U.S. patent application number 10/958368 was filed with the patent office on 2005-04-14 for oxygen-absorbing resin composition and packaging container, packaging material, cap or liner material having oxygen absorbability.
This patent application is currently assigned to TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD.. Invention is credited to Goryoda, Toshio, Kogure, Masahito, Koyama, Masayasu, Maruhashi, Yoshitsugu, Mukuno, Shogo, Oda, Yasuhiro.
Application Number | 20050079306 10/958368 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34426978 |
Filed Date | 2005-04-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050079306 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Koyama, Masayasu ; et
al. |
April 14, 2005 |
Oxygen-absorbing resin composition and packaging container,
packaging material, cap or liner material having oxygen
absorbability
Abstract
A thermoplastic resin composition containing an oxygen-absorbing
agent, wherein a resin matrix of the thermoplastic resin
composition is substantially non-compatible and is composed of a
blend of thermoplastic resins or elastomers, and the non-compatible
thermoplastic resins and elastomers are present as a non-uniformly
distributed structure in the resin matrix. The packaging container
or cap of this invention suppresses the lowering of flavor
retention incident to the dissolving out of the oxygen absorbing
agent or its oxidation product even after retorting sterization.
The preservability of the contents and flavor retention can be
achieved for a long period of time. According to a preferred
embodiment, the oxygen absorbing speed can be increased. After
storage for a long time, or after heat sterilization, a rugged
state does not occur. There can be formed the oxygen-absorbing
resin composition and the packaging container having excellent
outer appearance.
Inventors: |
Koyama, Masayasu; (Zushi,
JP) ; Kogure, Masahito; (Yokohama, JP) ; Oda,
Yasuhiro; (Yokohama, JP) ; Maruhashi, Yoshitsugu;
(Yokohama, JP) ; Goryoda, Toshio; (Yokohama,
JP) ; Mukuno, Shogo; (Nakatsu, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE MION, PLLC
2100 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N.W.
SUITE 800
WASHINGTON
DC
20037
US
|
Assignee: |
TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD.
|
Family ID: |
34426978 |
Appl. No.: |
10/958368 |
Filed: |
October 6, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10958368 |
Oct 6, 2004 |
|
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09304841 |
May 5, 1999 |
|
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09304841 |
May 5, 1999 |
|
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08954077 |
Oct 20, 1997 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
428/35.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 15/20 20130101;
A23L 3/3436 20130101; B65D 81/267 20130101; Y10T 428/1352 20150115;
B32B 27/32 20130101; B32B 7/12 20130101; B32B 27/08 20130101; B32B
2553/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/035.7 |
International
Class: |
B65D 001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 18, 1996 |
JP |
275976/96 |
Apr 1, 1999 |
JP |
95250/99 |
Claims
1. (canceled).
2. (canceled).
3. (canceled).
4. (canceled).
5. (canceled).
6. (canceled).
7. (canceled).
8. (canceled).
9. (canceled).
10. (canceled).
11. (canceled).
12. (canceled).
13. (canceled).
14. (canceled).
15. (canceled).
16. An oxygen-absorbing packaging material wherein from the inside
of the packing toward the outside of the packing, a laminated body
is obtained by conjugating a laminated body composed of a
polyolefin inner surface material/an oxygen absorbing agent layer
composed of a composition comprising a polyolefin and an oxygen
absorbing agent/a polyolefin buffering layer, a laminated body
composed of an aluminum foil and an oriented nylon and/or a
polyester, or an inorganic vapor-deposited plastic film in a
position relationship so that the aluminum foil or the inorganic
vapor-deposited layer is opposed to the oxygen absorbing
laminate.
17. An oxygen-absorbing packaging material according to claim 16
wherein the polyolefin in the oxygen-absorbing agent layer is
composed of a plurality of blends of polyolefins which are
substantially non-compatible, and the plurality of polyolefins form
a non-uniformly distributed structure.
18. An oxygen-absorbing packaging material according to claim 17
wherein the polyolefins are a propylene-type polymer (A) and an
ethylene-type polymer (B), and are a blend of polymers A:B in a
weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:1.
19. An oxygen-absorbing packaging material of claim 16 wherein the
oxygen absorbing agent is composed of the reducing iron powder and
a layer of an oxygen promoting agent and a catalyst stuck to the
surface of the reducing iron powder, and the oxygen promoting agent
and the catalyst are present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight
based on the reducing iron powder, and the oxygen absorbing agent
particle has a specific surface area of at least 0.5 m.sup.2/g and
an apparent density of 2.2 g/cc.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser.
No. 09/304,841 filed May 5, 1999, which is a continuation-in-part
application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/954,077 filed Oct. 20,
1997; the above-noted applications incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] (1) Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to an oxygen-absorbing resin
composition and a packaging container, a packaging material, a cap
or a liner material having oxygen absorbability. More particularly,
it relates to an oxygen-absorbing resin composition having a
non-uniform multilayer distributed structure in which the stress
produced by volume expansion through an oxidation reaction of an
oxygen absorbing agent can be alleviated within the resin
composition and also relates to a packaging material, a packaging
container, a cap, and a liner material for caps which have an
oxygen-absorbability, and excellent preserbability of the
contents.
[0004] (2) Prior Art
[0005] Metal cans, glass bottles and various plastic containers
have heretofore been used as packaging containers. Among them,
plastic containers have been used in a variety of applications
owing to their light weights, shock resistance and cost.
[0006] However, though no oxygen is permitted to permeate through
the walls of the metal cans and glass bottles, oxygen permeates
through the walls of the plastic containers to an extent that
cannot be neglected, arousing a problem from the standpoint of
preserving the contents.
[0007] In order to prevent this, the walls of the plastic
containers are formed in a multi-layer structure and in which one
layer is composed of a resin having resistance against the
permeation of oxygen, such as ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer.
[0008] An oxygen-absorbing agent has long been used in order to
remove oxygen in the container. An example of using the
oxygen-absorbing agent in the container wall has been disclosed in
Japanese Patent Publication No. 1824/1987, according to which a
layer obtained by blending an oxygen permeable resin with an
oxygen-absorbing agent comprising chiefly a reducing substance is
laminated on a layer that does not permit the permeation of the
oxygen gas, in order to realize a multi-layer structure for
packaging.
[0009] The oxygen-absorbing agent of the iron type features a large
oxygen-absorbing rate and a large oxygen-absorbing capacity, and is
advantageous from the standpoint of cost. When iron and the
compounds thereof elute out into the content, however, the content
loses flavor though the amount of elution may be very small.
[0010] In order to prevent the iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent
from eluting into the content, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open
Patent Publication No. 114371/1998, means has been employed in
which a resin layer without blended with the oxygen-absorbing agent
is applied onto the inner and outer surfaces of the resin layer
blended with the iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent in order to
prevent the iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent from being
exposed.
[0011] It was, however, learned that the elution of iron or a
compound thereof into the content is not sufficiently prevented by
simply applying a thermoplastic resin layer without blended with an
oxygen-absorbing agent onto both sides of the thermoplastic resin
layer that is blended with the iron-type oxygen-absorbing
agent.
[0012] That is, the iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent in the layer
remains completely covered with the thermoplastic resin layers that
are not blended with the oxygen-absorbing agent within not long
periods of time after the production of the multi-layer plastic
containers. When the multi-layer plastic containers are preserved
for extended periods of time, however, particles of the iron-type
oxygen-absorbing agent penetrate through the thermoplastic resin
coating layers and are exposed to the outside of the coating
layers. As the particles penetrate through, the oxygen-absorbing
agent elutes into the content to deteriorate the flavor in addition
to the factor of oxygen.
[0013] This tendency is especially conspicuous in the case of
retorting sterilization.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present inventors have conducted keen study concerning
the causes and have discovered the fact that in the
oxygen-absorbing multi-layer plastic container after preserved for
long periods of time, the particles comprising the oxygen-absorbing
agent or the oxidized product thereof grow or increase the volume
thereof due to the reaction of the iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent
with oxygen, and penetrate through the thermoplastic resin
protection layer and break the protection layer.
[0015] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide
an oxygen absorbing resin composition in which another resin
composition layer which is laminated with the layer of the resin
composition of the present invention is not affected by volume
expansion through a reaction of an oxygen absorbing agent with
oxygen.
[0016] Another object of this invention has dissolved the
above-mentioned defects in a conventional oxygen-absorbing
multi-layer plastic container, controls the lowering of flavor
retentivity which develops by the dissolving out of the
oxygen-absorber or its oxidation product and can retain
preservability of the contents and retentivity of flavor for long
perids of time, and can provide a multi-layer plastic container, a
packaging material, a plastic cap and a liner material for
caps.
[0017] A further object of this invention provides an
oxygen-absorbing multilayer plastic container, a plastic cap, a
packaging material, and a liner material for caps which is even
during preservation for a long period of time after retorting
sterilization in which a thermoplastic resin coated layer provided
on the layer composed of an oxygen-absorbing resin composition is
maintained in a completely coated state.
[0018] A still further object of this invention is to control
oxygen invading into the package through the wall almost completely
and to provide an oxygen-absorbing packing material, especially in
the case of a packaging container and a sealed closure, showing
excellent preservability of the contents and flavor retaining
property even when it is preserved for a long period time after
retorting sterilization.
[0019] According to this invention, in a thermoplastic resin
composition containing an oxygen absorbing agent, a resin matrix of
the thermoplastic resin composition is composed of a plurality of
blends of substantially non-compatible thermoplastic resins or
elastomers, characterized in that the above non-compatible
thermoplastic resins or elastomers are existent as a non-uniformly
distributed structure in the resin matrix.
[0020] According to the present invention, it is desired that:
[0021] 1. The non-uniformly distributed structure is a multi-layer
structure;
[0022] 2. Either the incompatible thermoplastic resins or the
elastomers are propylene-type polymers and the other ones are
ethylene-type polymers;
[0023] 3. The blend is the one containing propylene-type polymers
and ethylene-type polymers at a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:1
and, particularly, from 50:1 to 3:2;
[0024] 4. The oxygen-absorbing agent is an iron-type
oxygen-absorbing agent;
[0025] 5. The oxygen-absorbing agent is blended in an amount of
from 1 to 200% by weight and, particularly, from 3 to 60% by weight
per the blend;
[0026] 6. The oxygen-absorbing agent is oxygen-absorbing agent
particles which comprise a reducing iron powder and an
oxidation-promoting agent or a catalyst firmly adhered to surfaces
of said reducing iron powder;
[0027] 7. In the oxygen-absorbing agent mentioned in 6 above, the
oxygen-absorbing agent particles having a specific surface area of
not smaller than 0.5 m.sup.2/g and an apparent density of not
larger than 2.2 g/cc, in which the oxidation-promoting agent or the
catalyst is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight per
the reducing iron powder;
[0028] 8. In the oxygen-absorbing agent particles mentioned in 6
above, the particles have a flat shape or a spindle shape and
wherein the particles having an average particle diameter of from
10 to 50 .mu.m as measured by the laser-scattering method and an
aspect ratio (short axis size/long axis size) of not larger than
0.6 are present in an amount of not smaller than 50%, and the
compression degree of the particles is not smaller than 20%;
and
[0029] 9. The oxygen-absorbing agent particles are obtained by
dry-milling a reducing iron powder and a powder of an
oxidation-promoting agent or a catalyst.
[0030] The resin matrix of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition
is composed of a blend of a plurality of substantially
non-compatible thermoplastic resins or elastomers and is
characterized in that the above non-compatible theremoplastic
resins or elastomers exist as a non-uniformly distributed structure
in the resin matrix, especially as a multi-layer distributed
structure, whereby volume expansion of particles by the reaction of
the oxygen absorbing agent with oxygen is absorbed within the
thermoplastic resin layer containing the oxygen absorbing agent,
and the destruction of the thermoplastic resin layer containing the
oxygen absorbing agent not containing the oxygen absorbing agent
can be prevented.
