U.S. patent application number 10/876176 was filed with the patent office on 2005-03-10 for liquid fabric softening compositions comprising flame retardant.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Brown, Donald Ray, Brown, Jodi Lee, Frankenbach, Gayle Marie, Jordan, Glenn Thomas IV, Santamarina, Vicente, Sivik, Mark Robert, Tee, Johannson Jimmy JR., Thoen, Christiaan Arthur Jacques Kamiel, Wahl, Errol Hoffman, Ward, Alice Marie.
Application Number | 20050054553 10/876176 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34228435 |
Filed Date | 2005-03-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050054553 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Frankenbach, Gayle Marie ;
et al. |
March 10, 2005 |
Liquid fabric softening compositions comprising flame retardant
Abstract
Liquid fabric softening compositions comprise a flame retardant.
The liquid fabric softening compositions preferably further
comprise a fabric softening active. In another embodiment of the
invention, the present compositions comprise a flame retardant,
wherein the flame retardant is a phosphorus-containing fabric
softener. In another embodiment of the invention, the present
compositions comprise no greater than about 21%, by weight of the
composition, of a fabric softener active and at least about 0.5%,
by weight of the composition, of a silicone material. The present
compositions can be used to treat all types of fabrics to provide
improved fabric softening and freshness, while minimizing the risk
of flammability associated with cotton-containing fluffier fabrics,
such as fleece and terry cloth, when treated with liquid fabric
softening compositions.
Inventors: |
Frankenbach, Gayle Marie;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; Brown, Donald Ray; (Middletown,
OH) ; Tee, Johannson Jimmy JR.; (West Chester,
OH) ; Jordan, Glenn Thomas IV; (Indian Springs,
OH) ; Wahl, Errol Hoffman; (Cincinnati, OH) ;
Sivik, Mark Robert; (Mason, OH) ; Ward, Alice
Marie; (Middletown, OH) ; Brown, Jodi Lee;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; Santamarina, Vicente;
(Loveland, OH) ; Thoen, Christiaan Arthur Jacques
Kamiel; (West Chester, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL TECHNICAL CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company
|
Family ID: |
34228435 |
Appl. No.: |
10/876176 |
Filed: |
June 24, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60482976 |
Jun 27, 2003 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/515 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06M 2200/50 20130101;
D06M 11/72 20130101; D06M 13/292 20130101; D06M 13/463 20130101;
D06M 13/288 20130101; D06M 2200/30 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/515 |
International
Class: |
D06L 001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid fabric softening composition comprising an effective
amount to reduce the risk of flammability of fluffier fabrics when
treated with liquid fabric softening composition of a flame
retardant.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said flame retardant is
chosen from a phosphorus-containing compound, nitrogen compound,
halogenated organic compound, and inorganic compound.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said flame retardant is a
phosphorus-containing compound chosen from a phosphoric acid,
phosphate salt, phosphate ester, phosphate amide, phosphorus acid,
phosphite salt, phosphite salt derivative, phosphonic acid,
phosphonate salt, phosphonate ester, phosphonate amide, phosphorus
compound containing a nitrogen moiety, phosphorus compound
containing a carboxylic acid, phosphorus compound containing a
carboxylic ester, phosphonium salt, polyethylene amine polymer
comprising a phosphorus substituent, and cationic starch comprising
a phosphorus substituent.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein said flame retardant is a
sodium tripolyphosphate.
5. The composition of claim 3 wherein said flame retardant
comprises the following structure: 26
6. The composition of claim 2 wherein said flame retardant is a
nitrogen compound.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said flame retardant is a
melamine or a melamine derivative.
8. The composition of claim 2 wherein said flame retardant is a
halogenated organic compound.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said flame retardant is a
brominated organic compound or a chlorinated organic compound.
10. The composition of claim 2 wherein said flame retardant is an
inorganic compound.
11. The composition of claim 10 wherein said flame retardant is
chosen from a perborate, barium metaborate, and
ammoniumfluoroborate.
12. The composition of claim 10 wherein said flame retardant is
chosen from an antimony oxide, antimony pentaoxide, metal
antimonate, aluminum oxide, alumina trihydrate, compound that
comprises both an alumina and a phosphorus, molybdic oxide,
ammonium octamolybdate, zinc molybdate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc
stannate, zinc hydroxy stannate, and ammonium sulfamate.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said flame retardant is a
diethyl bis(hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein said flame retardant is a
cationic phosphorylated starch.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said flame retardant is a
phosphorus-containing fabric softener chosen from
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethy- l)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride, N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethy- l)-N-methyl-N-2 phosphorylethyl
methyl sulfate, N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride,
N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
methyl sulfate, linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate,
cocamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, steramidopropyl
PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium
chloride phosphate, diethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride, diethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl
sulfate, diethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride, diethyl
N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphory- lethyl ammonium
methyl sulfate, diethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-
-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate ammonium chloride, diethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl- )-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate methyl
sulfate, diethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate ammonium chloride,
diethyl N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate
ammonium methyl sulfate, diethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-methylphosphonate ammonium
chloride, diethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-methylpho-
sphonate methyl sulfate, diethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-methyl- phosphonate ammonium chloride,
diethyl N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-methylphosphonate
ammonium methyl sulfate, disodium
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride, disodium
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl
sulfate, disodium N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride, and
disodium N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phos- phorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein said composition is free of
a fabric softening active.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition further
comprises a fabric softening active.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein said composition further
comprises a silicone.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition further
comprises from about 0.001% to about 10%, by weight of said
composition, of a perfume.
20. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition further
comprises from about 0.001% to about 10%, by weight of said
composition, of an electrolyte.
21. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition comprises
from about 0.001% to about 60%, by weight of said composition, of
said flame retardant.
22. The composition of claim 21 wherein said composition further
comprises a fabric softening active.
23. The composition of claim 22 wherein said composition comprises
from about 2% to about 90%, by weight of said composition, of said
fabric softening active.
24. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition further
comprises a silicone.
25. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition comprises
from about 0.5% to about 10%, by weight of said composition, of
said silicone.
26. A method of softening a fabric comprising the step of
contacting said fabric with a composition according to claim 1.
27. A method of minimizing a risk of flammability of
cotton-containing fluffier fabrics comprising the step of
contacting said fabric with a composition according to claim 1.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of the filing date of
provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/482,976, filed Jun. 27,
2003, incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to fabric care compositions
comprising a flame retardant. The present compositions are
preferably used to treat fabrics to provide fabric softening while
minimizing the risk of flammability of certain cotton-containing
fluffier fabrics when treated with liquid fabric softening
compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Liquid fabric softening compositions are generally used
during the rinse cycle of a typical laundry process to provide
improved softness and freshness to the fabrics being laundered.
[0004] Some cotton-containing fluffier fabrics, such as fleece and
terry cloth, tend to be more flammable than other types of fabrics.
By increasing the fluffiness of these types of fabrics, the use of
liquid fabric softening compositions on these types of fabrics may
potentially increase the flammability of these types of
fabrics.
[0005] There is thus a need to develop an improved liquid fabric
softening composition that provides fabric softening and freshness,
while minimizing the risk of flammability of certain
cotton-containing fluffier fabrics when treated with liquid fabric
softening compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention relates to liquid fabric softening
compositions comprising a fabric softening active and a flame
retardant. Preferred flame retardants for incorporation in the
present compositions include phosphorus containing materials,
phosphorus containing materials also comprising an amine moiety or
a carboxylate moiety, phosphorus containing materials capable of
dual functionality as fabric softening components, cationic starch
comprising a phosphorus moiety, or mixtures thereof. In a first
embodiment of the present invention, the compositions typically
comprise flame retardant at a level of from about 0.001% to about
60%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 40%, and more preferably
from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition. In a
second embodiment of the invention, the present compositions
comprise no greater than about 21%, by weight of the composition,
of a fabric softener active and at least about 0.5%, by weight of
the composition, of a silicone material. In a third embodiment of
the invention, the present compositions comprise a flame retardant,
wherein the flame retardant is a phosphorus-containing fabric
softener. The present compositions can be used to treat all types
of fabrics to provide improved fabric softening and freshness,
while minimizing the risk of flammability associated with
cotton-containing fluffier fabrics, such as fleece and terry cloth,
when treated with liquid fabric softening compositions.
[0007] All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated
herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be
construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the
present invention.
[0008] It should be understood that every maximum numerical
limitation given throughout this specification will include every
lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations
were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation
given throughout this specification will include every higher
numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were
expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout
this specification will include every narrower numerical range that
falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower
numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
[0009] All parts, ratios, and percentages herein, in the
specification, examples, and claims, are by weight and all
numerical limits are used with the normal degree of accuracy
afforded by the art, unless otherwise specified.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] Flame Retardants
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the present
liquid fabric softening compositions comprise a flame retardant
typically at a level of from about 0.001% to about 60%, preferably
from about 0.01% to about 40%, and more preferably from about 0.1%
to about 10%, by weight of the composition. The flame retardant is
present at an effective level to reduce the burn time of fluffier
fabric. Flame retardants can be available as solids, liquids,
solutions, emulsions, dispersions, slurries, or any form that can
be formulated into the fabric softener composition.
[0012] Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
[0013] A variety of phosphorus-containing compounds are suitable as
a flame retardant in the present compositions. General classes of
phosphorus-containing compounds suitable as a flame retardant
herein include, but are not limited to, classes and types of
materials as well as individual materials disclosed in the
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4.sup.th Edition
Vol. 10 in the subsection "Phosphorus Flame Retardants" under the
chapter heading "Flame Retardants" and in Vol. 10 in the chapter
titled "Flame Retardants for Textiles" and also in the Handbook of
fiber Science and Technology: Vol. II Chemical Processing of Fibers
and Fabrics Functional Finishes Part B, Eds. M. Lewin and S. B.
Sello, "Chapter 1 Flame Retardance of Fabrics" Industrial Solvents
Handbook 4.sup.th Ed. Ed. By E. Flick, Noyes Data Corp., Park
Ridge, N.J. 1991, Section 15.
[0014] Phosphorus-containing compounds are typically most effective
when the deposition of the phosphorus-containing compound onto
fabric results in the presence of at least about 0.001 milligram
("mg") of phosphorus per gram of treated fabric, preferably at
least about 0.005 mg of phosphorus per gram of treated fabric, more
preferably at least about 0.02 mg of phosphorus per gram of treated
fabric, even more preferably at least about 0.1 mg of phosphorus
per gram of treated fabric, still more preferably at least about
0.5 mg of phosphorus per gram of treated fabric, and even still
more preferably at least about 1 mg of phosphorus per gram of
treated fabric. When formulating phosphorus-containing compounds in
a liquid fabric softening composition comprising fabric softening
actives, such as di-tail quaternary ammonium actives, it is
preferred that the phosphorus-containing compounds are neutral or
have a positive charge. Compounds with a high weight percent of
phosphorus are typically preferred. Typically, the
phosphorus-containing compounds herein will comprise at least about
0.1%, preferably at least about 1%, more preferably at least about
5%, even more preferably at least about 8%, and still more
preferably at least about 10% of phosphorus, by weight of the
phosphorus-containing compound. Preferably, the
phosphorus-containing compounds, especially salts, decompose at a
temperature of less than 600.degree. C. To prevent the formation of
salts with high decomposition temperatures, it can be useful and
preferred in some applications to functionalize the oxygens or
nitrogens bonded to phosphorus with a covalently bonded group that
will not exchange with salt to prevent formation of salts with high
decomposition temperatures.
[0015] Phosphorus-containing compounds suitable herein include
phosphoric acid, phosphate salts, phosphate esters, phosphate
amides, phosphorus acid, phosphite salts, phosphite salt
derivatives, phosphonic acid, phosphonate salts, phosphonate
esters, phosphonate amides, phosphorus compounds containing
nitrogen moieties, phosphorus compounds containing carboxylic
acids, phosphorus compounds containing carboxylic esters,
phosphonium salts, polyethylene amine polymers comprising
phosphorus substituents, cationic starch comprising a phosphorus
substituent, or mixtures thereof.
