U.S. patent application number 10/993847 was filed with the patent office on 2005-03-31 for methods and apparatus for a vapor dispensing device having improved transverse loading stability.
Invention is credited to Conway, Mary, He, Mengtao Pete, Mills, Francis Joseph IV, Rinaldis, David, Strasser, Michael, Triplett, Carl.
Application Number | 20050069305 10/993847 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 31714867 |
Filed Date | 2005-03-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050069305 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
He, Mengtao Pete ; et
al. |
March 31, 2005 |
Methods and apparatus for a vapor dispensing device having improved
transverse loading stability
Abstract
A vapor dispensing device having a high transverse loading
stability includes a relatively low profile with respect to the
supporting wall or electrical receptacle such that the frequency
and impact of accidental physical contact with the device are
appropriately reduced. To achieve a low profile, the housing of a
vapor dispensing device is designed such that the distance from the
outlet face of the wall receptacle to a worst-case transverse
loading point (d.sub.L) is less than the distance from the plug to
a worst-case support point (d.sub.S).
Inventors: |
He, Mengtao Pete;
(Scottsdale, AZ) ; Triplett, Carl; (Scottsdale,
AZ) ; Conway, Mary; (Phoenix, AZ) ; Rinaldis,
David; (Longmont, CO) ; Strasser, Michael;
(Lafayette, CA) ; Mills, Francis Joseph IV; (Holt,
MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Snell & Wilmer L.L.P.
One Arizona Center
400 East Van Buren
Phoenix
AZ
85004-2202
US
|
Family ID: |
31714867 |
Appl. No.: |
10/993847 |
Filed: |
November 19, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10993847 |
Nov 19, 2004 |
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10222070 |
Aug 16, 2002 |
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10993847 |
Nov 19, 2004 |
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10640116 |
Aug 13, 2003 |
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10993847 |
Nov 19, 2004 |
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10640141 |
Aug 13, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
392/392 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01M 1/2077 20130101;
A01M 1/2072 20130101; A61L 9/03 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
392/392 |
International
Class: |
G01F 011/20 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A vapor-dispensing device having a high transverse loading
stability when connected to an electrical receptacle having an
outlet face, said vapor-dispensing device comprising: a housing; a
device outlet provided within said housing; a plug electrically
coupled to said device outlet and configured to be inserted into
said outlet face; a vapor delivery device coupled to said housing;
a refill component removeably attached to said vapor delivery
device, said refill component including a refill body and a
volatizable material provided therein; said housing having a
worst-case transverse loading point a distance d.sub.L from said
outlet face along an axis through said worst-case transverse
loading point and substantially perpendicular to said outlet face;
said housing having a worst-case support point a distance d.sub.S
from said plug along an axis through said worst-case support point
and substantially parallel to said outlet face; said transverse
loading stability of said vapor dispensing device characterized by
a transverse loading coefficient .eta., defined as:
.eta..ident.d.sub.S/d.sub.L wherein said vapor dispensing device
has a transverse loading coefficient .eta.>1.0.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said refill component at least
partially surrounds the outlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said refill is generally
"U"-shaped.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said refill is configured to
slideably attach to the environment-altering apparatus.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said refill is a rectangular
ring.
6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the vapor-delivery device is
passive.
7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the vapor-delivery device is
active.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/222,070 entitled "Vapor Dispensing Device
Having Improved Transverse Loading Stability" filed Aug. 16, 2002
and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/640,116 entitled "Vapor
Dispensing Device Having Improved Transverse Loading Stability"
filed Aug. 13, 2003.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to vapor dispensing devices
such as air fresheners. More particularly, the invention relates to
electrically-powered vapor dispensing devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Electrically-operated vapor dispensing devices have been
used for several years and have become common household products.
These devices are typically inserted into a conventional electrical
receptacle to obtain electricity for heating a perfumed fluid, wax,
paraffin, or other fuel to produce a pleasing aroma that is
dispersed within a room or other confined space. Examples of
electric vapor dispensers include the RENUZIT products available
from The Dial Corporation of Scottsdale, Ariz. One such product is
shown in U.S. Design Patent Ser. No. D449,101 which issued on Oct.
