U.S. patent application number 10/957792 was filed with the patent office on 2005-03-31 for novel method of diagnosing, monitoring, and staging colon cancer.
Invention is credited to Macina, Roberto A., Sun, Yongming, Yang, Fei.
Application Number | 20050069941 10/957792 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34380582 |
Filed Date | 2005-03-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050069941 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Macina, Roberto A. ; et
al. |
March 31, 2005 |
Novel method of diagnosing, monitoring, and staging colon
cancer
Abstract
The present invention provides a new method for detecting,
diagnosing, monitoring, staging, and prognosticating colon
cancer.
Inventors: |
Macina, Roberto A.; (San
Jose, CA) ; Yang, Fei; (San Diego, CA) ; Sun,
Yongming; (San Jose, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LICATA & TYRRELL P.C.
66 E. MAIN STREET
MARLTON
NJ
08053
US
|
Family ID: |
34380582 |
Appl. No.: |
10/957792 |
Filed: |
October 4, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10957792 |
Oct 4, 2004 |
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09700769 |
Jan 4, 2001 |
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09700769 |
Jan 4, 2001 |
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PCT/US99/10498 |
May 12, 1999 |
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60086266 |
May 21, 1998 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/6.14 ;
435/7.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12Q 1/6886 20130101;
C12Q 2600/112 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
435/006 ;
435/007.23 |
International
Class: |
C12Q 001/68; G01N
033/574 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for diagnosing the presence of colon cancer in a
patient comprising: (a) measuring levels of CSG in a sample of
cells, tissue or bodily fluid obtained from the patient; and (b)
comparing the measured levels of CSG with levels of CSG in a sample
of cells, tissue or bodily fluid obtained from a control, wherein
an increase in measured levels of CSG in the patient versus the CSG
levels in the control is associated with the presence of colon
cancer.
2. A method of diagnosing metastatic colon cancer in a patient
comprising: (a) measuring levels of CSG in a sample of cells,
tissue, or bodily fluid obtained from the patient; and (b)
comparing the measured levels of CSG with levels of CSG in a sample
of cells, tissue, or bodily fluid obtained from a control, wherein
an increase in measured CSG levels in the patient versus the CSG
levels in the control is associated with a cancer which has
metastasized.
3. A method of staging colon cancer in a patient comprising: (a)
identifying a patient suffering from colon cancer; (b) measuring
levels of CSG in a sample of cells, tissue, or bodily fluid
obtained from the patient; and (c) comparing the measured levels of
CSG with levels of CSG in a sample of cells, tissue, or bodily
fluid obtained from a control, wherein an increase in the measured
levels of CSG versus the levels of CSG in the control is associated
with a cancer which is progressing and a decrease in the measured
levels of CSG versus the levels of CSG in the control is associated
with a cancer which is regressing or in remission.
4. A method of monitoring colon cancer in a patient for the onset
of metastasis comprising: (a) identifying a patient having colon
cancer that is not known to have metastasized; (b) periodically
measuring CSG levels in samples of cells, tissue, or bodily fluid
obtained from the patient; and (c) comparing the periodically
measured levels of CSG with levels of CSG in cells, tissue, or
bodily fluid obtained from a control, wherein an increase in any
one of the periodically measured levels of CSG in the patient
versus the levels of CSG in the control is associated with a cancer
which has metastasized.
5. A method of monitoring changes in a stage of colon cancer in a
patient comprising: (a) identifying a patient having colon cancer;
(b) periodically measuring levels of CSG in samples of cells,
tissue, or bodily fluid obtained from the patient; and (c)
comparing the measured levels of CSG with levels of CSG in a sample
of the same cells, tissue, or bodily fluid of a control, wherein an
increase in any one of the periodically measured levels of CSG
versus levels of CSG in the control is associated with a cancer
which is progressing in stage and a decrease in any one of the
periodically measured levels of CSG versus the levels of CSG in the
control is associated with a cancer which is regressing in stage or
in remission.
6. The method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein the CSG comprises
SEQ ID NO:3, 4, 5 or 7.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates, in part, to newly developed assays
for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring, staging, and prognosticating
cancers, particularly colon cancer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Colon cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed
malignancy in the United States. Cancer of the gastrointestinal
tract, especially colon cancer, is a highly treatable and often a
curable disease when localized to the bowel. However, currently
colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death.
Surgery is the primary treatment and results in cure in
approximately 50% of patients. Recurrence following surgery is a
major problem and often is the ultimate cause of death. The
prognosis of colon cancer is clearly related to the degree of
penetration of the tumor through the bowel wall and the presence or
absence of nodal involvement. These two characteristics form the
basis for all staging systems developed for this disease. Bowel
obstruction and bowel perforation are indicators of poor prognosis.
Elevated pretreatment serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) also have negative
prognostic significance.
[0003] Because of the frequency of the disease (approximately
160,000 new cases of colon cancer per year), the identification of
high-risk groups, the demonstrated slow growth of primary lesions,
the better survival of early-stage lesions, and the relative
simplicity and accuracy of screening tests, screening for colon
cancer should be a part of routine care for all adults starting at
age 50, especially those with first-degree relatives with
colorectal cancer.
[0004] Procedures used for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring,
staging, and prognosticating colon cancer are of critical
importance to the outcome of the patient. For example, patients
diagnosed with early colon cancer generally have a much greater
five-year survival rate as compared to the survival rate for
patients diagnosed with distant metastasized colon cancer.
Treatment decisions are usually made in reference to the older
Dukes or the Modified Astler-Coller (MAC) classification schema for
staging. However, new diagnostic methods which are more sensitive
and specific for detecting early colon cancer are clearly
needed.
[0005] Further, colon cancer patients must be closely monitored
following initial therapy and during adjuvant therapy to determine
response to therapy and to detect persistent or recurrent disease
of metastasis. Thus, there is clearly a need for a colon cancer
marker which is more sensitive and specific in detecting colon
cancer recurrence.
[0006] Another important step in managing colon cancer is to
determine the stage of the patient's disease. Stage determination
has potential prognostic value and provides criteria for designing
optimal therapy. Currently, pathological staging of colon cancer is
preferable over clinical staging as pathological staging provides a
more accurate prognosis. However, clinical staging would be
preferred were the method of clinical staging at least as accurate
as pathological staging because it does not depend on an invasive
procedure to obtain tissue for pathological evaluation. Staging of
colon cancer would be improved by detecting new markers in cells,
tissues, or bodily fluids which could differentiate between
different stages of invasion.
[0007] In the present invention, methods are provided for
detecting, diagnosing, monitoring, staging, and prognosticating
colon cancers, particularly colon, stomach, and small intestine
cancer, via nine (9) Colon Specific Genes (CSGs). The nine CSGs
refer, among other things, to native proteins expressed by the
genes comprising the polynucleotide sequences of any of SEQ ID NO:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9. In the alternative, what is meant by
the nine CSGs as used herein, means the native mRNAs encoded by the
genes comprising any of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 or levels of the genes comprising any
of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8 or 9.
[0008] Other objects, features, advantages and aspects of the
present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art
from the following description. It should be understood, however,
that the following description and the specific examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. Various changes and modifications within the
spirit and scope of the disclosed invention will become readily
apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following
description and from reading the other parts of the present
disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Toward these ends, and others, it is an object of the
present invention to provide a method for diagnosing the presence
of colon cancer in a patient which comprises measuring levels of
CSG in a sample of cells, tissue or bodily fluid from the patient
and comparing the measured levels of CSG with levels of CSG in
preferably the same cells, tissue, or bodily fluid type of a
control, wherein an increase in the measured CSG levels in the
patient versus levels of CSG in the control is associated with
colon cancer.
[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
method of diagnosing metastatic colon cancer in a patient which
comprises measuring CSG levels in a sample of cells, tissue, or
bodily fluid from the patient and comparing the measured CSG levels
with levels of CSG in preferably the same cells, tissue, or bodily
fluid type of a control, wherein an increase in measured CSG levels
in the patient versus levels of CSG in the control is associated
with a cancer which has metastasized.
[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
method of staging colon cancer in a patient which comprises
identifying a patient having colon cancer, measuring levels of CSG
in a sample of cells, tissues, or bodily fluid obtained from the
patient, and comparing the measured CSG levels with levels of CSG
in preferably the same cells, tissue or bodily fluid type of a
control. An increase in measured CSG levels in the patient versus
CSG levels in the control can be associated with a cancer which is
progressing while a decrease or equivalent level of CSG measured in
the patient versus the control can be associated with a cancer
which is regressing or in remission.
[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
method of monitoring colon cancer in a patient for the onset of
metastasis. The method comprises identifying a patient having colon
cancer that is not known to have metastasized, periodically
measuring levels of CSG in a sample of cells, tissues, or bodily
fluid obtained from the patient, and comparing the measured CSG
levels with levels of CSG in preferably the same cells, tissue, or
bodily fluid type of a control, wherein an increase in measured CSG
levels versus control CSG levels is associated with a cancer which
has metastasized.
[0013] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a
method of monitoring the change in stage of colon cancer in a
patient which comprises identifying a patient having colon cancer,
periodically measuring levels of CSG in a sample of cells, tissue,
or bodily fluid obtained from the patient, and comparing the
measured CSG levels with levels of CSG in preferably the same
cells, tissues, or bodily fluid type of a control wherein an
increase in measured CSG levels versus the control CSG levels is
associated with a cancer which is progressing and a decrease in the
measured CSG levels versus the control CSG levels is associated
with a cancer which is regressing or in remission.