[0016] Acids of Phosphorus and Their Salts and Derivatives
Phosphoric Acid and the Phosphate Salts, Esters and Amides
[0017] Phosphorus acids and phosphates have three general
structures disclosed below: 1
[0018] wherein each A is independently an oxygen atom or a nitrogen
atom, preferably an oxygen atom; and each R is independently
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, positively charged
metal counterions, moieties comprising amines, moieties comprising
ammonium ions, and moieties comprising hydrocarbons. Positively
charged metal counterions are selected from the group consisting of
metal ions in groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, VIII, IB,
and IIB; especially preferred are Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, and Al.sup.3+,
and tin ions, and less preferred but acceptable are Ca.sup.2+ and
Mg.sup.2+ ions. The above mentioned moieties comprising amines or
ammonium ions include, but are not limited to, the following
structure:
N(R').sub.4.sup.+
[0019] wherein each R' is independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons comprised entirely of carbon
and hydrogen, and hydrocarbons comprising moieties with atoms more
electronegative than carbon, preferably oxygen, nitrogen, halogens,
especially chlorine and bromine, sulfur, phosphorus, and
combinations of electronegative atoms and wherein the hydrocarbon
comprises one to about 30 carbons. The hydrocarbons can be linear,
branched, saturated, unsaturated, cyclic, aromatic, or combinations
of these structural configurations; it is acceptable for moieties
comprising electronegative atoms to interrupt the hydrocabon. It is
acceptable for N(R') to have more than one point of connectivity to
a phosphorus moiety or to connect more than one phosphorus
moiety.
[0020] Hydrocarbons suitable for R comprise from about 1 to about
150 carbon atoms, preferably less than about 100 carbon atoms, and
more preferably less than about 50 carbon atoms. It is acceptable
for the R group to link to a phosphate with more than one binding
site or bond and it is also acceptable for the R group to link
together more than one phosphate with multiple binding sites or
bonds. It is acceptable for the phosphate-containing compounds to
be single molecules, oligomers, or polymers. Additionally, the R
group can be neutral or have positive and/or negative charges.
[0021] Nonlimiting examples of phophorus salts and acids acceptable
for the present invention include orthophosphoric acid,
pyrophosphoric acid, sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate,
and sodium tripolyphosphate ("STPP").
[0022] Other nonlimiting examples include compounds comprising an
ammonium ion as well as well as compounds comprising polyammonium
ions and/or those compounds that have more than one connection to a
phosphorus moiety or moieties, such as melamine orthophosphate,
pentaerythritol phosphate bis melaminium salt or guanidine
tripolyphosphates, as described in JP 52085599 and JP 60259676, and
dibromoneopentyl phosphate melamine salt as described in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,373,103. Nonlimiting commercially-available compounds include
Antiblaze.RTM. TR, Antiblaze.RTM. CL available from Rhodia,
Melapur.RTM. pyrophosphate, Melapur.RTM. orthophosphate available
from DSM, melamine pyrophosphate and melamine orthophosphate from
Hummel Cronton, Inc.
[0023] Nonlimiting examples of the present invention include
phosphate and phosphoamide compounds described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,678,086; U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,002; U.S. Pat. No. 4,336,385; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,209,449; U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,064; U.S. Pat. No.
3,686,368; U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,402; U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,348; and
U.S. Application No. 2003/0003358 A1; melamine-phosphate salts
derivatized with halogenated organic groups as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,373,103; amine salts of phosphates as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,114,421; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,539,141; and reaction
products as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,156. Nonlimiting
commercially-available compounds include Phosflex.RTM. 4,
Phosflex.RTM. 21L, Phosflex.RTM. 21P, Phosflex.RTM. 31L,
Phosflex.RTM. 31P, Phosflex.RTM. 41L, Phosflex.RTM. 41P,
Phosflex.RTM. 61B, Phosflex.RTM. 71B Phosflex.RTM. 72B,
Phosflex.RTM. 362, Phosflex.RTM. 370, Phosflex.RTM.390,
Phosflex.RTM. HF, Phosflex.RTM. Lindol, Phosflex.RTM. Lindol XP
Plus, Phosflex.RTM. T-BEP, Phosflex.RTM. TPP, and the blends
Phosflex.RTM. 314, Phosflex.RTM. 321, Phosflex.RTM. 327
Phosphoflex.RTM. 72B, Fyrol FR-2, and the like available from Akzo
Nobel Phosphorus Chemicals; Emphos.RTM. CS 1361 from Eastech
Chemical, Inc., Arlasilk.RTM. Phospholipid PTC, Arlasilk.RTM.
Phospholipid PTS, Arlasilk.RTM. Phospholipid EFA, Arlatone.RTM. MAP
230T-60 from Uniqema, lecithin compounds produced by Archer Daniels
Midland, Degussa, Monsanto and other suppliers as well as compounds
fitting the structure descriptions of phosphatidylcholines,
phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols.
[0024] Further nonlimiting examples of phosphate-containing
compounds herein further include polymers disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,274,101. Some non-limiting commercially-available compounds
of phosphates combined with R groups to form oligomeric or
polymeric materials are Pluracol.RTM. 684 from BASF and Exolit.RTM.
413 from Hoeschst-Celanese, a material that contains a halogen as
well as phosphorus. Fyroflex.RTM. BDP and Fyrol.RTM. 51, which is a
phosphorus-rich oligomer made by reaction of phosphorus containing
compounds with ethylene oxide, both available from Akzo Nobel.
Other phosphorus-containing polymers made by reaction of an
alkylene oxide, especially polypropylene oxide, with phosphoric or
polyphosphoric acid are described in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia
of Chemical Technology 4.sup.th Edition Vol. 10 in the subsection
"Phosphorus Flame Retardants" under the chapter heading "Flame
Retardants".
Phosphorus Acid and the Phosphite Salts and Derivatives
[0025] Phosphorus acid and the phosphite salts and derivatives have
the general structure below: 2
[0026] wherein A and R have the same meanings as defined in the
previous description of phosphoric acid and the phosphate salts
herein above. It is acceptable for the R group to bind or bond to a
phosphite at more than one site or for the R group to connect
several phosphite groups. It is acceptable for phosphorus
acid/phosphite flame retardants of the present invention to be
single molecules, oligomers, or polymers. Some non-limiting
commercially-available compounds include Doverphos.RTM. 4,
Doverphos.RTM. HiPure 4, Doverphos.RTM. 8, Doverphos.RTM. 10,
Doverphos.RTM. 53, Doverphos.RTM. 613, Doverphos.RTM. 675,
Doverphos.RTM. S480, all available from Dover Chemical Corporation.
Doverphos.RTM. S-9228, Doverphos.RTM. S-680, and Doverphos.RTM.
1220, are examples of compounds having an R group that bonds to
more than one phosphite group.
Phosphonic Acid and the Phosphonate Salts, Esters, and Amides
[0027] Phosphonic acid and phosphonate salts and esters have the
following general structure: 3
[0028] wherein A and R have the same meanings as defined in the
previous description of phosphoric acid and the phosphate salts
herein; each R', R", and R'" are independently either hydrogen or R
as defined in the previous description of phosphoric acid and the
phosphate salts herein above. It is acceptable for R, R', R", and
R'" to bind or bond to a phosphonate at more than one site or for
such groups to connect several phosphonate groups. Nonlimiting
examples of acceptable compounds include diethylene triamine
pentamethyl phosphonic acid, phosphomaleate, and compounds
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,602; U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,771; U.S.
Pat. No. 3,812,218; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,821,263. Some
commercially-available compounds include Dequest.RTM. 7000 and
Dequest.RTM. 2066S from Solutia, Bayhibit.RTM. AM available from
Bayer, and Ecco Flameproof CPE available from Eastern Color &
Chemical Co and Fyrol.RTM. 6 available from Akzo Nobel Phosphorus
Chemicals.
[0029] Other compounds acceptable for use as flame retardants
herein are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,309,565.
[0030] It is acceptable for the present invention for compounds to
comprise mixtures of the different types of phosphorus acids and
their salts and derivatives, e.g. a compound could contain both a
phosphate and a phosphite moiety.
[0031] Some non-limiting examples of flame retardants based on
phosphorus acids and salts and their esters and amides that are
preferred include phosphorus compounds containing nitrogen moieties
and polymers containing phosphorus.
[0032] Phosphorus Compounds Containing Nitrogen Moieties
[0033] Some preferred types of phosphorus-containing compounds
include those comprising nitrogen moieties. Nitrogen, especially
amines and amides, are surprisingly found to enhance the flame
retardancy affects of phosphorus-containing compounds. When
phosphorus-containing compounds comprise quaternary ammonium
compounds or amines that can be protonated, the deposition of the
phosphorus-containing compound onto fabrics during the rinse cycle
of a laundry washing process is improved.
[0034] It can also be preferred to use phosphorus-containing
compounds structurally similar to current fabric softening actives
to enhance deposition of the phosphorus. Most fabric softening
actives, as described herein, can be functionalized with a
phosphorus ester or amide to improve deposition of the phosphorus
moiety and improve the flame retardancy of the present
compositions. Phosphorus esters and amides are also useful as
divalent linking moieties between fatty acids and fabric softener
head groups. Most fabric softening actives, such as quaternary
ammonium compounds, can be substituted with phosphorus and provide
a degree of flame retardancy either in a single-cycle or
multi-cycle use. Phosphorus-containing compounds that act as fabric
softener actives ("phosphorus-containing fabric softener material")
can be used to replace the non-phosphorus fabric softening actives,
in part or in whole. Therefore, when such phosphorus-containing
fabric softener materials are utilized as a flame retardant in the
present compositions, a fabric softening active is an optional, not
essential, component of the composition. Examples of
phosphorus-containing fabric softener materials suitable as flame
retardants herein are described below, as Structures 6 and 7.
Structure 6 N(R.sup.1).sub.x
[0035] Structure 6 is an amine or quaternary ammonium compound
wherein x is 3 or 4. R.sup.1 is hydrogen; a hydrocarbon with less
than about 30 carbons optionally comprising atoms more
electronegative than carbon including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
phosphorus, halogens, such as bromine or chlorine, or combinations
thereof; --R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2;
R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2;
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.-
3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2;
--R.sup.2P(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2; or --R.sup.2-AP(AR.sup.3); wherein A
has the same meaning as above, each R.sup.2 multivalent linking
group is independently is selected from an alkyl or alkyl hydroxy
group having four carbons or less, and each R.sup.3 is selected
from hydrogen or a hydrocabon having less than 30 atoms, with
preferred groups including CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, alkyl,
alkylene oxide or alkyl hydroxy groups with less than 8 carbons, or
hydrocabon groups derived from fatty acids, including but not
limited to tallow, hardened tallow, stearic, canola, or oleic. At
least one R.sup.1 must be selected from the group consisting of
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3).- sub.2,
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2,
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2,
--R.sup.2P(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2, and --R.sup.2-AP(AR.sup.3). When x
is 4, the nitrogen has a positive charge and the positive charge is
counterbalance by an anionic counterion or by the phosphate,
phosphite or phosphonate group.
[0036] Some non-limiting preferred structures fitting the criteria
of Structure 6 above are: 4567
[0037] In the structures above, each R.sub.4 is chosen from
hydrocarbon groups derived from fatty acids. Acceptable fatty acids
can be linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. Some
non-limiting preferred fatty acids include hardened tallow,
stearic, canola, or oleic. Each R.sub.4 can be the same or
different. Compounds that provide effective softening can be used
as partial or 100% replacement for the fabric softener actives
described herein below. X is a univalent or multi-valent anion
present in the correct amount necessary to balance the cationic
charge.
Structure 7 (R.sup.1).sub.xN--R.sup.5--N(R.sup.1).sub.y
[0038] Structure 7 comprises two nitrogen moieties that can be
neutral or protonated. The value of x+y is from 4 to 6. R.sup.5 is
a divalent linking group having 1 to about 8 carbons and selected
from alkyl, alkylene, alkylhydroxy, or alkylene oxide. Each R.sup.1
is the same or different and has the same meaning as in Structure 6
above. At least one R.sup.1 must be selected from the group
consisting of --R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2,
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.su- p.3).sub.2,
--R.sup.2-A-P(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3)--OP(O)(AR.sup.3).s-
ub.2, --R.sup.2P(O)(AR.sup.3).sub.2, or --R.sup.2-AP(AR.sup.3)
where A, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the same meaning as described
herein above for Structure 6. When x+y is 5, Structure 7 has a
positive charge. When x+y is 6, Structure 7 has two positive
charges and the compound is counterbalanced by the appropriate
counterion(s) or by the phosphate, phosphonate or phosphite
groups.
[0039] Some non-limiting examples of structures fitting the
criteria for Structure 7 above include: 8
[0040] Additional non-limiting examples of compounds comprising
phosphorus and amine include: 9
[0041] wherein R.sub.4 and X have the same meaning as for Structure
6 herein above.
