U.S. patent application number 10/951244 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-24 for network based multiple sensor and control device with temperature sensing and control.
Invention is credited to Bonasia, Gaetano, Eckel, David P., Porter, James A..
Application Number | 20050043907 10/951244 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32993346 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050043907 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eckel, David P. ; et
al. |
February 24, 2005 |
Network based multiple sensor and control device with temperature
sensing and control
Abstract
A multifunction sensor device which provides various transducer
functions including means for performing temperature sensing,
humidity sensing, ambient light sensing, motion detection,
thermostat functions, switching functions, load switching and
dimming functions, displaying actual and set temperature values,
displaying time of day values and a means to put the device in an
on, off or auto mode. The device has utility in environments such
as that found in offices, schools, homes, industrial plants or any
other type of automated facility in which sensors are utilized for
energy monitoring and control, end user convenience or artificial
or natural cooling, heating and HVAC control. The device can be
used as a switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat as well as to
adjust and control all natural and artificial lighting, temperature
and humidity devices. Key elements of the invention include
overcoming the difficulty of mounting diverse sensors or
transducers within the same device or housing; permitting these
various sensors to exist in a single package that can be mounted to
a wall in a substantially flush manner; and eliminating the
requirement of an air flow channel in the device, thus minimizing
any adverse effects on the motion detecting element or sensor as
well as providing built in partial hysteresis. The device may
include additional transducers or sensors and is constructed such
that the temperature and humidity sensors are neither exposed to
the flow of air in a room or area nor in an airflow channel whereby
a chimney effect may occur. The device can transmit and receive
real time data, relative data and actual discrete data in addition
to switching and controlling loads locally or remotely. An
embodiment utilizing airflow channels to direct air over the
temperature and humidity sensors is also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Eckel, David P.; (Eaton's
Neck, NY) ; Bonasia, Gaetano; (Bronx, NY) ;
Porter, James A.; (Farmingdale, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PAUL J. SUTTON, ESQ., BARRY G. MAGIDOFF, ESQ.
GREENBERG TRAURIG, LLP
200 PARK AVENUE
NEW YORK
NY
10166
US
|
Family ID: |
32993346 |
Appl. No.: |
10/951244 |
Filed: |
September 27, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10951244 |
Sep 27, 2004 |
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09701115 |
Nov 17, 2000 |
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6798341 |
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09701115 |
Nov 17, 2000 |
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PCT/US99/10769 |
May 14, 1999 |
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60085814 |
May 18, 1998 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
702/62 ;
374/E1.008; 374/E1.011 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B 47/105 20200101;
G01K 1/08 20130101; H05B 47/13 20200101; H05B 47/18 20200101; G01K
1/045 20130101; H05B 47/11 20200101; H05B 47/17 20200101; Y02B
20/40 20130101; H05B 41/3922 20130101; H05B 47/175 20200101; H05B
47/10 20200101 |
Class at
Publication: |
702/062 |
International
Class: |
G06F 019/00 |
Claims
1-59 (Canceled)
60. A multiple sensor and control device for use on a local
operating network, comprising: a communications transceiver for
transmitting and receiving data between said multiple sensor device
and said local operating network; a plurality of sensor devices
each sensor device adapted to measure a physical phenomenon; and
control means for determining a level of electrical power to be
applied to a load electrically connected to said multiple sensor
and control device.
61. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises a motion sensor.
62. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises motion sensing circuitry including a passive infrared
(PIR) sensor.
63. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises an ambient light sensor.
64. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises ambient light sensing circuitry including a
photodiode.
65. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises a temperature sensor.
66. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises temperature sensing circuitry including said temperature
sensor element.
67. The device according to claim 60, wherein said sensor device
comprises a humidity sensor.
68. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a housing
to accommodate at least one of said communication transceiver,
plurality of sensor devices and said control means.
69. The device according to claim 68, wherein said housing
comprises a cavity adapted to contain a temperature sensor element
wherein said cavity is substantially sealed from the rest of said
device but open to the environment via a vent such that said
temperature sensor element is coupled to the surrounding
environment but is neither exposed to the flow of air in the
surrounding area nor lies in an airflow channel within said device,
the temperature of the air within said cavity changing via
diffusion with the air in the surrounding environment.
70. The device according to claim 68, wherein said housing
comprises a cavity adapted to contain a temperature sensor element
wherein said cavity is substantially sealed from the rest of said
device but open to the environment via a vent in combination with
one or more channels adapted to direct air flow in from said vent,
over said temperature sensing element, through said channels and
out one or more vent holes located on the front surface of said
housing.
71. The device according to claim 68, further comprising a pedestal
within said housing wherein a temperature sensor element is
positioned at a distance from a printed circuit board, said
pedestal adapted to substantially environmentally seal said cavity
from an inner portion of said housing.
72. The device according to claim 68, wherein said housing
comprises openings on one side only so as to direct airflow through
an area that does not impact any circuitry located therewithin.
73. The device according to claim 60, further comprising means for
communicating one or more quantities representing measured said
physical phenomena over said local operating network.
74. The device according to claim 60, wherein said control means
comprises relay control circuitry.
75. The device according to claim 60, wherein said control means
comprises ballast dimming circuitry.
76. The device according to claim 60, wherein said control means
comprises dimming circuitry.
77. The device according to claim 60, wherein said control means
comprises at least one electrical switch means operable by a user
for turning electrical power to a load on and off, said device
operative to communicate the actions of said user over said local
operating network.
78. The device according to claim 60, wherein said control means
comprises at least one electrical switch means operable by a user
for brightening and dimming a logical electrical lighting load,
said device operative to communicate the actions of said user over
said communications network.
79. The device according to claim 60, further comprising one or
more movable or translucent blinders for adjusting the field of
view or amount of radiation falling on one or more motion
detectors.
80. The device according to claim 60, wherein said blinder
comprises an elongated shutter portion supported by a lower wall
and an upper wall, said blinder pivotally mounted via a cylindrical
stud wherein said blinder pivots on an axis perpendicular to said
cylindrical stud.
81. The multiple sensor device according to claim 60, wherein said
software application task comprises relay software application code
for controlling the power on/off state of one or more lighting
loads bound to and/or physically connection to said device.
82. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a
controller programmed to: execute one or more software application
tasks stored in a memory means for storing information; receive
information over said local operating network from one or more
electrical devices; and transmit information over said local
operating network to one or more electrical devices.
83. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises dimming software application code for
providing dimming and brightening control of one or more dimming
loads bound to said device.
84. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises occupancy software application code for
controlling a logical lighting load bound to said device in
accordance with the detection of motion in an area.
85. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises California Title 24 software application
code for modifying relay and dimming functionality in accordance
therewith.
86. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises ambient light level software application
code for maintaining a particular light level within an area.
87. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises reset software application code for
placing said device in an initialization state.
88. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises go unconfigured software application
code for placing said device in an unconfigured state.
89. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises communication input/output (I/O)
software application code for receiving data from and/or
transmitting data to said local operating network.
90. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises inhibit software application code for
inhibiting and overriding the normal operating mode of said
device.
91. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises temperature software application code
for measuring the temperature of the area surrounding said
device.
92. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises temperature software application code
for providing a thermostat function adapted to control temperature
by controlling artificial and natural cooling, heating and/or fan
means.
93. The device according to claim 82, wherein said software
application task comprises fast change application code for
detecting rapid increases in temperature and in response thereto
sending a warning message over said local operating network.
94. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network comprises twisted pair wiring.
95. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network comprises radio frequency (RF) communications.
96. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network comprises infrared communications.
97. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network comprises optical communication over optical fiber.
98. The multiple sensor device according to claim 60, wherein said
local operating network comprises power line carrier
communications.
99. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network comprises coaxial communications.
100. The device according to claim 60, wherein said local operating
network utilizes a standard protocol such as LonWorks, CEBus, X10,
BACNet and CAN or any other proprietary protocol.
101. The device according to claim 60, wherein said memory means
comprises random access memory (RAM).
102. The device according to claim 60, wherein said memory means
comprises read only memory (ROM).
103. The device according to claim 60, wherein said memory means
comprises electrically erasable programmable read only memory
(EEPROM).
104. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises a twisted pair wiring transceiver.
105. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises a radio frequency (RF) transceiver.
106. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises a power line carrier transceiver.
107. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises an infrared (IR) transceiver.
108. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises an optical fiber transceiver.
109. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises a coaxial cable transceiver.
110. The device according to claim 60, wherein said communications
transceiver comprises an FFT-10A twisted pair wiring
transceiver.
111. The device according to claim 60, wherein said controller
comprises a Neuron 3120 integrated circuit.
112. The device according to claim 60, wherein said controller
comprises a microprocessor, microcontroller or custom integrated
circuit that employs the LonTalk EIA 709.1 protocol.
113. The device according to claim 60, wherein said load comprises
one or more physical electrical lighting loads.
114. The device according to claim 60, wherein said load comprises
one or more logical electrical lighting loads.
115. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a press
to release button adapted to permit the device to be removed from a
wall and used as a remote control as well as a regular wall mounted
or table top switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat and adapted to
control natural and artificial lighting, temperature and humidity
devices.
116. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a display
adapted to display a timer readout.
117. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a display
adapted to display the time of day.
118. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a display
adapted to display temperature.
119. The device according to claim 60, further comprising a light
bar adapted to display the illumination state of a lighting load.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 60/085,814, filed May 18, 1998.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of
electrical sensors and more particularly to a network based
multi-function sensor and control device suitable for sensing
motion, temperature, humidity and ambient light, setting and
controlling temperature and control relay and ballast loads and
which includes blinder devices for reducing nuisance tripping of
the device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Today, automation systems are being installed in more and
more buildings, including both new construction and in structures
that are being rebuilt. The incentives for putting automation
systems into a building are numerous. High on the list are reduced
operating costs, more efficient use of energy, simplified control
of building systems, ease of maintenance and of effecting changes
to the systems. Facility managers would prefer to install systems
that can interoperate amongst each other. Interoperability is
defined by different products, devices and systems for different
tasks and developed by different manufacturers, being able to be
linked together to form flexible, functional control networks.
[0004] An example of a typical automation system includes lighting
controls, HVAC systems, security systems, fire alarm systems and
motor drives all possibly provided by different manufacturers. It
is desirable if these separate disparate systems can communicate
and operate with each other.
[0005] Prior art automation systems generally comprised closed
proprietary equipment supplied by a single manufacturer. With this
type of proprietary system, the installation, servicing and future
modifications of the component devices in the system were
restricted to a single manufacturer's product offering and
technical capability. In addition, it was very difficult or
impossible to integrate new technology developed by other
manufacturers. If technology from other manufactures could be
integrated, it was usually too costly to consider.
[0006] Thus, it is desirable to create an open control system
whereby individual sensors, processors and other components share
information among one another. A few of the benefits of using an
open system include reduced energy costs, increased number of
design options for the facility manager, lower design and
installation costs since the need for customized hardware and
software is greatly reduced and since star configuration point to
point wiring is replaced by shared media and lastly, system startup
is quicker and simpler.
[0007] In addition, expansion and modification of the system in the
future is greatly simplified. New products can be introduced
without requiring major system redesign or reprogramming.
[0008] An integral part of any automation control system are the
sensors and transducers used to gather data on one or more physical
parameters such as temperature and motion. It would be desirable if
a plurality of sensor functions could be placed in a single device,
fit in a standard single wall box opening and be able to
communicate with one or more control units, i.e., processing nodes,
on the control network.
[0009] The number and types of sensors in this device could be many
including multiple, dual or singular occupancy and security sensing
via means including passive infrared, ultrasonic, RF, audio or
sound or active infrared. In addition, other multiple or singular
transducers may be employed such as temperature sensor, relative
humidity sensor, ambient light sensor, CO sensor, smoke sensor,
security sensor, air flow sensors, switches, etc.
[0010] The utility of such a multifunction sensor can best be
described by an example. In order to minimize the number of unique
devices that are installed in a room, it is desirable to have a
sensor device reliably perform as many functions as possible as
this reduces the wiring costs as well as the number of devices
required to be installed on the walls of the room. Additionally,
from an aesthetic point of view, architects are under increasing
demand by their clients to reduce the number of unique sensor nodes
in any given room.
[0011] Further, it is also desirable to have these transducers or
sensors communicate with a microprocessor or microcontroller that
can be used to enhance the application of the transducer. This may
be accomplished by providing the necessary A/D functions, including
sensitivity and range adjustments of the transducer functions, and
also by enabling the sensed information to be communicated over a
bus or other media using a suitable protocol.
[0012] Further, calibration, either in the field or the factory
could be employed to generate either a relative or real absolute
temperature reading. Further, the control of any HVAC equipment
could be performed either locally at the sensor node or at a remote
location. Also, the sensor devices could be used to control the
lights in and outside the room and building, control the HVAC
controls in and outside the room and building, send signals to or
control the fire alarm and security alarm systems, etc.
[0013] It is also desirable to enable the device to communicate
using any of the standard protocols already in use such as Echelon
LonWorks, CEBus, X10, BACNet, CAN, etc. Some examples of the media
include twisted pair, power line carrier, optical fiber, RF,
coaxial, etc.
[0014] The device thus preferably can transmit data or commands,
receive data or commands, activate and switch local or remote loads
or control devices, use and/or generate real time or relative
readings, be calibrated externally in an automatic self adjusting
way, calibrated externally or via an electronic communications
link. The ability to communicate over a network allows the user or
network manager the flexibility to set light levels, temperature
and humidity levels in the building to desired levels either for
maximizing the energy savings or for the occupants comfort or
convenience or for some combination of the two.
[0015] Additionally, the device preferably is able to minimize or
eliminate effects from its internal circuitry that may interfere
with the temperature reading of the temperature sensor.
[0016] Also, the device preferably has the ability to detect if
there are adverse air flows emanating from the mounting hole in the
wall or other surface which could cause erroneous temperature and
humidity measurements.
[0017] It is desirable if the device is mounted in a location that
is exposed to the air in the environment of the room or area being
monitored. The motion detector transducer and sensor circuit is
preferably mounted in a manner such that it is not exposed to (1)
the air flow from the environment being monitored and (2) the air
flow which may be created when the device is mounted in or on a
hole in the wall. Further, the hole in the wall is often created
when the device is mounted on a wall in a home or office building.
The hole may function to create a chimney effect given the right
conditions. It is thus desirable to mount the temperature sensor in
a way which offers some shielding or insulation from direct
exposure to heating or air ducts as well as any other undesirable
heating or cooling sources such as direct sunlight, fans, HVAC
ducts, etc.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The present invention is a multifunction sensor and
thermostat device that provides various transducer functions and
the ability to control temperature. In particular, the device
comprises a means for performing temperature sensing and control,
humidity sensing, ambient light sensing, motion detection,
switching, relay control, dimming functions and a means to put the
device in an on, off or auto mode. The device can optionally employ
a cool/off/heat and fan on/auto switch that places the heating and
cooling equipment in the appropriate state. Alternatively, it can
perform these functions over the network via software control.
Additionally, the device can also interface with master or slave
thermostats and can turn on and off all types of fans (including
ceiling and tabletop fans), heating units and cooling units. The
device can also be linked to the on/off `kill` switch commonly used
for boilers and hot water heaters. This ensures that the heating
unit stays off in the summer months. Such a device has utility in
environments such as that found in offices, schools, homes,
industrial plants or any other type of automated facility in which
sensors are utilized for energy monitoring and control, end user
convenience or HVAC control.