[0014] Other objects, features, advantages and aspects of the
present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art
from the following description. It should be understood, however,
that the following description and the specific examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. Various changes and modifications within the
spirit and scope of the disclosed invention will become readily
apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following
description and from reading the other parts of the present
disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The present invention relates to diagnostic assays and
methods, both quantitative and qualitative for detecting,
diagnosing, monitoring, staging, and prognosticating cancers by
comparing levels of CSG with those of CSG in a normal human
control. What is meant by "levels of CSG" as used herein, means
levels of the native protein expressed by the genes comprising the
polynucleotide sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
or 9. In the alternative, what is meant by "levels of CSG" as used
herein, means levels of the native mRNA encoded by any of the genes
comprising any of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 or levels of the gene comprising any of the
polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
Such levels are preferably measured in at least one of, cells,
tissues and/or bodily fluids, including determination of normal and
abnormal levels. Thus, for instance, a diagnostic assay in
accordance with the invention for diagnosing over-expression of any
one of the CSG proteins compared to normal control bodily fluids,
cells, or tissue samples may be used to diagnose the presence of
cancers, including colon cancer. Any of the nine CSGs may be
measured alone in the methods of the invention, or all together or
any combination of the nine.
[0016] By "control" it is meant a human patient without cancer
and/or non cancerous samples from the patient, also referred to
herein as a normal human control; in the methods for diagnosing or
monitoring for metastasis, control may also include samples from a
human patient that is determined by reliable methods to have colon
cancer which has not metastasized.
[0017] All the methods of the present invention may optionally
include measuring the levels of other cancer markers as well as
CSG. Other cancer markers, in addition to CSG, useful in the
present invention will depend on the cancer being tested and are
known to those of skill in the art.
[0018] Diagnostic Assays
[0019] The present invention provides methods for diagnosing the
presence of colon cancer by analyzing for changes in levels of CSG
in cells, tissues or bodily fluids compared with levels of CSG in
cells, tissues or bodily fluids of preferably the same type from a
normal human control, wherein an increase in levels of CSG in the
patient versus the normal human control is associated with the
presence of colon cancer. Without limiting the instant invention,
typically, for a quantitative diagnostic assay a positive result
indicating the patient being tested has cancer is one in which
cells, tissues, or bodily fluid levels of the cancer marker, such
as CSG, are at least two times higher, and most preferably are at
least five times higher, than in preferably the same cells,
tissues, or bodily fluid of a normal human control.
[0020] The present invention also provides a method of diagnosing
metastatic colon cancer in a patient having colon cancer which has
not yet metastasized for the onset of metastasis. In the method of
the present invention, a human cancer patient suspected of having
colon cancer which may have metastasized (but which was not
previously known to have metastasized) is identified. This is
accomplished by a variety of means known to those of skill in the
art. For example, in the case of colon cancer, patients are
typically diagnosed with colon cancer following traditional
detection methods.
[0021] In the present invention, determining the presence of CSG
level in cells, tissues, or bodily fluid, is particularly useful
for discriminating between colon cancer which has not metastasized
and colon cancer which has metastasized. Existing techniques have
difficulty discriminating between colon cancer which has
metastasized and colon cancer which has not metastasized and proper
treatment selection is often dependent upon such knowledge.
[0022] In the present invention, the cancer marker levels measured
in such cells, tissues, or bodily fluid is CSG, and are compared
with levels of CSG in preferably the same cells, tissue, or bodily
fluid type of a normal human control. That is, if the cancer marker
being observed is just CSG in serum, this level is preferably
compared with the level of CSG in serum of a normal human patient.
An increase in the CSG in the patient versus the normal human
control is associated with colon cancer which has metastasized.
[0023] Without limiting the instant invention, typically, for a
quantitative diagnostic assay a positive result indicating the
cancer in the patient being tested or monitored has metastasized is
one in which cells, tissues, or bodily fluid levels of the cancer
marker, such as CSG, are at least two times higher, and most
preferable are at least five times higher, than in preferably the
same cells, tissues, or bodily fluid of a normal patient.
[0024] Normal human control as used herein includes a human patient
without cancer and/or non cancerous samples from the patient; in
the methods for diagnosing or monitoring for metastasis, normal
human control may also include samples from a human patient that is
determined by reliable methods to have colon cancer which has not
metastasized.
[0025] Staging
[0026] The invention also provides a method of staging colon cancer
in a human patient.
[0027] The method comprises identifying a human patient having such
cancer; analyzing a sample of cells, tissues, or bodily fluid from
such patient for CSG. Then, the method compares CSG levels in such
cells, tissues, or bodily fluid with levels of CSG in preferably
the same cells, tissues, or bodily fluid type of a normal human
control sample, wherein an increase in CSG levels in the patient
versus the normal human control is associated with a cancer which
is progressing and a decrease in the levels of CSG is associated
with a cancer which is regressing or in remission.
[0028] Monitoring
[0029] Further provided is a method of monitoring colon cancer in a
human having such cancer for the onset of metastasis. The method
comprises identifying a human patient having such cancer that is
not known to have metastasized; periodically analyzing a sample of
cells, tissues, or bodily fluid from such patient for CSG;
comparing the CSG levels in such cells, tissue, or bodily fluid
with levels of CSG in preferably the same cells, tissues, or bodily
fluid type of a normal human control sample, wherein an increase in
CSG levels in the patient versus the normal human control is
associated with a cancer which has metastasized.
[0030] Further provided by this inventions is a method of
monitoring the change in stage of colon cancer in a human having
such cancer. The method comprises identifying a human patient
having such cancer; periodically analyzing a sample of cells,
tissues, or bodily fluid from such patient for CSG; comparing the
CSG levels in such cells, tissue, or bodily fluid with levels of
CSG in preferably the same cells, tissues, or bodily fluid type of
a normal human control sample, wherein an increase in CSG levels in
the patient versus the normal human control is associated with a
cancer which is progressing in stage and a decrease in the levels
of CSG is associated with a cancer which is regressing in stage or
in remission.
[0031] Monitoring such patient for onset of metastasis is periodic
and preferably done on a quarterly basis. However, this may be more
or less frequent depending on the cancer, the particular patient,
and the stage of the cancer.
[0032] Assay Techniques
[0033] Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of
gene expression, such as CSG of the present invention, in a sample
derived from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art.
Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, reverse transcriptase
PCR (RT-PCR) assays, immunohistochemistry assays, in situ
hybridization assays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot
analyses and ELISA assays. Among these, ELISAs are frequently
preferred to diagnose a gene's expressed protein in biological
fluids. An ELISA assay initially comprises preparing an antibody,
if not readily available from a commercial source, specific to CSG,
preferably a monoclonal antibody. In addition a reporter antibody
generally is prepared which binds specifically to CSG. The reporter
antibody is attached to a detectable reagent such as radioactive,
fluorescent or enzymatic reagent, for example horseradish
peroxidase enzyme or alkaline phosphatase.
[0034] To carry out the ELISA, antibody specific to CSG is
incubated on a solid support, e.g., a polystyrene dish, that binds
the antibody. Any free protein binding sites on the dish are then
covered by incubating with a non-specific protein such as bovine
serum albumin. Next, the sample to be analyzed is incubated in the
dish, during which time CSG binds to the specific antibody attached
to the polystyrene dish. Unbound sample is washed out with buffer.
A reporter antibody specifically directed to CSG and linked to
horseradish peroxidase is placed in the dish resulting in binding
of the reporter antibody to any monoclonal antibody bound to CSG.
Unattached reporter antibody is then washed out. Reagents for
peroxidase activity, including a calorimetric substrate are then
added to the dish. Immobilized peroxidase, linked to CSG
antibodies, produces a colored reaction product. The amount of
color developed in a given time period is proportional to the
amount of CSG protein present in the sample. Quantitative results
typically are obtained by reference to a standard curve.
[0035] A competition assay may be employed wherein antibodies
specific to CSG attached to a solid support and labeled CSG and a
sample derived from the host are passed over the solid support and
the amount of label detected attached to the solid support can be
correlated to a quantity of CSG in the sample. Nucleic acid methods
may be used to detect CSG mRNA as a marker for colon cancer.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid methods,
such as ligase chain reaction (LCR) and nucleic acid sequence based
amplification (NASABA), can be used to detect malignant cells for
diagnosis and monitoring of various malignancies. For example,
reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is a powerful technique which
can be used to detect the presence of a specific mRNA population in
a complex mixture of thousands of other mRNA species. In RT-PCR, an
mRNA species is first reverse transcribed to complementary DNA
(cDNA) with use of the enzyme reverse transcriptase; the cDNA is
then amplified as in a standard PCR reaction. RT-PCR can thus
reveal by amplification the presence of a single species of mRNA.
Accordingly, if the mRNA is highly specific for the cell that
produces it, RT-PCR can be used to identify the presence of a
specific type of cell.
[0036] Hybridization to clones or oligonucleotides arrayed on a
solid support (i.e., gridding) can be used to both detect the
expression of and quantitate the level of expression of that gene.