9, 2001 to Wolpert et al.
[0004] Many conventional vapor dispensing devices exhibit a marked
disadvantage, however, in that the size of the dispenser housing
frequently extends outwardly from the wall receptacle for a
significant distance. Because of this distance, an outcropping from
the wall is produced that can become bumped, jostled or otherwise
accidentally placed into contact with people or objects. Such
contact may have the effect of pushing the dispenser out of the
wall receptacle, and may potentially break or deform the device.
Accordingly, it is desirable to produce an electric vapor dispenser
that is resilient to accidental contact that may produce breakage
or displacement of the dispenser.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] A vapor dispensing device having a high transverse loading
stability is provided in accordance with various embodiments of the
invention. Such a device includes a relatively low profile with
respect to the supporting wall or electrical receptacle such that
the frequency and impact of accidental physical contact with the
device are appropriately reduced. According to an exemplary
embodiment, the housing of a vapor dispensing device is designed
such that the perpendicular distance from the outlet face of the
wall receptacle to a worst-case transverse loading point (d.sub.L)
is less than the distance from the plug to a worst-case support
point (d.sub.S) such that a transverse loading coefficient
.eta.=d.sub.S/d.sub.L is greater than one. These and other aspects
of the invention shall become more apparent when read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures and the attached
detailed description of exemplary embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
[0006] The features and advantages of the present invention are
hereinafter described in the following detailed description of
exemplary embodiments to be read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals are
used to identify the same or similar parts in the similar views,
and:
[0007] FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional vapor dispensing
device;
[0008] FIG. 2 is a side view of an exemplary vapor dispensing
device with a high transverse loading stability;
[0009] FIG. 3 is a side view of an exemplary vapor dispensing
device having two plugs and a high transverse loading
stability;
[0010] FIGS. 4A-D are top, front, side and perspective views,
respectively, of an exemplary vapor dispensing device having a high
transverse loading stability; and
[0011] FIGS. 5A-5C depict various refill configurations in
accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0012] With reference to FIG. 1, a conventional vapor dispensing
device 100 typically includes a housing 108 coupled to a plug 106
that is capable of being inserted into a conventional electrical
receptacle in a wall or other structure 110. Housing 108 typically
retains a vapor-producing material such as a perfumed fluid, wax,
paraffin or the like that can be combusted, electrolyzed or
otherwise processed by a resistance heater or other appropriate
device to produce a vapor that can be dispersed through a room,
vehicle or other confined space.
[0013] Due to the relatively large profile of vapor dispensing
device 100 with respect to wall 110, however, forces impacting on
the vapor dispensing device 100 suitably produce rotational moments
about a support point along the wall. For example, force F applied
at point 102 on housing 108 suitably produces a rotational moment
about point 104 that is equal to the magnitude of force F
multiplied by the distance d.sub.L from the effective point of
force F to the front face of the outlet. This loading distance
d.sub.L is defined as the distance from the effective point of
force F from an axis that is perpendicular to the front face of the
outlet and that runs through a support point 104. In the
vapor-dispensing device 100 shown in FIG. 1, support point 104 is
the point on device 100 that bears the greatest impact of force
F.
[0014] Application of force F produces a reactive force R between
plug 106 and wall 110. Reactive force R appropriately maintains
vapor-producing device 100 in contact with the outlet receptacle,
and produces a counter-balancing rotational moment upon support
point 104. The moment produced by the stabilizing force R about
support point 104 is equal to the magnitude of reactive force R
multiplied by the distance from force R to support point 104. This
distance is referred to herein as support distance d.sub.S and is
typically measured along an axis parallel to the outlet face.
Because vapor dispensing device 100 remains rigidly fixed in
position and does not move in response to the application of force
F, the sum of the moments about point 104 suitably equates to zero.