[0019] Key elements of the present invention include (1) overcoming
the difficulty of mounting diverse sensors or transducers within
the same device or housing, (2) permitting these various sensors to
exist in a single package that can be mounted to a wall in a
substantially flush manner, (3) an embodiment that eliminates the
requirement of an air flow channel in the device, thus minimizing
any adverse effects on the motion detecting element or sensor as
well as providing built in partial hysteresis and practical
latency, and (4) an embodiment that utilizes an air flow channel in
the device for drawing air over a temperature sensor and/or
humidity sensor.
[0020] A prime objective of the present invention is to provide a
flush or surface mounted temperature, humidity and motion detection
sensor in a single device. The device may include additional
transducers or sensors and, in one alternative embodiment, is
constructed such that the temperature and humidity sensors are
neither exposed to the flow of air in a room or area nor in an
airflow channel whereby a chimney effect may occur. To avoid these
conditions from occurring, the temperature and humidity sensing
elements are placed in a cavity that is coupled to the environment.
Thus, the temperature and humidity of the air in the cavity changes
via diffusion with the temperature and humidity in the surrounding
environment. In addition, the temperature and humidity sensing
elements, e.g., passive or active infrared sensor, is mounted so as
to be shielded from exposure to direct sunlight and so as not to be
exposed to a flow of air from the environment being monitored.
[0021] Further, the vents provided for the temperature and humidity
sensing element function as a baffle to provide hysteresis. The
hysteresis provides additional utility for the device in that the
temperature and humidity sensing elements are mounted within,
beneath, part of, or on the housing in such a way that the chimney
effects due to airflow in the wall or from heating or cooling ducts
nearby are reduced or eliminated in a fashion that is similar to a
`smoothing` or softening affect and can be adjusted mechanically
and/or electronically through hardware or software such that the
hysteresis can be `settable` to any achievable value and could even
approach zero hysteresis if desired. Note that the temperature and
humidity sensor modules can be incorporated in a flush mount
device, wall or surface mount device or ceiling device. Further,
since an air channel is not required or used the device can be
mounted flush in a single or multiple gang electrical box.
[0022] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a
means of temperature sensing utilizing multiple technologies
including RTD, PRTD, thermisters, digital temperature sensors, PWM
sensors, silicon sensors, capacitive and polymer sensors, etc. One
or more sensors can be used in the circuits that are coupled to a
microprocessor or microcontroller. The sensor is positioned in a
modular temperature chamber that permits the temperature sensor to
acclimate to the ambient air temperature in the surrounding
environment. Access to the temperature sensor is simply achieved by
removal of a cover or panel without the need for special tools.
[0023] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a
means of humidity sensing utilizing one or more technologies
including the Dunmore Sensor, polymer capacitive type, carbon type,
digital humidity sensors, automatic chilled mirror type sensors,
silicon sensors, oxide and IR hygrometer sensors, etc. One or more
sensors can be used in the circuits that are coupled to a
microprocessor or microcontroller. The sensor is positioned in a
modular temperature chamber that permits the humidity sensor to
acclimate to the ambient air conditions in the surrounding
environment. Access to the humidity sensor is simply achieved by
removal of a cover or panel without the need for special tools.
[0024] The microcontroller is utilized to provide the capability of
transmitting and receiving real time data, relative data and actual
discrete data in addition to switching and controlling loads
locally or remotely. Data can be sent and received from other
devices that are part of the distributed or centralized control
system wherein devices communicate with each other using standard
protocols such as Echelon LonWorks, CEBus, X10, BACNet, CAN, etc.
The media utilized may comprise twisted pair, power line carrier,
RF, optical fiber, coaxial, etc.
[0025] The device also has the capability of self-calibration of
the sensors under either local or remote control. For example, if
the device is exposed to two different known temperatures, then the
equation of a line including the slope and relative offset
connecting the two points can be generated. This procedure can be
performed once and either actual or relative readings can be
calibrated within the operating range of the device. In addition,
points can be recorded and used to provide additional accuracy or
to extend the range of the temperature sensor. Further, a
piece-wise linear, logarithmic or other arithmetic equation and
look up table can be generated which is used to linearize the
accuracy or sensitivity of the temperature sensing element and
associated circuitry and to provide for sensing over a larger
temperature or humidity range. In addition, local test resistors or
potentiometers can be used to adjust the range, sensitivity or
accuracy of the sensor. A similar procedure can be used for
calibration of the humidity sensor.
[0026] Another key element of one alternative embodiment presented
herein, is that the temperature and humidity sensors do not have
airflow channel that permits air to circulate through the sensor
module housing. Rather, the device has a passive alcove or cavity
that acclimates to the ambient air temperature and humidity through
the process of diffusion. In addition, the device incorporates a
vent that permits any heat generated by electronics or components
to escape without adversely affecting the temperature sensor and
passive infrared sensor. In addition, this permits any chimney
effects generated by the hole in the wall to be measured by the
device.
[0027] The device incorporates a temperature sensor transducer and
sensing circuit that is mounted in the sensor device housing in a
location that is exposed to the air in the room but not to air
circulating internally within the device housing. A passive or
active infrared sensor or ultrasonic sensor is also mounted within
the device housing with or without an insulating layer of material
or conformal coating located such that it is not adversely affected
by the venting of heat generating components or the chimney effects
generated by the mounting hole and the vent.
[0028] The device also comprises airflow vents on the top of the
device housing to provide a venting means for any components that
generate heat within the device. These vents also provide airflow
from the mounting hole or the channel between the studs commonly
found behind a wall within a building or wall. This flow of air
provides for additional cooling of heat generating components in
the device and ensures that the temperature and motion detection
sensors are not adversely effected by this airflow.
[0029] Optionally, a sensor could be used to measure this air flow
which could subsequently be used for building maintenance purposes,
i.e., to notify the building owner of the location of air leaks
within the walls of the building. Note that in most buildings,
insulation is placed in the wall of a building to reduce the hot or
cold air losses thus saving utility expenses. In this case, the
device can be used to detect and measure the airflow that occurs in
a wall and notify building personnel that a wall in which the
device is mounted does not have adequate insulation and/or is not
properly sealed. The vents could also be provided on any other
surface of the device including opposite side surfaces or the
bottom of the housing to provide additional or alternate
venting.
[0030] In another embodiment, the device provides airflow channels
that connect vents on the outer surface of the device to the
chamber housing the temperature and humidity sensing elements.
Airflow is directed into the wide vents on the outer surface, over
the temperature and humidity sensing elements and up the channels
to exits from the vent opening on the upper portion of the
device.
[0031] The device also may include provisions for surface wiring
and various types of mounting means. Included as well is an
optional positive screw mounting. The mounting means could be
directly on a wall, on a modular furniture channel or on or in a
single gang wall box. The electrical connections can be made using
flying leads, terminal blocks, binding screws, or an RJ-11 or RJ-45
jack.
[0032] A lens is positioned in front of the infrared detector to
focus infrared radiation and to prevent the ambient air from
entering the device either from the temperature and humidity
chamber or the heat vent. The lens may or may not include
blinders.
[0033] Optionally, the front PC board containing the passive
infrared transducer and the temperature and humidity sensors is
installed using a layer of glue, foam or other gasket material to
isolate the temperature and humidity sensor transducers and the
infiared sensor from the back boards and the air channel created by
the heat vent and the hole in the wall.
[0034] Optionally, two infrared sensing elements can be mounted on
the same side of the printed circuit board. Partitioning of the two
sensors can be performed arbitrarily as long as the passive
infrared sensor is not exposed to erroneous air flows created by a
natural or artificial air channel from the vents in the housing,
the hole in the wall or the vents for the temperature chamber.
Further, the motion sensing transducer is preferably not exposed to
airflow or any other environmental conditions that could cause
adverse behavior to the performance of the device. The temperature
and humidity sensors are isolated with the absence of airflow over
or around the infrared sensor. The housing is constructed such that
it provides a chamber permitting the temperature and humidity to
adjust naturally to the ambient air temperature and humidity to
which it is exposed by the process of diffusion. This is
accomplished by the use of the housing and a cover plate that is
positioned over the temperature and humidity sensing elements. Foam
or insulating material may optionally be used since the temperature
and humidity elements are not in a channel where air is
circulating, but rather is in an alcove chamber that acclimates to
the environment.
[0035] In another optional embodiment, the passive or active
infrared and temperature and humidity sensors are on opposite sides
of the printed circuit board or on different boards such that the
air around the temperature and humidity sensors and the passive or
active infrared sensor are isolated from one another by the nature
of their location.
[0036] The device may incorporate at least one vent on the face of
the device to allow the ambient air outside to acclimate with that
of the temperature and humidity chamber. Thus, the temperature and
humidity sensors may be located centrally behind the vents or
louvers or anywhere within the area. In addition, the sensitivity,
range, response time and accuracy may be adjusted mechanically, via
the use of different housing and vent shapes and materials and also
by electronic means. The vents are also constructed to be a
protective cage for the sensors. Grooves in the plastic and other
means can be used to hold and/or align the sensors as well.
[0037] Further, the device may incorporate adjustable louvers or
vents over the temperature and humidity sensors to create a baffle
or regulator to adjust how quickly or slowly the temperature and
humidity transducers will adjust to the ambient air. Also, the
sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy can be adjusted by
adapting the layout, position and design of the vents or louvers.
It is also within the scope of the invention that mechanical or
electronic means may be provided that open or close shutters on the
vents over the temperature and humidity sensors.
[0038] Optionally, the device may incorporate fixed vents over the
temperature and humidity sensors that create a fixed baffle or
regulator thus determining a fixed means for how quickly or slowly
the temperature and humidity transducers will adjust to the ambient
air. The sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy, however,
can still be adjusted by using different materials, thickness and
shapes and by locating the sensor in different locations and
orientations.
[0039] In another optional embodiment the device does not
incorporate any vents and the temperature sensors is attached to
the cover. In this case, the outside ambient air will be measured
by measuring the inside surface temperature of the cover or plate.
Therefore, the temperature sensing transducer is not directly
exposed to any outside air. Also, the sensitivity, range, response
time and accuracy may be adjusted using different materials,
thickness and shapes and by locating the sensors in different
locations or orientations.
[0040] In yet another optional embodiment of the invention the
device does not incorporate vents and the temperature sensor is
mounted on the surface of the device or in an alcove and exposed
directly to the air. The outside ambient air is measured by
measuring the air temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the
temperature sensing transducer is directly exposed to the outside
air. In addition, the sensitivity, range, response time and
accuracy may be adjusted using different materials, thickness and
shapes and by locating the sensors in different locations or
orientations.
[0041] Also, heat sinks can be added or connected to the sensor
body and/or the leads and brought out of the device so as to
improve the overall temperature response of the transducer and the
device.
[0042] In still another optional embodiment of the invention the
device does not incorporate vents and the temperature sensor
comprises a cover on the device or a portion of the cover of the
device and exposed directly to the air. The temperature-sensing
element can also be either predominately outside, part of a cover
or inside a cover of the device. This allows for very thin sensing
materials to be used that are placed directly on the surface of the
device, embedded in the layers of the cover of the device or
predominately located on the inside portion of the cover of the
device. The outside ambient air temperature is measured by
measuring the air temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the
temperature sensing transducer is directly exposed to the outside
air.
[0043] In addition, the sensitivity, range, response time and
accuracy may be adjusted using different materials, thickness and
shapes and by locating the sensors in different locations or
orientations. Although the temperature sensing element and housing
can take on various forms, some of the types are enclosed. A
software algorithm can be optionally employed which functions to
correct the hysteresis by adjusting the actual temperature reading
and hence approximating the theoretical response of a highly
calibrated thermocouple. Additionally, the algorithm can employ
programmed undershoots, overshoots, delays, amplitude shifts and a
variety of other signal manipulations.
[0044] Additionally, since the temperature sensor may be exposed to
the open air, a `fast change algorithm` can be employed which
functions to recognize a rapid rate of change of temperature at the
sensor, e.g., more than 15 degrees per. 10 seconds or
alternatively, that the slope, i.e., rate of change, of the
temperature reading relative to time is greater or less than some
absolute value. The rapid temperature change may either be due to
someone placing their finger on the sensor, applying a heat gun,
applying a cold compress or may be due to flames from a fire. The
software routine, in response to the detection of a rapid rate of
change in temperature, can either send a warning message over the
network or ignore the change in temperature, regarding it as an
artificial heat/cold source. The device can be programmed to
respond either way, i.e., sending temperature data over the network
and having it acted upon or internally filtering it out and
ignoring it.
[0045] Also, hardware and software can be employed to increase the
sensitivity and accuracy of certain temperature and humidity
ranges. For example, consider the temperature sensor circuitry
having a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees. Also, assume it is
broken into segments that are piecewise linear, logarithmic or
represented by some other mathematical relationship. For example,
one range spans from 0 to 15 degrees C., another from 15 to 30
degrees C. and the last from 30 to 50 degrees C.
[0046] To achieve increased accuracy within a span, for example,
the 15 to 30 degree range, a user would select this range over the
network and software means would provide greater resolution in that
particular range while sacrificing some resolution in the other
ranges. This allows for users to choose a certain temperature range
to be processed at a higher accuracy and the other ranges to be
monitored using less accuracy. This can be implemented via software
and/or hardware by utilizing two different circuits, each having
different accuracy's for the thermistor and different gains for the
electronics.
[0047] In another embodiment the cover over the temperature and
humidity sensors is removable. The cover can be adapted to either
require or not require a tool for removal. Alternatively, the cover
can be fixably attached to the device. In either embodiment, the
temperature and humidity sensing transducers and/or other
components of the sensing circuits are in a socket which permits
replacement with another transducer or component with different
parameters. In addition, any local components such as
potentiometers, switches, etc. requiring adjustment can be
accessed, adjusted or changed.
[0048] In one embodiment of the invention the software may be
adapted to adjust the sensitivity, response time, accuracy, range,
etc. of the temperature and humidity sensor elements and associated
circuitries. In another embodiment, at least one air vent is
provided which exposes both sides of the back PC board to the
potential airflow generated when electrical components generate
heat. In addition, the temperature and humidity chamber may be
located in different parts of the device such as centrally or at
the top or bottom.
[0049] The device may be mounted using a variety of means. These
include various mounting plate variations including mounting in a
single or multiple gang box, mounting on or in the hole of a
modular furniture channel, raceway, or being hung from underneath a
fluorescent or incandescent fixture that is mounted on the desk,
wall, floor or modular furniture and mounting on any other suitable
surface. In addition, the device contains `mouse holes` which allow
surface wiring to exit the device.
[0050] Another mounting option includes a hinged mounting bracket
that permits the device to be mounted and electrically connected
relatively easily. The mounting means uses either a positive
locking screw or a snap fit. The positive locking screw option
makes the device more tamperproof. The snap fit option provides a
more aesthetically pleasing package.
[0051] Another optional feature is the use of a press to release
button to allow for the device to be easily removed from the wall.
This allows for the device with its lighting and temperature sensor
and controls to be removed from its fixed position on the wall and
moved freely about the room. It can be placed in a more desirable
location or can be used as a remote control as well as a regular
wall mounted or table top switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat as
well as to adjust and control all natural and artificial lighting,
temperature and humidity devices.
