U.S. patent application number 10/684582 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-21 for haloacetamide and azide substituted compounds and methods of use thereof.
Invention is credited to Dalton, James T., Miller, Duane D., Nair, Vipin, Xu, Huiping.
Application Number | 20050085449 10/684582 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34520586 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050085449 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dalton, James T. ; et
al. |
April 21, 2005 |
Haloacetamide and azide substituted compounds and methods of use
thereof
Abstract
The present invention relates to a novel class of anti-cancer
compounds, which contain a haloacetamide or azide moiety and are,
in one embodiment, alkylating agents. These agents, either alone or
in a composition, are useful for treating cancer, preventing
cancer, delaying the progression of cancer, treating and/or
preventing the recurrence of cancer, suppressing, inhibiting or
reducing the incidence of cancer, or inducing apoptosis in a cancer
cell. Accordingly, the present invention provides a) methods of
treating cancer in a subject; b) methods of preventing cancer in a
subject; c) methods of delaying the progression of cancer in a
subject; d) methods of treating the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; e) methods of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; f) methods of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the
incidence of cancer in a subject; and g) methods of inducing
apoptosis in a cancer cell; by administering to the subject an
anti-cancer compound of the present invention or an analog or
metabolite thereof, its N-oxide, ester, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, hydrate, or any combination thereof as described herein.
Inventors: |
Dalton, James T.; (Upper
Arlington, OH) ; Miller, Duane D.; (Germantown,
TN) ; Xu, Huiping; (Columbus, OH) ; Nair,
Vipin; (Memphis, TN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
EITAN, PEARL, LATZER & COHEN ZEDEK LLP
10 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, SUITE 1001
NEW YORK
NY
10020
US
|
Family ID: |
34520586 |
Appl. No.: |
10/684582 |
Filed: |
October 15, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/114 ;
514/151; 514/493; 514/514; 514/522; 514/553; 514/562; 514/563;
514/602; 514/616 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 31/655 20130101;
C07C 235/24 20130101; A61K 31/165 20130101; A61K 31/277 20130101;
C07D 207/452 20130101; C07C 255/60 20130101; A61K 31/21 20130101;
A61K 31/66 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/114 ;
514/493; 514/151; 514/514; 514/522; 514/563; 514/562; 514/553;
514/616; 514/602 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/66; A61K
031/655; A61K 031/21; A61K 031/277; A61K 031/165 |
Goverment Interests
[0002] This invention was made in whole or in part with government
support under grant number R29 CA068096 awarded by the National
Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, and under grant
number R15 HD35329, awarded by the National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health. The
government may have certain rights in the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
I: 96X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOR or 97Y is
CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is
NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is
NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH,
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F, Cl, Br or I; R is
alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2,
CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;
R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I,
CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN, NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3,
NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR; R.sub.3
is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR, CF.sub.3,
SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to which it is
attached forms a fused ring system represented by the structure:
98n is an integer of 1-4; and m is an integer of 1-3.
2. A anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
I: 99wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR,
NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; Y is
CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2,
CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS,
NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH,
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F, C1, Br or I; R is
alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2,
CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;
R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I,
CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN, NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3,
NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR, R.sub.3
is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR, CF.sub.3,
SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to which it is
attached forms a fused ring system represented by the structure:
100n is an integer of 1-4; and m is an integer of 1-3; or its
analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein G is O.
4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein T is OH.
5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 is
CH.sub.3.
6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X is O.
7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z is NO.sub.2.
8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z is CN.
9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is CF.sub.3.
10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Q is
NHCOCH.sub.2Cl.
11. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Q is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br.
12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is an
alkylating agent.
13. A anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
II: 101wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se,
PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; R
is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; A is a ring selected from:
102B is a ring selected from: 103wherein A and B cannot
simultaneously be a benzene ring; Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN
CR.sub.3or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR,
COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A,
N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH=CH.sub.2; A is F, Cl, Br or I Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl,
halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3,
NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3,
NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR,
OSO.sub.2R, SO.sub.2R, SR, 104Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently
of each other a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3,
SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR,
NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR; W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and W.sub.2is N or
NO.
14. A anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
II: 105wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se,
PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; R
is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; A is a ring selected from:
106B is a ring selected from: 107wherein A and B cannot
simultaneously be a benzene ring; Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN
CR.sub.3 or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR,
COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A,
N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F, Cl, Br or I Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen,
alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2,
NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR,
NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R,
OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R, SO.sub.2R, SR, 108Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4
are independently of each other a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen,
CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3,
NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3,
NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR,
OSO.sub.2R, SO.sub.2R or SR; W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and
W.sub.2 is N or NO; or its analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide,
hydrate or any combination thereof.
15. The compound according to claim 13, wherein G is O.
16. The compound according to claim 13, wherein T is OH.
17. The compound according to claim 13, wherein R.sub.1 is
CH.sub.3.
18. The compound according to claim 13, wherein X is O.
19. The compound according to claim 13, wherein Z is NO.sub.2.
20. The compound according to claim 13, wherein Z is CN.
21. The compound according to claim 13, wherein Y is CF.sub.3.
22. The compound according to claim 13, wherein Q.sub.1 is
NHCOCH.sub.2Cl.
23. The compound according to claim 13, wherein Q.sub.1 is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br.
24. The compound according to claim 13, wherein said compound is an
alkylating agent.
25. A anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
III: 109wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se,
PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; Y
is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is
NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is
NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH,
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F, Cl, Br or I; R is
alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2,
CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;
and R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3.
26. A anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula
III: 110wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se,
PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; Y
is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is
NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or I, and the other is
NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH,
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F, Cl, Br or I; R is
alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2,
CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH;
and R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; or its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
27. The compound according to claim 25, wherein G is O.
28. The compound according to claim 25, wherein T is OH.
29. The compound according to claim 25, wherein R.sub.1 is
CH.sub.3.
30. The compound according to claim 25, wherein X is O.
31. The compound according to claim 25, wherein Z is NO.sub.2.
32. The compound according to claim 25, wherein Z is CN.
33. The compound according to claim 25, wherein Y is CF.sub.3.
34. The compound according to claim 25, wherein Q is
NHCOCH.sub.2Cl.
35. The compound according to claim 25, wherein Q is
NHCOCH.sub.2Brl.
36. The compound according to claim 25, wherein said compound is an
alkylating agent.
37. The compound according to claim 25, represented by the
structure of formula IV: 111
38. A composition comprising the anti-cancer compound of claim 1,
13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate
or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any
combination thereof; and a suitable carrier or diluent.
39. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of
the anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof; and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or salt.
40. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof,
comprising the step of administering to said subject the
anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog,
derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to treat cancer in said subject.
41. A method of preventing cancer in a subject, comprising the step
of administering to said subject the anti-cancer compound of claim
1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate
or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any
combination thereof, in an amount effective to prevent cancer in
said subject.
42. A method of delaying the progression of cancer in a subject in
need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said subject
the anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an
amount effective to delay the progression of cancer in said
subject.
43. A method of treating the recurrence of cancer in a subject in
need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said subject
the anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an
amount effective to treat the recurrence of cancer in said
subject.
44. A method of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a subject,
comprising the step of administering to said subject the
anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog,
derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to prevent the recurrence of cancer in said subject.
45. A method of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence
of cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising the step of
administering to said subject the anti-cancer compound of claim 1,
13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate
or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any
combination thereof, in an amount effective to suppress, inhibit or
reduce the incidence of cancer in said subject.
46. A method of inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell, comprising the
step of contacting said cell with the anti-cancer compound of claim
1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate
or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any
combination thereof, in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in
said cancer cell.
47. A method of alkylating a cellular component, comprising the
step of contacting a cell comprising said cellular component with
the anti-cancer compound of claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an
amount effective to alkylate said cellular component.
48. A method of irreversibly binding an anti-cancer compound to a
cellular component, comprising the step of contacting a cell
comprising said cellular component with the anti-cancer compound of
claim 1, 13, 25 or 37 and/or its analog, derivative, isomer,
metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical
product, hydrate or N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal,
or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to irreversibly
bind the anti-cancer compound to said cellular component.
49. A process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by
the structure of formula I: 112wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2,
NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR,
--NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or
SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl,
Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F,
Cl, Br or I; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl,
CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl,
halogen, alkenyl or OH; R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2,
CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; R.sub.2 is F, Cl,
Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN, NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3,
NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2,
SR; R.sub.3 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR,
CF.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to
which it is attached forms a fused ring system represented by the
structure: 113n is an integer of 1-4; and m is an integer of 1-;
said process comprising the step of coupling a compound of formula
VIII: 114wherein Z, Y, G, R.sub.1, T, R.sub.3 and m are as defined
above and L is a leaving group, with a compound of formula IX:
115wherein Q, X R.sub.2 and n are as defined above.
50. A process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by
the structure of formula II: 116wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2,
NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR,
--NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl,
trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CBF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3,
aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl or OH; R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3,
CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or
CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; A is a ring selected from: 117B is a ring
selected from: 118wherein A and B cannot simultaneously be a
benzene ring; Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR.sub.3or SnR.sub.3;
one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br or
I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F,
Cl, Br or I Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN
CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR,
NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R, SR, 119Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently of each
other a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3,
NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR,
OCONRR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR; W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and W.sub.2is N or
NO; said process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula XIII: 120wherein A, G, R.sub.1 and T are as defined above
and L is a leaving group, with a compound of formula HX-B wherein B
and X are as defined above.
51. A process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by
the structure of formula II: 121wherein X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2,
NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or NR; G is O or S; T is OH, OR,
--NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR; Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or
SnR.sub.3; one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl,
Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2; A is F,
Cl, Br or I; R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl,
CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl,
halogen, alkenyl or OH; and R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3 said
process comprising the step of coupling a compound of formula XIV:
122wherein Z, Y, G R.sub.1 and T are as defined above and L is a
leaving group, with a compound of formula XV: 123wherein Q and X
are as defined above.
52. The process according to claim 60, wherein said anti-cancer
compound is represented by the structure of formula IV: 124
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Ser. No.
10/616,500, filed Jul. 10, 2003, and U.S. Ser. No. 10/371,211,
filed Feb. 24, 2003, which claims priority of U.S. Ser. No.
60/453,703, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to a novel class of
anti-cancer compounds that contain a haloacetamide or azide moiety.
More particularly, the present invention provides a) methods of
treating cancer in a subject; b) methods of preventing cancer in a
subject; c) methods of delaying the progression of cancer in a
subject; d) methods of treating the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; e) methods of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; f) methods of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the
incidence of cancer in a subject; and g) methods of inducing
apoptosis in a cancer cell, by administering to the subject an
anti-cancer compound of the present invention or an analog or
metabolite thereof, its N-oxide, ester, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, hydrate, or any combination thereof as described herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Cancer is a disorder in which a population of cells has
become, in varying degrees, unresponsive to the control mechanisms
that normally govern proliferation and differentiation. The leading
therapies to date are surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
[0005] Traditionally, chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer has
focused on killing cancer cells directly by exposing them to
cytotoxic substances. Ideally, cytotoxic agents are specific for
cancer and tumor cells while not affecting or having a mild effect
on normal cells. Unfortunately, most cytotoxic agents target
especially rapidly dividing cells (both tumor and normal) and thus
injure both neoplastic and normal cell populations.
[0006] Currently therapeutic agents used in clinical cancer therapy
are categorized into six groups: alkylating agents, antibiotic
agents, antimetabolic agents, biologic agents, hormonal agents, and
plant-derived agents.
[0007] Alkylating agents are polyfunctional compounds that have the
ability to substitute alkyl groups for hydrogen ions. These
compounds react with phosphate, amino, hydroxyl, sulfihydryl,
carboxyl, and imidazole groups. Examples of alkylating agents
include bischloroethylamines (nitrogen mustards), aziridines, alkyl
alkone sulfonates, nitrosoureas, and platinum compounds. Under
physiological conditions, these drugs ionize and produce positively
charged ions that attach to susceptible nucleic acids and proteins,
leading to cell cycle arrest and/or cell death. The alkylating
agents are cell cycle phase nonspecific agents because they exert
their activity independently of the specific phase of the cell
cycle. The nitrogen mustards and alkyl alkone sulfonates are most
effective against cells in the G1 or M phase. Nitrosoureas,
nitrogen mustards, and aziridines impair progression from the G1
and S phases to the M phase.
[0008] Antibiotic agents are a group of drugs that are produced in
a manner similar to antibiotics as a modification of natural
products. Examples of antibiotic agents include anthracyclines,
mitomycin C, bleomycin, dactinomycin, and plicatomycin. These
antibiotic agents interfere with cell growth by targeting various
cellular components. For example, anthracyclines are generally
believed to interfere with the action of DNA topoisomerase II in
the regions of transcriptionally active DNA, which leads to DNA
strand scissions.
