U.S. patent application number 10/933585 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-21 for apparatus and method for locating, identifying and tracking vehicles in a parking area.
This patent application is currently assigned to Stratech Systems Limited. Invention is credited to Chew, David K. M..
Application Number | 20050083212 10/933585 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34271321 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050083212 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chew, David K. M. |
April 21, 2005 |
Apparatus and method for locating, identifying and tracking
vehicles in a parking area
Abstract
A method for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces,
the method comprising determining the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces; and displaying the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces to people seeking to park vehicles.
Inventors: |
Chew, David K. M.;
(Singapore, SG) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CONLEY ROSE, P.C.
P. O. BOX 3267
HOUSTON
TX
77253-3267
US
|
Assignee: |
Stratech Systems Limited
Singapore
SG
|
Family ID: |
34271321 |
Appl. No.: |
10/933585 |
Filed: |
September 3, 2004 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/932.2 ;
705/13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08G 1/14 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
340/932.2 ;
705/013 |
International
Class: |
G08G 001/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 3, 2003 |
SG |
200305650-4 |
Claims
1. A method for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces,
the method comprising: determining the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces; and displaying the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces to people seeking to park vehicles.
2. A method for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces,
the method comprising: determining one or more identifying features
of each of a plurality of vehicles located in vehicle parking
spaces; receiving a request to locate a specific vehicle with at
least one of said one or more identifying features; determining one
or more possible locations for said specific vehicle based on said
at least one of said one or more identifying features and the
determined one or more identifying features of each of a plurality
of vehicles; and displaying said one or more possible locations in
response to said request.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said one or more
identifying features comprise one or more of: the number plate, the
colour, the make and the model of a vehicle.
4. A system for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces,
the apparatus comprising: a detection unit for determining the
locations of vacant vehicle parking spaces; and a display unit for
displaying the locations of vacant vehicle parking spaces to people
seeking to park vehicles.
5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the detection unit
comprises a plurality of camera elements and an image processing
unit for processing images obtained by the camera elements, each
camera element surveying one or more of the vehicle parking
spaces.
6. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein each camera element is
arranged such that different cells of an image from the camera
element is associated with one vehicle parking space, and the image
processing determines the location of the vacant vehicle spaces
based on individual cells of the images.
7. The system as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the
display unit comprises one or more audio display devices and/or one
or more visual display devices.
8. The system as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the
display unit is arranged to communicate with one or more remote
devices for facilitating displaying the locations of the vacant
parking spaces.
9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the remote devices
comprise on-vehicle devices.
10. A system for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces,
the apparatus comprising: a first detection unit for determining
one or more identifying features of each of a plurality of vehicles
located in vehicle parking spaces; an interface unit for receiving
a request to locate a specific vehicle with at least one of said
one or more identifying features; a processing unit for determining
one or more possible locations for said specific vehicle based on
said at least one of said one or more identifying features and the
determined one or more identifying features of each of a plurality
of vehicles; and a display unit for displaying said one or more
possible locations in response to said request.
11. The system according to claim 10, further comprising: a second
detection unit for determining the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces; and the display unit further displays the locations
of vacant vehicle parking spaces to people seeking to park
vehicles.
12. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first and second
detection units are implemented in a single detection unit.
13. The system according to claim 10 or 12, wherein said one or
more identifying features comprise one or more of: the number
plate, the colour, the make and the model of a vehicle.
14. The system as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein
the first and/or second detection units comprise a plurality of
camera elements and an image processing unit for processing images
obtained by the camera elements, each camera element surveying one
or more of the vehicle parking spaces.
15. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein each camera element
is arranged such that different cells of an image from the camera
element is associated with one vehicle parking space, and the image
processing determines the location of the vacant vehicle spaces
based on individual cells of the images.
16. The system as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein
the display unit comprises one or more audio display devices and/or
one or more visual display devices.
17. The system as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 16, wherein
the display unit is arranged to communicate with one or more remote
devices for facilitating displaying the locations of the vacant
parking spaces.
18. The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the remote devices
comprise on-vehicle devices.
19. A method for automatically providing the occupancy status of
specific, individual car park spaces, and identifying the vehicles
that occupy them, comprising: processing one or more images of the
car park spaces to provide information regarding the locations and
numbers of empty and occupied car park spaces, and guidance
information to their locations; and processing one or more images
of the vehicles occupying car park spaces, to identify one or more
of their features, thereby to enable the accurate locating of the
vehicles, and to provide guidance information to their
locations.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the processing one or
more images of the vehicles occupying car park spaces comprises
processing said images of the vehicles to determine one or more of:
the number plate, the colour, the make and the model of the vehicle
in each image.