[0052] The multi-sensor device of the present invention forms part
of the network control system and generally comprises the following
basic elements: (1) user interface and controls, (2) power supply
and media connections, (3) communications media and protocol (4)
load switching or dimming elements and (5) one or more sensor
inputs.
[0053] Additionally, functions can be performed which include some
type of annunciation either by sound by using a buzzer or by sight
by employing LEDs or controlling the lights in the room. For
example, if the smoke detector transducer detects a fire, a buzzer
could perform local annunciation. Alternatively, it could
illuminate a visual indication or act as a `notification
appliance,` e.g., specially designed lights, LEDs, etc. for people
that are hearing impaired. Also, a signal can be sent to a control
unit or lamp actuator to flash one or more lights in the event that
fire is detected for the benefit of the hearing impaired.
[0054] The power supply component for some of the devices in the
system may include means to operate from 100 to 347 VAC. This type
of device supplies a nominal output voltage between 8 and 26 VDC
and 8 to 24 VAC. Alternatively, the device may omit a power supply
that converts utility power but rather is adapted to receive power
from another device that does incorporate a power supply that
operates from 100 to 347 VAC. The means for distributing the
electrical power to other devices could be accomplished via any
suitable means including twisted pair cabling, electrical power
line cables or any other power carrying media.
[0055] Another key feature of the system is a communications media
and protocol that together form a communications network allowing
messages to be communicated (1) between devices within the system
and (2) between devices located within the system and devices
located external to the system. The messages comprise, among other
things, commands for controlling and/or monitoring signals. These
messages could be tightly coupled, loosely coupled or of a macro
broadcast nature. In addition, they may be one way simplex, half or
full duplex bi-directional, with established priorities or without.
The network communications medium may comprise, for example,
twisted pair Category 5 cabling, coaxial cabling, a standard POTS
line, power line carrier, optical fiber, RF or infrared. The medium
may be common or it may be shared with the possibility of requiring
the use of gateways, routing devices or any other appropriate
network device for carrying data signals.
[0056] Depending on the type of network medium in use in the
system, the devices within the system include, within their
housings, a slot that allows for the connection of a bus
terminator. The bus terminator is typically an RC network that is
connected to the device and serves to mechanically as well as
electrically connect the device to the network communication line,
e.g., twisted pair, coaxial, optical fiber, etc.
[0057] Thus, the system is able to communicate to devices within
the system to provide intrasystem control and monitoring as well as
to communicate outside the system to provide intersystem control
and monitoring. Data and/or commands are received and transmitted,
real time relative readings can be received and transmitted,
devices can be calibrated externally in an automatic self adjusting
way or via a communication link over the network.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0058] The invention is herein described, by way of example only,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0059] FIG. 1 is a front view illustration of a first embodiment of
the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating
PIR, temperature, humidity and ambient light sensors, thermostat
control and a single switch;
[0060] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustration of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention shown in FIG.
1;
[0061] FIG. 3 is a front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat
unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers
removed;
[0062] FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustration of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention with the upper and
lower covers removed;
[0063] FIG. 5A is a perspective view illustrating the upper portion
of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor
blinds are in the open position;
[0064] FIG. 5B is a cross sectional view illustrating the upper
portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the
PIR sensor blinds are in the open position;
[0065] FIG. 6A is a perspective view illustrating the upper portion
of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor
blinds are in the closed position;
[0066] FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view illustrating the upper
portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the
PIR sensor blinds are in the closed position;
[0067] FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the temperature
and humidity sensors and associated pedestal, housing and cover in
more detail;
[0068] FIG. 8A is a perspective view illustrating the temperature
and humidity sensor pedestal in more detail;
[0069] FIG. 8B is a side cross section view of the temperature and
humidity sensor pedestal;
[0070] FIG. 9 is a front view illustration of a second embodiment
of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention
incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in
place;
[0071] FIG. 10 is a front view illustration of a third embodiment
of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention
incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in
place;
[0072] FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustration of a fourth
embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention,
a surface mount sensor/thermostat unit incorporating a single
switch and having the upper and lower covers in place;
[0073] FIG. 12 is a front view illustration of a fifth embodiment
of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention
incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in an air flow
chamber, air flow channels, thermostat functions and a single
switch;
[0074] FIG. 13 is a front view illustration of the
sensor/thermostat unit of FIG. 12 with the switch cover plate
removed;
[0075] FIG. 14 is a rear view illustration of the sensor/thermostat
unit of FIG. 12 showing the embedded air flow channels for
channeling air over the temperature and humidity sensors;
[0076] FIG. 15 is a front view illustration of a sixth embodiment
of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention
incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in a diffusion
chamber, thermostat functions and a single switch;
[0077] FIG. 16 is a front view illustration of the
sensor/thermostat unit of FIG. 15 with the switch cover plate
removed;
[0078] FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustration of a seventh
embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention
incorporating a display, dimming brighten/dim control, temperature
control and temperature/room brightness display;
[0079] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating the
multifunction sensor and control unit of the present invention;
[0080] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating the motion
sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more
detail;
[0081] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ambient
light sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit
in more detail;
[0082] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature
sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in
more detail;
[0083] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating the humidity
sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in
more detail;
[0084] FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating the communications
transceiver portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more
detail;
[0085] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relay driver
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more
detail;
[0086] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ballast
dimming circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in
more detail;
[0087] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the dimming
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more
detail;
[0088] FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating the software portion
of the multi-sensor unit in more detail;
[0089] FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between
the actual and measured lux versus light intensity;
[0090] FIG. 29 is a flow diagram illustrating the read temperature
sensor portion of the software in more detail;
[0091] FIGS. 30A and 30B are a flow diagram illustrating the
process temperature value portion of the software in more
detail;
[0092] FIG. 31 is a flow diagram illustrating the set point
adjustment portion of the software in more detail;
[0093] FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating the thermostat
portion of the software in more detail; and
[0094] FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating the fast change
portion of the software in more detail.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Notation Used Throughout
[0095] The following notation is used throughout this document.
1 Term Definition AC Alternating Current BACNet Building Automation
and Control Network (a data communication protocol) CAN Controller
Area Network CEBus Consumer Electronics Bus CO Carbon Monoxide
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EIA
Electronic Industries Association HVAC Heating Ventilation Air
Conditioning IR Infrared LED Light Emitting Diode PC Printed
Circuit PIR Passive Infrared POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PRTD
Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector PWM Pulse Width Modulation
RAM Random Access Memory RC Resister/Capacitor RF Radio Frequency
ROM Read Only Memory RTD Resistance Temperature Detector SNVT
Standard Network Variable Type
General Description
[0096] The present invention comprises a multifunction sensor and
control device incorporating a plurality of sensors, one or more
switches, a switching dimming or 0-10 V dimming control and a
thermostat function. The sensors comprise a motion detector,
temperature sensor, humidity sensor and ambient light sensor. The
motion detector may comprise any suitable type of device capable of
detecting motion such as PIR, ultrasonic or microwave. The
temperature sensor is exposed to the surrounding air via one of two
ways: (1) being located within air flow channel set up within the
device or (2) being located within a chamber sealed off from the
rest of the device but exposed to the surrounding air via
diffusion. In one embodiment, the passive infrared device used for
motion detection is isolated from the air circulating for the
purpose of temperature measurement by the use of a lens surrounding
the motion detector. In addition, the temperature sensor is placed
within a chamber isolated from the motion detector.
[0097] The temperature and motion detection sensors may reside on
the same or opposite sides of a PC board. If they reside on the
same side a partition isolates the two transducers since the
temperature sensor is required to have airflow while the passive
infrared sensor should not.
[0098] In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature and
humidity sensors are in an air channel or exposed to airflow, i.e.,
there is a separate entrance and exit of air having an associated
speed, direction and force. In another embodiment of the invention,
no airflow channels are utilized. In this embodiment, the device
employs the concept of temperature diffusion with natural or
artificial hysteresis by being exposed to the ambient air and
changing in a deliberately slower and lagging manner. This
necessitates that no air channel or flow exists from one end of the
device to the other.
[0099] This embodiment does not require the channeled circulation
or flow of air over the temperature sensor that can be analogized
to the water flow in an aqueduct that flows in a directional manner
with varying directions, speeds and volumes. This embodiment, on
the other hand, measures temperature in a tidal fashion similar to
the way the water in an ocean or harbor moves in and out from the
shore. In other words, in one case air is flowing in a channel from
one point to another similar to the way water flows in an aqueduct.
In the case of this particular embodiment, the air moves in and out
of the same opening like that of the rise and fall of the water in
a harbor wherein the point of entry and exit for the air is the
same.
[0100] The phenomenon can also be described as the process of
diffusion involving the intermingling of air molecules from outside
the device and that of the air around the temperature sensor.
Therefore, the temperature sensor and the passive infrared sensor
could reside on the same or opposite sides of the PC board. The
temperature and passive infrared elements, however, are required to
be isolated from any erroneous air flow channels that may be
present which could affect the accuracy of the measurements. Thus,
the present invention provides a practical solution allowing
temperature sensing and PIR motion sensing to reside in the same
housing in a device that can be mounted in a single gang box.
[0101] A front view illustration of a first embodiment of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating PIR,
temperature, humidity and ambient light sensors, thermostat control
and a single switch is shown in FIG. 1. The device, generally
referenced 10, comprises a housing 14 connected to a mounting plate
12 via one or more fasteners through apertures 35. The housing 14
comprises an aperture covered by a lens or window 16. The aperture
is used to house an occupancy sensor, e.g., passive infrared sensor
(PIR). Note that the occupancy sensor may comprise one or more PIR
detectors, e.g., dual PIR detectors.
[0102] An upper cover 18, which may or may not be removable, is
positioned below the motion detection element lens 16. Making the
cover 18 removable permits access to adjusting levers or blinds
within the device that can be used to adjust the field of view of
the PIR detectors in the device.
[0103] Below the cover 18 is a display 41 for displaying
information such as temperature, status, commands or other type of
data including but not limited to the time of day including whether
it is AM or PM and a timer display letting the occupant know when
the lights will time out. The display may comprise any suitable
display type such as LCD, LED, plasma, etc and may or may not be
backlit. Below the display 41 are two buttons 43 for inputting
information into the device 10. One button is configured as an up
arrow and the other button is configured as a down arrow. These
buttons could be used for example to set the desired temperature
using the thermostat feature of the present invention.
[0104] A lower cover 28 functioning as a switch cover or plate
having a raised bar portion 32 is located below the display 41 and
up/down arrow buttons 43. The switch is used to control a logical
load that the device is bound to or one of the internal load
switching or dimming elements. The logical load comprises one or
more physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to
the control device connected to the load to be switched. The
message is interpreted and the control device carries out any
required action. Note that the switch in this and all embodiments
disclosed herein may comprise any suitable switch including but not
limited to a mechanical pushbutton type switch, electrical rocker
type switch, mechanical rocker type switch and an electronic switch
such as a touch plate or screen.
[0105] An aperture 26 is located within the switch cover 28 and may
optionally include a transparent or translucent window or light
pipe therewithin. The aperture 26 provides visual access to a
visual indicator such as an LED. The visual indicator is used to
provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status
of the bound logical electrical load or the status of occupancy as
determined by the PIR sensor. The aperture 26 also provides a light
path for an optional ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor
measures the ambient light level that may be used in determining
the intensity of light to provide in the surrounding area.
[0106] The device 10 also comprises a switch 30 that provides the
user a means for placing the device into one or more modes.
Typically, the switch 30 comprises three positions: ON, AUTO and
OFF. The ON position turns the logical load on regardless of other
inputs, the AUTO position lets the load be controlled by one or
more sensor inputs and the OFF position turns the load off
regardless of the state of the sensor inputs.
[0107] The device 10 also incorporates an aperture, vent or grill
22 that functions to allow air to diffuse through to an inner
chamber housing the temperature sensor 48 and humidity sensor
49.
[0108] Apertures 33 at the top and bottom of the mounting plate 12
provide a means by which the device may be installed in a single or
multiple gang wallbox. Apertures are also included to permit a
cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the device after it is
installed in a wallbox.
[0109] When the device 10 is installed, for example in a wall, the
hole in the wall required for the passage of wiring can either blow
or suck air due to the chimney effect. The housing comprises
openings in specific places, e.g., only on the top, so as to direct
any potential airflow through an area that will not impact the
operation of the electronic circuitry. If openings are placed on
the top and bottom or not provided at all, this causes air to find
its way in or out of the device through incidental openings in the
face. This would cause air to flow over the electronic circuitry
thus giving false readings, positive or negative.
[0110] A perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat
unit of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. A
large portion of the housing 14 is shown including the fasteners 35
for connecting the mounting plate 12 onto the housing 14. Shown are
the occupancy sensor lens 16, upper cover 18 permitting access to
the adjustable blinders within, display 41, up/down buttons 43,
switch cover 28 including raised bar 32 and light pipe 26, vent or
aperture 22 for permitting the diffusion of air to the temperature
and humidity sensors and apertures 33 for affixing the device in
single or multiple gang wallbox. Note that in this view, the
on/auto/off switch 30 is not visible.
[0111] A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of
the present invention with the upper and lower covers removed is
shown in FIG. 3. The device is shown with the upper cover 18 having
been removed from the housing 14. Visible now are the housing panel
50 and left and right adjusting levers 44, 46, respectively. Also
shown are the mounting plate 12, mounting holes 33, PIR detector
lens 16, display 41, up/down buttons 43, grill aperture 22,
humidity sensor 49, temperature sensor 48, fasteners 35 and mode
switch 30. As with the upper cover, the lower cover or switch cover
28 has been removed revealing the housing panel 50 and a series of
indicators and switches. A visual indicator 31 such as an LED and
an ambient light sensor 37 are located behind the aperture 26 in
the switch cover 28 such that light is able to reach the ambient
light sensor and the LED is visible from the outside.
[0112] Also shown is the tactile momentary switch 39 that is
actuated by the switch cover 28 when pressed by a user, a visual
indicator 40, e.g., LED, functioning as a LonWorks status LED and a
momentary switch 42 that functions as a LonWorks service request
pin.
[0113] The blinders themselves are located behind the housing panel
50. The adjusting levers 44, 46, however, extend beyond the surface
of the housing panel 50 so as to be accessible to a user. The
blinders can be adjusted by moving the adjusting levers left or
right along a linear path in the housing panel 50.
[0114] A perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat
unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers
removed is shown in FIG. 4. The removable upper cover 18 is shown
oriented in a removed position from the device 10. Tabs 25 on
either side of the cover 18 secure it to the housing 14. The
removable lower cover or switch cover 28 is also shown oriented in
a removed position from the device 10. Pivots 23 on the top portion
of both sides of the switch cover secure it to the housing 14. The
pivot notches mate with corresponding mounting points in the
housing panel 50. The switch cover 28 is shown also with the
aperture 26 and press bar 32. LEDs 31, 40, ambient light sensor 37
and switches 39, 42 are also shown on housing panel 50.