[0042] Polymers Containing Phosphorus
[0043] Phosphorus containing polymers useful for the present
invention include the polymeric reaction products of alkylene
amines or alkylene imines and phosphorus moieties, such as
--((CH.sub.2).sub.xCH(NH.sub.2)).- sub.y-- or
--((CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.2NH).sub.y--, wherein x is zero or
greater than zero and y is greater than 1. Nonlimiting examples
include the reaction products of an alkylene imine or alkylene
amine, such as ethylene imine or ethylene amine, with phosphoric
acid, PCl.sub.3, PCOCl.sub.3, or PCl(O)(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2, or
the reaction of already polymerized alkylene amines or imines, such
as the reaction of polyethylene imine with phosphoric acid,
PCl.sub.3, PCOCl.sub.3, or PCl(O)(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2. Also
included are reactions of alkoxylated polyethylene imines with
phosphoric acid, PCl.sub.3, PCOCl.sub.3, or
PCl(O)(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2. Examples include: 10
[0044] wherein x=1-30 and Y is H, P(O)(OH).sub.2,
P(O)(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, or P(O)(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2.
[0045] Also included are phosphorus-containing alkoxylated
polyammonium salts, such as, 11
[0046] wherein x=1-30, Y is H, P(O)(OH).sub.2,
P(O)(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, or P(O)(OC.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2, and M is a
suitable counter ion such as Cl, Br, or CH.sub.3SO.sub.4.
[0047] Phosphorus compounds containing carboxylic acids and esters
can also be utilized in the present compositions as a flame
retardant. Such compounds include:
[0048] a) homopolymers of ethylenically-.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
dicarboxylates having the formula: 12
[0049] wherein each R is independently selected from H, OH, OM, or
a unit having the formula: 13
[0050] where X is independently selected from H, OH, or OSO.sub.3M;
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are independently selected from H,
CH.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl, CO.sub.2M, or
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCO.sub.2M, wherein n is from 1 to about 4; M is H
or a salt-forming cation; the indices x, y, and z are each
independently .gtoreq.0, preferably from 0 to about 4; x+y+z is
.gtoreq.1; Q is H, OH, or OM, but not H when both x and z are
greater than or equal to 1.
[0051] b) copolymers of ethylenically-.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
dicarboxylates having the formula: 14
[0052] wherein each R is independently H, OH, OM, or a unit having
the formula: 15
[0053] wherein X is independently selected from H, OH, or
OSO.sub.3M; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are independently selected
from H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl, CO.sub.2M, or
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCO.sub.2M, wherein n is from 1 to about 4; M is H
or a salt-forming cation; the indices x, y, and z are each
independently .gtoreq.0, preferably from 0 to about 4; x+y+z is
>1; Q is H, OH, or OM, but not H when both x and z are greater
than or equal to 1.
[0054] c) copolymers of ethylenically-.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
dicarboxylates polymerized with vinyl-containing monomers, wherein
the copolymers have the formula: 16
[0055] wherein each R is independently H, OH, OM, or a unit having
the formula: 17
[0056] wherein X is independently selected from H, OH, or
OSO.sub.3M; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are independently selected
from H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl, CO.sub.2M, or
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCO.sub.2M, where n is from 1 to about 4; R.sub.4,
R.sub.5, R.sub.6 are independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl,
alkenyl, carboxy or alkylcarboxy, esters, functionalized esters,
anhydride, amide, cyano, urea, alcohol, ether, acetal, phosphino,
phosphono, sulfonate, sulfonamide, heterocycles (such as imidazole,
thiol, thioester), or mixtures thereof; the indices x, y, and z are
each independently .gtoreq.0, preferably from 0 to about 4; x+y+z
is .gtoreq.1; Q is H, OH, or OM, but not H when both x and z are
greater than or equal to 1.
[0057] Structures of other suitable phosphorus-containing polymers
are disclosed in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering
2.sup.nd Ed., Vol. 11, Pages 96-126, in the chapter titled
"Phosphorus Containing Polymer" by E. D. Weil.
[0058] Suitable additional phosphorus-containing polymers include
phosphonium salts as shown in Structure 8 below: 18
[0059] wherein A and R have the same meanings as defined in the
previous description of phosphoric acid and the phosphate salts
herein. Acceptable compounds are disclosed in the Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4.sup.th Edition Vol. 18 in the
chapter titled "Phosphine and It's Derivatives" and the Handbook of
fiber Science and Technology: Vol. II Chemical Processing of Fibers
and Fabrics Functional Finishes Part B, Eds. M. Lewin.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium (THP) salts are typical, but
non-limiting examples of Structure 8. THP salts tend to react with
other compounds containing active hydrogens (e.g. compounds
comprising N-methylol, phenols, polybasic acid, and amines) to form
insoluble polymers. Precondensate of THP salts with compounds
containing active hydrogen like urea, melamine, and methylolated
melamine are also useful for the present invention. Non-limiting
examples of THP compounds useful as flame retardants in the present
invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,429 and U.S. Pat.
No. 3,888,779. Some non-limiting commercially-available materials
are Pyroset.RTM. TPO, Pyroset.RTM. TKOW, Pyroset.RTM. TPC and
Pyroset.RTM. TKC available from Cytec Industries, Inc, Proban
chemistry from Rhodia, Provatex type chemistry from Ciba-Geigy.
[0060] Starch Comprising a Phosphorus-Containing Substituent
[0061] Cationic starch comprising a phosphorus-containing
substituent can be utilized in the present compositions as a flame
retardant. Cationic starches, such as those described in detail in
copending U.S. Application No. 60/457,448 (P&G Case 9178P), can
be substituted with a phosphorus containing substituent, typically
an ester or amide of ortho-, pyro-, or tripolyphosphate. In the
case of cationic phosphorylated starch, the preferred cationic
starches herein will have a degree of substitution of cationic
substitution plus phosphorus substitution of from about 0.01 to
about 3, with the degree of cationic substitution ranging typically
from about 0.01 to about 2.5, preferably from about 0.01 to about
1.5, and more preferably from about 0.025 to about 0.5. When the
cationic starch used herein is cationic maize starch, the cationic
starch preferably has a degree of substitution of from about 0.04
to about 0.1.
[0062] The cationic starch with a phosphorus substituent in present
invention can be incorporated into the composition in the form of
intact starch granules, partially gelatinized starch,
pregelatinized starch, cold water swelling starch, hydrolyzed
starch (acid, enzyme, alkaline degradation), or oxidized starch
(peroxide, peracid, alkaline, or any other oxidizing agent). Fully
gelatinized starches can also be used, but at lower levels to
prevent fabric stiffness and limit viscosity increases.
[0063] Non-limiting examples of the types of cationic starches with
a phosphorus containing substituent that are useful for the present
invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,336.
[0064] Nonionic and ionic versions of phosphorylated starch are
acceptable, but less preferred for the present fabric softening
compositions disclosed herein. Such starches can be equivalent in
structure to those disclosed above except these lack the cationic
charges. Some non-limiting examples of such compounds are given in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,918 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,474.
[0065] Polymers which contain saccharides or polysaccharide units
as graft co-polymers, block polymers, or pendant polymers that are
then modified with a phosphate-containing substituent as in WO
02/070574 are also acceptable as flame retardants for the present
invention.
[0066] Nitrogen Compounds
[0067] Compounds containing only nitrogen functionality typically
act independently to provide a flame retardancy effect. Melamine
and its derivatives are exceptional nitrogen compounds that are
surprisingly acceptable flame retardants for use in the present
compositions. Melamine salts of phosphorus acids disclosed above
are also acceptable flame retardants for use in the present
compositions. Melamine and some non-limiting examples of melamine
derivatives acceptable as flame retardants for the present
invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,197,373. Non-limiting
commercially-available examples include Melapur.RTM.200 and
Melapur.RTM. P46.
[0068] Halogenated Organic Compounds
[0069] Although organic compounds comprising fluorine, bromine,
chlorine and iodine are acceptable flame retardants herein,
brominated and chlorinated organic compounds are preferred because
these halogenated organic compounds are the most effective for the
lowest cost. A variety of halogenated flame retardants are
described in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
4.sup.th Edition Vol. 10; Polymer Handbook, 2.sup.nd Ed. John Wiley
Sons, Inc., New York, 1975; International Plastics Handbook, Hanser
Publishers, Munich, Germany, 1990, Flame Retardant Polymeric
Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1975, Bromine Compounds
Chemistry and Applications, Eds. D. Price, B. Iddon, B. J.
Wakefield, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1988 and the
Handbook of fiber Science and Technology: Vol. II Chemical
Processing of Fibers and Fabrics Functional Finishes Part B, Eds.
M. Lewin and S. B. Sello, "Chapter 1 Flame Retardance of
Fabrics".
[0070] Suitable halogenated organic compounds suitable as flame
retardants herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,283; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,565,538; U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,839; U.S. Pat. No.
5,438,096; U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,306; U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,636; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,100,986; U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,752; U.S. Pat. No.
5,041,484.
[0071] Some non-limiting commercially-available examples of
acceptable halogenated organic flame retardants of the present
invention include Doversperse.RTM. A-1, Doversperse.RTM. 3,
Chlorez.RTM. 700, 700-S, 725-S, 760, 700-DD, 700-DF, and 700-SS,
Paroil 10, 152, 50, 142-A, 140, 170T, 170 HV, Doverguard.RTM.
8207-A, all available from Dover Chemical Corporation. Other
examples are commercially-available from Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
under the trade names DBS.TM., PDBS-80.TM., FIREMASTER.RTM. PBS-64,
FIREMASTER.RTM. CP-44B, GPP-36.TM., PHT4.RTM., PHT4-Diol.TM.,
PHT4-Diol/70.TM., DP-45.TM., BA-59P.TM., DE-83R.TM., BC-52.TM.,
BC-52HP.TM., FF-680.TM..
[0072] Carboxylate, Polycarboxylate, Carbonate, and Polycarbonate
Flame Retardant Agents
[0073] Compounds with one or more carboxylate or with groups and
optionally nitrogen functionality and free of phosphorus are useful
to enhance the activity of the flame retardants. Polycarboxylate
compounds free of phosphorus that are acceptable are disclosed in
copending U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/267,244, 10/267,301, and
10/267,294, published as WO 03/33812, WO 03/33806, and WO 03/33811,
respectively. Other polycarboxylate compounds free of phosphorus
that are acceptable and some non-limiting examples are disclosed in
WO 00/29662; U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,598; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,598.
Additional polycarboxylate compounds and especially polycarboxylate
compounds comprising nitrogen and free of phosphorus are disclosed
in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4.sup.th Edition
Vol. 5 in the chapters titled "Chelanting Agents" and "Carboxylic
Acids" and also in Vol. 8 in the chapters titled "Dispersants" and
"Dicarboxylic Acids", as well as acrylate structures and polymers
based on mono-acrylate structures disclosed in Vol. 15 in the
chapter titled "Latex Technology". Non-limiting examples include
citric acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), maleic
acid, oxydisuccinic acid, succinic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid (EDTA), N-dihydroxyethylglycine, tartaric acid,
5-sulfosalicylic acid, hydroxyehtylethylenediaminetriacetic acid
(HEDTA), and (DTPA). Both the acid and salt forms of carboxylates
are acceptable for the present invention, provided the salt form
has a decomposition temperature less than about 600.degree. C.
Carbonate and polycarbonate materials acceptable for the present
invention are disclosed in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology 4.sup.th Edition in Vol. 5 in the chapter title
"Carbonic and Carbonochloridic Esters", in Vol. 10 in the chapter
titled "Flame Retardants", and in Vol. 19 in the chapter titled
"Polycarbonates". Both organic carbonates (e.g. propyl carbonate)
and metal salts of carbonates (e.g. magnesium, carbonate) are
acceptable for use in the present invention. Some non-limiting
examples of carbonates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,490;
U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,559; U.S. Pat. No. 4,506,046; and U.S. Pat. No.
4,391,935.
[0074] Polycarboxylate compounds such as HEDTA and DPTA have been
previously used in compositions at low levels to scavenge trace
amounts of heavy metals. When used as a flame retardant in the
present compositions, these materials are used at a level of at
least about 0.05%, preferably at least about 0.5%, and more
preferably at least about 1%, by weight of the composition.
[0075] Inorganic Flame Retardants
[0076] 1) Compounds Comprising Boron
[0077] Boron and compounds comprising boron can be used
independently as flame retardants herein or in combination with
halogen and halogen synergists, such as antimony containing
compounds. Additionally, borates, such as sodium borate, are useful
as agents that can be combined with other agents such as boric
acid, cellulosic polymers, or alumina trihydrate to form glass-like
substances with low transition temperature to inhibit cellulose
degradation. Perborate, barium metaborate, and ammoniumfluoroborate
are also acceptable flame retardants herein. Compounds comprising
boron are effective as synergists for halogenated organic compounds
and some boron containing materials. Compounds comprising boron and
halogenated organic compounds are a preferred combination. Many
examples of flame retardant compounds that comprise boron are
described in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
4.sup.th Edition Vol. 10 . . . and Handbook of Fiber Science and
Technology: Vol. II Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics
Functional Finishes Part B, Eds. M. Lewin and S. B. Sello, "Chapter
1 Flame Retardance of Fabrics".
[0078] Some non-limiting boron-containing materials for use as
flame retardants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,454,968; U.S.