[0031] The volume of the particles expand conspicuously upon the
reaction of the oxygen-absorbing agent with oxygen. For example,
when the particles of metal iron completely react with oxygen to
form iron sesquioxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), the volume expands by
about 1.6 times provided iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm.sup.3 and
iron sesquioxide has a density of 5.1 g/cm.sup.3. The resin matrix
of a conventional resin layer containing oxygen-absorbing agent has
a rigid structure, and the expansion of volume of the dispersed
particles comprising the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized
product thereof so works that the dispersed particles are expelled
out of the resin matrix, i.e., that the dispersed particles
penetrate through the coating resin layers and break them. In
particular, the resin coating layer formed on the inner surface of
the container has a small thickness so as to effectively absorb
oxygen remaining in the container. Therefore, the resin coating
layer is subject to be easily broken permitting the
oxygen-absorbing agent to elute out into the content.
[0032] According to the present invention, on the other hand, the
thermoplastic resin for dispersing the oxygen-absorbing agent is
formed of a blend of a plurality of substantially incompatible
thermoplastic resins or elastomers which form a nonuniformly
distributed structure and, particularly, a multi-layer structure in
the matrix. That is, when a blend of a plurality of substantially
incompatible thermoplastic resins is melt-molded, a multi-layer
structure is established in which the components are distributed
like layers being laminated in the direction of the thickness and
extending in the direction of the plane. In this matrix structure,
when the volume of particles comprising the oxygen-absorbing agent
or the oxidized product thereof is expanded, peeling takes place on
the interfaces of the non-uniformly distributed structure and,
particularly, of the multi-layer structure, and tiny voids (gaps)
develop among the interfaces, whereby expansion of volume of the
particles comprising the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized
product thereof is absorbed by the tiny voids, and the resin
coating layers are not broken.
[0033] In the present invention, it is desired that either the
incompatible thermoplastic resins or elastomers which are principal
components are propylene-type polymers, and the other components
(of small amounts) are ethylene-type polymers. This combination
works excellently for separating the phases of general resins
without adversely affecting the moldability of the resins or the
mechanical properties. With this combination, furthermore, the
ethylene-type polymers having lower melting points than the
propylene-type polymers offer an advantage of forming a fine
nonuniformly distributed structure.
[0034] In the present invention, the above layer composed of the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition is included in the packing
container, the packing material, the cap and the liner for caps
whereby the preservability of the contents of these container and
the like can be increased.
[0035] According to this invention, there is provided an
oxygen-absorbing packing material composed of a laminated body
composed of a polyolefin inner surface material/an oxygen-absorbing
agent layer composed of a composition comprising polyolefin and an
oxygen absorbing agent/a polyolefin buffering layer, a laminated
body of an aluminum foil and a drawn nylon and/or a polyester, or
an inorganic vapor-deposited plastic film are conjugated in a
position relationship so that the aluminum foil or the inorganic
vapor-deposited layer are opposed to the oxygen absorbing laminated
body.
[0036] In this oxygen-absorbing packing material, by laminating a
laminated body of aluminum foil and the drawn nylon and/or
polyester, or an inorganic vapor-deposited plastic film which does
not almost permeate oxygen to an outside of an oxygen-absorbing
laminated body, whereby oxygen permeation from the outer portion of
the packing material to the inside can be suppressed almost
perfectly, and coupled with the presence of the oxygen-absorbing
laminated body, the preservability of the contents can be
increased.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a schematic structure of an
oxygen-absorbing agent particle that is favorably used in the
present invention;
[0038] FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an example of the multi-layer
structure of the container of this invention;
[0039] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an example of the multi-layer
structure of the container of this invention;
[0040] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an example of the multi-layer
structure of the liner material.
[0041] FIG. 5 is a sectional view of another example of the
multi-layer structure of the packaging material of this invention;
and
[0042] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of another example of the
multi-layer structure of the packaging material of this
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0043] Oxygen-Absorbing Resin Composition
[0044] The oxygen-absorbing resin composition of this invention is
composed of a plurality of substantially non-compatible blends of
thermoplastic resins and elastomers as a matrix, in which an oxygen
absorbing agent is dispersed in the resin matrix.
[0045] [Oxygen-Absorbing Agent]
[0046] As the oxygen-absorbing agent used in the present invention,
any oxygen-absorbing agent can be used that has heretofore been
used in this kind of applications. Generally, it is desired to use
a reducing oxygen-absorbing agent which is substantially insoluble
in water. Suitable examples include reducing metal powders such as
reducing iron, reducing zinc, and reducing tin powder; low-valent
metal oxides such as ferrous oxide, tri-iron tetroxide as well as
reducing metal compounds such as iron carbide, ferrosilicon, iron
carbonyl and iron hydroxide, which may be used in one kind or in
combination as a main component.
[0047] There can be further quoted high molecular compounds having
a polyhydric phenol in the skeleton, such as polyhydric
phenol-containing phenolaldehyde resin.
[0048] Furthermore, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid and salts of
these, or a combination of tocophenol and an electron donating
substance; saccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose,
maltose and cellobiose and electron donating substance and
especially a combination of basic substances and saccharide
oxidizing enzymes; may be used.
[0049] It is desired that the oxygen-absorbing agent has a particle
diameter of, usually, not larger than 100 .mu.m and, particularly,
not larger than 50 .mu.m in average.
[0050] In the present invention, it is particularly desired to use
an iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent having a large oxygen-absorbing
rate and a large oxygen-absorbing capacity from the standpoint of
effectively preventing off-flavor.
[0051] In order to promote the oxidation reaction of
oxygen-absorbing particles, the oxygen-absorbing agent may be used
in combination with the oxidation promotor or catalyst having water
absorbing property. The oxidation promotor or catalyst may be used
preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, especially 1 to 5%
by weight per the oxygen absorbing agent. The oxygen promoting
agent or catalyst may be used singly, or in a combination of
plurality of members. For example, from the oxidation promotor or
catalyst, an inorganic salt and a high molecular water-absorbing
agent may be used in a combination of plurality of members.
[0052] When in this invention a reducing iron powder is used as the
oxygen-absorbing particle, it is particularly preferred to use the
oxidation promotor or catalyst in a state stuck to the surface of a
reducing iron powder in a layer.
[0053] In this specification, the layer of the oxidation-promoting
agent or the catalyst firmly adhered to surfaces of the reducing
iron powder means not only that the oxidation-promoting agent or
the catalyst is adhered to the surfaces of the reducing iron
particles but also that the layer of the oxidation-promoting agent
or the catalyst remains firmly adhered on the surfaces of the
reducing iron powder without substantially being peeled off even
under the condition of being kneaded together with the
thermoplastic resin.
[0054] Referring to FIG. 1 schematically illustrating the structure
of the oxygen-absorbing agent particles used in the present
invention, a particle 10 comprises a core particle 20 of a reducing
iron powder and a layer 30 of the oxidization-promoting agent or
the catalyst firmly adhered to the surface thereof, the particle
having a long axis size a and a short axis size b.
[0055] When the surfaces of the reducing iron powder are simply
coated with the oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst, the
oxidation-promoting agent particles or the catalyst particles split
off the surfaces of the reducing iron particles when being kneaded
together with the thermoplastic resin, and the reducing iron free
particles and the oxidation-promoting agent particles or the
catalyst free particles are made present in the resin composition.
This also occurs even when the oxidation promoting agent is applied
to the iron powder using an aqueous solution, since the
oxidation-promoting agents precipitate in the form of crystals. The
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst in the resin composition
absorbs the water that has permeated into the resin. However, since
a distance is maintained relative to the reducing iron particles,
the reducing iron powder is not quickly oxidized and the
oxygen-absorbing rate becomes small. Besides, water concentrates in
the portions of the oxidation-promoting agent particles or the
catalyst particles, whereby the resin composition is swollen, and
the outer surface of the container becomes rugged.
[0056] In the oxygen-absorbing agent particles preferably used in
the present invention, on the other hand, the layer of the
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst stably remain being
firmly adhered to the surfaces of the reducing iron particles even
after melt-kneaded together with the thermoplastic resin.
Therefore, the water absorbed by the oxidation-promoting agent or
the catalyst readily activates the reducing iron powder, whereby
absorption of oxygen is promoted by the oxidizing reaction of iron
and the oxygen-absorbing rate is maintained at a high level.
Moreover, the appearance is prevented from being deteriorated by
the occurrence of swelling and cracks caused by the water which
concentrates in the portions of the oxidation-promoting agent or
the catalyst.
[0057] In the embodiment of the invention, it is desired that the
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst is present in an amount
of from 0.1 to 5% by weight and, particularly, from 0.2 to 3.0% by
weight per the reducing iron powder. When the amount of the
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst is smaller than the
above-mentioned range, the oxygen-absorbing rate becomes smaller
than that of when the above-mentioned amount lies within the range
of the present invention. When the above-mentioned amount is larger
than the above-mentioned range, on the other hand, the resin
composition as a whole loses resistance against the water and other
properties, which is not desirable.
[0058] It is further desired that the oxygen-absorbing agent
particles used in the present invention have a specific surface
area of not smaller than 0.5 m.sup.2/g and an apparent density of
not larger than 2.2 g/cc in addition to the above-mentioned
constitution. When the specific surface area is not larger than 0.5
m.sup.2/g or when the apparent density is not smaller than 2.2
g/cc, the oxygen-absorbing rate decreases as will be exemplified
later, and the amount of residual oxygen in the container becomes
considerably larger than that of when above-mentioned specific
areas and the apparent densities lie within the above-mentioned
ranges. This is presumably due to that the resin composition
blended with the oxygen-absorbing agent absorbs oxygen through the
surfaces of the oxygen-absorbing agent particles, and oxygen is not
effectively absorbed through the surfaces of the particles when the
oxygen-absorbing agent particles have a specific surface area and
an apparent density that lie outside the above-mentioned
ranges.
[0059] It is desired that the oxygen-absorbing agent particles have
a flat shape or a spindle shape having a compression degree (as
measured by a method that will be described later) of not smaller
than 20% and, particularly, from 30 to 90% and wherein not less
than 50% of the particles have an average particle diameter of from
10 to 50 .mu.m as measured by the laser-scattering method and an
aspect ratio (short axis size/long axis size) of not larger than
0.6. The oxygen-absorbing agent particles having an average
particle diameter within the above-mentioned range exhibits
excellent dispersion in the thermoplastic resin and excellent
oxygen-absorbing property. When use is made of the oxygen-absorbing
agent particles having a compression degree of smaller than 20% or
in which less than 50% of the particles have an aspect ratio of not
larger than 0.6, the exhibited oxygen-absorbing performance is
inferior to that of the oxygen-absorbing agent particles lying
within the preferred range of the present invention, and the
container exhibits inferior appearance. This is considered to be
that decreasing the aspect ratio or increasing the compression
degree, i.e., increasing the degree of flatness, makes it possible
to increase the surface areas of the particles and, hence, to
increase the oxygen-absorbing rate, to orient the oxygen-absorbing
agent particles in the direction of melt-flow of the resin
composition, i.e., in the direction of the layers, contributing to
preventing the swelling in the direction of the thickness and the
occurrence of cracks.
[0060] The preferred oxygen-absorbing agent particles used in the
present invention are in no way limited thereto only. Desirably,
the oxygen-absorbing agent particles are obtained by dry-milling a
reducing iron powder and a powder of the oxidation-promoting agent
or the catalyst. In the dry-milling, the powder of the
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst is milled and is rubbed
against the surfaces of the reducing iron particles so as to form a
layer that is firmly adhered thereto. The firmly adhered part is
never accomplished by a conventional simple blending method or a
method in which the reducing iron powder is mixed with an aqueous
solution of the oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst and is
dried. In addition, the dry-milling accomplishes the actions of
desirably adjusting the particle sizes of the reducing iron powder
and controlling the flatness of the reducing iron particles to lie
within the above-mentioned range.
[0061] The reducing iron powder is generally obtained by reducing
an iron oxide (e.g., mill scale) formed in the step of producing a
steel with coke, milling the formed sponge iron, followed by
finish-reduction in a hydrogen gas or a cracked ammonia gas,
electrolytically precipitating iron from an aqueous solution of
iron chloride obtained through the step of washing with acid,
followed by milling and finish-reduction. That is, iron oxides such
as iron rust formed on the surfaces of the product in the step of
producing a steel are relatively in a pure form, and iron chloride
obtained by washing the iron rust with acid is in a pure form, too.
Iron oxide is reduced by firing at a temperature of, generally,
from about 600 to about 1200.degree. C.
[0062] The production of reducing iron is not limited to reducing
iron washed with acid by firing, but includes spraying molten iron
into a nonoxidizing atmosphere, milling pure metal iron, and
thermally decomposing iron carbonyl with water vapor, provided the
starting iron is in a pure form.
[0063] The reducing iron powder should have properties lying within
ranges mentioned above. To prevent the resin from being
deteriorated and to improve flavor-retaining property, however, it
is desired that copper is contained in an amount of not larger than
150 ppm and sulfur is contained in an amount of not larger than 500
ppm with respect to iron.
[0064] As the oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst, there can
be exemplified a water-soluble or deliquescent inorganic
electrolyte. Concrete examples include inorganic salts such as
sodium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, ferrous chloride,
ferric chloride, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, sodium
sulfate, magnesium sulfate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium
diphosphate, potassium carbonate and sodium nitrate.
[0065] Among them, it is particularly desired to use a chloride and
an iodide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and,
particularly, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ferric chloride,
sodium iodide or potassium iodide. Use of a manganese salt such as
manganese chloride (MnCl.sub.2) or the like in addition thereto is
effective in absorbing oxygen since the oxidation is promoted.
[0066] As the oxidation-promoting agent, there can be effectively
used a water-soluble organic compound, such as glucose, fruit
sugar, sucrose, gelatin, modified casein, modified starch,
tragacanth gum, polyvinyl alcohol, CMC, sodium polyacrylate or
sodium alginate. These organic oxidation-promoting agents or
catalysts may be mixed into the thermoplastic resin in the form of
oxygen-absorbing agent particles, or may be mixed into the resin
separately from the oxygen-absorbing agent particles. In the
present invention, it needs not be pointed out that a plurality of
oxidation-promoting agents or catalysts can be used in
combination.
[0067] In the present invention, the reducing iron powder and the
oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst are used in combination
at a ratio as described above in detail. The oxidation-promoting
agent or the catalyst is firmly adhered to the surfaces of the
reducing iron powder by dry-milling the reducing iron powder and
the powder of the oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst. The
end point of the dry-milling can be learned as the presence of the
free solid particles of the oxidation-promoting agent or the
catalyst become no longer confirmed through an electron microscope.
As the dry-milling, there can be used such as vibration mill, ball
mill, tube mill or super mixer. Though generally not required, the
free fine powder of the oxidation-promoting agent or the catalyst
can be removed, by sieving or by classification with wind power,
from the oxygen-absorbing agent particles obtained after the
dry-milling.
[0068] [Resin Matrix]
[0069] As the resin matrix for dispersing the oxygen-absorbing
agent, there can be used a blend of a plurality of thermoplastic
resins or elastomers which can be dispersed under the conditions of
being melted but which are substantially incompatible.
[0070] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include olefin resin,
thermoplastic polyester resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin,
styrene resin, vinyl resin and polycarbonate resin. These resins
may have molecular weights large enough for forming a film. The
resin to be used in combination may be the one of the same kind or
different kind so far as the above-mentioned conditions are
satisfied.
[0071] A resin which can be easily blended with the
oxygen-absorbing agent and permits the permeation of oxygen, is an
olefin resin. As the olefin resin, there can be used a copolymer
comprising chiefly olefins such as homopolymers of olefins like
low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density
polyethylene, homopolypropylene, poly-1-butene, and
poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, copolymers of olefins such as random or
block copolymers of .alpha.-olefins like ethylene, propylene,
1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, as well as
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylate
copolymer, ionomer (ionically crosslinked olefin copolymer),
ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl chloride
copolymer, in combination with other monomers as required.
[0072] Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include
ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
(EPDM), thermoplastic elastomer such as styrene-butadiene-styrene
block copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene
hydride-butadiene-styre- ne block copolymer, styrene
hydride-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, hydrogenated
butadiene-isoprene block copolymer, nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR),
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR),
polybutadiene (BR), polyisoprene (IIB), butyl rubber, natural
rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, silicone rubber and acrylic
rubber. Among them, a hydrocarbon elastomer and, particularly, EPR
and EPDM are preferred.
[0073] In the present invention, though there is no particular
limitation, examples of the combination of incompatible
thermoplastic resins or elastomers include propylene
polymer/ethylene polymer, polyamide/olefin resin, polyamide/styrene
resin, polyamide/ABS resin, polyethylene terephthalate/polybutene
terephthalate, polycarbonate/polystyrene resin, polyester
resin/olefin resin, and polycarbonate/polyester resin.
[0074] A combination of resins particularly suited for the object
of the present invention is that of a crystalline propylene polymer
and an ethylene polymer, facilitating the dispersion of the
oxygen-absorbing agent and heat-molding. As the crystalline
propylene polymer, there can be used a homopolypropylene as well as
a random or a block copolymer containing ethylene in an amount of
from 1 to 20% by weight and, particularly, from 2 to 15% by weight.
These polypropylenes may have an isotactic structure or a
syndiotactic structure.
[0075] Examples of the ethylene polymer include high-density
polyethylene (HDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE),
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene
(LLPDE), at least one copolymer of ethylene and other olefin such
as propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1,
octene-1, or decene-1, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer,
ethylene/acrylate copolymer, ionomer, etc.
[0076] The ratio of one resin and other resin in the resin matrix
can be varied over a wide range and, desirably, from 100:1 to 1:1
and, particularly, from 50:1 to 3:2 on the weight basis.
[0077] In the present invention, it is allowable to use a
compatibility-imparting agent to adjust the degree of dispersion of
the resins or elastomers in the resin matrix. The
compatibility-imparting agent works to enhance the mutual action
among different polymers, and is a block copolymer or a graft
copolymer having the same components as the polymers A, B to be
blended, is a block copolymer or a graft copolymer having a third
component to be mixed in the form of molecules into either one of
the polymer A or B to be blended, or is a graft copolymer of two
polymers compatible with either one of the polymer A or B to be
blended.
[0078] When attention is given to the functions, the
compatibility-imparting agents are grouped into two, i.e.,
compatibility-imparting agents of the non-reaction type and
compatibility-imparting agents of the reaction type. Examples of
the former compatibility-imparting agent include
styrene-ethylene-butadiene block copolymer, polyethylene-methyl
polymethacrylate block copolymer and polyethylene-polystyrene block
copolymer. Examples of the latter compatibility-imparting agent
include maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin and, particularly,
maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene and polyethylene,
styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-glycidyl
dimethacrylate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride
copolymer, and styrene-glycidyl dimethacrylate copolymer.
[0079] These compatibility-imparting agents can be made present in
the resin matrix in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight and,
particularly, from 2 to 10% by weight.
[0080] In the present invention, it is desired that the
oxygen-absorbing agent is used at a concentration of from 1 to 200
parts by weight and, particularly, from 3 to 60 parts by weight per
100 parts by weight of the resin matrix. When the content of the
oxygen-absorbing agent is lower than the above-mentioned range, it
becomes difficult to suppress the oxygen concentration in the
container to be smaller than the concentration suited for growing
microorganisms. Even when the amount of the oxygen-absorbing agent
is larger than the above-mentioned range, no distinguished effect
is exhibited for lowering the oxygen concentration accompanied
rather by disadvantages such as molding operation and cost.
[0081] The oxygen-absorbing agent and the resin matrix may be mixed
together by either the so-called dry-blending or melt-blending. In
order to favorably disperse the oxygen-absorbing agent,
furthermore, a resin composition (master batch) containing the
oxygen-absorbing agent at a high concentration may be prepared and
may then be mixed into the resin matrix.
[0082] The above-mentioned oxygen-absorbing resin composition may
form various laminated structures with other resin compositions
such as a thermoplastic resin or an aluminum foil and used as a
packaging material, a packaging container, a cap or a liner.
[0083] The laminated structures have an oxygen absorbing property
by the presence of a layer composed of an oxygen-absorbing resin
composition. Further, in such a laminated structure, it is
preferred to form a sandwich structure by coating the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition with a thermoplastic resin such
as polyolefin. By this sandwich structure, the exposure of a
surface of inner layer of the oxygen-absorbing particle is
prevented. Especially, the cause of decline of a flavor by an iron
transfer or an iron exposure at the period from the stage of
production of packaging container, etc. or an early stage of
packing can be effectively prevented.
[0084] The structure of a packaging container, a packaging
material, a cap or a liner will be described.
[0085] [Packaging Containers]
[0086] In FIG. 2 showing an example of multilayer of the container
of this invention, a container wall 1 is composed of an outer layer
2 of a moisture-resistant thermoplastic resin, an adhesive resin
layer 3a, a first intermediate layer 4 composed of a gas-barrier
resin, an adhesive resin layer 3b, a second intermediate layer 5
composed of the above-mentioned oxygen-absorbing resin composition,
and an inner layer 6 of the moisture-resistant thermoplastic resin.
The second intermediate layer is composed of a thermoplastic resin
layer in which an oxygen-absorbing agent is incorporated, and this
thermoplastic resin is composed of a plurality of substantially
non-compatible thermoplastic or elastomers. It shoud be noted that
the second intermediate layer is provided inwardly of the
gas-barrier resin layer 4.
[0087] In FIG. 3 showing another example of the multilayer
structure container of this invention, the container wall 1 is
composed of the outer layer 2 of the moitsure-resistant
thermoplastic resin, the adhesive resin layer 3a, the first
intermediate layer 4 composed of the gas-barrier resin, the
adhesive resin layer 3b, the second intermediate layer 5 formed of
the above-mentioned oxygen-absorbing resin composition, a third
intermediate layer 7 composed of a resin composition containing an
adsorptive deodorant, and an inner layer 6 of a moisture-resistant
thermoplastic resin.
[0088] The oxygen-absorbing agent and the adsorptive deocorant are
incorporated respectively in the second intermediate layer 5 and
the third intermediate layer 7. It is understood that sequentially
from the outside, the gas barrier resin layer 4, the
oxygen-absorbing agent layer 5 and the adsorbent deodorant layer 7
are arranged.
[0089] (Thermoplastic Resin)
[0090] Suitable thermoplastic resin layers to be provided on both
sides of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition in this invention
are moisture-resistant resins (low water-absorbing resins),
especially thermoplastic resins having a water absorption of 0.5%
or below, especially 0.1% or below, measured by ASTM D570. Typical
examples include low-, medium- or high-density polyethylene,
isotactic polypropylene, ethylene-butene copolymer, polybutene-1,
poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), ethylene-butene-1 copolymer,
propylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene-1
copolymer, random or block copolymer of .alpha.-olefins,
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ion-crosslinked olefin copolymers
(ionomers), or blends of olefin resins. Further examples include
styrene resins such as polystyrene, styrene-butadiene copolymers,
styrene-isoprene copolymers and ABS resins and thermoplastic
polyesters or polycarbonate such as polyethylene phthalate and
polytetramethylene terephthalate.
[0091] Among these polymers, especially olefin resins may be
preferably used. Since the olefin resins have a large oxygen
permeation coefficient and excellent moisture resistance, oxygen in
the container permeates and moves toward the oxygen absorbing agent
via the olefin-type rein and this brings about an advantage that
direct contact between water and the oxygen absorbing agent is shut
off. This also brings about excellent sanitation. From the
viewpoint of heat resistance, propylene-type resins are preferred.
To incorporate a white pigment, especially titanium dixode in an
inner material of a thermoplastic resin, it is effective to conceal
coloration by an iron-type oxygen absorbing agent and it is also
effective to prevent protrusion to an inside direction of iron
oxide particles produced by an iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent.
The compounded amount of titanium dioxide is not limited. But the
suitable amount is 5 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight
of the thermoplastic resin.
