for development using a
conventional chemical process that routes exposed print film 46
through a sequence of baths 52 such as a developer bath 52a, a
bleach bath 52b, and a fixer bath 52c. After this process, exposed
print film 46 is dried to become a developed print film 54.
Alternatively, exposed print film 46 can be processed in other ways
such as using thermal processing methods to form developed print
film 54. Developed print film 54 is then packaged, for example, by
mounting developed print film 54 on reel cores 56, becoming film
reels 58 having a typical length of 2000 feet. Typically a motion
picture is made up of six to eight film reels 58 that vary in
length. However, the number and length of film reels 58 used for a
feature film can vary depending on the length of the motion
picture.
[0009] Film reels 58 are then sent to a distributor 64, also known
as a film exchange, who adds reel sides 60 that snap into reel
cores 56 to provide protection and integrity to the developed print
film 54. Reel sides 60 can alternatively be added at printing lab
34. Film exchange 64 assembles the appropriate film reels 58 to
form a package comprising the entire motion picture for
distribution to exhibitors 66. Exhibitors 66 typically provide the
necessary splicing or handling required to combine the provided
reels to display the motion picture.
[0010] It must be observed that the sequence shown in FIG. 1 is
deliberately simplified for the sake of description and allows a
number of variations in actual practice, but should be adequate for
an overall understanding of key processes from film manufacture
through distribution. Film packaging, for example, may be varied,
depending on whether cores 24, reel cores 56, or other support
structures are most appropriate. Processes illustrated at printing
lab 34 such as printing and developing can all be performed at one
location or performed at different locations. The roles of printing
lab 34, developer 50 and film exchange 64 can overlap or be
combined in many different ways than described or shown in FIG.
1.
[0011] With respect to FIG. 1, it can be seen that it is possible
to use a watermark to uniquely identify each developed print film
54 in a way that the watermark can be extracted from an illegal
copy of a motion picture recorded on the developed print film 54.
However, to use such a watermark to identify the origin of illegal
copies, the distribution path of the developed print film 54
bearing the watermark must be known. This requires each developed
print film 54 be tracked throughout its subsequent processing and
distribution. However, as is shown in FIG. 1, the complexity of the
film printing, developing and distribution process presents
significant traceability challenges. What is needed is a method and
system that are capable of building an association between a
detected watermark and tracking of distribution information for
that motion picture. What is also needed is a method and system
that are capable of accurately maintaining and updating tracking
information for each motion picture throughout each stage of film
processing and distribution. Such a method and system should be
relatively inexpensive, require little labor, and be unobtrusive
and difficult to circumvent.
[0012] It will be appreciated that there is some capability, using
conventional edge-coding techniques that expose information outside
the image area, to provide an identifier that can only be used for
identification after un-imaged print film 22 moves through exposure
and development, but this would be inconvenient and obtrusive
during distribution due to pakaging. Therefore there is no ready
access to the edge coded information.
[0013] Thus, what is needed are methods and systems for tracking
the movement of watermarked film that are conveniently applied at
all stages of producing and distributing a motion picture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] In a first aspect of the invention what is provided is a
method for distributing an image-recording medium. In accordance
with the method, an identifying mark is encoded within a recorded
image area on the image-recording medium. A tracking memory is
associated with the image-recording medium with the tracking memory
having information stored therein. The image-recording medium is
distributed to users of the image-recording medium and tracking
information from the tracking memory is read and stored in a
database that associates the users to whom the image-recording
medium has been distributed with the identifying mark recorded in
the image area.
[0015] In another aspect of the invention, a method for
distributing an image-recording medium is provided. In accordance
with this method, an identifying mark is encoded onto an
image-bearing segment of imaged recording medium to form a marked
image-recording medium and the marked recording medium is stored
using a first packaging having a first memory. Tracking data is
stored in the first memory from which the identifying mark on the
image bearing segment of the image bearing medium can be
identified. An image is recorded onto the marked image-recording
medium to form an imaged recording medium, and the marked
image-recording medium is stored using a second packaging having a
second memory. Tracking data is read from the first memory, and
information is stored in the second memory from which the markings
on the imaged recording medium can be used to determine information
about the distribution of the imaged recording medium.
[0016] In yet another embodiment of the invention, a method is
provided for tracing the source of an illegal copy of motion
picture. In accordance with this method, the identifying mark is
encoded onto a segment of an image-recording medium to form a
marked segment of said image-recording medium with said identifying
mark associated with the data location in a memory, with said
memory coupled to said marked segment of said image-recording
medium, and with said data location comprising data identifying
said marked segment.