In this approach, a cDNA encoding the CSG gene is fixed to a
substrate. The substrate may be of any suitable type including but
not limited to glass, nitrocellulose, nylon or plastic. At least a
portion of the DNA encoding the CSG gene is attached to the
substrate and then incubated with the analyte, which may be RNA or
a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the RNA, isolated from the
tissue of interest. Hybridization between the substrate bound DNA
and the analyte can be detected and quantitated by several means
including but not limited to radioactive labeling or fluorescence
labeling of the analyte or a secondary molecule designed to detect
the hybrid. Quantitation of the level of gene expression can be
done by comparison of the intensity of the signal from the analyte
compared with that determined from known standards. The standards
can be obtained by in vitro transcription of the target gene,
quantitating the yield, and then using that material to generate a
standard curve. The above tests can be carried out on samples
derived from a variety of patients' cells, bodily fluids and/or
tissue extracts (homogenates or solubilized tissue) such as from
tissue biopsy and autopsy material. Bodily fluids useful in the
present invention include blood, urine, saliva, or any other bodily
secretion or derivative thereof. Blood can include whole blood,
plasma, serum, or any derivative of blood.
EXAMPLES
[0037] The present invention is further described by the following
examples. These examples are provided solely to illustrate the
invention by reference to specific embodiments. These
exemplifications, while illustrating certain specific aspects of
the invention, do not portray the limitations or circumscribe the
scope of the disclosed invention.
Example 1
CSGs
[0038] Searches were carried out and CSGs identified using the
following Search Tools as part of the LIFESEQ.RTM. database
available from Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, Calif.:
[0039] 1. Library Comparison (compares one library to one other
library) allows the identification of clones expressed in tumor and
absent or expressed at a lower level in normal tissue.
[0040] 2. Subsetting is similar to library comparison but allows
the identification of clones expressed in a pool of libraries and
absent or expressed at a lower level in a second pool of
libraries.
[0041] 3. Transcript Imaging lists all of the clones in a single
library or a pool of libraries based on abundance. Individual
clones can then be examined using Electronic Northerns to determine
the tissue sources of their component ESTs.
[0042] 4. Protein Function: Incyte has identified subsets of ESTs
with a potential protein function based on homologies to known
proteins. Some examples in this database include Transcription
Factors and Proteases. We identified some leads by searching in
this database for clones whose component ESTs showed disease
specificity.
[0043] Electronic subtractions, transcript imaging and protein
function searches were used to identify clones, whose component
ESTs were exclusively or more frequently found in libraries from
specific tumors. Individual candidate clones were examined in
detail by checking where each EST originated.
1TABLE 1 CSGs SEQ ID NO: Clone ID # Gene ID # 1 238330 242807
Transcript Imaging 2 1285234 239588 Subsetting 3 1341701 29634
Transcript Imaging 4 816257 233421 Subsetting 5 775133 245080
Subsetting 6 1335450 245811 Subsetting 7 2348122 233711 Transcript
Imaging 8 3228674 230273 Subsetting 9 1632174 229022 Transcript
Imaging
[0044] The following example was carried out using standard
techniques, which are well known and routine to those of skill in
the art, except where otherwise described in detail. Routine
molecular biology techniques of the following example can be
carried out as described in standard laboratory manuals, such as
Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed.;
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
(1989).
Example 2
Relative Quantitation of CSG Gene Expression
[0045] Real-Time quantitative PCR with fluorescent Taqman probes is
a quantitation detection system utilizing the 5'-3' nuclease
activity of Taq DNA polymerase. The method uses an internal
fluorescent oligonucleotide probe (Taqman) labeled with a 5'
reporter dye and a downstream, 3' quencher dye. During PCR, the
5'-3' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase releases the
reporter, whose fluorescence can then be detected by the laser
detector of the Model 7700 Sequence Detection System (PE Applied
Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA).
[0046] Amplification of an endogenous control is used to
standardize the amount of sample RNA added to the reaction and
normalize for Reverse Transcriptase (RT) efficiency. Either
cyclophilin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or
18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is used as this endogenous control. To
calculate relative quantitation between all the samples studied,
the target RNA levels for one sample are used as the basis for
comparative results (calibrator). Quantitation relative to the
"calibrator" can be obtained using the standard curve method or the
comparative method (User Bulletin #2: ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence
Detection System).
[0047] To evaluate the tissue distribution, and the level of CSGs
in normal and tumor tissue, total RNA was extracted from normal
tissues, tumor tissues, and from tumors and the corresponding
matched normal tissues. Subsequently, first strand cDNA was
prepared with reverse transcriptase and the polymerase chain
reaction was done using primers and Taqman probe specific to the
CSG. The results were analyzed using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence
Detector. The absolute numbers are relative levels of expression of
the CSG compared to the calibrator.
Comparative Examples
[0048] Similar mRNA expression analysis for genes coding for the
diagnostic markers PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) and PLA2
(Phospholipase A2) was performed for comparison. PSA is currently
the only cancer screening marker available in clinical
laboratories. When the panel of normal pooled tissues was analyzed,
PSA was expressed at very high levels in prostate, with a very low
expression in breast and testis. After analysis of more than 55
matching samples from 14 different tissues, the data corroborated
the tissue specificity seen with normal tissue samples. PSA
expression was compared in cancer and normal adjacent tissue for 12
matching samples of prostate tissue. The relative levels of PSA
were higher in 10 cancer samples (83%). Clinical data recently
obtained support the utilization of PLA2 as a staging marker for
late stages of prostate cancer. mRNA expression data described
herein showed overexpression of the mRNA in 8 out of the 12
prostate matching samples analyzed (66%). PLA2 had high levels of
mRNA expression in small intestine, prostate, liver, and
pancreas.
[0049] Measurement of SEQ ID NO:3; Clone ID 1341701; Gene ID 29634
(Cln106)
[0050] Absolute numbers are depicted in Table 2 as relative levels
of expression of Cln106 (SEQ ID NO:3) in 12 normal different
tissues. All the values are compared to normal testis (calibrator).
These RNA samples are commercially available pools, originated by
pooling samples of a particular tissue from different
individuals.
2TABLE 2 Relative levels of Cln106 Expression in Pooled Samples
Tissue NORMAL Colon-Ascending 110 Endometrium 0 Kidney 0 Liver 0
Ovary 0 Pancreas 0 Prostate 16 Small Intestine 0 Spleen 0 Stomach 0
Testis 1 Uterus 0
[0051] The relative levels of expression in Table 2 show for the
CSG Cln106 (SEQ ID NO:3), mRNA expression is more than 6 fold
higher in the pool of normal ascending colon (110) compared with
prostate (16). Testis, the calibrator, with a relative expression
level of 1, is the only other tissue expressing the mRNA for Cln106
(SEQ ID NO:3). These results demonstrate that mRNA expression of
this CSG is highly specific for colon.
[0052] The absolute numbers in Table 2 were obtained analyzing
pools of samples of a particular tissue from different individuals.
They can not be compared to the absolute numbers originated from
RNA obtained from tissue samples of a single individual in Table
3.
[0053] The absolute numbers in Table 3 are relative levels of
expression of Cln106 (SEQ ID NO:3) in 57 pairs of matching samples.
All the values are compared to normal testis (calibrator). A
matching pair is formed by mRNA from the cancer sample for a
particular tissue and mRNA from the normal adjacent sample for that
same tissue from the same individual.
3TABLE 3 Relative levels of Cln106 Expression in Individual Samples
Matching Normal Sample ID Tissue Cancer Adjacent Sto AC93 Stomach 1
4 96 Sto AC99 Stomach 2 0.4 0.5 Sml 21XA Small Intestine 1 0 0 Sml
H89 Small Intestine 2 0.93 1.28 Cln B56 Colon-Cecum(A)1 317 101 Cln
AS45 Colon-Ascending(A)2 316.3 146.5 Cln CM67 Colon-Cecum(B)3 481.0
217.5 Cln AS67 Colon-Ascending(B)4 858.1 220.6 Cln AS43
Colon-Ascending(C)5 1370 98 Cln AS46 Colon-Ascending(C)6 3051 375
Cln AS98 Colon-Ascending(C)7 26 42 Cln AS89 Colon-Ascending(D)8
524.6 11.0 Cln TX01 Colon-Transverse(B)9 2886.3 1992.0 Cln TX89
Colon-Transverse(B)10 146.0 35.9 Cln TX67 Colon-Transverse(C)11 2.9
421.7 Cln MT38 Colon-Splenic 1681 187 Flexture (M) 12 Cln SG89
Colon-Sigmoid(B)13 1063.8 31.1 Cln SG67 Colon-Sigmoid(C)14 8.5 9.4
Cln SG33 Colon-Sigmoid(C)15 264 549 Cln SG45 Colon-Sigmoid(D)16
580.0 114.6 Cln B34 Colon-Rectosigmoid(A)17 97 244 Cln CXGA
Colon-Rectum(A)18 45.1 273.4 Cln RC67 Colon-Rectum(B)19 2.7 20.0
Cln C9XR Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)20 609 460 Cln RS45
Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)21 472.8 144.0 Cln RC01 Colon-Rectum(C)22 568
129 Cln RC89 Colon-Rectum(D)23 4.6 322.91 Bld 46XK Bladder 1 0.2 0
Bld 66X Bladder 2 1 1 Bld 32XK Bladder 3 0.0 0.0 Kid 126XD Kidney 1
0 0 Kid 12XD Kidney 2 0 0 Kid 5XD Kidney 3 0.0 1.0 Kid 6XD Kidney 4
0.0 0.0 Kid 106XD Kidney 5 0.4 0.0 Liv 42X Liver 1 0.0 0.0 Liv 15XA
Liver 2 0.0 0.0 Liv 94XA Liver 3 0.0 0.0 Lng AC69 Lung 1 2 0 Lng
BR94 Lung 2 0 0 Lng 47XQ Lung 3 0 0 Mam 59X Mammary Gland 1 0 0 Mam
B011X Mammary Gland 2 0 0 Mam A06X Mammary Gland 3 0 0 Ovr 103X
Ovary 1 0.04 2.08 Ovr 130X Ovary 2 0.1 2.76 Pan 71XL Pancreas 1
4.08 0.1 Pan 82XP Pancreas 2 0 0 Pro 12B Prostate 1 0.3 0 Pro 23B
Prostate 2 3 4 Pro 13XB Prostate 3 2 7 Pro 34B Prostate 4 0.54 4.01
Pro 20XB Prostate 5 4.8 4.3 Pro 65XB Prostate 6 0.7 1.3 Tst 39X
Testis 1 2.78 0 End 8XA Endometrium 1 0 0.2 Utr 85XU Uterus 1 1.26
0 0 = Negative
[0054] When matching samples were analyzed, the higher levels of
expression were in the colon, showing a high degree of
tissue-specificity for this tissue. These results confirm the
tissue specificity results obtained with the panel of normal pooled
samples (Table 2). Furthermore, the level of mRNA expression in
cancer samples and the isogenic normal adjacent tissue from the
same individual were compared. This comparison provides an
indication of specificity for the cancer stage (e.g. higher levels
of mRNA expression in the cancer sample compared to the normal
adjacent). Table 3 shows overexpression of Cln106 (SEQ ID NO:3) in
15 colon cancer tissues compared with their respective normal
adjacent (colon samples #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16,
20, 21, and
[0055] 22). There is overexpression in the cancer tissue for 65% of
the colon matching samples tested (total of 23 colon matching
samples). The matching sample Pan 71XL is a secondary cancer in
pancreas, the primary cancer in that individual was a duodenal
cancer.