Pat. No. 6,156,240; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,837,903.
[0079] 2) Miscellaneous Inorganic Compounds
[0080] Many inorganic salts and oxides are surprising found to
provide a degree of flame retardancy acceptable for the present
invention. Acceptable compounds comprise antimony, aluminum,
bismuth, zinc, molybdenum, or tin, as well as sulfuric and sulfamic
acid salts. Non-limiting examples include antimony oxides, antimony
pentaoxide, metal antimonates, aluminum oxides, alumina trihydrate,
compounds that comprise both alumina and phosphorus, molybdic
oxides, ammonium octamolybdate, zinc molybdate, magnesium
hydroxide, zinc stannates, zinc hydroxy stannate, and ammonium
sulfamate. Alumina trihydrate makes a preferred combination when
combined with a borate, preferably zinc borate, or a compound
comprising phosphorus.
[0081] Antimony and tin compounds, as well as zinc borate, can be
synergists for halo-organics, especially those that dehalogenate
easily (e.g. the nonliminting example of hexabromocyclododecane).
These materials used together with halo-organics improve the flame
retardancy of halo-organics in liquid fabric softener compositions
of the present invention.
[0082] Some organo-silicates can be utilized as a flame retardant
in the present compositions. A non-limiting example of a linear
organo-silicate acceptable for the present invention is disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,454,969.
[0083] It is recognized that the present compositions can comprise
mixtures of two or more of any of the flame retardants described
herein.
[0084] Fabric Softening Actives
[0085] The present compositions can optionally further comprise a
fabric softening active. Typical minimum levels of incorporation of
the fabric softening active in the present compositions are at
least about 2%, preferably at least about 5%, more preferably at
least about 10%, and even more preferably at least about 12%, by
weight of the composition, and the typical maximum levels of
incorporation of the fabric softening active in the present
compositions are less than about 90%, preferably less than about
40%, more preferably less than about 30% and even more preferably
less than about 20%, by weight of the composition.
[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention wherein the
composition is free of a flame retardant, the present compositions
comprise less than about 21%, by weight of the composition, of
fabric softening active, and at least about 0.5%, by weight of the
composition, of a silicone material.
[0087] Preferred Diester Quaternary Ammonium (DEQA) Compounds
[0088] The fabric softening active herein can preferably be a DEQA
compound. The DEQA compounds encompass a description of diamido
fabrics softener actives as well as fabric softener actives with
mixed amido and ester linkages.
[0089] A first type of DEQA ("DEQA (1)") suitable as a fabric
softening active in the present compositions includes compounds of
the formula:
{R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n--Y--R.sup.1].sub.m}X.sup.-
[0090] wherein each R substituent is either hydrogen, a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, e.g., methyl (most preferred), ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl,
and the like, poly (C.sub.2-3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy,
group, benzyl, or mixtures thereof; each m is 2 or 3; each n is
from 1 to about 4, preferably 2; each Y is --O--(O)C--,
--C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--NR-- and it is acceptable for
each Y to be the same or different; the sum of carbons in each
R.sup.1, plus one when Y is --O--(O)C-- or --NR--C(O)--, is
C.sub.12-C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.14-C.sub.20, with each R.sup.1
being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl group; it is
acceptable for R.sup.1 to be unsaturated or saturated and branched
or linear and preferably it is linear; it is acceptable for each
R.sup.1 to be the same or different and preferably these are the
same; and X.sup.- can be any softener-compatible anion, preferably,
chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, phosphate,
and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl sulfate. Preferred
DEQA compounds are typically made by reacting alkanolamines such as
MDEA (methyldiethanolamine) and TEA (triethanolamine) with fatty
acids. Some materials that typically result from such reactions
include N,N-di(acyl-oxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride or
N,N-di(acyl-oxyethyl)-N,N-methylhydroxyethylammonium methylsulfate
wherein the acyl group is derived from animal fats, unsaturated,
and polyunsaturated, fatty acids, e.g., oleic acid, and/or
partially hydrogenated fatty acids, derived from vegetable oils
and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as, canola oil,
safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil,
tall oil, rice bran oil, etc. Non-limiting examples of suitable
fatty acids are listed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,990 at column 4,
lines 45-66. Those skilled in the art will recognized that
materials made from such process can comprise a combination of
mono-, di-, and tri-esters depending on the process and the
starting materials. Materials from this group preferred for the
present invention include those comprising a high level of diester
content, preferably more than 70% of the total active weight and
more preferably at least about 80% of the total active weight (as
used herein, the "percent of softener active" containing a given
R.sup.1 group is based upon taking a percentage of the total active
based upon the percentage that the given R.sup.1 group is, of the
total R.sup.1 groups present.). Non-limiting examples of preferred
diester quats for the present invention include
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (available
from Akzo under the trade name Armosoft.RTM. DEQ) and
N,N-di(canola-oyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (available
from Degussa under the trade name Adogen.RTM. CDMC). Nonlimiting
examples of available TEA ester quats suitable for the present
invention include di-(hydrogenated
tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-methylhydroxyethylammonium methylsulfate and
di-(oleoyloxyethyl)-N,N-methylhydroxyethylammonium methylsulfate
sold under the trade names Rewoquat.RTM. WE 15 and Varisoft.RTM. WE
16, both available from Degussa.
[0091] Additional preferred DEQA (1) actives include compounds
comprising different Y structures such as the those having the
structure below where one Y.dbd.--C(O)--O-- and the other
Y.dbd.--NH--C(O)--:
R.sup.1--C(O)O--R.sup.2--N.sup.+(R.sup.4).sub.n--R.sup.3--N(H)--C(O)--R.su-
p.1X.sup.-
[0092] wherein n is 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.22,
preferably a C.sub.8-C.sub.20, hydrocarbyl group or substituted
hardrocarbyl groups that are branched or unbranched and saturated
or unsaturated; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each C.sub.1-C.sub.5,
preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.3, alkyl or alkylene groups; and R.sup.4
is H, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group. A
non-limiting example of such softener is
N-tallowoyloxyethyl-N-tallowoylaminopropyl methyl amine. Additional
non-limiting examples of such softeners are described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,580,481 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,597.
[0093] Other suitable fabric softening actives include reaction
products of fatty acids with dialkylenetriamines in, e.g., a
molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction products containing
compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--R.sup.2--NH--R.sup.3--NH--C(O)--R.sup.1
[0094] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are defined as above, and each
R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, preferably an ethylene
group. Examples of these fabric softening actives are reaction
products of tallow acid, canola acid, or oleic acids with
diethylenetriamine in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction
product mixture containing N,N"-ditallowoyldiethylenetriamine,
N,N"-dicanola-oyldiethylenetriamine, or
N,N"-dioleoyldiethylenetriamine, respectively, with the
formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--NH--C(O)--R.sup-
.1
[0095] wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are divalent ethylene groups,
R.sup.1 is defined above and an acceptable examples of this
structure when R.sup.1 is the oleoyl group of a commercially
available oleic acid derived from a vegetable or animal source,
include Emersol.RTM. 223LL or Emersol.RTM. 7021, available from
Henkel Corporation.
[0096] Another fabric softening active for use in the present
compositions has the formula:
[R.sup.1--C(O)--NR--R.sup.2--N(R).sub.2--R.sup.3--NR--C(O)--R.sup.1].sup.+-
X.sup.-
[0097] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X are defined as
above. Examples of this fabric softening active are the di-fatty
amidoamines based softener having the formula:
[R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH)--CH.-
sub.2CH.sub.2--NH--C(O)--R.sup.1].sup.+CH.sub.3SO.sub.4.sup.-
[0098] wherein R.sup.1--C(O) is an oleoyl group, soft tallow group,
or a hardened tallow group available commercially from Degussa
under the trade names Varisoft.RTM. 222LT, Varisoft.RTM. 222, and
Varisoft.RTM. 110, respectively.
[0099] A second type of DEQA ("DEQA (2)") compound suitable as a
fabric softening active in the present compositions has the general
formula:
[R.sub.3N.sup.+CH.sub.2CH(YR.sup.1)(CH.sub.2YR.sup.1)]X.sup.-
[0100] wherein each Y, R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same
meanings as before. Such compounds include those having the
formula:
[CH.sub.3].sub.3N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2O(O)CR.sup.1)O(O)CR.sup.1]Cl.-
sup.(-)
[0101] wherein each R is a methyl or ethyl group and preferably
each R.sup.1 is in the range of C.sub.15 to C.sub.19. As used
herein, when the diester is specified, it can include the monoester
that is present. The amount of monoester that can be present is the
same as in DEQA (1).
[0102] These types of agents and general methods of making them are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180, Naik et al., issued Jan. 30,
1979, which is incorporated herein by reference. An example of a
preferred DEQA (2) is the "propyl" ester quaternary ammonium fabric
softener active having the formula
1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride.
[0103] While it is acceptable to use fabric softening compounds
with any transition temperature; preferably, for the present
invention, the fabric softening compound has a transition
temperature of equal to or less than about 50.degree. C. While it
is acceptable for fabric softening compounds to be made with fatty
acid precursors with a range of Iodine Values (herein referred to
as IV) from zero to about 140, it is preferred for some aspects of
the present invention to use softening compounds made with fatty
acid precursors having an IV of at least about 40. These aspects
include, but are not limited to, physical characteristics of the
fabric softening composition and static performance. For other
aspects of the present invention, an IV of about 15 to about 40 is
preferable to improve the softening efficiency.
[0104] Fabric softening compositions of the present invention that
are clear preferably contain highly fluid fabric softening actives
with transition temperatures less than about 35.degree. C. These
materials can be made with fatty acid precursors having high IV
(greater than about 50) or comprising branching or other structural
modifications leading to a low transition temperature. Additionally
when unsaturated fabric softener actives are used for clear
compositions the unsaturated moiety preferably has a cis:trans
isomer ratio of at least 1:1, preferably about 2:1, more preferably
about 3:1, and even more preferably 4:1 or higher. Some preferred
actives for clear compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
6,369,025; U.S. application Ser. No. 09/554,969, filed Nov. 24,
1998 by Frankenbach et al. (WO 99/27050); and U.S. Pat. No.
6,486,121.
[0105] While it is acceptable for the present invention for the
composition to contain a number of softening actives, including
other fabric softening actives disclosed herein below, the DEQA
fabric softening actives, and specifically those fabric softener
actives with two ester linkages, are preferred fabric softening
actives for the present invention.
[0106] Other Fabric Softening Actives
[0107] Instead of, or in addition to, the DEQA fabric softening
actives described hereinbefore, the present compositions can also
comprise a variety of other fabric softening actives. These other
suitable fabric softening actives include:
[0108] (1) compounds having the formula:
[R.sub.4-m--N.sup.(+)--R.sup.1.sub.m]A.sup.-
[0109] wherein each m is 2 or 3, each R.sup.1 is a
C.sub.6-C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.14-C.sub.20, but no more than
one being less than about C.sub.12 and then the other is at least
about 16, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl substituent,
preferably C.sub.10-C.sub.20 alkyl or alkenyl (unsaturated alkyl,
including polyunsaturated alkyl, also referred to sometimes as
"alkylene"), most preferably C.sub.12-C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl,
and branch or unbranced. While it is acceptable for the IV of the
parent fatty acid containing the R.sup.1 group to range from zero
to about 140, it is preferred for the present invention to have an
IV of at least about 40. When the fabric softener composition will
be clear, it is preferred for fabric softner active to be highly
fluid by incorporating branching in the hydrocarbyl group by
incorporating high unsaturation e.g. the IV of a fatty acid
containing this R.sup.1 group is from about 70 to about 140, more
preferably from about 80 to about 130; and most preferably from
about 90 to about 115 (as used herein, the term "Iodine Value"
means the Iodine Value of a "parent" fatty acid, or "corresponding"
fatty acid, which is used to define a level of unsaturation for an
R.sup.1 group that is the same as the level of unsaturation that
would be present in a fatty acid containing the same R.sup.1 group)
with, preferably, a cis/trans ratio as specified above for highly
unsaturated compounds; each R is H or a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, e.g., methyl (most preferred), ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl,
and the like, benzyl, or (R.sup.2O).sub.2-4H where each R.sup.2 is
a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group; and A.sup.- is a softener compatible
anion, preferably, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate,
sulfate, phosphate, or nitrate; more preferably chloride or methyl
sulfate. Examples of these fabric softening actives include
dialkydimethylammonium salts and dialkylenedimethylammonium salts
such as ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, dicanoladimethylammonium
chloride, and dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate. Examples of
commercially available dialkylenedimethylammon- ium salts usable in
the present invention are di-hydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium
chloride, ditallowdimethyl ammonium chloride, and
dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from Degussa under the
trade names Adogen.RTM. 442, Adogen.RTM. 470, and Adogen.RTM. 472,
respectively.