[0017] In yet another embodiment of the invention, an
image-recording is provided. The medium has a segment of an image
receiving surface having an identifying mark encoded thereon and a
tracking memory coupled to the medium, said memory having data
stored thereon corresponding to said identifying mark.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] While the specification concludes with claims particularly
pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the
present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better
understood from the following description when taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0019] FIG. 1 is an overview block diagram showing the prior art
sequence for film processing and distribution, following
manufacture;
[0020] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing processing of film in a
latent image printer according to the present invention;
[0021] FIG. 3 is a plan view of one embodiment of a tracking
memory;
[0022] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a film media segment processed
according to the present invention;
[0023] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a printer adapted for
watermark tracking according to the present invention;
[0024] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a film processor adapted
for watermark tracking according to the present invention;
[0025] FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the apparatus used for
watermark tracking at a film distributor; and
[0026] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing processing of film media
in a latent image printer using a bar code reader and bar code
writer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0027] The present description is directed in particular to
elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, an
apparatus in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood
that elements not specifically shown or described may take various
forms well known to those skilled in the art.
[0028] While one embodiment of the present invention is directed to
photographic film media processing and tracking, the method of the
present invention could be used with image-recording media in
general, such as with magnetic or optically encoded media, for
example.
Processing Adaptations for Watermark Tracking
[0029] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a processing
procedure added to the conventional processing of FIG. 1 for print
film processing and distribution according to one embodiment of the
present invention. Un-imaged print film 22, having an
image-recording area to receive images, and as described above,
un-imaged print film material 22 can also include some latent
markings outside the image area, such as a barcode, human-readable
alphanumeric code, or other encoding. Media manufacturer 20
typically winds un-imaged print film 22 on core 24 to form an
un-imaged print film roll 26. As is shown in FIG. 2, un-imaged
print film roll 26 is loaded into a marking printer 70 that uses a
watermarking exposure device 72 to form a watermark (not shown) on
un-imaged print film 22 in order to produce a watermarked print
film 74. The watermark can be any of a number of types of
imperceptible image watermarks known in the steganographic arts,
such as those that represent a number or alphanumeric sequence or a
bit pattern, for example. Alternatively, the watermark can also be
recorded in a perceptible but unobtrusive manner.
[0030] Watermark exposure device 72 can use any of a number of
marking technologies for forming a watermark on un-imaged print
film 22 to form watermarked print film 74. For example,
watermarking exposure device 72 can form a watermark using exposure
radiation, which can be used to form a latent image. Alternately,
watermark exposure device 72 can form a watermark by applying a
colorant such as ink or dye, punching holes in the un-imaged print
film 22, embossing un-imaged print film 22, or using other
techniques to form a watermark on un-imaged print film 22. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the watermark is formed prior to
printing scene content. However, in alternative embodiments, a
watermark could alternately be applied at other points in the
processing sequence. For example, media manufacturer 20 could use a
colorant or other techniques to form a watermark prior to wrapping
onto core 24 in print film fabrication, as subsequently
described.
[0031] Tracking information such as information about the watermark
encoded on watermarked print film 74 is stored in a tracking memory
28. FIGS. 2 and 3 show a diagram of one embodiment of a tracking
memory 28, shown as memory 80. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2
and 3, memory 80 comprises a data storage system 82 and a
communication system 84 having an antenna 85 stored on a substrate
87 having an adhesive thereon for joining memory 80 to a film, reel
or core. Communication system 84 enables electronic data to be
exchanged with data storage system 82.
[0032] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, communication
system 84 includes a radio frequency transponder that is capable of
receiving a first electromagnetic signal and generating a second
electromagnetic signal in response with data being exchanged by way
of the first and second electromagnetic signals. One example of
memory 80 having a data storage system 82 and a radio frequency
type communication system 84 is a Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) tag. RF ID tags have been proposed for use in a wide range
of identification and tracking applications, such as with passports
and credit cards, as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,222 to
Moskowitz et al. One type of commercially available, low profile RF
ID tag is the "TAG-IT INLAY".TM. RFID tag available from Texas
Instruments, Incorporated, located in Dallas, Tex., USA. This
component can be used to provide identifying information about an
item to which it is attached, for example. RF ID devices are useful
for tracking the location, characteristics and usage of documents,
books, packages, and other inventory. For example, RF ID tags can
be used to track the location of documents and track the chain of
custody of such documents within a document management system. RF
ID tags offer the advantage of small size, enabling these devices
to be unobtrusively attached or hidden within an item. RF ID tags
allow communication regardless of orientation relative to the
transceiver, and can communicate through product packaging so that
the data stored in an RFID device can be accessed during
distribution of product. Equipped with an on-board read-write
memory, these devices can be used for recording and recall of at
least some amount of data, which can be related to an item to which
they are coupled.