[0009] The antimetabolic agents are a group of drugs that interfere
with metabolic processes vital to the physiology and proliferation
of cancer cells. Actively proliferating cancer cells require
continuous synthesis of large quantities of nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids, and other vital cellular constituents. Many of
the antimetabolites inhibit the synthesis of purine or pyrimidine
nucleosides or inhibit the enzymes of DNA replication. Some
antimetabolites also interfere with the synthesis of
ribonucleosides and RNA and/or amino acid metabolism and protein
synthesis as well. By interfering with the synthesis of vital
cellular constituents, antimetabolites can delay or arrest the
growth of cancer cells. Examples of antimetabolic agents include,
fluorouracil (5-FU), floxuridine (5-FUdR), methotrexate,
leucovorin, hydroxyurea, thioguanine (6-TG), mercaptopurine (6-MP),
cytarabine, pentostatin, fludarabine phosphate, cladribine (2-CDA),
asparaginase, and gemcitabine.
[0010] Hormonal agents are a group of drug that regulate the growth
and development of their target organs. Most of the hormonal agents
are sex steroids and their derivatives and analogs thereof, such as
estrogens, androgens, and progestins. These hormonal agents may
serve as antagonists of receptors for the sex steroids to down
regulate receptor expression and transcription of vital genes.
Examples of such hormonal agents are synthetic estrogens (e.g.
diethylstibestrol), antiestrogens (e. g. tamoxifen, toremifene,
fluoxymesterol and raloxifene), antiandrogens (bicalutamide,
nilutamide, flutamide), aromatase inhibitors (e.g.,
aminoglutethimide, anastrozole and tetrazole), ketoconazole,
goserelin acetate, leuprolide, megestrol acetate and
mifepristone.
[0011] Plant-derived agents are a group of drugs that are derived
from plants or modified based on the molecular structure of the
agents. Examples of plant derived agents include vinca alkaloids,
podophyllotoxins, and taxanes. These plant derived agents generally
act as antimitotic agents that bind to tubulin and inhibit mitosis.
Podophyllotoxins such as etoposide are believed to interfere with
DNA synthesis by interacting with topoisomerase II, leading to DNA
strand scission.
[0012] Biologic agents are a group of biomolecules that elicit
cancer/tumor regression when used alone or in combination with
chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Examples of biologic agents
include immuno-modulating proteins such as cytokines, monoclonal
antibodies against tumor antigens, tumor suppressor genes, and
cancer vaccines.
[0013] Although thousands of potential anti-cancer agents have been
evaluated, the treatment of human cancer remains fraught with
complications and side effects, which often present an array of
suboptimal treatment choices. Despite the great number of
anti-neoplastic agents that are used in the clinic for cancer
treatment, a need still exists for more effective drugs for
treating cancer in a more specific manner. There is thus an urgent
and ongoing need to develop new therapeutic approaches to the
treatment of cancer, particularly chemical compounds that are
easily obtainable and that inhibit the growth/proliferation of
cancer tissues while having little or no effect on healthy
tissues.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present invention relates to a novel class of
anti-cancer compounds that contain a haloacetamide or azide moiety
and are, in one embodiment, alkylating agents. These agents, either
alone or in a composition, are useful for treating cancer,
preventing cancer, delaying the progression of cancer, treating
and/or preventing the recurrence of cancer, suppressing, inhibiting
or reducing the incidence of cancer, or inducing apoptosis in a
cancer cell. Accordingly, the present invention provides a) methods
of treating cancer in a subject; b) methods of preventing cancer in
a subject; c) methods of delaying the progression of cancer in a
subject; d) methods of treating the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; e) methods of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a
subject; f) methods of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the
incidence of cancer in a subject; and g) methods of inducing
apoptosis in a cancer cell, by administering to the subject an
anti-cancer compound of the present invention or an analog or
metabolite thereof, its N-oxide, ester, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, hydrate, or any combination thereof as described herein.
[0015] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula I:
1
[0016] wherein
[0017] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0018] G is O or S;
[0019] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOR, or 2
[0020] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0021] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR,
[0022] CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2, 3
[0023] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0024] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0025] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0026] R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN,
NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR,
NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR;
[0027] R.sub.3 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR,
CF.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to
which it is attached forms a fused ring system represented by the
structure: 4
[0028] n is an integer of 1-4; and
[0029] m is an integer of 1-3.
[0030] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula I, or any combination thereof.
[0031] In one embodiment, G in compound I is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound I is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound I is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound I is
CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound I is NO.sub.2. In
another embodiment, Z in compound I is CN. In another embodiment, Y
in compound I is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q in compound I
is NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q in compound I is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q in compound I is in the
para position. In another embodiment, Z in compound I is in the
para position. In another embodiment, Y in compound I is in the
meta position.
[0032] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula II:
5
[0033] wherein
[0034] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0035] G is O or S;
[0036] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0037] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0038] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0039] A is a ring selected from: 6
[0040] B is a ring selected from: 7
[0041] wherein A and B cannot simultaneously be a benzene ring;
[0042] Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR.sub.3 or SnR.sub.3;
[0043] one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F,
Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3,
SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0044] A is F, Cl, Br or I
[0045] Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN
CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR,
NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R, SR, 8
[0046] Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently of each other a
hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3,
NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR,
OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR;
[0047] W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and
[0048] W.sub.2 is N or NO.
[0049] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula II, or any combination thereof.
[0050] In one embodiment, G in compound II is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound II is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound II is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound II is
CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound II is NO.sub.2. In
another embodiment, Z in compound II is CN. In another embodiment,
Y in compound II is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is NHCOCH.sub.2Br In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is in the para position. In another embodiment, Z in
compound II is in the para position. In another embodiment, Y in
compound II is in the meta position.
[0051] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula III:
9
[0052] wherein
[0053] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0054] G is O or S;
[0055] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0056] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0057] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0058] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0059] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; and
[0060] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3.
[0061] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula III, or any combination thereof.
[0062] In one embodiment, G in compound III is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound III is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound III is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound III
is CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound III is NO.sub.2.
In another embodiment, Z in compound III is CN. In another
embodiment, Y in compound III is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q
in compound III is NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q in
compound III is NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q in
compound III is in the para position. In another embodiment, Z in
compound III is in the para position. In another embodiment, Y in
compound III is in the meta position. In another embodiment, G in
compound III is O, T is OH, R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, X is O, Z is
NO.sub.2, Y is CF.sub.3, and Q is NCS.
[0063] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula IV:
10
[0064] wherein
[0065] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0066] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0067] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0068] A is F, Cl, Br or I; and
[0069] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH.
[0070] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula IV, or any combination thereof.
[0071] In one embodiment, X in compound IV is O. In another
embodiment, Z in compound IV is NO.sub.2. In another embodiment, Z
in compound IV is CN. In another embodiment, Y in compound IV is
CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q in compound IV is
NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q in compound IV is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br.
[0072] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a
composition comprising the anti-cancer compound of any of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof.
[0073] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-cancer compound of
any of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer,
metabolite, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof and a
suitable carrier or diluent.
[0074] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of treating a subject, suffering from cancer,
comprising the step of administering to the subject the anti-cancer
compound of any of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative,
isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to treat cancer in the subject.
[0075] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of preventing cancer in a subject, comprising the step of
administering to the subject the anti-cancer compound of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to prevent cancer in the
subject.
[0076] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of delaying the progression of cancer in a
subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of administering
to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to delay the progression of cancer
in the subject.
[0077] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a
subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of administering
to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to prevent the recurrence of cancer
in the subject.
[0078] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of treating the recurrence of cancer in a subject suffering
from cancer, comprising the step of administering to the subject
the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas I-IV and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to treat the recurrence of cancer in the subject.
[0079] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence of
cancer in a subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of
administering to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any
of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to suppress, inhibit or reduce the
incidence of cancer in the subject.
[0080] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of irreversibly binding an anti-cancer compound
to a cellular component, comprising the step of contacting a cell
comprising the cellular component with the anti-cancer compound of
any of any of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer,
metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical
product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal,
or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to irreversibly
bind the anti-cancer compound to the cellular component.
[0081] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of alkylating a cellular component, comprising
the step of contacting a cell comprising the cellular component
with the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas I-IV and/or
its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide,
impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof,
in an amount effective to alkylate the cellular component.
[0082] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell, comprising the step
of contacting the cell with the anti-cancer compound of any of any
of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in the cancer
cell.
[0083] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula I: 11
[0084] wherein
[0085] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0086] G is O or S;
[0087] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOR, or 12
[0088] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0089] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, 13
[0090] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0091] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0092] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0093] R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN,
NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR,
NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR;
[0094] R.sub.3 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR,
CF.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to
which it is attached forms a fused ring system represented by the
structure: 14
[0095] n is an integer of 1-4; and
[0096] m is an integer of 1-3;
[0097] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula VIII: 15
[0098] wherein Z, Y, G, R.sub.1, T, R.sub.3 and m are as defined
above and L is a leaving group, with a compound of formula IX:
16
[0099] wherein Q, X R.sub.2 and n are as defined above.
[0100] In one embodiment, the process further comprises the step of
converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0101] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula II: 17
[0102] wherein
[0103] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0104] G is O or S;
[0105] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0106] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0107] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0108] A is a ring selected from: 18
[0109] B is a ring selected from: 19
[0110] wherein A and B cannot simultaneously be a benzene ring;
[0111] Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR.sub.3 or SnR.sub.3;
[0112] one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F,
Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3,
SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0113] A is F, Cl, Br or I
[0114] Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN
CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR,
NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R, SR, 20
[0115] Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently of each other a
hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3,
NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR,
OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR;
[0116] W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and
[0117] W.sub.2 is N or NO;
[0118] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula XIII: 21
[0119] wherein A, G, R.sub.1 and T are as defmed above and L is a
leaving group, with a compound of formula HX-B wherein B and X are
as defined above.
[0120] In one embodiment, the process further comprises the step of
converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0121] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula III: 22
[0122] wherein
[0123] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0124] G is O or S;
[0125] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOR, or 23
[0126] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0127] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2, 24
[0128] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0129] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; and
[0130] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0131] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula XIV: 25
[0132] wherein Z, Y, G R.sub.1 and T are as defined above and L is
a leaving group, with a compound of formula XV: 26
[0133] wherein Q and X are as defined above.
[0134] In one embodiment, the process further comprises the step of
converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0135] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula IV: 27
[0136] wherein
[0137] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0138] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0139] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0140] A is F, Cl, Br or I; and
[0141] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0142] the process comprising the step of coupling an amide of
formula XVII: 28
[0143] wherein Z and Y are as defined above and L is a leaving
group, with a compound of formula XVIII: 29
[0144] wherein Q and X R.sub.2 are as defined above.
[0145] In one embodiment, the process further comprises the step of
purifying the anti-cancer compound using a mixture of ethanol and
water. In another embodiment, the process further comprises the
step of converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0146] The novel anti-cancer compounds of the present invention,
either alone or as a pharmaceutical composition, are useful for a)
treating cancer in a subject; b) preventing cancer in a subject; c)
delaying the progression of cancer in a subject; d) treating the
recurrence of cancer in a subject; e) preventing the recurrence of
cancer in a subject; f) suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the
incidence of cancer in a subject; and/or g) inducing apoptosis in a
cancer cell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0147] The present invention will be understood and appreciated
more fully from the following detailed description taken in
conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
[0148] FIG. 1A: Cytotoxicity of Compound A (bromoacetemido
substituted) in different cell lines.
[0149] FIG. 1B: Cytotoxicity of Compound B (chlorocetemido
substituted) in different cell lines:
[0150] FIG. 1C: Cytotoxicity of compound S-NTBA in different cell
lines.
[0151] FIG. 2A: Growth Curve: Effect of Compound A (bromoacetamido
substituted) on growth of different cell lines.
[0152] FIG. 2B: Growth Curve: Effect of Compound B (chloroacetamido
substituted) on growth of different cell lines.