[0092] (Gas-Barrier Resin)
[0093] As a gas-barrier resin used as required for the container of
the present invention, there is used a heat-moldable thermoplastic
resin having a low oxygen permeability. The most preferred example
of the gas-barrier resin will be an ethylene-vinyl alcohol
copolymer such as a saponified product of a copolymer obtained by
saponifying an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having an ethylene
content of from 20 to 60 mol % and, particularly, from 25 to 50 mol
% such that the degree of saponification becomes not smaller than
96 mol % and, particularly, not smaller than 99 mol %. It is
desired that the saponified product of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol
copolymer has a molecular weight large enough for forming a film
and a viscosity of, generally, at least 0.01 dl/g and,
particularly, at least 0.05 dl/g as measured in a mixture solvent
of phenol and water at a weight ratio of 85:15 at a temperature of
30.degree. C.
[0094] As another example of the gas-barrier resin having the
above-mentioned properties, there can be used polyamides having
amide groups in a number of from 5 to 50 and, particularly, from 6
to 20 per 100 carbon atoms, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6/6,
6 copolymer, metaxylene adipamide, nylon 6, 10, nylon 11, nylon 12,
and nylon 13. These polyamides, too, should have molecular weights
large enough for forming films and a relative viscosity (.eta. rel)
of at least 1.1 and, particularly, at least 1.5 as measured in
concentrated sulfuric acid of a concentration of 1.0 g/dl at a
temperature of 30.degree. C.
[0095] The gas-barrier resin can be so provided as to neighbor the
resin layer blended with the oxygen-absorbing agent as shown in
FIG. 2.
[0096] (Adhesive Resin)
[0097] In laminating the layers, a sufficient degree of
adhesiveness will not be often obtained between the gas-barrier
resin and the moisture-resistant thermoplastic resin as in the case
of the ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer. In this case, an adhesive
resin layer is interposed between them.
[0098] As the adhesive resin, there can be exemplified a
thermoplastic resin having carbonyl 1
[0099] groups based on carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride,
carboxylate, amide carboxylate or carboxylic ester in the main
chain or in the side chain at a concentration of from 1 to 700
milliequivalent (meq)/100 g of the resin and, particularly, from 10
to 500 meq/100 g of the resin. Suitable examples of the adhesive
resin include ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ionically
crosslinked olefin copolymer, maleic anhydride-grafted
polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, acrylic
acid-grafted polyolefin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,
copolymerized polyester and copolymerized polyamide, which may be
used in one kind or in a combination of two or more kinds. These
resins can be effectively laminated by the simultaneous extrusion
or by sandwich lamination. Furthermore, a thermosetting adhesive
resin of the isocyanate type or the epoxy type can be used for
adhering the gas-barrier resin film that has been formed and the
moisture-resistant resin film.
[0100] In the container of this invention, it is desirable that the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition should have a thickness of
generally 10 to 200 .mu.m, especially 20 to 150 .mu.m, although the
above thickness varies depending upon the amount of oxygen allowed
in the container or the shape of the container.
[0101] The moisture-resistant resin layer to be provided on both
sides of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition has a thickness of
generally 20 to 300 .mu.m, especially 50 to 150 .mu.m, and the
should have a thickness of 0.1 to 30 times of the intermediate
layer, especially 0.5 to 10 times of the intermediate layer. The
inner layer and the outer layer may have the same thickness. Or it
may have a larger thickness than the inner layer or the outer
layer.
[0102] The thickness of the gas-barrier resin layer may preferably
be generally 5 to 200 .mu.m, especially 10 to 100 .mu.m.
[0103] (Method of Production)
[0104] Except the above-mentioned layer constitution, the container
of this invention can be produced by a method that has been known
per se.
[0105] To simultaneously extrude many layers, the resin layers are
melt-kneaded in the corresponding extruders, and are extruded into
a predetermined shape through a multi-layer multiple die such as
T-die or circular die. Furthermore, the resin layers are
melt-kneaded in the corresponding extruder, co-extruded or
successively extruded into an extrusion metal mold thereby to
prepare a multi-layer container or a preform for the container. It
is also allowable to employ a layer lamination system such as dry
lamination, sandwich lamination or extrusion coating.
[0106] The molded article may assume the form of a film, a sheet, a
parison or a pipe for forming bottle or tube, or a preform for
forming bottle or tube. The bottle is easily formed from the
parison, pipe or preform by pinching off the extruded product in a
pair of split molds and blowing a fluid therein. Further, the pipe
or preform is cooled and is, then, heated at a drawing temperature,
drawn in the axial direction, and is blow-drawn in the
circumferential direction utilizing the fluid pressure to obtain
draw-blown bottles.
[0107] Furthermore, the film or the sheet is subjected to such
means as vacuum molding, compressed-air molding, reverse draw
forming or plug-assisted molding to obtain a packaging container in
the form of a cup, tray, etc.
[0108] Furthermore, the multi-layer films can be overlapped or
folded like a bag, followed by heat-sealing the periphery to obtain
a bag-like container.
[0109] (Caps)
[0110] In the caps of this invention, the same layer constitution
as in the packing container mentioned above, for example, the
multilayer structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, may be employed.
[0111] In the caps of this invention, the oxygen-absorbing resin
composition should have a thickness of generally 50 to 2000 .mu.m,
especially 100 to 150 .mu.m.
[0112] The moisture-resistant resin layer to be provided on both
sides of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition layer should have a
thickness of generally 10 to 2000 .mu.m, especially 50 to 1000
.mu.m on the inner side, and generally 10 to 2000 .mu.m, especially
50 to 1500 .mu.m on the outside.
[0113] The thickness of the gas-barrier resin provided as required
may preferably be generally 5 to 200 .mu.m, especially 10 to 100
.mu.m.
[0114] In the caps of this invention, known molding methods
conventionally used in the molding of caps, such as injection
molding, extrusion molding or compression molding, may be used.
[0115] As the moisture-resistant resin, the above-mentioned
thermoplastic resins may be used. From the standpoint of hygienic
property, olefin-type resins, especially polypropylene, may
preferably be used.
[0116] In the caps of this invention, by known molding methods
conventionally such as an in-shell molding method, a liner may be
applied. An oxygen-permeable liner material may be applied so that
the oxygen absorbing propertyy of a layer composed of the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition may not be impaired.
[0117] In the caps of this invention, it is of course possible to
obtain the same effect as the packaging container. In the caps of
this invention, oxygen barrier property of the caps can be
increased, and the remaining oxygen in the head space of the
container can be effectively absorbed, and the preservability of
the contents can be increased.
[0118] (Liner Material)
[0119] The liner material for cap of this invention may be composed
of a laminated body obtained by laminating a layer of the
moisture-resistant resin on at least the inside of the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition layer as a base and as desired,
providing the moisture-resistant resin layer or the gas-barrier
resin layer on the cap shell side. For example, the multilayer
construction shown in FIG. 4 may preferably be employed.
[0120] (1) In FIG. 4 showing one example of the layer construction
of the liner material of this invention, the upper side denote a
cap shell side and the lower denotes a container side. This liner
material 41 is composed of a gas-barrier resin layer 43, an
adhesive agent layer 42, an absorbing resin composition layer 44
and a moisture-resistant thermoplastic resin layer 45.
[0121] In the liner material of this invention, the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition layer may preferably have a
thickness of generally 10 to 2000 .mu.m, especially 50 to 1000
.mu.m.
[0122] The moisture-resistant resin layer to be provided at least
on the inside of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition layer has a
thickness of generally 5 to 200 .mu.m, especially 10 to 150 .mu.m.
When it is provided on the outside layer side, it is preferred that
the thickness of the moisture-resistant resin layer has a thickness
of generally 5 to 200 .mu.m, especially 10 to 150 .mu.m.
Preferably, the gas-barrier resin should have a thickness of
generally 5 to 100 .mu.m, especially 10 to 50 .mu.m.
[0123] The liner material of this invention can be molded by any
known molding method. For example, a desired laminated body may be
molded by a conventionally known method such as a dry lamination
method or an extrusion coating method, withdrawing the mold,
providing the molded product in the cap shell by using an adhesive
agent, or extruding a molten resin in the cap shell and compressing
the extruded resin to form a liner by an in-shell mold method.
[0124] In the liner material of this invention, by using a layer
composed of the same kind of resin as the material of the cap shell
as a resin of the outside, the adhesiveness of the liner material
on the cap shell is increased.
[0125] In the liner material of this invention, it is of course
possible to obtain the same effect as the packing container. Since
the liner material can absorb effectively the oxygen which enters
into the inside of the container through the gap between the cap
and the mouth portion of the container, the cap on which the liner
material is applied makes it possible to effectively absorb the
oxygen of the head space in the container in the same way as the
cap of this invention, and the preservability of the contents can
be increased.
[0126] (Packaging Material)
[0127] In FIG. 5 showing one example of the oxygen-absorbing
packing material of this invention, from an inner portion of the
package toward an outside portion of the package, this packing
material 51 is made of a laminated body composed of a polyolefin
inner material layer 52, an oxygen-absorbing layer 53 composed of a
polyolefin and an iron type oxygen-absorbing agent, a polyolefin
buffering layer 54, an adhesive agent layer 55a, an aluminum foil
56, an adhesive layer 55b, and a laminated body made of a oriented
nylon and/or a polyester outside layer 57.
[0128] In FIG. 6 showing another example of the oxygen-absorbing
packaging material, this packing material 51 is made of a laminated
body composed of a polyolefin inner surface material layer 52, an
oxygen-absorbing layer 53 composed of a polyolefin and an iron type
oxygen-absorbing agent, a polyolefin buffering layer 54, an
adhesive agent layer 55a, an inorganic vapor-deposited layer 58 and
an outside layer 59 of a plastic film.
[0129] ln the packing material 51 of this invention, the
oxygen-absorbing agent layer 53 composed of a polyolefin and an
iron type oxygen-absorbing agent is sandwiched with a polyolefin
inner surface material layer 52 and a polyolefin buffering layer
54. The outside surface layer of this polyolefin buffering layer 54
is adhered to an aluminum foil 56 protected with an outside layer
57 of a oriented nylon or polyester film, or an inorganic
vapor-deposited plastic film 59 is pasted to an inorganic
vapor-deposited layer 58 as an inner side.
[0130] According to this invention, in the oxygen-absorbing agent
layer 53, the iron-type agent is present as a dispersed particle
phase 65 in a continuous phase of the polyolefin, and the oxygen
absorbing property naturally depends upon the iron-type oxygen
absorbing agent 61.
[0131] The use of the iron-type oxygen absorbing particle 61 as a
composition with the polyolefin 60 allows the oxygen absorbing
agent particle 61 to be molded into a packaging material, and to
prevent its dropping.
[0132] In the present invention, the oxygen absorbing agent layer
53 is sandwiched with the polyolefin inner surface material 52 and
the polyolefin buffering layer 54. This sandwich structure prevents
the iron-type oxygen absorbing agent particle from being exposed to
the outside surface. Especially, it is effective to suppress the
cause of reduction of flavor by iron exposure or iron transfer in
the step of production of the packing material to an early stage of
packing.
[0133] In the present invention, the oxygen-absorbing
agent-containing resin composition layer 53 and the polyolefin
layer 52 and 54 to sandwich the above layer may preferably be
formed from polyolefins. This is because the polyolefins have a
larger oxygen permeability and have excellent moisture resistance.
According to this constitution of the packaging material, oxygen in
the container permeates and moves toward the iron-type oxygen
absorbing agent through the polyolefin. On the other hand, there is
an advantage that direct contact between water and the iron-type
oxygen-absorbing agent can be shut off.
[0134] Thus, in the packaging material of this invention oxygen
absorption during retorting sterilization and in an early stage of
preservation can be carried out very effectively.
[0135] To an outside of a laminated body composed of polyolefin
inner material layer 52/oxygen-absorbing agent layer 53/polyolefin
buffering layer 54, an aluminum foil 56 or an inorganic
vapor-deposited layer 58 protected with a.eta. oriented plastic
layer 57 is pasted in a position relationship in which the
buffering layer 54 stands in opposition to the aluminum foil 57 or
the inorganic vapor-deposited layer 58. If the aluminum foil 57 or
the inorganic vapor-deposited layer 58 is in a complete condition,
the oxygen permeation can be reduced substantially to zero through
the container wall. That is to say, oxygen permeation occurs in an
order which cannot be disregarded in the gas-barrier resin such as
an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. In contrast, in the aluminum
foil or the inorganic vapor-deposited layer, oxygen permeation can
be suppressed almost completely.
[0136] However, the aluminum foil or the inorganic vapor-deposited
layer is weak to folding or bending or to protrusion, and pinholes
or cracks occur and oxygen permeates from a portion of this injury.
In this invention, a oriented nylon or polyester film is coated on
the outside of the aluminum foil. Or in the case of an inorganic
vapor-deposited plastic film, the inorganic vapor-deposited layer
is made an inside-positioned material and the plastic film is made
an outside-positioned material and by positioning a polyolefin
buffering layer between the aluminum foil or the inorganic
vapor-deposited plastic film and the oxygen-absorbing agent layer,
the occurrence of pinholes or cracks in the aluminum foil or the
inorganic vapor-deposited layer is prevented.
[0137] Since as mentioned above, the volume expansion of the
particles by the reaction of the oxygen-absorbing agent with oxygen
is very large, it is important to prevent oxygen permeation by
providing the polyolefin buffering layer in an inside and an
outside and preventing protrusion of the iron oxide particles
toward the aluminum foil or the inorganic vapor-deposited
plastic.
[0138] The oxygen absorbing agent-containing layer is formed of the
above-mentioned oxygen-absorbing resin composition, a blend of
substantially non-compatible thermoplastic resins and elastomers.
In addition, the non-compatible thermoplastic resins or elastomers
form a non-distributed structure in the matrix. Especially, they
form a multilayer distributed structure. This is also effective to
prevent the protrusion of the iron oxide particles inwardly or
outwardly.
[0139] The thickness of the oxygen-absorbing agent-containing layer
may preferably be 10 to 100 .mu.m, especially 15 to 60 .mu.m. If
this thickness is lower than the above-mentioned range, the oxygen
absorbing ability is insufficient. On the other hand, if the
thickness is greater than the above range, the moldability becomes
aggravated. The packing material tends to decrease flexibility and
pliability.
[0140] The examples cited in the oxygen absorbing agent mentioned
above may be used as the iron-type oxygen absorbing agent.
[0141] As the polyolefin inner surface material, the olefin-type
resins cited as the aforesaid thermoplastic resins are used. From
the standpoint of interlayer adhesiveness between the inner surface
material and the oxygen-absorbing agent layer, it is desirable that
the polyolefin as the inner surface material and the polyolefin as
the oxygen-absorbing agent layer may be the same in kind. It is
desirable for hiding coloration with the oxygen-absorbing agent
that a white colored pigment, especially titanium dioxide, should
be incorporated in the polyolefin inner surface material. The
amount of titanium dioxide is not restricted in particular, but the
suitable amount should be 5 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by
weight of the polyolefin.
[0142] The thickness of the polyolefin inner surface material
should be 5 to 50 .mu.m, especially 10 to 30 .mu.m. If this
thickness is lower than the above-mentioned range, the iron oxide
particles formed by the oxidation are protruded, and the flavor
tends to be lowered. On the other hand, if the thickness is above
the above range, the oxygen absorbability tends to be reduced.
[0143] As the polyolefin buffering layer, the olefin-type resins
cited in the above thermoplastic resins may be used. From the
standpoint of interlayer adhesiveness between the buffering layer
and the oxygen-absorbing layer, the polyolefin in the buffering
layer should be the same as the polyolefin in the oxygen-absorbing
agent layer.
[0144] The thickness of the polyolefin buffering layer may be 5 to
50 .mu.m, especially 10 to 30 .mu.m. If the thickness is lower than
the above-mentioned range, the iron oxide particles produced by the
oxidation causes protrusion to the aluminum foil, and the oxygen
shutting off property tends to be reduced. On the other hand, if
the thickness is above the above-mentioned range, the moldability
tends to be aggravated, and flexibility and pliability as the
packing material tends to be reduced.
[0145] [Aluminum Foil]
[0146] All aluminum foils used in packing of this type may be used
as the aluminum foils. For example, pure aluminum or aluminum and
other alloying metals, especially aluminum alloys containing a
small amount of magnesium or manganese, may be used. These aluminum
foils may be any of generally called soft, hard and half-hard.
[0147] The thickness of the aluminum foils may preferably be in the
range of 5 to 50 .mu.m, especially 7 to 20 .mu.m. If this thickness
is lower than the above-mentioned range, the oxygen shut off
property tends to become insufficient. On the other hand, if the
thickness is larger than the above-mentioned range, flexibility and
pliability as the packing material tends to be reduced.
[0148] [Oriented Film Layers]
[0149] Examples of the nylon film (Ny) used to protect the aluminum
foils include nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6/6, 6 copolymer, nylon 10,
nylon 12 or blends of these nylons.
[0150] As the polyester films, examples include polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene
naphthalate (PEN) and blends of these polyesters.
[0151] These films are preferably stretched in a monoaxial
direction, best stretched in two directions.
[0152] The oriented film is required to be provided on an outside
of the aluminum foil (Al), but may also be formed on an inner side
of the aluminum foil.
[0153] Suitable examples of lamination constitution include Al/PET,
Al/Ny, Al/Ny/PET, and Ny/Al/PET.
[0154] The thickness of the oriented film layer may be 5 to 50
.mu.m, especially 10 to 25 .mu.m. If this thickness is lower than
the above-mentioned range, the protecting effect on the aluminum
foil is insufficient. On the other hand, if the thickness is above
the defined range, flexibility and pliability as the packing
material tends to be reduced, and the cost is disadvantageous.
[0155] [Inorganic Vapor-Deposited Plastic Films]In the present
invention, in place of the combination of the aluminum foil and the
stretched film, the inorganic vapor-deposited plastic films may be
used. The inorganic vapor-deposited plastic films are obtained by
vapor-depositing an inorganic material such as silicon oxide and
ceramics such as alumina on the surface of a plastic film base by a
vacuum depositing method, a sputtering method and an ion plating
method. The thickness of the vapor-deposited layer is as small as
50 to 1000 .ANG., but it shows excellent oxygen shutting off
properties.
[0156] Preferable examples of the plastic film base which may be
used include an oriented nylon film as mentioned above, and an
oriented polyester film. But stretched polypropylene films may also
be used.
[0157] The thickness of the inorganic vapor-deposited plastic film
may range from 5 to 50 .mu.m, especially from 10 to 30 .mu.m,
because it is advantageous in respect of handling.
[0158] The laminated body used as the packing material in this
invention may be produced by producing a pre-laminated product from
a polyolefin inner-surface material an oxygen-absorbing agent layer
composed of a polyolefin and an iron type oxygen absorbing
agent/polyolefin buffering layer, and conjugating this laminated
product with (1) a laminated body composed of aluminum foil and a
oriented nylon/or polyester or (2) an inorganic vapor-deposited
plastic film, so that the buffering layer and the aluminum foil
laminated body, or the inorganic vapor-deposited layer may be
opposed.
[0159] When the plastic film base of the inorganic vapor-deposited
plastic film (base film) is composed of a polyester, an oriented
nylon is provided between the buffering layer and the inorganic
vapor-deposited layer of the inorganic vapor-deposited plastic
film. This is especially preferred in increasing the pinhole
resistance.
[0160] Preferably, the pre-laminated body is produced by
coextrusion. The number of extruders used correspond to the kind of
resins, and the corresponding resins are extruded in an overlapping
position in a multiple layer and a plurality of dies. Film
formation may be carried out by using an inflation film-making
method or a T-die film-making method. In the case of the former, a
ring die is used, and in the case of the latter, a flat die is
used.
[0161] In film-making, a multiple film may be stretched of
course.
[0162] The thickness if the three-layer film may preferably range
from 30 to 300 .mu.m.
[0163] When a combination of the aluminum foil and the oriented
film is used, the aluminum foil and the oriented film are pasted
together in advance by using an adhesive agent, and the resulting
pasted product may be pasted by using the pre-laminated body and
the adhesive agent. Or the aluminum foil and the drawn film may be
pasted sequentially to the pre-laminated body.
[0164] When the inorganic vapor-deposited plastic film is used, the
inorganic vapor-deposited film may be pasted to the pre-laminated
body by using the adhesive agent.
[0165] The so-called dry lamination may be used in the adhesive
lamination. For this object, a thermosetting adhesive resin of the
isocyanate type or the epoxy type may preferably be used.
[0166] Of course, one or a combination of at least two types of
adhesive agents composed of thermoplastc resins cited above
adhesive resins may be used.
[0167] The laminated body may be produced also by an extrusion
coating method. Speaking concretely, the pre-laminated body is
melt-extruded onto (1) a laminated body of an aluminum foil and a
oriented nylon and/or a polyester or (2) an inorganic
vapor-deposited plastic film thereby to form a final laminated
body. In the extrusion coating step, an anchor agent such as a
urethane type or titanate type agent may be applied to increase
adhesiveness. As required, the above adhesive resin layer may be
provided on the aluminum foil.
[0168] The packing material of this invention may be used as
containers such as various packing bags or flexible closure
materials as soft packing materials. Examples of the packing
materials include three corner or four corner sealed ordinary
pouches, gusset bags, standing pouches and pillow packing cases.
These examples are not limited. The closure materials include
sealing closures for containers such as cups and trays.
[0169] The packing materials of this invention are useful for
sealing and preserving foods whose flavor retention and color
retention are important. For example, the packing materials of this
invention are useful for preservation of foods which can be
exemplified as follows. Examples include foods based on tomato,
processed foods such as soup, stew and curry, table luxuries such
as coffee and tea, fruitage such as fruits, juices and fruit juice
products, meat products such as salami sausage and ham, processed
marine products such as oil-steeped tuna, eels split and broiled in
soy and boiled fish paste, and foods containing functional
components such as EPA and DHA.
[0170] These packing materials of this invention are effective for
preserving medicines and cosmetics susceptible to oxidative
degradation and pollution with microorganisms, such as amino acid
preparations, fatty emulsifiers, dopamine
hydrochloride-incorporated improver for the insufficiency of
circulation and vitamine-incorporated packing material.
[0171] At the time of packing contents in a container containing
the oxygen-absorbing packing material of this invention, a gas
substituted packing technology using inert gas such as nitrogen gas
is conjointly applied whereby a further effect may be obtained.
EXAMPLES
[0172] The invention will be further described by way of Examples.
In the following Examples, measurements were taken in a manner as
described below.
[0173] [Apparent Density]Measured in compliance with JIS K 6721
maintaining a gap of 38 mm between the flow-out stopper of the
funnel and the receiving unit. The receiving unit is of a
cylindrical shape having a content of 5 cm.sup.3. A sample to be
measured is poured into the funnel and is stopped immediately after
the receiving unit is filled with the sample and the sample starts
over-flowing. The powder swelling on the receiving unit is flatly
scraped off along the upper end of the receiving unit using a
spatula paying attention so as not to give vibration thereto. The
powder adhered on the outer side of the receiving unit is mildly
removed, and the powder is weighed by weighing the weight of the
cup.
[0174] [Packed Apparent Density and Degree of Compression]The
receiving unit is filled with the powder up to its upper end like
the case of measuring the apparent density. The receiving unit
filled with the powder is horizontally raised by 3 cm and is
allowed to fall. This operation is repeated 30 times, and the
powder is further poured into space formed at the upper end of the
receiving unit as the powder is compressed. The receiving unit is
similarly allowed to fall another 30 times to compress the powder.
The powder is poured into space formed in the receiving unit, and
the receiving unit is allowed to fall another 6 times. Finally, the
upper end is flatly scraped off, and the receiving unit is
accurately weighed to find a packed apparent density.
[0175] The compression degree is calculated in compliance with the
following formula, 1 (Packedapparentdensity) - (apparentdensity)
(Packedapparentdensity) .times. 100 ( % )
[0176] [Specific Surface Area]
[0177] Measured in compliance with the BET one-point method. The
measuring device is of the Shimazu Flow-sorb type.
[0178] [Particle Diameter]
[0179] Measured in compliance with the laser diffraction-scattering
method. The measuring device is a particle diameter distribution
measuring device of the Shimazu laser diffraction type, SALD1100,
and ethanol is used as a dispersion medium for the particles.
Fifty-percent particle diameter is regarded to be an average
particle diameter.
[0180] [Aspect Ratio]The oxygen-absorbing agent particles are
expanded into 250 times, photographed, and the aspect ratio is
found from the formula R=b/a wherein a denotes the length of the
longest axis of the particle and b denotes the length of an axis
that intersects the middle point of the long axis at right
angles.
Example 1
[0181] A 4-kind 6-layer sheet was prepared by co-extruding an inner
layer and an outer layer of a propylene/ethylene block copolymer
(grade name; EC9J) produced by Mitsubishi Kagaku Co., a first
intermediate layer of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (grade
name; EP-T101A) produced by Kurarey Co., a second intermediate
layer of a resin composition in which a resin matrix was comprised
of a resin blended with 25 parts by weight of an
ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer (grade name; Toughmer P-0680)
produced by Mitsui Sekiyu Kagaku Kogyo Co. per 100 parts by weight
of a propylene-ethylene random copolymer (grade name; EX8) produced
by Mitsubishi Kagaku Co., and further containing 30 parts by weight
of an iron-type deoxidant (hereinafter referred to as blended
iron-type deoxidant) of a blend of a reducing iron powder and a
sodium chloride powder per 100 parts by weight of the matrix, and
the adhesive resin layers among the ethylene-vinyl alcohol
copolymer and the neighboring layers. FIG. 2 shows the constitution
of layers and Table 1 shows the constitution of thicknesses. The
polypropylene resin forming the inner layer was blended with 12% by
weight of titanium oxide and the polypropylene resin forming the
outer layer was blended with 6% by weight of titanium oxide in
order to conceal black color of the iron-type deoxidant.
[0182] By using a vacuum molding machine manufactured by Yamazaki
Kanagata Co., the above multi-layer sheet was vacuum-molded into a
container having a volume of 110 ml and a surface area of 120
cm.sup.2 in such a manner that the second intermediate layer faced
the inner side. The container was filled with 5 ml of water and was
sealed and was preserved in a constant-temperature
constant-humidity vessel maintained at a temperature of 30.degree.
C. and a relative humidity of 80% RH for 6 months in order to
oxidize the iron-type deoxidant in the container wall.
[0183] After preservation, the sectional wall of the container was
observed through a scanning-type electron microscope JSM-6300F
manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., and it was learned that tiny
peelings took place in many number in a stratified form among the
interfaces in the second intermediate layer in cross section.
[0184] After preservation, furthermore, the inner surface of the
container was evaluated for its ruggedness by ten panelists to
evaluate the appearance of the container. The evaluation was based
on five steps of from evaluation 1 (not acceptable) to evaluation 5
(excellent). The average values are shown in Table 2, and
evaluations of 3 or higher are regarded to be favorable
appearances. The results are shown in Table 2. The inner surface of
the container was smooth even after preserved for six months, and
favorable appearance was maintained.
Example 2
[0185] A multi-layer sheet was prepared quite in the same manner as
in Example 1 but changing the resin composition of the second
intermediate layer into the one in which the resin matrix was
comprised of a resin blended with 25 parts by weight of a
low-density polyethylene (grade name; HE30) produced by Mitsubishi
Kagaku Co. per 100 parts by weight of a propylene-ethylene random
copolymer (grade name; EX8) produced by Mitsubishi Kagaku Co., and
further containing 30 parts by weight of a blended iron-type
deoxidant per 100 parts by weight of the resin matrix. A container
was formed and preserved, and the sectional surface of the
container wall was observed and the appearance of the container was
evaluated. As a result of observing the sectional area of the
container wall, many tiny peelings were observed in a stratified
form in the interfaces in the second intermediate layer in cross
section like in Example 1. The result of appearance is shown in
Table 2. Even after preserved for six months, the inner surface of
the container was smooth and favorable appearance was
maintained.
Example 3
[0186] A multi-layer sheet was prepared quite in the same manner as
in Example 1 but changing the resin composition of the second
intermediate layer into the one in which the resin matrix was
comprised of a resin blended with 25 parts by weight of an
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (grade name; LV420) produced by
Mitsubishi Kagaku Co. per 100 parts by weight of a
propylene-ethylene random copolymer (grade name; EX8) produced by
Mitsubishi Kagaku Co., and further containing 30 parts by weight of
a blended iron-type deoxidant per 100 parts by weight of the resin
matrix. A container was formed and preserved, and the sectional
surface of the container wall was observed and the appearance of
the container was evaluated. As a result of observing the sectional
area of the container wall, many tiny peelings were observed in a
stratified form in the interfaces in the second intermediate layer
in cross section like in Example 1. The result of appearance is
shown in Table 2. Even after preserved for six months, the inner
surface of the container was smooth and favorable appearance was
maintained.
Example 4
[0187] A multi-layer sheet was prepared quite in the same manner as
in Example 1 but changing the resin composition of the second
intermediate layer into the one in which the resin matrix was
comprised of a resin blended with 25 parts by weight of an ionomer
(grade name; Himilan 1707) produced by Mitsui-Du Pont Polychemical
Co. per 100 parts by weight of a propylene-ethylene random
copolymer (grade name; EX8) produced by Mitsubishi Kagaku Co., and
further containing 30 parts by weight of a blended iron-type
deoxidant per 100 parts by weight of the resin matrix. A container
was formed and preserved, and the sectional surface of the
container wall was observed and the appearance of the container was
evaluated. As a result of observing the sectional area of the
container wall, many tiny peelings were observed in a stratified
form in the interfaces in the second intermediate layer in cross
section like in Example 1. The result of appearance is shown in
Table 2. Even after preserved for six months, the inner surface of
the container maintained favorable appearance.
Comparative Example 1
[0188] A multi-layer sheet was prepared quite in the same manner as
in Example 1 but changing the resin composition of the second
intermediate layer into the one containing 30 parts by weight of a
blended iron-type deoxidant per 100 parts by weight of a
propylene-ethylene random copolymer (grade name: EX8) produced by
Mitsubishi Kagaku Co. A container was formed and preserved, and the
sectional surface of the container wall was observed and the
appearance of the container was evaluated. As a result of observing
the sectional area of the container wall, the oxygen-absorbing
agent had been swollen in the second intermediate layer in cross
section, resulting in the occurrence of ruggedness on the surface
of the container. The appearance was deteriorated as shown in Table
2.
1 TABLE 1 Thickness of the layer (.mu.m) Inner layer 70 Second
intermediate 100 layer Adhesive layer 10 First intermediate 30
layer Adhesive layer 10 Outer layer 280
[0189]
2 TABLE 2 Evaluation of appearance Example 1 4.7 Example 2 4.5
Example 3 3.9 Example 4 3.7 Comparative 2.5 Example 1
Example 5
[0190] 100 Parts by weight of a reducing iron powder produced from
an iron ore and granulated to 2.4 mm to 12 mm and 2 parts of sodium
chloride (NaCl) having an average particle diameter of 20 .mu.m
were introduced in a total amount of 1.5 kg into a vibration mill
of a capacity of 3.0 liters together with steel balls, and were
vibration-milled for 3 hours thereby to rub NaCl onto the surfaces
of the iron powder. After the operation was finished, the NaCl
powder could no longer be confirmed by eyes. The thus prepared
NaCl-adhered iron powder (hereinafter referred to as adhered
adsorbing agent) possessed a specific area of 1.8 m.sup.2/g, an
apparent density of 1.7 g/cm.sup.3 and an average particle diameter
of 28 .mu.m. A polypropylene (PP) having an MI of 0.6 (g/10 min,
230.degree. C.) blended with 30% by weight of the adhered absorbing
agent was pelletized.
[0191] A 2-kind 3-layer sheet (having a total thickness of 210
.mu.m, constitution ratio of white PP:PP:white PP=1:1:1) was
prepared having an intermediate layer of a polypropylene (PO)
blended with the adhered absorbing agent and inner and outer layers
of a white PP obtained by blending a PP having an MI of 0.6 with 8%
by weight of titanium white, by using a molding apparatus
comprising an inner layer extruder, an outer layer extruder, an
intermediate layer extruder, a feed block, a T-die, a cooling roll
and a sheet take-up device.
[0192] 100 Parts by weight of a reducing iron powder that has been
milled to possess a specific surface area of 2.4 m.sup.2/g and an
apparent density of 1.9 g/cm.sup.3 and 2 parts of NaCl were
introduced into a V-type mixer and were blended together for 30
minutes to prepare an absorbing agent. The PP blended with this
absorbing agent was pelletized to prepare a 2-kind 3-layer sheet in
the same manner as described above (comparative example 5).
[0193] Test pieces (30.times.30 mm) prepared from these sheets were
introduced into a gas-impermeable cup (having a volume of 85 ml)
together with 1 ml of distilled water, and were heat-sealed with a
heat-sealing closure member made of a gas-impermeable aluminum
foil-laminated film, and were preserved at 50.degree. C. After
preserved for a predetermined period of time, the oxygen
concentration in the container was measured, the oxygen-absorbing
amounts of the sheets were found, and the appearance of the sheet
pieces was observed. As shown in Table 3, the sheets exhibited
increased oxygen-absorbing rates without any change in the
appearance.
3 TABLE 3 Amount of absorbing oxygen (cc/cm.sup.2) 1 day 3 days 7
days Appearance Example 5 0.08 0.14 0.15 no change Comparative 0.01
0.03 0.04 rugged Example 5
Example 6
[0194] A 4-kind 6-layer sheet (having a total thickness of 0.8 mm,
a constitution ratio of PP/ADH/EVOH/ADH/PO/PP=40/1/10/1/20/10) was
formed having a first intermediate layer of polypropylene pellets
(PO) blended with an adhered absorbing agent having a specific
surface area of 1.8 m.sup.2/g and an apparent density of 1.7
g/cm.sup.3, a second intermediate layer of an ethylene-vinyl
alcohol copolymer (EVOH: ethyl content of 32 mol %, saponification
degree of 99.6 mol %), an inner layer and an outer layer of a white
PP obtained by mixing a titanium white pigment into a PP having a
melt index (MI) of 0.5 g/10 min (230.degree. C.), and adhesive
layers of a maleic anhydride-modified PP (ADH) having an MI of 1.0
g/10 min (230.degree. C.). The obtained sheet was heated at
190.degree. C. and was formed into a square cup having a depth of
30 mm and a volume of 115 ml in a manner that the PO layer was on
the inside of the EVOH layer by using a vacuum molding machine. The
cup was filled with 1 ml of water and was heat-sealed with a
gas-impermeable aluminum foil-laminated cl.sup.6sure member in a
nitrogen atmosphere. After retort sterilization at 120.degree. C.
for 30 minutes, the cup was preserved in an atmosphere maintained
at 30.degree. C. and 80% RH, and the oxygen concentration in the
container was measured after every passage of a predetermined
period of time.
[0195] As a comparative product, 100 parts of reducing iron that is
suitably granulated and 2 parts of NaCl having an average particle
diameter of 20 .mu.m were introduced into the same vibration mill
as that of Example 5 to prepare an adhered oxygen-absorbing agent
having a final shape of a specific surface area of 0.4 m.sup.2/g
and an apparent density of 2.45 g/cm.sup.3. The same cup was formed
by using the same molding machine as used in this Example,
preserved in the same manner, and the oxygen concentration in the
container was measured after every passage of a predetermined
period of time (Comparative Example 6-1).
[0196] The results were as shown in Table 4. Furthermore, the same
cup was formed by using the same sheet but using PP instead of PO,
and the preservation testing was conducted (Comparative Example
6-2).
4TABLE 4 Results (oxygen-barrier property of the container) Oxygen
concentration (%) in the container Immediately after retorting 1 W
2 W 1 M 2 M 3 M Example 6 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.30 0.42 Comparative
0.08 0.16 0.39 0.40 0.71 0.95 Example 6-1 Comparative 0.29 0.84
1.45 1.94 3.02 3.58 Example 6-2
Example 7
[0197] In the product of Example 5 of the invention, not less than
60% of the particles have an aspect ratio of from 0.25 to 0.60.
Furthermore, the adhered absorbing agent has an apparent density of
1.7 g/cm.sup.3 but a packed apparent density of 2.8 and a
compression degree of (1-1.7/2.8).times.100=39%. By using this
adhered absorbing agent, a 4-kind 6-layer sheet of Example 6 was
prepared.
[0198] To the reducing iron powder milled into a particle diameter
of 40 .mu.m was sprayed an NaCl aqueous solution such that the
ratio of iron and NaCl was 100:2. Then, the water was removed to
obtain an adhered absorbing agent. The adsorbed absorbing agent
exhibited a large apparent aspect ratio, and in which larger than
60% of the particles exhibited an apparent aspect ratio of not
smaller than 0.6. By using this adhered absorbing agent, a 4-kind
6-layer sheet of Example 6 was formed (Comparative Example
7-1).
[0199] Cups of the same shape as that of Example 6 formed by using
these sheets were filled with 1 ml of distilled water and were
sealed in a nitrogen atmosphere. The retort sterilization was
effected at 120.degree. C. for 30 minutes to observe the oxygen
concentration in the containers and the interior of the containers.
The product of the invention exhibited excellent effect for
suppressing the oxygen concentration in the container compared with
that of the comparative product, and further exhibited excellent
appearance.
[0200] As a Comparative Example 7-2, furthermore, a cup of the same
constitution was prepared by using, as a starting material, an
oxygen-absorbing agent which has an apparent aspect ratio
comparable to that of the product of the invention but to which was
adhered no NaCl that is a reaction promoting agent. A cup
(Comparative Example 7-3) prepared by using, as a starting
material, an absorbing agent obtained by blending an iron powder
having an aspect ratio comparable to that of the Comparative
Example 7-1, was similarly sterilization-treated, and the oxygen
concentration inside therein and the appearance were inspected. The
results were as shown in Table 5.
5 TABLE 5 Oxygen concentration (%) in the container Appearance
Immediately evaluation after 1 W 2 W 1 M 3 M (5 steps) Example 7
0.08 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.42 5 (good) Comp. Ex. 7-1 0.08 0.15 0.24 0.34
0.76 3 Comp. Ex. 7-2 0.08 0.14 0.23 0.40 0.95 1 Comp. Ex. 7-3 0.08
0.16 0.39 0.40 1.20 1 (poor)
Example 8
[0201] A sheet of Example 5 was prepared by using an
oxygen-absorbing agent obtained by introducing an iron powder and
sodium chloride (NaCl) into a vibration mill in the same manner as
in Example 5, and an iron powder granulated in the same shape as
the oxygen-absorbing agent of Example 5 and to which has been
sprayed an aqueous solution containing 20% of NaCl at a rate of 10
ml per 100 g of iron, followed by drying. After preserved for one
day under the conditions of 50.degree. C. and 100% RH, the amount
of absorbing oxygen of the sheet was measured. Both exhibited good
oxygen-absorbing performance owing to the presence of the reaction
promoting agent adhered to the surfaces of the iron powder, but the
one obtained by the dry type method as in Example 5 exhibited an
oxygen-absorbing amount of 0.11 cc/cm.sup.2 and the one obtained by
the wet type method using the aqueous solution of the reaction
promoting agent exhibited an oxygen-absorbing amount of 0.07
cc/cm.sup.2.
Example 9
[0202] A polypropylene having an MI of 0.6 (g/10 min, 230.degree.
C.) was blended with 30% by weight of the oxygen-absorbing agent
coated with the oxidation promoting agent prepared in Example 5,
and was pelletized. Similarly, furthermore, a blend of a
polypropylene having an MI of 0.6 and a low-density polyethylene
(LDPE) having an MI of 0.5 at a ratio of 9:1, was pelletized. By
using these pellets, 3-layer sheets of Example 5 were prepared
(Examples 9-1, 9-2) and were heat-sterilized at 120.degree. C. for
30 minutes.
[0203] Furthermore, a 3-layer sheet (Comparative Example 9-1) same
as that of Example 5 prepared by using pellets of a mixture of PP
having an MI of 0.6 and an oxygen-absorbing agent blended with the
oxidation promoting agent used in the comparative product 1 of
Example 1, and a 3-layer sheet (Comparative Example 9-2) prepared
by using pellets of a mixture of PP having an MI of 0.6 and an LDPE
having an MI of 0.5 (g/10 min, 190.degree. C.), were
heat-sterilized at 120.degree. C. for 30 minutes to examine a
change in the appearance.
[0204] Properties were evaluated relying upon the method of
measuring the amount of absorbing oxygen used in Example 5. The
results were as shown in Table 6. As will be obvious from the
results, use of a resin system of a mixture of PP with LDPE makes
it possible to enhance the appearance as well as the
oxygen-absorbing performance.
6 TABLE 6 Evaluation of Oxygen-absorbing appearance ability (5
steps) (cc/cm.sup.2) Example 9-1 4 0.09 Example 9-2 5 0.11
Comparative 1 0.01 Example 9-1 Comparative 3 0.02 Example 9-2
Excellent 5 Poor 1
Example 10
[0205] A 4-kind 6-layer cup of Example 6 was prepared by using an
oxygen-absorbing resin composition which was the product of the
invention of Example 5. This cup was filled with 50 ml of distilled
water, sealed under atmospheric pressure, heat-sterilized at
120.degree. C. for 30 minutes, and was then preserved at 30.degree.
C. and 80% RH.
[0206] The test was also conducted by using a similar cup
(Comparative Example 10) prepared by using pellets of iron and
NaCl-blended oxygen-absorbing agent used in Comparative Example 5
in Example 5.
[0207] The product of the invention exhibited no change in the
appearance of the container over extended periods of time, but the
Comparative Example 10 developed tiny cracks in the inner surface
of the container.
[0208] According to the present invention, the thermoplastic resin
in which will be dispersed the oxygen-absorbing agent is formed of
a blend of a plurality of substantially incompatible thermoplastic
resins or elastomers, so that the incompatible thermoplastic resins
or elastomers form a nonuniformly distributed structure and,
particularly, a multi-layer structure in the matrix. In this matrix
structure, therefore, when the volumes of the particles comprising
the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized product thereof are
swollen, the interfaces are peeled off in the nonuniformly
distributed structure and, particularly, in the multi-layer
structure and tiny voids (gaps) develop among the interfaces.
Accordingly, the swollen volumes of the particles comprising the
oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized product thereof are absorbed
by the tiny voids, and the resin coating layers are prevented from
being broken.
[0209] Thus, the present invention eliminates defects inherent in
the conventional oxygen-absorbing multi-layer plastic containers,
suppresses a drop in the flavor-retaining property caused by the
elution of the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized product
thereof, and maintains the content-preserving property and the
flavor-retaining property for extended periods of time.
[0210] According to the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, furthermore, the thermoplastic resin is blended with an
oxygen-absorbing agent particles which comprise a reducing iron
powder and a layer of an oxidation promoting agent or a catalyst
firmly adhered to the surfaces of the reducing iron powder, and
having a predetermined specific surface area and an apparent
density. It is thus made possible to provide a resin composition
containing an oxygen-absorbing agent featuring an enhanced
oxygen-absorbing rate, without developing ruggedness after
preserved for extended periods of time or after heat-sterilization,
and exhibiting excellent appearance, as well as to provide
packaging containers.
Example 11, Comparative Example 10
[0211] An oxygen-absorbing agent prepared by blending a reducing
iron powder and sodium chloride at a weight ratio of 100:2 was
compounded into a resin composition in an amount of 25 parts by
weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin composition (Here, the
resin composition was composed of a propylene-ethylene random
copolymer (melt index (MI) of 10 (g/10 min., 230.degree. C.)) and
an ethylene-propylene rubber (MI of 4.5 (g/10 min., 190.degree.
C.)) at a weight ratio of 7:3) to prepare an oxygen-absorbing resin
composition. This oxygen-absorbing resin composition was
melt-extruded by an extruder, and was hot-cut to prepare a
prescribed quantity (about 0.3 g) of the oxygen-absorbing
composition. The quantity of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition
was put into a coated crown shell pre-heated, and was immediately
pressed with a press-mold in order to form a liner in the crown
shell. A glass bottle having a capacity of about 500 ml was filled
in a full level with a distilled water dissolving an oxygen in an
amount of 200 ppb and then was stoppered with the crown. The
stoppered bottle was stored at room temperature, and the amount of
the oxygen dissolving in the water was measured after a
predetermined period of time had passed.
[0212] In Comparative Example 10, a crown prepared in the same way
as in Example 11 above-mentioned, except that the used resin
composition was not compounded with the oxygen-absorbing agent.
[0213] In Example 11 of the present invention, when the period of
time for storing had passed, the amount of the oxygen dissolving in
the water decreased. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 10,
when the period of time for storing had passed, the amount of the
oxygen dissolving in the water increased due to penetrating of
oxygen through the crown.
[0214] The results are shown in Table 7.
7 TABLE 7 Amount of oxygen dissolving (ppb) initial 1 week 2 weeks
1 month 3 months Example 11 200 120 100 95 90 Comparative 200 250
300 450 500 Example 10
Example 12, Comparative Example 11
[0215] An oxygen-absorbing agent was prepared by
vibration-pulverizing a reducing iron powder and sodium chloride at
a weight ratio of 100:2 in a vibration mill for 3 hours. The
obtained oxygen-absorbing agent was compounded into a resin
composition in an amount of 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by
weight of the resin composition (Here, the resin composition was
composed of a propylene-ethylene random copolymer (melt index (MI)
of 10 (g/10 min., 230.degree. C.)) and an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin
copolymer (MI of 10 (g/10 min., 190.degree. C.)) at a weight ratio
of 4:1) to prepare an oxygen-absorbing resin composition. This
oxygen-absorbing resin composition, a hydrogenated
styrene-butadiene block copolymer and a liquid paraffin were
blended at a weight ratio of 45:20:35 to prepare a blended
material. The blended material was melt-extruded by an extruder,
and was hot-cut to prepare a prescribed quantity (about 1.2 g) of
the blened material. The quantity of the blended material was put
into a coated pilfer proof cap shell (made of aluminum, 38 mm
diameter) pre-heated, and was immediately pressed with a press-mold
in order to form a liner in the cap shell. And then, a small
quantity of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was extruded
onto the liner, and was pressed in the same way as the above in
order to form a coating of 10 .mu.m in thickness on the liner. A
glass bottle having a capacity of about 1000 ml was filled with an
ascorbic acid water solution so that the head space volume in the
bottle is 25 ml, and then was stoppered by making the cap wind the
bottle. The stoppered bottle was stored at room temperature, and
the concentration of the oxygen in the head space was measured
after a predetermined period of time had passed.
[0216] In Comparative Example 11, a cap prepared in the same way as
in Example 12 above-mentioned, except that the used blended
material did not comprise the oxygen-absorbing agent.
[0217] In Example 12 of the present invention, the rate of oxygen
concentration decreasing was large, and the appearance of the liner
was not changed, and iron dissolution did not occur.
[0218] The results are shown in Table 8.
8 TABLE 8 Oxygen concentration (%) initial 3 days 1 week 1 month
Example 12 20.9 11.6 3.8 <0.1 Comparative 20.9 16.7 11.2 3.8
Example 11
Example 13, Comparative Example 12
[0219] An oxygen-absorbing agent was prepared by
vibration-pulverizing a reducing iron powder and sodium chloride at
a weight ratio of 100:2 in a vibration mill for 3 hours. The
obtained oxygen-absorbing agent was melt-mixed with a resin
composition in an amount of 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by
weight of the resin composition (Here, the resin composition was
composed of an ethylene/vinylalcohol copolymer (32 mol % of
ethylene content, 99.5 mol % of saponification degree) and a low
density polyethylene (melt index (MI) of 2.2 (g/10 min.,190.degree.