[0056] Altogether, the high level of tissue specificity, plus the
mRNA overexpression in 65% of the colon matching samples tested are
demonstrative of CSG Cln106 (SEQ ID NO:3) being a diagnostic marker
for colon cancer.
[0057] Measurement of SEQ ID NO:4; Clone ID 816257; Gene ID 406452
(Cln107)
[0058] Absolute numbers as depicted in Table 4 are relative levels
of expression of CSG Cln107 (SEQ ID NO:4) in 12 normal different
tissues. All the values are compared to normal small intestine
(calibrator). These RNA samples are commercially available pools,
originated by pooling samples of a particular tissue from different
individuals.
4TABLE 4 Relative levels of Cln107 Expression in Pooled Samples
Tissue NORMAL Colon-Ascending 3.2 Endometrium 0 Kidney 0.2 Liver 0
Ovary 0 Pancreas 0 Prostate 0.1 Small Intestine 1 Spleen 0 Stomach
0.3 Testis 0 Uterus 0
[0059] The relative levels of expression in Table 4 show that mRNA
expression of the CSG Cln107 (SEQ ID NO:4) is more than 10 fold
higher in the pool of normal ascending colon (3.2), five fold
higher in small intestine (1), and 1.5 fold higher in stomach
(0.3), compared with the next higher expressor (0.2 for kidney).
Seven of the pooled tissues samples analyzed were negative and
prostate showed a relative expression of 0.1 for Cln107 (SEQ ID
NO:4). These results demonstrate that Cln107 mRNA expression is
highly specific for colon, small intestine, and in a lower degree
for stomach.
[0060] The absolute numbers in Table 4 were obtained analyzing
pools of samples of a particular tissue from different individuals.
They can not be compared to the absolute numbers originated from
RNA obtained from tissue samples of a single individual in Table
5.
[0061] The absolute numbers in Table 5 are relative levels of
expression of Cln107 (SEQ ID NO:4) in 57 pairs of matching samples.
All the values are compared to normal small intestine (calibrator).
A matching pair is formed by mRNA from the cancer sample for a
particular tissue and mRNA from the normal adjacent sample for that
same tissue from the same individual.
5TABLE 5 Relative levels of Cln107 Expression in Individual Samples
Matching Normal Sample ID Tissue Cancer Adjacent Sto AC93 Stomach 1
8.9 13.4 Sto AC99 Stomach 2 6.0 0.9 Sml 21XA Small Intestine 1 1.07
1.42 Sml H89 Small Intestine 2 0.97 4.13 Cln B56 Colon-Cecum(A)1 2
16 Cln AS45 Colon-Ascending(A)2 0.7 2.1 Cln CM67 Colon-Cecum(B)3
1.6 2.1 Cln AS67 Colon-Ascending(B)4 1.2 6.2 Cln AS43
Colon-Ascending(C)5 13.5 0.5 Cln AS46 Colon-Ascending(C)6 9.7 23.6
Cln AS98 Colon-Ascending(C)7 28.1 1.4 Cln AS89 Colon-Ascending(D)8
0.9 3.1 Cln TX01 Colon-Transverse(B)9 3.0 10.6 Cln TX89
Colon-Transverse(B)10 4.5 0.6 Cln TX67 Colon-Transverse(C)11 3.6
3.4 Cln MT38 Colon-Splenic 4.0 2.6 Flexture(M)12 Cln SG89
Colon-Sigmoid(B)13 4.7 0.9 Cln SG67 Colon-Sigmoid(C)14 1.0 1.3 Cln
SG33 Colon-Sigmoid(C)15 14.2 7.6 Cln SG45 Colon-Sigmoid(D)16 4.8
6.0 Cln B34 Colon-Rectosigmoid(A)17 3 2 Cln CXGA Colon-Rectum(A)18
4.4 1.9 Cln RC67 Colon-Rectum(B)19 0.1 0.4 Cln C9XR
Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)20 5 3 Cln RS45 Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)21 11.4
4.6 Cln RC01 Colon-Rectum(C)22 1.8 2.3 Cln RC89 Colon-Rectum(D)23
0.1 5.35 Bld 46XK Bladder 1 0.2 0 Bld 66X Bladder 2 1 1 Bld 32XK
Bladder 3 0.1 0.1 Kid 126XD Kidney 1 0 0.02 Kid 12XD Kidney 2 0.1
0.2 Kid 5XD Kidney 3 0.3 0.0 Kid 6XD Kidney 4 0.1 0.1 Kid 106XD
Kidney 5 0.0 0.1 Liv 42X Liver 1 7.9 0.002 Liv 15XA Liver 2 0.0 0.0
Liv 94XA Liver 3 0.0 0.0 Lng AC69 Lung 1 1.6 0.2 Lng BR94 Lung 2
0.4 0 Lng 47XQ Lung 3 0.78 0.2 Mam 59X Mammary Gland 1 0.05 0.3 Mam
B011X Mammary Gland 2 0.01 0.004 Mam A06X Mammary Gland 3 0.22 0
Ovr 103X Ovary 1 0.01 0.01 Ovr 130X Ovary 2 0.09 0.1 Pan 71XL
Pancreas 1 2.51 2.81 Pan 82XP Pancreas 2 0 0.62 Pro 12B Prostate 1
0.3 0.1 Pro 23B Prostate 2 0.3 0.2 Pro 13XB Prostate 3 0 0 Pro 34B
Prostate 4 0.04 0.22 Pro 20XB Prostate 5 0.4 0.1 Pro 65XB Prostate
6 0.0 0.1 Tst 39X Testis 1 0.02 0.01 End 8XA Endometrium 1 0.01 0.5
Utr 85XU Uterus 1 0.03 0 0 = Negative
[0062] When matching samples were analyzed, the higher levels of
expression were in colon, stomach, and small intestine, showing a
high degree of tissue specificity for colon tissues. These results
confirm the tissue specificity results obtained with normal pooled
samples (Table 4). Furthermore, the level of mRNA expression in
cancer samples and the isogenic normal adjacent tissue from the
same individual were compared. This comparison provides an
indication of specificity for the cancer stage (e.g. higher levels
of mRNA expression in the cancer sample compared to the normal
adjacent). Table 5 shows overexpression of Cln107 (SEQ ID NO:4) in
11 colon cancer tissues compared with their respective normal
adjacent (colon samples #5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, and
21). There is overexpression in the cancer tissue for 48% of the
colon matching samples tested (total of 23 colon matching samples).
The matching sample Pan 71XL is a secondary cancer in pancreas, the
primary cancer in that individual was a duodenal cancer.
[0063] Altogether, the high level of tissue specificity, plus the
mRNA overexpression in almost half of the colon, stomach, and small
intestine matching samples tested are demonstrative of CSG Cln107
(SEQ ID NO:4) being a diagnostic marker for colon cancer.
[0064] Measurement of SEQ ID NO: 5; Clone ID 775133; Gene ID 24508
(Cln108)
[0065] The absolute numbers shown in Table 6 are relative levels of
expression of CSG Cln108 (SEQ ID NO:5) in 12 normal different
tissues. All the values are compared to normal small intestine
(calibrator). These RNA samples are commercially available pools,
originated by pooling samples of a particular tissue from different
individuals.