[0153] FIG. 3A, B: Tunnel Assay: Top panel: LNCaP cells exposed to
Compound A for 24 hours. Bottom Panel: 0.1% vehicle control.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0154] The present invention relates to a novel class of
anti-cancer compounds, which contain a haloacetamide or azide
moiety and are, in one embodiment, alkylating agents. The compounds
of the present invention, either alone or in a composition, are
useful for treating cancer, preventing cancer, delaying the
progression of cancer, treating and/or preventing the recurrence of
cancer, suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence of
cancer, or inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell. Accordingly, the
present invention provides a) methods of treating cancer in a
subject; b) methods of preventing cancer in a subject; c) methods
of delaying the progression of cancer in a subject; d) methods of
treating the recurrence of cancer in a subject; e) methods of
preventing the recurrence of cancer in a subject; f) methods of
suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence of cancer in a
subject; and g) methods of inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell; by
administering to the subject an anti-cancer compound of the present
invention or an analog or metabolite thereof, its N-oxide, ester,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or any combination
thereof as described herein.
[0155] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula I:
30
[0156] wherein
[0157] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0158] G is O or S;
[0159] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOR. 31
[0160] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0161] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2, 32
[0162] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0163] R is allcyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl,
CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl,
halogen, alkenyl or OH;
[0164] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0165] R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN,
NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR,
NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR;
[0166] R.sub.3 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR,
CF.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to
which it is attached forms a fused ring system represented by the
structure: 33
[0167] n is an integer of 1-4; and
[0168] m is an integer of 1-3.
[0169] In one embodiment, this invention provides an analog of the
compound of formula I. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a derivative of the compound of formula I. In another
embodiment, this invention provides an isomer of the compound of
formula I. In another embodiment, this invention provides a
metabolite of the compound of formula I. In another embodiment,
this invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the
compound of formula I. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a pharmaceutical product of the compound of formula I. In
another embodiment, this invention provides a hydrate of the
compound of formula I. In another embodiment, this invention
provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula I. In another
embodiment, this invention provides a combination of any of an
analog, derivative, metabolite, isomer, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula I.
[0170] In one embodiment, G in compound I is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound I is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound I is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound I is
CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound I is NO.sub.2. In
another embodiment, Z in compound I is CN. In another embodiment, Y
in compound I is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q in compound I
is NHCOCH.sub.2CI. In another embodiment, Q in compound I is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q in compound I is N.sub.3.
In another embodiment, Q in compound I is in the para position. In
another embodiment, Z in compound I is in the para position. In
another embodiment, Y in compound I is in the meta position.
[0171] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula II:
34
[0172] wherein
[0173] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0174] G is O or S;
[0175] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0176] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0177] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0178] A is a ring selected from: 35
[0179] B is a ring selected from: 36
[0180] wherein A and B cannot simultaneously be a benzene ring;
[0181] Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR.sub.3 or SnR.sub.3;
[0182] one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F,
Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3,
SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0183] A is F,Cl, Br or I
[0184] Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN
CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR,
NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R, SR, 37
[0185] Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently of each other a
hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3,
NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR,
OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR;
[0186] W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and
[0187] W.sub.2is N or NO.
[0188] In one embodiment, this invention provides an analog of the
compound of formula II. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a derivative of the compound of formula II. In another
embodiment, this invention provides an isomer of the compound of
formula II. In another embodiment, this invention provides a
metabolite of the compound of formula II. In another embodiment,
this invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the
compound of formula E. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a pharmaceutical product of the compound of formula II. In
another embodiment, this invention provides a hydrate of the
compound of formula II. In another embodiment, this invention
provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula II. In another
embodiment, this invention provides a combination of any of an
analog, derivative, metabolite, isomer, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula II.
[0189] In one embodiment, G in compound II is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound II is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound II is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound II is
CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound II is NO.sub.2. In
another embodiment, Z in compound II is CN. In another embodiment,
Y in compound II is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in
compound II is N.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q.sub.1 in compound
II is in the para position. In another embodiment, Z in compound II
is in the para position. In another embodiment, Y in compound II is
in the meta position.
[0190] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula III:
38
[0191] wherein
[0192] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0193] G is O or S;
[0194] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0195] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0196] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0197] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0198] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; and
[0199] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3.
[0200] In one embodiment, G in compound III is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound III is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound III is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound III
is CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound III is NO.sub.2.
In another embodiment, Z in compound III is CN. In another
embodiment, Y in compound III is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q
in compound III is NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q in
compound III is NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q in
compound III is N.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q in compound III
is in the para position. In another embodiment, Z in compound III
is in the para position. In another embodiment, Y in compound III
is in the meta position. In another embodiment, G in compound III
is O, T is OH, R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, X is O, Z is NO.sub.2, Y is
CF.sub.3, and Q is NCS.
[0201] In one embodiment, G in compound III is O. In another
embodiment, X in compound III is O. In another embodiment, T in
compound III is OH. In another embodiment, R.sub.1 in compound III
is CH.sub.3. In another embodiment, Z in compound III is NO.sub.2.
In another embodiment, Z in compound III is CN. In another
embodiment, Y in compound III is CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q
in compound III is NCS. In another embodiment, Q in compound III is
in the para position. In another embodiment, Z in compound III is
in the para position. In another embodiment, Y in compound III is
in the meta position. In another embodiment, G in compound III is
O, T is OH, R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, X is O, Z is NO.sub.2, Y is
CF.sub.3, and Q is NCS.
[0202] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
anti-cancer compound represented by the structure of formula IV:
39
[0203] wherein
[0204] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0205] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0206] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0207] A is F, Cl, Br or I; and
[0208] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH.
[0209] In one embodiment, this invention provides an analog of the
compound of formula IV. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a derivative of the compound of formula IV. In another
embodiment, this invention provides an isomer of the compound of
formula IV. In another embodiment, this invention provides a
metabolite of the compound of formula IV. In another embodiment,
this invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the
compound of formula IV. In another embodiment, this invention
provides a pharmaceutical product of the compound of formula IV. In
another embodiment, this invention provides a hydrate of the
compound of formula IV. In another embodiment, this invention
provides an N-oxide of the compound of formula IV. In another
embodiment, this invention provides a combination of any of an
analog, derivative, metabolite, isomer, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate or N-oxide of the compound of
formula IV.
[0210] In one embodiment, X in compound IV is O. In another
embodiment, Z in compound IV is NO.sub.2. In another embodiment, Z
in compound IV is CN. In another embodiment, Y in compound IV is
CF.sub.3. In another embodiment, Q in compound. IV is
NHCOCH.sub.2Cl. In another embodiment, Q in compound IV is
NHCOCH.sub.2Br. In another embodiment, Q in compound IV is
N.sub.3.
[0211] The substituent R is defined herein as an alkyl, haloalkyl,
dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CF.sub.2CF.sub.3; aryl, phenyl, halogen, alkenyl, or hydroxyl
(OH).
[0212] An "alkyl" group refers to a saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon, including straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic
alkyl groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has 1-12 carbons.
In another embodiment, the alkyl group has 1-7 carbons. In another
embodiment, the alkyl group has 1-6 carbons. In another embodiment,
the alkyl group; has 1-4 carbons. The alkyl group may be
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more groups selected from
halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy carbonyl, amido, alkylamido, dialkylamido,
nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, carboxyl, thio and
thioalkyl.
[0213] A "haloalkyl" group refers to an alkyl group as defined
above, which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms, e.g. by
F, Cl, Br or I.
[0214] An "aryl" group refers to an aromatic group having at least
one carbocyclic aromatic group or heterocyclic aromatic group,
which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more groups
selected from halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy carbonyl, amido,
alkylamido, dialkylamido, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
carboxy or thio or thioalkyl. Nonlimiting examples of aryl rings
are phenyl, naphthyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl,
isoxazolyl, and the like.
[0215] A "hydroxyl" group refers to an OH group. An "alkenyl" group
refers to a group having at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
A halo group refers to F, Cl, Br or I.
[0216] An "arylalkyl" group refers to an alkyl bound to an aryl,
wherein alkyl and aryl are as defined above. An example of an
aralkyl group is a benzyl group.
[0217] As contemplated herein, the present invention relates to the
use of an anti-cancer compound and/or its analog, derivative,
isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of an analog of
the anti-cancer compound. In another embodiment, the invention
relates to the use of a derivative of the anti-cancer compound. In
another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of an isomer
of the anti-cancer compound. In another embodiment, the invention
relates to the use of a metabolite of the anti-cancer compound. In
another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the anti-cancer compound. In
another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a
pharmaceutical product of the anti-cancer compound. In another
embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a hydrate of the
anti-cancer compound. In another embodiment, the invention relates
to the use of an N-oxide of the anti-cancer compound. In another
embodiment, the invention relates to the use of any of a
combination of an analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
or N-oxide of the anti-cancer compounds of the present
invention.
[0218] As defined herein, the term "isomer" includes, but is not
limited to, optical isomers and analogs, structural isomers and
analogs, conformational isomers and analogs, and the like.
[0219] In one embodiment, this invention encompasses the use of
various optical isomers of the anti-cancer compound. It will be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that the anti-cancer
compounds of the present invention contain at least one chiral
center. Accordingly, the anti-cancer compounds used in the methods
of the present invention may exist in, and be isolated in,
optically-active or racemic forms. Some compounds may also exhibit
polymorphism. It is to be understood that the present invention
encompasses any racemic, optically-active, polymorphic, or
stereroisomeric form, or mixtures thereof, which form possesses
properties useful in the treatment of cancer as described herein.
In one embodiment, the anti-cancer compounds are the pure
(R)-isomers. In another embodiment, the anti-cancer compounds are
the pure (S)-isomers. In another embodiment, the anti-cancer
compounds are a mixture of the (R) and the (S) isomers. In another
embodiment, the anti-cancer compounds are a racemic mixture
comprising an equal amount of the (R) and the (S) isomers. It is
well known in the art how to prepare optically-active forms (for
example, by resolution of the racemic form by recrystallization
techniques, by synthesis from optically-active starting materials,
by chiral synthesis, or by chromatographic separation using a
chiral stationary phase).
[0220] The invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of
amino-substituted compounds with organic and inorganic acids, for
example, citric acid and hydrochloric acid. The invention also
includes N-oxides of the amino substituents of the compounds
described herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can also be
prepared from the phenolic compounds by treatment with inorganic
bases, for example, sodium hydroxide. Also, esters of the phenolic
compounds can be made with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids,
for example, acetic acid and benzoic acid esters.
[0221] This invention further includes derivatives of the
anti-cancer compounds. The term "derivatives" includes but is not
limited to ether derivatives, acid derivatives, amide derivatives,
ester derivatives and the like. In addition, this invention further
includes hydrates of the anti-cancer compounds. The term "hydrate"
includes but is not limited to hemihydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate,
trihydrate and the like.
[0222] This invention further includes metabolites of the
anti-cancer compounds. The term "metabolite" means any substance
produced from another substance by metabolism or a metabolic
process.
[0223] This invention further includes pharmaceutical products of
the anti-cancer compounds. The term "pharmaceutical product" means
a composition suitable for pharmaceutical use (pharmaceutical
composition), as defined herein.
[0224] This invention further includes prodrugs of the anti-cancer
compounds. The term "prodrug" means a substance which can be
converted in-vivo into a biologically active agent by such
reactions as hydrolysis, esterification, desterification,
activation, salt formation and the like.
[0225] This invention further includes crystals of the anti-cancer
compounds. Furthermore, this invention provides polymorphs of the
anti-cancer compounds. The term "crystal" means a substance in a
crystalline state. The term "polymorph" refers to a particular
crystalline state of a substance, having particular physical
properties such as X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, melting point,
and the like.
[0226] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
process for preparing the anti-cancer compounds of the present
invention.
[0227] The process of the present invention is suitable for
large-scale preparation, since all of the steps give rise to highly
pure compounds, thus avoiding complicated purification procedures
that ultimately lower the yield. Thus the present invention
provides methods for the synthesis of non-steroidal agonist
compounds that can be used for industrial large-scale synthesis and
that provide highly pure products in high yield.
[0228] Thus, in another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula I: 40
[0229] wherein
[0230] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0231] G is O or S;
[0232] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0233] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0234] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0235] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0236] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0237] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0238] R.sub.2 is F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, CN,
NO.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, alkyl, arylalkyl, OR,
NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, SR;
[0239] R.sub.3 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, COR, COOH, CONHR,
CF.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, or R.sub.3 together with the benzene ring to
which it is attached forms a fused ring system represented by the
structure: 41
[0240] n is an integer of 1-4; and
[0241] m is an integer of 1-3;
[0242] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula VIII: 42
[0243] wherein Z, Y, G, R.sub.1, T, R.sub.3 and m are as defined
above and L is a leaving group, with a compound of formula IX:
43
[0244] wherein Q, X R.sub.2 and n are as defined above.