[0110] (2) compounds having the formula: 19
[0111] wherein each R, R.sup.1, and A.sup.- have the definitions
given above; each R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, preferably
an ethylene group; and G is an oxygen atom or an --NR-- group.
Examples of this fabric softening active are
1-methyl-1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-oleylimidazol- inium methylsulfate
and 1-methyl-1-oleylamidoethyl-2-oleylimidazolinium methylsulfate
wherein R.sup.1 is an acyclic aliphatic C.sub.15-C.sub.17
hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is an ethylene group, G is a NH group,
R.sup.5 is a methyl group and A.sup.- is a methyl sulfate anion,
available commercially from Degussa under the trade names
Varisoft.RTM. 475 and Varisoft.RTM. 3690, respectively.
[0112] (3) compounds having the formula: 20
[0113] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G are defined as above. An
example of this fabric softening active is
1-oleylamidoethyl-2-oleylimidazoline wherein R.sup.1 is an acyclic
aliphatic C.sub.15-C.sub.17 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is an
ethylene group, and G is a NH group.
[0114] (4) reaction products of substantially unsaturated and/or
branched chain higher fatty acid with hydroxyalkylalkylenediamines
in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction products
containing compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--R.sup.2--N(R.sup.3OH)--C(O)--R.sup.1
[0115] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined as above.
Examples of this fabric softening active are reaction products of
fatty acids such as tallow fatty acid, oleic fatty acid, or canola
fatty acid with N-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine in a molecular
ratio of about 2:1, said reaction product mixture containing a
compound of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH)--C(O)--R.sup.1
[0116] wherein R.sup.1--C(O) is oleoyl, tallowyl, or canola-oyl
group of a commercially available fatty acid derived from a
vegetable or animal source. Nonlimiting examples of such actives
include Emersol.RTM. 223LL or Emersol.RTM. 7021, which are derived
from oleic acid and available from Henkel Corporation.
[0117] (5) compounds having the formula: 21
[0118] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and A.sup.- are defined as
above.
[0119] Other compounds suitable as fabric softening actives herein
are acyclic quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:
[R.sup.1--N(R.sup.5).sub.2--R.sup.6].sup.+A.sup.-
[0120] wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl groups, and R.sup.1 and A.sup.- are defined as herein
above. Examples of these fabric softening actives are the
monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts and the
monoalkenyltrimethylammonium salts such as
monotallowyltrimethylammonium chloride,
monostearyltrimethylammonium chloride, monooleyltrimethylammonium
chloride, and monocanolatrimethylammonium chloride. Commercial
examples include tallowtrimetylammonium chloride and
soyatrimethylammonium chloride available from Degussa under the
trade names Adogen.RTM. 471 and Adogen.RTM. 415.
[0121] (6) substituted imidazolinium salts having the formula:
22
[0122] wherein R.sup.7 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 saturated
alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, and R.sup.1 and A.sup.- are defined as
hereinabove;
[0123] (7) substituted imidazolinium salts having the formula:
23
[0124] wherein R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and A.sup.- are as defined above;
[0125] (8) alkylpyridinium salts having the formula: 24
[0126] wherein R.sup.4 is an acyclic aliphatic C.sub.8-C.sub.22
hydrocarbon group and A.sup.- is an anion. An example of this
fabric softening active is
1-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-isoheptadecylimidazolini- um
ethylsulfate wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-7 hydrocarbon group,
R.sup.2 is an ethylene group, R.sup.5 is an ethyl group, and
A.sup.- is an ethylsulfate anion.
[0127] (9) alkanamide alkylene pyridinium salts having the formula:
25
[0128] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and A.sup.- are defined as herein
above; and mixtures thereof.
[0129] Other suitable fabric softening actives for use in the
present compositions include pentaerythritol compounds. Such
compounds are disclosed in more detail in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
6,492,322 U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,374; U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,647; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,332,513; U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,459; U.S. Pat. No.
5,750,990, U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,845 U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,736 and U.S.
Pat. No. 5,126,060.
[0130] Polyquaternary ammonium compounds can also be useful as
fabric softening actives in the present compositions and are
described in more detail in the following patent documents: EP
803,498; GB 808,265; GB 1,161,552; DE 4,203,489; EP 221,855; EP
503,155; EP 507,003; EP 803,498; FR 2,523,606; JP 84-273918; JP
2-011,545; U.S. Pat. No. 3,079,436; U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,054; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,721,512; U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,337; U.S. Pat. No.
4,906,413; U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,667; U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,082; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,670,472; Weirong Miao, Wei Hou, Lie Chen, and Zongshi
Li, Studies on Multifunctional Finishing Agents, Riyong Huaxue
Gonye, No. 2, pp. 8-10, 1992; Yokagaku, Vol. 41, No. 4 (1992); and
Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, 4.sup.th Edition,
published 1991 by Lea & Febiger, Chapter 13, pp. 226-30. The
products formed by quaternization of reaction products of fatty
acid with N,N,N',N', tetraakis(hydroxyethyl)-1,6-diaminohexane are
also suitable for use in the present invention.
[0131] Examples of ester and/or amide linked fabric softening
actives useful in the present invention, especially for
concentrated clear compositions, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
5,759,990 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,443. Other fabric softening
actives for clear liquid fabric softening compositions are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,172.
[0132] Examples of suitable amine softeners that can be used in the
present invention as fabric softening actives are disclosed in
copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/463,103, filed Jul. 29,
1997, by Grimm et al., now allowed.
[0133] Other suitable fabric softening actives, especially for the
present liquid fabric softening compositions, include phosphate
quaternary compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,002.
[0134] Other fabric softening actives that can be used herein are
disclosed, at least generically for the basic structures, in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,861,870; U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,151; U.S. Pat. No.
3,886,075; U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,164; U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,578; U.S.
Pat. No. 3,974,076; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,016. Examples of more
biodegradable fabric softeners can be found in U.S. Pat. No.
3,408,361; U.S. Pat. No. 4,709,045; U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,451; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,127,489; U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,424; U.S. Pat. No.
4,128,485; U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,604; U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,593; and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,339,391.
[0135] The fabric softening active in the present compositions is
preferably selected from the group consisting of
ditallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dihydrogenated-tallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dicanola-oyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl
ammonium chloride, tritallow methyl ammonium chloride, methyl
bis(tallow amidoethyl)2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate,
methyl bis(hydrogenated tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonim
methyl sulfate, methyl bis (oleyl amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate, ditallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium
methyl sulfate, dihydrogenated-tallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride, dicanola-oyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
N-tallowoyloxyethyl-N-ta- llowoylaminopropyl methyl amine,
1,2-bis(hardened tallowoyloxy)-3-trimethy- lammonium propane
chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0136] It will be understood that all combinations of fabric
softening actives disclosed above are suitable for use in this
invention.
[0137] Silicone Materials
[0138] To boost the softening performance and other fabric benefits
such as wrinkle control, appearance, and ease of ironing, of the
present compositions, especially compositions containing only low
levels of fabric softening actives (e.g. less than about 21% by
weight), silicone materials such as silicone fluids and/or silicone
emulsions can be optionally incorporated in the present
compositions. In one embodiment of the invention, the present
compositions comprise less than about 21%, by weight of the
composition, of fabric softening active and at least about 0.5%, by
weight of the composition, of a silicone material. When a silicone
material is used in the present invention, it is typically used at
a level of at least about 0.5%, preferably at least about 3%, more
preferably at least about 5% and typically less than about 10%,
preferably less than about 8%, and more preferably less than about
7%, by weight the composition.
[0139] The silicone material herein can be either a polydimethyl
siloxane (polydimethyl silicone or PDMS), or a derivative thereof,
e.g., amino silicones, ethoxylated silicones, etc. The PDMS, is
preferably one with a high molecular weight, e.g., one having a
viscosity of from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 cSt, preferably
from about 10,000 to about 600,000 cSt, more preferably from about
60,000 to about 300,000 cSt. Silicone emulsions can conveniently be
used to prepare the compositions of the present invention. However,
preferably, the silicone is one that is, at least initially, not
emulsified. I.e., the silicone should be emulsified in the
composition itself.
[0140] Silicone derivatives such as amino-functional silicones,
quaternized silicones, and silicone derivatives containing Si--OH,
Si--H, and/or Si--Cl bonds, can also be used.
[0141] Suitable silicone materials for incorporation in the present
compositions include those described in WO 95/24460; U.S. Pat. No.
6,335,315; U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,850; U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,913; and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,267.
[0142] Aqueous Carrier
[0143] The present compositions will generally comprise an aqueous
carrier comprising water, at a level of from about 0% to about 99%,
by weight of the composition. When the present compositions are
dilute liquid fabric softening compositions, the level of aqueous
carrier will typically from about 40% to about 98%, preferably from
about 70% to about 95%, and more preferably from about 60% to about
90%, by weight of the composition. When the present compositions
are concentrated liquid fabric softening compositions, the level of
aqueous carrier will typically from about 0% to about 40%,
preferably from about 0% to about 30%, and more preferably from
about 0% to about 20%, by weight of the composition.
[0144] Cationic Starch (Free of Phosphorus-Containing
Substituents)
[0145] The present compositions can optionally further comprise
cationic starch that is free of phosphorus-containing substituents.
These materials can provide additional softness and other desirable
fabric conditioning benefits (such as wrinkle control, appearance,
anti-abrasion, and ease of ironing), without noticeably decreasing
the flame resistance of treated fluffier fabrics, such as terry
fabrics and fleecy fabrics. "Cationic starch" as used herein refers
to starch that has been chemically modified to provide the starch
with a net positive charge in aqueous solution, such as by the
addition of amino and/or ammonium group(s) into the starch
molecules. The starch can be selected from the group consisting of
tubers, legumes, cereal, and grains; for example corn starch, wheat
starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassaya starch,
waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous rice starch, sweet rice
starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch, oat starch, sago
starch, sweet rice, and mixtures thereof. Preferred cationic
starches for use in the present compositions include cationic maize
starch, tapioca, and cationic potato starch, with cationic maize
starch being especially preferred.
[0146] The cationic starch in present invention can contain more
than one modification in addition to cationic. For instance, it is
possible to use dual modified starches such as cross-linked and
cationic, stabilized and cationic, and cross-linked, stabilized and
cationized starches.
[0147] Further, cationic starch in the present invention can be
comprised of maltodextrins, having a Dextrose Equivalance ("DE") of
from about 0 to about 35. The Dextrose Equivalence value is a
measure of the reducing equivalence of the hydrolyzed starch
referenced to dextrose and expressed as a percent (on dry basis).
The higher the DE, the more reducing sugar present. Completely
hydrolyzed starch to dextrose has a DE of 100, while unmodified
starch has a DE of 0. In addition to maltodextrins, the cationic
starch in the present invention can be made from dextrins. Dextrins
are pyrolysis products of starch with a wide range of molecular
weights.
[0148] The compositions of the present invention generally comprise
cationic starch at a level of from about 0.1% to about 5.0%,
preferably from about 0.3% to about 3.0%, and more preferably from
about 0.5% to about 2.0%, by weight of the composition.
[0149] The cationic starches of the present invention preferably
have a particular degree of substitution. The "degree of
substitution" of cationic starches is a measure of the number of
hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit which are derivitised
by substituent groups. Since each anhydroglucose unit has three
potential hydroxyl groups available for substitution, the maximum
possible degree of substitution is 3. The degree of substitution is
expressed as the number of moles of substituent groups per mole of
anhydroglucose unit, on a molar average basis. The degree of
substitution can be determined using proton nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (".sup.1H NMR") methods known in the art.
The preferred cationic starches herein will have a degree of
substitution of from about 0.01 to about 2.5, preferably from about
0.01 to about 1.5, and more preferably from about 0.025 to about
0.5. When the cationic starch used herein is cationic maize starch,
the cationic starch preferably has a degree of substitution of from
about 0.04 to about 0.06.