6TABLE 6 Relative levels of Cln108 Expression in Pooled Samples
Tissue NORMAL Colon-Ascending 2846.5 Endometrium 1 Kidney 5.5 Liver
18.7 Ovary 3.4 Pancreas 198.1 Prostate 1024 Small Intestine 810.8
Spleen 32.2 Stomach 9981.2 Testis 0 Uterus 294.1
[0066] The relative levels of expression in Table 6 show that mRNA
expression of CSG Cln108 (SEQ ID NO:5) is more than 10 fold higher
in the pool of normal ascending colon (2846.5) and almost ten fold
higher in stomach (9981.2), compared to the expression level in any
other tissue analyzed. These results demonstrate that mRNA
expression of this CSG is also highly specific for colon and
stomach.
[0067] The absolute numbers in Table 6 were obtained analyzing
pools of samples of a particular tissue from different individuals.
They can not be compared to the absolute numbers originated from
RNA obtained from tissue samples of a single individual in Table
7.
[0068] The absolute numbers depicted in Table 7 are relative levels
of expression of Cln108 (SEQ ID NO:5) in 57 pairs of matching
samples. All the values are compared to normal small intestine
(calibrator). A matching pair is formed by mRNA from the cancer
sample for a particular tissue and mRNA from the normal adjacent
sample for that same tissue from the same individual.
7TABLE 7 Relative levels of Cln108 Expression in Individual Samples
Matching Normal Sample ID Tissue Cancer Adjacent Sto AC93 Stomach 1
28696 34842 Sto AC99 Stomach 2 21523 30862 Sml 21XA Small Intestine
1 2944 964.4 Sml H89 Small Intestine 2 244.5 3513.2 Cln B56
Colon-Cecum(A)1 27242 24637 Cln AS45 Colon-Ascending(A)2 5827.0
8771.0 Cln CM67 Colon-Cecum(B)3 4251.0 4684.0 Cln AS67
Colon-Ascending(B)4 564.0 1949.0 Cln AS43 Colon-Ascending(C)5 50310
10949 Cln AS46 Colon-Ascending(C)6 246044 120073 Cln AS98
Colon-Ascending(C)7 40442 17482 Cln AS89 Colon-Ascending(D)8 5730.0
1581.0 Cln TX01 Colon-Transverse(B)9 22281.0 114784.0 Cln TX89
Colon-Transverse(B)10 11026.0 1639.0 Cln TX67 Colon-Transverse(C)11
17004.0 11654.0 Cln MT38 Colon-Splenic 77589 31620 Flexture(M)12
Cln SG89 Colon-Sigmoid(B)13 140339.0 49617.0 Cln SG67
Colon-Sigmoid(C)14 4951.0 7905.0 Cln SG33 Colon-Sigmoid(C)15 60875
120490 Cln SG45 Colon-Sigmoid(D)16 30437.0 47267.0 Cln B34
Colon-Rectosigmoid(A)17 5848 5861 Cln CXGA Colon-Rectum(A)18
13877.0 9787.0 Cln RC67 Colon-Rectum(B)19 1703.0 26589.0 Cln C9XR
Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)20 2458 19071 Cln RS45 Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)21
95523 61939 Cln RC01 Colon-Rectum(C)22 98891.0 80047.0 Cln RC89
Colon-Rectum(D)23 17.0 1775 Bld 46XK Bladder 1 0 8 Bld 66X Bladder
2 397 44 Bld 32XK Bladder 3 0.0 16.0 Kid 126XD Kidney 1 32 22 Kid
12XD Kidney 2 6 0 Kid 106XD Kidney 3 4.0 33.0 Liv 42X Liver 1 4783
0 Liv 15XA Liver 2 4.0 10.0 Liv 94XA Liver 3 159.0 21.0 Lng AC69
Lung 1 222 295 Lng BR94 Lung 2 112 0 Lng 47XQ Lung 3 30 69 Lng AC66
Lung 4 29 137 Mam 59X Mammary Gland 1 56 0 Mam B011X Mammary Gland
2 54 31 Mam A06X Mammary Gland 3 12 0 Ovr 103X Ovary 1 37 0 Pan
71XL Pancreas 1 13203 4163 Pan 82XP Pancreas 2 39.1 0 Pro 12B
Prostate 1 386 88 Pro 23B Prostate 2 250 23 Pro 13XB Prostate 3 92
731 Pro 34B Prostate 4 33.3 265.7 Pro 20XB Prostate 5 454.6 1908.9
Pro 65XB Prostate 6 733.5 922.0 End 8XA Endometrium 1 5 92 Utr 85XU
Uterus 1 98.9 21.8 Utr 23XU Uterus 2 35.3 0 Utr 135XO Uterus 3 39.2
43.8 Utr 141XO Uterus 4 212.1 55.9 0 = Negative
[0069] When matching samples were analyzed, the higher levels of
expression were in colon and stomach, showing a high degree of
tissue specificity for these two tissues. These results confirm the
tissue specificity results obtained with normal pooled samples
(Table 6). Furthermore, the level of mRNA expression in cancer
samples and the isogenic normal adjacent tissue from the same
individual were compared. This comparison provides an indication of
specificity for the cancer stage (e.g. higher levels of mRNA
expression in the cancer sample compared to the normal adjacent).
Table 7 shows overexpression of CSG Cln108 (SEQ ID NO:5) in 13
colon cancer tissues compared with their respective normal adjacent
(colon samples #1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 21, and 22).
There is overexpression in the cancer tissue for 56% of the colon
matching samples tested (total of 23 colon matching samples). The
matching sample Pan 71XL is a secondary cancer in pancreas, the
primary cancer in that individual was a duodenal cancer.
[0070] Altogether, the high level of tissue specificity, plus the
mRNA overexpression in more than half of the colon, stomach, and
small intestine matching samples tested are demonstrative of this
CSG, Cln108 (SEQ ID NO:5), also being a diagnostic marker for colon
cancer.
[0071] Measurement of SEQ ID NO:7; Clone ID 2348122; Gene ID 23371
(Cln109)
[0072] The absolute numbers depicted in Table 8 are relative levels
of expression of CSG Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7) in 12 normal different
tissues. All the values are compared to normal ovary (calibrator).
These RNA samples are commercially available pools, originated by
pooling samples of a particular tissue from different
individuals.
8TABLE 8 Relative levels of Cln109 Expression in Pooled Samples
Tissue NORMAL Colon-Ascending 28.8 Endometrium 0.45 Kidney 0.41
Liver 0.72 Ovary 0.07 Pancreas 82.8 Prostate 124.3 Small Intestine
626.4 Spleen 1.2 Stomach 12.05 Testis 1.51 Uterus 52.99
[0073] The relative levels of expression in Table 8 show that mRNA
expression of CSG Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7), is more than 5 fold higher
in the pool of normal small intestine (626.4) compared to the
expression level in any other tissue analyzed. These results
demonstrate that Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7) mRNA expression is highly
specific for small intestine.
[0074] The absolute numbers in Table 8 were obtained analyzing
pools of samples of a particular tissue from different individuals.
They can not be compared to the absolute numbers originated from
RNA obtained from tissue samples of a single individual in Table
9.
[0075] The absolute numbers depicted in Table 9 are relative levels
of expression of Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7) in 53 pairs of matching
samples. All the values are compared to normal ovary (calibrator).
A matching pair is formed by mRNA from the cancer sample for a
particular tissue and mRNA from the normal adjacent sample for that
same tissue from the same individual.
9TABLE 9 Relative levels of Cln109 Expression in Individual Samples
Matching Normal Sample ID Tissue Cancer Adjacent Sto AC93 Stomach 1
2574 1310 Sto AC99 Stomach 2 4153 5 Sml 21XA Small Intestine 1 2667
13663.8 Sml H89 Small Intestine 2 57.8 904.29 Cln B56
Colon-Cecum(A)1 6794 299 Cln AS45 Colon-Ascending(A)2 814.6 105.8
Cln CM67 Colon-Cecum(B)3 294.6 36.1 Cln AS67 Colon-Ascending(B)4
2.2 26.3 Cln AS43 Colon-Ascending(C)5 111 377 Cln AS46
Colon-Ascending(C)6 1180 352 Cln AS98 Colon-Ascending(C)7 1075 92
Cln AS89 Colon-Ascending(D)8 14022.7 87.5 Cln TX01
Colon-Transverse(B)9 1027.6 282.1 Cln TX89 Colon-Transverse(B)10
2.5 23.7 Cln TX67 Colon-Transverse(C)11 0.1 72.3 Cln MT38
Colon-Splenic 372 88 Flexture(M)12 Cln SG89 Colon-Sigmoid(B)13
179.2 33.4 Cln SG67 Colon-Sigmoid(C)14 85.0 94.7 Cln SG33
Colon-Sigmoid(C)15 5461 377 Cln SG45 Colon-Sigmoid(D)16 762.7 15.9
Cln B34 Colon-Rectosigmoid(A)17 460 1 Cln RC67 Colon-Rectum(B)18
64.5 136.2 Cln C9XR Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)19 441 34 Cln RS45
Colon-Rectosigmoid(C)20 1931 195 Cln RC01 Colon-Rectum(C)21 72.8
19.1 Cln RC89 Colon-Rectum(D)22 4.8 90.2 Bld 46XK Bladder 1 4 3 Bld
66X Bladder 2 1 0 Bld 32XK Bladder 3 0.1 307.6 Kid 126XD Kidney 1 0
2 Kid 12XD Kidney 2 3 16 Kid 5XD Kidney 3 0.0 0.3 Kid 6XD Kidney 4
18.5 1.2 Liv 42X Liver 1 21 0.03 Liv 15XA Liver 2 0.5 0.4 Liv 94XA
Liver 3 0.4 0.0 Lng AC69 Lung 1 0.1 0 Lng BR94 Lung 2 3 0 Lng 60XL
Lung 3 0.1 0 Mam 59X Mammary Gland 1 0 4 Mam B011X Mammary Gland 2
8 13 Mam A06X Mammary Gland 3 4.7 9.6 Pan 71XL Pancreas 1 8902.5
1428.2 Pan 82XP Pancreas 2 0.2 9.3 Pro 12B Prostate 1 9 20 Pro 23B
Prostate 2 191 88 Pro 13XB Prostate 3 12 460 Pro 34B Prostate 4 3.2
80.4 Tst 39X Testis 1 29.9 0 End 8XA Endometrium 1 0.3 21 Utr 85XU
Uterus 1 244.7 592.2 Ovr 63A Ovary 1 11.4 0 Ovr A1C Ovary 2 68.4 0
0 = Negative
[0076] When matching samples were analyzed, the higher levels of
expression were in small intestine, colon and stomach, showing a
high degree of tissue specificity for these three colon tissues.
These results confirm the tissue specificity results obtained with
normal pooled samples for small intestine (Table 8). Furthermore,
the level of mRNA expression in cancer samples and the isogenic
normal adjacent tissue from the same individual were compared. This
comparison provides an indication of specificity for the cancer
stage (e.g. higher levels of mRNA expression in the cancer sample
compared to the normal adjacent). Table 9 shows overexpression of
CSG, Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7) in 15 colon cancer tissues compared with
their respective normal adjacent (colon samples #1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8,
9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21). There is overexpression in
the cancer tissue for 68% of the colon matching samples tested
(total of 22 colon matching samples). The matching sample Pan 71XL
is a secondary cancer in pancreas, the primary cancer in that
individual was a duodenal cancer.
[0077] Altogether, the high level of tissue specificity, plus the
mRNA overexpression in more than half of the colon, stomach, and
small intestine matching samples tested are demonstrative of CSG
Cln109 (SEQ ID NO:7) being a diagnostic marker for colon cancer.
The amino acid sequence encoded by the open reading frame of Cln109
is depicted in SEQ ID NO:10.
Sequence CWU 1
1
10 1 487 DNA Homo sapien 1 tctgcatctg gccctcccag tgcacctgtt
caatcccagc ycctccctga cctgtacaaa 60 tacacctgag gaccggctcg
agcccagact tcctgcccct gctctgcact ctcaggtatt 120 ccctgctctt
actccaaaaa gatggaccca ggtccgaagg ggcactgcca ctgtgggggg 180
catggccatc ctccaggtca ctgcgggcga acccctggcc atggcccagg gccctgcggg
240 ccaccccctg gccatggccc agggccctgc gggcaacccc ctggccatgg
cccagggccc 300 tgcgggcctc cccctggcca tggcccaggt cacccacccc
ctggtccaca tcactgagga 360 agtagaagaa aacaggacac aagatggcaa
gcctgagaga attgcccagc tgacctggaa 420 tgaggcctaa accacaatct
tctcttccta ataaacagcc tcctagaggc cacattctat 480 tctttaa 487 2 739
DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature (693)..(693) n=a, c, g or t 2
tctgaaactg tcagttccac cagcactgct tggatactgg taagtttcca gggggctgct
60 ttgcatctga aactgtcagc cccagaatgt tgacagtcgc tctcctagcc
cttctctgtg 120 cctcagcctc tggcaatgcc attcaggcca ggtcttcctc
ctatagtgga gagtatggaa 180 gtggtggtgg aaagcgattc tctcattctg
gcaaccagtt ggacggcccc atcaccgccc 240 tccgggtccg agtcaacaca
tactacatcg taggtcttca ggtgcgctat ggcaaggtgt 300 ggagcgacta
tgtgggtggt cgcaacggag acctggagga gatctttctg caccctgggg 360
aatcagtgat ccaggtttct gggaagtaca agtggtacct gaagaagctg gtatttgtga
420 cagacaaggg ccgctatctg tcttttggga aagacagtgg cacaagtttc
aatgccgtcc 480 ccttgcaccc caacaccgtg ctccgcttca tcagtggccg
gtctggttct ctcatcgatg 540 ccattggcct gcactgggat gtttacccca
ctagctgcag cagatgctga gcctcctctc 600 cttggcaggg gcactgtgat
gaggagtaag aactccctta tcactaaccc ccatccaaat 660 ggctcaataa
aaaaatatgg ttaaggctaa aanaaaanng gannnaanan nnnnnntnca 720
aannnnantt cncctgnta 739 3 428 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature
(392)..(392) n=a, c, g or t 3 aattgtccgg ggtcaaacag aggagagcat
gaatgagagt catcctcgca agtgtgcaga 60 gtcttttgag atgtgggatg
atcgtgactc ccactgtagg cgccctaagt ttgaagggca 120 tccccctgag
tcttggaagt ggatccttgc accggtcatt ctttatatct gtgaaaggat 180
cctccggttt taccgctccc agcagaaggt tgtgattacc aaggttgtta tgcacccatc
240 caaagttttg gaattgcaga tgaacaagcg tggcttcagc atggaagtgg
ggcagtatat 300 ctttgttaat tgcccctcaa tctctctcct gggaatggca
tccttttact ttgacctctg 360 ctccagagga agatttcttc ttcattcata
tncgagcagc aggggacttg acagaaaatc 420 tataaggg 428 4 1347 DNA Homo
sapiens 4 ggaaaacccc tgagcacaaa gcaagaggca tcgaagcccc ctcggggatg
cccgcaagcc 60 aacaggggtg tcgtgcggtg ggagtacttc cgcctgcgtc
ctctgcggtt cagggcccca 120 gacgagcccc agcaggccca agtcccccat
gtctggggct gggaggtggc tggggcccct 180 gcactgaggc tgcagaagtc
ccagtcatct gatctgctgg aaagggagag ggagagtgtc 240 ctgcgccggg
agcaagaggt ggcagaggag cggagaaatg ctctcttccc agaggtcttc 300
tccccaacgc cagatgagaa ctctgaccag aactccagga gctcctccca ggcatccggc
360 atcacgggca gttactcggt gtctgagtct cccttcttca gccccatcca
cctacactca 420 aacgtggcgt ggacagtgga agatccagtg gacagtgctc
ctcccgggca gagaaagaag 480 gagcaatggt acgctggcat caacccctcg
gacggtatca actcagaggt cctggaagcc 540 atacgggtga cccgtcacaa
gaacgccatg gcagagcgct gggaatcccg catctacgcc 600 agtgaggagg
atgactgagc ctcgggatgg ggcgcccacc ccctgccctg ccctgaccct 660
cgtgggaact gccaagacca tcgccaagcc cccaccctag gaaatgggtc ctaggtccag
720 gatccaagaa ccacagctca tctgccaaca atcccaccat gggcacattt
gggactgttg 780 ggtttttcgt ttccgtttct atcttccttt agaaatgttt
ctgcctttgg ggtctaaagc 840 ttttggggat gaaatgggga cccctgctga
ttctttctgc ttctaagact ttgccaaatg 900 ccctgggtct aagaaagaaa
gagacccgct cctccacttt caggtgtaat ttgcttccgc 960 tagtctgagg
gcagagggac cggtcaaaga gggtggcaca gatcgcagca ccttgagggg 1020
ctgcgggtct gagggaggag acactcagct cctccctctg agaagtccca agctgagagg
1080 ggagacctgc ccctttccaa ccctgggaaa ccatccagtc tgagggagga
ggccaaactc 1140 ccagtgctgg gggtccctgt gcagccctca aacccttcac
cttggtgcac ccagccacac 1200 ctggtggaca caaagctctc acatcgatag
gatcccatga ggatggtccc cttcacctgg 1260 gagaaaagtg acccagttta
ggagctggag gggggtcttt gtcccccacc cccaaactgc 1320 cctgaaataa
acctggagtg agctgcc 1347 5 1249 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature
(1034)..(1056) n=a, c, g or t 5 ggcagagcct gcgcagggca ggagcagctg
gcccactggc ggcccgcaac actccgtctc 60 accctctggg cccactgcat
ctagaggagg gccgtctgtg aggccactac ccctccagca 120 actgggaggt
gggactgtca gaagctggcc cagggtggtg gtcagctggg tcagggacct 180
aacggcacct ggctgggacc acctcgcctt ctccatcgaa gcaggggaag tgggagcctc
240 gagccctcgg gtggaagctg accccaagcc acccttcacc tggacaggat
gagagtgtca 300 ggtgtgcttc gcctcctggc cctcatcttt gccatagtca
cgacatggat gtttattcga 360 agctacatga gcttcagcat gaaaaccatc
cgtctgccac gctggctggc ctcgcccacc 420 aaggagatcc aggttaaaaa
gtacaagtgt ggcctcatca agccctgccc agccaactac 480 tttgcgttta
aaatctgcag tggggccgcc aacgtcgtgg gccctactat gtgctttgaa 540
gaccgcatga tcatgagtcc tgtgaaaaac aatgtgggca gaggcctaaa catcgccctg
600 gtgaatggaa ccacgggagc tgtgctggga cagaagtcat ttgacatgta
ctctggagat 660 gttatgcacc tagtgaaatt ccttaaagaa attccggggg
gtgcactggt gctggtggcc 720 tcctacgacg atccagggac caaaatgaac
gatgaaagca ggaaactctt ctctgacttg 780 gggagttcct acgcaaaaca
actgggcttc cgggacagct gggtcttcat aggagccaaa 840 gacctcaggg
gtaaaagccc ctttgagcag ttcttaaaga acagcccaga cacaaacaaa 900
tacgagggat ggccagagct gctggagatg gagggctgca tgcccccgaa gccattttag
960 ggtggctgtg gctcttcctc agccaggggc ctgaagaagc tcctgcctga
cttaggagtc 1020 agagcccggc aggnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnntgct
gcgtggaagg tgctgcaggt 1080 ccttgcacgc tgtgtcgcgc ctctcctcct
cggaaacaga accctcccac agcacatcct 1140 acccggaaga ccagcctcag
agggtccttc tggaaccagc tgtctgtgga gagaatgggg 1200 tgctttcgtc
agggactgct gacggctggt cctgaggaag gacaaactg 1249 6 1220 DNA Homo
sapiens 6 gctttctgca cctcattcca catcaggagc gtttttggag aaagctgcac
tctgttgagc 60 tccagggcgc agtggaggga gggagtgaag gagctctctg
tacccaagga aagtgcagct 120 gagactcaga caagattaca atgaaccaac
tcagcttcct gctgtttctc atagcgacca 180 ccagaggatg gagtacagat
gaggctaata cttacttcaa ggaatggacc tgttcttcgt 240 ctccatctct
gcccagaagc tgcaaggaaa tcaaagacga atgtcctagt gcatttgatg 300
gcctgtattt tctccgcact gagaatggtg ttatctacca gaccttctgt gacatgacct
360 ctgggggtgg cggctggacc ctggtggcca gcgtgcacga gaatgacatg
cgtgggaagt 420 gcacggtggg cgatcgctgg tccagtcagc agggcagcaa
agcagtctac ccagaggggg 480 acggcaactg ggccaactac aacacctttg
gatctgcaga ggcggccacg agcgatgact 540 acaagaaccc tggctactac
gacatccagg ccaaggacct gggcatctgg cacgtgccca 600 ataagtcccc
catgcagcac tggagaaaca gctccctgct gaggtaccgc acggacactg 660
gcttcctcca gacactggga cataatctgt ttggcatcta ccagaaatat ccagtgaaat
720 atggagaagg aaagtgttgg actgacaacg gcccggtgat ccctgtggtc
tatgattttg 780 gcgacgccca gaaaacagca tcttattact caccctatgg
ccagcgggaa ttcactgcgg 840 gatttgttca gttcagggta tttaataacg
agagagcagc caacgccttg tgtgctggaa 900 tgagggtcac cggatgtaac
actgagcacc actgcattgg tggaggagga tactttccag 960 aggccagtcc
ccagcagtgt ggagattttt ctggttttga ttggagtgga tatggaactc 1020
atgttggtta cagcagcagc cgtgagataa ctgaggcagc tgtgcttcta ttctatcgtt
1080 gagagttttg tgggagggaa cccagacctc tcctcccaac catgagatcc
caaggatgga 1140 gaacaactta cccagtagct agaatgttaa tggcagaaga
gaaaacaata aatcatattg 1200 actcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaag 1220 7 2796 DNA
Homo sapiens 7 cggctcgagg gacaggatga ggcccggcct ctcatttctc
ctagcccttc tgttcttcct 60 tggccaagct gcaggggatt tgggggatgt
gggacctcca attcccagcc ccggcttcag 120 ccctttccca ggtgttgact
ccagctccag cttcagctcc agctccaggt cgggctccag 180 ctccagccgc
agcttaggca gcggaggttc tgtgtcccag ttgttttcca atttcaccgg 240
ctccgtggat gaccgtggga cctgccagtg ctctgtttcc ctgccagaca ccacctttcc
300 cgtggacaga gtggaacgct tggaattcac agctcatgtt ctttctcaga
agtttgagaa 360 agaactttcc aaagtgaggg aatatgtcca attaattagt
gtgtatgaaa agaaactgtt 420 aaacctaact gtccgaattg acatcatgga
gaaggatacc atttcttaca ctgaactgga 480 cttcgagctg atcaaggtag
aagtgaagga gatggaaaaa ctggtcatac agctgaagga 540 gagttttggt
ggaagctcag aaattgttga ccagctggag gtggagataa gaaatatgac 600
tctcttggta gagaagcttg agacactaga caaaaacaat gtccttgcca ttcgccgaga
660 aatcgtggct ctgaagacca agctgaaaga gtgtgaggcc tctaaagatc
aaaacacccc 720 tgtcgtccac cctcctccca ctccagggag ctgtggtcat
ggtggtgtgg tgaacatcag 780 caaaccgtct gtggttcagc tcaactggag
agggttttct tatctatatg gtgcttgggg 840 tagggattac tctccccagc
atccaaacaa aggactgtat tgggtggcgc cattgaatac 900 agatgggaga
ctgttggagt attatagact gtacaacaca ctggatgatt tgctattgta 960
tataaatgct cgagagttgc ggatcaccta tggccaaggt agtggtacag cagtttacaa
1020 caacaacatg tacgtcaaca tgtacaacac cgggaatatt gccagagtta
acctgaccac 1080 caacacgatt gctgtgactc aaactctccc taatgctgcc
tataataacc gcttttcata 1140 tgctaatgtt gcttggcaag atattgactt
tgctgtggat gagaatggat tgtgggttat 1200 ttattcaact gaagccagca
ctggtaacat ggtgattagt aaactcaatg acaccacact 1260 tcaggtgcta
aacacttggt ataccaagca gtataaacca tctgcttcta acgccttcat 1320
ggtatgtggg gttctgtatg ccacccgtac tatgaacacc agaacagaag agatttttta
1380 ctattatgac acaaacacag ggaaagaggg caaactagac attgtaatgc
ataagatgca 1440 ggaaaaagtg cagagcatta actataaccc ttttgaccag
aaactttatg tctataacga 1500 tggttacctt ctgaattatg atctttctgt
cttgcagaag ccccagtaag ctgtttagga 1560 gttagggtga aagagaaaat
gtttgttgaa aaaatagtct tctccactta cttagatatc 1620 tgcaggggtg
tctaaaagtg tgttcatttt gcagcaatgt ttaggtgcat agttctacca 1680
cactagagat ctaggacatt tgtcttgatt tggtgagttc tcttgggaat catctgcctc
1740 ttcaggcgca ttttgcaata aagtctgtct agggtgggat tgtcagaggt
ctaggggcac 1800 tgtgggccta gtgaagccta ctgtgaggag gcttcactag
aagccttaaa ttaggaatta 1860 aggaacttaa aactcagtat ggcgtctagg
gattctttgt acaggaaata ttgcccaatg 1920 actagtcctc atccatgtag
caccactaat tcttccatgc ctggaagaaa cctggggact 1980 tagttaggta
gattaatatc tggagctcct cgagggacca aatctccaac ttttttttcc 2040
cctcactaca cctggaatga tgctttgtat gtggcagata agtaaatttg gcatgcttat
2100 atattctaca tctgtaaagt gctgagtttt atggagagag gcctttttat
gcattaaatt 2160 gtacatggca aataaatccc agaaggatct gtagatgagg
cacctgcttt ttcttttctc 2220 tcattgtcca ccttactaaa agtcagtaga
atcttctacc tcataacttc cttccaaagg 2280 cagctcagaa gattagaacc
agacttacta accaattcca ccccccacca acccccttct 2340 actgcctact
ttaaaaaaat taatagtttt ctatggaact gatctaagat tagaaaaatt 2400
aattttcttt aatttcatta tggactttta tttacatgac tctaagacta taagaaaatc
2460 tgatggcagt gacaaagtgc tagcatttat tgttatctaa taaagacctt
ggagcatatg 2520 tgcaacttat gagtgtatca gttgttgcat gtaatttttg
cctttgttta agcctggaac 2580 ttgtaagaaa atgaaaattt aatttttttt
tctaggacga gctatagaaa agctattgag 2640 agtatctagt taatcagtgc
agtagttgga aaccttgctg gtgtatgtga tgtgcttctg 2700 tgcttttgaa
tgactttatc atctagtctt tgtctgtttt tcctttgatg ttcaagtcct 2760
agtctatagg attggcagtt taaatgcttt actccc 2796 8 2331 DNA Homo
sapiens misc_feature (675)..(675) n=a, c, g or t 8 tttatcacgg
gctcaactgc aacaaaacac ttccttgaca gctccacaaa ctcaggccac 60
agtgaggaat caacaatatt ccacagcagc ccagatgcaa gtggaacaac accctcatct
120 gcccactcca caacctcagg tcgtggagaa tctacaacct cacgcatcag
tccaggctca 180 actgaaataa caacgttacc tggcagtacc acaacaccag
gcctcagtga ggcatctacc 240 accttctaca gtagccccag atcaccagac
caaacactct cacctgccag catgagaagc 300 tccagcatca gtggagaacc
caccagcttg tatagccaag cagagtcaac acacacaaca 360 gcgttccctg
ccagcaccac cacctcaggc ctcagtcagg aatcaacaac tttccacagt 420
aagccaggct caactgagac aacactgtcc cctggcagca tcacaacttc atcttttgct