[0245] In one embodiment, the coupling step is carried out in the
presence of a base. In another embodiment, the leaving group L is
Br. In another embodiment, the compound of formula VIII is prepared
by
[0246] a. preparing a compound of formula X by ring opening of a
cyclic compound of formula XI 44
[0247] wherein L, R.sub.1, G and T are as defined above, and
T.sub.1 is O or NH; and
[0248] b. reacting an amine of formula XII: 45
[0249] wherein Z, Y, R.sub.3 and m are as defined above, with the
compound of formula X, in the presence of a coupling reagent, to
produce the compound of formula VIII. 46
[0250] In one embodiment, step (a) is carried out in the presence
of HBr. In another embodiment, the process further comprises the
step of converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0251] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula II: 47
[0252] wherein
[0253] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0254] G is O or S;
[0255] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0256] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0257] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CBF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0258] A is a ring selected from: 48
[0259] B is a ring selected from: 49
[0260] wherein A and B cannot simultaneously be a benzene ring;
[0261] Y is CF.sub.3, F, I, Br, Cl, CN CR.sub.3 or SnR.sub.3;
[0262] one of Z or Q.sub.1 is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F,
Cl, Br or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3,
SO.sub.2F, N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A,
NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0263] A is F, Cl, Br or I
[0264] Q.sub.2 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN
CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3, NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR,
NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R, SR, 50
[0265] Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are independently of each other a
hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, CF.sub.3, CN CR.sub.3, SnR.sub.3,
NR.sub.2, NHCOCH.sub.3, NHCOCF.sub.3, NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR,
OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH.sub.3, NHCSCF.sub.3, NHCSR
NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.3, NHSO.sub.2R, OR, COR, OCOR, OSO.sub.2R,
SO.sub.2R or SR;
[0266] W.sub.1 is O, NH, NR, NO or S; and
[0267] W.sub.2is N or NO;
[0268] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula XIII: 51
[0269] wherein A, G, R.sub.1 and T are as defined above and L is a
leaving group, with a compound of formula HX-B wherein B and X are
as defined above.
[0270] In one embodiment, the coupling step is carried out in the
presence of a base. In another embodiment, the leaving group L is
Br. In another embodiment, the compound of formula XIII is prepared
by
[0271] a. preparing a compound formula X by ring opening of a
cyclic compound of formula XI 52
[0272] wherein L, R.sub.1, G and T are as defined above, and
T.sub.1 is O or NH; and
[0273] b. reacting an amine of formula A-NH.sub.2 wherein A is as
defined above, with the compound of formula X in the presence of a
coupling reagent, to produce the amide of formula XIII. 53
[0274] In one embodiment, step (a) is carried out in the presence
of HBr. In another embodiment, the process further comprises the
step of converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0275] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula III: 54
[0276] wherein
[0277] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0278] G is O or S;
[0279] T is OH, OR, --NHCOCH.sub.3, or NHCOR;
[0280] Y is CF.sub.3, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0281] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0282] A is F, Cl, Br or I;
[0283] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH; and
[0284] R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, or CF.sub.2CF.sub.3;
[0285] the process comprising the step of coupling a compound of
formula XIV: 55
[0286] wherein Z, Y, G R.sub.1 and T are as defined above and L is
a leaving group, with a compound of formula XV: 56
[0287] wherein Q and X are as defined above.
[0288] In one embodiment, the coupling step is carried out in the
presence of a base. In another embodiment, the leaving group L is
Br. In another embodiment, the compound of formula XIV is prepared
by
[0289] a. preparing a compound formula X by ring opening of a
cyclic compound of formula XI 57
[0290] wherein L, R.sub.1, and T are as defined above, G is O and
T, is O or NH; and
[0291] b. reacting an amine of formula XVI 58
[0292] with the compound of formula X in the presence of a coupling
reagent, to produce the compound of formula XIV. 59
[0293] In one embodiment, step (a) is carried out in the presence
of HBr. In another embodiment, the process further comprises the
step of converting the anti-cancer compound to its analog, isomer,
metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0294] In another embodiment, the present invention provides
process for preparing an anti-cancer compound represented by the
structure of formula IV: 60
[0295] wherein
[0296] X is a bond, O, CH.sub.2, NH, S, SO, SO.sub.2, Se, PR, NO or
NR;
[0297] Y is CF.sub.3 F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or SnR.sub.3;
[0298] one of Z or Q is NO.sub.2, CN, COR, COOH, CONHR, F, Cl, Br
or I, and the other is NCS, NHCOCH.sub.2A, N.sub.3, SO.sub.2F,
N(OH)COR, CONHOH, NHSO.sub.2CH.sub.2A, NHCOCH.dbd.CH.sub.2;
[0299] A is F, Cl, Br or I; and
[0300] R is alkyl, haloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, CH.sub.2F,
CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CF.sub.2CF.sub.3, aryl, phenyl, halogen,
alkenyl or OH;
[0301] the process comprising the step of coupling an amide of
formula XVII: 61
[0302] wherein Z and Y are as defined above and L is a leaving
group, with a compound of formula XVIII: 62
[0303] wherein Q and X R.sub.2 are as defined above.
[0304] In one embodiment, the coupling step is carried out in the
presence of a base. In another embodiment, the leaving group L is
Br. In another embodiment, the compound of formula XVII is prepared
by
[0305] a. preparing a compound formula X by ring opening of a
cyclic compound of formula XI 63
[0306] wherein L, R.sub.1, and T are as defined above, G is O and
T, is O or NH; and
[0307] b. reacting an amine of formula XVIX 64
[0308] with the compound of formula X in the presence of a coupling
reagent, to produce the compound of formula XVII. 65
[0309] In one embodiment, step (a) is carried out in the presence
of HBr. In another embodiment, the process further comprises the
step of purifying the anti-cancer compound using a mixture of
ethanol and water. In another embodiment, the process further
comprises the step of converting the anti-cancer compound to its
analog, isomer, metabolite, derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, N-oxide, hydrate or any combination
thereof.
[0310] As demonstrated herein, Applicants have found that when the
purification step of the anti-cancer compounds is carried out in
the presence of a nontoxic organic solvent and water, such as
ethanol and water, for example by recrystallization, a highly pure
product with excellent crystal stability is obtained in high
yields. In addition, the use of a nontoxic organic solvent/water
for purification is safe and cheap, and avoids any biological
hazards that may arise from the use of toxic organic solvents such
as hexane. In one embodiment, the nontoxic organic solvent is
ethanol.
[0311] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a
synthetic process for preparing the anti-cancer compounds described
herein, which involves a purification step comprising
crystallization of the anti-cancer product using a mixture of a
nontoxic organic solvent and water. In one embodiment, the nontoxic
organic solvent is ethanol. In a particular embodiment, the
crystallization step comprises mixing an ethanol solution
comprising the anti-cancer compound with water, so as to
crystallize the anti-cancer compound. In a further embodiment, the
process further comprises the step of collecting the anti-cancer
compound by filtration.
[0312] The process of the present invention is suitable for
large-scale preparation, since all of the steps give rise to highly
pure compounds, thus avoiding complicated purification procedures
that ultimately lower the yield. Thus the present invention
provides methods for the synthesis of the anti-cancer compounds of
the present invention that can be used for industrial large-scale
synthesis and that provide highly pure products in high yield. In
addition, the methods described by the present invention utilize
safe, environmentally friendly and cheap reagents and purification
steps, thus avoiding any undesirable toxicological issues that may
arise from the use of toxic, environmentally unfriendly or
biologically unstable reagents.
[0313] It should be apparent to a person skilled in the art that
any nontoxic organic solvent is suitable in the methods of the
present invention, for example alcohols such as methanol or
ethanol, aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylene, DMSO, THF,
cyclohexane and the like.
[0314] In one embodiment, the nontoxic organic solvent is ethanol.
Any grade and purity level of ethanol is suitable. In one
embodiment, the ethanol is neat ethanol. In another embodiment, the
ethanol is an ethanol solution that contains denaturants, such as
toluene, methanol and the like.
[0315] It is understood by a person skilled in the art that when
T.sub.1 is O or NH, T is compound VIII is O or NH.sub.2. Thus, when
T in compound I is OR, the reaction will involve a further step of
converting the OH to OR by a reaction with, for example, an alkyl
halide R--X. When T in compound I is NHCOR, NHCOCH.sub.3, the
reaction will involve a further step of converting the NH.sub.2 to
NHCOR orNHCOCH.sub.3, by a reaction with, for example, the
corresponding acyl chloride ClCOR or ClCOCH.sub.3.
[0316] In one embodiment, the coupling step defined hereinabove is
carried out in the presence of a base. Any suitable base that will
deprotonate the hydrogen of the --XH moiety (for example, a phenol
moiety when X is O) and allow the coupling may be used. Nonlimiting
examples of bases are carbonates such as alkali carbonates, for
example sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3), potassium carbonate
(K.sub.2CO.sub.3) and cesium carbonate (Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3);
bicarbonates such as alkali metal bicarbonates, for example sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO.sub.3),
alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride (NaH), potassium
hydride (KH) and lithium hydride (LiH), and the like.
[0317] The leaving group L is defined herein as any removable group
customarily considered for chemical reactions, as will be known to
the person skilled in the art. Suitable leaving groups are
halogens, for example F, Cl, Br and I; alkyl sulfonate esters
(--OSO.sub.2R) wherein R is an alkyl group, for example
methanesulfonate (mesylate), trifluoromethanesulfonate,
ethanesulfonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonat- e, perfluoro
butanesulfonate; aryl sulfonate esters (--OSO.sub.2Ar) wherein Ar
is an aryl group, for example p-toluoylsulfonate (tosylate),
benzenesulphonate which may be unsubstituted or substituted by
methyl, chlorine, bromine, nitro and the like; NO.sub.3, NO.sub.2,
or sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, phosphite, carboxylate, imino
ester, N.sub.2 or carbamate.
[0318] The reaction is conveniently carried out in a suitable inert
solvent or diluent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl
ether, aromatic amines such as pyridine; aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene;
diimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and
dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The reaction is suitably carried out at a
temperature in the range of, for example, -20 to 120 C., for
example at or near ambient temperature.
[0319] The coupling reagent defined hereinabove is a reagent
capable of turning the carboxylic acid/thiocarboxylic acid of
formula X into a reactive derivative thereof, thus enabling
coupling with the respective amine amine to form an amide/thioamide
bond. A suitable reactive derivative of a carboxylic
acid/thiocarboxylic acid is, for example, an acyl halide/thioacyl
halide, for example an acyl/thioacyl chloride formed by the
reaction of the acid/thioacid and an inorganic acid chloride, for
example thionyl chloride; a mixed anhydride, for example an
anhydride formed by the reaction of the acid and a chloroformate
such as isobutyl chloroformate; an active ester/thioester, for
example an ester/thioester formed by the reaction of the
acid/thioacid and a phenol, an ester/thioester or an alcohol such
as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or
N-hydroxybenzotriazole; an acyl/thioacyl azide, for example an
azide formed by the reaction of the acid/thioacid and azide such as
diphenylphosphoryl azide; an acyl cyanide/thioacyl cyanide, for
example a cyanide formed by the reaction of an acid and a cyanide
such as diethylphosphoryl cyanide; or the product of the reaction
of the acid/thioacid and a carbodiimide such as
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
[0320] The reaction is conveniently carried out in a suitable inert
solvent or diluent as described hereinabove, suitably in the
presence of a base such as triethylamine, and at a temperature in
the range, as described above.
[0321] Biological Effects of the Anti-Cancer Agents
[0322] As contemplated herein, the compounds of the present
invention are effective, either alone or in a composition, are
useful for treating cancer, preventing cancer, delaying the
progression of cancer, treating and/or preventing the recurrence of
cancer, suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence of
cancer, or inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell.
[0323] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of treating a subject suffering from cancer,
comprising the step of administering to the subject the anti-cancer
compound of any of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative,
isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to treat cancer in the subject.
[0324] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of preventing cancer in a subject, comprising the step of
administering to the subject the anti-cancer compound of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to prevent cancer in the
subject.
[0325] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of delaying the progression of cancer in a
subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of administering
to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to delay the progression of cancer
in the subject.
[0326] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of preventing the recurrence of cancer in a
subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of administering
to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas
I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to prevent the recurrence of cancer
in the subject.
[0327] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of treating the recurrence of cancer in a subject suffering
from cancer, comprising the step of administering to the subject
the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas I-IV and/or its
analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug,
polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof, in an amount
effective to treat the recurrence of cancer in the subject.