[0150] Cationic starches made from native starches typically
contain from about 20% to about 30% amylose and from about 70% to
about 80% amylopectin, by weight of the cationic starch. For
example, cationic maize starch generally contains from about 0% to
about 90% of amylose, by weight of the cationic starch, depending
upon the source of the starch, while cationic starch made from waxy
maize starch generally contains about 100% amylopectin, by weight
of the cationic starch. The preferred cationic starches of the
present invention will typically contain amylose at a level of from
about 0% to about 70%, preferably from about 10% to about 60%, and
more preferably from about 15% to about 50%, by weight of the
cationic starch. When the cationic starch used herein is cationic
maize starch, the cationic starch preferably comprises from about
25% to about 30% amylose, by weight of the cationic starch.
[0151] The cationic starch in present invention can be incorporated
into the composition in the form of intact starch granules,
partially gelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, cold water
swelling starch, hydrolyzed starch (acid, enzyme, alkaline
degradation), or oxidized starch (peroxide, peracid, alkaline, or
any other oxidizing agent). Fully gelatinized starches can also be
used, but at lower levels to prevent fabric stiffness and limit
viscosity increases.
[0152] The cationic starches of the present invention will also
preferably contain starch components (e.g. amylose and/or
amylopectin) having a particular molecular weight. The molecular
weight of these cationic starch components is preferably from about
50,000 to about 10,000,000. The preferred cationic starches herein
will preferably contain starch components having a molecular weight
of from about 150,000 to about 7,000,000, more preferably from
about 250,000 to about 4,000,000, and even more preferably from
about 400,000 to about 3,000,000. As used herein, the term
"molecular weight" refers to the weight average molecular weight of
the cationic starch components. This weight average molecular
weight can be measured according to the gel permeation
chromatography ("GPC") method described in U.S. application Ser.
No. 10/062,393 filed Feb. 1, 2002 by Mackey et al.
[0153] Suitable cationic starches for use in the present
compositions are commercially-available from Cerestar under the
trade name C*BOND.RTM. and from National Starch and Chemical
Company under the trade name CATO.RTM. 2A.
[0154] Electrolyte
[0155] Electrolyte is an optional, but preferred, additive for
compositions of the present invention. Electrolyte is especially
preferred in compositions comprising at least 10% fabric softening
active, by weight. Electrolyte is preferably included in dispersion
compositions of the present invention to achieve preferred
viscosity of equal to or less than about 2000 centipoise,
preferably less than about 200 centipoise. Electrolyte is
preferably included in clear compositions to modify the
viscosity/elasticity profile of the composition on dilution and to
provide lower viscosity and/or elasticity to the composition
itself. Additionally, for clear compositions, the electrolyte is a
highly preferred additive enabling the use of lower solvent levels
to achieve an economically feasible clear composition, while still
maintaining a preferred viscosity of equal to or less than about
200 centipoise for the composition as well as providing preferred
lower viscosity upon dilution.
[0156] Suitable electrolytes for incorporation in the present
compositions include inorganic salts. Non-limiting examples of
suitable inorganic salts include: MgI.sub.2, MgBr.sub.2,
MgCl.sub.2, Mg(NO.sub.3).sub.2, Mg.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2,
Mg.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7, MgSO.sub.4, magnesium silicate, NaI, NaBr,
NaCl, NaF, Na.sub.3(PO.sub.4), NaSO.sub.3, Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
Na.sub.2SO.sub.3, NaNO.sub.3, NaIO.sub.3, Na.sub.3(PO.sub.4),
Na.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate,
sodium tetrachloroaluminate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP),
Na.sub.2Si.sub.3O.sub.7, sodium zirconate, CaF.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2,
CaBr.sub.2, CaI.sub.2, CaSO.sub.4, Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2, Ca, KI, KBr,
KCl, KF, KNO.sub.3, KIO.sub.3, K.sub.2SO.sub.4, K.sub.2SO.sub.3,
K.sub.3(PO.sub.4), K.sub.4(P.sub.2O.sub.7), potassium pyrosulfate,
potassium pyrosulfite, LiI, LiBr, LiCl, LiF, LiNO.sub.3, AlF.sub.3,
AlCl.sub.3, AlBr.sub.3, AlI.sub.3, Al.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3,
Al(PO.sub.4), Al(NO.sub.3).sub.3, aluminum silicate; including
hydrates of these salts and including combinations of these salts
or salts with mixed cations e.g. potassium alum AlK(SO.sub.4).sub.2
and salts with mixed anions, e.g. potassium tetrachloroaluminate
and sodium tetrafluoroaluminate. Salts incorporating cations from
groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIIa, VIIa, VIII, lb, and IIb on the periodic
chart with atomic numbers >13 are also useful in reducing
dilution viscosity but less preferred due to their tendency to
change oxidation states and thus they can adversely affect the odor
or color of the formulation or lower weight efficiency. Salts with
cations from group Ia or IIa with atomic numbers >20 as well as
salts with cations from the lactinide or actinide series are useful
in reducing dilution viscosity, but less preferred. Mixtures of
above salts are also useful.
[0157] Other suitable electrolytes for incorporation in the present
compositions include organic salts. Non-limiting examples of
suitable organic salts include, magnesium, sodium, lithium,
potassium, zinc, and aluminum salts of the carboxylic acids
including formate, acetate, proprionate, pelargonate, citrate,
gluconate, lactate aromatic acids e.g. benzoates, phenolate and
substituted benzoates or phenolates, such as phenolate, salicylate,
polyaromatic acids terephthalates, and polyacids e.g. oxylate,
adipate, succinate, benzenedicarboxylate, benzenetricarboxylate.
Other useful organic salts include carbonate and/or
hydrogencarbonate (HCO.sub.3.sup.-1) when the pH is suitable, alkyl
and aromatic sulfates and sulfonates e.g. sodium methyl sulfate,
benzene sulfonates and derivatives such as xylene sulfonate, and
amino acids when the pH is suitable. Electrolytes can comprise
mixed salts of the above, salts neutralized with mixed cations such
as potassium/sodium tartrate, partially neutralized salts such as
sodium hydrogen tartrate or potassium hydrogen phthalate, and salts
comprising one cation with mixed anions.
[0158] Generally, inorganic electrolytes are preferred over organic
electrolytes for better weight efficiency and lower costs. Mixtures
of inorganic and organic salts can be used. Typical levels of
electrolyte in the compositions of the present invention are from
about 0.001% to about 10%, by weight of the composition. Preferred
levels of electrolyte for dispersion compositions are typically
from about 0.001% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to about
2%, and more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%. Preferred
levels of electrolyte for clear compositions are from about 0.5% to
about 5%, preferably from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, and more
preferably from about 1% to about 2%, by weight of the
composition.
[0159] Phase Stabilizing Polymers
[0160] Optionally, the compositions herein further comprise from 0%
to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more
preferably from about 0.1% to about 2%, of a phase stabilizing
polymer. Phase stabilizing polymers useful in the present invention
include copolymeric blocks of terephthalate and polyethylene oxide
or polypropylene oxide, and the like. Preferred phase stabilizing
polymers comprising cationic functionalities are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,956,447.
[0161] A preferred phase stabilizing polymer is a copolymer having
blocks of terephthalate and polyethylene oxide. More specifically,
these polymers are comprised of repeating units of ethylene and/or
propylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate at a
molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate units to polyethylene oxide
terephthalate units of from about 25:75 to about 35:65, said
polyethylene oxide terephthalate containing polyethylene oxide
blocks having molecular weights of from about 300 to about 2000.
The molecular weight of this phase stabilizing polymer is in the
range of from about 5,000 to about 55,000.
[0162] Another preferred phase stabilizing polymer is a
crystallizable polyester with repeat units of ethylene
terephthalate units containing from about 10% to about 15% by
weight of ethylene terephthalate units together with from about 10%
to about 50% by weight of polyoxyethylene terephthalate units,
derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight
of from about 300 to about 6,000, and the molar ratio of ethylene
terephthalate units to polyoxyethylene terephthalate units in the
crystallizable polymeric compound is between 2:1 and 6:1. Examples
of this polymer include the commercially available materials
ZELCON.RTM. 4780 (from DuPont) and MILEASE.RTM. T (from ICI).
[0163] Highly preferred phase stabilizing polymers are described in
more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 14, line 66 to col.
15, line 67; in U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,512; and in U.S. Pat. No.
4,702,857.
[0164] Adjunct Ingredients
[0165] The present compositions optionally, but preferably,
comprise additional adjunct ingredients, preferably selected from
the group consisting of perfume, nonionic surfactant, non-aqueous
solvent, fatty acid, dye, preservatives, optical brighteners,
antifoam agents, and mixtures thereof. The amount of each optional
adjunct ingredient is typically up to about 2.0%, by weight of the
composition, unless otherwise specified.
[0166] The present compositions preferably further comprise
perfume. Perfume is typical incorporated in the present
compositions at a level of at least about 0.001%, preferably at
least about 0.01%, more preferably at least about 0.1%, and no
greater than about 10%, preferably no greater than about 5%, more
preferably no greater than about 3%, by weight of the
composition.
[0167] The present compositions can optionally further comprise a
nonionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant is preferably an
alkoxylated nonionic surfactant, especially an ethoxylated nonionic
surfactant. Suitable nonionic surfactants further include nonionic
surfactants derived from saturated and/or unsaturated primary,
secondary, and/or branched, amine, amide, amine-oxide fatty
alcohol, fatty acid, alkyl phenol, and/or alkyl aryl carboxylic
acid compounds, each preferably having from about 6 to about 22,
more preferably from about 8 to about 18, carbon atoms in a
hydrophobic chain, more preferably an alkyl or alkylene chain,
wherein at least one active hydrogen of said compounds is
ethoxylated with .ltoreq.50, preferably .ltoreq.30, more preferably
from about 5 to about 15, and even more preferably from about 8 to
about 12, ethylene oxide moieties to provide an HLB of from about 8
to about 20, preferably from about 10 to about 18, and more
preferably from about 11 to about 15. Suitable nonionic surfactants
are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,931 at col. 8,
lines 1-24; U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,322; and U.S. application Ser. No.
09/554,969, filed Nov. 24, 1998 by Frankenbach et al. (WO
99/27050). When present, nonionic surfactants are typically present
in the compositions at a level of from about 0.01% to about 5%,
preferably from about 0.05% to about 3%, and more preferably from
about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight of the composition. Suitable
nonionic surfactants include those commercially-available from
Shell Chemicals under the trade name NEODOL.RTM. 91-8 and from BASF
under the trade name PLURONIC.RTM. L35.
[0168] The present compositions can optionally further comprise
solvents. Suitable solvents can be water-soluble or water-insoluble
and can include ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol,
t-butanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,
propylene carbonate, butyl carbitol, phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methyl
1,3-propanediol, hexylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol,
1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-butanediol,
1,4-cyclohexanediol, pinacol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol,
2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol,
2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, phenoxyethanol, or mixtures thereof.
Solvents are typically incorporated in the present compositions at
a level of less than about 40%, preferably from about 0.5% to about
25%, more preferably from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the
composition. Preferred solvents, especially for clear compositions
herein, have a ClogP of from about -2.0 to about 2.6, preferably
from about -1.7 to about 1.6, and more preferably from about -1.0
to about 1.0, which are described in detail in U.S. application
Ser. No. 09/554,969, filed Nov. 24, 1998 by Frankenbach et al. (WO
99/27050).
[0169] The present compositions can optionally further comprise
fatty acid. Suitable fatty acids include those containing from
about 12 to about 25, preferably from about 13 to about 22, more
preferably from about 16 to about 20, total carbon atoms, with the
fatty moiety containing from about 10 to about 22, preferably from
about 10 to about 18, more preferably from about 10 to about 14
(mid cut), carbon atoms. The shorter moiety contains from about 1
to about 4, preferably from about 1 to about 2 carbon atoms.
[0170] While the present compositions can further comprise
additional optional components such as oily sugar derivatives, such
as those disclosed in WO 01/46361 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,931, the
compositions are preferably free of these oily sugar derivatives.
The present compositions can also further comprise optional anionic
surfactants. However, if anionic surfactants are present, they are
preferably included at a level of less than about 5%, preferably
from about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the composition. The
present compositions can also be free of anionic surfactants.
[0171] The liquid fabric softener compositions of the present
invention comprising an effective level of a flame retardant will
typically increase the burn time of fluffier fabrics treated with
said compositions by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, more
preferably by at least 50%, even more preferably by at least 100%,
still more preferably by at least 200%, and most preferably by at
least 300% versus fluffier fabrics treated with liquid fabric
softening compositions without a flame retardant.
[0172] Liquid fabric softener compositions comprising an effective
level of a flame retardant will typically increase the burn time of
fluffier fabrics treated with said compositions by at least 1
second, preferably by at least 2 seconds, more preferably by at
least 3 seconds, more preferably by at least 5 seconds, and still
more preferably by at least 10 seconds versus fluffier fabrics
treated with liquid fabric softening compositions without a flame
retardant.