The sum of the moments about point 104 may therefore be expressed
as:
R d.sub.S-F d.sub.L=0 (Equation 1)
[0015] Manipulating these terms algebraically shows that the
resulting force R produced into the wall by force F is as follows:
1 R = L F S = F ( Equation 2 )
[0016] wherein .eta. is a transverse loading coefficient defined as
the ratio of the support distance d.sub.S to the load distance
d.sub.L. In vapor dispensing device 100 shown in FIG. 1, it is
clear that lateral distance d.sub.L is relatively large compared to
d.sub.S, thereby indicating that the transverse loading coefficient
.eta. is less than 1. Accordingly, it can be readily shown from
Equation 2 that a load force F upon point 102 effectively produces
a resultant force R that has a greater magnitude than that of force
F when the transverse loading coefficient .eta. is less than
one.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a side view of a vapor dispensing device having an
improved transverse loading stability. With reference now to FIG.
2, a vapor dispensing device 200 suitably includes a housing 108
coupled to a plug 106 that is capable of being inserted into the
outlet face 212 of a conventional electrical receptacle 210 housed
in a wall or other surface 110. Housing 108 may also include a
conventional device outlet 206 electrically coupled to the plug
that provides electrical power from plug 106 to a light or other
electrically-powered device such as a hairdryer, curling iron,
electric razor, kitchen appliance, or the like.
[0018] FIG. 2 depicts a force F impinging upon a worst-case
transverse loading point 202 along housing 108. Worst-case loading
point 202 is any point along the edge of device 200 that is
furthest from the outer face 212 of the electrical receptacle.
Worst-case loading point 202 corresponds to locations on housing
108 where the impinging force produces a maximum rotational moment
about a worst-case support point 204, which is defined as the
points on housing 108 wherein the moment produced by reactive force
R is maximized. Worst-case support points 204 typically reside on
an edge of housing 108 that is in physical contact with the front
face of the receptacle and that is on a side of housing 108
opposite plug 106 from the impinging point of the force F.
Accordingly, device 200 may exhibit multiple worst-case support
points along an edge of housing 108 that provide equal reactive
moments to external forces. Similarly, forces impinging upon each
point along certain edges of housing 108 may produce identical
moments in the various support points. Accordingly, the precise
locations of worst-case loading and support points on device 400
vary widely depending upon the particular embodiment and forces
applied.
[0019] In the device shown in FIG. 2, worst-case support point 204
is defined near the bottom of vapor dispensing device 200 at the
point on housing 108 that bears the greatest loads from applied
external forces. Worst-case transverse loading point 202
corresponds to the point on vapor dispensing device 200 whereupon
application of a force F produces the greatest resultant force R
between plug 106 and the surrounding receptacle 210. Using Equation
2 above, the resultant force R is: 2 R = F L / S = F
[0020] In this case, however, the transverse loading coefficient
.eta. is greater than one because support distance d.sub.S from
plug 106 to support point 204 along outlet face 212 is designed to
be greater than the lateral distance d.sub.L from outlet face 212
to loading point 202. Correspondingly, then, force F applied at
worst-case transverse loading point 202 produces a resulting force
R with a magnitude that is less than the magnitude of force F,
thereby reducing the impact of force F on plug 106 and improving
the overall transverse loading stability of vapor dispensing device
200.
[0021] FIG. 3 is a side view of a vapor dispensing device having
more than one plug which can be inserted into an electrical
receptacle. With reference now to FIG. 3, a vapor dispensing device
300 suitably includes housing 108 coupled to two plugs 106a and
106b. Either or both of the plugs 106a-b may be an electrical
communication with one or more device outlets 206 to provide
electrical power from receptacle 210 (FIG. 2) to external devices
such as lamps, hair dryers or the like.
[0022] In the embodiment shown, the worst-case transverse loading
point remains at point 202, which is the greatest perpendicular
distance d.sub.L from the face of the outlet. Similarly, worst-case
support point 204 remains at the edge of housing 108 at a distance
furthest from plugs 106A-B and opposite worst-case transverse
loading point 202. Because two plugs 106A-B are provided, two
resultant forces R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are produced. Accordingly, the
rotational moments about point 204 are appropriately expressed
as:
R.sub.1 d.sub.S2+R.sub.2 d.sub.S1-F d.sub.L=0. (Equation 3)
[0023] Algebraically manipulating Equation 3 results in:
F=R.sub.1 d.sub.S1/d.sub.L+R.sub.2 d.sub.S2/d.sub.L=R.sub.1
.eta..sub.1+R.sub.2 .eta..sub.2 (Equation 4)
[0024] wherein .eta..sub.1=d.sub.S1/d.sub.L and
.eta..sub.2=d.sub.S2/d.sub- .L. Evaluating Equation 4 shows that
force F applied at point 202 is appropriately counterbalanced by
two resultant forces R.sub.1 and R.sub.2. In each case, the
transverse loading coefficients .eta..sub.1 and .eta..sub.2 are
designed to be greater than one such that the support distance
d.sub.S is greater than the loading distance d.sub.L for each plug
106A-B. Because R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are inversely proportional to
.eta..sub.1 and .eta..sub.2, respectively, it may be readily shown
that relatively large values for .eta..sub.1 and .eta..sub.2 result
in correspondingly smaller reactive forces R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 for
a constant value of F. Further, because unusually high values of
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can cause breakage or movement of device 300,
higher values for .eta..sub.1 and .eta..sub.2 thereby allow device
300 to produce lower reactive forces and to thereby withstand
greater forces F without breakage or movement. Accordingly, the
transverse loading stability of device 300 is improved.
[0025] FIGS. 4A-D are top, front, side and perspective views,
respectively, of another exemplary embodiment of a vapor-dispensing
device. With reference to FIGS. 4A-D, vapor dispensing device 400
suitably includes a housing 108 connecting to one or more plugs
106A-B. Housing 108 and plugs 106A-B are appropriately configured
to correspond with the front face 212 of a wall-mounted outlet
receptacle 210 (FIG. 4D) to provide device stability and electrical
power.
[0026] In the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings, housing
108 suitably includes two optional device outlets 412A-B that allow
the user to connect other appliances to plugs 106A-B to obtain
electrical power while device 400 remains in use. Each of the plugs
106A-B has two prongs 404A-B as best seen in FIG. 4A. To simplify
the discussion below, however, the reactive forces produced by each
prong 404A-B are analyzed as a combined reactive force R for the
entire plug 106. Plug 106 may conform to any electrical convention
such as the 60 Hertz, 110 Volt alternating-current standard
commonly used in North America. Alternatively, plug 106 may be
configured to operate using direct current (e.g. current supplied
by a battery) or any other electrical convention.
[0027] Fragrance is produced in device 400 by any conventional
technique and structure. In an exemplary embodiment, device 400
suitably uses electrical resistance to heat a fragrance-producing
fuel such as a perfumed fluid, wax or other substance maintained in
a reservoir within or coupled to housing 108. In a further
exemplary embodiment, device 400 suitably interfaces to an optional
replaceable fragrance cartridge (or "refill component") 406 to
replenish the supply of fuel as needed. The cartridge may be
discarded and replaced when the fuel is spent, when the user
desires an alternate fragrance or as otherwise appropriate. An
optional flat lamp, night light or other lighting feature may also
be provided within fragrance-producing device 400. The term
"housing" as used herein is intended to broadly include features
such as removable cartridges, lamps and the like that may be
coupled or otherwise attached to device 400.
[0028] Housing 108 may also include or interface with an optional
fragrance intensity slider 410. Slider 410 allows users to adjust
the intensity of fragrance produced by device 400 by moving slider
410 to a desired linear position corresponding to the rate by which
fragrance is allowed to diffuse or move into the surrounding space.
Alternate embodiments may use a rotary dial, switch or other
control in place of slider 410 to adjust the fragrance intensity,
or may eliminate fragrance intensity adjustment altogether.
[0029] FIGS. 4A-D depict two separate forces F.sub.1 and F.sub.L
impinging upon worst-case transverse loading points 202 and 414,
respectively. Worst-case loading points 202 and 414 correspond to
locations on housing 108 where the impinging forces F.sub.1 and
F.sub.L produce maximum rotational moments upon device 400.
Accordingly, the worst case loading points on device 400 are the
points furthest from the outlet face along outer ridge 432 of
device 400 as shown in FIG. 4D.
[0030] Worst case support points 204 and 416 lie along the outer
edge of housing 108 facing the electrical receptacle and opposite
plugs 106A-B, since the rotational moments produced by reactive
forces R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are maximized along edges 434 and 436
(FIG. 4D), respectively. To simplify discussion, points 204 and 416
are considered as worst case support points for forces F.sub.1 and
F.sub.L, respectively, although other points along edges 434 or 436
would produce similar results.
[0031] With continued to FIGS. 4A-D, force F.sub.1 is shown applied
to worst-case loading point 202, which is located along the upper
edge of housing 108 at a point furthest outward from the outlet
face. Force F.sub.1 is therefore applied a distance of d.sub.L
(FIGS. 4A and 4C) from the outlet face to produce a moment of
magnitude F.times.d.sub.L about worst case support point 204. Plugs
106A and 106B effectively produce reactive forces R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 at distances d.sub.S1 and d.sub.S2 from support point 204,
respectively, to generate rotational moments about point 204 equal
to R.sub.1.times.d.sub.S1 and R.sub.2.times.d.sub.S2, respectively.
Applying the analysis of equation 4 set forth above, the transverse
loading stability of device 400 is suitably improved by designing
distances d.sub.S1 and d.sub.S2 to be relatively long compared to
distance d.sub.L. Stated another way, stability is improved by
designing the maximum thickness of device 400 to be less than the
shortest distance from either plug 106A-B to any loading edge (e.g.
edges 434 and 436) of housing 108 that is in contact with outlet
face 212.
[0032] Similarly, force F.sub.L is shown applied to worst-case
loading point 414, which (like point 202) is located along the
upper edge of housing 108 at a point furthest outward from the
outlet face. Force F.sub.L is therefore applied a distance of
d.sub.L (FIGS. 4A and 4C) from the outlet face to produce a moment
of magnitude F.sub.L.times.d.sub.L about worst case support point
204, which lies along edge 436 as described above. Plugs 106A and
106B effectively produce reactive forces R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 at a
distance d.sub.SL from support point 204. In this case, R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 are produced at an equal distance from support point 204
along an axis parallel to the outlet face as best seen in FIG. 4C.
Accordingly, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 generate rotational moments about
point 204 with magnitudes equal to R.sub.1.times.d.sub.SL and
R.sub.2.times.d.sub.SL, respectively. Again applying the analysis
of equation 4 set forth above, the transverse loading stability of
device 400 is suitably improved by designing distance d.sub.SL to
be relatively long compared to distance d.sub.L.
[0033] Regardless of the type of volatizable material used, the
material delivery system may employ any form of controller to
modulate the delivery of vapor into the environment. To the extent
that the rate at which the vapor is introduced into the environment
is a function of both the temperature of the volatizable material
and the environmental convection conditions in the vicinity of the
volatizable material, any suitable control mechanism may be
employed to modulate these two factors. For example, the convection
conditions may be controlled through the use of adjustable
convection inhibitors (e.g., one or more vents) one or more
convection enhancers (e.g., fans, chimney structures, etc.), or
other structures that modify the vapor pressure in and around the
material delivery system. Similarly, the temperature of the
volatizable material and/or the temperature of the environment in
the vicinity of the material delivery system may be controlled
through any convenient method, including resistive heating
(described above), or through proximity of the device to a
preexisting heat source.