[0328] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of suppressing, inhibiting or reducing the incidence of
cancer in a subject suffering from cancer, comprising the step of
administering to the subject the anti-cancer compound of any of any
of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to suppress, inhibit or reduce the
incidence of cancer in the subject.
[0329] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of irreversibly binding an anti-cancer compound
to a cellular component, comprising the step of contacting a cell
comprising the cellular component with the anti-cancer compound of
any of any of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer,
metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical
product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal,
or any combination thereof, in an amount effective to irreversibly
bind the anti-cancer compound to the cellular component.
[0330] In another embodiment, the present invention further
provides a method of alkylating a cellular component, comprising
the step of contacting a cell comprising the cellular component
with the anti-cancer compound of any of any of formulas I-IV and/or
its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide,
impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof,
in an amount effective to alkylate the cellular component.
[0331] As used herein, the term "cancer" is interchangeable with
the terms malignancy, malignant or neoplasm, and refers to a
disease of cells characterized by an abnormal growth of cells that
tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to
metastasize. Cancer is a disorder in which a population of cells
has become, in varying degrees, unresponsive to the control
mechanisms that normally govern proliferation and differentiation.
Cancer refers to various types of malignant neoplasms and tumors,
including metastasis to different sites.
[0332] Nonlimiting examples of cancers that can be treated with the
anti-cancer compounds of the present invention are adenocarcinoma,
adrenal gland tumor, ameloblastoma, anaplastic tumor, anaplastic
carcinoma of the thyroid cell, angiofibroma, angioma, angiosarcoma,
apudoma, argentaffinoma, arrhenoblastoma, ascites tumor cell,
ascitic tumor, astroblastoma, astrocytoma, ataxia-telangiectasia,
atrial myxoma, basal cell carcinoma, benign tumor, bone cancer,
bone tumor, brainstem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, Burkitt's
lymphoma, carcinoma, cerebellar astrocytoma, cervical cancer,
cherry angioma, cholangiocarcinoma, a cholangioma, chondroblastoma,
chondroma, chonidrosarcoma, chorioblastoma, choriocarcinoma, colon
cancer, common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, craniopharyngioma,
cystocarcinoma, cystofibroma, cystoma, cytoma, ductal carcinoma in
situ, ductal, papilloma, dysgerminoma, encephaloma, endometrial
carcinoma, endothelioma, ependymoma, epithelioma, erythroleukaemia,
Ewing's sarcoma, extra nodal lymphoma, feline sarcoma,
fibroadenoma, fibrosarcoma, follicular cancer of the thyroid,
ganglioglioma, gastrinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma,
gonadoblastoma; haemangioblastoma, haemangioendothelioblastoma,
haemangioendothelioma, haemangiopericytoma, haematolymphangioma,
haemocytoblastoma, haemocytoma, hairy cell leukaemia, hamartoma,
hepatocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, histoma,
Hodgkin's disease, hypemephroma, infiltrating cancer, infiltrating
ductal cell carcinoma, insulinoma, juvenile angiofibroma, Kaposi
sarcoma, kidney tumour, large cell lymphoma, leukemia, chronic
leukemia, acute leukemia, lipoma, liver cancer, liver metastases,
Lucke carcinoma, lymphadenoma, lymphangioma, lymphocytic leukaemia,
lymphocytic lymphoma, lymphocytoma, lymphoedema, lymphoma, lung
cancer, malignant mesothelioma, malignant teratoma, mastocytoma,
medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, mesothelioma, metastatic
cancer, Morton's neuroma, multiple myeloma, myeloblastoma, myeloid
leukemia, myelolipoma, myeloma, myoblastoma, myxoma, nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma,
neurofibromatosis, neuroglioma, neuroma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
oligodendroglioma, optic glioma, osteochondroma, osteogenic
sarcoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Paget's disease of the
nipple, pancoast tumor, pancreatic cancer, phaeochromocytoma,
pheochromocytoma, plasmacytoma, primary brain tumor, progonoma,
prolactinoma, prostate cancer, prostate carcinogenesis,
pre-malignant lesions of prostate cancer, prostate intraepithelial
neoplasia (PIN), high prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN),
renal cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma,
rhabdosarcoma, solid tumor, sarcoma, secondary tumor, seminoma,
skin cancer, small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma,
strawberry haemangioma, T-cell lymphoma, teratoma, testicular
cancer, thymoma, trophoblastic tumor, tumourigenic, vestibular
schwannoma, Wilm's tumor, or a combination thereof.
[0333] A "cancer cell" is defined herein as a neoplastic cell, a
pre-malignant cell, a metastatic cell, a malignant cell, a tumor
cell, an oncogenic cell, a cell with a cancer genotype, a cell of
malignant phenotype, a cell with a malignant genotype, a cell
displaying cancer-associated metabolic atypia, an oncogene
transfected cell, a virus-transformed cell, a cell that expresses a
marker for an oncogene, a cell that expresses a marker for cancer,
or a combination thereof.
[0334] The compounds of the present invention contain a functional
group (e.g. haloacetamide or azide), which promotes irreversible
binding to biological targets, i.e. covalent bond formation with
cellular components. Thus, in one embodiment, the compounds are
alkylating agents, which bind irreversibly to biological targets
such as nucleic acids and proteins.
[0335] An "alkylating agent" is defined herein as an agent that
alkylates (forms a covalent bond) with a cellular component, such
as protein, DNA, RNA or enzyme. It is a highly reactive chemical
that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules
and thereby prevents their proper functioning. The alkylating
moiety is an electrophilic group that interacts with nucleophilic
moieties in cellular components. For example, in one embodiment, an
alkylating group is an isocyanate moiety, an electrophilic group
that forms covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups (N, O, S etc.)
in cellular components. In another embodiment, an alkylating group
is an isothiocyanate moiety, another electrophilic group that forms
covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups (N, O, S etc.) in cellular
components. In another embodiment, an alkylating group is a
haloalkyl (CH.sub.2Hal wherein Hal is halogen), an electrophilic
group that forms covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups in
cellular components. In another embodiment, an alkylating group is
a haloalkyl-amido (NHCOCH.sub.2X wherein X is halogen), an
electrophilic group that forms covalent bonds with nucleophilic
groups in cellular components. In another embodiment, the
alkylating group is an azide, also an electrophilic group that
forms covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups in cellular
components.
[0336] A "cellular component" is defined herein as any
intracellular, extracellular, or membrane bound component found in
a cell.
[0337] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of inducing apoptosis in a cancer cell, comprising the step
of contacting the cell with the anti-cancer compound of any of any
of formulas I-IV and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof, in an amount effective to induce apoptosis in the cancer
cell.
[0338] As defined herein, "apoptosis", or programmed cell death, is
a form of cell death in which a programmed sequence of events leads
to the elimination of cells without releasing harmful substances
into the surrounding area. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in
developing and maintaining health by eliminating old cells,
unnecessary cells, and unhealthy cells.
[0339] As defined herein, "contacting" means that the anti-cancer
compound of the present invention is introduced into a sample
containing the enzyme in a test tube, flask, tissue culture, chip,
array, plate, microplate, capillary, or the like, and incubated at
a temperature and time sufficient to permit binding of the
anti-cancer compound to the enzyme. Methods for contacting the
samples with the anti-cancer compound or other specific binding
components are known to those skilled in the art and may be
selected depending on the type of assay protocol to be run.
Incubation methods are also standard and are known to those skilled
in the art.
[0340] In another embodiment, the term "contacting" means that the
anti-cancer compound of the present invention is introduced into a
subject receiving treatment, and the anti-cancer compound is
allowed to come in contact with the cellular component in vivo.
[0341] As used herein, the term "treating" includes preventative as
well as disorder remitative treatment. As used herein, the terms
"reducing", "suppressing" and "inhibiting" have their commonly
understood meaning of lessening or decreasing. As used herein, the
term "progression" means increasing in scope or severity,
advancing, growing or becoming worse. As used herein, the term
"recurrence" means the return of a disease after a remission. As
used herein, the term "delaying" means stopping, hindering, slowing
down, postponing, holding up or setting back. The term "treating"
in the context of cancer includes the treatment of cancer
metastases.
[0342] As used herein, the term "administering" refers to bringing
a subject in contact with an anti-cancer compound of the present
invention. As used herein, administration can be accomplished in
vitro, i.e. in a test tube, or in vivo, i.e. in cells or tissues of
living organisms, for example humans. In one embodiment, the
present invention encompasses administering the compounds of the
present invention to a subject.
[0343] In one embodiment, the methods of the present invention
comprise administering an anti-cancer compound as the sole active
ingredient. However, also encompassed within the scope of the
present invention are methods of cancer treatment comprising
administering the anti-cancer compounds of the present invention in
combination with other established cancer therapeutic drugs,
including, but not limited to:
[0344] 1) Alkylating agents--e.g. bischloroethylamines (nitrogen
mustards), aziridines, alkyl alkone sulfonates, nitrosoureas,
platinum compounds.
[0345] 2) Antibiotic agents--e.g. anthracyclines, mitomycin C,
bleomycin, dactinomycin, plicatomycin.
[0346] 3) Antimetabolic agents--e.g. fluorouracil (5-FU),
fioxuridine (5-FUdR), methotrexate, leucovorin, hydroxyurea,
thioguanine (6-TG), mercaptopurine (6-MP), cytarabine, pentostatin,
fludarabine phosphate, cladribine (2-CDA), asparaginase, and
gemcitabine.
[0347] 4) Hormonal agents--e.g. synthetic estrogens (e.g.
diethylstibestrol), antiestrogens (e. g. tamoxifen, toremifene,
fluoxymesterol and raloxifene), antiandrogens (bicalutamide,
nilutamide, flutamide), aromatase inhibitors (e.g.,
aminoglutethimide, anastrozole and tetrazole), ketoconazole,
goserelin acetate, leuprolide, megestrol acetate and
mifepristone.
[0348] 5) Plant-derived agents--e.g. vinca alkaloids,
podophyllotoxins, and taxanes.
[0349] 6) Biologic agents--e.g. immuno-modulating proteins such as
cytokines, monoclonal antibodies against tumor antigens, tumor
suppressor genes, and cancer vaccines.
[0350] Thus, in one embodiment, the methods of the present
invention comprise administering the anti-cancer compound of the
present invention, in combination with an alkylating agent. In
another embodiment, the methods of the present invention comprise
administering the anti-cancer compound of the present invention, in
combination with an antibiotic. In another embodiment, the methods
of the present invention comprise administering the anti-cancer
compound of the present invention, in combination with an
antimetabolite. In another embodiment, the methods of the present
invention comprise administering the anti-cancer compound of the
present invention, in combination with a hormonal agent. In another
embodiment, the methods of the present invention comprise
administering the anti-cancer compound of the present invention, in
combination with a plant-derived agent. In another embodiment the
methods of the present invention comprise administering the
anti-cancer compound of the present invention, in combination with
a biologic agent.
[0351] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0352] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a
composition comprising the anti-cancer compound of the present
invention and/or its analog, derivative, isomer, metabolite,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutical product, hydrate,
N-oxide, impurity, prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination
thereof.
[0353] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-cancer compound of
the present invention and/or its analog, derivative, isomer,
metabolite, pharmaceutical product, hydrate, N-oxide, impurity,
prodrug, polymorph, crystal, or any combination thereof; and a
suitable carrier or diluent.
[0354] As used herein, "pharmaceutical composition" means
therapeutically effective amounts of the anti-cancer together with
suitable diluents, preservatives, solubilizers, emulsifiers,
adjuvant and/or carriers. A "therapeutically effective amount" as
used herein refers to that amount which provides a therapeutic
effect for a given condition and administration regimen. Such
compositions are liquids or Lyophilized or otherwise dried
formulations and include diluents of various buffer content (e.g.,
Tris-HCI., acetate, phosphate), pH and ionic strength, additives
such as albumin or gelatin to prevent absorption to surfaces,
detergents (e.g., Tween 20, Tween 80, Pluronic F68, bile acid
salts), solubilizing agents (e.g., glycerol, polyethylene
glycerol), anti-oxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid, sodium
metabisulfite), preservatives (e.g., Thimerosal, benzyl alcohol,
parabens), bulking substances or tonicity modifiers (e.g., lactose,
mannitol), covalent attachment of polymers such as polyethylene
glycol to the protein, complexation with metal ions, or
incorporation of the material into or onto particulate preparations
of polymeric compounds such as polylactic acid, polglycolic acid,
hydrogels, etc, or onto liposomes, microemulsions, micelles,
unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles, erythrocyte ghosts, or
spheroplasts.) Such compositions will influence the physical state,
solubility, stability, rate of in vivo release, and rate of in vivo
clearance. Controlled or sustained release compositions include
formulation in lipophilic depots (e.g., fatty acids, waxes,
oils).