21. A computer readable data storage medium having stored thereon
computer code means for instructing a computer to execute a method
for use in the management of vehicle parking in a vehicle parking
area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces, the method
comprising: determining the locations of vacant vehicle parking
spaces; and displaying the locations of vacant vehicle parking
spaces to people seeking to park vehicles.
22. A computer readable data storage medium having stored thereon
computer code means for instructing a computer to execute a method
for use in the management of vehicle parking in a vehicle parking
area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces, the method
comprising: determining one or more identifying features of each of
a plurality of vehicles located in vehicle parking spaces;
receiving a request to locate a specific vehicle with at least one
of said one or more identifying features; determining one or more
possible locations for said specific vehicle based on said at least
one of said one or more identifying features and the determined one
or more identifying features of each of a plurality of vehicles;
and displaying said one or more possible locations in response to
said request.
23. A computer readable data storage medium having stored thereon
computer code means for instructing a computer to execute a for
automatically providing the occupancy status of specific,
individual car park spaces, and identifying the vehicles that
occupy them, comprising: processing one or more images of the car
park spaces to provide information regarding the locations and
numbers of empty and occupied car park spaces, and guidance
information to their locations; and processing one or more images
of the vehicles occupying car park spaces, to identify one or more
of their features, thereby to enable the accurate locating of the
vehicles, and to provide guidance information to their locations.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to vehicle parking. In particular, it
relates to apparatus and method for locating, identifying and
tracking vehicles in a car park.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A driver encounters many problems while parking vehicles in
a huge car park. For instance, in a crowded huge multi-storey car
park, it is difficult for a driver to remember where his/her
vehicle is parked. Often it is a frustrating experience to search
for his/her vehicle. Quite often, it is difficult for a driver to
locate an empty parking space to park his/her vehicle in a huge car
park, despite being informed that numerous parking spaces are
available. Precious time is wasted by drivers when he/she cannot
remember where the vehicle is parked or not being in a position to
trace an empty parking space. The present car parking systems are
not efficient enough for a car park operator to ease the problems
mentioned above. Slow vehicle retrieval and delay in searching for
empty lots results in problems, such as delayed exit of vehicles,
increased car park jams, less effective parking capacity, and poor
car park utilisation. Furthermore, motorists are at great
inconvenience, and may even result in discouraging others from
parking in such car parks. For the car park operators, these
problems translate directly to revenue loss. This in turn, reduces
the revenue of the shop keepers or businessmen who are present in a
building having such a car park.
[0003] Presently, some car parks have addressed the above problems
to some extent. Some car parks provide empty lot information. For
example, a car park is divided into many different zones and
vehicle detection sensors are installed between each zone to count
the numbers of vehicles coming in and going out of a zone. These
vehicle sensors provide information to derive the number of
vehicles parked inside each zone. Other systems involve the
installation of vehicle detection sensors (infra red, proximity, or
light sensors, etc) for each parking lot, thus providing parking
lot availability information. However, the existing car park
systems have many drawbacks, including inability to determine when
specific lots become available, high infrastructural costs, high
per car park lot equipment, high installation and maintenance
costs. Moreover, existing methods are based on the principle of
counting of vehicles or the occupation of lots.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method for use in the management of vehicle
parking in a vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle
parking spaces. The method comprises determining the locations of
vacant vehicle parking spaces and displaying the locations of
vacant vehicle parking spaces to people seeking to park
vehicles.
[0005] In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method for use in the management of vehicle
parking in a vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle
parking spaces. The method comprises determining one or more
identifying features of each of a plurality of vehicles located in
vehicle parking spaces, receiving a request to locate a specific
vehicle with at least one of said one or more identifying features,
determining one or more possible locations for said specific
vehicle based on said at least one of said one or more identifying
features and the determined one or more identifying features of
each of a plurality of vehicles, and displaying said one or more
possible locations in response to said request. The one or more
identifying features may comprise one or more of: the number plate,
the color, the make and the model of a vehicle.
[0006] In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a system for use in the management of vehicle
parking in a vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle
parking spaces. The apparatus comprises a detection unit for
determining the locations of vacant vehicle parking spaces and a
display unit. The display unit displays the locations of vacant
vehicle parking spaces to people seeking to park vehicles. The
detection unit may comprise a plurality of camera elements and an
image processing unit for processing images obtained by the camera
elements. Each camera element surveying one or more of the vehicle
parking spaces. Each camera element may be arranged such that
different cells of an image from the camera element is associated
with one vehicle parking space, and the image processing determines
the location of the vacant vehicle spaces based on individual cells
of the images. The display unit may comprise one or more audio
display devices and/or one or more visual display devices. The
display unit may be arranged to communicate with one or more remote
devices for facilitating displaying the locations of the vacant
parking spaces. The remote devices may comprise on-vehicle
devices.