[0115] Located in the lower portion of the device 10 is the vent
grill 22 having openings to permit the temperature and humidity
sensors to contact the surrounding air. The inner chamber formed
within the device behind the grill is adapted so that it seals off
the temperature and humidity sensors from the inner space between
the housing panel 50 and the inner area of the device.
[0116] The grill 22 is shown with openings that are in a vertical
fashion. Note, however, that they may be positioned horizontally,
vertically or at any angle. The angle of the vent openings,
however, could affect the response of the temperature and humidity
sensing elements by allowing either a more rapid rate of change or
a slower rate of change based upon the size, quantity, angle and
shape of the openings. This change in the architecture of the vent
22 can be compensated for in the hardware and/or software of the
device. The optimum design for maximum performance depends on the
given application and desired temperature and humidity changes per
time period.
[0117] A perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the
sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds
are in the open position is shown in FIG. 5A. The adjusting levers
44, 46 are shown in their widest open position, i.e., the adjusting
levers are positioned closest to the housing panel 50. In this
position, the PIR detectors are exposed to the largest area through
the lens 16. An illustration of the cross sectional cut 51 is shown
in FIG. 5B. The dual PIR detectors 60, 62 are fastened to a
mounting block 63, which in turn is fixed to the printed circuit
board 61. The lens 16 is fixed to the housing 14. The housing 14 is
fastened to the mounting plate 12.
[0118] A partition or separating wall 76 functions to separate the
radiation falling on the two detectors 60, 62, reducing
interference effects as well as providing mechanical support in the
event a foreign object is pressed against the lens. Two blinders
45, 47 functions to adjust the amount of radiation falling on the
detectors 60, 62. Blinder 45 comprises an elongated shutter section
74 supported by a lower wall 66 and an upper wall (not shown) and a
cylindrical stud or pivot 70. Similarly, blinder 47 comprises an
elongated shutter section 72 supported by a lower wall 64 and an
upper wall (not shown) and a cylindrical stud 68. The shutters are
pivotally mounted to permit the blinders to be opened and closed.
The blinders pivot on an axis formed by the cylindrical studs 68,
70.
[0119] The blinders may be curved and are preferably constructed of
a material that does not pass the signal the detectors are adapted
to respond to. The shutter sections may comprise a natural or
synthetic rubber, thermoset or thermoplastic material or any other
suitable molded or machinable material. The material used is
preferably moldable plastic.
[0120] A perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the
sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds
are in the closed position is shown in FIG. 6A. The adjusting
levers 44, 46 are shown in their narrowest closed position, i.e.,
the adjusting levers are positioned furthest away from the housing
panel 50. In this position, the PIR detectors are exposed to the
smallest area through the lens 16. An illustration of the cross
sectional cut 53 is shown in FIG. 6B. The blinders 45, 47 are shown
in their most closed position. In this position, the largest amount
of radiation coming through the lens 16 is blocked from falling on
the detectors 60, 62.
[0121] Note that each of the blinders 45, 47 is independently
adjustable so that the angles that each blinder is set to may be
equal or unequal. To narrow the field of view of the detectors, the
blinders 45, 47 are rotated towards the partition 76. Vice versa,
to broaden the field of view of the detectors, the blinders 45, 47
are rotated away from the partition 76. A more detailed description
of the operation and construction of the blinders and the housing
may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,753, entitled Detector System
With Adjustable Field Of View, similarly assigned and incorporated
herein by reference.
[0122] The mounting of the temperature sensor within the housing
will now be described in more detail. A perspective view
illustrating the temperature and humidity sensors and associated
pedestal, housing and cover in more detail is shown in FIG. 7.
[0123] For clarity sake, a cutaway drawing is shown focusing on the
grill and temperature sensor assembly wherein the majority of the
device has been omitted. The plurality of electrical leads 90 from
the temperature sensor 48 are mounted on the PC board 80 via
soldering or other means. The temperature sensor is mounted on a
cylindrically shaped pedestal 82 that extends from the surface of
the PC board to the base of the sensor 48. The electrical leads 90
of the temperature sensor 48 are inserted into corresponding
openings on the upper surface of the pedestal 82. The circular
cutout in the housing panel 50 is constructed to snugly fit around
the diameter of the pedestal 82. An upper wall 83 is provided that
extends from the housing panel 50 to the outer cover. The upper
wall helps to seal the temperature sensor from the rest of the
device.
[0124] In accordance with the present invention, the outer cover,
upper wall 83, housing panel 50 and pedestal 82 are constructed and
positioned so as to seal off the temperature sensor from the rest
of the device. Thus, an air chamber is formed in which the sensor
is positioned which permits air from outside the device to diffuse
through the vent 22 to the sensor 48. Thus, the sensor is not
exposed to any internal air channels that may be present and is
separated from the PIR detectors so that they do not interfere with
one another.
[0125] The pedestal will now be described in more detail. A
perspective view illustrating the temperature and humidity sensor
pedestal in more detail is shown in FIG. 8A. A side cross section
view of the temperature and humidity sensor pedestal is shown in
FIG. 8B.
[0126] As described above, the pedestal 82 functions to support the
temperature sensor 48 at a height above the PC board and also
functions to environmentally isolate the sensor from the interior
of the device.
[0127] The pedestal comprises a cylindrical body 100 and has a
hollow interior. One end of the body 100 is closed off thus forming
an upper portion. The upper portion comprises a substantially flat
surface 94 with a plurality of apertures 96 therewithin. The flat
surface 94 is recessed and adapted to mate with the bottom surface
of the temperature sensor and is shaped in accordance therewith.
Surrounding the flat portion is a circular raised rid ge 98
extending around the entire circumference of the pedestal. A
circular lip 93 is formed between the ridge 98 and the outer wall
of the body 100.
[0128] The pedestal is positioned such that the lip 93 sits flush
against the interior edge of the housing panel 50 (see FIG. 7). The
ridge 98 is adapted to fit snuggly within the inner diameter of the
cutout in the housing panel. Thus, the pedestal functions to seal
the sensor from air circulating within the device between the PC
board 80 and the housing panel 50. It is important to note that
other shapes for the temperature sensor are also possible other
than the one shown here. Regardless of the type or shape of the
sensor, the upper surface portion of the pedestal should be adapted
to mate with the sensor to enclose it thus substantially forming a
seal around the bottom portion of the sensor as shown herein.
[0129] A second embodiment of the multi-sensor device will now be
presented. The first embodiment discussed above, incorporated
multiple sensors and a thermostat function with a single switch.
The second embodiment presented herein incorporates two switches. A
front view illustration of a second embodiment of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating two
switches and having the upper and lower covers in place is shown in
FIG. 9. The device, generally referenced 110, is similar to device
10 of FIG. 1 with the difference being that two switches are
included rather than one. This embodiment is useful when it is
desired to control two separate logical loads from a single device
in on/off fashion.
[0130] The device comprises a mounting plate 12, housing 14, lens
16 for the PIR detectors, a removable cover 18, display 41, up and
down buttons 43 and grill 22 permitting air to diffuse through to
the temperature sensor 48 and humidity sensor 49. A first switch
cover 122 and a second switch cover 124 are provided having
optional raised bumps 127 to help users distinguish the two
switches from each other by way of tactile feel, such as when
operating the switch in low light or darkness. Also shown are the
mode switch 30 which can be placed in an on, auto or off positions
and the light pipe 126 which provides a light path to an internal
LED or other light source and an ambient light sensor.
[0131] A third embodiment also splits the switch cover 28 (FIG. 1)
into two separate covers as the device of FIG. 9. A front view
illustration of a third embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of
the present invention incorporating two switches and having the
upper and lower covers in place is shown in FIG. 10. The device of
FIG. 10, however, provides a dimmer function for one or more
electrical loads. The switch cover 123, when pressed, functions to
brighten the load as indicated by the up arrow 129 and conversely,
when the switch cover 125 is pressed, the load is dimmed, as
indicated by the down arrow 121.
[0132] Similar to the device of FIG. 9, the device comprises a
mounting plate 12, housing 14, lens 16 for the PIR detectors, a
removable cover 18, display 41, up and down buttons 43 and grill 22
permitting air to diffuse through to the temperature sensor 48 and
humidity sensor 49. Also shown are the mode switch 30 which can be
placed in an on, auto or off positions and the light pipe 126 which
provides a light path to an internal LED or other light source and
an ambient light sensor.
[0133] A fourth embodiment comprises a sensor unit similar to that
of FIGS. 1 and 2 but suitable for mounting on a surface of a wall.
A perspective view illustration of a fourth embodiment of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention, a surface mount
sensor/thermostat unit incorporating a single switch and having the
upper and lower covers in place is shown in FIG. 11. The device,
generally referenced 400, comprises a surface mount housing 402 and
can be mounted to a wall box. The features and functionality of the
device 400 are similar to those of device 10 (FIG. 1) and have been
described hereinabove. Note that corresponding elements have been
given the same reference numerals to aid the reader in
understanding the invention.
[0134] A front view illustration of a fifth embodiment of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating
temperature and humidity sensors in an air flow chamber, air flow
channels, thermostat functions and a single switch is shown in FIG.
12. This device, generally referenced 410, comprises a housing and
front face portion 412. The face portion includes a display 414 for
displaying information such as temperature, status, commands or
other type of data. The display may comprise any suitable display
type such as LCD, LED, plasma, etc. Below the display 414 are two
buttons 416 for inputting information into the device 410. One
button is configured as an up arrow and the other button is
configured as a down arrow. These buttons could be used for example
to set the desired temperature using the thermostat feature of the
present invention.
[0135] A slide switch 417 is provided for selecting between cool,
heat or off. An additional slide switch 419 is employed on the
other side of the display 414 that functions to allow the fan
controls to be placed in an AUTO or ON state. Both slide switches
are optional. If the device 450 functions as a master thermostat
then it is desirable to have the slide switches. On the other hand,
if the device 450 is in an office environment, for example, it may
not be desirable to have the slide switches.
[0136] Another optional feature is the use of a press to release
button (not shown) to allow for the device to be easily removed
from the wall. This allows for the device with its lighting and
temperature sensor and controls to be removed from its fixed
position on the wall and moved freely about the room. It can be
placed in a more desirable location or can be used as a remote
control as well as a regular wall mounted or table top switch or
dimmer, sensor or thermostat as well as to adjust and control all
natural and artificial lighting, temperature and humidity
devices.
[0137] Artificial devices include all type of conventional HVAC
cooling and heating devices. Natural devices include but are not
limited to such devices as ceiling fans, windows, window shades,
skylights, etc., i.e., devices other than conventional HVAC
devices.
[0138] A switch 420 is located below the display 414 and up/down
arrow buttons 416. The switch is used to control a logical load
that the device is bound to. The logical load comprises one or more
physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to the
control device connected to the load to be switched. The message is
interpreted and the control device carries out any required action.
On either side of the upper portion of the switch 420 is a vent
opening 422 that leads to an inner air flow channel running
downwardly to the chamber behind the grill 426.
[0139] A visual indicator 424 such as an LED or light bar is
positioned below the switch 420. The visual indicator is used to
provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status
of the logically bound electrical load. The device 410 also
incorporates an aperture grill or vent 426 located below the LED
424. The vent 426 functions to allow air to diffuse through to an
inner chamber housing the temperature sensor 430 and humidity
sensor 428. The chamber is connected via air channels within the
device that run up inside the face cover 412 of the device and exit
through the vent openings 422 situated on either side of the switch
420.
[0140] The device 410 also comprises a switch (not shown) that
provides the user a means for placing the device into one or more
modes. The switch may include two modes: OFF and AUTO. The AUTO
position lets the load be controlled by one or more sensor inputs
and the OFF position turns the load off regardless of the state of
the sensor inputs.
[0141] Apertures 421 at the top and bottom of side face extensions
418 provide a means by which the face cover 412 device may be
fastened to a housing, the housing being adapted to be installed in
a single or multiple gang wallbox. Apertures (not shown) are also
included to permit a cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the
device after it is installed in a wallbox.
[0142] Note that the use of air channels in this embodiment of the
invention, precludes the incorporation of PIR motion detection
sensors in the device due to the problems associated with obtaining
false readings of the PIR sensors. The problems arise due to the
channeled air flowing near the PIR sensing elements. In addition,
this embodiment may or may not comprise an ambient light sensor.
The device 410 shown in FIG. 12 does not show one, however, an
ambient light sensor may be placed behind the grill 426 or behind
the switch cover 420 using a translucent window to permit light
from outside the device to reach the ambient light sensor.
[0143] A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of
FIG. 12 with the switch cover plate 420 removed is shown in FIG.
13. The area 432 behind the switch cover 420 houses a plurality of
switches and visual indicators. A tactile momentary switch 434 is
mechanically coupled to the switch cover 420 when it is in place. A
user actuates the switch 434 by pressing on the switch cover 420. A
visual indicator 438, e.g., LED, functions as a LonWorks service
status LED, i.e., node status indication. LEDs 424 and 438 may
optionally be different colors such as red for LED 424 and yellow
for LED 438. A momentary switch 440 functions as a combination
LonWorks compatible service request/go unconfigured button. A
switch 436 functions as an off/auto button.
[0144] The off/auto button 436 is used to place the device 410 into
the off state or the auto state. In the off state, the device
ceases to respond to sensor input including switch closures and
will not transmit messages onto the network to other devices. When
the device is in the auto state, it responds to sensor input and to
switch closures and transmits messages to other nodes on the
network.
[0145] The service request/go unconfigured button 440 performs two
functions. When the service request/go unconfigured button 440 is
pressed momentarily, e.g., for one second, the device 410 performs
normal service pin functions. However, when the service request/go
unconfigured button 440 is pressed for more than a certain period
of time, e.g., six seconds, the device will be placed into the
unconfigured state. Thus, a user may issue a command to the device,
via the button 440 that functions as an input means, telling it to
enter the unconfigured state. The software controlling the button
can be adapted to not place the device in the unconfigured state if
the command is continuously present without interruption at the
input means. The operation of the go unconfigured feature is
described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/080,916,
filed May 18, 1998, entitled "Apparatus For And Method Of Placing A
Node In An Unconfigured State," incorporated herein by
reference.
[0146] A rear view illustration of the face of the
sensor/thermostat unit of FIG. 12 showing the embedded air flow
channels for channeling air over the temperature and humidity
sensors is shown in FIG. 14. The rear side of the face cover 412
comprises an air channel 442 grooved into the face cover that
extends from the vent openings 422 downward along the outer edges
of the switch cover to the hollowed out chamber area 444 that lies
behind the grill 426. In operation, air enters the device 410 via
the larger grill openings, over the temperature and humidity
sensors, up the air channels 442 and out the vents 422. The
channels 442 and the entire airflow chamber can be completely
enclosed in the plastic frame or may also use a combination of the
printed circuit board, housing, gaskets and other elements to
create an air flow channel.
[0147] A front view illustration of a sixth embodiment of the
sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating
temperature and humidity sensors in a diffusion chamber, thermostat
functions and a single switch is shown in FIG. 15. In this
embodiment, the device, generally referenced 450, comprises an air
diffusion chamber to expose the temperature and humidity sensors to
the surrounding air, rather than the air channels of the device 410
of FIG. 12.
[0148] The device 450 is similar to that of the device of FIG. 12
with the removal of the vent openings and the widening of the
switch cover. In particular, the device 450 comprises a housing and
front face portion 452. The face portion includes a display 454 for
displaying information such as temperature, status, commands or
other type of data. Below the display 454 are two buttons 456 for
inputting information into the device 450. One button is configured
as an up arrow and the other button is configured as a down arrow.