[0355] Also comprehended by the invention are particulate
compositions coated with polymers (e.g., poloxamers or
poloxamines). Other embodiments of the compositions of the
invention incorporate particulate forms protective coatings,
protease inhibitors or permeation enhancers for various routes of
administration, including parenteral, pulmonary, nasal and oral. In
one embodiment the pharmaceutical composition is administered
parenterally, paracancerally, transmucosally, transdermally,
intramuscularly, intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously,
intraperitonealy, intraventricularly, intravaginally,
intracranially and intratumorally.
[0356] Further, as used herein "pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers" are well known to those skilled in the art and include,
but are not limited to, 0.01-0.1M and preferably 0.05M phosphate
buffer or 0.8% saline. Additionally, such pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers may be aqueous or non-aqueous solutions,
suspensions, and emulsions. Examples of non-aqueous solvents are
propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive
oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous
carriers include water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or
suspensions, including saline and buffered media.
[0357] Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution,
Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's
and fixed oils. Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient
replenishers, electrolyte replenishers such as those based on
Ringer's dextrose, and the like. Preservatives and other additives
may also be present, such as, for example, antimicrobials,
antioxidants, collating agents, inert gases and the like.
[0358] Controlled or sustained release compositions include
formulation in lipophitic depots (e.g. fatty acids, waxes, oils).
Also comprehended by the invention are particulate compositions
coated with,polymers (e.g. poloxamers or poloxamines) and the
compound coupled to antibodies directed against tissue-specific
receptors, ligands or antigens or coupled to ligands of
tissue-specific receptors.
[0359] Other embodiments of the compositions of the invention
incorporate particulate forms, protective coatings, protease
inhibitors or permeation enhancers for various routes of
administration, including parenteral, pulmonary, nasal and
oral.
[0360] Compounds modified by the covalent attachment of
water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, copolymers of
polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, carboxymethyl
cellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or
polyproline are known to exhibit substantially longer half-lives in
blood following intravenous injection than do the corresponding
unmodified compounds (Abuchowski et al., 1981; Newmark et al.,
1982; and Katre et al., 1987). Such modifications may also increase
the compound's solubility in aqueous solution, eliminate
aggregation, enhance the physical and chemical stability of the
compound, and greatly reduce the immunogenicity and reactivity of
the compound. As a result, the desired in vivo biological activity
may be achieved by the administration of such polymer-compound
abducts less frequently or in lower doses than with the unmodified
compound.
[0361] In yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition
can be delivered in a controlled release system. For example, the
agent may be administered using intravenous infusion, an
implantable osmotic pump, a transdermal patch, liposomes, or other
modes of administration. In one embodiment, a pump may be used (see
Langer, supra; Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201 (1987);
Buchwald et al., Surgery. 88:507 (1980); Saudek et al., N. Engl. J.
Med. 321:574 (1989). In another embodiment, polymeric materials can
be used. In yet another embodiment, a controlled release system can
be placed in proximity to the therapeutic target, i.e., the brain,
thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose (see, e.g.,
Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release, supra, vol.
2, pp. 115-138 (1984). Other controlled release systems are
discussed in the review by Langer (Science 249:1527-1533
(1990).
[0362] The pharmaceutical preparation can comprise the anti-cancer
agent alone, or can further include a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier, and can be in solid or liquid form such as tablets,
powders, capsules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, elixirs,
emulsions, gels, creams, or suppositories, including rectal and
urethral suppositories. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers
include gums, starches, sugars, cellulosic materials, and mixtures
thereof. The pharmaceutical preparation containing the anti-cancer
agent can be administered to a subject by, for example,
subcutaneous implantation of a pellet; in a further embodiment, the
pellet provides for controlled release of anti-cancer agent over a
period of time. The preparation can also be administered by
intravenous, intraarterial, or intramuscular injection of a liquid
preparation, oral administration of a liquid or solid preparation,
or by topical application. Administration can also be accomplished
by use of a rectal suppository or a urethral suppository.
[0363] The pharmaceutical preparations of the invention can be
prepared by known dissolving, mixing, granulating, or
tablet-forming processes. For oral administration, the anti-cancer
agents or their physiologically tolerated derivatives such as
salts, esters, N-oxides, and the like are mixed with additives
customary for this purpose, such as vehicles, stabilizers, or inert
diluents, and converted by customary methods into suitable forms
for administration, such as tablets, coated tablets, hard or soft
gelatin capsules, aqueous, alcoholic or oily solutions. Examples of
suitable inert vehicles are conventional tablet bases such as
lactose, sucrose, or cornstarch in combination with binders such as
acacia, cornstarch, gelatin, with disintegrating agents such as
cornstarch, potato starch, alginic acid, or with a lubricant such
as stearic acid or magnesium stearate.
[0364] Examples of suitable oily vehicles or solvents are vegetable
or animal oils such as sunflower oil or fish-liver oil.
Preparations can be effected both as dry and as wet granules. For
parenteral administration (subcutaneous, intravenous,
intraarterial, or intramuscular injection), the anti-cancer agents
or their physiologically tolerated derivatives such as salts,
esters, N-oxides, and the like are converted into a solution,
suspension, or emulsion, if desired with the substances customary
and suitable for this purpose, for example, solubilizers or other
auxiliaries. Examples are sterile liquids such as water and oils,
with or without the addition of a surfactant and other
pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. Illustrative oils are those
of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, for example,
peanut oil, soybean oil, or mineral oil. In general, water, saline,
aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, and glycols such as
propylene glycols or polyethylene glycol are preferred liquid
carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.
[0365] The preparation of pharmaceutical compositions which contain
an active component is well understood in the art. Typically, such
compositions are prepared as aerosols of the polypeptide delivered
to the nasopharynx or as injectables, either as liquid solutions or
suspensions; however, solid forms suitable for solution in, or
suspension in, liquid prior to injection can also be prepared. The
preparation can also be emulsified. The active therapeutic
ingredient is often mixed with excipients which are
pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active
ingredient. Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline,
dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, or the like or any combination
thereof.
[0366] In addition, the composition can contain minor amounts of
auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH
buffering agents which enhance the effectiveness of the active
ingredient.
[0367] An active component can be formulated into the composition
as neutralized pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts
(formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide or antibody
molecule), which are formed with inorganic acids such as, for
example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as
acetic, oxalic, tartaric, mandelic, and the like. Salts formed from
the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases
such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, or
ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine,
trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, and the
like.
[0368] For topical administration to body surfaces using, for
example, creams, gels, drops, and the like, the anti-cancer agents
or their physiologically tolerated derivatives such as salts,
esters, N-oxides, and the like are prepared and applied as
solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in a physiologically
acceptable diluent with or without a pharmaceutical carrier.
[0369] In another embodiment, the active compound can be delivered
in a vesicle, in particular a liposome (see Langer, Science
249:1527-1533 (1990); Treat et al., in Liposomes in the Therapy of
Infectious Disease and Cancer, Lopez-Berestein and Fidler (eds.),
Liss, New York, pp. 353-365 (1989); Lopez-Berestein, ibid., pp.
317-327; see generally ibid).
[0370] For use in medicine, the salts of the anti-cancer will be
pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Other salts may, however, be
useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the
invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Suitable
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this
invention include acid addition salts which may, for example, be
formed by mixing a solution of the compound according to the
invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid
such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, methanesulphonic acid,
fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic:
acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or
phosphoric acid.
[0371] The following examples are presented in order to more fully
illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention. They should
in no way be construed, however, as limiting the broad scope of the
invention.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILES SECTION
EXAMPLE 1
Experimental Methods
[0372] Cell Lines
[0373] The origins of the cell lines used in the studies described
herein are shown in Table 1 below:
1TABLE 1 Cell line Morphology Origin Patient LNCaP Epithelial
Needle aspiration 50-year-old white male with biopsy of left tage
D1 prostatic cancer supraclavicular lymph node DU 145 Epithelial
Metastatic CNS 69-year-old white male with lesion metastatic
carcinoma of the prostate and a 3 year history of lymphocytic
leukemia PC-3 Epithelial Prostatic 62-year-old male Caucasian with
metastatic bone grade IV prostatic marrow adenocarcinoma PPC-1
Epithelial Transurethral 67-year-old black male with (primary
prostate resection of the stage D2 poorly differentiated
carcinoma-1) prostate adenocarcinoma of prostate TSU Epithelial
Metastatic 73-year-old male Japanese with a tumor in a moderately
differentiated prostatic cervical lymph adenocarcinoma node
[0374] Cell Culture
[0375] Prostate cancer cell lines were obtained from ATCC. All
cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium containing 2 mM L-glutamine
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and maintained in a
5% CO2/95% air humidified atmosphere at 37.degree. C.
[0376] Assay for Cell Growth Inhibition (Sulforhodamine B
Assay)
[0377] Cells were plated on 96-well plates and incubated with
drug-containing culture medium (200 .mu.L/well) for 4 (DU 145,
PC-3, PPC-1, and TSU) or 6 (LNCaP) days. Medium was replaced with
freshly prepared batches every other day during the incubation. At
the end of drug treatment, an aliquot of 50 .mu.L of cold
(4.degree. C.) trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 50%) was gently layered
on the top of growth medium in each well to make a final TCA
concentration of 10%. The mixtures were incubated at 4.degree. C.
for 1 hour, and then washed 5 times with tap water to remove TCA,
growth medium, low-molecular-weight metabolites, and serum
proteins. The plates were air dried overnight. Next, fixed cells
were stained with 50 .mu.L of SRB solution (0.4%, wt/vol) for 10
minutes. After staining, SRB solution was decanted, and plates were
quickly rinsed 5 times with 1% acetic acid to remove unbound dye
and air dried overnight. The cellular protein-bound SRB was then
dissolved with 200 .mu.L unbuffered Tris base (10 mM, pH 10.5) for
30 minutes on a rocking platform shaker, and absorbance at 540 nm
was measured by a plate reader.
[0378] Percentage of cell survival was calculated by absorbance at
540 nm in testing wells divided by absorbance in negative control
wells (medium without the test compound). Percentages of cell
survival versus drug concentrations were plotted and the
concentration of drug that inhibited cell growth by 50% (IC50) was
determined by. nonlinear regression using WinNonlin (Pharsight
Corporation, Mountain View, Calif.).
EXAMPLE 2
Effect of Haloacetamide Substituted Compounds in Different Cell
Lines
[0379] METHODS: LNCaP, DU145, PC-3, TSU, and PPC-1 cells were
cultured in 96-well plates and treated with increasing
concentrations of the compound of interest for 4 days. Cell
survival was determined by the sulforhodamine B assay and was
plotted as a percentage of control (drug-free wells) versus drug
concentration. The concentration of drug that inhibited cell growth
by 50% (IC50) was determined by non-linear regression. Known
anticancer drugs were used as cytotoxic positive controls.
[0380] RESULTS: The IC.sub.50s of Compounds A and B, as well as
S-NTBA, 5-FU and Melphalan in prostate cancer cell lines DU 145,
PC-3, TSU, PPC-l and LNCaP are shown in Table 1. The cytotoxicity
of compounds A, B and S-NTBA in different cell lines are shown in
FIG. 1 A-C, respectively. Compounds A and B demonstrated IC.sub.50
values in the low micro-molar range in inhibiting the growth of all
of five prostate cancer cell lines.
[0381] LNCAP cells were not more sensitive to compounds A and B
than other cell lines. The IC.sub.50s from one-day treatment and 4
or 6 days treatment did not show significant difference, indicating
that the growth inhibitory activity of these compounds was not
likely a reversible process.
[0382] These studies indicated that compounds A and B may have
potential as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate
cancer.
2TABLE 1 Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Prostate Cancer Cell Lines DU1
LNCa Name Structure 45 PC-3 TSU PPC-1 P Compound A (.mu.M)
(Compound 15 Scheme 1) 66 1.3 .+-.0.3 2.41 .+-.0.6 0.4 .+-.0.3 1.1
.+-.0.1 1.1 .+-.0.2 Compound B (.mu.M) (Compound 14 Scheme 1) 67
0.9 .+-.0.1 4.2 .+-.0.2 1.4 .+-.0.4 1.8 .+-.0.1 4.4 .+-.0.8 S-NTBA
(.mu.M) 68 4.7 .+-.0.3 3.1 .+-.0.5 3.5 .+-.0.2 2.2 .+-.0.2 1.3
.+-.0.2 5-FU (.mu.M) 2.6 .+-.0.9 12.1 .+-.0.9 2.9 .+-.0.9 5.5
.+-.0.3 0.9 .+-.0.3 Melphalan (nM) 31.0 .+-.4.8 30.4 .+-.3.1 4.0
.+-.0.2 16.2 .+-.1.8 10.3 .+-.0.1
EXAMPLE 3
Effect of Haloacetamide Substituted Compounds on Cell Growth
[0383] Growth Curve:
[0384] MATERIALS: DMSO is the vehicle control and the solvent for
Compound A and Compound B.