[0007] In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a system for use in the management of vehicle
parking in a vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle
parking spaces. The apparatus comprises a first detection unit for
determining one or more identifying features of each of a plurality
of vehicles located in vehicle parking spaces, an interface unit
for receiving a request to locate a specific vehicle with at least
one of said one or more identifying features, a processing unit for
determining one or more possible locations for said specific
vehicle based on said at least one of said one or more identifying
features and the determined one or more identifying features of
each of a plurality of vehicles, and a display unit for displaying
said one or more possible locations in response to said request.
The system may further comprise a second detection unit for
determining the locations of vacant vehicle parking spaces. The
display unit further displays the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces to people seeking to park vehicles. The first and
second detection units may be implemented in a single detection
unit. The one or more identifying features may comprise one or more
of: the number plate, the color, the make and the model of a
vehicle. The first and/or second detection units may comprise a
plurality of camera elements and an image processing unit for
processing images obtained by the camera elements, each camera
element surveying one or more of the vehicle parking spaces. Each
camera element may be arranged such that different cells of an
image from the camera element is associated with one vehicle
parking space, and the image processing determines the location of
the vacant vehicle spaces based on individual cells of the images.
The display unit may comprise one or more audio display devices
and/or one or more visual display devices. The display unit may be
arranged to communicate with one or more remote devices for
facilitating displaying the locations of the vacant parking spaces.
The remote devices may comprise on-vehicle devices.
[0008] In accordance with a fifth aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method for automatically providing the
occupancy status of specific, individual car park spaces, and
identifying the vehicles that occupy them. The method comprises
processing one or more images of the car park spaces to provide
information regarding the locations and numbers of empty and
occupied car park spaces, and guidance information to their
locations and processing one or more images of the vehicles
occupying car park spaces, to identify one or more of their
features, thereby to enable the accurate locating of the vehicles,
and to provide guidance information to their locations. Processing
one or more images of the vehicles occupying car park spaces may
comprise processing said images of the vehicles to determine one or
more of: the number plate, the color, the make and the model of the
vehicle in each image.
[0009] In accordance with a sixth aspect of the present invention
there is provided a computer readable data storage medium having
stored thereon computer code means for instructing a computer to
execute a method for use in the management of vehicle parking in a
vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle parking spaces.
The method comprises determining the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces and displaying the locations of vacant vehicle
parking spaces to people seeking to park vehicles.
[0010] In accordance with a seventh aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a computer readable data storage
medium having stored thereon computer code means for instructing a
computer to execute a method for use in the management of vehicle
parking in a vehicle parking area having a plurality of vehicle
parking spaces. The method comprises determining one or more
identifying features of each of a plurality of vehicles located in
vehicle parking spaces, receiving a request to locate a specific
vehicle with at least one of said one or more identifying features,
determining one or more possible locations for said specific
vehicle based on said at least one of said one or more identifying
features and the determined one or more identifying features of
each of a plurality of vehicles, and displaying said one or more
possible locations in response to said request.
[0011] In accordance with an eighth aspect of the present
invention, there is provided a computer readable data storage
medium having stored thereon computer code means for instructing a
computer to execute a for automatically providing the occupancy
status of specific, individual car park spaces, and identifying the
vehicles that occupy them. The code comprises processing one or
more images of the car park spaces to provide information regarding
the locations and numbers of empty and occupied car park spaces,
and guidance information to their locations, and processing one or
more images of the vehicles occupying car park spaces, to identify
one or more of their features, thereby to enable the accurate
locating of the vehicles, and to provide guidance information to
their locations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The invention is further described by way of non-limitative
examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0013] FIG. 1 shows a System Concept Diagram of an embodiment of
the invention;
[0014] FIG. 2 shows an example embodiment of a high level process
flow diagram for use with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of the invention
complementing an integrated deployment of a Car Park System;
and
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a computer system in accord with a
preferred embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The System Concept Diagram 100 of an embodiment of the
invention is presented in FIG. 1. The embodiment of the invention
describes an apparatus and method for automatically providing the
occupancy status of specific, individual car park lots 101 or
spaces, and identifying each of the vehicles 103 that occupy them.
The provision of occupancy status of the car park lots 101 is
achieved by processing one or more images of the car park lots 101
to provide information regarding the locations and numbers of empty
and occupied car park lots 101, and guidance information to locate
the car park lots 101. The identification of vehicles 103 is
achieved by processing one or more images of the vehicles 103,
which may include identifying the license plate (i.e., a series of
number and/or characters) of vehicles 103, providing the accurate
location (e.g., in which car park lot and where is that lot within
the entire car park) of vehicles 103 by identifying by one or more
of their features (e.g. colour, model, brand etc of a car), and
providing guidance information to locate the vehicles 103. The
apparatus and method can be extended to provide vehicle-related
information, such as parking lot booking/reservation, parking
enforcement, car park surveillance, vehicle look-up, traffic flow
analysis, and congestion regulation.
[0018] A camera network 105 having a plurality of cameras 107 is
installed inside and/or outside of a vehicle parking facility to
monitor continuously some or all of the parking lots 101 and/or
vehicle lanes for the presence/absence and movement of objects,
people and vehicles 103. The camera network 105 may be wired or
wireless 106.
[0019] The images acquired by the camera sensor network 105 are
transmitted through wired or wireless network 111 to a network of
Image Processing and Camera Control Units (IPCCUs) 113 via an array
of video multiplexes/switches 109. The IPCCUs network 113 comprises
a plurality discrete IPCCUs 115 each of which may be assigned to
process the images from the camera network 105. Each of the IPCCUs
115 process the images that are channeled to them using built-in
advanced adaptive self-learning image-processing algorithms that
are stored in the memory of the IPCCU 115. These algorithms deduce
the status of the car park, and transmit the car park status
through wired or wireless network 117 to the Locator Central
Controller 125.
[0020] Apart from the IPCCUs 115, the image-processing algorithms
may also be located in the locator central controller 125, the
video multiplex/switch 109 or camera units 107. However, a typical
design will involve placing most (if not all) of the image
processing algorithms (e.g. those for car park lot status
determination and vehicle image acquisition and feature processing)
at the IPCCUs 115. In some cases, the central controller 125 may
also host certain image processing algorithms. The IPCCU 115 and
central controller 125 could be provided in the same machine.
[0021] Given the car park status from the IPCCUs 115, the central
controller 125 facilitates value-added services and extends them to
the users, which include, but not limited to, car park customers,
operators and owners. To deliver these services to the users, the
locator central controller 125 uses a variety of means to interact
with the users and/or external systems. These interactive means
include, but not limited to, in-vehicle units 131, audio devices
121, video devices 119, mobile devices 139, computers 133, LED
panels, plasma display panels, and signage 123, located e.g. at a
junction within the car park, or at a self-service kiosk. The
signage 123 may guide a driver in the direction of empty parking
lots. The communication between the locator central controller 125
and external interactive means may be wired or wireless 127,
128.
[0022] A High Level Process Flow Diagram 200 of an example
embodiment of the invention is presented in FIG. 2. The flow
diagram 200 comprises three basic blocks, namely a camera sensor
network 202, an image processing and camera control unit 204, and a
central controller 206. The process flow starts at step 201. At
step 208, a camera sensor from a plurality of camera sensor network
202 in a car park repeatedly captures a sequence of a respective
car park cell images. The captured cell images are sent for
processing at a respective IPCCU from a plurality of IPCCUs 204,
the processing being done at fixed or dynamic time intervals. At
the IPCCUs 204, images received at step 205 are processed and
segmented into vehicle and non-vehicle objects.
[0023] At step 209, the non-vehicle objects are further processed
to determine the event status by analysing the current and previous
images and the image database is updated. Previous non-vehicle
object databases are stored and retrieved at step 203. Incident
status database are stored and retrieved at step 211. At step 217,
each of the non-vehicle object is identified by its features and
the incident status of the car park is formulated and updated in
the database.
[0024] At step 215, the vehicle objects are further processed to
determine the event status by analysing the current and previous
images and the image database is updated. Previous vehicle object
databases are stored and retrieved at step 207. Parking status
database are stored and retrieved at step 213. At step 219, each of
the vehicle object is identified by its features and the parking
status of the car park is formulated and updated in the
database.
[0025] The combined output from step 217 (details of the incident
status) and 219 (details of parking status) are channelled to a
respective central controller (of a plurality of central
controllers 206) and are stored in a respective central controller
at step 221.
[0026] From the data stored at step 221, services, such as vacant
lot location application 223, parked vehicle location application
225, vacant lot booking application 227, vehicle look-up
application 229, car park surveillance application 231, traffic
flow enquiry application 233, congestion pricing application 235,
etc are made available on a respective graphic user interface
(GUI). At step 237, the processing is terminated.
[0027] The above embodiment of the invention, besides being
deployed as a standalone system, can be used to complement a car
park system. FIG. 3 shows an example embodiment of an integrated
deployment system 300.
[0028] The car park system 300, regulates vehicles 325 entering and
leaving parking facility 306 by charging the users a parking fee.
In order to provide supplemental value added services to the
drivers and the car park operators, the system 300 is deployed in
parallel with the car park system 100 described in the above
embodiment. Supplemental services include but not limited to,
vacant lots locating, parked vehicles locating, vacant lots
reservation, vehicle safety surveillance, illegal parking
enforcement, parked vehicle look-up, traffic flow forecast, and
congestion control.
[0029] In the example embodiment of the integrated deployment
system 300, a field controller 305 and an IPCCUs 307 are shown to
be independently deployed. Alternatively, the field controller 305
and the IPCCU 307 can be integral. The integrated car park system
in the example embodiment uses separate network of cameras 311, 317
to identify vehicles. Alternatively the car park system 100 as
described above and the integrated deployment system 300 can
potentially share the same cameras network.
[0030] A vehicle 325 enters the car park at entry points 333 and
exits the car park at exit points 331. The entry point has a
barrier 319 to block vehicles before entering the car park 306.
Similarly, the exit point has a barrier 315 to block vehicles
before exiting the car park 306.
[0031] The field controller 305 controls the opening and closing of
the barriers 315, 319 depending on whether payment for parking was
done before a vehicle exits the car park.
[0032] The field controllers 305, IPCCUs 307 and central
controllers 301, 303 are typically located in a car park central
control room 302. The communication between the field controllers
305, IPCCUs 307 and central controllers is through a common private
communication network 304. This network 304 can be either wired
such as, but not limited to, LAN and Serial, or wireless such as,
but not limited to, wireless LAN 802.11a. The communication between
the cameras 311 mounted inside the car park may be wired or
wireless 337, whilst the communication between the cameras 317
mounted outside the car park may be wired or wireless 339.
[0033] The car park central controller 301 regulates the entry and
exit of vehicles 325, and the locator central controller 303 tracks
and monitors the vehicles 325 while they are within the car park
premises 306. Although the car park central controller 301 and the
locator central controller 303 is shown to be standalone and
independent systems, in case the car park central controller 301 is
a microprocessor-based system, the two central controllers 301, 303
can share the same microprocessor-based system i.e. the controllers
301, 303 can be integral.
[0034] The embodiment of the invention employs computer vision and
information technology to detect and analyse events inside and
outside car parks 306 which, in turn, activates sub-systems based
on the analysis to provide value-added services to the customers,
operators and owners of car parks.
[0035] Cameras 311,317 are respectively mounted on the inside and
outside of a car park premises 306. The car park 306 is divided
into an array of physically labeled cells for monitoring and
identification purposes. Each car park cell, at any given time, may
contain objects, people and/or vehicles 325. Each cell is being
monitored and analysed repeatedly at a pre-defined time interval
for one or more event status. These event status for vehicles
parking, include, but not limited to, lot-vacant, lot-occupied,
lot-in-transit, no-vehicle, vehicle-towards, vehicle-away, and
vehicle-stop. The event status for car park surveillance, include,
but not limited to, no-human, human-towards, human-away,
crowd-towards, crowd-away, and crowd-stop.
[0036] Given the event status related to vehicle parking being
defined continuously by the IPCCU 307 for each car park cell, the
real-time parking status of the entire car park can be derived and
stored in the database of the central controller 301, 303. This
information of the car park status is updated on a regular time
interval to facilitate accurate retrieval of information when
needed.
[0037] Status related to vehicles parking includes, but not limited
to,
[0038] 1. Number of vacant lots in the car park
[0039] 2. Location of a vacant lot by its lot ID
[0040] 3. Location of a parked vehicle by its unique features
[0041] 4. Congestion level at a particular car park cell
[0042] Status related to car park surveillance includes, but not
limited to:
[0043] 1. Alert level of a particular car park cell based on
density and pattern of movement
[0044] 2. Alert level of a particular parked vehicle based on
unusual movement pattern around the vehicle
[0045] With the above status parameters defined in real-time, the
following services of the embodiment of the invention can be
deployed:
[0046] 1. Parking vacancy locating system to assist the drivers to
identify and locate vacant lots
[0047] 2. Parked vehicle locating system to assist the drivers to
identify and locate their parked vehicles
[0048] 3. Parking reservation system to allow remote booking of
vacant parking lots
[0049] 4. Parking enforcement system to prevent illegal parking or
use of facility
[0050] 5. Intelligent car park surveillance system to detect
unusual events in the car park, for example: noticeable sweating,
loitering, fidgeting movements, damaging vehicles, etc.
[0051] 6. Graphical vehicle search system for visual identification
of vehicles
[0052] 7. Traffic flow analysis system to broadcast congested areas
within the car park premise
[0053] 8. Congestion pricing system for balancing the utilisation
of the car park
[0054] To deliver the above services to the users, one of more of
the following information disseminating techniques can be
employed:
[0055] 1. In-vehicle information devices via wireless
communication
[0056] 2. Mobile devices such as PDA and mobile phones via wireless
communication
[0057] 3. Desktop and lap top computer systems over Intranet and
Internet
[0058] 4. Roadside and in-building infrastructure such as LED
panels and plasma screens
[0059] 5. Auto-pay stations and self-service kiosks via LAN
[0060] 6. Car park attendants and customer service representatives
over the counter
[0061] The cameras 311 can be used for surveillance, e.g. for
detecting abnormal movement of people or anything from the list of
unusual events mentioned above. For example, if a person were found
loitering in any particular area for more than a certain period of
time, a PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom) camera would automatically zoom in to
capture an image of the person and alert the relevant authorities.
The system can also store the image for further reference. This
would help in apprehending suspicious characters and to reduce car
theft and vandalism.
[0062] Main components of the above example embodiment are listed
below:
[0063] 1. Camera Sensor Network
[0064] A single or network of cameras 311, 317 to monitor a region
of interest inside and/or outside of a car park 306 and to provide
the features mentioned above.
[0065] The camera sensor network provides image/data acquisition by
cameras 311, 317 installed to cover one or more car park lots 335.
Some cameras 311, 317 are installed for monitoring the lanes or
other non-parking areas within the car park to provide value added
services mentioned above.
[0066] For multi-cameras deployment, at least one video
switches/multiplexers 309, 321, 323 is required to channel the
images to the IPCCUs 307. For single camera deployment, images can
be streamed directly to the IPCCU 307 or the Central Controllers
301, 303. In the case of single camera deployment the use of, video
switch/multiplexer 309, 321, 323 becomes optional.
[0067] Some or all the cameras 311, 317 can be mounted on PTZ
platforms, if necessary. The means to control these PTZ platforms
may be a function of the cameras if the cameras are equipped with
embedded microprocessors, or can be remotely controlled by the
IPCCUs 307.
[0068] Cameras 311, 317 built-in with an embedded microprocessor,
can be dynamically programmed to pre-evaluate the quality of each
image taken, and intelligently adjust the PTZ to obtain additional
images until an image with acceptable quality is found. If no
acceptable image is obtained after a predefined period of time, the
system proceeds to the next task and a notification is activated to
prompt the operator for appropriate action.
[0069] Some or all cameras 311, 317 can be high-performance cameras
that are capable of monitoring the region of interest with some or
none of the PTZ functions.
[0070] Apart from cameras, it is possible to include other sensors
in the system. The camera may also be network compatible, such that
it can be interfaced directly to the IPCCU 307 or central
controllers 301, 303 via e.g. an IP network 304.
[0071] The connection from the cameras 311, 317 to the
switches/multiplexers 309, 321, 323, and from the
switches/multiplexers 309, 321, 323 to IPCCUs 307 can be either
wired, or wireless 337, 339.
[0072] 2. Image Processing and Camera Control Unit (IPCCU)
[0073] A microprocessor-based system converts the images
transmitted from the video switches/multiplexers 309, 321, 323
directly from the cameras 311, 317, and implements the primary
features mentioned above.
[0074] For each switch/multiplexer 309, 321, 323, one IPCCUs 307 is
be needed to process the images and channel the outcomes to the
Central Controller 301, 303 of the embodiment of the invention. If
no switch/multiplexer 309, 321, 323 is deployed, the images will be
channeled directly from the cameras to either the IPCCU 307 or the
Central Controller 301, 303. In the latter case, the Central
Controller 301, 303 assumes the role of the IPCCU 307.
[0075] Each IPCCU 307 employs proprietary advanced adaptive
self-learning image processing algorithms to perform real-time
identification/classific- ation/location of vehicles 325, and
real-time detection/location of vacant/occupied parking lots 335.
The system also determines the identity of the vehicle at each
occupied parking lot 335.
[0076] If the cameras 311, 317 are mounted on a PTZ platform do not
have embedded microprocessors, the IPCCU 307 assumes the role of
controlling the PTZ platform.
[0077] If the cameras 311, 317 or video switches/multiplexers 309,
321, 323 have built-in embedded microprocessors, the embedded
microprocessors could potentially perform the processing functions
of the IPCCU 307. In such case, there is no need for IPCCU 307.