[0034] Notwithstanding the nature of receptacle 210--i.e., whether
and to what extent the receptacle is configured to supply
electrical current--the device may be passive, active, or
selectably switched between active and passive modes. The term
"passive" in this context, as applied to delivery devices, refers
to those devices which substantially depend upon ambient conditions
to deliver a fragrance or otherwise give rise to a modification of
the environment. Such ambient conditions include, for example,
ambient thermal conditions (e.g., wall surface temperature and air
temperature) and ambient air flow, (e.g., air flow resulting from
free convection as well as the movement (if any) of fans,
individuals, and other entities within the environment). The term
"active" in this context refers to devices that are not passive,
e.g., devices which employ integrated fans, heating elements, and
other such devices.
[0035] In the event that the vapor dispensing device is an active
device, any power source required by the device may be intrinsic to
receptacle 210, e.g., the 120 V source of a standard wall outlet,
or extrinsic to receptacle 210, e.g., supplied by a battery, solar
cell, or other such device incorporated into or otherwise
associated with delivery device 100. Alternatively, power may be
supplied by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic sources and/or
may be incorporated into a refill component.
[0036] Delivery device 100 suitably includes one or more removeably
attached refill components as briefly mentioned above. That is,
referring to FIGS. 5A-5C, it may be advantageous for the delivery
device to include components that are integral to housing 108 of
the delivery system itself as well as one or more refill components
406 (or simply "refills") that can be replaced by the user. In the
event delivery system 100 is an air freshener device, for example,
a depleted refill component 406 may removed from system 100 and
replaced by a new refill containing fragrant oil, wax, gel, or the
like. The refill suitably includes a refill body and a volatizable
material provided therein.
[0037] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a
refill component is provided which allows a vapor-dispensing device
to mimic an electrical receptacle. For example, a refill component
comprising a refill body having a volatizable material provided
therein may be configured to be inserted behind the front surface
of the device such that it is substantially concealed by the front
surface. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
the refill has a perimeter that is encompassed by the perimeter of
the housing.
[0038] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
refill 406 is configured such that it does not significantly
obstruct the receptacle's outlet pattern (comprising, for example,
two outlets 412A and 412B). In one embodiment, for example, this is
accomplished by providing a refill component 406 that at least
partially surrounds one or more outlets on the receptacle
(variously shown in FIGS. 5A-5C). In the event that the delivery
device is used in connection with a standard electrical receptacle,
it is desirable for refill 406 to encompass two or more sides of
the outlet pattern (FIG. 5A). To the extent that it is advantageous
to supply the greatest possible volume of volatizable material, the
refill may be configured as a rectangular ring that completely
surrounds the outlet pattern (FIG. 5B). Alternatively, the refill
may be configured in a `U` shape to allow refill 406 to be
slideably removed from the device (FIG. 5C).
[0039] For the sake of brevity, conventional electrical and
mechanical design techniques used in developing various
vapor-dispensing devices (and the various components thereof) are
not described in detail herein. Accordingly, devices disclosed
herein may be readily modified to create equivalent embodiments
through application of general electrical and mechanical
principles. Although the embodiments described herein show vapor
dispensing devices that are generally quadrilateral in shape, for
example, other design styles could be formulated. Vapor dispensing
devices could be readily formulated with angular, round, oval or
other shapes, for example, as well as with combinations of multiple
shapes and structures. In a further embodiment, the vapor
dispensing device may be adorned with an ornamental design such as
a floral design, an outdoor scene, a cartoon or movie character, or
the like. Moreover, the general concepts of improving transverse
loading stability described herein may be applied to other
electrical devices such as air filters, nightlights, audio
speakers, wireless control devices, timers and the like.
[0040] The particular implementations shown and described herein
are examples of the invention and are not intended to otherwise
limit the scope of the invention in any way. The connecting lines
shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to
represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical
couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that
many alternative or additional functional relationships, physical
connections or logical connections may be present in a practical
vapor-dispensing device. The corresponding structures, materials,
acts and equivalents of all elements in the claims below are
intended to include any structure, material or acts for performing
the functions in combination with other claimed elements as
specifically claimed. The scope of the invention should be
determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents,
rather than by the examples given above. No item or component is
essential to the practice of the invention unless the element is
specifically described herein as "critical", "essential" or
"required".
* * * * *