[0173] A method of testing flame retardancy of fabrics is set forth
in the Code of Federal Regulations, 16 C.F.R. .sctn. 1610, entitled
"STANDARD FOR THE FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHING TEXTILES". Similar test
methods include ASTM D1230-94 and AATCC 33-1962.
[0174] The liquid fabric softening compositions of the present
invention can be clear or opaque (dispersions) compositions. As
used herein, "clear composition" refers to compositions that are
preferably substantially free of significant color or haze such
that the compositions generally appear as clear as water. Of course
one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a small amount
of color and/or haze may be present in the compositions of the
present invention. The present liquid fabric softening compositions
can also be provided in a unit dose form, for example, as a liquid
composition contained in a water-soluble film (e.g. polyvinyl
alcohol film). The present compositions can also be solid
compositions, such as solid fabric softening compositions
incorporated onto a substrate for use in a laundry dryer as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,756; U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,599; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,578,234; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,067.
[0175] The flame retardants described herein can also be
incorporated in laundry detergent compositions, such as those
described in detail in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,466; U.S. Pat.
No. 5,916,862; U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,145; U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,706;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,705; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,446,042.
[0176] The compositions of the present invention will typically
have a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise, preferably
less than about 500 centipoise, more preferably less than about 200
centipoise, and even more preferably less than about 120
centipoise. For purposes of the present invention, the viscosities
of the present compositions are measured at 25.degree. C. with a
Brookfield.RTM. viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 60 rpm.
[0177] The present compositions will generally have a pH of from
about 2 to about 13, preferably from about 2 to about 7, and more
preferably from about 2 to about 5.
[0178] The present compositions can be made by mixing together the
individual components of the composition to form a final finished
liquid fabric softening composition of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
[0179] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention.
1 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fabric 18.51% 18.51% 18.51%
14.50% -- -- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- -- -- -- 18.00%
18.00% Softening Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- -- -- 3.00% 3.00%
Softening Active.sup.c Cationic 0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68% 1.68% 1.68%
Starch.sup.d Perfume 1.58% 1.28% 1.28% 1.58% 1.30% 1.30% TMPD.sup.e
-- -- -- -- 5.00% 5.00% NEODOL .RTM. -- -- -- -- 2.15% 2.15%
91-8.sup.f PLURONIC .RTM. -- -- -- -- 1.50% 2.00% L35.sup.g Phase
0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% -- -- Stabilizing Polymer.sup.h Calcium
0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% -- -- Chloride Magnesium -- -- -- --
2.00% 2.00% Chloride DTPA.sup.i 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20%
0.20% Preservative.sup.j 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm -- --
Antifoam.sup.k 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% -- -- Dye 22 ppm 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% -- --
Chloride Hydrochloric -- -- -- -- -- 0.016% Acid Flame Retardant
Phosphoric 0.042% 1% -- -- 0.042% -- Acid Tripoly- -- -- 0.42% --
-- -- phosphoric Acid DEQUEST .RTM. -- -- -- 3% 2% -- 2066.sup.l
DEQUEST .RTM. -- -- -- -- -- 1.5% 7000.sup.m Deionized Bal. Bal.
Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Water
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.bN,N-di(canola-oyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.cMethyl bis(tallow amidoethyl)2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.dCationic starch based on common maize starch or
potato starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree of
substitution of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under
the trade name C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade
name CATO .RTM. A2. .sup.e2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol.
.sup.fC9-C11 alkyl polyethylene oxide having nine EO groups.
.sup.gPolyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with MW
approx. = 2000. .sup.hCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate
having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15,
lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each
R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is
essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.iDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.jKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.kSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
.sup.lDiethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid).
.sup.m2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid.
[0180] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which are
dispersion (opaque) compositions.
2 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 24.7% 24.7% 14% 14% 21% 21% 21% Fabric Softening
Active.sup.b -- -- -- 2% -- -- -- Cationic Starch.sup.c -- -- 1.68%
-- 1.68% -- 0.84% Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% Phase
Stabilizing Polymer.sup.d 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Dye 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium
Chloride 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Flame Retardant
Phosphoric Acid -- -- -- 0.42% -- 0.042% -- DTPA.sup.e 3% -- -- --
-- -- -- Citric Acid -- -- 3% -- -- -- -- ARLATONE .RTM. MAP
230T-60 -- 2% -- -- -- -- -- DEQUEST 2066.sup.f -- -- -- -- 1% --
-- Diethyl bis (hydroxylethyl)amino -- -- -- -- -- 1% -- ethyl
phosphate Fyrol .RTM. 6.sup.g -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.5% Deionized
Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.bMethyl bis(tallow amidoethyl)2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.cCationic starch based on common maize starch or
potato starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree of
substitution of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under
the trade name C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade
name CATO .RTM. A2. .sup.dCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.eDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.fDiethylenetriamin- e penta(methylene phosphonic acid).
.sup.gDiethyl N,N, bis(hydoxylethyl)aminomethylphosphonate.
[0181] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which are clear
compositions.
3 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 14 15 16 17 18 19 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 12% 12% 12% 18% 30% 35% Fabric Softening Active.sup.b
3% 3% 3% 7% -- -- TMPD.sup.c 10% 7.7% 7.6% 2% 3% 3% Neodol
91-8.sup.d 6.6% 5% 4.5% 4% 4% 4.5% Pluronic L-35.sup.e 1.2% 1.2%
1.2% 1% 1% 2% MgCl2 2% 2% 2% 2% 2.2% 2.3% DTPA.sup.f 0.02% 0.02%
0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% Perfume 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% HCl
0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% Dye 0.0011% 0.0011%
0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% Flame Retardant Fyrol .RTM. 6.sup.g
12% 9% 6% 9% 9% 10% Deionized Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
.sup.aN,N-di(canola-oyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.bMethyl bis(tallow amidoethyl)2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.c2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol. .sup.dC9-C11 alkyl
polyethylene oxide having nine EO groups.
.sup.ePolyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with MW
approx. = 2000. .sup.fDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.gDiethyl N,N bis(hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate.
[0182] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise
cationic phosphorylated starch as a flame retardant.
4 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 20 21 22 23 24 25 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 18.51% 18.51% 18.51% 14.50% -- -- Fabric Softening
Active.sup.b -- -- -- -- 18.00% 18.00% Fabric Softening
Active.sup.c -- -- -- -- 3.00% 3.00% Cationic Phosphorylated
Starch.sup.d -- -- 2.52% -- -- 1.68% Cationic Phosphorylated
Starch.sup.e 0.84% 1.68% -- 1.68% 1.68% -- Perfume 1.58% 1.28%
1.28% 1.58% 1.30% 1.30% TMPD.sup.f -- -- -- -- 5.00% 5.00% NEODOL
.RTM. 91-8.sup.g -- -- -- -- 2.15% 2.15% PLURONIC .RTM. L35.sup.h
-- -- -- -- 1.50% 2.00% Phase Stabilizing Polymer.sup.i 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% 0.25% -- -- Calcium Chloride 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% --
-- Magnesium Chloride -- -- -- -- 2.00% 2.00% DTPA.sup.j 0.005%
0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20% Preservative.sup.k 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm -- -- Antifoam.sup.l 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% --
-- Dye 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium Chloride
0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% -- -- Hydrochloric Acid -- -- -- -- -- 0.016%
Deionized Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.bN,N-di(canola-oyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.cMethyl bis(tallow amidoethyl)2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.dCationic phosphorylated starch based on common
potato prepared as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,336, Table II,
sample A. .sup.eCationic phosphorylated starch based on common
potato prepared as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,336, Table II,
sample F. .sup.f2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol. .sup.gC9-C11 alkyl
polyethylene oxide having nine EO groups. .sup.hPolyoxypropylene--
polyoxyethylene block copolymer with MW approx. = 2000.
.sup.iCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the
formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5,
wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is essentially
ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.jDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.kKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.lSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
[0183] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise a
phosphorylated fabric softening active that can be utilized as a
flame retardant.
5 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 26 27 28 29 30 31 Fabric 18.5% -- -- -- --
-- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- 18.5% -- -- 9% -- Softening
Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- 18.5% -- -- -- Softening Active.sup.c
Fabric -- -- -- 18.5% -- 9% Softening Active.sup.d Fabric -- -- --
-- 9% 9% Softening Active.sup.e Cationic 0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68%
1.68% 1.68% Starch.sup.f Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% Stabilizing Polymer.sup.g
Calcium 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% Chloride
DTPA.sup.h 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.i 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.j 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Dye 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1%
0.1% 0.1% Chloride Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Water
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium chloride. .sup.bN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2
phosphorylethyl methyl sulfate. .sup.cN,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.dN,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
methyl sulfate. .sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammon-
ium chloride. .sup.fCationic starch based on common maize starch or
potato starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree of
substitution of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under
the trade name C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade
name CATO .RTM. A2. .sup.gCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.iKATHON .RTM. CG available from Rohm and Haas Co.
.sup.jSilicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning Corp.
under the trade name DC2310.
[0184]
6 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 32 33 34 35 36 37 Arlasilk 30% -- -- -- --
-- Phospholipid EFA.sup.a Arlasilk -- 24.7% 12.35 -- -- --
Phospholipid PTC.sup.b Arlasilk -- -- 12.35 24.7% 14% --
Phospholipid PTS.sup.c Arlasilk -- -- -- -- -- -- Phospholipid
PLN.sup.d Lecithin.sup.e -- -- -- -- 10% 24.7% 1,2-Hexanediol 10%
-- -- -- -- -- Perfume 1-3% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% Calcium 0.545%
0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% Chloride DTPA.sup.f 0.005%
0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20% Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Bal. Water .sup.aLinoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate.
.sup.bCocamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate.
.sup.cSteramidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate.
.sup.dLinoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate. .sup.eThe
phosphatidyl choline derived from soy-bean oil.
.sup.fDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
[0185] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise
ethyl-capped phosphorylated fabric softening actives that can be
utilized as flame retardants.
7 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 38 39 40 41 42 43 Fabric 18.5% -- -- -- --
-- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- 18.5% -- -- 9% -- Softening
Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- 18.5% -- -- -- Softening Active.sup.c
Fabric -- -- -- 18.5% -- 9% Softening Active.sup.d Fabric -- -- --
-- 9% 9% Softening Active.sup.e Cationic 0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68%
1.68% 1.68% Starch.sup.f Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% Stabilizing Polymer.sup.g
Calcium 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% Chloride
DTPA.sup.h 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.i 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.j 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Dye 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1%
0.1% 0.1% Chloride Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Water
.sup.adiethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride. .sup.bdiethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-meth-
yl-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl sulfate. .sup.cdiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.ddiethyl N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate. .sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dime-
thylammonium chloride. .sup.fCationic starch based on common maize
starch or potato starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree
of substitution of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under
the trade name C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade
name CATO .RTM. A2. .sup.gCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.iKATHON .RTM. CG available from Rohm and Haas Co.
.sup.jSilicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning Corp.
under the trade name DC2310.
[0186]
8 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 44 45 46 47 48 49 Fabric 24.7% -- -- -- --
-- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- 24.7% -- -- 12.35% -- Softening
Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- 24.7 -- -- -- Softening Active.sup.c
Fabric -- -- -- 24.7% -- 12.35% Softening Active.sup.d Fabric -- --
-- -- 12.35% 12.35% Softening Active.sup.e Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
1-2% 1-2% 1-2% Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Stabilizing Polymer.sup.f Calcium 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545%
0.545% 0.545% Chloride DTPA.sup.g 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20%
0.20% Preservative.sup.h 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
7.5 ppm Antifoam.sup.i 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011%
Dye 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Chloride Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Bal. Water .sup.aDiethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride. .sup.bDiethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylet- hyl methyl
sulfate. .sup.cDiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.dDiethyl N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate. .sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dime-
thylammonium chloride. .sup.fCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.gDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.hKATHON .RTM. CG available from Rohm and Haas Co.
.sup.iSilicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning Corp.
under the trade name DC2310.
[0187] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise
phosphonated fabric softening active that can be utilized as flame
retardants.
9 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 50 51 52 53 54 55 Fabric 24.7% -- -- -- --
-- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- 24.7% -- -- 12.35% -- Softening
Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- 24.7 -- -- -- Softening Active.sup.c
Fabric -- -- -- 24.7% -- 12.35% Softening Active.sup.d Fabric -- --
-- -- 12.35% 12.35% Softening Active.sup.e Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
1-2% 1-2% 1-2% Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Stabilizing Polymer.sup.f Calcium 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545%
0.545% 0.545% Chloride DTPA.sup.g 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20%
0.20% Preservative.sup.h 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
7.5 ppm Antifoam.sup.i 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011%
Dye 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Chloride Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Bal. Water .sup.aDiethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate ammonium
chloride. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-ethy-
l-2-phosphonate methyl sulfate. .sup.cDiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate ammonium chloride.