480 caagaattta ccacccctca tagccaacca ggctcagctc tgtcaacagt
gtcacctgcc 540 agcaccacag tgccaggcct tagtgaggaa tctaccacct
tctacagcag cccaggctca 600 actgaaacca cagcgttttc tcacagcaac
acaatgtcca ttcatagtca acaatctaca 660 cccttccctg acagnccagg
cttcactcac acagtgttac ctgccaccct cacaaccaca 720 gacattggtc
aggaatcaac agccttccac agcagctcag acgcaactgg aacaacaccc 780
ttacctgccc gctccacagc ctcagacctt gttggagaac ctacaacttt ctacatcagc
840 ccatccccta cttacacaac actctttcct gcgagttcca gcacatcagg
cctcactgag 900 gaatctacca ccttccacac cagtccaagc ttcacttcta
caattgtgtc tactgaaagc 960 ctggaaacct tagcaccagg gttgtgccag
gaaggacaaa tttggaatgg aaaacaatgc 1020 gtctgtcccc aaggctacgt
tggttaccag tgcttgtccc ctctggaatc cttccctgta 1080 gaaaccccgg
aaaaactcaa cgccacttta ggtatgacag tgaaagtgac ttacagaaat 1140
ttcacagaaa agatgaatga cgcatcctcc caggaatacc agaacttcag taccctcttc
1200 aagaatcgga tggatgtcgt tttgaagggc gacaatcttc ctcagtatag
aggggtgaac 1260 attcggagat tgctcaacgg tagcatcgtg gtcaagaacg
atgtcatcct ggaggcagac 1320 tacactttag agtatgagga actgtttgaa
aacctggcag agattgtaaa ggccaagatt 1380 atgaatgaaa ctagaacaac
tcttcttgat cctgattcct gcagaaaggc catactgtgc 1440 tatagtgaag
aggacacttt cgtggattca tcggtgactc cgggctttga cttccaggag 1500
caatgcaccc agaaggctgc cgaaggatat acccagttct actatgtgga tgtcttggat
1560 gggaagctgg cctgtgtgaa caagtgcacc aaaggaacga agtcgcaaat
gaactgtaac 1620 ctgggcacat gtcagctgca acgcagtgga cccccgctgc
ctgtgcccaa atacgaacac 1680 acactggtac tggggagaga cctgtgaatt
caacatcgcc aagagcctcg tgtatgggat 1740 cgtgggggct gtgatggcgg
tgctgctgct cgcattgatc atcctaatca tcttattcag 1800 cctatcccag
agaaaacggc acagggaaca gtatgatgtg cctcaagagt ggcgaaagga 1860
aggcacccct ggcatcttcc agaagacggc catctgggaa gaccagaatc tgagggagag
1920 cagattcggc cttgagaacg cctacaacaa cttccggccc accctggaga
ctgttgactc 1980 tggcacagag ctccacatcc agaggccgga gatggtagca
tccactgtgt gagccaacgg 2040 gggcctccca ccctcatcta gctctgttca
ggagagctgc aaacacagag cccaccacaa 2100 gcctccgggg cgggtcaaga
ggagaccgaa gtcaggccct gaagccggtc ctgctctgag 2160 ctgacagact
tggccagtcc cctgcctgtg ctcctgctgg ggaaggctgg gggctgtaag 2220
cctctccatc cgggagcttc cagactccca gaagcctcgg cacccctgtc tcctcctggg
2280 tggctcccca ctctggaatt tccctaccaa taaaagcaaa tctgaaagct c 2331
9 909 DNA Homo sapiens 9 gaggaggtgg gcgccaacag acaggcgatt
aatgcggctc ttacccaggc aaccaggact 60 acagtataca ttgtggacat
tcaggacata gattctgcag ctcgggcccg acctcactcc 120 tacctcgatg
cctactttgt cttccccaat gggtcagccc tgacccttga tgagctgagt 180
gtgatgatcc ggaatgatca ggactcgctg acgcagctgc tgcagctggg gctggtggtg
240 ctgggctccc aggagagcca ggagtcagac ctgtcgaaac agctcatcag
tgtcatcata 300 ggattgggag tggctttgct gctggtcctt gtgatcatga
ccatggcctt cgtgtgtgtg 360 cggaagagct acaaccggaa gcttcaagct
atgaaggctg ccaaggaggc caggaagaca 420 gcagcagggg tgatgccctc
agcccctgcc atcccaggga ctaacatgta caacactgag 480 cgagccaacc
ccatgctgaa cctccccaac aaagacctgg gcttggagta cctctctccc 540
tccaatgacc tggactctgt cagcgtcaac tccctggacg acaactctgt ggatgtggac
600 aagaacagtc aggaaatcaa ggagcacagg ccaccacaca caccaccaga
gccagatcca 660 gagcccctga gcgtggtcct gttaggacgg caggcaggcg
caagtggaca gctggagggg 720 ccatcctaca ccaacgctgg cctggacacc
acggacctgt gacaggggcc cccactcttc 780 tggacccctt gaagaggccc
taccacaccc taactgcacc tgtctccctg gagatgaaaa 840 tatatgacgc
tgccctgcct cctgcttttg gccaatcacg gcagacaggg gttggggaaa 900
tattttatt 909 10 510 PRT Homo sapiens 10 Met Arg Pro Gly Leu Ser
Phe Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Phe Phe Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Ala Gly
Asp Leu Gly Asp Val Gly Pro Pro Ile Pro Ser Pro 20 25 30 Gly Phe
Ser Pro Phe Pro Gly Val Asp Ser Ser Ser Ser Phe Ser Ser 35 40 45
Ser Ser Arg Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser Ser Arg Ser Leu Gly Ser Gly Gly 50
55 60 Ser Val Ser Gln Leu Phe Ser Asn Phe Thr Gly Ser Val Asp Asp
Arg 65 70 75 80 Gly Thr Cys Gln Cys Ser Val Ser Leu Pro Asp Thr Thr
Phe Pro Val 85 90 95 Asp Arg Val Glu Arg Leu Glu Phe Thr Ala His
Val Leu Ser Gln Lys 100 105 110 Phe Glu Lys Glu Leu Ser Lys Val Arg
Glu Tyr Val Gln Leu Ile Ser 115 120 125 Val Tyr Glu Lys Lys Leu Leu
Asn Leu Thr Val Arg Ile Asp Ile Met 130 135 140 Glu Lys Asp Thr Ile
Ser Tyr Thr Glu Leu Asp Phe Glu Leu Ile Lys 145 150 155 160 Val Glu
Val Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Leu Val Ile Gln Leu Lys Glu Ser 165 170 175
Phe Gly Gly Ser Ser Glu Ile Val Asp Gln Leu Glu Val Glu Ile Arg 180
185 190 Asn Met Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Lys Leu Glu Thr Leu Asp Lys Asn
Asn 195 200 205 Val Leu Ala Ile Arg Arg Glu Ile Val Ala Leu Lys Thr
Lys Leu Lys 210 215 220 Glu Cys Glu Ala Ser Lys Asp Gln Asn Thr Pro
Val Val His Pro Pro 225 230 235 240 Pro Thr Pro Gly Ser Cys Gly His
Gly Gly Val Val Asn Ile Ser Lys 245 250 255 Pro Ser Val Val Gln Leu
Asn Trp Arg Gly Phe Ser Tyr Leu Tyr Gly 260 265 270 Ala Trp Gly Arg
Asp Tyr Ser Pro Gln His Pro Asn Lys Gly Leu Tyr 275 280 285 Trp Val
Ala Pro Leu Asn Thr Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Glu Tyr Tyr Arg 290 295 300
Leu Tyr Asn Thr Leu Asp Asp Leu Leu Leu Tyr Ile Asn Ala Arg Glu 305
310 315 320 Leu Arg Ile Thr Tyr Gly Gln Gly Ser Gly Thr Ala Val Tyr
Asn Asn 325 330 335 Asn Met Tyr Val Asn Met Tyr Asn Thr Gly Asn Ile
Ala Arg Val Asn 340 345 350 Leu Thr Thr Asn Thr Ile Ala Val Thr Gln
Thr Leu Pro Asn Ala Ala 355 360 365 Tyr Asn Asn Arg Phe Ser Tyr Ala
Asn Val Ala Trp Gln Asp Ile Asp 370 375 380 Phe Ala Val Asp Glu Asn
Gly Leu Trp Val Ile Tyr Ser Thr Glu Ala 385 390 395 400 Ser Thr Gly
Asn Met Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Asn Asp Thr Thr Leu Gln 405 410 415 Val
Leu Asn Thr Trp Tyr Thr Lys Gln Tyr Lys Pro Ser Ala Ser Asn 420 425
430 Ala Phe Met Val Cys Gly Val Leu Tyr Ala Thr Arg Thr Met Asn Thr
435 440 445 Arg Thr Glu Glu Ile Phe Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Thr Asn Thr Gly
Lys Glu 450 455
460 Gly Lys Leu Asp Ile Val Met His Lys Met Gln Glu Lys Val Gln Ser
465 470 475 480 Ile Asn Tyr Asn Pro Phe Asp Gln Lys Leu Tyr Val Tyr
Asn Asp Gly 485 490 495 Tyr Leu Leu Asn Tyr Asp Leu Ser Val Leu Gln
Lys Pro Gln 500 505 510
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