[0033] Other examples of RF type tracking memories 28 include
"SAMPT" (Selective Addressable Multi-Page Transponder), part number
"RI-TRP-IR2B" available from Texas Instruments, Incorporated, a
"Model TL5550" transponder, available from Vishay-Telefunken
Semiconductors, Incorporated. Low-profile transponder devices,
particularly devices having an integral antenna, offer special
advantages in this application.
[0034] Tracking memory 28 such as memory 80 is physically coupled
to un-imaged print film 22 at the time of manufacture by media
manufacturer 20, such as by insertion into or adhesion onto to core
24 or by affixing memory 80 to other packaging (not shown) used for
un-imaged print film 22. Memory 80 can alternatively be embedded
into un-imaged print film 22. As used herein, the term physically
coupled can include any type of attachment of a tracking memory 28
with a corresponding film. A "logical coupling" also provided
related to the physical coupling of at least one tracking memory 28
such as memory 80 with a film. The logical coupling effectively
links data in tracking memory 28, such as in database system 100
described above, with a corresponding film. Using the methods of
the present invention, each film can be logically coupled to
tracking memory 28 throughout film processing and distribution.
[0035] Tracking memory 28 can also be provided using other types of
devices such as bar coded labels, magnetic memory devices and other
solid state devices similarly coupled to un-imaged print film 22,
for directly storing encoded data or for storing auxiliary
information that can be read, used and stored during processing and
distribution.
[0036] The processing sequence shown in FIG. 2 moves from left to
right. As shown, an un-imaged print film 22 on core 24 with its
coupled memory 80 is fed through watermark exposure device 72 to
expose watermark 68 on un-imaged print film 22. Watermarked print
film 74 is then wound onto a second core 86, containing a second
memory 88. A control logic unit 90 controls one or more RF
transceivers shown in this embodiment as RF transceivers 92 and 93
for read/write interaction with memory 80 and a second memory 88
using RF signals 94 and 96. Examples of transceivers that can be
used for one or more of RF transceivers 92 and 93 include "Model
S2000" transceivers, available from Texas Instruments,
Incorporated, located in Dallas, Tex., USA and "Model U2270B"
transceivers, available from Vishay-Telefunken Semiconductors,
Incorporated, located in Malvern, Pa., USA can also be used.
[0037] In operation, transceivers 92 and 93 transmit an RF signal
comprising a first electromagnetic field of a first predetermined
frequency. RF transceivers 92 and 93 are also capable of receiving
a second electromagnetic field of a second predetermined frequency
from a transponder such as memory 80. The same frequency can also
serve for both first and second electromagnetic fields.
[0038] Control logic unit 90 controls the operation of watermark
exposure device 72 and causes at least one watermark 68 to be
recorded onto un-imaged print film 22. Optionally, control logic
unit 90 can cause multiple watermarks to be recorded on un-imaged
print film 22. This can be used, for example, to record a different
watermark on separate segments of un-imaged print film 22. Media
manufacturer 20 can encode film information on memory 80 such as
exposure information. This information can be read by transceiver
92 and used by control logic unit 90 to adjust the watermarked
recording process and/or for other purposes. The watermark or
combinations of watermarks that are recorded on watermarked print
film 74 are intended to uniquely identify each film reel 86 of
watermarked print film 74. However, to provide the tractability
necessary for anti-piracy, it is necessary to determine which copy
of a motion picture is recorded on watermarked print film 74 that
was used to make an unauthorized copy of the motion picture. Thus,
it is necessary to maintain a record of each entity that processes,
distributes and exhibits a motion picture recorded on watermarked
print film 74.
[0039] Accordingly, control logic unit 90 stores tracking data that
associates the watermark or combination of watermarks recorded on
watermarked print film 74 with the particular copy of the
watermarked print film 74 itself. As used herein, the term tracking
data is used to describe any information recorded in association
with watermarked print film 74 that can be used to traceably
separate one watermarked print film 74 from other watermarked print
films 74 that are used to produce other copies of the same motion
picture during the processing and distribution process. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the tracking data is associated with
watermarked print film 74 using a second memory 88 such as the RFID
type memory described above that is located on second core 86. As
is shown in FIG. 2, watermarked print film 74 is stored on second
core 86, and watermarked print film 74 is moved from marking
printer 70 while still wound on second core 86. Accordingly, the
tracking data stored in second memory 88 travels with watermarked
print film 74.
[0040] The tracking data can comprise a film print identification
such as a film identification number that can be used to traceably
separate one watermarked print film 74 from another. Control logic
unit 90 stores data in a database system 100 associating each
watermark recorded on watermarked print film 74 with the film
identification number of a particular watermarked print film
74.
[0041] Control logic unit 90 can also cooperate with transceiver 92
and/or 93, memory 80 and/or second memory 88 to perform steps such
as:
[0042] (a) reading data, if any, from memory 80 that is coupled to
un-imaged print film 22;
[0043] (b) processing the data received from memory 80;
[0044] (c) generating additional data;
[0045] (d) writing the read data, processed data and/or additional
data to second memory 88.
[0046] As a result of these steps, the film identifier and
optionally some or all of the data from memory 80 and/or other data
generated during the watermarking process is transferred to second
memory 88. An optional network connection 98 provides communication
between control logic unit 90 and database system 100 for storing
tracking data that links the watermark or combination of watermarks
recorded on watermarked print film 74 with the film. Using the data
stored in database system 100, it becomes possible to use a
watermark detected in a copy of a watermarked film print 134 to
determine how the watermarked film print 134 was processed and
distributed.
[0047] For the purposes of the present invention, memory 80 is
optional until the watermark is applied. That is, there may be no
advantage to tracking an un-imaged print film 22 not yet bearing
watermark 68 in some applications. However, once the watermark is
exposed or otherwise applied to form a watermarked print film 74,
second memory 80, or an equivalent mechanism providing second
memory 80 and thereby linking second memory 80 contents with
watermark on watermarked print film 74, is used for processing and
distribution tracking.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a plan view of
watermarked print film 74 having two watermarks 102 and 104, spaced
apart by a distance D. With this arrangement, each watermark 102
and 104 is associated with a corresponding one of media segments
108 and media segment 110, respectively. As noted above, there are
numerous different possible watermark arrangements including the
use of multiple watermarks within the same media segment 110 or
other media segments. For example, multiple occurrences of a
watermark such as watermark 102 can be incorporated within a media
segment such as media segment 110 to help provide easier detection.
Optionally, multiple different watermarks can be recorded on each
media segment. For example, each such different watermark can be
recorded using a different watermarking technique. Media segments
108 and 110 can be any desired length, as best suits the need for
accuracy and detection. In one embodiment, for example, a typical
watermarked print film 74 provided to an exhibitor 66 can comprise
more than 20 successive media segments 108 and 110. Watermarks such
as watermark 102 and watermark 104 could be formed onto media
segments such as media segment 108 and media segment 110 using any
suitable spatial arrangement, orientation, rotation, or separation
distance. For example, watermarks 102 and 104 can be spaced
regularly or spaced at uneven intervals, or could even be
contiguous. Further, in certain embodiments, watermarks such as
watermark 102 and 104 can be recorded on watermarked print film 74,
in a combined fashion such as by overlapping or interleaving
watermarks 102 and 104 in adjacent media segments 108 and 110.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a process for printing
watermarked print film 74 using a printing apparatus 112. In a
similar sequence to that described earlier with reference to
printing onto un-imaged print film 22 in FIG. 1, watermarked film
74 in FIG. 5 is exposed by printing head 111 to images on master
copy 32 which is provided by studio 30, to form an exposed marked
film 114. Exposed marked film 114 is then stored on exposed film
core 116 to form exposed film roll 118.
[0050] A printer control logic unit 120 uses a printer transceiver
122 to use RF signal 94 to read data from second memory 88 coupled
to second core 86 on which marked print film 74 is stored. Printer
control logic unit 120 also performs any desired processing on that
data, and causes printer transceiver 122 to write data using RF
signal 96 to an exposed film memory 124, which in this embodiment
comprises an RFID transponder that is coupled to an exposed film
core 116 on which exposed marked film 114 is stored. Printer
control logic unit 120 determines the print identifier for the
watermarked print film 74 on second core 86 and causes this
information to be stored in database system 100. For example,
printer control logic unit 120 can use a network connection 128 to
provide communication between printer control logic unit 120 and
database system 100. In this embodiment, database system 100
records printing data in association with the film identifier for
watermarked print film 74 indicating that the watermarked print
film 74 has been used in a printing operation by printing apparatus
112. The printing data includes at least sufficient information so
that the watermark can be used to identify printing lab 34 or
printing apparatus 112 used to print on unexposed film 74. Printer
control logic unit 120 can record other data received from second
memory 88 in database system 110. Further, where second memory 88
contains information that is useful in printing an image of master
copy 32 onto watermarked film 74, printer control logic unit 120
receives and uses such information to improve upon the printing
process.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a processor 130 that
develops exposed marked film 114 to provide a developed film print
134. Generally speaking, processor 130 develops exposed marked film
114 in the same manner that was described above with respect to
film processor 50, with exposed marked film 114 being passed
through various baths such as a developer bath 132a, bleach bath
132b, and fixer baths 132c, and after these baths a developed film
print 134 is dried. Other conventional processes can also be
performed by processor 130. Further, other types of image-recording
media can be otherwise chemically or thermally processed or may not
need any type of processing. After any processing, developed film
print 134 can be provided on distribution cores 136 optionally, for
subsequent assembly into one or more reels 138.