[0385] METHODS: Cells were plated at 5-10.times.10.sup.4 cells/well
in five 6-well plates and incubated at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2
for 24 h to allow the cells sufficient time to attach and be in log
phase growth at the start of the experiment. The media was
aspirated from four of the plates and replaced with media
containing vehicle control (DMSO) or drug dissolved in DMSO. The
total volume of DMSO/drug added to each well was equal to 0.1% of
the media volume in each well. LNCaP, PC-3, MCF-7, and CV-1 cells
were treated with vehicle control, and increasing concentrations of
Compound A and Compound B (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0
.mu.M). Three wells were treated with the same concentration of the
drugs or DMSO for each treatment condition listed above. The cells
from the remaining 6-well plate were collected and counted to
determine plating efficiency. The 6-well plates containing
DMSO/drug were incubated for 120 h at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2.
After 120 h, the media from each well was collected along with
trypsinized cells and centrifuged at 150.times.g for 4 min. The
cells were resuspended in 1 mL of media, from which 90 .mu.l was
taken and combined with 10 .mu.l trypan blue for counting on a
hemacytometer.
[0386] RESULTS: The results are presented in FIG. 2. Results
indicate that the haloacetamides are potent cytotoxic agents.
Compound A exhibits non-selective growth inhibitory activity
against various cancer cell lines in vitro where LNCAP
(AR-dependent) cells are inhibited by approximately the same molar
concentration of Compound A as the PC-3, MCF-7 and CV-1 cells
(which are prostate, breast, and monkey kidney cell lines,
respectively, none of which are dependent on the AR for growth)
(FIG. 2A). Compound B appears to exhibit some selectivity in that
LNCaP cells are approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the PC-3
or CV-1 cells. Only at very high concentrations (i.e. >5
micromolar) are the MCF-7 cells sensitive to Compound B. (FIG.
2B).
[0387] Tunnel Assay:
[0388] MATERLALS: In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein
(Roche).
[0389] METHODS: DNA fragmentation of apoptotic cells was monitored
by the TUNEL assay as described by the supplier. Briefly, LNCaP
cells were plated at 2.times.10.sup.5 cells/well in 2-well chamber
slides and incubated at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 for 24 h to
allow the cells sufficient time to attach and be in log phase
growth at the start of the experiment. The media was aspirated and
replaced with media containing vehicle control (DMSO) or drug
dissolved in DMSO. The total volume of DMSO/drug added to each well
was equal to 0.1% of the media volume in each well. LNCAP cells
were treated with vehicle control, and increasing concentrations of
Compound A and Compound B (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 .mu.M) for 24-48 h.
Two wells were treated with the same concentration of the drugs or
DMSO for each treatment condition listed above. The media was
collected along with the trypsinized cells and centrifuged at
150.times.g for 4 min. The cells were resuspended in 50 .mu.l PBS,
pipetted onto poly-lysine coated slides, and then fixed in 4%
methanol-free formaldehyde in PBS (pH 7.4) for 25 min at 4.degree.
C. Cells were permeabilized in 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min
at room temperature. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labeling
of 3'-ends of DNA strand breaks was performed using
fluorescein-12-dUTP with an apoptosis detection system. Following
end labeling, cells were then washed with PBS containing 0.1%
Triton X-100 and 5 mg/ml albumin from bovine serum (BSA). All cells
were stained with 1 .mu.g/ml propidium iodide for 15 min. Green and
red fluorescence emissions were observed microscopically using 520
nm and >620 nm filters, respectively.
[0390] RESULTS: The TUNEL assay is used to determine whether cells
are undergoing apoptosis (cell death mechanism) as a result, of
drug treatment. During apoptosis the DNA of affected cells is
fragmented, leaving 3' and 5' ends exposed. TUNEL assay
incorporates a dye that labels the 3' ends of such DNA fragments
which are then visualized by fluorescence. Results show that cells
exposed to Compound A for 24 hours exhibit green fluorescence
(relative to the 0.1% DMSO vehicle control. cells) (FIGS. 3A and
B). The green fluorescene demonstrates that the cells have
fragmented DNA and are undergoing apoptosis. There are also fewer
cells stained with propidium iodide (relative to vehicle control)
which is a further indication that many of the cells have died and
floated away. Results for Compound B were similar (data not
shown).
[0391] Without wishing to be bound to any particular mechanism or
theory, one possible mechanism of action for haloacetamide
compounds such as compounds A and B is that they allylate cellular
nucleophiles, the brominated derivative (Compound A) being more
potent (more reactive) than the chlorinated derivative (Compound
B), thus requiring a higher concentration of Compound B before
apoptosis is initiated.
EXAMPLE 4
Synthesis
[0392] Compounds 10-24 of the present invention were synthesized
according to the reactions set forth in Scheme 1 below: 69
[0393] General Procedure for the Synthesis of Bromoanilide
Compounds (4, 5, and 28)
[0394] To a cold solution of bromoacid.sup.1 3 (0.29 mol) in 300 mL
of THF was added SOCl.sub.2 (0.39 mol) in a dropwise manner under
an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h under
an ice-water bath and then Et.sub.3N (0.39 mol), aniline (1, 2,
0.19 mol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 h at
room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a
solid which was treated with 300 mL of H.sub.2O. The solution was
extracted with EtOAc (2.times.400 mL) and combined EtOAc extracts
were washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution (2.times.300 mL)
and brine (300 mL), successively. The organic layer was dried over
MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil
which was purified by column chromatography using
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/EtOAc (8:2) to give a solid which was
recrystallized from EtOAc/hexane to give a target compound.
[0395] 1) Kirkovsky, L.; Mukheijee, A.; Yin, D.; Dalton, J. T.;
Miller, D. D. Chiral nonsteroidal affinity ligands for the androgen
receptor. 1. Bicalutamide analogues bearing electrophilic groups in
the B aromatic ring. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43(4), 581-590.
[0396] 2) Van Dort, M. E.; Robins, D. M.; Wayburn, B. Design,
Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of
4-[4,4-Dimethyl-3-94-hydroxybutyl-
]-5-oxo-2-thioxo-1-imidazolidinyl]-2-iodobenzonitrile as a
High-Affinity Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Ligand. 2000, 43,
3344-3347.
[0397] General Procedure for the Synthesis of T-Boc-Aminophenoxy
Compounds (6 and 7)
[0398] To a solution of bromoanilide (20.21 mmol) in 200 InL of
acetone was added anhydrous K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (60.6 mmol). The
reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h and concentrated
under reduced pressure to give a solid. The resulting residue was
treated with K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (40.42 mmol), 4-t-Boc-aminophenol
(20.21 mmol), 200 mL of methyl ethyl ketone. The reaction mixture
was heated to reflux for 3.5 h and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give a solid. Solid was treated with H.sub.2O (150 mL)
and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.80 mL). The combined
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 extracts were washed with 10% NaOH (2.times.100
mL), H.sub.2O (100 mL), successively. The organic layer was dried
over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a
solid which was purified by column chromatography using
EtOAc/hexane (1:2) to give a target compound.
[0399] General Procedure for the Synthesis of Aniline Compounds (8
and 9)
[0400] To a solution of N-t-Boc protected compound (8.01 mmol) in
30 mL of CH.sub.3OH was added 30 mL of 2N HCl solution in diethyl
ether. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room
temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil.
Oil was treated with 30 mL of saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution and
extracted with EtOAc (2.times.30 mL). The combined extracts were
washed with 30 mL of brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, and concentrated
under reduced pressure to give a target compound.
[0401] General Procedure for the Synthesis of Alpha-Halo and Vinyl
Ketone Compounds (11-24)
[0402] To a cold solution of haloacetyl chloride or acryloyl
chloride (6.88 mmol) in 50 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 was added
Et.sub.3N (9.18 mmol) and aniline compound (4.59 mmol). The.
reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, washed
with H.sub.2O (2.times.30 mL), and dried over MgSO.sub.4. The
solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give an oil which was
purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/hexane (8:2) to give
an oil. Oil was crystallized from EtOAc/hexane to give a target
compound.
[0403] Compound 15 (bromoacetarnido derivative) corresponds to
Compound A in Examples 2 and 3 above. Compound 14 (chloroacetardo
derivative) corresponds to Compound B in Examples 2 and 3
above.
[0404] General Procedure for the Synthesis of Maleamide Compounds
(25 and 26)
[0405] A solution of aniline compound (0.46 mmol) in 50 mL of
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and 0.5 mL of DMF was heated to reflux overnight.
After cooling, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure
to give an oil which was treated with 50 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2,
and washed with H.sub.2O (2.times.30 mL). The organic layer was
dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give an oil which was purified by column chromatography using
EtOAc/hexane (3:2) to give a target compound.
[0406] The Synthesis of .alpha.-Fluoroacetamide Compound (10)
[0407] Compound 10 was synthesized according to the reaction set
forth in Scheme 2 below: 70
[0408] A stirred mixture of .alpha.-chloroamide 11 (130 mg, 0.32
mmol), potassium fluoride (46 mg, 0.80 mmol), and 5 mL of
di(ethylene glycol) was heated to 125-135.degree. C. for 2 h in the
sealed tube. The reaction mixture was diluted with 20 mL of
H.sub.2O, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.20 mL). The
combined CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 extracts were dried over MgSO.sub.4 and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil which was
purified by flash column chromatography using EtOAc/hexane (1:1) to
give 73 mg (53.0%) of 10 as a yellowish solid.
[0409] Synthesis of Benzenesuffonyl-Fluoride Compound (36)
[0410] Compound 36 was synthesized according to the reaction set
forth in Scheme 3 below: 71
4-[((2S)-3-{[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-
-oxopropyl)oxy]benzenesulfonyl fluoride (36)
[0411] To a solution of bromoamide (4, 1.0 g, 2.85 mmol) in 40 mL
of acetone was added anhydrous K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1.18 g, 8.54 mmol).
The reaction mixture was heated to reflux. for 1 h and concentrated
under reduced pressure to give a solid. The solid was treated with
40 mL of H.sub.2O and extracted with EtOAc (2.times.30 mL). The
combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine (1.times.30 mL),
dried over MgSO.sub.4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give an epoxide compound 35 as an oil. Without further
purification, a solution of epoxide in 10 mL of THF was added to a
suspension of the sodium salt of 4-fluorosulfonyl phenol [prepared
from a 60% NaH dispension (0.11 g, 3.13 mmol) in oil and
4-fluorosulfonyl phenol.sup.1 (0.5 g, 2.85 mmol) in 10 mL of THF]
and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was
concentrated under reduced pressure, treated with H.sub.2O (10 mL),
and extracted with EtOAc (2.times.20 mL). The combined EtOAc
extracts were washed with 10% NaOH (2.times.20 mL), brine (20 mL),
and dried over MgSO.sub.4. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure to give an oil which was purified by column chromatography
using EtOAc/hexane (1:1) to give a target compound (36, 0.25 g,
19.7%) as a colorless oil: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3/TMS)
.quadrature. 1.66 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3), 3.41 (s, 1H, OH), 4.15 (d,
J=9.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.58 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 7.11 (d, J=8.9 Hz,
2H, ArH), 7.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.94-8.13 (m, 3H, ArH), 8.14
(s, 1H, NH); MS (ESI): m/z 445.1 [M-H].sup.-; Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.18H.sub.14F.sub.4N.sub.2O.sub.5S.0.25 EtOAc: C, 48.72; H,
3.44; N, 5.98. Found: C, 48.93; H, 3.52; N, 5.83.
[0412] 1) Steinkopf, W. Aromatische sulfofluoride. J. Prakt. Chem.
1927, 117, 21.