These buttons could be used for example to set the desired
temperature using the thermostat feature of the present
invention.
[0149] A slide switch 457 is provided for selecting between cool,
heat or off. An additional slide switch 459 is employed on the
other side of the display 454 that functions to allow the fan
controls to be placed in an AUTO or ON state. Both slide switches
are optional. If the device 450 functions as a master thermostat
then it is desirable to have the slide switches. On the other hand,
if the device 450 is in an office environment, for example, it may
not be desirable to have the slide switches.
[0150] A switch 462 is located below the display 454 and up/down
arrow buttons 456. The switch is used to control a logical load
that the device is bound to. The logical load comprises one or more
physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to the
control device connected to the load to be switched. The message is
interpreted and the control device carries out any required
action.
[0151] A visual indicator 464 such as an LED or light bar is
positioned below the switch 462. The visual indicator is used to
provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status
of the bound logical electrical load. The device 450 also
incorporates an aperture grill or vent 466 is located below the LED
464. The vent 466 functions to allow air to diffuse through to an
inner chamber housing the temperature sensor 470 and humidity
sensor 468.
[0152] Apertures 460 at the top and bottom of side face extensions
458 provide a means by which the face cover 452 device may be
fastened to a housing, the housing being adapted to be installed in
a single or multiple gang wallbox. Apertures (not shown) are also
included to permit a cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the
device after it is installed in a wallbox.
[0153] Note that this embodiment may or may not comprise an ambient
light sensor. The device 450 shown in FIG. 15 does not show one,
however, an ambient light sensor may be placed behind the grill 466
or behind the switch cover 462 using a translucent window to permit
light from outside the device to reach the ambient light
sensor.
[0154] A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of
FIG. 15 with the switch cover plate 460 removed is shown in FIG.
16. The area 472 behind the switch cover 462 houses a plurality of
switches and visual indicators. Situated within the area 472 are a
tactile momentary switch 474, a visual indicator 476, e.g., LED,
which functions as a LonWorks service status LED, i.e., node status
indication, a momentary switch 478 which functions as a combination
LonWorks compatible service request/go unconfigured button and a
switch 480 which functions as an off/auto button. The operation of
switches 474, 478, 480 and LED 476 is identical to those of
switches 434, 440, 436 and LED 438, respectively, of FIG. 13 as
described in detail hereinabove.
[0155] A perspective view illustration of a seventh embodiment of
the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating a
display, dimming brighten/dim control, temperature control and
temperate/room brightness display is shown in FIG. 17. This is
another alternative for the face cover portion that may be
incorporated into the multi-sensor device of the present invention.
The device, generally referenced 130, is shown installed with a
cover plate in a single gang wallbox. The elements visible comprise
a cover plate 140 that surrounds the device, an up/down dimming
control 134, a temperature display 138, a brightness display 136
and a grill 135 for a temperature sensor and/or humidity sensor
located between them. The grill 135 is similar in construction and
function to grill 22 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and described
hereinabove.
[0156] The temperature display 138 is shown in degrees Fahrenheit
but can be also displayed in degrees Celsius. The temperature
control 132 provides a means for a user to enter information such
as temperature set points for the thermostat function. The dimming
control 134 can provide not only a brighten/dim function but also
an on/off function as well. Note that the device 130 may function
only as a control and display device or alternatively, may
incorporate the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ambient light
sensor and occupancy sensor of the embodiments described
hereinabove.
[0157] The present invention is intended to function within a local
operating network or network based control system incorporating
multiple devices having different functionality. As an example, the
local operating network can be applied to lighting and HVAC
systems. The local operating network comprises one or more devices,
a user interface, actuator element, power supply, communications
media, media connections and protocol and sensor inputs. These
components function to work together with other devices that can
communicate using the same standard communication protocol to form
a local operating network. The system comprises various device
functionality including but not limited to various sensor and
transducer functions such as motion detector sensors, temperature
sensors, humidity sensors and dimming sensors. The devices may be
packaged in various form factors including but not limited to
surface mount, flush mount, wall mount and single or dual gang wall
box and ceiling mount. Other features include light harvesting or
constant light maintenance, time of day scheduling, on/off/auto
switching and sensing, single and multiple 20 A 100 to 347 VAC
switching devices for incandescent and fluorescent lighting loads
and 8 A 800 W 100 to 347 VAC dimming triac devices with a series
air gap relay element. The devices comprise software and/or
firmware for controlling the operation and features of the device,
15 VDC power supply for supplying electrical power for the 0-10V
dimming signal, a reset push button for resetting the device and a
communications network media interface.
[0158] To aid in understanding the principles of the present
invention, the invention is described in the context of the
LonWorks communication protocol developed by Echelon Corp. and
which is now standard EIA 709.1 Control Network Protocol
Specification, incorporated herein by reference. Other related
specifications include EIA 709.2 Control Network Powerline Channel
Specification and EIA 709.3 Free Topology Twisted Pair Channel
Specification, both of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0159] The scope of the present invention, however, is not limited
to the use of the LonWorks protocol. Other communication network
protocols such as CEBus, etc. can be used to implement a control
network within the scope of the present invention.
[0160] A key feature of the system is that the devices on the
network can interoperate over the network. In addition, the system
can be expanded at any time, and the functionality of the
individual components can be changed at any time by downloading new
firmware.
[0161] For a device to be interoperable it must communicate in
accordance with the protocol specification in use in the system,
e.g., LonWorks, CEBus, etc. If a device complies with the standard
or protocol in use, it can communicate with other devices in the
system. The temperature sensor within the device may be bound (as
defined by the LonWorks protocol) to the HVAC system, for example.
After a threshold temperature is exceeded, the temperature sensor
can respond by sending a command to the HVAC system to turn on the
air conditioning.
[0162] A schematic diagram illustrating the occupancy, ambient
light, switch, dimmer, temperature and humidity unit (also referred
to generally as simply the `unit`) of the present invention is
shown in FIG. 18. The unit 150 comprises a controller 190 to which
are connected various components. The controller 190 comprises a
suitable processor such as a microprocessor or microcomputer. In
the context of a LonWorks compatible network, the controller may
comprise a Neuron 3120 or 3150 microcontroller manufactured by
Motorola, Schaumberg, Ill. More detailed information on the Neuron
chips can be found in the Motorola Databook: "LonWorks Technology
Device Data," Rev. 3, 1997, incorporated herein by reference.
Memory connected to the controller includes RAM 200, ROM 202 for
firmware program storage and EEPROM 204 for storing downloadable
software and various constants and parameters used by the unit.
[0163] A power supply 172 functions to supply the various voltages
needed by the internal circuitry of the device, e.g., 5 V
(V.sub.CC), 15 V, etc. The power supply 172 may be adapted to
provide V.sub.CC and other voltages required by the internal
circuitry either directly from phase and neutral of the AC
electrical power source or from an intermediate voltage generated
by another power supply. For example, a 15 V supply voltage may be
generated by another device and provided to the unit 150 via low
voltage cabling. This reduces the complexity of the unit 150 thus
reducing its cost by eliminating the requirement of having a high
voltage power supply onboard.
[0164] A clock circuit 170 provides the clock signals required by
the controller 190 and the remaining circuitry. The clock circuit
may comprise one or more crystal oscillators for providing a stable
reference clock signal. The reset/power supply monitor circuitry
168 provides a power up reset signal to the controller 190. The
circuit also functions to monitor the output of the power supply.
If the output voltage drops too low, the reset circuit 168
functions to generate a reset signal as operating at too low a
voltage may yield unpredictable operation.
[0165] In the case of LonWorks compatible networks, the unit 150
comprises a service pin on the controller 190 to which is connected
a momentary push button switch 156 and service indicator 154 which
may comprise an LED. The switch 156 is connected between ground and
the cathode of the LED 154. The anode of the LED is connected to
V.sub.CC via resister 152. A zener diode 158 clamps the voltage on
the service pin to a predetermined level. The switch 156 is
connected to the service pin via a series resister 174. The service
pin on the controller functions as both an input and an output. The
controller 190 is adapted to detect the closure of the switch 156
and to perform service handling in response thereto. A more
detailed description of the service pin and its associated internal
processing can be found in the Motorola Databook referenced
above.
[0166] The unit 150 is adapted to interoperate with other devices
on the network. It incorporates communication means that comprises
a communication transceiver 192 that interfaces the controller 190
to the network. The communications transceiver 192 may comprise any
suitable communication/network interface means. The choice of
network, e.g., LonWorks, CEBus, etc. in addition to the choice of
media, determines the requirements for the communications
transceiver 192. Using the LonWorks network as an example, the
communications transceiver may comprise the FTT-10A twisted pair
transceiver manufactured by Echelon Corp, Palo Alto, Calif. This
transceiver comprises the necessary components to interface the
controller to a twisted pair network. Transmit data from the
controller 190 is input to the transceiver which functions to
encode and process the data for placement onto the twisted pair
cable. In addition, data received from the twisted pair wiring is
processed and decoded and output to the controller 190. In addition
to a free topology transceiver for a twisted pair network, other
transceivers can be used such as RS-232, RS-485 or any other known
physical layer interfaces suitable for use with the invention. In
addition, transceivers for other types of media such as power line
carrier and coaxial, for example, can also be used.
[0167] The unit 150 also comprises mode switch means that provides
three modes of operation to the user: on/off/auto. The mode switch
means comprises slide switch 160, pull up resisters 180, 182,
series resisters 176, 178 and zener diodes 162, 164. The slide
switch 160 is a three position slide switch which has two of the
its terminals connected to two I/O pins on the controller 150 via
series resisters 176, 178. One comprises the ON mode state and the
other the OFF mode state. Software in the controller 150
periodically scans the two I/O pins for the state of the mode
switch. The controller uses software adapted to decode the signal
output of the mode switch to yield the actual switch position. The
AUTO mode state is represented by both OFF and ON inputs being
low.
[0168] The mode switch controls the operation of the unit 150. If
the switch is in the OFF state, the on/off or brighten/dim features
of the device are disabled. If the switch is in the AUTO position,
the device operates normally. When the mode switch is on the ON
position, the load is forced to turn on regardless of the state of
the on/off/auto switch inputs.
[0169] As described hereinabove, the unit 150 is adapted to measure
temperature, humidity, ambient light and to detect occupancy. The
unit 150 comprises (1) motion sensor circuitry 194 that functions
to generate a MOTION signal representing the level of motion; (2)
ambient light sensor circuitry 196 that functions to generate a LUX
signal representing the level of light; (3) temperature sensor
circuitry 198 that functions to generate a TEMP signal representing
the temperature level; and (4) humidity sensor circuitry 199 that
functions to generate a HUM signal representing the humidity level.
The four analog signals MOTION, LUX, TEMP and HUM are input to a
four-channel A/D converter 188. Mux control of the A/D converter
188 is provided by the controller 190. The digitized output of the
A/D converter is input to an I/O port on the controller 190.
Alternatively, the A/D conversion function may be incorporated into
the controller as is common with many commercially available
microcontrollers.
[0170] The unit 150 also comprises relay driver circuitry 490
coupled to one or more relay loads; ballast dimming circuitry 510
coupled to one or more 0-10 V ballast loads; and dimming circuitry
530 coupled to one or more dimming loads.
[0171] An occupancy detect indicator 186, which may comprise an
LED, provides a user visual feedback as to the detection of motion
by the unit. The cathode of the LED 186 is input to an I/O pin on
the controller 190 and the anode is pulled high by pull up resister
184. An active low on the signal OCCUPANCY_DETECT causes the LED to
light.
[0172] The unit also provides a user the capability to either turn
one or more lighting devices on/off and or to brighten/dim them.
The unit 150 comprises circuitry two momentary contact switches
218, 220 that are connected to two I/O pins on the controller 190
via series resisters 206, 208, respectively. One end of each switch
is coupled to ground and the other end is clamped by a zener diode
214, 216. The output of each switch is pulled high to V.sub.CC via
pull up resisters 210, 212.
[0173] The two switches 218, 220 may be installed in the unit
behind a rocker panel such that one switch is operated when one end
of the toggle is pressed and the other switch is operated when the
other end of the toggle is pressed. Pressing on the upper portion
of the toggle turns the lighting load on and pressing on the lower
potion turns it off. Alternatively, the unit can be adapted to
cause the lighting load to brighten and dim in response to the
toggle being pressed upwards or downwards, respectively.
[0174] In connection with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
device 10 only requires a single switch as this embodiment operates
a single logical lighting load which could physically be many
lighting loads. The switch plate 28 is adapted to operate only a
single push button switch. Each switch closure toggles the state of
the logical and physical lighting load.
[0175] In connection with the embodiment of FIG. 9, the device 110
requires two switches but each could operate a separate logical
lighting load that could physically be many lighting loads. One
switch plate 122 is associated with one load and the other switch
plate 124 is associated with the other load. Each switch closure
for each of the two switches functions to toggle the state of the
respective logical and physical lighting load.
[0176] In connection with the embodiment of FIG. 10, the device 110
requires two switches for providing brighten/dim control for a
single or multiple lighting load. One switch plate 123 is
associated with the brighten function and the other switch plate
125 is associated with the dim function. In addition, the up switch
plate may also turn the load on and the down switch plate may
function to turn the load off.
[0177] Thus, depending on the functionality desired in the device,
the switches and associated hardware circuitry and software
application may be adapted to provide numerous lighting control
possibilities.
[0178] The motion sensor circuitry will now be described in more
detail. A schematic diagram illustrating the motion sensor
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit 150 in more detail is
shown in FIG. 19. The motion sensor circuitry 194 comprises one or
more passive infrared (PIR) sensors coupled between ground and
V.sub.CC. In the example disclosed herein, two PIR sensors 230, 232
are connected between ground and V.sub.CC. The PIR sensors may
comprise a single sensor unit such as part number LHI878
manufactured by EG&G Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH, Wiesbaden,
Germany, or in the alternative a dual sensor unit. The signal
output of PIR sensor #1 230 is processed by circuitry comprising
capacitor 234 and resister 236. The signal is then input to a
signal conditioning operation amplifier (op amp) circuit comprising
op amp 242, capacitors 238, 244 and resisters 240, 245. The signal
is input to the inverting input of the op amp 242.
[0179] The signal output of PIR sensor #2 233 is processed by
circuitry comprising capacitor 260 and resister 264. The signal is
then input to the non-inverting input of the op amp 242 via
capacitors 264, 270 and resisters 266 and 268, 272 that form a
voltage divider.
[0180] The output of the op amp 242 is input to a second signal
conditioning op amp circuit comprising op amp 254, capacitors 246,
258, 252 and resisters 247, 256, 248 and 250. The output of the op
amp 254, i.e., the MOTION signal, is input to the A/D converter 188
(FIG. 14). The digital representation of the level of motion is
processed by the occupancy task (described in more detail below) to
determine whether or not the occupancy state should be
declared.
[0181] A schematic diagram illustrating the ambient light sensor
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown
in FIG. 20. The ambient light sensor circuitry 196 comprises an
ambient light detector 280 such as part number S1087 manufactured
by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu City, Japan. The cathode of
the light detector 280 is connected to the inverting input of op
amp 286. The anode of the detector 280 is connected to ground. A
voltage reference V.sub.REF1 is input to the non-inverting input of
the op amp. Capacitor 284 and resistor 282 are placed in the
feedback path from the output to the inverting input via a voltage
divider connected to the output and consisting of resisters 287,
288. The output of the op amp, i.e., the LUX signal, is input to
one of the channels of the A/D converter 188. The digitized ambient
light level is processed by the ambient light level task (described
in more detail below) and transmitted as a network variable to all
devices over the network that are bound to the device.
[0182] A schematic diagram illustrating the temperature sensor
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown
in FIG. 21. The temperature sensor circuitry 198 comprises a
temperature sensor 290 such as the NTC thermistor 23322-640-55103
manufactured by Philips. One side of the NTC temperature sensor 290
is coupled to ground while the other side is connected to resistor
291, which is of same resistance value and tolerance as the
temperature sensor, forming a voltage divider whereby a voltage of
2.50 V (typically) represents a sensor case temperature of 25
degrees C.
[0183] The voltage divider is formed between a 5 VDC power supply
voltage connected to resistor 291. The non-circuit ground side of
the NTC temperature sensor is input to the non-inverting input of
op amp 298 via series resister 292 and resister 294 coupled to
circuit ground. Ideally, resistors 292 and 294 approximate 0 ohms.
The inverting input of op amp 298 is connected to a voltage
reference V.sub.REF2 (typically 2.5 VDC) via matched voltage
divider resisters 296 and 297 and is also connected to the output
via feedback resister 300.
[0184] Matching resistors 296 and 297 form a voltage divider that
is connected to the inverting input of op amp 298. Resistor 296 has
one side connected to voltage reference V.sub.REF2 and the other
side is connected to resistor 297 that then connects to circuit
ground.
[0185] Resisters 296, 297 and 300 are selected so as to provide a
typical gain of 1, although other values of gain are also suitable.
In other words, the output of the op amp 298 is fed back to the
inverting input creating a voltage follower circuit thus providing
and overall gain of unity. The gain of the op amp can be modified
to increase the resolution of the temperature reading over a given
range. The output of the op amp, i.e., the TEMP signal, is input to
one of the channels of the A/D converter 188. The digitized ambient
light level is processed by the temperature task (described in more
detail below) and transmitted as a network variable to all devices
over the network that are bound to the device.
[0186] In an alternative embodiment, a dual op amp circuit may be
employed. In this case, the temperature sensing circuitry is
coupled to two separate op amps. One of the op amps provides a
unity gain as in the op amp circuit illustrated in FIG. 21 and the
second provides a gain factor higher than unity, e.g., 5, so as to
provide a finer resolution reading. The unity gain op amp provides
a 0 to 5 volt range corresponding to a temperature range of 0 to 50
degrees Celsius. The op amp with a higher gain factor would provide
a 0 to 5 volt range for a temperature range of, for example, 15 to
35 degrees Celsius.
[0187] Assuming a wide bit A/D converter is used, e.g., 16 bits,
the upper 8 bits can be used for an incremental reading of 1
degrees Celsius and the lower 8 bits can be used for a higher
resolution reading of {fraction (1/100)} degree Celsius.
[0188] A schematic diagram illustrating the humidity sensor
circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown
in FIG. 22. The humidity sensor circuitry 199 is constructed around
a humidity sensor 660. A humidity sensor suitable for use with the
present invention is the EMD-2000 Micro Relative Humidity Sensor
manufactured by General Eastern, Woburn, Mass. A suitable op amp is
the LM358 whose output comprises the HUM. Signal input to the A/D
converter block 188 (FIG. 18).
[0189] A block diagram illustrating the communications transceiver
portion of the control unit in more detail is shown in FIG. 23. As
described previously, the communications transceiver 192 functions
to enable the control unit to communicate with other devices over
the network. It is desirable that each device in the network
incorporate communications means enabling it to share information
with other devices. This is not, however, an absolute necessity as
devices that do not employ a communications protocol or employ a
protocol that is proprietary can also be part of the network. For
example, a direct connection to the lighting load via a 0-10 VDC
control line as well as a single analog output signal may be
employed to communicate to one or more lighting and HVAC loads. In
this example, the communications transceiver 192 is adapted to
transmit and receive data over twisted pair wiring. As mentioned
previously, the communication transceiver could be adapted to other
type of media as well including, but not limited to, power line
carrier, coaxial, RF, etc.
[0190] The communications transceiver 192 comprises a twisted pair
transceiver 222 for receiving Tx data from the controller and for
outputting Rx data to the controller. In the transmit path, the
twisted pair transceiver processes the Tx data received from the
controller resulting in a signal suitable for placement onto the
twisted pair network. The Tx output of the twisted pair
transceiver, which has been converted to a differential 2-wire
signal, is input to the twisted pair interface circuitry 224 which
functions to adapt the differential transmit signal to the 2-wire
twisted pair network 226.
[0191] In the receive path, the signal received over the 2-wire
twisted pair network 226 is input to the twisted pair interface
circuitry 224. The interface circuitry functions to output a 2-wire
differential receive signal that is input to the twisted pair
transceiver 222. The twisted pair transceiver 222 processes the
differential receive signal and generates an output Rx signal
suitable for input to the controller.
[0192] A more detailed description of the communications
transceiver suitable for twisted pair networks and for other types
of network media can be found in the Motorola Databook referenced
above.
[0193] A schematic diagram illustrating the relay driver circuit
portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in more detail
is shown in FIG. 24. The relay driver circuit 490 comprises a
transistor circuit for controlling the coil 500 of a relay 502. The
RELAY signal from the controller is input to the base of transistor
494 via resister 496 and resistor 492 connected to ground. The coil
500 is placed in parallel with a diode 498 and connected between
the 15 V supply and the collector of transistor 494. The diode 498
functions to suppress the back EMF generated by the coil when it is
de-energized. In accordance with the RELAY signal, the circuit
functions to open and close the relay 502 that is connected to the
relay load.
[0194] A schematic diagram illustrating the ballast dimming
circuitry portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in
more detail is shown in FIG. 25. The ballast dimming circuit 510
comprises an op amp 518 and associated components which functions
to output a signal in the range of 0 to 10 VDC. The output signal
causes fluorescent lights that are equipped with electronic
ballasts to dim to a particular level. The electronic ballasts are
adapted to receive a standard 0 to 10 V signal that corresponds to
the desired light intensity level. The electronic ballast
consequently adjusts the voltages applied to the bulbs they are
connected to in accordance with the level of the input
ballast-dimming signal.
[0195] The pulse width modulated BALLAST signal from the controller
is input to the non-inverting input of the op amp 518 via the
integrating filter represented by the series resister 512 and the
capacitor 514 to ground. This signal is then amplified to an
appropriate level via the op amp 518 and its associated resistor
network comprised of resistors 516 and 520. The resulting
amplification of this particular circuit is approximately given by
the following expression, 1 1 + R 138 R 136
[0196] A zener diode 522 prevents the ballast output signal from
exceeding a predetermined value. Note that the control unit may
comprise a plurality of ballast dimming circuits for dimming a
plurality of fluorescent light loads.
[0197] A schematic diagram illustrating the dimming circuitry
portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in more detail
is shown in FIG. 26. The dimming circuitry 530 functions to control
the light level of an incandescent load (a dimming load). The
dimming circuitry 530 comprises two portions: a triac dimming
portion and a relay portion. The triac dimming portion comprises a
triac 542 that is turned on at different points or angles of the AC
cycle to effect the dimming function. The triac 542 is triggered by
an opto coupled diac 536 which comprises an LED 534 optically
coupled to a diac 540. The diac 540 is connected to the gate of the
triac 542. The DIMMING signal from the controller turns on the LED
534 whose anode is connected to V.sub.CC via resister 532. The
DIMMING signal is brought low when the triac is to be turned on.
The timing of the signal input to the opto coupled diac is
synchronized with the zero crossings of the AC power. While the dim
level of the load is set to non zero, the DIMMING signal is applied
on a periodic basis, i.e., every AC half cycle.
[0198] Across the anode and cathode of the triac 542 are connected
a resister 546, capacitor 544 and a pair of MOVs 562, 566. A coil
548 is located in series with a capacitor 564 connected to the
neutral of the AC power. A relay 560 is placed in series with the
triac for providing an air gap between the phase of the AC power
and the load. The relay 560 is controlled by relay drive circuitry
comprising transistor 572, resistors 574, 576, diode 570 and coil
568. The relay drive circuitry shown here operates similarly to the
relay drive circuitry of FIG. 24. When it is desired to completely
turn the load off, the controller asserts the DIM_RELAY signal
which cause the relay 560 to open.
[0199] A block diagram illustrating the software portion of the
multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown in FIG. 27. The hardware
and software components of the unit in combination implement the
functionality of the device. The software portion of the unit will
now be described in more detail. Note that the implementation of
the software may be different depending on the type of controller
used to construct the unit. The functional tasks presented herein,
however, can be implemented regardless of the actual implementation
of the controller and/or software methodology used.
[0200] In the example presented herein, the controller is a Neuron
3120, 3150 or equivalent. Some of the functionality required to
implement the control unit is incorporated into the device by the
manufacturer. For example, the processing and associated firmware
for implementing the physical, link and network layers of the
communication stack are performed by means built into the Neuron
processor. Thus, non-Neuron implementations of the control unit
would require similar communication means to be able to share
information with other devices over the network.
[0201] It is important to note that some of the tasks described
herein may be event driven rather than operative in a sequential
program fashion. The scope of the invention is not limited to any
one particular implementation but is intended to encompass any
realization of the functionality presented herein. In addition,
some of the tasks are intended to function based on input received
from other devices that also communicate over the network.
[0202] The various tasks described herein together implement the
functionality of the unit. Each of the tasks will now be described
in more detail. The main control task 310 coordinates the operation
of the unit. The control task is responsible for the overall
functioning of the unit including initialization, housekeeping
tasks, polling tasks, sensor measurement, etc. In general, the unit
is adapted to measure one or more physical quantities, transmit the
measured quantities over the network, issue commands to a control
unit located on the network and respond to commands received over
the network from other sensors and control devices.
[0203] The control is effected by the use of network variables
referred to as Standard Network Variable Types (SNVTs), in the case
of LonWorks networks, for example. Thus, the data transmitted over
the network is transmitted in the form of one or more network
variables. In addition, based on the values of the various network
variables received by the unit, the unit responds and behaves
accordingly. The following describes the functionality provided by
the unit.
[0204] The following functions: relay, occupancy, lumens
maintenance, dimming, California Title 24, ambient light level,
light harvesting, ballast, analog 0 to 10 V, reset, go
unconfigured, communication I/O, inhibit and scenes are described
in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,497, filed
Dec. 17, 1998, entitled "Network Based Electrical Control System
With Distributed Sensing And Control," incorporated herein by
reference.
Reset
[0205] The reset task 312 functions to place the controller into an
initialization state. Variables are initialized, states of the
various drivers are initialized, memory is cleared and the device
begins executing its application code. The reset task executes at
start up and at any other time it is called or the power is reset.
The task functions to initialize the internal stack, service pin,
internal state machines, external RAM, communication ports, timers
and the scheduler. Before the application code begins executing,
the oscillators are given a chance to stabilize.
Inhibit
[0206] The inhibit task 314 provides the capability of inhibiting
and overriding the normal operating mode of the device and possibly
one or more other devices connected to the network. This task is
intended to operate within an electrical network that is made up of
a plurality of devices wherein one or more of the devices is
capable of commanding a control device to remove and reapply
electrical power from a logical load connected to it. The devices
or nodes communicate with the control device over the
communications network.
[0207] For example, in a network utilizing a plurality of sensors
and a control unit coupled to one or more logical loads, wherein
each logical load comprises one or more physical electrical loads,
one of the device generates an inhibit signal that is communicated
to the control unit. The control unit then propagates a feedback
signal to the plurality of sensors. The sensor devices may comprise
any type of sensor such as an occupancy sensor, switch or dimming
sensor. Each sensor device is bound to its associated control unit.
The one or more physical electrical loads are connected to the
control unit. A feedback variable is bound from the control unit to
each of the sensors.
[0208] When one of the sensors is turned off, i.e., its switch
setting is placed in the OFF position, the inhibit task is
operative to inhibit the normal operating mode of all the other
input sensors and the control unit. Note that the term `turning a
device off` includes switching the device off, disabling the
device, placing the device in standby mode or tripping the device.
There can be multiple sensor devices simultaneously in the off,
disabled, standby or tripped mode. The control unit and its load
remain inhibited until all the sensor devices are no longer in the
off, disabled, standby or tripped mode. Thus, electrical power to
the load controlled by the control unit remains disconnected until
all sensor devices are in the on position.
[0209] This feature is particularly suited to permit maintenance or
service to be performed in a safe manner on (1) any of the sensors,
i.e., switching, occupancy, dimming, etc. sensor devices, logically
connected to the same control unit or on (2) the load physically
connected to the control unit.
[0210] The mode switch 160 (FIG. 18) is used for placing the unit
into an off, disabled, standby, tripped or maintenance inhibit
mode. The switch means can be implemented using mechanical or
electronic means or a combination of the two either at the device
itself or remotely over a network via one or more control commands.
Optionally, a pull out tab or mechanical arm can be used to put the
input device into the maintenance off mode when it is pulled out.
The pull out tab or mechanical arm would leave the input device in
normal operating mode when pushed back in.
[0211] In either case, when the input device is placed in the off
position, an inhibit message is sent to the control unit over the
network. In response, electrical power to the attached load is
removed. Subsequently, all other sensor devices that are bound to
the same control unit are inhibited from causing power to be
applied to the load. This permits safe access to the control unit
and to the load for service or maintenance reasons. The normal
operating mode of all the sensor devices connected to the same
control unit is inhibited or overridden. Until all sensor devices
that have previously been placed in the off mode are, put into the
on mode and returned to their normal operating condition, all
sensor devices are not permitted to change the state of the load or
the control unit.
[0212] Further details on the implementation of the inhibit task
can be found in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/045,625,
filed Mar. 20, 1998 entitled "Apparatus For And Method Of
Inhibiting And Overriding An Electrical Control Device," similarly
assigned and incorporated herein by reference.
Go Unconfigured
[0213] The go unconfigured task 316 provides the capability of
placing a device (also refereed to as a node) in an unconfigured
state. This is useful whenever the device needs to be placed in a
certain state such as the unconfigured state. A major advantage of
this feature is that it provides an installer of LonWorks based
systems the ability to easily place the electrical device (the
node) in an unconfigured state utilizing the same button 156 (FIG.
18) that is used in making a service request.
[0214] When the device is in the configured node state (also known
as the normal operating mode state), the device is considered
configured, the application is running and the configuration is
considered valid. It is only in this state that both local and
network derived messages destined for the application software
layer are received. In the other states, i.e., the application-less
and unconfigured states, these messages are discarded and the node
status indicator 154 (FIG. 18) is off. The node status indicator is
typically a service light emitting diode (LED) that is used to
indicate to a user the status of the node.
[0215] A device is referred to as configured if it is either in the
hard off-line mode (i.e., an application is loaded but not running)
or in the configured node state as described above. A node is
considered unconfigured if it is either application-less or in the
unconfigured state, i.e., no valid configuration in either case.
Via the go unconfigured task, a user can force the device into the
unconfigured state so that it can be re-bound to the network, i.e.,
the device must be `reset` within the LonWorks system.
[0216] More specifically, the term going unconfigured, is defined
as having the execution application program loaded but without the
configuration available. The configuration may either be (1) not
loaded (2) being re-loaded or (3) deemed bad due to a configuration
checksum error.
[0217] In a LonWorks device, an executable application program can
place its own node into the unconfigured state by calling the
Neuron C built in function `go_unconfigured( )`. Using this built
in function, an application program can determine, based on various
parameters, whether or not an application should enter this state.
When the device does enter the unconfigured state, theNode Status
Indicator flashes at a rate of once per second.
[0218] The unit of the present invention utilizes the service pin
on the controller, e.g., Neuron chip, to place the node in an
unconfigured state. Under control of the firmware built into the
Neuron chip, the service pin is used during the configuration,
installation and maintenance of the node embodying the Neuron chip.
The firmware flashes an LED suitably connected to the service pin
at a rate of 1/2 Hz when the Neuron chip has not been configured
with network address information. When the service pin is grounded,
the Neuron chip transmits a network management message containing
its 48 bit unique ID on the network. A network management device to
install and configure the node can then utilize the information
contained within the message. The Neuron chip checks the state of
the service pin on a periodic basis by the network processor
firmware within the chip. Normally, the service pin is active
low.
[0219] Further details on the implementation of the go unconfigured
task can be found in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/080,916, filed
May 18, 1998 cited above.
Communication I/O
[0220] The communication I/O task 318 functions in conjunction with
the communication means located in the controller and the
communication transceiver connected to the controller. The
controller itself comprises means for receiving and transmitting
information over the network. As described previously, the
communications firmware for enabling communications over the
network is built into the Neuron chip. Further details can be found
in the Motorola Databook referenced above.
Occupancy
[0221] The occupancy task 320 is used to detect occupancy and
maintain the occupied state until no occupancy is detected. The
occupancy task 320 implements the occupancy functionality of the
unit. Typically, the output generated by the occupancy task is
bound to a control unit or similar device, which controls
electrical power to the load. The occupancy task performs the
motion detection function and calculates application delay and/or
hold times as required. The SNVT `SNVT_occupancy` can be used in
implementing the occupancy detection and reporting functions.
[0222] Along with the basic detection of motion, the occupancy task
can utilize one or more configuration parameters that function to
control the detection and reporting operations. In particular, a
hold time parameter, e.g., SNVT_time_sec nciHoldTime, can be set
which delays the reporting of a change from the occupied to
unoccupied state. Note that preferably the occupancy sensor changes
from the unoccupied state to the occupied state rapidly, but
changes from the occupied to the unoccupied states after a delay.
The purpose of the delay is to avoid unnecessary network traffic
when the occupancy sensor is not detecting motion continuously.
This is particularly useful when PIR detectors are employed in the
sensor unit.
[0223] The occupancy task 320 functions to control a relay or
dimming load in accordance with the detection of motion in an area.
One or more occupancy sensor devices can be bound to a relay or
dimming object within the controller. A network may include a
plurality of occupancy sensors and a control unit coupled to a
load. Typically, the occupancy sensors are bound via the network to
the control unit. The load to be switched or dimmed is coupled to
the control unit. In a LonWorks network, any number of sensors can
be bound to the same object (load). The occupancy task does utilize
any feedback from the control unit. In addition, more than one load
can be connected to and controlled by the control unit.
[0224] In addition, a light-harvesting feature (described in more
detail below) can be enabled or disabled for each input. This
feature utilizes the light level sensed by an ambient light level
sensor also connected to the network. When occupancy is detected,
the sensor functions to generate a command that is sent to the
occupancy task in the control unit. The command is sent via the
setting of a value for a particular network variable. The occupancy
task first checks the current level of the light. If light
harvesting is enabled, the lights turn on in accordance with the
light-harvesting task. The ambient light level is periodically
checked and the brightness of the lights is adjusted accordingly.
If light harvesting is not enabled, then the lights are turned on
in accordance with the following Lighting Priority Order:
[0225] 1. If the last light level value was not equal to zero,
i.e., completely off or 0%, then the level of the lights will be
set to the last dim level that was set at the time the lights were
last turned off.
[0226] 2. If the last light level value was equal to zero but the
Preferred Level is not equal to zero then the level of the lights
will be set to the Preferred Level value. Note that it is not
desirable to set the lights to a 0% dim level, as confusion may
arise whether the device is operating properly, since 0% dim
appears as completely off.
[0227] 3. If the last light level value was equal to zero and the
Preferred Level is null then the level of the lights is set to
maximum brightness, i.e., 100%.
[0228] Note that in each case, the light level is brought up the
required level in gradual increments, resulting in a gradual turn
on of the lighting load. The Preferred Level value (also referred
to as the Happy State) is a brightness level that is calculated in
order to reduce the number of writes to the EEPROM connected to the
controller. The Preferred Level is generated by using a sliding
check of the brightness levels set by the user over time. The
Preferred Level is set if the light is turned on to the same
brightness level a predetermined number of times consecutively,
e.g., 5 times. If the current level is equal to the previous level
the required number of times consecutively, then that particular
brightness level is stored in EEPROM and a variable is set within
the controller. The counter is reset once a current level does not
match the current level. Note that a Preferred Level of zero is
stored or permitted.
[0229] As described above, the analog signal MOTON output by the
occupancy sensor circuitry 194 (FIG. 19) is input to one of the
channels of the A/D converter. The digitized value is then input to
the controller who reads it periodically. The MOTION signal is a
bipolar analog signal adapted to the range of 0 to 5 V for input to
the A/D converter. With a 12-bit A/D converter, the MOTION signal
is converted into a value from 0 to 4196. The value 2300 is taken
as the null motion level that represents no detected motion.
[0230] The controller functions to generate a window with high
sense and a low sense values forming the boundaries of thresholds
of the window. If the A/D value exceeds the high sense threshold or
is lower than the low sense threshold, occupancy is declared. The
high and low sense values are variable depending on the field of
view/sensitivity setting set by the user. The values of the high
and low sense thresholds for various field of view settings are
presented below in Table 1.
2 TABLE 1 Field Of View Low Sense High Sense Delta .DELTA. High
1900 2700 .+-.350 On 1700 2900 .+-.500 Medium 1300 3300 .+-.1000
Low 700 3900 .+-.2000 Off Occupancy Off
[0231] Thus, based on the field of view setting, occupancy is
declared when the A/D value exceeds either the low or high sense
thresholds. The larger the field of view, the smaller the window
size, i.e., smaller A/D values cause occupancy to be declared.
Conversely, the smaller the field of view, the larger the window
size, i.e., larger A/D values cause occupancy to be declared.
[0232] After either the low or high sense threshold is exceeded,
the A/D value is tracked and the occupancy detect LED 186 (FIG. 18)
is illuminated. Once the value falls back below either threshold, a
delay timer is started. The length of the timer is adjustable and
is relatively short, e.g., 50 to 100 ms. If the A/D value remains
within the threshold settings for the entire timer duration, the
occupancy LED is extinguished and a hold timer is started. The
occupancy state is not changed at this point and electrical power
to the load is not removed. The hold timer counts a hold time
duration that is settable over the network by a user. Only after
the hold time is reached without the A/D value exceeding either
threshold is the occupancy state removed and a network message is
transmitted instructing the control unit to turn the load off.
[0233] For LonWorks based networks, the following output network
variables may be used in implementing the occupancy sensor
function: occupancy, occupancy numerical output and occupancy
auxiliary state. The following input network variables may be used:
hold time, maximum send time and field of view.
[0234] A key feature of the unit is that both the field of view and
the sensitivity of the occupancy sensor can be adjusted over the
network. Optionally, adjustments can be scheduled at either
specific or random time intervals as determined by a scheduler
device that transmits commands to the unit. For example, the field
of view can be automatically adjusted over the network in
accordance with the time of day, time clock, scheduler or other
devices or inputs such as a local set point button/slider or via a
network management tool.
[0235] The field of view and the sensitivity of the occupancy
sensor can be changed by varying the threshold window that is used
to process the MOTION signal (FIG. 19) output of the occupancy
sensor circuitry. The threshold information may reside in
non-volatile memory, e.g., EEPROM, and can be altered over the
network. It may also be stored in RAM and changed dynamically over
the network. Different applications could employ the ability to
adjust the field of view combined with the ability to set different
levels, different polarities such as negative or positive response
of the PIR, time frames or number of hits or cycles.
[0236] A user of the unit has the ability to select the desired
field of view level between high, on, medium, low and off,
representing fields of view >100%, 100%, 50%, 25% and off,
respectively.
[0237] The occupancy sensor can be overridden, i.e., ignored, in
response to a scheduled or random input. For example, occupancy may
be ignored during certain times of the day such as during nighttime
hours. A switch can be bound with the occupancy sensor to provide
an override function to turn the lights on at night or during
off-hours. This feature is useful since the PIR detectors activate
when they detect changes in heat or high levels of energy which are
often generated, for example, by walkie talkies. Thus, this feature
functions to minimize the `false ons` that occur then the HVAC
system is turned off at night or on in the morning.
[0238] In addition, the unit may be adapted to require a sequence
or combination of multiple sensor input activity from one or more
devices in various locations before establishing that occupancy
exists. This functions to reduce the effects of noise that may be
present in the environment the unit is operative in.
Ambient Light Level
[0239] The ambient light task 322 functions to measure the ambient
light level and output the corresponding lux value. The ambient
light task 322 implements the ambient light functionality of the
unit utilizing the LUX output of the ambient light sensor circuitry
196 (FIG. 20). The ambient light level task functions to maintain a
particular lux level within an area, if the user enables this mode.
The task receives ambient light sensor data from an ambient light
sensor bound to it over the network. The ambient light sensor
periodically sends lux reading updates to the ambient light level
task. The lux level to be maintained is provided by the user.
[0240] The ambient light level task operates in conjunction with
the occupancy sensor device and its related occupancy task. If an
occupancy sensor detects motion, for example, the lights are
controlled in accordance with the current ambient light level
reading. If the light level is greater than or equal to the current
maintenance lux level setting, then the lights are not turned on.
If, on the other hand, the light level is greater than or equal to
the current maintain lux level setting, then the light is turned on
in accordance with the Lighting Priority Order described above.
[0241] The ambient light sensor has the ability to detect different
light levels and is self calibrated via the intrinsic gain in each
device. The sensors can be calibrated in the field by taking two
ambient light readings and entering the values into a network
management tool that would then adjust the processing algorithm to
produce a more accurate reading.
[0242] One application of the ambient light feature is to maintain
a particular lux level within an area. The ambient light task
receives light level data from the ambient light sensor and
transmits the lux readings to all devices bound to it over the
network.
[0243] The standard network variable SNVT_lux can be employed in
the implementation of the ambient light task. In addition to the
basic lux light level output, the light sensor object may input one
or more parameters. In particular, the parameters may include the
following:
[0244] 1. location (nciLocation)--physical location of the light
sensor.
[0245] 2. reflection factor (nciReflection)--used to adjust the
internal gain factor for the measured illumination level; this may
be necessary because the amount of light reflected back to the
sensor element from the surface might be different.
[0246] 3. field calibration (nciFieldCalibr)--used by the light
sensor to self calibrate the sensor circuitry; the ambient light
value measured with an external lux meter is used as input to the
light sensor which then adjusts its reflection factor to yield the
same output value.
[0247] 4. Minimum send time (nciMinSendT)--used to control the
minimum period between network variable transmissions, i.e., the
maximum transmission rate.
[0248] 5. Maximum send time (nciMaxSendT)--used to control the
maximum period of time that expires before the current lux level is
transmitted; this provides a heartbeat output that can be used by
bound objects to ensure that the light sensor is still functioning
properly.
[0249] 6. Send on delta (nciMinDelta)--used to determine the amount
by which the value obtained by the ambient light sensor circuitry
must change before the lux level is transmitted.
[0250] Note that these parameters are optional and may or may not
be used in any particular implementation of the ambient light
task.
[0251] The ambient light sensor circuitry operates with an offset.
A light level of zero lux generates approximately 1.6 V at the
output of the A/D converter. In addition, the sensor and its
housing are adapted to be sensitive to changes in light intensity
on tabletops within the area to be covered. The cover (lens)
positioned over the sensor so that light enters via the aperture 26
(FIG. 1) in the switch cover. This arrangement, however, functions
to attenuate the light even more. Thus, an offset and a correction
factor must be applied to values read from the sensor.
[0252] A value from the sensor is read in to the controller
periodically, e.g., every 100 ms. An average is computed for every
10 values read in. This number is then used to calculate a lux
reading using the following expression, 2 lux_value =
conversion_factor 1000 ( average - offset ) ( max ( LUX ) max (
average ) 1000 )
[0253] The above equation yields a LUX value in the range of 0 to
2,500 lux. In addition, a user can supply a reflection coefficient
that can be factored into the calculation of the lux value. The
reflection coefficient is expressed as a number in the range of
+/-3.0. The lux value calculated using the equation above is
multiplied by the reflection coefficient to yield a lux value
compensated for reflections.
[0254] Further, a linearity correction (slope offset correction
adjustment or calibration factor) can be applied which typically
varies from room to room. Two light readings are taken, one in
bright light and the other in dim light. Two sets of readings are
taken: one using the unit 150 and the other set using an external
sensor. The system installer can perform this procedure at the time
the system is initially installed.
[0255] A diagram illustrating the relationship between the actual
and measured lux versus light intensity is shown in FIG. 28. The
linearity correction procedure described above, compensates for
this slope offset.
Temperature
[0256] The temperature task 324 functions to read the TEMP signals
generated by the temperature sensor circuitry 198 (FIG. 21). The
TEMP value is converted to digital by the A/D converter 188 and
read into the controller 190. The temperature sensor circuitry is
adapted to output a TEMP value corresponding to a temperature in
the range of 0 to 50.degree. C. Assuming an A/D with 0 to 5 V
output range, a temperature of 25.degree. C. corresponds
approximately to 2.5 V at the output of the A/D converter.
[0257] In accordance with the TEMP signal read in, a temperature
value is calculated using the following, 3 temperature_value = 1000
TEMP ( 2500 2100 1000 )
[0258] The nonlinearity of the temperature sensor can be corrected
for by applying a calibration correction using slope and offset
adjustments in similar fashion as the occupancy task described
above.
[0259] In addition, a standard network variable can be employed in
the implementation of the temperature sensor task. In addition to
the basic temperature output, the temperature sensor object may
input one or more parameters. In particular, the parameters may
include the following:
[0260] 1. location (nciLocation)--physical location of the light
sensor.
[0261] 2. field calibration (nciFieldCalibr)--used by the
temperature sensor to self calibrate the sensor circuitry; the
temperature value measured with an external temperature sensor is
used as input to the temperature sensor which then adjusts its
algorithm to yield the same output value
[0262] 3. Minimum send time (nciMinSendT)--used to control the
minimum period between network variable transmissions, i.e., the
maximum transmission rate
[0263] 4. Maximum send time (nciMaxSendT)--used to control the
maximum period of time that expires before the current temperature
reading is transmitted; this provides a heartbeat output that can
be used by bound objects to ensure that the temperature sensor is
still functioning properly.
[0264] 5. Send on delta (nciMi elta)--used to determine the amount
by which the value obtained by the temperature sensor circuitry
must change before the temperature reading is transmitted.
[0265] Note that these parameters are optional and may or may not
be used in any particular implementation of the temperature sensor
task.
[0266] As described above, the temperature sensor and software
include an offset calibration value that can be employed to
calibrate the temperature sensor. Also, the speed at which the
temperature value is sent over the network can be increased or
decreased.
[0267] A flow diagram illustrating the portion of the software used
to read the temperature sensor in more detail is shown in FIG. 29.
This process is performed on a periodic bases, e.g., every 100 ms.
An average temperature reading is calculated every 10 cycles, i.e.,
once a second, in order to reduce the effect of transients and
random fluctuations. First, it is checked whether the OUTPUT_TEMP
flag is set (step 330). This flag is set true at the end of a cycle
of 10 readings. If the flag is true, then the accumulated
temperature variable TEMP_VALUE is reset to zero (step 332), the
counter TEMP_COUNT is reset to zero (step 334) and the OUTPUT_TEMP
flag is cleared (step 336).
[0268] If the flag is not set, these steps are skipped and control
passes to step 338 wherein a temperature reading is input from the
A/D converter (step 338). The value read in is added to TEMP_VALUE
(step 340). The counter TEMP_COUNT is incremented (step 342). When
the count reaches 10 (step 344), the TEMP_SENSOR flag is set (step
346). If 10 temperature values have not yet been read in, the
process ends. Note that depending on the controller used to
implement the invention, the count may exceed 10 such as when the
event scheduler internal to the controller could not service the
event fast enough due to high loading.
[0269] A flow diagram illustrating the process temperature value
portion of the software in more detail is shown in FIGS. 30A and
30B. This routine is performed whenever the TEMP_SENSOR flag is
set. First, the temperature readings are averaged by dividing
TEMP_VALUE by TEMP_COUNT (step 350). The OUTPUT_TEMP flag is set so
that a new set of readings can be accumulated (step 352). The
digital number obtained for the average is converted to an
equivalent number in degrees Celsius (step 353). After converting
the average to degrees Celsius, one or more slope, offset and
corrective algorithm adjustments are then performed (step 354).
[0270] The difference T.sub.D between the current temperature
T.sub.C and the present temperature T.sub.P is then calculated:
T.sub.D=T.sub.C-T.sub.P (step 355). The new current temperature
T.sub.NC is calculated by applying the difference T.sub.D as a
percent increase or decrease. For example,
T.sub.NC=T.sub.C+T.sub.D-T.sub.C (step 356). Over time the
difference temperature TD approaches zero (as does the slope of the
rise or fall of the temperature relative to time) as the
temperature begins to change more slowly and the room reaches a
stable ambient. At this point, T.sub.NC will equal T.sub.C. The new
current temperature is averaged to a predefined number of readings
at a predefined interval taken over a given time period (step 357).
The average is stored as a new uncalibrated temperature (step
358).
[0271] It is then checked whether a TEMP_OFFSET update has been
received over the network (step 359). If so, a new calibration
offset temperature value is calculated (step 360). If no update has
been received, the current temperature is calculated using the
calibration offset (step 362).
[0272] If the current temperature is changing at a rate faster than
a predetermined rate (step 363), then it is assumed that either a
false influence is occurring or a fire may exist in the vicinity of
the device. As described previously, since the temperature sensor
may be exposed to the open air, a `fast change algorithm` can be
employed which functions to recognize a rapid rate of change of
temperature at the sensor, e.g., more than 15 degrees per 10
seconds. The rapid temperature change may either be due to someone
placing their finger on the sensor, applying a heat gun, applying a
cold compress or may be due to flames from a fire. The software
routine, in response the detection of a rapid rate of change in
temperature, can either send a warning message over the network or
ignore the change in temperature, regarding it as an artificial
heat/cold source. The device can be programmed to respond either
way, i.e., sending temperature data over the network and having it
acted upon or internally filtering it out and ignoring it.
[0273] If a message is sent, the actual temperature value may or
may not be sent depending on the configuration setup of the device.
For example, if it is a false influence, the rapid change in
temperature should be ignored and not displayed on the network or a
local display, e.g., LCD display. To determine whether the current
temperature is changing too fast, the previous temperature is
compared to the current temperature. If the difference is too large
per a specific time interval, then the method continues with step
374. If not, the method continues with step 364.
[0274] Next, the temperature reading just calculated is compared
with the previous reading. If the difference is greater than a
threshold (step 364) then the current temperature is transmitted
over the network (step 366). If the difference is less than or
equal to the threshold, the temperature is transmitted over the
network (step 370) if the TEMP_TIMER timer expired (step 368). The
timer is then reset (step 372).
[0275] The previous temperature is set equal to the current
temperature (step 374) and the TEMP_SENSOR flag is cleared (step
376).
[0276] A flow diagram illustrating the set point adjustment portion
of the software in more detail is shown in FIG. 31. The user
interacts with the temperature set point adjustment features of the
device via the up and down buttons 43 (FIG. 1). If either set point
button is pressed for more than a predetermined time interval,
e.g., 3 seconds (step 580), the currently configured set point is
displayed (step 582). At this point, if either set point button is
pressed (step 584), the current set point is incremented or
decremented depending on which set point button was pressed (step
586). If neither set point button is pressed for longer than a
predefined length of time, e.g., 10 seconds (step 588), the display
shows the current temperature (step 590).
[0277] A flow diagram illustrating the thermostat portion of the
software in more detail is shown in FIG. 32. This routine is run on
a continuously basis and may be adapted to run in the LonWorks
programming and operating environment. In particular, the method
may be implemented by creating one or more events that are
periodically monitored. When an occurrence is detected, the
corresponding procedure is executed.
[0278] First, the current temperature reading is compared to the
currently configured set point (step 600). If the current
temperature has fallen below or risen above a predefined range or
difference, e.g., +/-1.5 degrees Celsius (step 610), then cooling,
heating and/or a fan is turned on (step 612) and a hold timer is
set (step 614). Note that in this step and the steps that follow,
the cooling, heating and fan can be controlled by a variety of
ways, such as the following alone or in combination: via one or
more network updates, via a relay toggle wherein the relay is
integral with the device or is situated remotely on the
network.
[0279] If the current temperature falls within the predefined range
or difference, e.g., +/-1.5 degrees Celsius (step 610), then
cooling, heating and/or a fan is turned off (step 632) and a hold
timer is stopped (step 634).
[0280] Once the hold timer has expired (step 616), it is checked
whether the current temperature has fallen below or risen above a
predefined range, e.g., +/-1.5 degree Celsius (step 618). If it
has, cooling, heating and/or a fan is turned off (step 620) and a
wait timer is set (step 622).
[0281] Once the wait timer expires (step 624), it is checked
whether the temperature has fallen below or risen above a
predefined range (step 626), e.g., +/-1.5 degrees Celsius. If it
has, control continues with step 612 and the cooling, heating
and/or fan is turned on.
[0282] A flow diagram illustrating the fast change portion of the
software in more detail is shown in FIG. 33. The temperature is
first calculated (step 640) and then stored as a fast change
temperature value (step 642). A fast change timer is then set (step
644). When the fast change timer expires (step 646), the stored
fast change temperature is compared to the current temperature
(step 648).
[0283] If the temperature difference falls below or above a
predefined range (step 650), e.g., 15 degrees Celsius, then do not
update the temperature value and send a warning message via the
network and/or set a beeping signal at a slow interval (step 652).
A fast change timer is then set (step 654).
[0284] The current temperature exceeds a predefined alert
temperature, e.g., 50 degrees Celsius (step 656), then send an
alert message via the network and/or set a beeping signal at a fast
interval (step 658).
Humidity
[0285] The humidity task 323 is operative to periodically sense the
current humidity level via the HUM. signal output of the humidity
sensor circuit 199. Depending on the desired application, the
humidity reading measured can be displayed locally and/or
transmitted to a remote location via the network, such as to a
central monitoring station.
Relay
[0286] The relay task 313 functions to control the on and off state
of the one or more relays connected to the unit. Each relay has an
associated relay driver circuit 490 (FIG. 24) and a relay load.
Using network variables within the context of a LonWorks based
network, the relay task may respond, i.e., be bound, to various
network variables. The relay task may be suitably programmed to
respond to settings of an ON/AUTO/OFF switch on a switch or dimming
device. If the switching input value is set to on, then the relay
is turned on regardless of the setting of a bound occupancy sensor
device or other sensor device. Thus, if a user turns the switch to
the ON position, the relay task would respond by turning the relay
on provided that the control unit is not in the inhibited sate
(described in more detail hereinbelow). The relay would stay on,
regardless of the state of other bound sensor devices such as
occupancy sensor devices. The relay task also responds to the
on/off commands from a bound switch device, turning the relay on
and off accordingly. When in the AUTO state, the relay load is
controlled by the sensors bound to it over the network.
[0287] The relay task 313 also comprises means of controlling the
relay load locally via one or more switch integral to the device.
The relay task is adapted to optionally control the relay load in
response to various sensors within the device, e.g., temperature,
humidity, motion, ambient light.
Dimming
[0288] The dimming task 326 implements the dimming functionality of
the unit and functions to control a dimming load connected to a
control unit or other dimming device directly or via the network.
The unit 150 is connected to the network and bound to one or more
control units. Brighten and dim commands are generated by the
dimming task and transmitted onto the network. In response, the
dimming task in the corresponding control units brightens or dims
its associated dimming load accordingly.
[0289] A network may utilize a plurality of dimming sensors and a
control unit coupled to a logical dimming load. The plurality of
dimming sensors is bound to the control unit via the network. The
logical dimming load, represented by one or more physical dimming
electrical loads, is connected to the control unit. Note that the
control unit may be adapted to control any number of logical or
physical dimming loads. In addition, a feedback signal is bound
from the control unit to each of the units 150. It is also the
intent of the invention to allow for the dimming element and
software to be incorporated within the sensor device 110 as well.
That is, the control unit described above was described as a
separate device for illustration purposes only, i.e., as an
illustration of how the loads can be dimmed, and does not
necessarily have to be constructed as a separate device.
[0290] On each of the units 150, the brightness level is adjusted
by pressing a switch 28 (FIG. 1), 122, 124 (FIG. 9), 123, 125 (FIG.
10). Pressing on the switch increases the brightness level by an
incremental amount, e.g., 1/2 or 1 full unit of resolution if the
feedback equals zero. When the switch is pressed, a command is sent
from the unit to the control unit that it is bound to. To dim the
light, the switch is pressed again which causes a command to be
sent to the control unit instructing it to dim the load bound to
it.
[0291] Note that on single switch units, the single switch performs
either on/off control or brighten/dim control. On two-switch units,
on/off and brighten/dim control are provided for each load. Unit
110 (FIG. 10) alternatively uses two switches (an up and a down) to
control single dimming load.
[0292] If the light was previously off, i.e., feedback equals zero,
then quickly tapping the switch will turn the lights on in
accordance with the Lighting Priority Order described above. Once
on, a quick tap on the switch will turn the lights off. Once on, if
the switch is pressed and held, the brightness level increases
until the maximum brightness level is reached at which point no
further action occurs. As the light level ramps up, the user ceases
holding the switch and the light level reached at that point is
used. Maximum brightness can be achieved faster by quickly tapping
twice on the switch. Similarly, pressing and holding the switch
causes the light level to dim until the user cases holding the
switch. Continuously holding the switch causes the light to dim to
the completely off level.
[0293] If more than one unit 150 sensor is bound to the same
dimming load in the control unit, then feedback is used to
communicate information from the control unit to each of the units
bound to it. Feedback is utilized to inform the other units that
are also controlling the dimming load as to the state of the
dimming load. Thus, all the units are synchronized and via feedback
from the control unit are able to effectively track the actions of
each other. The control unit preferably sends the feedback
information after each command is received. For example, feedback
may be sent to all the bound unit 200 ms after the last command
related to the light level is received.
[0294] The dimming task 326 also functions to control a dimming
load that is connected to the device itself utilizing the dimming
circuitry 510, 530 (FIGS. 25 and 26). The above description of the
dimming functions apply with the difference that commands are not
sent over the network but the local dimming circuits are actuated
directly.
[0295] The dimming task 326 also comprises a ballast dimming
capability which functions similarly to the dimming function
described above but is adapted to control fluorescent lights. The
ballast dimming circuit 510 (FIG. 25) outputs a 0 to 10 V signal
that is input to an electronic ballast. In response to the level of
the signal, the light level of the fluorescent lamp is set
accordingly. The relay and 0 to 10 V dinuning ballast functions can
be used together to provide approximately 0 to 99.9% dimming and
then a positive off by opening the relay. The light bar underneath
the user interface rocker switch or touch sensitive screen or plate
is illuminated to the appropriate level indicating the relative
lighting level in the room.
Power On/Off/Auto Task
[0296] The power on/off task 328 functions to control the on and
off control of a relay in the control unit that is bound to the
unit. The task functions similarly to the dimming task, with the
difference being that the load is turned off and on rather than
dimmed and brightened. Similar to the case of dimming, the on/off
control of a load also may include binding a feedback variable to
all the dimmer/switch units bound to a particular load connected to
the control unit.
[0297] Each relay in the control unit has an associated relay
driver circuit and a relay load. Using network variables within the
context of a LonWorks based network, the task may respond, i.e., be
bound, to various network variables and/or other input. For
example, the task may be suitably programmed to respond to settings
of the ON/AUTO/OFF mode switch 160 (FIG. 14) on the unit. If the
mode is set to on, then the relay is turned on regardless of the
setting of a bound occupancy sensor device or other sensor device.
Thus, if a user turns the switch to the ON position, the task
functions to transmit a command to the control unit to turn the
relay on (provided that the control unit is not in the inhibited
sate). The relay would stay on, regardless of the state of other
bound sensor devices such as occupancy sensor devices. The task
also responds to the on/off commands from the switch 28 (FIG. 1);
122, 124 (FIG. 9), turning the relay on and off accordingly. When
in the AUTO state, the relay load is controlled by switch closures
on the unit 150 via variables bound to it over the network.
California Title 24
[0298] The California Title 24 task 329 functions to modify the
operation of the power on/off and dimming tasks. This task prevents
the relay or dimming load from turning on when there is sufficient
light. Thus, the occupancy sensor or switch input sensor bound to
the relay or dimming load attached to the control unit will not be
able to turn the respective load on. In addition, if a sensor has
already turned the load on, a switch input can only turn them off
but not back on.
[0299] In connection with the dimming task described above, if
there is sufficient light in the room, the lights will not turn on
or brighten to a `turn on` or brighten command from a unit bound to
the light.
[0300] In connection with the occupancy task 320, the lights will
not turn on if there is sufficient light in the room. In the
California Title 24 mode, the lights may only be turned on via the
occupancy sensor circuitry detecting motion. A user may, however,
dim the lights and turn them off via a switch. A user may brighten
the lights but they will immediately dim in accordance with the
light harvesting setting, if light harvesting is active. If light
harvesting is not active, attempting to brighten and/or turn the
lights on via a switch will have no effect.
[0301] While the invention has been described with respect to a
limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many
variations, modifications and other applications of the invention
may be made.
* * * * *