[0052] Processor 130 has a control logic unit 140 for ensuring that
the tracking data follows the exposed marked film 114 through the
development process. In this regard, control logic unit 140
operates a transceiver 142 that communicates with exposed film
memory 124 by way of RF signals 146. Data including film
identification data is read from exposed film memory 124 using
developer transceiver 142, processed by processor control logic
unit 140, and updated data is written to distribution memory 144 by
a transceiver which in this embodiment comprises an RFID and is
located on distribution core 136, or optionally, on distribution
reel 138.
[0053] Optionally, processor control logic unit 140 can be adapted
to adjust the processing of exposed marked film 114 in accordance
with other data that is stored in exposed film memory 124, or that
can be obtained from database 100. Processor network connection 149
provides communication between processor control logic unit 140 and
database system 100.
[0054] Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown the tracking process
provided by film exchange distributor 150 prior to shipping
distribution cores 136 or optionally distribution reel 138, having
film print 134 to exhibitors 160. Here, control logic unit 154
operates a distributor transceiver 152 to obtain data from
distribution memory 144 using RF signals 156. Network connection
158 provides communication between control logic unit 154 and
database system 100. Control logic unit 154 causes information
obtained from distribution memory 144 plus any desired distribution
information to be conveyed to database system 100 using this
connection. Examples of this distribution data include, but are not
limited to, shipping date, time, destination and delivery
information database system 100 and for storing data obtained from
this process.
[0055] Once the process shown in FIG. 7 is completed, sufficient
information is available in database system 100 to track a specific
distribution reel 138 by associating the detected watermark with a
specific distribution reel 138 provided to specific exhibitors 160
and 162 by a specific film exchange distributor or other
distributor 150, for example.
[0056] As FIGS. 2 and 4-7 illustrate, some type of tracking memory
28 is employed at key stages in media processing, to associate a
watermark formed on an image-recording medium, such as a film, with
tracking information in tracking memory 28. Tracking memory 28
itself can comprise tracking information such as information
encoded in a bar code 170 label as will be described in greater
detail below with reference to FIG. 8. Alternatively, tracking
memory 28 can store tracking information encoded in memory
circuitry of a read/write RF transponder or other memory device as
described above. In such a case, tracking memory 28 is coupled
directly to the image-recording medium by virtue of attachment of
such bar code, RF transponder or coupling of some other memory
device. Alternately, the tracking data can be stored in database
system 100, so that an attached encoding, such as a bar code or a
RF transponder, provides linkage or addressing information that
couples the image-recording medium to tracking data in tracking
memory 28. Other types of semi-conductor or other electronic memory
devices can also be used for tracking memory 28.
[0057] It must be observed that alternative devices or encodings
could be employed at different stages in media processing. Thus,
for example, tracking memory 28, associated with un-imaged print
film 22, can comprise a bar code 170, with the bar code 170
containing tracking information and/or other information. An RF
transponder could then be provided at some later stage than is
shown in the sequence of FIGS. 2 and 4-7, such as for watermarked
print film 74 (FIG. 2) or for film print 134 (FIG. 6 or 7). In one
alternative arrangement, the process at marking printer 70 of FIG.
2 would require reading bar code 170 for un-imaged print film 22
and writing information onto a memory such as second memory 88 for
watermarked print film 74. Similar alternative arrangements that
switch from one type of device to another could be used wherever
processing of image-recording media requires accessing data to and
from tracking memory 28.
Options for Watermark Printing
[0058] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 4, 6, and 7, watermarks
such as watermarks 102 and 104 can be imprinted onto un-imaged
print film 22, as is described with particular reference to FIG. 2.
This may be the preferred arrangement where media manufacturer 20
applies a watermark, for example, since subsequent film processing
may be handled by other vendors who operate outside the sphere of
control of media manufacturer 20. However, it may also be desirable
to expose watermarks using printing apparatus 112. In such a case,
watermark 102 can be exposed either before or after exposure of the
film image at printing apparatus 112. The alternative of providing
watermark 202 as part of a later processing phase may offer
benefits for distributors 64, for example, who have an interest in
tracking all copies made from one master copy 40.
Tracking Data
[0059] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, tracking
memory 28 has been described as comprising memories such as memory
80, second memory 88, exposed film memory 124 and distribution
memory 144. In one embodiment each of memories 80, 88, 124 and 144
have RF transponders that have some amount of on-board memory
storage capability, sufficient to allow the capability to associate
each individual film with its corresponding reel 46 or core 38.
Additional information, such as date/time stamps, vendor data for
printing and processing functions, master data identifier, sound
negative identifier, printer identifier, and other encoded data
could also be stored using these memory type tracking memories 28.