[0078] IPCCUs 307 communicates with the Central Controller 301, 303
through either a wired, or a wireless network 304. Possible
networks 304 include, but not limited to, Local Area Network (LAN),
Wide Area Network (WAN), Wireless LAN 802.11a, and WIFI
802.11b.
[0079] 3. Central Controller 301, 303
[0080] A microprocessor-based system that accepts information from
the IPCCUs as input, re-configures the information, and implements
secondary and other features of the example embodiment. There can
be more than one central controller 301, 303 in a system.
[0081] The central controller 301, 303 in the example embodiment
employs proprietary advanced software engineering to implement
software applications that allow the users to locate vacant lots,
locate parked vehicles, book vacant lots, enforce parking rules,
detect incidents, look-up parked vehicles, analyse traffic flow,
and regulate car park utilisation.
[0082] For the purpose of exchanging information with the users,
central controller 301, 303 can be built with interface for devices
such as, but not limited to, in-vehicle units 131, audio devices
121, video devices 119, mobile devices 139, computers 133, LED
panels, plasma display panels, and self-service kiosk 123. The
communication between the central controllers 301,303 and the
devices can be either wired or wireless.
[0083] To enable the connection with external devices and systems,
central controller can be equipped with communication channels such
as, but not limited to, serial ports, parallel ports, Universal
Serial Buses (USB), least lines, Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN), Local Area Network (LAN), and Wide Area Network
(WAN). The central controller could also host web services for a
user to access the stated service via the Internet.
[0084] As an alternative to vacant lot 335 detection, it may be,
for example, possible to use light sensors installed at each lot
335 to detect the present of vehicle at the lot 335, or induction
loop sensors embedded under the surface of the flooring to count
vehicles 325 entering and leaving a parking zone.
[0085] Secondary components of an embodiment of the invention are
listed below:
[0086] 1. In-Vehicle Units (IUs) 131 and On-board Units (OBUs) for
accessing incident and parking status
[0087] 2. Computer terminals 133 and Self-service Kiosks 123 for
accessing incident and parking status
[0088] 3. Hand-held mobile devices 139 such as, but not limited to
mobile phones and PDAs for accessing incident and parking
status
[0089] 4. Roadside display medium such as, but not limited to LED
and plasma-display panels for disseminating incident and parking
status
[0090] 5. Audio and Visual devices 119, 121 for generating alerts
based on incident and parking status
[0091] 6. Other IT systems such as, but not limited to web server,
modems, leased lines, hubs, switches, routers and appliances that
help disseminating incident and parking status to the general
public.
[0092] The invention, as embodied can locate a vehicle by its
visual features (i.e., not requiring to place any identification
tag or label on any part of the vehicle) including possibly its
license plate identifier (i.e., a series of number and/or
characters), and map it to a specific location including possibly a
particular parking lot inside or outside of a car park.
[0093] Although the above embodiment relates to use of the
invention in a car park, the present invention may also have other
applications, including in the monitoring, verification, and
enforcement of street parking.
[0094] In case of the application to street parking, an example
embodiment may have cameras strategically located at buildings or
other high vantage points along the street to monitor parking lots
along the street. These cameras provide real-time information on
vacant and occupied lots along the street, similar to those
provided for car parks in a building or open air. For example, if a
driver is looking for an empty lot to park his car, a display board
can inform him whether there is any vacant lot in the side road
before he turns into it.
[0095] As a driver is about to reverse into a parking lot, the
camera detects this phenomenon and triggers a PTZ camera to capture
the license plate of the vehicle. After the car is properly parked,
the system will capture the time, which will be the commencement of
parking fee. Similarly, when a car is about to leave a parking lot,
this phenomenon is noticed by the scanning camera and the PTZ
camera is activated to monitor the event and captures the time that
the car leaves the parking lot.
[0096] Payment of parking charges can be through cash card, where a
booth can be positioned at the driver's side of the road for him to
insert the cash card into a reader. Alternatively, if the city has
implemented Electronic Toll Collection for use of its roads and
highways, a similar device can be triggered by the camera system to
deduct the parking charges.
[0097] There will also be information kiosks conveniently located
along the streets for the drivers to enquire about the location
where he has parked his car, and how much parking charge has been
incurred before he reaches to his/her car.
[0098] The primary usage of the information from an example
embodiment of the invention may be for real-time identification or
classification of vehicles, locating of the vehicles within the car
park premises, and enabling the look-up of vehicles based on a set
of search criteria.