[0413] The physical properties of several of the compounds of the
present invention are summarized in Table 2 below:
3 COMD MASS MP YIELD NO STRUCTURES .sup.1H NMR [M - H].sup.- C, H,
N (.degree. C.) (%) 4 72 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.04 (s, 1H, NH),
8.12 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.99 (dd, J=8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH),
7.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 4.05 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.63 (d,
J=10.8 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.11 (s, 1H, OH), 1.66 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 450.0
C.sub.12H.sub.10BrF.sub.3N.sub.2O.sub.2: C, 41.05; H, 2.87; N, 7.98
Found: C, 41.25; H, 2.89; N, 8.01. 124 --126 77.0 5 73
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 10.54 (s, 1H, NH), 8.54 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 8.34 (dd, J=9.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.18 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 6.37 (s, 1H, OH), 3.82 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.58 (d,
J=10.4 Hz, 1H, CH), 1.48 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 370.8 [M].sup.+
C.sub.11H.sub.10BrF.sub.3N.sub.2O.sub.4: C, 35.60; H, 2.72; N, 7.55
Found: C, 35.68; H, 2.72; N, 749. 98-100 80.0 28 74 (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 8.81 (s, 1H, NH), 8.27 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.70 (dd,
J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.56 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 4.01 (d,
J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.59 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.01 (s, 1H, OH),
1.62 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 409.3 [M + H]+
C.sub.11H.sub.10BrIN.sub.2O.sub.2: C, 32.30; H, 2.46; N, 6.85
Found: C, 32.42; H, 2.43; N, 6.75. 157 --160 57.2 6 75 (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 9.17 (s, 1H, NH), 8.10 (s, 1H, ArH), NH), 8.10 (s, 1H,
ArH), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.80 (d, J=8.4, Hz, 1H, ArH),
7.27 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.84 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.43 (bs,
1H, NH), 4.42 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.95 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH),
3.58 (s, 1H, OH), 1.57 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3), 1.50 (s, 9H, CH.sub.3).
478.1 C.sub.23H.sub.24F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.5. H.sub.2O: C, 55.53; #
H, 5.27; N, 8.45 Found: C, 55.21; H, 4.94; N, 8.16. 156 --158 57 7
76 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.20 (s, 1H, NH), 8.10 (s, 1H, ArH),
8.02-8.01 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.27 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.84 (d,
J=8.6, Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.42 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH), 3.95 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
1H, CH), 3.54 (s, 1H, OH), 1.58 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3), 1.51 (s, 9H,
CH.sub.3) 497.8 C.sub.22H.sub.24F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.7: C, 52.91; H,
4.84; N, 8.41 Found: C, 52.77; H, 4.91; N, 8.42. 145 --147 58 8 77
(DMSO-d6) .delta. 10.54 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.57 (d, J=1.8 Hz 1H, ArH),
8.32 (dd, J=8.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.11 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H, ArH),
6.63 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.17 (bs,
1H, OH), 4.61 (bs, 1H, NH.sub.2), 4.08 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2),
3.85 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 1.18 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 378.1
C.sub.17H.sub.16F.sub.3N.sub.3O.s- ub.5. 0.5C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.2:
C, # 51.47; H, 4.36; N, 9.48.Found: C, 51.58; H, 4.36; N, 9.91. 177
--179 91.1 9 78 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.38 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH),
8.14 (dd, J=8.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.04 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H, ArH),
7.11 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.98 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.32 (d,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.03 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H, CH), 1.52 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3). 398.0 C.sub.17H.sub.16F.sub.3N.sub.3- O.sub.5.
0.5C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.2: C, 51.47; H, 4.36; N, 9.48 Found: C,
51.58; H, 4.36; N, 9.91. # 138 --140 92.3 10 79 (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 9.25 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.12 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.97 (dd,
J=8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.46 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.87 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.99 (s, 1H,
CH.sub.2F), 4.83 (s, 1H, CH.sub.2F), 4.43 (d, J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2),
3.97 (d, J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.81 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.57 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3) 438.1 C.sub.20H.sub.17F.sub.4N.sub.3O.sub.4. #
0.3C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.2- .: C, 54.67; H, 4.20; N, 9.02 Found: C,
54.82; H, 4.28; N, 8.99. 67-69 53 11 80 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.18
(bs, 1H, NH), 8.19 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.11 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.96
(dd, J=8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.80 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.44 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.88 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH). 4.45 (d, J=9.3 Hz,
CH.sub.2), 4.18 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2Cl), 3.98 (d, J=9.3 Hz, CH.sub.2),
3.60 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.59 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 454.1
C.sub.20H.sub.17ClF.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.40.25H.sub.2O: # C, 52.18; H,
3.83; N, 9.13 Found: C, 52.08; H, 3.84; N, 8.93. 68-70 95 12 81
(CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.18 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.19 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.11 (d,
J=2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.96 (dd, J=8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.80 (d,
J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.44 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.88 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
2H, ArH), 4.45 (d, J=9.3 Hz, CH.sub.2), 4.18 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2Cl),
3.98 (d, J=9.3 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.60 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.59 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3) 498.1
C.sub.20H.sub.17BrF.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.40.3H.sub.2O.: C, # 47.50; H,
3.51; N, 8.31 Found: C, 47.36; H, 3.34; N, 8.32. 77-79 75 13 82
(CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.37 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.15 (dd, J=8.6,
1.5 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.93 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.44 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
2H, ArH), 6.92 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.33 (d, J=9.3 Hz,
CH.sub.2), 4.03 (d, J=9.3 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.84 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2I),
1.59 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 546.3 C.sub.20H.sub.17F.sub.3IN.sub.3O.sub.4
.0.7H.sub.2O: C, 42.90; H, 3.31; N, 7.50 Found: C, 42.82; H, #
3.30; N, 7.48. 78-80 76 23 83 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.21 (bs, 1H,
NH), 8.11 (d, J=1.8 Hz; 1H, ArH), 7.96 (dd, J=8.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 7.80 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H, ArH),
7.38 (bs, 1H, NH), 6.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.44 (d, J=16.8 Hz,
1H, CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 6.24 (dd, J=16.8, 10.2 Hz, 1H,
CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 5.78 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H, CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 4.42
(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 3.97 # (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2),
3.77 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.57 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 432.1
C.sub.21H.sub.18F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.4. 0.3C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.2.:
C, 57.99; H, 4.47; N, 9.14 Found: C, 57.65; H, 4.40; N, 9.15 76-78
73 14 84 (DMSO-d6) .delta. 10.65 (bs, 1H, NH), 10.16 (bs, 1H, NH),
8.59 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.39 (dd, J=9.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H, ArH),
8.20 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.47 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.90 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.28 (bs, 1H, OH), 4.22 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
CH.sub.2), 4.21 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2Cl), 3.97 (d, J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2),
1.45 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 474.0 C.sub.19H.sub.17ClF.sub.3N.sub.3 #
O.sub.6.0.2C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.- 2.: C, 48.20; H, 3.80; N, 8.52
Found: C, 48.53; H, 3.77; N, 8.59. 97-99 95 15 85 (DMSO-d6) .delta.
10.63 (bs, 1H, NH), 10.23 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 8.38 (dd, J=9.0, 2,4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.20 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 7.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.90 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH),
6.27 (bs, 1H, OH), 4.20 (d, J=9.8 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.99 (s, 2H,
CH.sub.2Br), 3.98 (d, J=9.8 Hz, CH.sub.2), 1.44 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3)
518.7 C.sub.19H.sub.17BrF.sub.3N.sub.3 # O.sub.6.0.5 H.sub.2O.: C,
43.12; H, 3.43; N, 7.94 Found: C, 43.15; H, 3.20; N, 7.73. 104
--106 75 16 86 (CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.38 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH),
8.19 (dd, J=8.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.06 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H, ArH),
7.45 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.34 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, CH.sub.2), 4.04 (d, J=9.5 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.84 (s, 2H,
CH.sub.2I), 1.55 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 566.0 C.sub.19H.sub.17F.sub.3I
N.sub.3O.sub.6.0.2C.sub.- 4H.sub.8O.sub.2.: C, 40.66; H, 3.21; N, #
7.18 Found: C, 40.87; H, 3.07; N, 7.17. 82-84 76 24 87 (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 9.37 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.09 (s, 1H, ArH), 7.97 (m, 2H, ArH),
7.72 (bs, 1H, NH), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6,73 (d, J=8.4 Hz,
2H, ArH), 6.40 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H, CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 6.25 (dd,
J=16.8, 10.2 Hz, 1H, CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 5.75 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H,
CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), 4.36 (d, J=9.00 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 4.19 (bs, 1H,
OH), 3.91 (d, J=9.00 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 1.63 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) #
452.1 C.sub.20H.sub.18F.sub.3N- .sub.2O.sub.6: C, 52.98; H, 4.00;
N, 9.27 Found: C, 53.10; H, 4.13; N, 9.03 76-78 73 17 88
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 10.59 (bs, 1H, NH), 10.50 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.56
(s, 1H, ArH), 8.32 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.11 (d, J=5.7 Hz, Hz,
2H, ArH), 6.94 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.55 (s, 1H, CH), 6.28 (bs,
1H, OH), 4.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 3.99 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H,
CH.sub.2), 1.44 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 488.3
C.sub.20H.sub.16Cl.sub.2F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.4.0.25C.sub.4H.sub.8O.sub.2
# : C, 49.24; H, 3.54; N, 8.20 Found: C, 49.21; H, 3.51; N, 8.16.
140 --142 72 18 89 (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 11.10 (bs, 1H, NH),
10.59 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.57 (s, 1H, ArH), 8.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, ArH),
8.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.56 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.98 (d,
J=8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.29 (bs, 1H, OH), 4.25 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H,
CH.sub.2), 4.02 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 1.20 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3)
474.0 C.sub.20H.sub.15F.sub.6N.sub.3O.sub.4.: # C, 50.54; H, 3.18;
N, 8.84 Found: C, 50.50; H, 3.38; N, 8.67 80-82 79 19 90
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 10.67 (bs, 1H, NH), 10.60 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.57
(s, 1H, ArH), 8.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,
ArH), 7.52 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.97 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH),
4.25 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 4.01 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2),
1.45 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 522.2 C.sub.20H.sub.17F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.4.
0.7H.sub.2O: C, # 45.31; H, 2.97; N, 7.93 Found: C, 45.29; H, 2.94;
N, 7.68. 153 --155 75 20 91 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.9.30 (bs, 1H, NH),
8.26 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.12 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.04 (dd, J=9.0,
1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.98 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.43 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
2H, ArH), 6.89 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.08 (s, 1H, CH), 4.46 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.99 (d, J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2), 3.51 (bs, 1H,
OH), ), 1.61 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 508.2 #
C.sub.19H.sub.16Cl.sub.2F.sub.3N.sub.3 O.sub.6.0.5H.sub.2O.: C,
43.95; H, 3.30; N, 8.09 Found: C, 43.99; H, 3.19; N, 7.95 64-66 82
21 92 (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.23 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.12 (bs, 1H, NH),
8.02 (m, 3H, ArH, 7.49 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.92 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
2H, ArH), 4.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, CH.sub.2), 4.01 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
CH.sub.2), 3.55 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.62 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3), 494.0
C.sub.19H.sub.15F.sub.6N.sub.3O.sub.6.: C, 46.07; H, 3.05; N, 8.48
Found: C, 45.89; H, 3.16; N, 8.20 58-60 83 22 93 (CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 9.28 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.37 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.13 (m, 1H, ArH),
8.03 (m, 2H, ArH). 7.49 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
2H, ArH), 4.49 (d, J=9.3 Hz, CH.sub.2), 4.03 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 and
OH), 1.62 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 542.2 C.sub.19H.sub.15Cl
.sub.3F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.6.0.5H.sub.2 O:C, 41.21; H, 2.91; N,
7.59. Found: C, 41.07; H, 2.68; N, 7.65. 59-61 79 25 94
(CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.18 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.11 (d, J=1.8 Hz 1H, ArH),
7.98 (dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH),
7.26 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.99 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.84 (s,
2H, CH.dbd.CH), 4.48 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 4.02 (d, J=9.0
Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 3.57 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.59 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3) 458.1
C.sub.22H.sub.16F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub- .5: # C, 57.52; H, 3.51; N,
9.15. Found: C, 57.72; H, 3.72; N, 8.87. 144 --146 60 26 95
(CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.26 (bs, 1H, NH), 8.10 (s, 1H, ArH), 8.02 (m,
2H, ArH), 7.25 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.98 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH),
6.84 (s, 2H, CH.dbd.CH), 4.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 4.02 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 1H, CH.sub.2), 3.63 (bs, 1H, OH), 1.60 (s, 3H, CH.sub.3)
477.9 C.sub.21H.sub.16F.sub.3N.sub.3O.sub.7. 0.5H.sub.2O: C, 51.65;
H, 3.51; N, 8.60. Found: C, 51.63; H, 3.44; N, 8.35 82-84 # 67
[0414] It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that
the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly
shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the invention
is defined by the claims that follow:
* * * * *