Such information is transferred during processing from one tracking
memory 28, such as any one of memories 80, 88, 124, 144 to another
tracking memory 28.
[0060] For example, Table I shows a possible flow of information
where tracking memory 28 is capable of storing data.
1 Data stored In Tracking Memory Data 24 80 88 124 160 Manufacturer
Film Film Type Film Type Film Type Film Type Information Type
Watermark Water- Water- Water- Water- Information mark ID mark ID
mark ID mark ID Print Printing Printing Printing Information
Time/Date Time/Date Time/Date Location Location Location Processing
Processing Processing Time/Date Time/Date Location Location
Distribution Distribution Time/Date Location
[0061] The information stored in tracking memory 28 can be
transferred to database system 100. This can be done by distributor
150, or alternatively this data can be stored in database system
100 as a part of other steps during processing. In still another
embodiment, this data can be collected by both tracking memories 28
and database system 100 with a crosscheck being performed at the
time of distribution to ensure the integrity of the process. As
described above, tracking memory 28 comprises a solid state memory
device. However, other memory devices such as optical and magnetic
storage devices can be used for tracking memory 28 in like
fashion.
[0062] Database system 100 such as a database system from ORACLE
Corporation, for example, stores the information needed for
tracking the processing and distribution at a specific film based
upon the detected watermark and for determining who had possession
of a film print 134 that has been illegally copied.
[0063] Table II shows an illustrated example of a database of this
type.
2TABLE II FILM ID NO. FILM TYPE WATERMARK LOCATION WATERMARK ID
INFO PRINTING INFORMATION LOCATION TIME DATE DEVELOPING INFORMATION
LOCATION TIME DATE DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION LOCATION TIME DATE-SENT
TO
[0064] In another embodiment, each film print can be assigned with
a film ID with the film ID being passed from one tracking memory 28
to another tracking memory 28 during processing. Table II shows the
information conveyed by way of the tracking memory.
3TABLE III Data 24 80 88 124 160 FILM ID FILM ID FILM ID FILM ID
FILM ID FILM ID
[0065] At each stage in the process of the formation and/or
distribution of film print 134, the processing equipment provides
FILM ID information and other information to database system 100.
Database system 100 stores data that can be used for tracking
purposes. For example, in this embodiment printing apparatus 112
receives a roll of watermarked print film 74 and determines the
FILM ID for this film using, for example, transceiver 92 to obtain
data from memory 80. Printing apparatus 112 then provides database
system 100 with the FILM ID and information indicating when an
image of master copy 32 was recorded onto watermarked print film 74
to form exposed marked film 114. Where useful, printing apparatus
112 can also use the FILM ID to request information regarding print
film 134 from database system 100. This data can include
information regarding the watermarks recorded on film print 134, or
exposure information. In this embodiment, database system 100
organizes information about film print 134 based upon the FILM
ID.
[0066] Alternatively, the present invention can be performed with
no information passing from one tracking memory 28 to another
tracking memory 28. This can be done where, at each stage of
processing and distribution, a roll of film stored on one reel
having a tracking memory comprising for example a REEL ID is moved
to another reel having a different and unrelated REEL ID. For
example, if the processes described in FIGS. 2 and 4-7, employs a
tracking memory 28 such as a RFID transponder, that stores only a
transponder identifier, then the data stored in each transponder
would appear as shown in table IV.
4TABLE IV Data 24 80 88 124 160 Transpon- Transpon- Transpon-
Transpon- Transpon- Transpon- der ID der ID 1 der ID 2 der ID 3 der
ID 4 der ID 5
[0067] In such an embodiment, at each stage in the process of
forming and distributing film print 134, the processing equipment
reads the Transponder ID information from a film supply reel and
provides this information and other information to database system
100 as described above. Further, at each stage, the processing
equipment reads the Transponder ID from the reel that receives the
film and sends this data to database system 100. Database system
100 keeps a record of the sequence of transponders associated with
film print 134 as well as all other information provided by the
processing and distribution equipment.
[0068] For example, in this embodiment printing apparatus 112
receives a reel of watermarked print film 74 and determines the
Transponder ID for the reel of watermarked print film 74 using
transceiver 90 to obtain the data from memory 80. Printing
apparatus 112 then provides database system 100 with the
transponder ID and information indicating when an image of print 48
was recorded onto watermarked print film 74 to form exposed marked
film 114. Where useful, printing apparatus 112 can also use the
transponder ID to request information regarding watermarked print
film 74 from database system 100. This data can include information
regarding the watermarks recorded on film print 134 or exposure
information. In this embodiment, database 100 organizes information
about film print 134 based upon the chain of Transponder ID.
[0069] By way of example, and not by way of limitation, Table V
lists some more detailed examples of the data fields that can be
associated with a film strip provided in tracking memory 28 for
each media segment on a specific distribution reel 138 as provided
to exhibitor 66.
5TABLE V Data Fields Field Description Media Unique identifier for
each media segment segment 240. Encoded alphanumeric number string.
1:1 correspondence with Watermark ID field. Example: A67G54423K
Watermark Unique identifier for watermark pattern. ID Proprietary
code. 1:1 correspondence with Media segment number field. Example:
6646637727 Manufacture Time stamp for date of media segment date
manufacture. Example: 020203143406GST Emulsion Unique identifier
for film emulsion. batch Manufacturer data. Example format:
identifier emulsion_id-roll#-slit_part#- strip#-perf_unit# Example:
2383-101-011-unit-01-01.1 Print date Time stamp for date of media
segment printing. Example: 021203013140GST Printer number
Identifier for printing apparatus 110. Print Unique identifier for
third-party film vendor code lab. Example: AcmeLabs2331Facility
Developer Time stamp for date of media segment date development.
Example: 021403011428GST Developer Identifier for developer 120
process or number chemical combination used. Distribution Time
stamp for date of media segment date distribution to theater.
Example: 022703191709GST Exhibitor ID Unique identifier for theater
or other exhibitor. Example: UK31223ABGTN
Use of Bar Code Encoding
[0070] Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown an alternate embodiment
of tracking memory 28 comprising a bar code label 170. Bar code
label 170 is applied to reel core 56 or to the packaging materials
(not shown) such as a wrapping, envelope or other material used to
at least partially house un-imaged print film 22. In applying a
watermark, bar code reader 172 performs functions similar to these
performed by the above-described transponder 92. This includes
reading the encoded data for processing by control logic unit 176.
A bar code printer 180 then prints out an updated bar code label
174 that is physically coupled to watermarked film 74. Data from
the read/write operation is either encoded directly into bar code
label 174, so that bar code label 174 itself serves as a tracking
memory 28 that stores tracking information, or bar code label 174
provides information for linking to tracking information stored in
a database system 100. The barcode printer 180 can print on labels
that are to be affixed to a watermarked film 182 or can print
directly onto film 182 or film packaging (not shown).
[0071] An alternate embodiment uses bar code label 170 or similar
encoding in a read-only fashion. When media is processed from one
stage to the next, such as in watermark exposure device 72 where
un-imaged film 22 on reel core 36 becomes watermarked print film
74, bar code reader 172 simply reads the encoding provided on reel
cores 56, or on media packaging. Control logic unit 176 then stores
the encoding information or provides that information for tracking
memory 28 to a secure networked database system 100. In this
embodiment, a second bar code (not shown) can be joined to second
core 86 and marking printer 70 can have a second bar code reader to
read the second bar code, and to store information about marked
film 74 stored on second core 86 in database system 100 to provide
the requisite information to permit tracking of the film based upon
the watermark.
[0072] Other types of data encoding could be used in a similar way
to provide tools for automated media production and distribution
tracking. For example, magnetically encoded information could
alternately be provided, with appropriate magnetically encoded
elements physically coupled to the image-recording medium at
various production and printing stages and with the necessary
readers and, optionally, writers for obtaining data from and
writing data to the image-recording medium during the various
stages of processing. For example, in one embodiment of this type,
tracking memory 28 can comprise a magnetizing strip. In another
embodiment of this type, tracking memory 28 can comprise an
electronic product code identifier as described in a publication
entitled "Auto-ID Center Technology Guide" published by the
Auto--ID Center, Masschusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Mass. 02138, USA. This standard provides 64 and 96-bit codes that
are written onto labels and products using transponders as
described above or using so-called "chipless tags" that encode
information in a magnetically readable form such as a printed
magnetizable reactive material.
[0073] Further, as noted above, certain films are known that have
identifying barcode encoded in marginal portions of the film. Such
barcode can be used to provide tracking information. For example,
such barcode can be used to provide tracking information after
development using conventional optical scanners adapted to read
such barcode. Further, such barcode can be used prior to
photofinishing development where specialized readers are used that
can read the exposed barcode without degrading the ability of the
film to receive and later present images. For example, infrared
readers are known that can be used for this purpose.
[0074] Other types of optical encodement devices could be coupled
to the film, such as holographic or laser-imprinted tags, for
example, with appropriate readers provided.
[0075] In one simple embodiment, an operator could be instructed to
manually scan an encoded label or even to enter alphanumeric
characters to a database system 100 using a keyboard to transcribe
this information from a human-readable label. However, it can be
appreciated that there are advantages to automated data collection
and data entry, such as is provided by RF ID devices, for
minimizing errors and providing consistent tracking
information.
Security and Interlocks
[0076] It is particularly important that a measure of security be
provided for tracking information, whether stored using tracking
memory 28 or stored on database system 100. Access to stored
tracking information should be permitted only after entry of
suitable login account names and passwords. Information from
database system 100 could be provided in encoded form, readable
only to a requester who is in possession of a suitable decoding
key, using techniques well known in the information security arts.
Write access to database system 100 should be restricted in order
to assure the integrity of any information stored in tracking
memory 28.
[0077] Using the method of the present invention, a system of
interlocks can be designed so that, for example, image-recording
media is processed within printing apparatus 112 or processor 130
only after accessing and verifying information from tracking memory
28. This could be used to help prevent unauthorized printing or to
help prevent printing or processing under the wrong conditions,
and/or to provide information that can be used to control the
number of film prints 134 made from an original.
[0078] In another alternate embodiment, processing and distribution
equipment such as printing apparatus 112 and/or processor 130 can
be provided with mechanical or electrical interlocks so that these
apparatuses do not process any film associated with tracking memory
28 that shows evidence of tampering.
[0079] The invention has been described in detail with particular
reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be
understood that variations and modifications can be effected within
the spirit and scope of the invention. Among possible modifications
are methods used for forming watermarks such as watermark 102 and
the sequence for inserting a watermark such as watermark 102 and
104 onto the image-recording medium. Where a watermark is formed
using exposure, it may be suitable to provide this marking before,
during, or after scene content is recorded into the imageable area
of the image-recording medium. Alternately, a watermark can be
formed by applying a colorant, such as an ink or dye. This allows
watermarks 102 and 104 to be formed on the print after scene
content is recorded and even after development of the print.
Watermarks such as watermarks 102 and 104 can also be inserted by
using digital mastering techniques to combine scene images and
watermarks electronically and exposing the electronically combined
image and watermark on the film.
[0080] Further, it will also be appreciated that while the above
embodiments have been described with reference to an
image-recording medium comprising a print film the methods
described herein are equally applicable to other forms of
image-recording mediums such as analog and digital video tapes,
disks, and other forms of electronic and optical image-recording
mediums.
[0081] Thus, what is provided is a method and apparatus for
tracking the processing and distribution of image-recording
media.
Parts List
[0082] 20 media manufacturer
[0083] 22 un-imaged print film
[0084] 24 core
[0085] 26 un-imaged print film rolls
[0086] 28 tracking memory
[0087] 30 studio
[0088] 32 master copy
[0089] 34 printing lab
[0090] 36 printing apparatus
[0091] 38 exposure head
[0092] 42 source reel
[0093] 44 take-up reel
[0094] 46 exposed print film
[0095] 48 imaged print film reel
[0096] 50 film processor
[0097] 52 baths
[0098] 52a developer bath
[0099] 52b bleach bath
[0100] 52c fixer bath
[0101] 54 developed print film
[0102] 56 reel core
[0103] 58 film reels
[0104] 60 reel sides
[0105] 64 film exchange
[0106] 66 exhibitors
[0107] 70 marking printer
[0108] 72 watermark exposure device
[0109] 74 watermarked print film
[0110] 74'a residual quantity of watermarked print film
[0111] 80 memory
[0112] 82 data storage system
[0113] 84 communication system
[0114] 85 antenna
[0115] 86 second core
[0116] 88 second memory
[0117] 90 control logic unit
[0118] 92 transceiver
[0119] 93 transceiver
[0120] 94 RF signals
[0121] 96 RF signals
[0122] 98 network connection
[0123] 100 database system
[0124] 102 watermark
[0125] 104 watermark
[0126] 108 segment
[0127] 110 segment
[0128] 111 printing head
[0129] 112 printing apparatus
[0130] 114 exposed marked film
[0131] 116 exposed film core
[0132] 118 exposed film roll
[0133] 120 printer control logic unit
[0134] 122 printer transceiver
[0135] 124 exposed film memory
[0136] 128 network connection
[0137] 130 processor
[0138] 132 baths
[0139] 132a developer baths
[0140] 132b bleach bath
[0141] 132c fixer bath
[0142] 134 film print
[0143] 136 distribution core
[0144] 138 distribution reel
[0145] 140 processor control logic unit
[0146] 142 transceiver
[0147] 144 distribution memory
[0148] 146 RF signals
[0149] 148 RF signals
[0150] 149 processor network connection
[0151] 150 film exchange distributor
[0152] 152 transceiver
[0153] 154 control logic unit
[0154] 156 RF signals
[0155] 158 network connection
[0156] 160 exhibitor
[0157] 162 exhibitor
[0158] 170 barcode
[0159] 172 bar code reader
[0160] 174 bar code label
[0161] 176 control logic unit
[0162] 180 bar code printer
[0163] 182 film
* * * * *