[0099] The basic functionality of the example embodiment described
include:
1 Real-time Real-time identification of vehicles by one or more
identification/ features (e.g. model label, colour, contour, size)
classification of obtained through the processing of one or more
vehicles images of the vehicles in real-time, which may include
their license plate identifier (i.e., a series of number and/or
characters). By associating the features with a set of predefined
classification information, the class of the vehicles can be
derived. Real-time detection Real-time detection of
vehicle-presence at a of vehicle-presence predefined location
within the premises of a car at a predefined park by processing one
or more images of the location within the predefined location. The
predefined locations can premise of a car be labeled car park lots
within the car park. In such park case, the number of empty and
occupied lots within the car park at any given time can be
determined. Real-time looking- Real-time mapping of identified
and/or classified up of vehicles vehicles to predefined locations
detected with within the premise vehicle-presence. With this
mapping, vehicles of a car park within the car park premise can be
located based on a fully or partially matched set of search
criteria. This set of search criteria shall consist of the features
of the vehicles, which may include their license plate identifier
(i.e., a series of number and/or characters).
[0100] Other usage of the information from the described embodiment
may be for parking lot booking/reservation, parking and vehicle
locating guidance, and illegal parking enforcement.
[0101] Further features of the example embodiment of the invention
may include:
2 Real-time parking Real-time parking lot booking/reservation
service lot booking/ can be provided to users through various
possible reservation service customer service channels, including
telephone, mobile phone, internet, kiosk, SMS, etc. Real-time
parked Knowing the location of the enquiry source and the vehicle
locating location of the vehicle, a predefined set of guidance
service directional instructions can be provided to show the best
way from the location of the inquiry source to the location of the
vehicle. This can be accomplished through the use of information
dissemination means such as electronic signage. Real-time vacant
Knowing the location of entrances to the car park as parking lot
locating well as the vacant lots' location, directional guidance
service instructions can be provided for users to locate an
available, booked or reserved lot. This can be accomplished through
the use of an information dissemination means such as electronic
signage. Real-time illegal By mapping the vehicle to their parking
location, parking enforcement the policy of reserved parking can be
managed service and enforced.
[0102] Yet other features of an example embodiment may include
several value-added services, including:
3 Intelligent Monitor the objects, people and vehicles at a
surveillance of car predefined location within a car park premise,
park for effective and apply advanced image-processing management
of algorithms to intelligently analyse the activities incidents
within the at that location to detect incidents such as car park
premise abnormal events, crimes, vehicle breakdowns, call-for-help,
or suspicious behaviours. Display and Display graphical live car
park images that is linked indexing of live car to the digital map
of the car park to assist the users, park images for such as the
driver, the customer service personnel, efficient look-up of the
valet service attendance, security officer, or vehicles others, to
visually locate and identify the vehicle of interest. Broadcasting
of car Broadcast the traffic flow conditions inside the car park's
traffic flow park by means of signage and/or other visual condition
for easing indicators to the users. These include indicating of
traffic congestion congested lanes (paths or routes) within the car
park within the car park along which vehicles searching for lots or
exiting the car park may take. This is based on the images and
visual information produced by the cameras and image processing
programs. This information may also be a result of data from other
subsystems or sensors. This value-add feature can be used together
with Secondary Feature #3. Strategic charging Apply differential
parking charges to vehicles and guidance of based on their parked
locations, and/or parking vehicles for strategically direct
in-coming vehicles to less effective utilisation popular car park
locations so that parked vehicles of car park lots. are effectively
distributed across the car park.
[0103] The method and system of the example embodiment can be
implemented on a computer system 800, schematically shown in FIG.
4. It may be implemented as software, such as a computer program
being executed within the computer system 800, and instructing the
computer system 800 to conduct the method of the example
embodiment.
[0104] The computer system 800 comprises a computer module 802,
input modules such as a keyboard 804 and mouse 806 and a plurality
of output devices such as a display 808, and printer 810.
[0105] The computer module 802 is connected to a computer network
812 via a suitable transceiver device 814, to enable access to e.g.
the Internet or other network systems such as Local Area Network
(LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN).
[0106] The computer module 802 in the example includes a processor
818, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 820 and a Read Only Memory (ROM)
822. The computer module 802 also includes a number of Input/Output
(I/O) interfaces, for example I/O interface 824 to the display 808,
and I/O interface 826 to the keyboard 804.
[0107] The components of the computer module 802 typically
communicate via and interconnected bus 828 and in a manner known to
the person skilled in the relevant art.
[0108] The application program is typically supplied to the user of
the computer system 800 encoded on a data storage medium such as a
CD-ROM or floppy disk and read utilising a corresponding data
storage medium drive of a data storage device 830. The application
program is read and controlled in its execution by the processor
818. Intermediate storage of program data maybe accomplished using
RAM 820.
[0109] It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that
numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present
invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing
from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The
present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all
respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
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