C.)) at a weight ratio of 4:1) to prepare an oxygen-absorbing resin
composition. A two-kinds-three-layers plastic cap having a mouth
diameter of 38 mm was prepared by pressure-molding (The layer
structure of the plastic cap: The outer and inner layers were made
of a white polypropylene prepared by compounding 8% by weight of
titanium oxide into a polypropylene (melt index (MI) of 0.6 ( g/10
min.,230.degree. C.). The intermediate layer was made of the
oxygen-absorbing resin composition.) A liner composed of a
polypropylene, an ethylene-propylene rubber and a filler was
provided in the cap. A glass bottle having a capacity of 500 ml was
filled with a distilled water dissolving an oxygen in an amount of
200 ppb so that the head space volume in the bottle was not
left.
[0220] In Comparative Example 12, a plastic cap composed of
polypropylene was used.
[0221] In Example 13 of the present invention, the increase of the
oxygen dissolving amount was not found after 3 months of storage
period under 20.degree. C., 60% RH had passed, though in
Comparative Example 12, the oxygen dissolving amount remarkably
increased.
Example 14
[0222] An oxygen-absorbing composition (PO) was prepared by
compounding an iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent having 20 .mu.m of
average particle diameter into a polypropylene resin (PP) having a
melt index (MI) of 2.5 (g/10 min.,230.degree. C.) in an amount of
10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin. A film of
three-layers structure, in which the intermediate layer was made of
the oxygen-absorbing composition and both layers in both sides of
the intermediate layer were made of the same PP as the above, was
prepared by inflation method. At this time, since the PP layer in
the one side was compounded with a titanium oxide pigment to be
whitened, the layer structure of the film was : white PP layer/PO
layer/PP layer=20/25/20 (.mu.m). Furthermore, an aluminum foil of 7
.mu.m thickness and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film of 12
.mu.m thickness were laminated on the side of the PP layer by using
an adhesive to prepare an oxygen-absorbing laminate film (Present
invention 1) having the layer structure of: white
PP/PO/PP/adhesive/Al/adhesive/PET. Furthermore, another
oxygen-absorbing laminate film (Present invention 2) was prepared
by using an aluminum oxide vapor deposited PET film, instead of
Al/adhesive/PET film.
[0223] As the comparisons, laminate films were prepared in the same
way as of Present invention 1 and Present invention 2, except that
the laminate films do not have the PO layer (Comparison 1,
Comparison 2). Furthermore, a laminate film (Comparison 3) was
prepared in the same way as of Present invention 1, except that an
ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Eval resin, Kurare Co, Ltd.) of
an organic barrier film was used instead of the aluminum foil in
the present invention 1.
[0224] By using these films, three-sides-sealed bags of 150
mm.times.170 mm were prepared. 200 ml of distilled water was put in
these bags, and then the bags were sealed at the rest side so that
the space (head space) in the bag was 15 ml. After retort-treating
the bags at 120.degree. C., for 30 min. and preserving under
30.degree. C., 80% RH for a predetermined period of time, the
oxygen concentration in the bags were measured.
[0225] The results of the measurement are shown in Table 9.
9TABLE 9 (results) Oxygen concentration (%) in the bag immediately
after 14 30 60 180 retorting days days days days Present 6.5 0.3
0.1 0.1 0.1 invention 1 Present 7.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 invention 2
Comparison 1 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 Comparison 2 20.8 20.8 20.8
20.8 20.8 Comparison 3 7.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 1.2
[0226] In Comparisons 1 and 2 not having a PO layer, the oxygen
concentration in the bags did not change. In Comparison 3, though
the oxygen concentration decreased at first, the oxygen
concentration increased for a long period of time for
preservation.
Example 12
[0227] 180 g of a sarsa sauce, a beef curry or a coffee prepared by
the following recipe was filled in each of the same bag as the
present invention 1 in Example 14, and then the filled bag was
heat-sealed, so that the air volume remained in the bag was about
15 cc. After sterilizing the bags at 120.degree. C., for 30 min.
and preserving under 30.degree. C., 80% RH for a predetermined
period of time, the tasting by sense was carried out at the time
when 2 weeks and 1 month for preservation had passed. The number of
the panelist was 10, and the results were evaluated by numbers up
to 5 (point 5 is defined as a perfect score).
[0228] The results of the evaluation are shown in Table 10. As a
comparison, the same testing was carried out by using the bag
having the same structure as of Comparison 1 in Example 14.
10TABLE 10 (Results of testing by sense) 2 weeks 1 month Present
Comparison Present Comparison invention 1 1 invention 1 1 sarsa
sauce 4.6 4.0 4.5 3.2 beef curry 4.8 4.1 4.6 3.5 coffee 4.1 3.8 3.8
3.0
[0229] In all of the testing, the bag of the present invention
exhibited an excellent preservation property.
[0230] [Recipe of the Contents]
[0231] 1. Sarsa sauce
[0232] The sarsa sauce was prepared by cutting a pepper, a tomato
and an onion into tiny pieces and then adding proper amounts of a
table salt, lemon juice and a garlic into the tiny pieces.
[0233] 2. Coffee
[0234] Boiled mineral water was poured into 72 g of a blue mountain
coffee ground down to the middle degree in order that the coffee
was steamed for 1 minute, and then liquid of coffee was obtained by
pouring 1.3 litter of the boiled mineral water.
[0235] 3. Beef curry
[0236] Middle meats (1.5 cm.sup.3) prepared by being roasted and
freezed was thawed and heated again. A potato and a carrot prepared
by being cut into prescribed sizes and freezed were thawed and put
into hot water for a short time. With regards to 100 g of the beef
meats, the potato 75 g, the carrot 50 g, an onion 50 g, a curry
roux 600 g were mixed to prepare a curry.
Example 13
[0237] Present invention 1 and Comparison 1 in Example 14 were used
as a heat sealable base material for a steel foil laminate cup with
a flange (Hiretoflex, Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd.) containing a
pineapple with a sweet liquid of siroop. Sealing was carried out
under nitrogen gas atmosphere and the space (head space) in the
container was 20 cc. After sterilizing with hot water at 90.degree.
C. for 20 minutes and preserving at 30.degree. C., the color of the
pineapple was measured at the time when a predetermined period of
time had passed. The measurement was carried out by using the Color
Machine Type-I manufactured by Suga Testing Machine Co. and color
phase (H) was measured. The color phase of the pineapple in Present
invention 1 did not change almost as compared with the initial
color phase, but the color phase of the pineapple in Comparison 1
was found to change.
[0238] The results of the measurement are shown in Table 11.
11TABLE 11 (Color phase) Color phase (H) 1 month 2 months 3 months
Present invention 1 100.5 100 100 Comparison 1 97.5 96 95
Example 17
[0239] As Compaison 4, a laminate film was prepared in the same way
as of Present invention 1 in Example 14, except that the amount of
the compounded oxygen absorbing agent in the intermediate layer is
70% of the amount in Present invention 1. Three-sides-sealed bags
were prepared from Present invention 1 and Comparison 4. The
prepared bags were filled with 180 ml of water, and then were
retort-treated at 120.degree. C., for 30 min. After preserving for
1 month under 30.degree. C., 80% RH, the appearances of the bags
were evaluated and the laminate strengths of the bags were
measured. The method for measuring was shown below. The surface of
the bag in Present invention 1 was smooth, and the appearance of
Present invention 1 was excellent as compared with Comparison 4.
The laminate strength of Present invention 1 was 1.0 kg/cm.sup.2,
whereas the laminate strength of Comparison 4 was 0.2
kg/cm.sup.2.
[0240] Method for measuring the laminate strength
[0241] Instruments: TENSILON (Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd.)
[0242] Sample: Tape-like shape (15 mm width)
[0243] Tensing speed: 300 mm/min.
[0244] Measuring environment: 23.degree. C., 50% RH
Example 18
[0245] As Present invention 3, a laminate film was prepared in the
same way as of Present invention 1 in Example 14, except that the
resin composition of the oxygen-absorbing intermediate layer is a
blend of a polypropylene-type resin (melt index (MI) of 1.2 (g/10
min., 230.degree. C.)) and a low density polyethylene (LDPE, MI of
1.0 (g/10 min., 190.degree. C.)) at a weight ratio of 7:3.
Three-sides-sealed bag was prepared from Present invention 3. The
prepared bag was filled with 180 ml of water, and then was stored
at 50.degree. C. for 6 months.
[0246] After preserving for 6 months, iron amount in the water was
measured by atomic light absorption method. As the result, iron was
found not to dissolve into the water in Present invention 3.
Furthermore, the bag of Present invention 3 was found to have an
excellent durability for container.
Example 19
[0247] As Present invention 4, a laminate film was prepared in the
same way as of Present invention 1 in Example 14, except that the
iron-type oxygen-absorbing agent in the oxygen-absorbing
intermediate layer was prepared by adhering sodium chloride onto
the surface of the iron particle. Three-sides-sealed bag was
prepared from Present invention 4. The prepared bag was filled with
180 ml of water, and then was tested in the same way as of Example
18. As the result, iron was found not to be detected in the water
in the bag of Present invention 4.
[0248] According to the present invention, the thermoplastic resin
in which the oxygen-absorbing agent will be dispersed is formed of
a blendof a plurality of substantially incompatible thermoplastic
resins or elastomers, so that the incompatible thermoplastic resins
or elastomers form a nonuniformly distributed structure and,
particularly, a multi-layer structure in the matrix. In this matrix
structure, therefore, in case the particles comprising the
oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized product thereof undergo
expansion, the nonuniformly distributed structure develops peeling
on the interfaces of the multi-layer structure and tiny voids
(gaps) in the interfaces. Therefore, the expansion of volume of the
particles comprising the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized
product thereof is absorbedby the tiny voids, and the resin coating
layers are prevented from being broken.
[0249] In an ordinary state, the gas-barrier resin layer works to
prevent the permeation of oxygen, i.e., to shut off oxygen. Under
the conditions where the water and heat act simultaneously such as
in the sterilization by heat, the oxygen-absorbing agent present in
the intermediate resin layer effectively works to shut off oxygen.
Thus, the functions are effectively shared depending upon the state
where the container is placed. That is, under the conditions where
the water and heat act simultaneously, the water permeates
conspicuously through the moisture-resistant resin layer and the
gas-barrier resin further raises its temperature upon absorbing
moisture to lose its oxygen-barrier property. However, the water
that is absorbed and the heat that is given activate the
oxygen-absorbing agent which, then, effectively traps oxygen, thus
eventually suppressing the permeation of oxygen during the
sterilization by heat.
[0250] By laminating a laminated body of aluminum foil and drawn
nylon and/or polyester or the inorganic vapor-deposited plastic
film to the outside portion of the oxygen-absorbing laminated body,
oxygen permeation from an outside portion can be suppressed almost
completely. Under the conditions where water and heat
simultaneously act, this oxygen permeation is not reduced. Thus, it
becomes possible to obtain a packing material having excellent
preservability of the contents after retorting sterization.
[0251] Accordingly, the container, the packaging material, the cap,
and the liner material of the present invention are useful for a
use in which the contents is heated such as sterilized with
hot-water, filled during the contents is hot, retort-sterilized,
etc. Furthermore, the present invention is useful for a packaging
container in which the contents is cooked by micro-wave heating
such as a micro-wave oven after the container was opened.
[0252] Thus, the present invention eliminates defects inherent in
the conventional oxygen-absorbing multi-layer plastic containers,
suppresses a drop in the flavor-retaining property caused by the
elution of the oxygen-absorbing agent or the oxidized product
thereof, and maintains the content-preserving property and the
flavor-retaining property for extended periods of time.
[0253] According to the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, furthermore, the thermoplastic resin is blended with an
oxygen-absorbing agent particles which comprise a reducing iron
powder and a layer of an oxidation promoting agent or a catalyst
firmly adhered to the surfaces of the reducing iron powder, and
having a predetermined specific surface area and an apparent
density.
* * * * *