.sup.dDiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-ethyl-2-phosphonate ammonium methyl sulfate.
.sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dime- thylammonium chloride.
.sup.fCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the
formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5,
wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is essentially
ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.gDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.hKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.iSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
[0188]
10 INGRE- EXAMPLE DIENTS 56 57 58 59 60 61 Fabric 18.5% -- -- -- --
-- Softening Active.sup.a Fabric -- 18.5% -- -- 9% -- Softening
Active.sup.b Fabric -- -- 18.5% -- -- -- Softening Active.sup.c
Fabric -- -- -- 18.5% -- 9% Softening Active.sup.d Fabric -- -- --
-- 9% 9% Softening Active.sup.e Cationic 0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68%
1.68% 1.68% Starch.sup.f Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% Stabilizing Polymer.sup.g
Calcium 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% Chloride
DTPA.sup.h 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.i 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.j 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Dye 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1%
0.1% 0.1% Chloride Deionized Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Water
.sup.aDiethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-methylphosph-
onate ammonium chloride. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-
-methyl-N-methylphosphonate methyl sulfate. .sup.cDiethyl
N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-methylphosphonate ammonium
chloride. .sup.dDiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-methylphosphonate ammonium methyl sulfate.
.sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dime- thylammonium chloride.
.sup.fCationic starch based on common maize starch or potato
starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree of substitution
of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under the trade name
C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade name CATO .RTM.
A2. .sup.gCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the
formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5,
wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is essentially
ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.iKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.jSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
[0189] The following are non-limiting examples of the liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise
sodium salts of phosphorylated fabric softening actives that can be
utilized as flame retardants.
11 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 62 63 64 65 66 67 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 18.5% -- -- -- -- -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.b --
18.5% -- -- 9% -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.c -- -- 18.5% -- --
-- Fabric Softening Active.sup.d -- -- -- 18.5% -- 9% Fabric
Softening Active.sup.e -- -- -- -- 9% 9% Cationic Starch.sup.f
0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68% 1.68% 1.68% Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
1-2% 1-2% Phase Stabilizing Polymer.sup.g 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% 0.25% Calcium Chloride 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545%
0.545% DTPA.sup.h 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.i 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.j 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Dye 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium Chloride 0.1% 0.3% 0.1%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Deionized Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
.sup.aDisodium N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N--
methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride. .sup.bDisodium
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl
sulfate. .sup.cDisodium N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.dDisodium N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate.
.sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.fCationic starch based on common maize starch or potato
starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree of substitution
of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under the trade name
C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade name CATO .RTM.
A2. .sup.gCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the
formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5,
wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is essentially
ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.iKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.jSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
[0190] The following are non-limiting examples of clear liquid
fabric softening compositions of the present invention which
comprise modified fabric softening actives that can be utilized as
flame retardants.
12 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 68 69 70 71 72 73 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 12% -- -- -- -- 35% Fabric Softening Active.sup.b --
12% 25% 15% 30% -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.c 3% -- -- -- -- --
Fabric Softening Active.sup.d -- 3% -- 5% -- -- TMPD.sup.e 7% 7%
7.2% 7% 7.5% 8% Neodol 91-8.sup.f 6.6% 5% 5% 5% 5.2% 5.2% Pluronic
L-35.sup.g 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1% 1% 2% MgCl2 2% 2% 2% 2% 2.2% 2.3%
DTPA.sup.h 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% Perfume 1-3% 1-3%
1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% HCl 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016%
Dye 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% Deionized Water
Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. .sup.aDiethyl
N,N-di(canola-oxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylet- hyl ammonium
chloride. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(oleyloxyethyl)-N-methy-
l-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl sulfate. .sup.cDiethyl N,N-dicanola
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.dDiethyl N,N-oleyl amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate. .sup.e2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol.
.sup.fC9-C11 alkyl polyethylene oxide having nine EO groups.
.sup.gpolyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with MW
approx. = 2000. .sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
[0191] The following are non-limiting examples of clear liquid
fabric softening compositions of the present invention which
comprise modified fabric softening actives that can be utilized as
flame retardants and a separate flame retardant.
13 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 74 75 76 77 78 79 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 12% -- -- -- -- 35% Fabric Softening Active.sup.b --
12% 25% 15% 30% -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.c 3% -- -- -- -- --
Fabric Softening Active.sup.d -- 3% -- 5% -- -- TMPD.sup.e 3% 6% 6%
5% 7.5% 10% Neodol 91-8.sup.f 6.6% 5% 5% 5% 5.2% 5.2% Pluronic
L-35.sup.g 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1% 1% 2% MgCl2 2% 2% 2% 2% 2.2% 2.3%
DTPA.sup.h 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% Perfume 1-3% 1-3%
1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% HCl 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016% 0.016%
Dye 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% 0.0011% Flame Retardant
Fyrol .RTM. 6.sup.i 7% 5% 7% 8% 12% 15% Deionized Water Bal. Bal.
Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. .sup.aDiethyl
N,N-di(canola-oxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- -2-phosphorylethyammonium
chloride. .sup.bDiethyl
N,N-di(oleyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethymethyl sulfate.
.sup.cDiethyl N,N-dicanola
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyammonium chloride.
.sup.dDiethyl N,N-oleyl amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phospho-
rylethyammonium methyl sulfate. .sup.e2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentaned-
iol. .sup.fC9-C11 alkyl polyethylene oxide having nine EO groups.
.sup.gPolyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with MW
approx. = 2000. .sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.iDiethyl bis(hydroxyehtyl)aminomethyl phosphonate.
[0192] The following are non-limiting examples of liquid fabric
softening compositions of the present invention which comprise
ethyl-capped phosphorylated fabric softening actives that can be
utilized as flame retardants and a separate flame retardant.
14 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 80 81 82 83 84 85 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 18.5% -- -- -- -- -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.b --
18.5% -- -- 9% -- Fabric Softening Active.sup.c -- -- 18.5% -- --
-- Fabric Softening Active.sup.d -- -- -- 18.5% -- 9% Fabric
Softening Active.sup.e -- -- -- -- 9% 9% Cationic Starch.sup.f
0.84% 1.68% 2.52% 1.68% 1.68% 1.68% Perfume 1-2% 1-2% 1-2% 1-2%
1-2% 1-2% Phase Stabilizing Polymer.sup.g 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% 0.25% Calcium Chloride 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545%
0.545% DTPA.sup.h 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.I 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.j 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Dye 22 ppm
22 ppm 22 ppm 22 ppm 11 ppm 11 ppm Ammonium Chloride 0.1% 0.3% 0.1%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Flame Retardant Melamine phosphate 0.5% -- -- -- --
-- Fyrol .RTM. 6 -- 0.75% 0.75% -- -- -- Ammonium Phosphate -- --
-- 2.5% -- -- Sodium tripolyphoshate -- -- -- -- 0.7% -- Phosphoric
Acid -- -- -- -- -- 1% Deionized Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Bal. .sup.aDiethyl
N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium
chloride. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-meth-
yl-N-2-phosphorylethyl methyl sulfate. .sup.cDiethyl N,N-ditallow
amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl ammonium chloride.
.sup.dDiethyl N,N-ditallow amidoethyl-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylethyl
ammonium methyl sulfate. .sup.eN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dime-
thylammonium chloride. .sup.fCationic starch based on common maize
starch or potato starch, containing 25% to 95% amylose and a degree
of substitution of from 0.02 to 0.09. Available from Cerestar under
the trade name C*BOND .RTM. and National Starch under the trade
name CATO .RTM. A2. .sup.gCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.hDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.IKATHON .RTM. CG available from Rohm and Haas Co.
.sup.jSilicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning Corp.
under the trade name DC2310.
[0193] The following are non-limiting examples of fabric softening
compositions utilizing mono-tail surfactants as flame
retardants.
15 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 86 87 88 89 90 91 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 24.7% 18.51% 14.50% 24.7% 18.51% 14.50% Phase
Stabilizing Polymer.sup.b 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Calcium Chloride 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545% 0.545%
DTPA.sup.c 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.d 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.e 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Perfume
1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% Flame Retardant Phosphorylated
surfactant.sup.f 12.35% 9.25 7.25 -- -- -- Surfactant
Phostphate.sup.g -- -- -- 12.35% 9.25 7.25
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
.sup.bCopolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the
formula described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5,
wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R.sup.2 is essentially
ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
.sup.cDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. .sup.dKATHON .RTM. CG
available from Rohm and Haas Co. .sup.eSilicone antifoam agent
available from Dow Corning Corp. under the trade name DC2310.
.sup.fDimethyl sulfate quat of dodecyl/tetradecyl
methylethanolamine diethyl phosphate. .sup.gArlatone .RTM. MAP
230T-60 (TEA C12-13 alkyl phosphate) from Uniqema.
[0194] The following are non-limiting examples of fabric softening
compositions utilizing lecithins as fabric softening actives can be
a flame retardant.
16 IN- EXAMPLE GREDIENTS 92 93 94 95 96 97 Lecithin 1.sup.a 24.7%
18.51% 14.50% -- -- -- Lecthin 2.sup.b -- -- -- 24.7% 18.51% 14.50%
Phase 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% Stabilizing Polymer.sup.c
DTPA.sup.d 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.005% 0.20% 0.20%
Preservative.sup.e 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm 7.5 ppm
Antifoam.sup.d 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% 0.011% Perfume
1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% 1-3% .sup.aUltralec P (Lecithin) from
Archer Daniel Midland Co. .sup.bYelkin SS (Lecithin) from Archer
Daniel Midland Co. .sup.cCopolymer of ethylene oxide and
terephthalate having the formula described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n
is 40, u is 4, each R.sup.1 is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties,
each R.sup.2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or
mixtures thereof. .sup.dDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.
.sup.eKATHON .RTM. CG available from Rohm and Haas Co.
.sup.fSilicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning Corp.
under the trade name DC2310.
[0195] The following are non-limiting examples of solid fabric
softening compositions for incorporation onto a substrate to form a
fabric softening dryer sheet.
17 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 98 99 100 101 102 103 Fabric Softening
Active.sup.a 40.0% 28.0% -- -- 40.0% -- Fabric Softening
Active.sup.b -- -- 40.0% 28.0% -- 31.2% Clay.sup.c 4.00% 4.00%
4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% Sorbitan Mono-oleate -- 20.0% -- 26.4% --
23.2% Co-softener.sup.d 45.0% 40.0% 50.0% 40.0% -- --
Co-softener.sup.e -- -- -- -- 45.0% 40.0% Perfume 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%
1.6% 1.6% 1.6% Flame Retardant Ammonium Phosphate 9.4% -- -- --
9.4% -- Melamine orthophosphate -- 6.4% 4.4% -- -- --
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(soft
tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylet- hyl methyl sulfate.
.sup.cCalcium bentonite clay, Bentolite L, sold by Southern Clay
Products. .sup.d1:2 ratio of stearyldimethylamine: triple pressed
stearic acid .sup.e1:2 ratio of stearyldimethylamine: stearic
phosphate
[0196]
18 EXAMPLE INGREDIENTS 104 105 106 Fabric Softening Active.sup.a
30.0% -- 30.0% Fabric Softening Active.sup.b -- 34.35% --
Co-softener.sup.c 20.0% 20.0% -- Co-softener.sup.d -- -- 20.0%
Tallow fatty acid.sup.e 8.50% 8.50% 8.50% Perfume/Cyclodextrin
Complex.sup.f 17.2% 17.2% 17.2% Clay.sup.g 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
Glycosperse S20.sup.h 14.5% 14.5% 14.5% Free Perfume 1.45% 1.45%
1.45% Flame Retardant Melamine orthophosphate 4.35% -- 4.35%
.sup.aN,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methyl
sulfate. .sup.bDiethyl N,N-di(soft
tallowoyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-2-phosphorylet- hyl methyl sulfate.
.sup.c1:2 ratio of stearyldimethylamine: triple pressed stearic
acid. .sup.d1:2 ratio of stearyldimethylamine: stearic phosphate.
.sup.e(C16/18 IV = 42) added partway through quaternization of the
fabric softener active .sup.fCyclodextrin-Perfume inclusion
compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,139,687 and U.S. Pat. No.
5,234,610. .sup.gCalcium bentonite clay, Bentolite L, sold by
Southern Clay Products. .sup.hGlycosperse S20 is polyethoxyalted
sorbitan monostearate, from Lonza, which contains about 20
ethoxylate moieties per molecule.
[0197] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *