U.S. patent application number 10/959833 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-24 for method and apparatus for scheduling presentation of digital content on a personal communication device.
This patent application is currently assigned to WIRELESS AGENTS, LLC. Invention is credited to Brandenberg, Carl Brock, Cotter, R. Brandon, Kay, Robert L., Maxwell, Kenneth J..
Application Number | 20050043060 10/959833 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27498036 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050043060 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Brandenberg, Carl Brock ; et
al. |
February 24, 2005 |
Method and apparatus for scheduling presentation of digital content
on a personal communication device
Abstract
A method and apparatus wherein a software scheduling agent
resides on a communication network and/or client device, such as
location-aware wireless communication appliances, television set
top boxes, or other end user client devices is disclosed. The
software scheduling agent is part of a probabilistic modeling
system in which the scheduler operates to perform constrained
random variation with selection. Digital content is generated,
organized, and stored on the communication network and/or the
client devices. An electronic digital content wrapper, which holds
information in the form of data and metadata related to the digital
content is associated with each item of digital content. Contextual
profiles for each user and each item of digital content are
established by the users and the network and maintained by a
service provider on the communication network. The software
scheduling agent compares the contextual digital content profile
for each item of digital content to the contextual user profile for
each user to determine which digital content should be offered for
presentation to each user. The comparison and determination of
which items of digital content should be offered for presentation
to which users is performed by a process of constrained random
variation. After the software scheduling agent determines which
items of digital content would most likely be relevant or
interesting to the user, the digital content is transmitted, either
in whole or in part, at predetermined times over the communication
network to the appropriate client devices. The digital content is
then stored, either in whole or in part, in cache memory on the
client device until an appropriate time when the digital content is
digitally packaged and presented to particular users over those
user's client devices.
Inventors: |
Brandenberg, Carl Brock;
(Cresson, TX) ; Kay, Robert L.; (Fort Worth,
TX) ; Maxwell, Kenneth J.; (Fort Worth, TX) ;
Cotter, R. Brandon; (Dallas, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Melvin A. Hunn, Esq.
HILL & HUNN LLP
201 Main Street, Suite 1440
Fort Worth
TX
76102
US
|
Assignee: |
WIRELESS AGENTS, LLC
|
Family ID: |
27498036 |
Appl. No.: |
10/959833 |
Filed: |
October 6, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10959833 |
Oct 6, 2004 |
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09826448 |
Apr 4, 2001 |
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6834195 |
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10959833 |
Oct 6, 2004 |
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09745617 |
Dec 20, 2000 |
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6665173 |
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60194644 |
Apr 4, 2000 |
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60229235 |
Aug 31, 2000 |
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60232063 |
Sep 12, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
455/558 ;
455/557; 707/E17.109 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01S 19/14 20130101;
G06F 1/1616 20130101; G06F 1/1613 20130101; G01S 5/02 20130101;
G06F 1/169 20130101; G06Q 30/06 20130101; G01S 19/46 20130101; H04M
1/0233 20130101; H04W 28/06 20130101; H04W 4/029 20180201; H04M
1/0225 20130101; G06F 1/1664 20130101; H04L 67/306 20130101; G06F
1/1656 20130101; G06F 1/1698 20130101; G06F 1/1662 20130101; H04W
4/02 20130101; G06F 1/1622 20130101; H04L 69/329 20130101; H04W
8/18 20130101; G06F 1/1626 20130101; G06F 1/1624 20130101; G06F
16/9535 20190101; H04L 67/18 20130101; G06F 1/1632 20130101; H04M
1/0247 20130101; H04M 1/0235 20130101; H04L 29/06 20130101; H04M
1/0214 20130101; H04M 1/7243 20210101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/558 ;
455/557 |
International
Class: |
H04M 001/00 |
Claims
We claim:
1. An electronic data input apparatus for capturing a response to
digital content generated by a personal communication device, the
electronic data input apparatus comprising: an input element
configured for electrical coupling to the personal communication
device; and a means for generating an electrical signal
corresponding to the response and for transferring the signal to
the personal communication device.
2. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is integral with an exterior surface of
the personal communication device.
3. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the input element is a one-dimensional touch pad.
4. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a one-dimensional touch pad.
5. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is an elongated spring-biased button.
6. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a digitized touch screen displaying an
elongated graphical element.
7. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a jog wheel.
8. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the jog wheel is spring biased to a neutral position.
9. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a scroll wheel.
10. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a cylindrical thumb wheel.
11. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a linear sliding knob
potentiometer.
12. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a digitized touch screen displaying a
plurality of graphical selection buttons.
13. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a bank of selection buttons.
14. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the input element is a two-dimensional touch pad.
15. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a laptop computer.
16. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a palmtop
computer.
17. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a personal digital
assistant.
18. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a mobile phone.
19. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a computer
keyboard.
20. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a global positioning
device.
21. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the personal communication device is a wearable personal
communication device.
22. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the digital content is a query generated by the personal
communication device.
23. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the digital content is a graphical image generated by the
personal communication device.
24. The electronic data input apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the digital content is a audio-visual presentation
generated by the personal communication device.
25. An electronic data input system for entering data into a
personal communication device having a microprocessor and a display
for displaying digital content, the electronic data input system
comprising: an input element operably associated with the personal
communication device and being electrically coupled to the
microprocessor; and means for presenting an analog range of
responses to the digital content; means for selectively capturing a
response to the digital content from the analog range of
responses.
26. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the captured response is a rating of the digital content.
27. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the digital content is textual.
28. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the digital content is graphical.
29. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the digital content is audio-visual.
30. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the input element is a one-dimensional touch pad.
31. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the input element is an elongated spring-biased button.
32. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the input element is a digitized touch screen displaying an
elongated graphical element.
33. The electronic data input system according to claim 25, wherein
the input element is a jog wheel.
34. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the jog wheel is spring biased to a neutral position.
35. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a scroll wheel.
36. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a cylindrical thumb wheel.
37. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a linear sliding knob potentiometer.
38. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a digitized touch screen displaying a
plurality of graphical selection buttons.
39. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a bank of selection buttons.
40. The electronic data input system according to claim 33, wherein
the input element is a two-dimensional touch pad.
41. An electronic data input system for entering data into a
personal communication device having a microprocessor and a display
for displaying digital content, the electronic data input system
comprising: an input element operably associated with the personal
communication device and being electrically coupled to the
microprocessor; software for operating the input element, the
software being programmed to generate the digital content and
selectively capture data from the input element in response to the
digital content; and an active scaling element displayed by the
microprocessor on the display, the active scaling element
representing an analog range of responses to the digital content;
whereby the data is captured from the analog range of responses by
activation of the input element.
42. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the active scaling element is an elongated graphical element.
43. The electronic data input system according to claim 42, further
comprising: a graphical shuttle element operably associated with
the elongated graphical element, whereby activation of the input
element causes a corresponding movement of the graphical shuttle
element along the elongated graphical element.
44. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the active scaling element is a graphical icon, whereby activation
of the input element causes a corresponding movement of the
graphical icon.
45. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, further
comprising: a plurality of scaling messages operably associated
with the active scaling element.
46. The electronic data input system according to claim 45, wherein
the scaling messages are text messages.
47. The electronic data input system according to claim 45, wherein
the scaling messages are graphical icons.
48. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the active scaling element has a non-biased initial state.
49. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the input element includes visual indicia spatially located along
the length of the input element to indicate the boundaries of the
input element.
50. The electronic data input system according to claim 49, wherein
the visual indicia are raised ridges.
51. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the personal communication device is a laptop computer.
52. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the personal communication device is a palmtop computer.
53. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the personal communication device is a personal digital
assistant.
54. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the personal communication device is a mobile phone.
55. The electronic data input system according to claim 41, wherein
the personal communication device is a computer keyboard.
56. An analog responder for entering a response into a wireless
communication appliance having a display and a microprocessor, the
analog responder comprising: an input element disposed within the
wireless communication appliance and being electrically coupled to
the microprocessor; software programmed into the microprocessor for
operating the analog responder and displaying digital content on
the display; an active scaling element displayed by the
microprocessor on the display, the active scaling element
representing an analog range of responses to the digital content;
and a plurality of scaling messages operably associated with the
active scaling element; whereby the response is selected from the
analog range of responses by activation of the analog
responder.
57. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the
wireless communication appliance is a location-aware wireless
communication appliance.
58. The analog responder according to claim 56, further comprising:
a wireless communication network for providing simultaneous
wireless communication capabilities to a plurality of the
location-aware wireless communication appliances.
59. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the active
scaling element is an elongated graphical element.
60. The analog responder according to claim 56, further comprising:
a graphical shuttle element operably associated with the elongated
graphical element, whereby activation of the analog responder
causes a corresponding movement of the graphical shuttle element
along the elongated graphical element.
61. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the active
scaling element is a graphical icon, whereby activation of the
input element causes a corresponding movement of the graphical
icon.
62. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the scaling
messages are text messages.
63. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the scaling
messages are graphical icons.
64. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the active
scaling element has a non-biased initial state, such that the
user's response is not biased by a default response.
65. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the input
element includes visual indicia spatially located along the length
of the input element to indicate the boundaries of the input
element.
66. The analog responder according to claim 56, wherein the visual
indicia are raised ridges.
67. A data entry system for entering data into an existing personal
communication device having a display, a microprocessor, and a
microprocessor input/output port, the electronic data input system
comprising: a modular housing; an input element operably associated
with the modular housing; a housing input/output port configured to
electronically mate with the microprocessor input/output port,
whereby the input element is electrically coupled to the
microprocessor; and whereby the data is entered into the
microprocessor by activation of the input element.
68. The data entry system according to claim 67, further
comprising: digital content generated by the microprocessor and
displayed on the display; an active scaling element displayed by
the microprocessor on the display, the active scaling element
representing an analog range of responses to the digital content;
and a plurality of scaling messages operably associated with the
active scaling element; wherein activation of the input element
causes a corresponding change in the active scaling element.
69. The data entry system according to claim 67, wherein the
existing personal communication device is a wireless communication
device.
70. The data entry system according to claim 69, wherein the
wireless communication device is a location-aware wireless
communication appliance.
71. The data entry system according to claim 70, further
comprising: a wireless communication network for providing
simultaneous wireless communication capabilities to a plurality of
the location-aware wireless communication appliances.
72. A communication network, comprising: (a) a plurality of
portable wireless communication devices issued to network
subscribers located in a plurality of differing geographic
locations; (b) a plurality of wireless communication towers
providing wireless communication coverage of said differing
geographic locations; (c) a wireless geographic positioning system
facilitating a determination of an actual geographic position for
each of said plurality of portable wireless communication devices;
(d) each of said portable wireless communication devices including:
(1) a relatively small housing; (2) a wireless communication
receiver, carried within said relatively small housing, for
receiving wireless communication signals from said plurality of
communication towers; (3) a wireless communication transmitter,
carried within said relatively small housing, for transmitting
communication signals from said plurality of wireless communication
towers; (4) a wireless geographic positioning subsystem, carried
within said relatively small housing, for interacting with said
wireless geographic positioning system and determining the
geographic position of each particular portable wireless
communication device; (5) a processor and associated memory,
carried within said relatively small housing, for storing program
instructions and data in memory and for executing program
instructions; (e) a network control system, including: (1) a
transmission system for communicating wireless transmissions from
said plurality of communication towers; (2) a reception system for
receiving wireless transmissions from said plurality of
communication towers; (3) a communication traffic management system
for managing bi-directional communication through the transmission
and reception of wireless signals; (4) a location management system
for maintaining location information for said plurality of network
subscribers; (f) wherein said processor of said portable wireless
communication device determines a current actual geographic
position through use of said wireless geographic positioning
subsystem; (g) wherein a personalized location database of
user-specific locations is maintained in said memory of each of
said plurality of portable wireless communication devices, which
associates a plurality of generalized location identifiers to a
plurality of corresponding actual geographic positions; (h) wherein
said processor executes program instructions to examine said
personalized location database in order to identify a generalized
location identifier associated with said geographic position; (i)
wherein said portable wireless communication device communicates
location information to said network control system predominately
in terms of said generalized location identifier; and (j) wherein
said network control system maintains location information for said
plurality of portable wireless communication devices predominately
in terms of said generalized location identifiers.
73. A communication network, according to claim 72, wherein said
generalized location identifiers comprise at least one of: (a)
user-defined generalized location identifiers; and (b)
network-provided generalized location identifiers.
74. A communication network, according to claim 72, wherein said
geographic positioning system comprises at least one of: (a) a
plurality of global positioning satellites; (b) communication tower
identifiers; (c) signal triangulation; and (d) signal signature
matching.
75. A communication network, comprising: (a) a plurality of
portable wireless communication devices issued to network
subscribers located in a plurality of differing geographic
locations; (b) a plurality of wireless communication towers
providing wireless communication coverage of said differing
geographic locations; (c) a plurality of global positioning
satellites transmitting global positioning signals (GPS) to said
differing geographic locations, which collectively determine a GPS
position in terms of latitude and longitude for each of said
portable wireless communication devices; (d) each of said portable
wireless communication devices including: (1) a relatively small
housing; (2) a wireless communication receiver, carried within said
relatively small housing, for receiving wireless communication
signals from said plurality of communication towers; (3) a wireless
communication transmitter, carried within said relatively small
housing, for transmitting communication signals from said plurality
of wireless communication towers; (4) a global positioning
receiver, carried within said relatively small housing, for
receiving GPS signals from said plurality of global positioning
satellites; (5) a processor and associated memory, carried within
said relatively small housing, for storing program instructions and
data in memory and for executing program instructions; (e) a
network control system, including: (1) a transmission system for
communicating wireless transmissions from said plurality of
communication towers; (2) a reception system for receiving wireless
transmissions from said plurality of communication towers; (3) a
communication traffic management system for managing bi-directional
communication through the transmission and reception of wireless
signals; (4) a location management system for maintaining location
information for said plurality of network subscribers; and (f)
wherein said processor of said portable wireless communication
device utilizes said GPS signals received from said plurality of
global positioning satellites to determine a current GPS position
in terms of at least latitude and longitude; (g) wherein a
personalized location database of user-specific locations is
maintained in said memory of each of said plurality of portable
wireless communication devices, which associates a plurality of
generalized location identifiers to a plurality of corresponding
GPS positions; (h) wherein said processor executes program
instructions to examine said personalized location database in
order to identify a generalized location identifier associated with
said GPS position; (i) wherein said portable wireless communication
device communicates location information to said network control
system predominately in terms of said generalized location
identifier; and (j) wherein said network control system maintains
location information for said plurality of portable wireless
communication devices predominately in terms of said generalized
location identifiers.
76. A communication network, according to claim 75, wherein said
network control system further includes: (5) a user preference
modeling system which develops at least one user profile for said
plurality of network subscribers which is based at least in part
upon location information which is maintained by said network
control system in the form of generalized location identifiers.
77. A communication network, according to claim 75, wherein each of
said portable communication devices communicates to said network
control system location information in the form of a user-generated
generalized location identification.
78. A communication network, according to claim 77, wherein said
personalized location database of user-specific locations which is
maintained in said memory of each of said plurality of portable
wireless communication devices associates each generalized location
identifier to a range of GPS positions.
79. A communication network according to claim 78, wherein said
range of GPS positions associated with a particular generalized
location identifier may be automatically altered over time in
response to at least one of the following: (a) additional express
input of network subscribers in response to questions posed by said
network; (b) actions of said network subscribers to rename a
location which is in conflict with a prior designation; and (c)
actions taken by said network subscribers to change at least one
status item of a portable wireless communication device.
80. A communication network according to claim 78, wherein said
range of GPS positions associated with a particular generalized
location identifier is modeled as at least on of the following: (a)
a two dimensional polygon space; (b) a three dimensional polygon
space; (c) a circle; (d) a cylinder; (e) combinations of shapes;
(f) clustered circle shapes; and (g) clustered cylindrical
shapes.
81. A communication network, according to claim 75, wherein said
generalized location identifiers comprise at least one of: (a)
user-defined generalized location identifiers; and (b)
network-provided generalized location identifiers.
82. A communication network, comprising: (a) a plurality of
portable wireless communication devices issued to network
subscribers located in a plurality of differing geographic
locations; (b) a plurality of wireless communication towers
providing wireless communication coverage of said differing
geographic locations; (c) a plurality of global positioning
satellites transmitting global positioning signals (GPS) to said
differing geographic locations, which collectively determine a GPS
position in terms of at least latitude and longitude for each of
said portable wireless communication devices; (d) each of said
portable wireless communication devices including: (1) a relatively
small housing; (2) a wireless communication receiver, carried
within said relatively small housing, for receiving wireless
communication signals from said plurality of communication towers
in the form of digital packets; (3) a wireless communication
transmitter, carried within said relatively small housing, for
transmitting communication signals from said plurality of wireless
communication towers in the form of digital packets; (4) a display
for displaying at least textual material, including two-way
communications conducted over said plurality of wireless
communication towers utilizing said digital packets; (5) a global
positioning receiver, carried within said relatively small housing,
for receiving GPS signals from said plurality of global positioning
satellites; (6) a processor and associated memory, carried within
said relatively small housing, for storing program instructions and
data in memory and for executing program instructions; (7) a user
input system carried by said relatively small housing for inputting
user commands and data into said processor; (e) a network control
system, including: (1) a transmission system for communicating
digital packets to said plurality of communication towers for
wireless transmission; (2) a reception system for receiving
wireless transmissions of digital packets from said plurality of
communication towers; (3) a session management system for managing
communication exchanges, each of which are composed of exchanges of
digital packets through the transmission and reception of wireless
signals; (4) a location management system for maintaining location
information for said plurality of network subscribers; and (f)
wherein said processor of said portable wireless communication
device utilizes said GPS signals received from said plurality of
global positioning satellites to determine a current GPS position
in terms of latitude and longitude; (g) wherein a personalized
location database of generalized location identifiers is maintained
in said memory of each of said plurality of portable wireless
communication devices, and which associates a plurality of
generalized location identifiers to a plurality of corresponding
GPS positions; (h) wherein said processor executes program
instructions to examine said personalized location database in
order to identify a particular generalized location identifier
associated with said GPS position; (i) wherein said portable
wireless communication device communicates location information to
said network control system predominately in terms of said
generalized location identifier; and (j) wherein said network
control system maintains location information for said plurality of
portable wireless communication devices predominately in terms of
said generalized location identifiers.
83. A communication network, according to claim 82, wherein said
network control system further includes: (5) a user preference
modeling system which develops at least one user profile for said
plurality of network subscribers which is based at least in part
upon location information which is maintained by said network
control system in the form of generalized location identifiers.
84. A communication network, according to claim 82, wherein each of
said portable communication devices communicates to said network
control system location information in the form of a user-generated
generalized location description.
85. A communication network, according to claim 82, wherein said
personalized location database of user-specific locations which is
maintained in said memory of each of said plurality of portable
wireless communication devices associates each generalized location
identifier to a range of GPS positions.
86. A communication network according to claim 82, wherein said
range of GPS positions associated with a particular generalized
location identifier may be automatically altered over time in
response to at least one of the following: (a) additional express
input of network subscribers in response to questions posed by said
network; (b) actions taken by said network subscribers to rename a
location which is in conflict with a prior designation; and (c)
actions taken by said network subscribers to change the generalized
location indicator through interaction with said portable wireless
communication device.
87. A communication network according to claim 82, wherein said
range of GPS positions associated with a particular generalized
location identifier is modeled as at least on of the following: (a)
a two dimensional polygon space; (b) a three dimensional polygon
space; (c) a circle; (d) a cylinder; (e) combinations of shapes;
(f) clustered circle shapes; and (g) clustered cylindrical
shapes.
88. A communication network, according to claim 82, wherein said
generalized location identifiers comprise at least one of: (a)
user-defined generalized location identifiers; and (b)
network-provided generalized location identifiers.
89. A communication network, comprising: (a) a plurality of
portable wireless communication devices issued to relatively mobile
network subscribers located in a plurality of differing geographic
locations; (b) a plurality of wireless communication towers
providing coverage of said differing geographic locations; (c) a
plurality of global positioning satellites transmitting global
positioning signals (GPS) to said differing geographic locations,
which collectively determine a GPS position for each of said
portable wireless communication devices; (d) each of said portable
wireless communication devices including: (1) a relatively small
housing; (2) a wireless communication receiver, carried within said
relatively small housing, for receiving wireless communication
signals from said plurality of communication towers in the form of
digital packets; (3) a wireless communication transmitter, carried
within said relatively small housing, for transmitting
communication signals from said plurality of wireless communication
towers in the form of digital packets; (4) a display for displaying
at least textual material including two-way communications
conducted over said plurality of wireless communication towers; (5)
a global positioning receiver, carried within said relatively small
housing, for receiving GPS signals from said plurality of global
positioning satellites; (6) a processor and associated memory,
carried within said relatively small housing, for storing program
instructions and data in memory and for executing program
instructions; (7) a user input system carried by said relatively
small housing for inputting user commands and data into said
processor; (e) a network control system, including: (1) a
transmission system for communicating digital packets to said
plurality of communication towers; (2) a reception system for
receiving digital packets from said plurality of communication
towers; (3) a communication traffic management system for managing
communication exchanges, each of which are composed of exchanges of
digital packets; (4) a location management system for maintaining
location information for said plurality of network subscribers; and
(5) a subscriber preference modeling system which develops at least
one user profile for each of said plurality of network subscribers
which is based upon at least in part upon location information
which is maintained by said network control system; (f) wherein
said network control system communicates messages in the form of
digital packages to said plurality of network subscribers utilizing
said preference modeling system in order to deliver location
appropriate messages to each particular network subscriber.
90. A communication network, according to claim 89, wherein said
network control system communicates messages in the form of digital
packages to said plurality of network subscribers utilizing said
preference modeling system order to deliver location appropriate
and time appropriate messages to each particular network
subscriber.
91. A communication network, according to claim 89, wherein each of
said portable communication devices communicates to said network
control system location information in the form of user-generated
generalized location identifiers.
92. A communication network, comprising: (a) a plurality of
communication devices issued to network subscribers located in a
plurality of differing geographic locations; (b) each of said
communication devices including: (1) a relatively small housing;
(2) a communication receiver, carried within said relatively small
housing; (3) a communication transmitter, carried within said
relatively small housing; (4) a display, visible from the exterior
of said relatively small housing, for displaying at least textual
material including two-way communications; (5) a processor and
associated memory, carried within said relatively small housing,
for storing program instructions and data in memory and for
executing program instructions; (6) a user input system carried by
said relatively small housing for inputting user commands and data
into said processor; (e) a network control system, including: (1) a
transmission system; (2) a reception system; (3) a session
management system for managing communication exchanges; (4) a
preference modeling system which develops at least one profile for
each of said plurality of network subscribers which is based upon
at least in part upon: (a) location information relevant for each
network subscriber which is maintained by said network control
system; (b) time information which is relevant for each network
subscriber which is maintained by said network control system; (c)
know preferences which are relevant for each network subscriber
which are derived through interaction with each network subscriber;
(f) wherein said network control system automatically communicates
a stream of messages to said plurality of network subscribers
utilizing said preference modeling system in order to deliver
contextually appropriate messages to each particular network
subscriber, each message being generally appropriate for the
current location of the particular network subscriber, for the
current time, and for known preferences of the particular network
subscriber.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIOR FILING DATES
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/194,644, filed Apr. 4, 2000, titled
"Location-Aware Wireless Communication Appliance and Network;" U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/229,235, filed Aug. 31, 2000, titled
"Location-Aware Wireless Communication Appliance and Network;" and
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/232,063, filed Sep. 12, 2000,
titled "Thumb Optimized Keyboard for Personal Computing Device."
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser.
No. 09/745,617, filed 20 Dec. 2000, titled "Physical Configuration
of a Handheld Electronic Communication Device," and incorporates
that application by reference herein as if set forth in full.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to the presentation of digital
content on personal communication devices. In particular, the
present invention relates to systematic scheduling of the
presentation of digital content on personal communication
devices.
[0004] 2. Background Information
[0005] Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous increase
in demand for new and better means of communicating and
transferring data among consumers over communication networks. The
Internet has played an important role in satisfying this demand, in
that its development has spawned many new modes of communicating
and sharing data, such as e-mail, chat, instant messaging, and
video messaging. During its early development, consumers could only
access the Internet and these new forms of digital content from a
computer that was hard-wired to the Internet, either over a local
area network, or via a modem. Recently, there has been a shift in
consumer demand toward wireless communication and data sharing.
People want access to all of these forms of communication and data
transfer not only while they are at their desks, but also when they
are on the move.
[0006] Many companies have tried to meet this demand by providing
cellular phones and other wireless communicating devices which can
transmit and receive Internet-type communications in addition to
voice communications. However, because such phones have small
display screens and limited data input devices, they typically rely
on scaled down data transmission protocols, such as the Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP). Although WAP devices can transmit
textual and graphical data, they are extremely limited in
bandwidth. As such, these devices and the digital content available
with them do not provide a very interesting user experience.
[0007] Aside from the problem of providing a wireless device with
which consumers can communicate using these Internet-type modes of
communication, there is also the problem of determining what
information to provide. The Internet has quickly become one of the
world's largest sources of knowledge and information. The enormous
size and scope of the Internet and other information networks often
makes it impossible to find relevant information in a reasonable
amount of time. The difficulty of obtaining relevant information
from the Internet and other information networks in a timely
fashion has given rise to the development of a wide variety of
products and services which locate and sift through large volumes
of data in an effort to disseminate particular information which is
relevant to particular consumers. For example, consumers can
subscribe to certain services which locate and periodically
broadcast specified information to their subscribers. This
technology is often referred to as "push" technology, in that the
information, or digital content, is pushed from the information
provider to the subscriber.
[0008] It is not uncommon for push-technology service providers to
have each subscriber fill out an initial questionnaire at the
beginning of the subscription in order to obtain certain
information about the subscriber. Such questionnaires typically
include questions directed to the subscriber's biographic,
demographic, and economic background. The digital content that is
broadcast by these service providers to their subscribers is
typically controlled solely by the service provider, with no input
from the subscriber, other than the subscriber's initial
questionnaire or when the subscriber updates his profile. These
systems are not designed for ongoing interaction between the
subscriber and the service provider. Although such systems can
provide periodic broadcast of digital content or information, such
as the transmission of a daily e-mail of news or information, they
are not designed to provide the most appropriate digital content at
the most appropriate time for the subscriber. Other than the
subscriber "unsubscribing," the service provider has no way of
knowing whether the subscriber is still interested in the digital
content offered by the service.
[0009] Although the devices and systems discussed above represent
great strides in the areas of communication and presentation of
digital content over personal communication devices, many
shortcomings remain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] There is a need for a method and apparatus with which
digital content may be systematically scheduled and presented on
personal communication devices.
[0011] Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a method and apparatus for systematically scheduling and
selectively presenting digital content on personal communication
devices.
[0012] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and apparatus for systematically scheduling and selectively
offering digital content for presentation to users, wherein the
digital content is generated, organized, stored, and rated by the
users over a communication network.
[0013] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and apparatus for systematically scheduling and selectively
offering digital content for presentation to users, wherein the
digital content is generated, organized, stored, transmitted over a
communication network to a client device, and rated by the
users.
[0014] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and apparatus for systematically scheduling and selectively
offering digital content for presentation on a client device,
wherein the digital content is generated, organized, stored,
profiled, compared to a contextual user profile, transmitted to the
client devices over a communication network, and rated by the
users.
[0015] These objects are achieved by providing a method and
apparatus wherein a software scheduling agent resides on a
communication network and/or client device, such as location-aware
wireless communication appliances, television set top, boxes, or
other end user client devices. The software scheduling agent is
part of a probabilistic modeling system in which the scheduler
operates to perform constrained random variation with selection.
Digital content is generated, organized, and stored on the
communication network and/or the client devices. An electronic
digital content wrapper, which holds information in the form of
data and metadata related to the digital content is associated with
each item of digital content. Contextual profiles for each user and
each item of digital content are established by the users and the
network and maintained by a service provider on the communication
network. The software scheduling agent compares the contextual
digital content profile for each item of digital content to the
contextual user profile for each user to determine which digital
content should be offered for presentation to each user. The
comparison and determination of which items of digital content
should be offered for presentation to which users is performed by a
process of constrained random variation. After the software
scheduling agent determines which items of digital content would
most likely be relevant or interesting to the user, the digital
content is transmitted, either in whole or in part, at
predetermined times over the communication network to the
appropriate client devices. The digital content is then stored,
either in whole or in part, in cache memory on the client device
until an appropriate time when the digital content is digitally
packaged and presented to particular users over the users' client
devices.
[0016] The present invention has many advantages over conventional
methods and apparatuses for transmitting digital content to
personal communication devices. First and foremost, the present
invention is not merely a method of broadcasting digital content to
an indiscriminant collection of subscribers. The present invention
is a tool with which the user can play an active role in the
dissemination and presentation of digital content. The present
invention uses a scheduling agent that is based upon a
probabilistic modeling system. The contextual digital content
profiles and the contextual user profiles are continuously updated
to ensure that there is a high probability that the user will be
presented with digital content that he finds relevant and
interesting. The user plays an ongoing active role in the
systematic scheduling of digital content by rating the digital
content as it is presented. Although the scheduling system is very
sophisticated, the rating procedure is very intuitive and
non-intrusive. The system is designed to obtain valuable opinion
information from the user without intruding into the user's
experience. Through the rating system of the present invention, the
user has a certain level of control over which digital content is
offered to himself and others on the system. This ensures that the
user will not only continue to participate in the experience, but
take an active role in the dissemination of digital content,
thereby building community.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1A is a simplified pictorial representation of the
preferred embodiment of a location-aware wireless communication
appliance and related network according to the present
invention.
[0018] FIG. 1B is a high-level block diagram of the bi-directional
communication of the appliance and network of FIG. 1A.
[0019] FIG. 1C is a graphical depiction of longitude and latitude
correlation as implemented by the appliance and network of FIG.
1A.
[0020] FIG. 1D is a simplified representation of the location
awareness function of the appliance and network of FIG. 1A for a
portion of a exemplary day for a member.
[0021] FIG. 1E is a simplified tabular representation of some basic
information types that can be aggregated or assembled for
particular users by the appliance and network of FIG. 1A.
[0022] FIG. 1F is a simplified pictorial representation of a
"fuzzy" management function for managing location data for the
appliance and network of FIG. 1A.
[0023] FIG. 1G (1 of 5) is a simplified tabular representation of a
data array of location data for tower 203 of FIG. 1F.
[0024] FIG. 1G (2 of 5) is a simplified tabular representation of a
data array of location data for tower 205 of FIG. 1F.
[0025] FIG. 1G (3 of 5) is a simplified tabular representation of a
data array of location data for tower 207 of FIG. 1F.
[0026] FIG. 1G (4 of 5) is a simplified tabular representation of a
data array of location data for tower 209 of FIG. 1F.
[0027] FIG. 1G (5 of 5) is a simplified tabular representation of a
data array of location data for tower 211 of FIG. 1F.
[0028] FIG. 1H is a highly simplified representation of a plurality
of the appliances of FIG. 1A.
[0029] FIG. 1I is a tabular representation of digital content that
may be transmitted to the plurality of appliances of FIG. 1H.
[0030] FIG. 1J is a high-level, simplified representation of novel
electronic wrappers for the digital content of FIG. 1I.
[0031] FIG. 1K is a simplified representation of the aggregation
and assembly of the digital content of FIG. 1I.
[0032] FIG. 1L is a tabular representation of a novel contextual
user profile used by the appliance and network of FIG. 1A in
conjunction with the digital content of FIG. 1I.
[0033] FIG. 1M is a high-level simplified representation of a
scheduler software of the appliance and network of FIG. 1A in an
initial state.
[0034] FIG. 1N is a high-level simplified representation of the
scheduler software of FIG. 1M in a subsequent state.
[0035] FIG. 1O is a simplified schematic illustrating the
relationship network for the appliance and network of FIG. 1A.
[0036] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a simplified representation
of the appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly visible display
that translates relative to a body portion.
[0037] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2A
depicting how the constantly visible display translates relative to
the body portion to expose a keyboard or other data input devices
that are integrated into the body portion.
[0038] FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2A
with the constantly visible display in a position which fully
reveals the keyboard or data input devices.
[0039] FIG. 2D is a perspective view of an alternate simplified
representation of the appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly
visible display that pivots relative to a body portion to reveal a
keyboard or other data input devices that are integrated into the
body portion.
[0040] FIG. 2E is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2D
depicting how the constantly visible display pivots relative to the
body portion to reveal the keyboard or other data input
devices.
[0041] FIG. 2F is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2D
depicting how the constantly visible display further pivots
relative to the body portion to reveal the keyboard or other data
input devices.
[0042] FIG. 2G is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2D
with the constantly visible display pivoted to fully reveal the
keyboard or other input devices.
[0043] FIG. 2H is a perspective view of an alternate simplified
representation of the appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly
visible display integrated into a body portion and a keyboard or
other data input devices that extend outward from the interior of
the body portion.
[0044] FIG. 2I is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2H
depicting how the keyboard or other data input devices extend
outward from the interior of the body portion.
[0045] FIG. 2J is a perspective view of the appliance of FIG. 2H
with the keyboard or other data input devices in a fully extended
position.
[0046] FIG. 2K is a front view of the preferred embodiment of the
appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly visible display that
translates relative to a body portion to reveal a thumbboard or
other data input devices that are integrated into the body portion,
and having an analog electronic data input device using slider
movement according to the present invention.
[0047] FIG. 2L is a rear view of the appliance of FIG. 2K.
[0048] FIG. 2M is a right side view of the appliance of FIG.
2K.
[0049] FIG. 2N is a bottom view of the appliance of FIG. 2K.
[0050] FIG. 2O is a front view of the appliance of FIG. 2K with the
constantly visible display translated relative to the body portion
to fully reveal the keyboard or other input devices.
[0051] FIG. 2P is a rear view of the appliance of FIG. 2K awhile in
the open state of FIG. 2O.
[0052] FIG. 2Q is a front view of an alternate embodiment of the
appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly visible display that
translates relative to a body portion to reveal a thumbboard or
other data input devices that are integrated into the body portion,
and having an analog electronic data input device using slider
movement according to the present invention.
[0053] FIG. 2R is a rear view of the appliance of FIG. 2Q.
[0054] FIG. 2S is a right side view of the appliance of FIG.
2Q.
[0055] FIG. 2T is a front view of another alternate embodiment of
the appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly visible display that
hingedly moves relative to a body portion to reveal a keyboard of
other data input devices that are integrated into the body portion,
and having an analog electronic data input device using slider
movement according to the present invention.
[0056] FIG. 2U is a right side view of the appliance of FIG.
2T.
[0057] FIG. 2V is a front view of the appliance of FIG. 2T with the
constantly visible display hingedly moved relative to the body
portion to fully reveal the keyboard or other input devices.
[0058] FIG. 2W is a front view of another alternate embodiment of
the appliance of FIG. 1A having a constantly visible display and
thumbboards or other data input devices that extend out from the
interior of a body portion, and having an analog electronic data
input device using slider movement according to the present
invention.
[0059] FIG. 2X is a rear view of the appliance of FIG. 2W.
[0060] FIG. 2Y is a right side view of the appliance of FIG.
2W.
[0061] FIG. 2Z is a front view of the appliance of FIG. 2W with the
keyboards extended outward from the interior of the body
portion.
[0062] FIG. 3A is a block diagram representation of a low-cost
version the appliance of FIG. 1A.
[0063] FIG. 3B is a block diagram representation of a preferred
operating system of the appliance of FIG. 1A.
[0064] FIG. 4A is a high-level block diagram representation of the
commercial operation of the appliance and network of FIG. 1A.
[0065] FIG. 4B is a high-level block diagram representation of a
scenario in which a plurality of members distribute and contribute
content to an electronic bulletin board on the network of FIG.
1A.
[0066] FIG. 4C is a high-level block diagram representation of a
scenario in which a plurality of members interact with a plurality
of merchants via the network and appliances of FIG. 1A.
[0067] FIG. 4D is a high-level block diagram representation of a
scenario in which members recruit new members to the network of
FIG. 1A.
[0068] FIG. 5A is a tabular representation of the preferred
embodiment of an electronic data input apparatus according to the
present invention and alternate embodiments thereof.
[0069] FIGS. 6A-6E are schematics representing the function and
operation of the electronic data input apparatus and system
according to the present invention.
[0070] FIGS. 6F and 6G are schematics representing a graphical
scaling element having graphical scaling messages which correspond
with the electronic data input system and apparatus according to
the present invention.
[0071] FIGS. 7A-7I are schematics of alternate embodiments of the
input element of the electronic data input apparatus according to
the present invention.
[0072] FIGS. 8A-8E are schematics illustrating the electronic data
input apparatus according to the present invention being utilized
on a variety of personal communication devices.
[0073] FIG. 9 is an alternate embodiment of the electronic data
input system and apparatus according to the present invention being
utilized as an add-on expansion module in a conventional personal
communication device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0074] The following is a table of contents for this specification.
Topics will be grouped under these headings and discussed in detail
below.
[0075] 1. Introduction and Overview
[0076] 1.A. Contextually aware client
[0077] 1.B. Network
[0078] 1.B.1. Wireless
[0079] 1.B.2. Wired
[0080] 1.C. Delivery of content
[0081] 1.C.1. Delivery in Response to User Request
[0082] 1.C.2. Deliver Based on Context
[0083] 1.C.3. Subscription
[0084] 2. Creating Value
[0085] 2.A. Creating value for users
[0086] 2.A.1. Feeling connected
[0087] 2.A.2. Keeping up with what is important
[0088] 2.A.3. Reminders (in time and space)
[0089] 2.A.4. Communicating
[0090] a. IM
[0091] b. E-mail
[0092] c. Voice
[0093] 2.A.5. Finding what they need
[0094] a) Contextual searches (e.g., driving direction from
here)
[0095] 2.A.6. Rich media experience
[0096] 2.B. Creating value for developers
[0097] 2.B.1. Higher level development environment (through
scripting of MM Flash)
[0098] 2.B.2. "Mobile Flash" extensions
[0099] 2.B.3. Best environment to create low-bandwidth, rich media,
high interaction
[0100] 2.C. Creating value for wireless operators
[0101] 2.C.1. 3G experience on a 2.5G packet network
[0102] 2.C.2. Lets operators be more than a data pipe
[0103] 2.C.3. First platform that can be monetized
[0104] 2.D. Creating value for device manufacturers
[0105] 2.D.1. Wireless, rich media reference design
[0106] 2.D.2. Hooks to recurring revenue
[0107] 2.E. Creating value for merchants
[0108] 2.E.1. Rich media
[0109] 2.E.2. Contextual
[0110] 2.E.3. Aggregated user data
[0111] 2.E.4. Transactional capability
[0112] 3. Basic Concepts
[0113] 3.A. Content
[0114] 3.A.1. Elements
[0115] a. Meta-data (wrapper)
[0116] 1. Purposes
[0117] 2. Components
[0118] a. Header
[0119] b. Sensitivities
[0120] c. Associations
[0121] b. Data
[0122] 3.A.2. Routing
[0123] a. Specifically routed
[0124] b. Self routed
[0125] 3.A.3. Auto-updateable
[0126] 3.B. Context
[0127] 3.B.1. Device context
[0128] 3.B.2. Objective context
[0129] 3.B.3. Objective context--Altered (Virtual locations)
[0130] 3.B.4. Subjective context
[0131] 3.B.5. Preference context
[0132] 3.C. Rating of content
[0133] 3.D. Content selection
[0134] 3.D.1. Gross
[0135] 3.D.2. Fine
[0136] 3.E. Awareness
[0137] 3.F. Arrangements
[0138] 3.F.1. Organizational tool
[0139] 3.F.2. Content Item Membership is Non-exclusive
[0140] 3.F.3. Types of Arrangements
[0141] a. Arbitrary
[0142] b. Rules-based
[0143] 3.F.4. Representation in Other Arrangements
[0144] 3.F.5. Contextually triggered
[0145] 3.G. Communications
[0146] 3.G.1. E-Mail
[0147] 3.G.2. Instant messaging
[0148] 3.G.3. Chat
[0149] 3.G.4. Voice
[0150] 3.G.5. Video
[0151] 3.G.6. Escalation
[0152] 3.G.7. De-escalation
[0153] 3.H. Searches
[0154] 3.I. Relationship network
[0155] 3.J. Economy of content delivery
[0156] 3.K. Abstraction of location
[0157] 3.K.1. Named places
[0158] 3.K.2. Named times
[0159] 3.K.3. Named events (place/times)
[0160] 3.L. Authorization
[0161] 4. Create
[0162] 4.A. Macromedia Flash
[0163] 4.A.1. File format
[0164] 4.A.2. Rendering engine
[0165] 4.A.3. Authoring Tools
[0166] 4.A.4. Scripting language
[0167] 5. Wrapping Content
[0168] 5.A. Prototypical wrappers
[0169] 5.A.1. Inheritance from prototypical wrappers
[0170] 5.A.2. Tagging
[0171] 5.B. Wrapper Tool
[0172] 5.C. Automatic wrapping
[0173] 5.D. Registration
[0174] 6. Routing Mechanisms
[0175] 6.A. Destination-specific Routing
[0176] 6.A.1. Awareness updates
[0177] 6.A.2. Messages
[0178] 6.A.3. Payload fills
[0179] 6.A.4. Search results
[0180] 6.A.5. Browsing
[0181] 6.B. Self-routed
[0182] 6.B.1. Simultaneous distribution of unique experiences
[0183] 6.B.2. Content selection engine
[0184] a. Content similarity calculation
[0185] 6.B.3. Relationship influence
[0186] 7. Deliver
[0187] 7.A. Intelligent pre-caching
[0188] 7.A.1. Transfer costs
[0189] a. Minimal (connected to fat pipe)
[0190] b. Cheap (wireless off-peak)
[0191] c. Expensive (capacity limited times)
[0192] 7.A.2. Delivery times
[0193] a. Available to send
[0194] b. Must be sent by
[0195] 7.B. Separation of data and presentation layers
[0196] 8. Present
[0197] 8.A. Content's context sensitivities interacting with
current context
[0198] 8.A.1. Client presentation scheduler
[0199] a. Probabilistic selection
[0200] b. Neediness
[0201] 1. Context driven
[0202] 8.B. User Interface
[0203] 8.B.1. Awareness items
[0204] 8.B.2. Arrangement layer
[0205] a. Minimized content state
[0206] b. Viewing a few characteristics
[0207] c. Content item associations
[0208] 8.B.3. Work layer
[0209] a. Maximized (opened) content state
[0210] b. Manipulation
[0211] 8.B.4. Stream
[0212] a. "trailer" (animated content preview) content state
[0213] b. Contextual alerts
[0214] 8.B.5. Switcher
[0215] a. Scaled-Minimized content state
[0216] b. Rapid navigational tool
[0217] c. Arrangement to arrangement
[0218] 8.B.6. Menus and alerts
[0219] a. Contextual actions
[0220] b. User error alerts
[0221] 8.C. User Interface (Alternate)
[0222] 8.D. User Interface--Audio
[0223] 8.E. User Interface Themes
[0224] 8.E.1. Demographically configured
[0225] 8.E.2. Personality configured
[0226] 8.F. Rating Mechanisms
[0227] 8.F.1. Explicit methods
[0228] 8.F.2. Implicit Methods
[0229] 8.F.3. Forgetfulness
[0230] 8.F.4. Contextually situated ratings
[0231] 8.F.5. Ratings of people
[0232] 8.F.6. Rating Summary Points
[0233] 8.G. Inquisitiveness
[0234] 8.H. Prioritized Interrupts
[0235] 8.I. Suspend/resume of awareness subscriptions
[0236] 9. Refresh
[0237] 9.A. Awareness hidden subscription model
[0238] 9.B. Things grabbed from stream are auto-subscribed
[0239] 10. Network
[0240] 10.A. Packet data
[0241] 10.B. Gateways
[0242] 11. Device
[0243] 11.A. Hardware
[0244] 11.A.1. Physical configuration
[0245] 11.A.2. Analog responder
[0246] 11.B. Software
[0247] 12. User
[0248] 12.A. Operational empathy
[0249] 12.B. Expectation management
[0250] 13. Network Energy
[0251] 14. Community Systems
1. Introduction and Overview
[0252] 1.A. Contextually aware client
[0253] 1.B. Network
[0254] 1.B.1. Wireless: FIG. 1A is a simplified pictorial
representation of the present invention in broad overview. The
present invention is directed to a novel location-aware wireless
communication appliance and related network as well as novel
functions and novel commercial activity enabled by the system.
[0255] As is shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of global position
satellites S1, S2, SN are provided in orbit around planet earth.
Each of the global position satellites transmits global position
signals such as GPS1, GPS2, and GPSN. The details of the preferred
global position system (GPS) will be discussed below.
[0256] Additionally, details of alternative position determination
systems will also be discussed. As is shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality
of users are distributed in diverse geographic locations, such as
locations L1, L2, LN. More particularly, in the view of FIG. 1A,
user U1 is located in geographic location L1. User U2 is also
located in geographic region L1. User U3 is located in geographic
region L2. Additionally, user U4 is located in geographic region
L2. As is shown, user U5 is located in geographic region LN.
Additionally, user UN is located in geographic region LN.
[0257] A plurality of wireless transmission towers T1, T2, and TN
are provided and distributed about the diverse geographic regions
in order to provide wireless, bi-directional communication
capabilities. As is shown in the view of FIG. 1A, tower T1 is
located in geographic region L1 and serves the users located in
that geographic region. Tower T2 is located in geographic region L2
and is utilized to serve the users located in that geographic
region. Tower TN is located in region LN and is utilized to serve
users in that particular geographic region.
[0258] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, each of users U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, and UN is equipped
with his or her own personal location-aware wireless communication
appliance D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and DN. The users U1, U2, U3, U4, U5
and UN utilize the location-aware wireless communication appliances
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, DN in order to perform bi-directional
communication operations through towers T1, T2, and TN. Preferably,
each of the towers T1, T2, TN is communicatively coupled to a
regional computing and traffic management system such as computing
systems C1, C2, CN utilizing land line communication pathways LL1,
LL2, LLN. Additionally, each of the regional computing and traffic
management data processing systems C1, C2, CN are communicatively
coupled utilizing land lines preferably to a network computer NC1
which is preferably located at a service center.
[0259] It should be appreciated that FIG. 1A is a highly symbolic
and simplified view of the location-aware communication appliances
and related network system. In practice, there may be hundreds of
thousands of users broadly distributed over a wide range of
geographic regions. For example, there may be several hundred
thousand users located in North America. Most users will reside in
areas which are serviced by preexisting communication towers which
are capable of communication through packet data transfer. More
particularly, in the preferred embodiment, the present invention
utilizes GSM/GPRS in order to communicate digital content
bi-directionally throughout the network.
[0260] For example, systems running on network computer NC1 at the
service center may be utilized to broadcast or narrowcast
particular information in the form of digital content to one or
more particular users. For example, an advertisement may be
transmitted from the network computer NC1 of the service center to
users U1 and U2 in geographic location L1. Alternatively, the
location-aware wireless communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
and DN may be utilized to allow particular users or groups of users
to communicate with one another utilizing the GSM/GPRS as a
communication protocol. For example, user U1 may utilize
location-aware wireless communication appliance D1 to engage in a
text-based "chat" with user UN who is located at a distant
geographic location LN. In order to engage in the text-based
chatting, user U1 will enter textual messages on his location-aware
wireless communication appliance D1. The location-aware wireless
communication appliance D1 will perform a wireless communication
operation through tower T1. Tower T1 will utilize regional computer
C1 and the local land lines LL1 in order to communicate with the
network computer NC1 at the service center. Network computer NC1 at
the service center will then communicate utilizing land lines LLN
and regional computer CN in order to energize tower T1 in a
predetermined manner in order to communicate the GSM/GPRS from
tower TN to the location-aware wireless communication appliance DN
which is under the control of user UN.
[0261] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, the network computer NC1 "knows" that user UN is in
geographic locale LN which is within the transmission range of
tower TN because location-aware wireless communication appliance DN
has previously announced its availability to network computer NC1
through wireless communication or interaction with tower TN. In
accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention,
and as will be discussed in greater detail below, each of the
location-aware wireless communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4,
D5, and DN include a global positioning system integrated into the
device. Each of the users U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, and UN may determine
if and when the device will announce its location and availability
to a particular one of towers T1, T2, and TN. It can be appreciated
that, with a great number of users or with heavy communication
traffic, a plurality of service centers may be provided, each
equipped with a network computer, such as network computer NC1.
[0262] While the preferred embodiment of the present invention
relies upon GSM/GPRS in order to enable bi-directional
communication, alternative and/or additional modes of communication
or communication protocols may be utilized in order to allow
communication over the network, including communication between
particular users or groups of users and communication between the
network and particular users or groups of users. This is
illustrated in a high level block diagram format in FIG. 1B. As is
shown, the handheld devices 101 may communicate with tower systems
103 utilizing wireless, bi-directional CDPD communications 105;
however, other wireless protocols 107 may be utilized to allow
communication between tower systems 103 and handheld devices 101.
The tower systems 103 communicate with the network server 109 over
electrical or optical bi-directional channel 111 utilizing an IP
protocol. Other protocols 1 13 may be utilized to communicate
bi-directionally between network server 109 and tower systems 103.
Preferably, network server 109 includes dedicated systems, such as
tower traffic manager 115 which is utilized to manage the
communication traffic between network server 109 and tower system
103. Additionally, network servers should include a customer
database 119 and a merchant database 121. If a plurality of
communication protocols are utilized, the traffic manager 117 may
also be provided. As is shown in the view of FIG. 1B, a plurality
of input/output systems are provided to handle alternative,
additional, and supplemental communication modes. For example, a
telecom input/output server 123 is provided in order to manage
communication with network server 109 which is conducted over
landlines 133. Alternatively, receiver server 125 is provided to
manage cellular communications 131. Additionally, or alternatively,
an HTML or XML server 127 may be provided to handle bi-directional
input 129.
[0263] It should be understood that the location-aware clients
could be location-aware clients that are wireless connected to a
local area wireless network such as that possible using 802.11
ethernet technology and that that remain relatively stationary with
respect to global position.
[0264] 1.B.2. Wired: It should also be understood that the
location-aware clients could be connected using a hard-wired
network, such as a cable television communication network or a
fiber optic communication network. Of course, in such hard-wired
applications, the location aware client appliances remain
relatively stationary.
[0265] 1.C. Delivery of content: In accordance with the preferred
embodiment, transmission of information in the form of digital
content can be broadcast or narrowcast in direct response to a user
request or may be broadcast or narrowcast due to the relevancy of
the information to the user's current contexts.
[0266] 1.C.1. Delivery in Response to User Request: User requested
information is information that the user wishes to have, but must
actively search for and retrieve. By this, it is meant that the
information will not be presented to the user without some action
taken by the user. An example of user requested content is
obtaining a telephone number from directory assistance. Unless the
user initiates a phone call to directory assistance and specifies
the name of the individual or business for which he or she needs
the phone number, the desired phone number will not seek out and
deliver itself to the user.
[0267] 1.C.2. Delivery Based on Context: Contextually relevant
content is content that is relevant to the client's current
contexts, such as time, place and preferences. Examples of
contextually relevant information: Pizza coupon delivered to a
household that is in the recent vicinity of a pizza restaurant is
contextually relevant information; and a traffic information
display above a highway or interstate that displays traffic
conditions on the road ahead.
[0268] 1.C.3. Subscription: Prior request or permission for
information to be delivered later either in context or not.
2. Creating Value
[0269] By delivering information in context, the client device
creates a great deal of value for the user by reducing the amount
of time that the user spends actively seeking the information that
he or she wants.
[0270] 2.A. Creating value for users: Delivering information in
context creates a great deal of value for users by reducing the
amount of time that users spends actively seeking the information
that they wish to have. Rather than the individual being required
to take the time to locate and acquire information, contextual
delivery allows the information to be sent to the user without the
user's attention so that the user may view the information at his
or her convenience.
[0271] 2.A.1. Feeling connected: The social nature of humans
typically makes them want to feel connected to their friends and to
the communities around them with which they interact. The
information that provides this connected feeling includes, but is
not limited to, is the location and availability of other
individuals, news that publicizes the current situations of
celebrity individuals, events and activities involving church and
community organizations, and events and activities involving
friends and relatives.
[0272] 2.A.2. Keeping up with what is important, such as news.
[0273] 2.A.3. Reminders (in time and space) After setting and
naming a geographic region and/or time range, a user can set a
reminding alert to be triggered upon entry or exit of this named
space.
[0274] 2.A.4. Communicating
[0275] 2.A.4.a. Instant Messaging (IM): Instant messages are
transferred with minimal latency between the sender and recipient.
The recipient can set a notification of the incoming message.
Instant messaging also allows the sender to know if the recipient
is available to receive a message. Within the context of the
present invention, instant messages are carried through the network
as with any other routed digital content. The current status of the
recipient is presented through the generalized awareness model
which operates through a hidden subscription model. User status
information is published and this information is pushed to users
who have the proper level of authorization.
[0276] 2.A.4.b. E-mail
[0277] 2.A.4.c. Voice
[0278] 2.A.5. Finding what they need, such as news articles,
driving directions, addresses, phone numbers, contact information,
merchandise, food, clothing, and entertainment.
[0279] 2.A.5.a. Contextual searches (e.g., driving direction from
current location).
[0280] 2.A.6. Rich media experience: Dynamic, animated full-color
graphics.
[0281] 2.B. Creating value for developers: The following features
of the present invention create value for developers:
[0282] 2.B.1. Higher level development environment (through
scripting of MM Flash);
[0283] 2.B.2. "Mobile Flash" extensions; and
[0284] 2.B.3. Best environment to create low-bandwidth, rich media,
high interaction.
[0285] 2.C. Creating value for wireless operators: The following
features of the present invention create value for wireless
operator:
[0286] 2.C.1. 3G experience on a 2.5G packet network
[0287] 2.C.2. Lets operators be more than a data pipe
[0288] 2.C.3. First platform that can be monetized: Each and every
piece of digital content is accompanied by a plurality of
revenue/expense data representing things like revenue/expense of
acquisition of the digital content, revenue/expense to deliver the
digital content over various channels, revenue/expense for user to
view the digital content, and revenue/expense to interact with the
digital content. Bookkeeping operations are performed at every
stage of the transport of the digital content and balances are
kept. These account balances are used influence the delivery
probabilities of this digital content.
[0289] 2.D. Creating value for device manufacturers: The following
features of the present invention create value for device
manufactures:
[0290] 2.D.1. Wireless, rich media reference design.
[0291] 2.D.2. Hooks to recurring revenue: Since the originator and
transport agents of digital content on this network are
specifically identified for each piece of digital content, ongoing
revenues (if any) can be apportioned to each as they are due.
[0292] 2.E. Creating value for merchants: The following features of
the present invention create value for merchants:
[0293] 2.E.1. Rich media.
[0294] 2.E.2. Contextual analysis of data.
[0295] 2.E.3. Aggregated user data.
[0296] 2.E.4. Transactional capability: Because the plurality of
revenue/expense data associated with each piece of digital content
can represent revenue for the user, merchants can set up campaigns
that reward or debit users for certain behaviors, interactions, or
transactions. For example, a piece of digital content which has a
certain location contextual sensitivity could reward a user if they
approach a physical storefront. Also, another piece of digital
content representing a digital coupon upon interaction could debit
a users account.
3. Basic Concepts
[0297] The types of information described above can be represented
in a digital format that can be generated, stored, manipulated and
transmitted by computers. The digital format of this information is
what is termed "digital content" or simply "content."
[0298] 3.A. Content: Content is the primary digital construct on
which the network platform operates. The network platform
establishes an environment, in which content is created, wrapped
(i.e., defined in terms of meta-data), routed, delivered,
presented, and refreshed. The network platform constitutes an
infrastructure to satisfy the content-related objectives of both
content providers and consumers.
[0299] Because of the digital nature of the network, there exists a
need to represent real-world information, such as that described
above in section 2, as digital content that a computer can store,
manipulate and transmit. Information can be represented as digital
content in many different textual and graphical forms. For example,
a restaurant establishment may publish its address and times during
which the establishment is open to patrons in a simple textual
format or by generating graphical advertisements for potential
patrons to see. People may wish to make their context information
available in a textual format and even a picture accessible in a
graphical format. Communications such as instant messages and email
are typically represented in a textual format. Events such as
concerts and movies are typically represented in audio or video
formats.
[0300] The network platform is content-centric, in that it provides
a context-based vehicle for routing, packaging, presenting, and
interacting with content. The network platform utilizes an expanded
definition of content that treats (1) everything that is displayed
on, or potentially displayed on, the screen; and (2) user requests
as items of content. This content-centric perspective enables a
wide variety of things, all considered content items by the
platform to be treated by the system in the same uniform, but
flexible, way. In essence this approach creates an organic system
populated by content items that are treated and behave as living
organisms. In this system content items can self-route and
self-organize. This approach provides a unique and elegant layering
between content presentation mechanisms and content delivery,
packaging, and scheduling mechanisms.
[0301] 3.A.1. Elements: Content exists in the network platform in
three parts: (1) a data form that contains the information, (2) the
presentation which is visually and audibly shown to users, and (3)
a meta-data form that is a descriptive profile of the data and that
can exist separate from the data.
[0302] The meta-data form, hereafter referred to as the "wrapper",
is used by the computational mechanisms in the network platform to
route, deliver, present and refresh the data form, hereafter
referred to as the "content item" or "content items". Thus, the
wrapper provides all the information needed for the content items
to behave appropriately and effectively in the network platform.
That is, the wrapper, by interacting with the network platform's
computational environment, controls the behavior of the content
items throughout the system. In this way, each content item acts in
ways that are congruent with its intended objectives.
[0303] Hereafter, the wrapper and associated data and presentation
elements are together referred to as "content."
[0304] 3.A.1.a. Meta-data (wrapper): Additionally, the content of
messages A through G may be analyzed and "coded" as corresponding
to particular types of content. For example, the communication of
message B relates to content subjects X, Y. Additionally, the
advertisement of message E from merchant 2 relates to content L, M.
In practice, the network may manage hundreds or thousands of
categories of subject matter. The network may require that members,
including users and merchants, enter or select category
designations or key words in order to allow sorting and analysis of
the message. Alternatively, a software agent could be established
which parses the content of the message and infers its content.
This would lessen the burden on the merchant and the users but may
result in some misidentification or miscategorization of the
digital content. In accordance with the present invention, privacy,
preference, and content information is utilized in order to filter,
accelerate, prioritize, or block particular types of content.
[0305] Additionally, as has been discussed previously, location
information may also be an important basis for transmitting,
sorting, or prioritizing communications.
[0306] Wrappers point to one or more content items and can exist in
the system independent of the content items to which the wrappers
point. This independence provides the ability for wrappers carrying
information-rich meta-data to move around the network without the
overhead of moving all of the data in the content items themselves.
This is beneficial because wrappers contain data in binary and/or
textual format and tend to be much smaller in size than the content
items which typically contain data in a graphical and/or audio
format and tend to be much larger in size. Thus, content is often
treated referentially. A data structure contained in the wrapper,
called a header, contains zero or more links to associated content
item(s) and provides the basis for the reference between a given
content item(s) and the wrapper(s) that point to it. A content item
can be pointed to by more than one wrapper. This permits the reuse
of content items across different presentation packages or the
categorization of contents at multiple cognitive levels.
Presentation packages refer to complete sets of one or more content
items that together form a screen-ready presentation. Each
presentation package is defined by a wrapper and is unique in the
system. Empty wrappers (those pointing to zero content items) are
used to probe and gather intelligence about probable content needs
and to make content distribution more effective and efficient.
[0307] 3.A.1.a.1. Purposes:
[0308] All content items have wrappers. The wrappers provide
information for the following purposes.
[0309] 1. Separates meta-data about the content from the content
itself, thus enabling efficient routing and delivery. This enables
routing to devices by proactive probing (need to elaborate).
[0310] 2. Uniquely identifies a complete content presentation
package.
[0311] 3. Integrates content items into complete presentation
packages.
[0312] 4. Controls both specified routing and self-routing of
content.
[0313] 5. Specifying several parameters that control the
presentation of content (e.g., maximum number of plays, loneliness
interval).
[0314] a. Prerequisites: These control the sequencing of multiple
presentation packages.
[0315] b. Time/space contextual sensitivities that impact the
neediness of content in context.
[0316] c. Maximum number of plays.
[0317] d. Loneliness constant.
[0318] e. Preliminary specific preference rating (similarity rating
through relationship network).
[0319] 6. Specifies the life span of content.
[0320] 7. Includes an inferred preference rating.
[0321] 3.A.1.a.2. Components: Wrappers consist of tagged data
elements that are organized into three major structures: a header,
sensitivities, and content-association key(s). The structures are
for organizational purposes only and should not be considered a
limiting construct of the wrapper. The wrapper may include the data
elements listed, but is not limited to these elements and optional
data elements may be present in some cases. In addition, some data
elements are optional and are not required for every content item.
Each of the major structures is described in more detail in the
following sections.
[0322] 3.A.1.a.2.a. Header: Header information is the first major
part of the wrapper meta-data about content packages.
[0323] i. Content ID: The content ID is a unique identifier that is
used to identify a content item. It prevents collisions with
content items with identical IDs, preventing multiple instances of
the same content item. An example of a unique identifier would be a
CRC (checksum calculated using a polynomial algorithm) generated
from the content item's digital data.
[0324] ii. Content type: An identifier that identifies the broad
category of the content item. For example, game, music, message,
etc.
[0325] iii. Node destination: Lists one or more node ID's to which
the wrapper will be routed. Node ID's refer to the nodes in the
relationship network, to be discussed later. This may exist in
different formats. These should not be confused with content ID's.
If no destination nodes are listed, then the wrapper is
self-routing and uses location sensitivities specified elsewhere in
the wrapper for routing.
[0326] iv. Node origin: The node ID from which the content
originates.
[0327] v. Delivery latency: A time latency specified by the content
creator. This latency is used to schedule the delivery of content
efficiently on the basis its presentation needs. For example, a
content item that will not be presented for a week need not be
delivered until it is available for presentation. This is similar
to a just-in-time delivery strategy. It permits the memory on the
device to be used for the neediest content.
[0328] vi. Creation time: A time stamp indicating the time and date
at which the wrapper was created.
[0329] vii. Expiration time: A time stamp indicating the time and
date at which the content item will expire, and no longer be
available to be selected for presentation.
[0330] viii. Linkage count: The number of content items that need
to put together to form a complete content presentation package.
This may be zero for probing wrappers.
[0331] ix. Linkages list: The list of content ID's for the content
items that form the complete content presentation package that is
defined by the wrapper. The number of ID's must equal the value of
the Linkage count variable.
[0332] x. Package status: A binary value that indicates whether or
not all of the content items listed in the linkages list are ready
and available for presentation. When this value is "no," the
presentation is blocked.
[0333] 3.A.1.a.2.b. Sensitivities: Sensitivities are the second
major structure of the wrapper. Sensitivities are expressed as
context variable value conditions that are important to the content
package. Matches between these value conditions and the current
context trigger changes in content-related behaviors and
computations.
[0334] i. Prerequisite Count: The number of prerequisite
presentation packages.
[0335] ii. Prerequisite List: A list of content ID's that specify
the prerequisite presentation packages for the package defined by
the wrapper. A prerequisite refers to a presentation package that
must be played before the package that lists it as a prerequisite.
Thus, a prerequisite will block presentation of a package listing
it until the prerequisite is presented. If more than one
prerequisite is listed, any one of them can satisfy the
prerequisite, similar to an exclusive OR operator. Each
prerequisite is specified in terms of the following variables:
[0336] a. Content ID.
[0337] b. Acceptence variable.
[0338] iii. Space/Time Dimple Count: The number of space/time
sensitivity areas.
[0339] iv. Space/Time Dimple List: The specification of times
and/or places in which the neediness value of the presentation
package is impacted. The impact can be either positive or
negative.
[0340] 1. Space/time Cylinder: Specifies the expansiveness of the
sensitivity area.
[0341] 2. Sensitivity Value: Specifies the degree and direction of
impact on neediness.
[0342] v. Max Views: The maximum number of times the presentation
package can be presented on a single device.
[0343] vi. Habit Model Category Flags: The list of habit model
categories that will impact the neediness of the presentation
package when they are triggered.
[0344] vii. Presentation Characteristics:
[0345] viii. PG-Rating Flags: These provide a means to enable
parental control over the types of content that a minor
device-holder can have access to. These flags provide a blocking
mechanism for content.
[0346] ix. Initial Specific Rating: The relationship network
enables device-holders to create valued links to other
device-holders. One type of value associated with a link is a
directed similarity rating. In creating a link and applying a
similarity rating the originating device-holder is indicating that
the terminating device-holder has similar content preferences, at
least to the degree of the rating. When the terminating
device-holder rates content these ratings are communicated through
the network so as to set the preference rating for the same
presentation package on the originating device-holder's device, if
that same package has not yet been rated by the originating
device-holder.
[0347] x. Earn or burn: Values indicating the degree to which the
presentation of the package will burn or earn the currency of
network energy. The value can be a fixed amount or a rate.
[0348] xi. Is Earn or Burn a Rate Flag: A binary value (yes/no)
indicating whether or not the value of the earn or burn field is a
rate and accumulates with interaction.
[0349] xii. Additional Rating Earn (for rating content):
[0350] xiii. Loneliness Time Constant: A time value that specifies
the interval over which a presentation package's neediness will
return to a nominal value and beyond following its
presentation.
[0351] xiv. Is Interruptive Flag: A binary value, i.e., "yes" or
"no," indicating whether or not the presentation package can
interrupt the normal flow of content on the device screen.
Interruptive content may have the effect of replacing currently
playing content on the screen before that content is finished.
[0352] xv. Can Be Mentor: A binary value, i.e., "yes" or "no,"
indicating whether or not the presentation package, when it is
explicitly rated, can be used as a mentor for other content.
[0353] xvi. Is It a Question. Flag which converts rating actions to
survey input.
[0354] 3.A.1.a.2.c. Associations: Content associations are the
third major part of the wrapper. Associations are used to compute
the degree of similarity among content items.
[0355] In the content selection engine (server-side, to be
discussed later), content item similarity is used for content
selection. On the client scheduler, it can be used for automatic
assignment of content items to arrangements.
[0356] The set of associations constitutes a model of the
abstracted semantic structure of content items. Each association is
modeled as a dimension for a given characteristic of content.
Dimension can model either a unipolar association (e.g., movies),
or a bipolar association (e.g., sedentary--active). There are two
main types of associations: categories and properties. Neither
categories nor properties alone provide a satisfactory model of the
content relationships (as content is defined herein) that are
needed to produce robust inductive inferences about user
preferences. What is needed is a model that can represent both
categories and properties in a way that permits inferences to be
made from complex combinations of both.
[0357] Collectively, the content associations specify a set of
semantic dimensions along which content items can be modeled. The
dimensions describe an N-dimensional Euclidean space, where N is
the number of dimensions. Each content item is assigned a value
along each dimension, thus a given content item is represented by
an point in the N-dimensional semantic space.
[0358] Values are assigned to dimensions on the basis of a
subjective judgment that answers the question "to what degree is
the category or feature that is represented by the dimension
associated with the content item?" The "associated with" judgment
subsumes all of the more specific types of relationships content
items can have with each other. That is, the relationships such as:
is, is a, is a type of, is a property of, has, has a, contains, and
is contained in, among others are all included in the "associated
with" assessment. Thus, the model provides a broad reach for
computing similarity across complex inter-content
relationships.
[0359] In the present technique inter-content item similarity is
computed as a distance between the points occupied by each content
item in the N-dimensional space. That is, the content association
model defines a generic and fixed semantic structure that can be
used to compute the similarity between any number of content items.
This means that in applying the content association model, the
number of judgments to be made is fixed and independent of the
number of content items being modeled. Mapping a content item to a
point in the space always involves the assigning values to the same
number of dimensions. Computing the distance between two content
items always involves the same number of comparisons. This is
accomplished by uncoupling the association dimensions from the
content items themselves.
[0360] To sum up, the content association model meets the following
needs and provides the following advantages. The content
association model:
[0361] 1. Is not category or feature specific, and provides a
unified treatment of categories and properties as dimensions. This
enables complex multidimensional relationships that cut across both
categories and properties to be identified.
[0362] 2. Incorporates a pre-defined, finite and stable number of
judgments that are independent of the number of content items being
modeled.
[0363] 3. Defines an absolute (rather than a relative) semantic
structure that is based on dimensions, rather than on a specific
set of content items and their relationships
[0364] 4. Employs "degree associated with" judgments the include
all other specific relationships, thus, creating a greater reach by
being able to establish relationships that cut across specific
types of relationships.
[0365] 5. Provides for gradations (fuzziness) in the assignment of
the characteristic to content items.
[0366] 6. Can include both unipolar and bipolar dimensions
[0367] 7. Can be used to assess similarity in a computationally
efficient way.
[0368] A set of association dimensions is listed below separated
into groups. The content association model is not limited to these
specific associations or the specific number of dimensions.
[0369] Category Associations include:
[0370] Media associations include: movies, TV, music, radio, books,
magazines, periodicals, live performances, telecommunications,
Internet, and WWW.
[0371] Music genre associations include: classic, pop, rock,
country/western, jazz, and edge.
[0372] Restaurant genre associations include: fast food, seafood,
bistro/caf, barbeque, and deli.
[0373] Other genre associations include: drama, comedy, action,
horror, sci-fi, fantasy, documentary.
[0374] Recreation and activity associations include: sports, games,
food, beverages, cars, motorcycles, boats, shopping, travel, and
sightseeing.
[0375] Participatory activities associations include: games,
general sports, winter sports, water sports, bicycling, roller
blading, and skate boarding.
[0376] Lifestyle associations include: lifestyle, advice, clothes,
fashion, beauty, dating, romance, fitness, and health.
[0377] Gender associations include: masculine and feminine.
[0378] Education associations include: school, education,
government, culture, and religion.
[0379] Work associations include: jobs and public service.
[0380] Content type associations include: message, game,
entertainment item (includes visual and musical), interface skins
and other similar types of things, event announcement, offer,
advertisement, review, data (e.g., weather, sports scores, stock
quotes), question, geo notice, general news, service provider
message, and personal account information (from service provider or
other e-commerce entity).
[0381] Ethnic associations include: American, Cajun, British,
French, Italian, Mexican, Spanish, Carribian, Indian, Greek,
German, Chinese, Japanese, African, Middle-Eastern,
[0382] Property associations include:
[0383] Emotional associations include: violence, sexual, tragedy,
romance, serious, and fun.
[0384] Spatial associations include: local, urban, and rural.
[0385] Temporal associations include: near-term, one-time,
repetitive, brief, and time-consuming.
[0386] Activity associations include: sedentary and active.
[0387] Cognitive associations include: popular and
intellectual.
[0388] Social associations include: solitary and shared.
[0389] Other associations include: classiness, inside, outside,
quiet, loud, functional, and artistic.
[0390] Interactive associations include: fixed, mobile, and
interactiveness.
[0391] Physical associations include: physical and virtual.
[0392] 3.A.1.b. Data (Content item): Content items are the element
(or form) of content that contains the information that is visually
and/or audibly presented to users. Content items may exist in many
digital forms. They may exist as a movie in a presentation format
such as a Macromedia Flash or Apple QuickTime, or they may exist as
a still JPEG or GIF graphic image. Content items may also exist as
textual or graphical information that must be combined with one or
more additional content items for presentation, such as a an XML
file that requires a Macromedia Flash movie to act as a template
that parses in the XML data and presents it in a Macromedia Flash
player.
[0393] As mentioned above, content items may exist in many digital
forms. Macromedia Flash is an optimum format with which to deliver
maximum value to all of the users of network 11. Macromedia Flash
is a complete solution incorporating:
[0394] 1. A compact, space-efficient file format that is well
matched to current wireless data network capacities;
[0395] 2. An interactive user presentation based on a time-based
animation format;
[0396] 3. A file format that can contain a large number of rich
vector and raster image formats like JPEG and GIF, and a number of
audio formats like MP3 and WAV;
[0397] 4. A small and highly efficient graphics rendering engine
well matched to current handheld device capabilities;
[0398] 5. An object-based procedural scripting language; and
[0399] 6. A complete set of authoring tools.
[0400] While Macromedia Flash is a complete solution, other
language and data formats may be used. Other language formats
include but are not limited to HTML, DHTML, CHTML, WML and Apple
QuickTime. Other data formats include, but are not limited to plain
text, MP3, WAV, MIDI, JPEG, GIF and PNG.
[0401] 3.A.2. Routing: Content items can be created and injected
into the network from a variety of origins and need to be
distributed to various destinations in the network. Routing is the
process of efficiently and intelligently directing content items
from their point of origin in the network to their appropriate
destinations. Content items are routed in two basic ways.
[0402] Destination-specific routing is used to direct a content
item to one or more specifically identified destinations. This
method is used when specific destinations in the networks are
known.
[0403] Self-routing is used to direct a content item to all
destinations (i.e., users) that the system predicts will need or
want the content item. No specific destinations are targeted.
[0404] These predictions are formed in the process of making
probabilistic content selections for individual users using several
types of information about the content items, content item
interrelationships, and users.
[0405] See Section 6 below for a more complete discussion of
routing mechanisms.
[0406] 3.A.2.a. Specifically routed: Messages with a destination,
such as content targeting a certain/specific place, but if a
broadcast channel exists, it might be done a different way.
[0407] 3.A.2.b. Self routed: Content Similarity is concerned with
what it means for two pieces of content to be similar to each
other, and why it is necessary to know this. This refers to how
similar the wrapper context sensitivities are, not the actual
content. There may be a need to probe more deeply into the actual
data part of the content (when it is text) for certain similarity
computations (beyond searching).
[0408] The present invention uses the content similarity in two
applications: finding content "mentors" and self-organizing
grouping.
[0409] In finding mentors is identifying specifically rated content
that the user is likely to have a similar opinion about. Of course,
this process can never be exact, but it does not have to be, it
need only represent some first order approximation to a level of
similarity.
[0410] The present invention limits what is compared to four
categories:
[0411] 1. The basic type of wrapper (game, offer, IM, question,
etc.) (match or no match).
[0412] 2. Who the originator of the content is (match or no
match).
[0413] 3. Location/time cylinder proximity (this is a value).
[0414] 4. Content Associations (this is a Euclidean distance
between all 96 dimensions of associations).
[0415] The routines should be set up to filter the parameters that
participate in the similarity calculation (e.g., "similar in what
way?"). For the first three listed above, this is just use/do not
use, for the associations, it is a mask for each association.
[0416] When selecting mentors, Content Associations are the primary
mechanism, with location/time being secondarily used.
[0417] For grouping calculations, initially all factors are taken
into consideration, but user actions can modify which fields are
used for similarity testing i.e., adding something to an
arrangement identifies what is the differences that don't
matter--removing a something from a tree identifies fields where
similarity is apparently not significant.
[0418] The similarity calculations are straightforward equality
checks for the type of wrapper and originator of content. The
location/time cylinder comparisons are relatively simple distance
calculations returning a distance and an intersection flag. The
content association calculations appear more complex, but are
really just simple distance calculations done in an efficient way
using bit-wise math.
[0419] 3.A.3. Auto-updateable. This section is explained below.
[0420] 3.A.3.a. Subscriptions. This topic is explained below.
[0421] 3.B. Context: Context influences the delivery and
presentation of content to a user. A variety of factors,
circumstances and conditions describe the current context and
affect the probability of content delivery and presentation.
[0422] Context is maintained on the client device through various
mechanisms that obtain and store context state information
including but not limited to time, location, named places
(time/space cylinders) and user preferences (ratings). Different
aspects of context influence content delivery and presentation in
different ways. These aspects include, but are not limited to 1)
device context such as battery level and network connection status,
2) objective context such as time, location, user identity and
account balance, 3) subjective context such as active user
interaction and PG-rating filter, and 4) preference context such as
content ratings.
[0423] Context may include, but is not limited to:
[0424] 3.B.1. Device context
[0425] a. Is it connected to network?
[0426] b. Is it connected to computer?
[0427] c. Is it battery powered?
[0428] d. Is location known?
[0429] e. Is pipe fat?
[0430] f. Is screen active?
[0431] g. Is front light on?
[0432] h. Is headphone in?
[0433] i. What is the battery level?
[0434] j. What is the network connection status?
[0435] k. Where GPS status ?
[0436] l. What is the state of the input devices?
[0437] m. Is the expansion slot full?
[0438] n. What is the user currently doing?
[0439] o. Is a phone call in progress?
[0440] 3.B.2. Objective context
[0441] a. Location (GPS):
[0442] 1. The location-aware feature of the present invention
allows the device to determine its geographical location at all
times. This location information can be used by the habit modeling
software on the device and it may be transmitted by the user to
other users on network 11 so that the other users may maintain
awareness of the location of the transmitting user. The preferred
location-aware system is a conventional GPS that will be adapted
such that the user may assign colloquial names, or aliases, to
actual locations to maintain privacy and security when the user's
location is transmitted to other users on network 11.
[0443] 2. An alternate location-aware system works in conjunction
with the preferred GPS system when signals from the GPS system are
weak or masked by geological features. A current alternate system
uses the location of towers T1, T2, and TN and signal triangulation
to supplement the GPS system. If a user is communicating over a
specific tower T1, T2, or TN, and the GPS system loses location
awareness, network 11 will monitor which tower T1, T2, or TN is
being used. It may be possible to regain the device's approximate
location through signal triangulation. Such approximate location
information may be used until the GPS system regains location
awareness. Recorded changes in the tower being used, made before
the GPS system regains location awareness, indicate to network 11
that the user's location has changed. Location changes that are
recorded due to tower changes are not assigned as much weight or
reliability as location changes recorded by the GPS system. Thus,
the confidence placed by network 11 in the device's actual location
may be affected by the method in which the location awareness
information is obtained.
[0444] 3. It should be understood that the location-aware system
may also work simply with the location information from individual
towers T1, T2, or TN.
[0445] b. Current space-time cylinder: According to the present
invention, the range of GPS positions associated with the
particular generalized location identifiers described above are
modeled on the following:
[0446] 1. A two dimensional polygon space;
[0447] 2. A three dimensional polygon space;
[0448] 3. A circle;
[0449] 4. A cylinder;
[0450] 5. A combinations of shapes;
[0451] 6. Clustered circle shapes; and/or
[0452] 7. Clustered cylindrical shapes.
[0453] c. Named location category:
[0454] 1. As regions and/or time ranges are named by the user, they
may be categorized into general categories such as home, school,
work, etc. In this situation, the generalized location identifiers
include at least user-defined general location identifiers. This
location category is made available as another element of the
current context which, when interacting with a matching contextual
sensitivity in a digital content wrapper can influence the
probability of the presentation of content in the stream.
[0455] As mentioned above, network 11 manages user location
information as "fuzzy" data. In other words, network 11 does not
identify the user's location in terms of raw GPS data, such as
longitude and latitude, but instead manages data based upon
colloquial names for the locations. For example, the designators
"home," "school," "mall," "Work place," "restaurant A," "restaurant
B," "game arcade" may be utilized in lieu of precise GPS data. This
is necessary in order to preserve the privacy of the user and to
minimize safety issues relating to the precise location of users,
particularly adolescents. In contrast, however, the non-adolescent
entities that are members of network 11 or commercially affiliated
with network 11 may, in fact, be unconcerned about the privacy and
security issues related to the precise or exact location of their
places of operation. For example, a video game arcade and the
restaurants which are identified as places frequented by a
particular user may have a precisely known location within a
database on network 11.
[0456] The utilization of fuzzy data to identify user location is
one means of diminishing the communication bandwidth requirements
of the network 11. Another means of achieving bandwidth efficiency
comes from not continuously transmitting the user's geographic
location. For the present invention, there is little or no need to
constantly transmit the user's GPS location, either in fuzzy form
or raw data. The location of the user is only transmitted to
network 11 when the user changes location. In the preferred
embodiment, each time the user identifies a particular location
with an alias or colloquial name, network 11 assigns and associates
a selected geographic region around that particular location to the
alias or colloquial name. For example, if the user goes to her work
place and, while sitting at her desk, designates that location as
"work," all other locations within a selected radius will also be
considered by network 11 as "work." In this manner, the user is
free to move about at her work place without triggering
transmissions her GPS location to network 11.
[0457] Also, in order to maximize privacy and security for
adolescent users, the timing and manner in which location-aware
wireless communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5
communicate their location to network 11 is largely under the
control of the user. In other words, location-aware wireless
communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 will not
automatically and periodically announce their location in network
11. Location-aware wireless communication appliances D1, D2, D3,
D4, and D5 will announce their location to network 11 when, and if,
the individual user desires to establish an "on" status for use by
network 11 and receipt of network traffic.
[0458] FIG. 1F is a simplified pictorial representation of how
network 11 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
manages location data in a "fuzzy" management style. FIG. 1F
depicts a metropolitan region 201 which is serviced in general by a
plurality of wireless communication towers, including towers 203,
205, 207, 209 and 211. Each tower 203, 205, 207, 209 and 211 is
adapted to serve a particular service region, including service
regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221. In other words, the
communication capabilities of towers 203, 205, 207, 209 and 211 is
designed in order to provide good coverage over a pre-determined
service region within metropolitan region 201. In the aggregate,
towers 203, 205, 207, 209, 211 provide widespread coverage
throughout metropolitan region 201. If a user is traveling across
the metropolitan region 201, towers 203, 205, 207, 209 and 211 will
"hand off" communication tasks as the user approaches the outer
boundaries of service regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221.
Preferably, towers 203, 205, 207, 209 and 211 are located within
metropolitan region 201 such that the outer boundaries of service
regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221 overlap by a small amount,
thereby ensuring continuous and complete communication coverage
throughout metropolitan region 201.
[0459] Within each service region 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221,
there may be a plurality of favorite locations which have been so
designated by a particular user. Additionally, within each service
region 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221, there is preferably a plurality
of network affiliates who advertise particular goods and services
over network 11. Such network affiliates may be either non-profit
or for-profit entities. The network affiliates may also generate
consumable digital content and provide such digital content to
network 11 and all or selected users of network 11 for consumption.
This digital content may be provided for a fee, at no charge in the
manner of "shareware" digital content, or in the manner of
conventional broadcast communications, such as radio, television,
or satellite.
[0460] In the view of FIG. 1F, service region 213 includes two
favorite locations selectively identified by an exemplary user,
namely, favorite locations 225 and 227. Favorite locations 225 and
227 are identified within network 11 by selected colloquial
designations provided by the user. A plurality of network
affiliates are also located within service region 213, including
network affiliates 253, 255, 257, 259, and 261. Service region 213
is serviced by wireless communication tower 203. If the user is
within service region 213, and has established an "on" status,
network 11 will "know" that the user is located within the coverage
range of tower 203, and thus, located within region 213.
Accordingly, network 11 will preferentially direct communications,
digital content, and other network traffic, particularly from
favorite locations 225 and 227, which are specific to service
region 213 to the user.
[0461] Continuing with the example of FIG. 1F, the same applies for
service region 215 which is serviced by wireless communication
tower 205. In service region 215, the user has marked two favorite
locations, namely favorite locations 229 and 231. Favorite
locations 229 and 231 are identified within network 11 by selected
colloquial designations provided by the user. A plurality of
network affiliates are preferably located within region 215,
including network affiliates 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, and 278.
If the user engages network 11 while within service region 215, the
wireless communication will be conducted through tower 205.
Accordingly, network 11 will "know" that the user is located within
region 215. Network 11 may then preferentially direct
communications, digital content, and other network traffic which
are relevant to service region 215 to the user.
[0462] Continuing with the example, the same is true for service
region 217. Service region 217 is serviced by wireless
communication tower 207. The user has selectively identified a
plurality of favorite locations within region 207, including
favorite locations 233, 235, and 237. Favorite locations 233, 235,
and 237 are identified within network 11 by selected colloquial
designations provided by the user. Additionally, there is
preferably a plurality of network affiliates located within service
region 207, including network affiliates 275, 277, 279, 281, 283,
285, 287, 289, and 291, all of which provide various goods,
services, or digital content. When the user engages network 11
within service region 217, network 11 will "know" that the user is
located within service region 217, and may then preferentially
direct digital content, messages, and advertisements that are
relevant to service region 217 to the user.
[0463] Continuing with the example of FIG. 1F, service region 219
is serviced by wireless communication tower 209. The user has
selectively identified a plurality of favorite locations within
service region 219, including favorite locations 239, 241, 243, and
245. Favorite locations 239, 241, 243, and 245 are identified
within network 11 by selected colloquial designations provided by
the user. Additionally, there is preferably a plurality of network
affiliates located within service region 219, including network
affiliates 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 313,
315, and 317. When the user engages network 11 while located within
service region 219, wireless communication will be established via
tower 209. Accordingly, network 11 will "know" that the user is
located within region 219. With this information, network 11 may
preferentially direct communications, messages, and digital
content, particularly from favorite locations 239, 241, 243, and
245, and other network affiliates located within region 219 to the
user.
[0464] Continuing with the example of FIG. 1F, service region 221
is serviced by wireless communication tower 211. There is a
plurality of favorite locations selectively identified by the user
that are located within service region 221, including favorite
locations 247, 249, and 251. Favorite locations 247, 249, and 251
are identified within network 11 by selected colloquial
designations provided by the user. Additionally, there is
preferably a plurality of network affiliates located within service
region 221, including network affiliates 319, 321, 325, 327, 329,
and 331. If the user is within service region 221, and has
established an "on" status, network 11 will "know" the user is
within service region 221. Accordingly, network 11 may
preferentially direct digital content, messages, and advertisements
that are relevant to service region 221 to the user.
[0465] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, favorite locations 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237,
239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, and 251 within metropolitan region
201 are identified through user decision and user action by the
particular user. Some of favorite locations 225, 227, 229, 231,
233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, and 251 represent
places which are personal to the user and which have no precisely
known location within network 11. For example, a relative's house
may be known to network 11 only by a colloquial designation, such
as "Aunt Jane's house." Additionally, the user's home may also be
known only colloquially within network 11 as "home;" however, the
true location, including GPS location and street address, for
"home" may be known at some secure level within network 11, in
order to guard the privacy and to ensure the safety of the user.
For example, the address of "home" may be known by network 11 for
billing and other communication purposes only. Some favorite
places, such as "Aunt Jane's house," may never have a known precise
location, so far as network 11 is concerned. However, network 11
will "know" what region "Aunt Jane's house" is in, merely by
knowing the identity of the wireless communication tower 203, 205,
207, 209, or 211 that services the user when he or she is at "Aunt
Jane's house."
[0466] The example of FIG. 1F can be considered more fully in
combination with the exemplary data arrays depicted in the tables
of FIGS. 1G (1 of 5) through 1G (5 of 5). FIGS. 1G (1 of 5) through
1G (5 of 5) are simplified representations of the relationships
between towers 203, 205, 207, 209, and 211; service regions 213,
215, 217, 219, and 221; favorite locations 225, 227, 229, 231, 233,
235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, and 251; and network
affiliates 319, 321, 325, 327, 329, and 331. FIG. 1G (1 of 5)
represents tower 203 and service region 213. As is shown, service
regions 215 and 221 are listed as adjoining service regions.
Network 11 knows that adjoining service regions 215 and 221 are
adjacent to region 213. As shown in the table, favorite places 225
and 227 have been colloquially identified by the user over time as
Riding Stables 225 and Water Park 227, respectively. Some favorite
locations may also be network affiliates; therefore, their precise
GPS location and street address may be known to network 11.
However, if a favorite location 225 or 227 is not yet a network
affiliate, its precise GPS location and street address may not be
known to network 11. Riding Stables 225 and Water Park 227 have
been identified by affirmative action of the user and denote
favorite locations and/or activities of the user. As shown in the
next column of the table, a plurality of network affiliates 253,
255, 257, 259, and 261 are known by network 11 as Game Arcade 253,
Video Store 255, Taco Stand 257, Book Store 259, and Riding Supply
Store 261, respectively. Because these entities are network
affiliates of network 11, their precise GPS location and street
address are known to network 11. When the user is within region 213
and communicating with network 11 via tower 203, Game Arcade 253,
Video Store 255, Taco Stand 257, Book Store 259, and Riding Supply
Store 261, may have their advertisements, communications, and/or
digital content preferentially directed or routed to the user's
location-aware wireless communication appliance, such as appliance
D1.
[0467] As will be discussed in much greater detail below, the user
determines the types of messages, advertisements, and digital
content that are pulled from network 11 and transmitted to the
user's appliance D1. These preferences or desires may be determined
by appliance D1 and network 11 through analysis of the user's
behavior and activities, or through direct questioning or
interaction with the user. In the current example, since the user
obviously enjoys riding stables and water parks, advertisements,
communications, and/or digital content originating by, through, or
from Riding Supply Store 261 may be preferentially pulled from
network 11 and transmitted to the user's appliance D1. Because
network 11 knows, if alerted, that the user is within the
communication range of tower 203, network 11 may preferentially
direct such communications from Riding Supply Store 261 to the user
upon the assumption that communications and advertisements made
while the user is within proximity to Riding Supply Store 261 may
be more effective than communications and advertisements
communicated when the user is located in a region of metropolitan
region 201 that is remote from Riding Supply Store 261.
[0468] As an additional example, through the extensive profiling of
the user, network 11 may "know" that the user has little or no
interest in video games. Accordingly, communications and
advertisements from Game Arcade 253 may be blocked or barred from
communication to that particular user. In the preferred embodiment
of the present invention, as will be discussed in much greater
detail below, there is always some possibility that communications
relating to subject matters outside known interests of the user
will be communicated to the user. However, network 11 includes a
probabilistic modeling system for determining which communications
or digital content more closely fit the user profile. Based on this
probabilistic modeling system, appliance D1 determines which
communications to pull from network 11 and transmit to the user.
Accordingly, there is a higher probability of relevant
communications occurring and a lower probability of less relevant
communications occurring.
[0469] It is also important to note that if the user has
established an "on" status, network 11 is aware of the service
region in which the user is located and all adjoining service
regions. In this manner, network 11 is capable of monitoring travel
across service regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221, and may make
sophisticated analyses of such travel based upon location, time,
and changes in location and time, in order to infer action or
purpose. These attributes will be discussed in greater detail
below.
[0470] Continuing with the example, FIG. 1G (2 of 5) represents
tower 205 and service region 215. As is shown, service regions 213,
217, and 221 are listed as adjoining service regions. Network 11
"knows" that adjoining service regions 213, 217, and 221 are
adjacent to service region 215. As shown in the table, favorite
places 229, 231, and 233 have been colloquially identified by the
user over time as Aunt Jane's House 229, Linear Park 231, and
Pottery Supply Store 227, respectively. Of course, as the user
utilizes appliance D1, the user is unaware of which tower covers
which service regions. Consequently, the user is unaware of the
groupings of favorite places made by network 11, as they correspond
to tower identification, tower coverage, and service region
identification.
[0471] As is shown in this example, a plurality of network
affiliates 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, and 278 reside within
service region 215 and are known by network 11 as 24-Hour Gym 263,
Ice Skating Rink 265, Sporting Goods Superstore 267, Prom Dress
Shop 269, Belgian Chocolate Store 271, Pet Store 273, and Model
Train Store 278, respectively. Network 11 may be entirely unaware
of the actual location of Aunt Jane's House 229, Linear Park 231,
or Pottery Supply Store 233; however, network 11 will know that
Aunt Jane's House 229, Linear Park 231, and Pottery Supply Store
233 are located within service region 215 which is serviced by
wireless communication tower 205. This is true because appliance D1
will not broadcast raw GPS position data to network 11. Instead,
appliance D1 will transmit, if permitted, that the user is located
in a favorite place known as Linear Park 231. On the other hand,
network 11 may be aware of the precise GPS data and street address
location for Pottery Supply Store 233, especially if Pottery Supply
Store 233 is a network affiliate. When network 11 is aware that the
user is located within service region 215 and communicating with
network 11 via tower 205, communications from network affiliates
24-Hour Gym 263, Ice Skating Rink 265, Sporting Goods Superstore
267, Prom Dress Shop 269, Belgian Chocolate Store 271, Pet Store
273, and Model Train Store 278 may have their advertisements,
communications, and/or digital content preferentially directed or
routed to the user's appliance D1. However, such transmission of
digital content will depend upon the user profile and user
preferences which have been established through prolonged
interaction between the user and network 11. Accordingly, network
11 may attach a low probability of communicating a digital message
from Model Train Store 278 based upon what network 11 has
determined about the user's preferences. However, if network 11 has
determined that the user is an animal lover, network 11 may attach
a high probability to messages which originate from Pet Store
273.
[0472] Based upon derived or inferred information about user
preferences, or upon selections made by the user, the digital
content transmitted to the user's appliance D1 via tower 205 may be
entirely different from the digital content being simultaneously
transmitted to other users located within the same service region
215. For example, a second user who has a high interest in ice
skating may receive digital communications from Ice Skating Rink
265; a third user interested in fitness may receive digital content
from 24-Hour Gym 263; and a fourth user known to be a female senior
in high school may receive communications from Prom Dress Shop 269.
Based upon a network assumption that individuals interested in
fitness may not be interested in high calorie, luxury foods, such
as Belgian chocolate, there may be a high probability that the
third user will receive digital content from 24-Hour Gym 263, but a
low probability that the third user will receive digital content
from Belgian Chocolate Store 271.
[0473] Continuing with the example, FIG. 1G (3 of 5) represents
tower 207 and service region 217. As is shown, service regions 215,
219, and 221 are listed as adjoining service regions. Network 11
"knows" that adjoining service regions 215, 219, and 221 are
adjacent to service region 217. As is shown in the table, favorite
places 235 and 237 have been colloquially identified by the user
over time as Candy's House 235 and Resale Boutique 237. Network 11
may not know the precise GPS and/or address location for Candy's
House 235. However, network 11 does know that Candy's House 235 is
located within service region 217 which is served by wireless
communication tower 207. In fact, there may be no reason for
network 11 to ever know the exact location of Candy's House 235. If
Resale Boutique 237 is a network affiliate of network 11, the exact
GPS and/or address location for Resale Boutique 237 may be known by
network 11. However, if Resale Boutique 237 is not a network
affiliate, network 11 may never know the precise GPS data or
address location for Resale Boutique 237.
[0474] In this example, a plurality of network affiliates 275, 277,
279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, and 291 reside within located within
region 217, and are known by network 11 to be Corn Maze 275,
Aquarium 277, Museum 279, I-Max Theatre 281, Movie Theatre 283,
Laser Tag Facility 285, Pizza Place 287, Zoo 289 and Public Library
291. When a user is located within service region 217, network 11
may preferentially broadcast digital messages from one or more
network affiliates 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, or 291
based upon the known, derived, or inferred preferences of the
particular user. As stated before, there is always some probability
that any particular message will be broadcast to a particular user;
however, the probabilistic modeling system weights digital content
for reception or transmission of digital content to a particular
user based upon the derived, inferred, or obtained preferences of
that particular user. Accordingly, if the user is known to be an
animal lover, messages from Zoo 289 have a higher probability of
being viewed by that user. Messages from Laser Tag Facility 287 or
Museum 279 may have a low probability of either reception or
transmission based upon the then-known user profiles and/or
preferences.
[0475] Continuing with the example, FIG. 1G (4 of 5) represents
tower 209 and service region 219. As is shown, service regions 217
and 221 are listed as adjoining service regions. Network 11 "knows"
that adjoining service regions 217 and 221 are adjacent to service
region 219. Through previous interaction with network 11, the user
has identified favorite places 239, 241, 243, and 245 as Home 239,
School 241, Work 243, and Suzy's House 245. Network 11 may or may
not know the precise GPS data and/or street address for these
favorite places. However, network 11 knows that these places are
located within region 219 and serviced by tower 209. When the user
interacts with network 11 from Home 239, appliance D1 communicates
to network 11 that the user is located at Home 239. Network 11 does
not know the precise location of Home 239. However, for purposes of
billing and perhaps parental contact information, some portions of
network 11 may be aware of the location of Home 239. Similarly,
when the user is located at School 241 and engages with network 11,
appliance D1 communicates to network 11 that the user is located at
School 241. If the user is located at Work 243 and an "on" status
has been established, appliance D1 will communicate to network 11
that the user is located at Work 243. Network 11 may never know the
exact GPS data or address location for Work 243, but network 11
"knows" when the user is interacting with network 11 and is located
at the unknown GPS location which corresponds in the database to
Work 243. Likewise, when the user is located at Suzy's House 245,
and interacts with network 11, appliance D1 communicates to network
11 that the user is located at Suzy's House 245, even though
network 11 may not know where Suzy's House 245 is actually located
within region 219. When the user is located within region 219,
appliance D1 may preferentially direct digital content to be
transmitted from network 11 to appliance D1 based upon the derived,
inferred, or known user preferences. In the current example,
network affiliates 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309,
311, 313, 315, and 317 are known by network 11 as Mall #1 293, Mall
#2 295, Chinese Food Restaurant 297, K-Mart 299, Target 301, Record
Store 303, Batting Cages 305, Golf Driving Range 307, Computer
Superstore 309, Boy's Club 311, Church #1 313, Restaurant #14 315,
and Bicycle Shop 317. In accordance with the preferred
implementation of the present invention, one or more digital
messages may be directed to the user when she is within region 219
based upon inferred, derived, or known preferences. However, the
means for determining whether a particular digital message is
offered for presentation to a particular user at a particular time
is a probabilistic modeling system governed by constrained random
variation, whereby the probabilities of offering digital messages
for presentation vary on a message-by-message basis. In other
words, the probabilistic modeling system does not randomly select
from a group of digital messages, each having an equal probability
of being offered for presentation. Therefore, it is possible for
the user to receive digital content relating to certain subject
matter that is entirely outside of, or contrary to, his current
user profile. Additionally, certain digital content will be
transmitted to appliance D1 based upon location information alone.
For example, the fact that the user is within service region 219
may mandate that certain particular digital content be transmitted
to and received by appliance D1.
[0476] Continuing with the example, FIG. 1G (5 of 5) represents
tower 211 and service region 221. As is shown, service regions 213,
215, 217, and 219 are listed as adjoining service regions. Network
11 "knows" that adjoining service regions 213, 215, 217, and 219
are adjacent to service region 221. As is shown in the table,
favorite places 247, 249, and 251 have been colloquially identified
by the user over time as Uncle Clay's House 247, The Gap 249, and
Grandmother's House 251. Network 11 may never "know" the exact GPS
data and/or street address for Uncle Clay's House 247 and
Grandmother's House 251. However, network 11 does know that these
favorite places are located within service region 221 and serviced
by tower 211. Additionally, network 11 may know the precise GPS
data and street address for The Gap 249, especially if The Gap 249
is a network affiliate. As is shown, a plurality of network
affiliates 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, and 329 are known by network 11
as Metro Stop 319, Starbucks 321, Bowling Alley 323, Antique Mall
325, Tennis Facility 327, and Car Stereo Superstore 329. In
accordance with the preferred implementation of the present
invention, digital content or messages from Metro Stop 319,
Starbucks 321, Bowling Alley 323, Antique Mall 325, Tennis Facility
327, Car Stereo Superstore 329, and other network affiliates
located within service region 221 may be preferentially transmitted
to the user when the user is located within region 221, based upon
the theory that the user is more likely to act upon an offer of
goods or services if she is physically located near the network
affiliate that is making the offer. As stated previously, the user
has primary control over which digital content is transmitted to
appliance D1 by providing network 11 with user profile and
preferences information through interaction with network 11.
Network 11 determines which digital content to transmit to
appliance D1 through manipulation of the derived, inferred, and
known preferences provided by the user. In addition, network 11 may
transmit certain digital content to the user or to appliance D1
determined in part by the physical location of the user. Thus,
although the user is primarily in control of the digital content
that will likely be transmitted to appliance D1, there is some
probability that the user will receive digital content for material
outside or contrary to the user's known preferences.
[0477] 2. According to the present invention, the range of GPS
locations associated with the generalized location identifiers
explained above may be automatically altered over time in response
to any one of the following:
[0478] a. additional express input of users in response to queries
posed by network 11;
[0479] b. actions of the users, such as renaming a location that is
in conflict with a prior designation or alias; or
[0480] c. actions taken by the users in changing any of the status
items of their communication appliances.
[0481] 3. It should be understood that the generalized location
identifiers explained above may simply be provided by network 11 as
opposed to being provided by the user.
[0482] d. User identity
[0483] 1. User ID
[0484] 2. First name
[0485] 3. Last name
[0486] 4. Demographics
[0487] a. Age
[0488] b. Gender
[0489] c. Home region
[0490] e. Current balances: Each and every content item is
accompanied by a plurality of revenue/expense data elements
representing values such as revenue/expense of acquisition of the
content item, revenue/expense to deliver the content item over
various channels, revenue/expense for user to view the content
item, and revenue/expense to interact with the content item. By
keeping this information with the content item, rather than just an
identifier like a product code, the system can make decisions
asynchronously and under circumstances when access to a database
may be available.
[0491] Bookkeeping operations are performed at every stage of the
transport of the content item and balances are maintained in these
stages. These account balances are used influence the delivery
probabilities of this content item.
[0492] Because the plurality of revenue/expense data associated
with each content item can represent revenue for the user,
merchants can set up campaigns that reward or debit users for
certain behaviors, interactions, or transactions. For example, a
content item which has a certain location contextual sensitivity
could reward a user if they approach a physical storefront. Also,
another content item representing a digital coupon upon interaction
could debit a users account.
[0493] This topic is also discussed below with regard to Network
Energy in Section 13.
[0494] 3.B.3. Objective context--Altered (Virtual locations)
[0495] By altering the objective context of the device, the user
can influence the delivery and presentation of content. By changing
the location context used by the content delivery and routing
mechanisms, the user may enable a form of virtual travel known as
"virtual tourism" in which the user may choose to receive digital
content as if he or she were actually located in a different
geographic location. This change in apparent location will cause a
subsequent change in the content presented, showing content with
contextual sensitivities appropriate for locations nearer the
altered location.
[0496] 3.B.3.a. Geographic Location: The known geographical
position of the device may be altered by intercepting the data from
the geographical positioning mechanism and either altering the
position by a known offset or by generating or manually entering a
new device position. This enables the rapid relocation or "jumping"
between virtual locations.
[0497] 3.B.3.b. Named locations: By naming a geographical location,
a user is able to later manually specify this named location,
thereby changing the location context and influencing the delivery
and presentation of content relevant to the previously named
location. This enables the rapid relocation or "jumping" between
virtual locations.
[0498] 3.B.3.c. Grouped Geographic Locations: In accordance with
the present invention, one or more remote geographical locations
may be combined into a single "morphed" virtual space. For example,
the network space for New Orleans, Louisiana may be combined with
the network space for Dallas, Tex. This morphed space creates a
"sister" city metaphor, allowing content relevant to more than one
location context to be delivered simultaneously. The remote
geographical locations may either be specified by geographical
position or by named locations.
[0499] 3.B.3.e. Unique Virtual Locations: In accordance with the
present invention, a user or a group of users may adopt a remote
virtual space as a common virtual meeting space, and thus engage in
community building. The virtual locations may be used as private
spaces which are unknown to those not familiar with them. User
generated content may be associated with this space so that the
content becomes relevant when a user enters this virrtual location.
See also "STICKY-NOTES COMMUNITY COMMUNICATION" and "DIGITAL
GRAFITTI".
[0500] 3.B.4. Subjective context
[0501] 3.B.4.a. PG-rating filter: As has been stated above, in the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high value has
been placed upon user privacy. This means that user privacy
preferences will predominate over the compilation of other
information, including biographic data, cultural data, demographic
data, and preferences information, for individual users.
Additionally, user privacy settings will predominate over the goals
of network 11 of presenting particular digital content to
particular users. In other words, a user, or more commonly, a
user's parent, may block certain types of digital content from
being pulled off of network 11 by appliances 351 and 357, and such
block will have priority over the goal of network 11 to offer for
presentation particular types of digital content to the users of
appliances 351 and 357. Certainly, the user privacy preferences for
the identification of his or her current location, in fuzzy terms,
predominates over the goals of network 11 to know the location of
the user.
[0502] It is important to note that a privacy block is different
from a user preference. In a privacy block, there is a complete and
absolute block on the subject digital content, and appliances 351
and 357 will not display such digital content. In other words,
there is a zero percent probability that the communication will be
displayed. On the other hand, a user preference, such as food
preferences F1, F2, and F3, entertainment preferences E1, E2, and
E3, and relationship preferences R1, R2, and R3, are determined
primarily from each user's interaction with appliances 351 and 357,
which includes the user's responses to inquiries, the user's trust
relationship to other users, and/or inferences made by network 11.
Such interaction is the primary source of contextual user profiles
411 and 417. Privacy blocks deals with blocking or filtering
particular digital content, and user preferences deal with the
ability of a user to aggressively seek out certain types of digital
content based upon compiled user preferences. The former can be
considered a digital filter, and the latter can be considered to be
a digital accelerator.
[0503] 3.B.4.b. Current named Place-time.
[0504] 3.B.4.c. User absorption rate.
[0505] 3.B.4.d. User thriftiness.
[0506] 3.B.4.e. Mood.
[0507] 3.B.5. Preference: For example, how well the user liked the
content before, i.e. ratings.
[0508] a) Locally resident ratings
[0509] 3.C. Rating: In accordance with the present invention, many
novel and interesting applications and network functions are made
possible through a data processing implemented profiling of
individual user's preferences with regard to content items. A
user's preference profile to content is represented by ratings that
are assigned to content items with respect to each user. That is,
the rating assigned to content items will vary across different
users. Ratable content includes, but is not limited to, games,
movies, music, images, ads, offers, news, events, user-created
messages, and representations of people. Ratings represent the
favorableness and utility of content items to each user.
[0510] Ratings enable the network platform to tune the selection
and scheduling of content to each individual user's likes and
needs. The meta-data provided in the wrapper is used to determine
the similarity among content items. The tuning involves preferred
selection of content items that are similar to other content items
that are favorably rated. See Sections 3.D, 6.B.2, and 8.A, for
further details on the influence of ratings on content selection
and scheduling. See Section 8.F for a more detailed discussion of
rating mechanisms and techniques.
[0511] 3.D. Content Selection: The goal of delivering the right
content items to the right people under the right circumstances can
be implemented by either a single or dual stage process.
[0512] The preferred method provides enhanced user privacy and
system scalability by implementation in two asynchronous stages.
The first stage occurs on the server at the network operation
center and performs gross content item candidate selection, while
the final presentation decisions are made on the client. A feedback
loop from the client to the server returns content item rating
information.
[0513] 3.D.1. Gross--Big scheduler (content selection engine): The
goal of this stage is to select candidate payloads for delivery to
the client. As content ages, expires, or is poorly rated, and as
new content is introduced into the network as a whole, or the
user's home location changes the client must be replenished with
new content items. Such payloads are often delivered to the client
when the device is cradled or during off-peak communication
times.
[0514] This stage is running asynchronously, as server capacity
allows, always keeping a list of candidate content for a specific
client. When the client is able to accept new content, a the list
of content items currently residing on the client, their byte
sizes, their prioritized purge-ability, and their content-type
blend, are examined and an optimal subset of the candidate list is
transferred to the client. The candidate selection process is
probabilistic, blending new content varieties with known
preferences, and is based on historic ratings of content of this
user and those users he selected as having similar tastes. This
historic content's wrappers and ratings include information about
content categories, features, and time and space relevancies.
[0515] 3.D.2. Fine--Little scheduler: This stage operates on the
payload of candidate content held within the client, refining
precisely if or when the content is presented based on the user's
context. If the content is presented and explicit or implicit user
rating of the content can be acquired, this information is
delivered back to the first stage.
[0516] The mechanism is again probabilistic, using the interaction
of the content's contextual sensitivities with the current context
to set probabilities of presentation.
[0517] 3.E. Awareness: Awareness encompasses a wide range of
different types of information, but in general, awareness is
defined as these types of information that are delivered and
presented based on context, as is defined in section 1. This
includes, but is not limited to friends, events, processes, news,
and merchant offers and many of the types of information listed in
section 2 that provide value to users.
[0518] There are four general categories of awareness that the
network and user interface are capable of supporting.
[0519] 1. Awareness of what is close to and happening around a user
at the present time. For example, awareness of the nearest
automated teller machine or coffee shop, and awareness of a special
offer at a favorite nearby restaurant delivered to the user near
lunchtime.
[0520] 2. Awareness of things that will happen or become effective
at various times in the future. For example, awareness of an
upcoming concert or soon to be released movie, awareness of
invitations to parties or meetings, and awareness of new
products.
[0521] 3. Awareness about things that are of interest and that are
happening now, but that are not near the user or directly
observable. For example, awareness of the score of a baseball game,
awareness of stock quotes, awareness of a package delivery, and
awareness of the location of friends.
[0522] 4. Awareness of state and status of user activities and the
system. For example, awareness of received messages, awareness of
an incoming call, awareness of pending work such as an unfinished
instant message, awareness of the status of a sent message,
awareness of current location, awareness of remaining battery
capacity and awareness of network connection status.
[0523] Awareness may be presented at the user's focus, it may
reside in the user's peripheral vision, and/or it may be
interruptive and require immediate user attention. The user
interface provides constructs for presentation of awareness items
as appropriate. Examples of awareness presented in the user's focus
include, but are not limited to news articles and the reading of an
instant message that was recently received. Examples of awareness
presented in the user's peripheral vision include, but are not
limited to other user locations, the time and the network
connection status. Examples of interruptive awareness include, but
are not limited to a low battery, a lost network connection, an
incoming instant message or an incoming phone call.
[0524] 1. Specific items
[0525] a) In arrangements
[0526] b) User chosen
[0527] (1) Other user's location
[0528] 2. Situational awareness--Stream:
[0529] a) Focal point of relevant new information
[0530] b) Heterogeneous
[0531] (1) Messages
[0532] (2) Breaking news
[0533] (3) Entertainment
[0534] (4) Commercial opportunities
[0535] (5) Warnings
[0536] (6) Device alerts
[0537] c) System-initiated (scheduler)
[0538] d) Continuous
[0539] e) Sequential
[0540] f) Contextually relevant
[0541] h) Ratable
[0542] i) Scheduled from local and server data stores
[0543] 3.F. Arrangements
[0544] 3.F.1. Organizational tool: An arrangement is a user
interface construct for organizing content items for presentation
to a user. An arrangement is an assemblage of zero or more content
items that are collected, then spatially and/or temporally
organized for presentation.
[0545] 3.F.2. Content Item Membership is Non-exclusive:
Arrangements offer users great flexibility in constructing an
awareness environment that meets their individual needs. Users can
define any number of arrangements and individual content items may
be included of any number of arrangements.
[0546] 3.F.3. Types of Arrangements: Users occasionally need to
view homogenous collections of content objects formed on the basis
of inherent category membership (e.g., an arrangement of all
people). Traditional business-related functionality found on PDA's
and desktops is designed around access to homogenous sets of
information (e.g., contact lists or address books, message lists,
to do lists, event lists or calendars). These are very useful for
reference, but they do not satisfy the need people have to be aware
of various kinds of information, especially when the set of
information itself needs to adapt in response to changes in the
present context. At any given time users have the need to bring
together collections of content that are diverse. Using
arrangements manages to satisfy both with the same interaction
model.
[0547] a. Arbitrary: Arbitrarily defined arrangements contain
heterogeneous collections of content objects and other arrangements
that constitute the information the user wants to be aware of or
the activities the user wants to engage in at any given time. They
are not collected based on context or a rule, but rather by the
explicit inclusion of the content items in the arrangement by the
user. The user may choose to use content associations to draw in
additional content items that have associations with those
explicitly included by the user.
[0548] b. Rule-based: Rule based arrangements are used to construct
homogenous sets or groups of content items such as a calendar, a
contact list or a phone list. In the case of a calendar, content
items with time sensitivities that match that specified by the
chosen calendar day, week, month or year would be gathered into an
arrangement. In the case of a contact list, those content items
typed as "people" would be gathered into an arrangement. Temporary
arrangements may also be formed, such as the results of a search
operation, pending items or an inbox. One example is an inbox for
incoming messages where unread messages are grouped until the user
takes action on them.
[0549] 3.F.4. Representation in other arrangements: The ability to
nest arrangements within other arrangements creates association
links between them giving much flexibility to users in setting up
their own navigational paths. In this way, the set of arrangements
taken together forms a heterarchical organization of content
objects. In contrast to hierarchies, heterarchies are able to be
reflexive so that they can be reformulated in response to immediate
and changing needs. They are also more easily able to accommodate
organizations of heterogeneous objects.
[0550] 3.F.5. Contextually triggered: Arrangements are treated like
any other content item, so their presentation may be controlled in
a similar fashion. They may be chosen for presentation based on
time, location or any specified contexts.
[0551] 3.G. Communications: In accordance with the preferred
implementation of the present invention, a plurality of alternative
communication modes are supported within network 11. Some
communication modes can be considered to be "cold" forms of
communication, while other modes of communication may be considered
to be "hot" modes of communication. A cold mode of communication
has a high degree of delay or latency associated therewith.
Conversely, a hot mode of communication is one which has a low
degree of delay or latency associated therewith. Generally, hot
modes of communication may be conducted in real time. Preferably,
the alternative communication modes include an e-mail mode, an
instant messaging (IM) mode, a chat mode, a voice mode, and a video
phone mode. The following is a description of the operation of the
present invention to enable these various modes of communication as
well as the escalation or de-escalation of modes of
communication.
[0552] 3.G.1. E-Mail: The e-mail mode of communication is one in
which text messages are keyed in by one user and communicated in a
text form over network 11 to a designated recipient. The e-mail
mode of communication on network 11 utilizes conventional e-mail
formats and protocols. E-mail messages may be accumulated and saved
in an electronic in-box, whereby the e-mail messages may be read at
the leisure and convenience of the recipient.
[0553] 3.G.2. Instant messaging: The instant messaging mode of
communications one in which text messages are keyed in by one user
and delivered immediately to the recipient user if the recipient
user's appliance is in an IM receipt mode. IM messages received
while in the IM receipt mode subordinate other content on the
recipient's appliance. Thus, IM is considered "hotter" than e-mail.
It is desirable that the IM mode of communication on network 11
utilizes conventional IM formats and protocols.
[0554] 3.G.3. Chat: The chat mode of communication is one in which
a plurality of communicants have initiated a chat session in which
text, graphical, or voice synthesized messages are exchanged
substantially concurrently in a dialog fashion. Because the users
in a chat session have affirmatively established a desire to
communicate with each other, chat is "hotter" than e-mail and IM.
It is desired that the chat mode of communication on network 11
utilizes conventional chat formats and protocols.
[0555] 3.G.4. Voice: The voice mode of communication is similar to
a telephone conversation. The voice mode of communication is
possible when a mobile phone is embedded in appliance 351, 353,
355, 357, 359, or 361. Because the voice mode of communication is
performed concurrently between users in real time, it is "hotter"
than e-mail, IM or chat. It is desired that the voice mode of
communication on network 11 utilizes conventional cellular or
digital phone formats and protocols.
[0556] 3.G.5. Video: The video-voice mode of communication is
similar to a video phone conversation. The video-voice mode of
communication is possible when a mobile video phone is embedded in
appliance 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, or 361. Because the video-voice
mode of communication is performed concurrently between users in
real time, and involves current video, it is "hotter" than e-mail,
IM, chat, or voice. It is desired that the video-voice mode of
communication on network 11 utilizes conventional cellular or
digital video phone formats and protocols.
[0557] 3.G.6. Escalation of Communication Modes: In accordance with
the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible
for communicants to move between modes of communication from a
relatively "cold" mode of communication, such as IM, to a
relatively "hot" mode of communication, such as a voice. If during
an IM session, the communicants decide to "switch up" to the voice
communication mode, they can simply input an appropriate command to
their respective appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, or 361, and
network 11 will establish the voice connection between the
users.
[0558] 3.G.7. De-escalation of Communication Modes: Conversely, it
is possible for communicants to de-escalate modes of communication
from a relatively "hot" to a relatively "cold" mode of
communication. This could be done in an effort to reduce airtime or
to conserve network energy. For example, if two users are
communicating to each other in the voice mode and decide to "switch
down" to a chat mode which may burn less network energy, the users
simply input an appropriate command to their respective appliances
351, 353, 355, 357, 359, or 361, and network 11 will disconnect the
voice connection between the users and establish a chat session
between the users.
[0559] 3.H. Searches: Content items that perform find and search
functions are provided so that the user may search for new content
items located on the network and locate existing content items
already stored on their device.
[0560] Search content items may perform specific searches and/or
contextual searches. Specific searches include, but are not limited
to finding certain people on the network or a particular merchant.
Contextual searches include, but are not limited to, finding
content items based on location, time and preferences.
[0561] A single find or search utility is extremely inadequate
because it is much too difficult to provide a single, comprehensive
search utility with all of the necessary options to find any
possible type of information. For this reason, separate content
items for finding different types of information are provided for.
Users are accustomed to using different search mechanisms for
different types of information. For example, when looking for
directions, a user does not simply use a generic search mechanism
and type in the keyword directions. The user goes to a mapping and
directions site or page that has various options that make the
process of getting exact directions from one location to another
much easier.
[0562] Providing different content items for find and search
operations provides the possibility for merchants to develop
custom, branded content items that can be used to find a particular
merchants locations or products. For example, a coffee shop could
provide an awareness content item that simply provides a constant
indication of the nearest coffee shop location. The awareness item
is a search item, but the item does the search automatically based
on the user's location.
[0563] 3.I. Relationship network: Reference will now be made to
FIG. 1O in the drawings. To a great degree, the present invention
is building a social network that facilitates the growth of
relationships and enables social activities via those
relationships. This social aspect of the network system is
empowered by the relationship network.
[0564] OVERVIEW: The relationship network is comprised of a set of
nodes and edges, i.e., links between nodes. Nodes represent various
entities that belong to the network. Edges represent the
relationships among entities and are directionally valued.
[0565] Nodes:
[0566] NODE TYPES: All nodes are defined by a common way to
facilitate code reuse and simplicity. Nodes for different types of
entities are differentiated by the way parameters in the common
node structure are set. The generic types of entities that are
represented by nodes include the following.
[0567] a. Individual device holders.
[0568] b. Merchants.
[0569] c. Parents.
[0570] d. Regions (e.g., D/FW).
[0571] e. Organizations (e.g., Ski club, church group, Boy Scouts,
Wilderness Society).
[0572] f. Groups (these are created by one or more individual
device-holders to act as places for sharing stuff, or sending group
messages).
[0573] g. Authorities (e.g., police, fire department).
[0574] h. Service Provider.
[0575] NODE ATTRIBUTES: Nodes have the following attributes:
[0576] a. Node ID: Uniquely identifies the node to the network. All
nodes can be found by using their ID.
[0577] b. Node type: Type specifications are used to derive the
functional and behavioral characteristics of a node.
[0578] c. Place: A physical place to which the node is associated.
Nodes for some entities may be strongly associated with a place,
i.e., Starplex, church group, while others may have no place
association at all, i.e., Brittany Spears fan club.
[0579] d. Time: Some nodes may be strongly associated with
particular dates or times, i.e., a node for a group that gets
together every week to watch football games; while others may not
have time associations at all, i.e., all night pizza delivery
service, the fire department.
[0580] e. Network Energy Level (Balance): All nodes have an economy
associated with their existence. This economy's mechanism is
network energy. Nodes can get network energy and use network
energy.
[0581] f. Nodes can store content: Nodes can have a content store.
Some of the content may be publicly available throughout the
network, while some may be private and need authorization and
permissions to access.
[0582] g. Permissions: these specify appropriate authorizations for
other nodes to send content to, store content in, or access content
from the node.
[0583] h. Set of link ratings: This is the set of ratings for links
that originate from the node to other nodes.
[0584] i. Set of links: This is the set of links that originate
from the node.
[0585] j. Content association ratings: The same set of associations
that are used to characterize content are used to characterize
nodes.
[0586] k. Node movie: Each node needs a representation of itself so
that when it is visited by another node it can be "viewed."
[0587] NODE OPERATIONS: Nodes can perform the following
operations:
[0588] a. Acquire network energy.
[0589] b. Receive messages.
[0590] c. Receive a request to authorize interaction with another
node.
[0591] d. Receive generic content.
[0592] e. Receive parental controls from a parent node.
[0593] f. Send updates to another node.
[0594] g. Authorize interaction with another node and send
notice.
[0595] h. Send messages to another node.
[0596] i. Send generic content to another node.
[0597] Links:
[0598] RATINGS: Links represent node-to-node relationships. Some
relationships are established by default and are not rated, i.e.,
links from all nodes to the service provider node or nodes. The
nodes themselves, or actually the entities that the nodes
represent, establish additional node-to-node links in the network.
The node created links can be rated in two ways: (1)
degree-of-trust; and (2) degree-of-similarity.
[0599] The degree-of-trust rating is a directed rating from the
origination node to the linked node and is used to compute
relationships on the basis of referential trust. Referential trust
can be established between two nodes that are not directly linked
when (a) each node trusts, or has a trust link to, a third,
intermediate node; and (b) that intermediate node trusts each of
the nodes.
[0600] The degree-of-similarity rating is also a directed rating
from the origination node to the linked node. Similarity ratings
are used to expand the pool of content delivered to a given device
holder in terms of either breadth or depth.
[0601] Content breadth can be expanded by an
individual-to-individual link. Basically, the similarity link
establishes a way for content liked by one individual to affect the
content seen by another individual. In this way, an individual can
expand the set of content they see by using the combined set of
content viewed and rated by other individuals. The degree of the
rating influences the magnitude of the effect. The explicit rating
provided by the linked node is used as the "preliminary specific
rating" of preference for that content on the scheduler of the
device whose associated node had created the link.
[0602] Content depth can be expanded by an individual-to-merchant,
or to-organization, link. In this example, the link is creating a
way to receive a greater quantity of content from a single source.
The degree of the rating influences the magnitude of the
content.
[0603] CONTENT ROUTING AND SCHEDULING: A major function of the
relationship network is to provide an efficient means of routing
content among nodes, and in so doing, providing the right pool of
content to each node connected to a device holder. The pool of
content from which each device's scheduler is replenished will be
somewhat different for each device holder and will be a subset of
the total set of content in the network. Note that compiling this
pool and selecting from it in a probabilistic manner is generally
the functionality performed by what has been referred to as the
"big scheduler."
[0604] The device-dependent content pools will consist of
content-items that, for the most part, are expected to be highly
preferred by each device holder. The pool will not contain certain
types of content that is inappropriate. This includes:
[0605] a. Content for the wrong geographic location.
[0606] b. Content that falls outside parental authorizations (e.g.,
parental controls via PG ratings).
[0607] c. Content that has prerequisites which are not in the
pool.
[0608] d. Content that is already on the device.
[0609] Basically, the pool will consist of content that the device
holder is expected to like, but will also contain some content that
is not similar to other content the device holder has seen, i.e.,
unfamiliar content, and some content that the device holder had
previously indicated as undesirable. The purpose for including the
later types of content is to provide for the possibility that the
device holder tastes have evolved.
[0610] The device-dependent content pool for an individual device
holder will be compiled using some form of aggregated/group data
based on the group nodes to which each device holder belongs, or is
linked. This group approach avoids the computational intensity that
would be needed to select each device's content from a general pool
of all content in the network.
[0611] 3.J. Economy of content delivery: See iii.B.2.E above.
[0612] 3.K. Abstraction of location: In accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, location-aware
wireless communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 and
network 11 collaborate over time in order to generate a novel
profile of the user associated with a particular location-aware
wireless communication appliance D1. The most basic
location-related information is the identification of places which
the user frequents. This is depicted in simplified form in the view
of FIG. 1C. Location-aware wireless communication appliances D1,
D2, D3, D4, and D5 interact with corresponding users and network 11
in order to determine the identity of different "places" which are
frequented by the individual users. A particular user is associated
with a particular location-aware wireless communication appliance
D1. Accordingly, the location-aware wireless communication
appliance D1 "maps" or correlates latitude and longitude data to
particular places. For example, the latitude and longitude data X1,
Y1 may be determined over time to correspond to the "school"
attended by the owner of that particular location-aware wireless
communication appliance D1. Additionally, the latitude and
longitude data corresponding to X2, Y2 may be determined over time
to correspond with the "work place" associated with that particular
user. Additionally, the latitude and longitude data X3, Y3 may be
determined to correspond to the "home" of that particular user.
Additionally, the acquired latitude and longitude data X4, Y4 may
be determined over time to correspond to a location known as "the
mall" which is frequented by the user. Additionally, the latitude
and longitude data X5, Y5 may be determined over time to correspond
to a "restaurant" frequented by that particular user.
[0613] In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, during normal non-emergency operation, location-aware
wireless communication appliance D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 will rarely
or never communicate latitude and longitude data to network 11.
Instead, as location-aware wireless communication appliance D1, D2,
D3, D4, and D5 identifies and catalogs the various places
frequented by the user, it is the colloquial identification of
those places which is communicated to network 11. Accordingly, the
network may know that a user is at "home," at "work," at "school,"
at the "mall," or at a particular "restaurant," but will not know
the actual or precise location of those particular places. This is
necessary in order to protect the privacy of the user. In the first
commercial implementation of the present invention, the users will
likely be adolescents, so there are additional safety and security
reasons for rarely or never transmitting precise GPS data from
location-aware wireless communication appliance D1, D2, D3, D4, and
D5 to network 11. However, as will be explained below, there is
some ability to "track" location in a general manner by knowing
which particular tower or towers a particular location-aware
wireless communication appliance D1, D2, D3, D4, or D5 is
communicating with.
[0614] FIG. 1D is a simplified representation of user profiling for
a portion of one exemplary day. As is shown, the graph of FIG. 1D
includes an x-axis which is representative of a time period from
6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. and a y-axis which is a histographic
representation of five previously-identified locations L1 through
L5. As is shown, for the user associated with a particular
location-aware wireless appliance, such as appliance D1, the day
starts at location L1 which is known by appliance D1 and network 11
as "home." The user is located at home until approximately 8:00
a.m. At approximately 8:00 a.m., the user begins travel from
location L1 to location L2. In this example, location GR2 is known
by appliance D1 and network 11 as the "school" for this particular
user. Between approximately 9:00 a.m. and approximately 12:00 p.m.,
the user is located at the "school." At approximately 12:00 p.m.,
the user travels from location L2 to location L3. Location L3 is
known by appliance D1 and network 11 as the "mall" for this
particular user. At approximately 1:00 p.m. the user travels from
location L3 to location L2. This corresponds to a return by the
user to the "school" from the "mall." At approximately 4:00 p.m.,
the user's location changes again. This time, the user travels from
location L2 to location L4. Location L4 is known by appliance D1
and network 11 to be the "work place" for this particular user. The
user remains at location L4 until approximately 7:00 p.m. At
approximately 7:00 p.m., the user travels from location L4 to
location L2. This corresponds to a return by the user to the
"school" from the "work place." Then at approximately 8:00 p.m.,
the user travels from location L2 to location L1. This corresponds
to a return by the user to "home" from "school."
[0615] In this manner, appliance D1 and network 11 may profile a
particular portion of a day for the user. When this is done over
relatively long intervals of time, an accurate location and time
profile may be established for this particular user. For example,
if location and time are monitored in this manner over an interval
of several months, very reliable patterns will be detected,
including patterns within particular days, as well as, patterns
within longer time intervals, such as weeks or months. In
accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention,
these location and time profiles may be stored in memory within
appliance D1 and/or network 11 and assigned various confidence
intervals which represent a quantitative or qualitative conclusion
relating to the reliability of such a profile. Once a time and
location profile is established for a particular user, network 11
may more intelligently manage digital messages, also referred to
herein as "digital content," communicated by network 11 and/or
affiliated entities, such as merchants, to ensure that messages or
content are directed to the user at appropriate times, places, and
manners. For example, the type of message that network 11 may deem
appropriate for a user that is actually or likely located at the
"mall" differs substantially from the types of messages that are
appropriate for the user when he or she is at "school" or "home."
As will be discussed in significantly greater detail below, in
accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the user has a great deal of control over the content of messages,
information, or digital content communicated to his or her
location-aware wireless communication appliance D1. The
establishment of profiles based upon time and location is one
fundamental element of providing intelligent, effective, and
predominately user-controlled messaging.
[0616] 1. Named places
[0617] 2. Named times
[0618] 3. Named events (place/times)
[0619] 3.L. Authorization: This is permission of awareness things
and of content
4. Create
[0620] 4.A. Macromedia Flash
[0621] 1. File format
[0622] 2. Rendering engine
[0623] 3. Authoring Tools
[0624] 4. Scripting language
5. Wrapping Content
[0625] All content items have wrappers. The wrappers allow content
to be described, manipulated, used in computations, and referenced
throughout the network without the presentation and data parts of
the content item having to be moved or accessed.
[0626] Content can be wrapped either manually or automatically.
Tools have been created to assist content creators in manually
wrapping content and for automatically wrapping content that is
text based.
[0627] 5.A. Prototypical wrappers: Prototypical wrappers form a
starting point to assist content creators in specifying
wrappers.
[0628] 5.A.1 Inheritance from prototypical wrappers: Prototypical
wrappers can be defined in two ways. In one way the prototype
describes a high-level framework for a class of content items.
Using this as a starting point, content creators would fill in
fields that specify the instance of the class. In the second way
the prototype describes in detail a stereotypical instance of a
class. Using this as a starting point, content creators would
modify the fields already qualified by the stereotype.
[0629] 5.A.2 Tagging: Detail of wrapper tags from above. Wrappers
are specified in a tagged format that does not need all the
tags.
[0630] Thus, the wrapper can be deconstructed/reconstructed to
reduce bandwidth.
[0631] 5.B. Wrapper Tool: Assists user by allowing associations to
be filled by specifying combinations of other wrappers. Also
assists users by automatically presenting the most similar content
items to the one being defined, thus providing an internal validity
check.
[0632] 5.C. Automatic wrapping: Uses a set of indicator words and
phrases that map to associations.
[0633] Involves a text search and match process in which the
indicator words and phrases are match to the text in the content
and through a scoring process based on the matches automatically
assign values to associations.
[0634] 5.D. Registration: Content registration system: Process of
when a piece of content comes in, it gets compared with every other
piece of content to get its distance in all dimensions from every
other piece of content. Because pre-calculation is done during
registration, it does not have to be done during selection.
6. Routing Mechanisms
[0635] Routing is the process of efficiently and intelligently
directing content items from their point of origin in the network
to their appropriate destinations. Routing processes will identify
where content is to be delivered. Separate processes discussed in
Section 7 handle the actual delivery of a content item from the
server to the client destination. Content items are routed in two
basic ways each discussed below.
[0636] 6.A. Destination-specific routing: This method of routing is
used to direct a content item to one or more specifically
identified destinations. The destinations are specified in the
content item's wrapper in the Node destination field either by the
content creator or by an automated process.
[0637] Generally, content items that are destination-specific
include:
[0638] 1. Instant messages;
[0639] 2. User requests for specific content items;
[0640] 3. Search results;
[0641] 4. Content items sent in the process of performing a
high-level activity or transaction (a confirmation);
[0642] 5. Dynamic awareness data updates obtained through
subscriptions;
[0643] 6. Content items accessed through browsing; and
[0644] 7. Payload fills.
[0645] 6.B. Self-routed.
[0646] 6.B.1. Simultaneous distribution of unique experiences:
While it is possible for each individual user within a particular
service region to receive completely different digital content in
his location-aware wireless communication appliance, there will be
a great deal of overlap, such that certain groups of users within a
certain service region will have common digital content displayed
or played on their location-aware wireless communication
appliances. Essentially, the overlap in digital content between
users or groups of users represents a form of shared virtual
environments. This will be described in high-level overview with
respect to FIGS. 1H and 1I. FIG. 1H depicts a plurality of
location-aware wireless communication appliances 351, 353, 355,
357, 359, and 361 in highly simplified form. Each appliance 351,
353, 355, 357, 359, and 361 includes an always-visible display 352,
354, 356, 358, 360, and 362, respectively, for displaying digital
content. For example, appliance 351 is displaying digital content
identified symbolically by Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G;
appliance 353 is displaying Digital Content D, E and G; appliance
355 is displaying Digital Content A, C, D and G; appliance 357 is
displaying Digital Content C, D, E, F and G; appliance 359 is
displaying Digital Content B, D, and G; and appliance 361 is
displaying Digital Content A, B, C, D, F, and G.
[0647] In FIG. 1H, Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G may
consist of text messages, graphical elements, changing text
elements, and/or changing audio-visual elements. Displays 352, 354,
356, 358, 360, and 362 may be segmented or proportioned to allow a
plurality of unrelated digital content elements to be displayed or
executed simultaneously. In the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, a rendering engine, such as Flash, will be utilized as a
primary user interface, so that the Digital Content A, B, C, D, E,
F, and G may represent various digital "movies" which are graphics
and/or textual elements which change with respect to time, and
which are simultaneously displayed or displayed in an overlapping
or complementary manner. As will be explained in more detail,
whether particular Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, or G is
displayed on appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, or 361 is not
coincidental. Further, whether Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F,
and/or G is displayed is not merely dependent upon the user's
current longitude and latitude.
[0648] FIG. 1I is a tabular representation of how digital content
is aggregated and assembled for further analysis. A table 363
includes a Digital Content ID column 365 which contains a plurality
of digital content messages: Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and
G. For each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G, nine columns of
exemplary data are illustrated: a playable digital content column
367, a source column 369, a type column 371, a subject column 373,
an energy required to play column 375, an energy earned by playing
column 377, a preferred location column 379, a preferred time
column 381, and a period column 383. The data from columns 367,
369, 371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381, and 383 for each Digital Content
A, B, C, D, E, F and G combine to define a specific electronic
"wrapper" for each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Thus,
Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G have wrappers 385, 387, 389,
391, 393, 395, and 397, respectively, whereby each column 367, 369,
371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381, and 383 represents a separate wrapper
element.
[0649] Playable digital content column 367 contains the actual
playable digital content, for example, a movie, an executable file,
a graphical icon, a text message, or the like. Source column 369
identifies the source of each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and
G. Type column 371 contains a general description of each Digital
Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G, or of the format of each Digital
Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E,
F and G may be analyzed and "coded" as corresponding to particular
types of content. For example, Digital Content A relates to content
subjects X and Y, Digital Content B relates to weather, Digital
Content E relates to content subjects L and M, and Digital Content
F relates to sporting events. According to the present invention,
the user may be required to "burn" selected amounts of network
energy to view, play, or execute certain types of digital content.
Energy required to play column 375 contains the amount of network
energy, in network energy units, required to view, play, or execute
each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G. On the other hand, the
user may be able to "earn" selected amounts of network energy by
viewing, playing, or executing certain types of digital content.
Energy earned for playing column 377 contains the amount of network
energy, in network energy units, which may be earned for viewing,
playing, or executing each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
In simplified terms, if the user does not have enough network
energy to view or play certain digital content, he must perform an
activity on network 11 for which he may earn network energy.
[0650] It should be understood that different digital content
elements may have different wrapper elements, or that certain
wrapper elements may not be applicable to certain digital content
messages. For example, Digital Content A, C, D, and G do not
contain data for the "Subject" wrapper element, subject column 373.
Although only nine exemplary wrapper elements have been depicted in
FIG. 1I, it will be appreciated that particular digital content
messages may have hundreds of wrapper elements, including wrapper
elements that qualify or quantify certain other wrapper
elements.
[0651] Digital content may be "offered for presentation" to the
user according to a variety of methods, including: immediate full
display, incremental display with time, incremental display with
location, and user initiated. A digital content element designated
as "immediate full display" is displayed immediately in its fullest
possible display format, regardless of time, user location, or user
intervention. A digital content element designated as "incremental
display with time" grows larger, becomes more prominent, or is
offered at increased frequency as the preferred display time
approaches. A digital content message designated as "incremental
display with location" grows larger, becomes more prominent, or is
offered at increased frequency as the user physically approaches
the preferred display location. A digital content message
designated as "user initiated" only grows larger, becomes more
prominent, or is offered when the user initiates a request or
search for such digital content. This "bubbling up" of digital
content is discussed in more detail in conjunction with the
description of the preferred graphical user interface.
[0652] As is shown, Digital Content A is an advertisement in the
form of a movie from Merchant #12 for which a user may earn five
units of network energy simply by playing the movie. Merchant #12
has designated that Digital Content A should preferably be offered
for presentation to the user after school hours. The offer of
presentation of Digital Content A to the user will grow larger or
more prominent as the user incrementally approaches a preferred
longitude and latitude LATLONG1, such as Merchant #12's retail
outlet. Digital Content B is a severe weather warning in the form
of text and an alarm from a government entity. Digital Content B is
displayed immediately at various times and changing physical
locations, such as the locations of users in the path of a severe
storm. Digital Content C is an e-mail message from a Friend #1 is
available for presentation to the user for a period of seven days,
such period being established through various means, including
designation by the sender, the user's responses to inquiries, the
user's trust relationship to Friend #1, and/or inferences made by
network 11. The receiving user will "burn" two units of network
energy should he choose to read Friend #1's e-mail message.
[0653] Digital Content D is a request for chat from Acquaintance
#3. Digital Content D is displayed as a graphical icon and will be
available for response by the user for a period of three hours.
Digital Content C and D have no preferred location. Digital Content
E is a survey in an executable spreadsheet format from Merchant #2.
As is depicted, the user can earn a relatively large amount of
network energy, twenty units, by completing the survey. It will
"cost" the user five units of network energy to respond to Digital
Content D. Digital Content E will be offered for presentation to
the user during the specific twenty-five day period between
December 1st and December 25th. Digital Content F is a textual
announcement from the user's school pertaining to a particular
sporting event, such as a football game. As is depicted, Digital
Content F will be incrementally displayed between 8:00 p.m. and
10:00 p.m. over a seven day period. Thus, the offer for
presentation of Digital Content F will grow larger, become more
prominent, or be offered at increased frequency as the time of the
football game approaches. Digital Content G is a schedule in a
calendar file format from the user's Soccer Team. Digital Content G
will only be offered for presentation if initiated by the user by a
query of search. Of course, if the user does initiate the offer for
presentation of Digital Content G, he will burn three units of
network energy.
[0654] In practice, network 11 may manage millions of digital
content elements in hundreds or thousands of categories, each
digital content element possibly having hundreds of wrapper
elements. Network 11 may require that members, including users and
network affiliates, enter or select category designations or key
words to allow sorting and analysis of the content subjects.
Alternatively, a software agent could be established which parses
the digital content or the associated wrappers and infers the
content subject. Although use of such a software agent would lessen
the burden on network affiliates and users, some misidentification
or miscategorization of the digital content may result. As will be
discussed below, in accordance with the present invention, privacy,
preference, and content subject is utilized to filter, accelerate,
prioritize, or block particular digital content elements.
Additionally, as has been discussed previously, the user's current
location information may also be an important basis for determining
whether certain digital content should be offered for
presentation.
[0655] Wrappers 385, 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, and 397 for Digital
Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, respectively, are illustrated in
high-level, simplified representations in FIG. 1J in the drawings.
In certain instances it may be necessary to separate the playable
digital content from the other wrapper elements to conserve cache
memory 392 and 396, or when wireless communication bandwidth is
insufficient. Such separation is particularly useful when the
playable digital content requires a large amount of storage, or
when the scheduler determines that the probability of the playable
digital content being displayed for a particular user is low. For
instance, the playable digital content for Digital Content G is a
soccer schedule in a calendar file format. Should the soccer
schedule require a large amount of cache memory, it is possible for
the actual playable digital content to reside on network server
109. In such instances, a wrapper link 398 is provided within
wrapper 397 to point to or provide an electronic link to the soccer
schedule file. Should the user decide to retrieve or display the
soccer schedule, wrapper link 398 would cause the soccer schedule
file to be retrieved or played. Wrapper link 398 is a method of
conserving cache memory. It should be understood that, aside from
pointing to digital content, such wrapper links can be used for a
wide variety of purposes, such as pointing to other data or memory
locations, and as place holders for future data.
[0656] Referring now to FIG. 1K in the drawings, a further
explanation of the aggregation and assembly of digital content is
illustrated. Appliances 351, 357, and 359 include cache memory 392,
394, and 396, respectively. Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G
are periodically transmitted and temporarily stored in cache memory
392, 394, and 396 prior to presentation to the user. FIG. 1K also
includes a depiction of the implementation of privacy blocks on
digital content. Such privacy blocks are set by the user or the
user's parents to ensure that certain categories or types of
digital content are never offered for presentation to the user,
regardless of the user's preferences, wrapper elements, or the
scheduling model. In all instances, Digital Content A, B, C, D, E,
F, and G, represented by reference numeral 401, are stored on
network server 109. In the preferred method, an electronic privacy
block 402 resides, in its entirety, on appliance 351. In the
preferred method, all Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G is
transmitted at the preferred off-peak time to appliance 351, but
certain digital content is permanently blocked from ever being
offered for presentation to the user. The block occurs entirely on
appliance 351. In an alternate method, a privacy block has a first
part 404a residing on network server 109, and a second part 404b
residing on appliance 357. In this embodiment, Digital Content A,
B, C, D, E, F, or G may be blocked from ever being transmitted to
appliance 357 by first part 404a, or Digital Content A, B, C, D, E,
F, or G may be transmitted to appliance 357 at the preferred
off-peak time, but blocked from being offered for presentation to
the user by second part 404b. In another alternate method, a
privacy block 406 resides, in its entirety, on network server 109.
In this method, Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G is
transmitted at the preferred off-peak time to appliance 359 only if
it is not blocked by privacy block 406.
[0657] FIG. 1L in the drawings is a tabular representation of a
novel contextual user profile according to the present invention. A
table 407 has a user/appliance column 409 which lists each
appliance 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361. Contextual user
profiles 411, 413, 415, 417, 419, and 421 are represented by the
rows of table 407, and correspond to appliances 351, 353, 355, 357,
359, and 361, respectively. Contextual user profiles 411, 413, 415,
417, 419, and 421 go far beyond what may traditionally be thought
of as a "profile." As will be explained in more detail below,
contextual user profiles 411, 413, 415, 417, 419, and 421 reside on
appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361.
[0658] Each user profile 411, 413, 415, 417, 419, and 421 is
comprised of certain "static" data components 423, represented by
columns 423a, 423b, and 423c, and certain "dynamic" data components
425, represented by columns 425a, 425b, 425c, 425d, 425e, 425f,
425g, and 425h. Dynamic data components 425 may be separated into
at least two categories: "hard" dynamic data components 427a,
represented by columns 425a, 425b, 425c, and 425d, and "soft"
dynamic data components 427b, represented by columns 425e, 425f,
425g, and 425h. Hard dynamic data is generally objective and
concrete, while soft dynamic data is generally subjective and
fungible. It should be understood that contextual user profiles
411, 413, 415, 417, 419, and 421 may consist of many other static
and dynamic data components. It is the combination of static data
components 423 and dynamic data components 425 that create the
unique "contextual" user profile.
[0659] Static data components 423 consist of data that remains
relatively constant, such as the accumulated biographic data of
column 423a, demographic data of column 423b, and cultural data of
column 432c. On the other hand, both hard dynamic data components
427a and soft dynamic data components 427b consist of data that may
change frequently, such as the date and time, the user's current
location, network-inferred data, and the user's preferences data,
as compiled through the inquisitiveness functions and responses to
queries. Examples of hard dynamic data include the user's actual
longitude and latitude data of column 425a, the time of day of
column 425b, the date of column 425c, and the user's available
network energy 425d. Examples of soft dynamic data include the
user's food preferences of column 425e, the user's entertainment
preferences of column 425f, the user's relationship preferences of
column 425g, in some instances the user's privacy blocks, and other
such data derived from the habit-modeling functions and
inquisitiveness functions of network 11. In other words, user
profiles are constantly changing and adapting to reflect the user's
current state of being, in terms of location, time, and personal
likes and dislikes.
[0660] The broad diversity of contextual user profiles 411, 413,
415, 417, 419, and 421 is depicted in table 407. The user of
appliance 351 has the following exemplary static data components:
biographical data B1, demographic data DM3, and cultural data C1;
the following exemplary hard dynamic data components: current
latitude and longitude LATLONG1, current time of 4:00 p.m., current
date of December 5th, and available network energy of 130 units;
and the following soft dynamic data components: food preferences
data F1, entertainment preferences data E1, relationship
preferences data R3, and privacy blocks P1. In a similar fashion,
the user of appliance 353 has the following exemplary static data
components: biographical data B3, demographic data DM2, and
cultural data C2; the following exemplary hard dynamic data
components: current latitude and longitude LATLONG2, current time
of 4:30 p.m., current date of December 5th, and available network
energy of 43 units; and the following soft dynamic data components:
food preferences data F2, entertainment preferences data E3,
relationship preferences data R2, and privacy blocks P2. The user
of appliance 355 has the following exemplary static data
components: biographical data B2, demographic data DM1, and
cultural data C3; the following exemplary hard dynamic data
components: current latitude and longitude LATLONG3, current time
of 5:00 p.m., current date of December 5th, and available network
energy of 62 units; and the following soft dynamic data components:
food preferences data F3, entertainment preferences data E2,
relationship preferences data R1, and privacy blocks P3.
[0661] Continuing with table 407 of FIG. 1L, the user of appliance
357 has the following exemplary static data components:
biographical data B1, demographic data DM2, and cultural data C1;
the following exemplary hard dynamic data components: current
latitude and longitude LATLONG4, current time of 4:00 p.m., current
date of December 5th, and available network energy of 227 units;
and the following soft dynamic data components: food preferences
data F3, entertainment preferences data E1, relationship
preferences data R1, and privacy blocks P4. In a similar fashion,
the user of appliance 359 has the following exemplary static data
components: biographical data B3, demographic data DM3, and
cultural data C2; the following exemplary hard dynamic data
components: current latitude and longitude LATLONG5, current time
of 4:30 p.m., current date of December 5th, and available network
energy of 39 units; and the following soft dynamic data components:
food preferences data F2, entertainment preferences data E3,
relationship preferences data R2, and privacy blocks P5. The user
of appliance 361 has the following exemplary static data
components: biographical data B1, demographic data DM3, and
cultural data C3; the following exemplary hard dynamic data
components: current latitude and longitude LATLONG6, current time
of 5:00 p.m., current date of December 5th, and available network
energy of 200 units; and the following soft dynamic data
components: food preferences data F1, entertainment preferences
data E2, relationship preferences data R3, and privacy blocks
P6.
[0662] Each biographic data B1, B2, and B3, each demographic data
DM1, DM2, and DM3, and each cultural data C1, C2, and C3 represents
a broad collection of information specific to a particular user,
with some information overlapping for specific users. Similarly,
each food preference data F1, F2, and F3, each entertainment data
E1, E2, and E3, and each relationship data R1, R2, and R3 is a
collection of related data compiled from the users' responses to
many inquiries made over a relatively long period of time, as well
as, from certain inferences made by network 11. Privacy blocks P1,
P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 are specific to each user and are either set
up by the user or the user's parents. It should be understood that
a large number of each of these types of preferences will exist in
network 11. In FIG. 1L, the small number of preferences have been
chosen to illustrate the potential for overlapping preferences
among contextual user profiles.
[0663] 6.B.2. Content selection engine: The content selection
engine works from a profile of content items that indirectly
represents a profile of users. The basic process is outlined
below.
[0664] a. Compute content item similarities. Content item
similarities are determined by the following factors:
[0665] 1. Relevant location;
[0666] 2. Relevant time;
[0667] 3. Associations;
[0668] 4. Categorizations;
[0669] 5. Features;
[0670] 6. Proper key words;
[0671] 7. Originator;
[0672] The routines are set up to filter the parameters that
participate in the similarity calculation. For the first three
listed above, this is just "use" or "do not use," for the
associations. It is a mask for each association. When selecting
mentors, content associations are the primary mechanism, with
location/time being secondarily used.
[0673] For grouping calculations, initially all factors are taken
into consideration, but user actions can modify which fields are
used for similarity testing, i.e., adding something to an
arrangement identifies what is the differences that do not
matter--removing a something from an arrangement identifies fields
where similarity is apparently not significant.
[0674] The similarity calculations are straightforward equality
checks for the type of wrapper and originator of content. The
location/time cylinder comparisons are relatively simple distance
calculations returning a distance and an intersection flag. The
content association calculations appear more complex, but are
really just simple distance calculations done in an efficient way
using bit-wise math.
[0675] b. Through explicit or implicit means acquire positive and
negative content item ratings from users. These ratings area
associated with individual content items (specific or prototypical)
and may have associated time and location contexts.
[0676] c. Locate candidate content items through constrained random
selection.
[0677] d. Probabilities of candidate content items are calculated
based on proximity to previously rated content items, those nearer
(in similarity space) to positively rated content items having a
higher probability than those nearer (in similarity space) to
negatively rated content items. In addition, when a content item is
selected, the content items around it (in similarity space) have
their probabilities temporarily diminished.
[0678] Content Selection Services are responsible for creating
content payloads on the network for each individual user. A content
payload is made up of a single user id with a group of content ids
associated to it. As soon as a user registers their device, a
content payload is created and available on the network for that
user. Initially the content payloads will be filled with random
content. Once the user begins to rate content the payloads will
become more tailored to each individual users preferences. Each
time the user's device makes a request for content, the user's
existing content payload (space allotting) on the network is sent
to the user and the available space in their content payload
account on the network is refreshed with new content. The content
in each payload is selected through a series of complex
calculations determining the most appropriate content for each
specific user along with a few completely random pieces.
[0679] When a user buys a device it comes with a set of random
content. When they register their device with the network, a
content payload account is created with more random content and
stored on the network for that user.
[0680] Users begin to rate content and buddies on their device over
time. These ratings are sent over to the network on a regular
basis. Each rating is stored with a time, location and value
(positive or negative). The ratings are kept in a historical
format.
[0681] A general content request is received from a user. Based on
the amount of space available on the device for new content, the
existing payload for that user is reviewed and the appropriate
content is selected and sent to their device (see "Content
Services" above). The user's content payload is also refilled in
parallel. As stated above, the payload starts out as generic
content but over time becomes tailored to each individual's
preferences.
[0682] The payload is refilled by randomly selecting positive
ratings from the user ratings history for that particular user. It
then searches for content in the general content pool that is close
to it based on a Euclidean distance, which is the straight line
distance between two points, measure plus space and time parameters
of where the particular rating was made.
[0683] 6.B.3. Relationship influence: As mentioned earlier, users
can rate other users. These ratings enable the ratings provided by
other users to impact the content selected for the user who has
rated others.
[0684] When a user rates a content item, the rating propagates out
anonymously to everyone who has rated that user positively.
7. Deliver
[0685] 7.A. Intelligent pre-caching: In the preferred embodiment,
an asynchronous data transfer and caching scheme is utilized to
mediate network usage and deliver a data responsiveness that
exceeds that possible with synchronous data delivery over
narrowband wireless networks.
[0686] Narrowband, wireless packet data networks such as CDPD and
GPRS cannot provide data delivery response times as low as those
which users have become accustomed to with wide-band or broadband
packet data network connections such as ISDN, DSL or dedicated
leased lined. As a result, wireless enabled devices tend to have
long response times after a user requests data from the network
until the data is completely transmitted to the wireless device. In
addition, the maximum capacity of current wireless networks is
limited and demand may exceed capacity during peak usage times,
further slowing data transfer. Also, wireless network usage during
peak times can be more expensive than usage during off-peak times,
making it financially beneficial to utilize off-peak time.
[0687] By utilizing the scheduling invention illustrated herein, it
is possible to transfer pre-selected data to a memory cache on a
device and later present the information to the user automatically
and/or when the data is requested. The transfer of pre-selected
data is performed asynchronously from the data presentation,
allowing a wide-band connection and/or off-peak narrowband
connection to be used to transfer the data to the memory cache in
the device. In this way the presentation of the data makes it
appear that the data transfer is exceeding the maximum theoretical
bandwidth of the wireless network.
[0688] 1. Data transfer
[0689] a. Asynchronous--ads, games, future events, entertainment,
news
[0690] b. Synchronous--messages, invitations, awareness
[0691] 2. Bandwidth
[0692] a. Broadband
[0693] b. Narrowband
[0694] 3. Network utilization
[0695] a. Peak usage
[0696] b. Off-peak usage
[0697] 7.A.1. Transfer costs
[0698] a) Minimal (connected to fat pipe)
[0699] b) Cheap (wireless off-peak)
[0700] c) Expensive (capacity limited times)
[0701] 7.A.2. Delivery times: In the process of packetizing, it is
preferred that the system knows when it has to have it by and when
is it too late.
[0702] 7.A.2.a. Available to send
[0703] 7.A.2.b. Must be sent by
[0704] 7.B. Separation of data and presentation layers: To
decompose the presentations into their base parts and send only
what is needed
[0705] Resources can be shared
[0706] Efficiencies of factoring
[0707] Can keep logos separate from ads, so one logo can be used in
numerous ads
[0708] One template can be used to present the same type of data
numerous places. For instance, one news viewer used by numerous
news content providers
[0709] Used in subscriptions to reduce the size of the data
update
8. Present
[0710] 8.A. Content's context sensitivities interacting with
current context: The calculation of neediness is discussed
below.
[0711] Mechanisms about the interaction between the sensitivities
and the actual situation
[0712] 8.A.1. Client presentation scheduler
[0713] 8.A.1.a. Probabilistic selection: In accordance with the
preferred implementation of the present invention, a software
routine or module known as a "scheduler" is utilized to manage the
presentation and refresh scheduling of digital content on each
appliance 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361. The scheduler operates
to select digital content for either or both of transmission and
reception in accordance with a scheduling model. The presentation
of all content items is controlled, managed, or monitored by the
scheduler. The scheduler probabilistically selects content items
for presentation using constrained random variation. This can be
better understood with reference to FIGS. 1M and 1N in the
drawings. FIG. 1M is a high-level, simplified representation of the
operation of the scheduler with respect to appliances 351 and 357
at an initial state. FIG. 1N is a high-level, simplified
representation of the operation of the scheduler with respect to
appliances 351 and 357 at a subsequent state.
[0714] In the preferred embodiment, the scheduler resides in its
entirety on appliances 351 and 357. However, it should be
understood that the scheduler may reside and be executable on
network server 109, on appliances 351 and 357, or on a combination
of network server 109 and appliances 351 and 357. Irrespective of
the location in which the scheduler resides, the scheduler
functions and operates in a similar manner. Therefore, the
following discussion will not identify any particular location for
the scheduler, and will be primarily focused on the scheduling
functions and operations performed by the scheduler. As is
illustrated, a scheduler 451 resides on appliance 351, and an
identical scheduler 453 resides on appliance 357.
[0715] Plurality of messages 401 reside on network server 109 and
are available for communication to appliances 351 and 357, the
users of which are likely located in a particular geographic
region, such as geographic region GR1 (see FIG. 1A). Digital
Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G having corresponding wrappers 385,
387, 389, 391, 393, 395, and 397, respectively, are preferably
transmitted from network server 109 to appliances 351 and 357 at a
pre-selected time and stored in cache memory 392 and 396 for a
predetermined duration. It is preferred that transmissions from
network server 109 be performed at a time when wireless
communication bandwidth is at a maximum and connection charges are
at a minimum, typically late at night, or early in the morning. Of
course, some digital content may be transmitted or updated "live,"
as it happens. As discussed previously, in certain instances it may
be necessary to separate the playable digital content from the
other wrapper elements to conserve cache memory 392 and 396, or
when wireless communication bandwidth is insufficient.
[0716] As explained above, contextual user preference profiles 411
and 417 are compiled and reside on appliances 351 and 357,
respectively. Schedulers 451 and 453 analyze Digital Content items
A, B, C, D, E, F, and G and perform a comparative analysis between
each Digital Content items A, B, C, D, E, F, and G and each
contextual user profile 411 and 417. Schedulers 451 and 453
consider the location of the user, the time of day, the day of the
week, the date, the identity or source of the digital content, the
type of digital content, the preferences previously established by
the user, and the content subject of the digital content.
Schedulers 451 and 453 also consider the privacy settings
previously established by the user or his parents. These privacy
settings are maintained in privacy block data 402 residing on
appliance 351, and privacy block data 404a and 404b residing on
both appliance 357 and network server 109, respectively. Schedulers
451 and 453 filter, sort, and prioritize Digital Content items A,
B, C, D, E, F and G in a manner which is consistent with the
foregoing considerations. However, in the preferred implementation
of the present invention, schedulers 451 and 453 are not rigid
systems, but are instead probabilistic models which associate
weights or values with each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G
that is available for presentation to the users at any particular
time. Additionally, schedulers 451 and 453 may associate a
confidence measure with each weight and value. Accordingly, a
weight and a confidence measure may be utilized in determining
whether Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G will be offered for
presentation to the users, and, if so, in what order Digital
Content A, B, C, D, E, F, or G will be communicated to the users,
relative to each other.
[0717] According to the preferred scheduling model, all digital
content has a finite probability of being offered for presentation
to the users of appliances 351 and 357, unless such digital content
is absolutely and completely blocked for privacy reasons. This is
so because the operations of schedulers 451 and 453 are governed by
constrained random variation as described herein. In other words, a
mere reference value of "Low" will not preclude particular digital
content from being offered for presentation to a user.
[0718] Continuing with reference to FIGS. 1M and 1N, each scheduler
451 and 453 is comprised of a software "neediness agent" and a
"probabilistic wheel" arranged like a roulette wheel having a
plurality of bins located around the periphery. Schedulers 451 and
453 generate a bin for each digital content message, regardless of
the quantity; however, the bins vary in size, as determined by the
ever changing probability that a particular digital content message
will be offered for presentation. Scheduler 451 has a neediness
agent 461 and a probabilistic wheel 463. Likewise, scheduler 453
has a neediness agent 465 and a plurality of probabilistic bins
467. This is depicted graphically in FIGS. 1M and 1N. FIGS. 1M and
1N are identical in all respects with the exception that FIG. 1M
represents an initial state or time, and FIG. 1N represents a
subsequent state or time. The following discussion will pertain to
FIG. 1N only.
[0719] All data from Digital Content items A, B, C, D, E, F, and G,
contextual user profiles 411 and 417, and privacy blocks 402, 404a,
and 404b is input into neediness agents 461 and 465. The
comparative analysis between each Digital Content items A, B, C, D,
E, F, and G and contextual user profile 411 is performed by
neediness agent 451. In identical fashion, the comparative analysis
between each Digital Content A, B, C, D, E, F, and G and contextual
user profile and 417 is performed by neediness agent 453.
[0720] As is shown, probabilistic wheel 463 includes Bin A, Bin B,
Bin C, Bin D, Bin E, Bin F, and Bin G, each being sized to
correspond to at least the weight accorded each Digital Content
items A, B, C, D, E, F and G, respectively. Similarly,
probabilistic wheel 467 includes Bin A, Bin B, Bin C, Bin D, Bin E,
Bin F, and Bin G. The weighing may additionally take into account
the confidence measure associated with the weight determination.
According to the probabilistic scheduling model, there is a much
greater probability of selection and presentation of digital
content associated with larger bins. Neediness agent 461 has made
Bin G the largest bin on probabilistic wheel 463. Similarly,
neediness agent 465 has made Bin G the largest bin on probabilistic
wheel 467. Therefore, of Digital Content items A, B, C, D, E, F and
G, it is most probable that Digital Content G will be transmitted,
received, and offered for presentation to the users of appliances
351 ad 357. The large size of Bin G on probabilistic wheels 463 and
467 may be the result of the weight accorded to Digital Content G,
the confidence measure for the weight accorded to Digital Content
item G, or some combination of weight and confidence measures.
[0721] As is shown on probabilistic wheel 463, Bin A, Bin B, Bin C,
and Bin D are relatively uniform in size, but smaller in size than
Bin G. Further, Bin E and Bin F are uniform in size, but are the
smallest bins on probabilistic wheel 463. Thus, Digital Content A,
B, C, and D have an equal probability of being offered for
presentation to the user of appliance 351, albeit a lower
probability than Digital Content G. In contrast, although Bin E and
Bin F have an equal probability of being selected for presentation,
such probability is the lowest of the bins on probabilistic wheel
463. As for probabilistic wheel 467, Bin C, Bin D, Bin E, and Bin F
are relatively uniform in size, but smaller in size than Bin G.
Further, Bin A and Bin B are uniform in size, but are the smallest
bins on probabilistic wheel 467. Thus, Digital Content items C, D,
E, and F have an equal probability of being offered for
presentation to the user of appliance 357, albeit a lower
probability than Digital Content item G. In contrast, although Bin
A and Bin B have an equal probability of being selected for
presentation, such probability is the lowest of the bins on
probabilistic wheel 467.
[0722] It is important to note that schedulers 451 and 453
intelligently consider the amount of network energy required to
play particular digital content, and the amount of network energy
that is available for use by each user. If a user is low on network
energy, neediness agents 461 and 465 will decrease the probability
of presenting digital content that "burn" large amounts of network
energy. Instead, neediness agents 461 and 465 will increase the
probability of offering for presentation digital content for which
the users may "earn" network energy. For example, if the user of
appliance 351 is low on network energy, neediness agent 461 will
decrease the probability of offering for presentation Digital
Content item D, which requires five units of network energy to
execute. On the other hand, neediness agent 461 will increase the
probability of offering for presentation Digital Content item E,
for which the user may earn 20 units of network energy for
completing the survey.
[0723] According to the present invention, the user does not know
what digital content has been stored in cache memory to be offered
for presentation. However, the user indirectly controls what
digital content is offered for presentation by the user's
interaction with network 11. However, the user may initiate a
search session in which the user requests particular digital
content information. Because network 11 is highly user centric,
such user-initiated searching receives a high priority. For
example, if the user of appliance 357 initiates a search session to
determine the starting time of the user's next soccer game,
neediness agent 465 will immediately and greatly increase the
probability of offering Digital Content item G for presentation to
the user. Such user-initiated interaction with appliance 357 will
predominate over other goals of network 11. The other goals of
network 11 are secondary to user-initiated interaction.
[0724] Neediness agent 461 analyses and compares Digital Content
items A, B, C, D, E, F, and G with contextual user profile 411. The
comparative analysis necessarily includes consideration of privacy
blocks 402. As a result of this comparative analysis, neediness
agent 461 determines the relative size of the bins on probabilistic
wheel 463 and then randomly selects which digital content should be
offered for presentation to the user of appliance 351. The relative
size of the bins will depend upon either the weight accorded the
digital content messages or the confidence level associated with
the weighing. As is shown, it is most probable that Digital Content
item A, B, C, D, and G is presented, in some form or another, on
display 352 (see also FIG. 1H). It should be noted that Digital
Content A is displayed incrementally larger or more prominently as
the user approaches LATLONG1, the preferred location set by
Merchant #12. The severe weather warning of Digital Content item B
is displayed immediately to any user in the path of the severe
weather. Digital Content items C and D will likely be displayed as
soon as possible. Finally, Digital Content G will be available for
presentation should the user initiate such presentation by way of
searching or otherwise interacting with appliance 351. Scheduler
451 constantly changes and updates the sizes of Bin A, Bin B, Bin
C, Bin D, Bin E, Bin F, and Bin G on probabilistic wheel 463,
depending upon date, time, user location, available user energy,
and many other parameters associated with contextual user profile
411. This is illustrated by the differences in the sizes of Bin A,
Bin B, Bin C, Bin D, Bin E, Bin F, and Bin G between FIG. 1M and
1N. It should also be noted that the probability of presentation of
a particular digital content message is independent of the period
for which the digital content is to be displayed. For example, the
fact that Digital Content item D has designated to be available for
three hours may have little affect on whether Digital Content item
D is offered for presentation, that is until the period of three
hours expires.
[0725] Scheduler 453 of appliance 357 operates in a similar
fashion. For scheduler 453, Digital Content items A, B, C, D, E, F,
and G are analyzed and compared to contextual user profile 417.
Neediness agent 465 analyses and compares Digital Content items A,
B, C, D, E, F, and G with contextual user profile 417. The
comparative analysis necessarily includes consideration of privacy
blocks 404a and 404b. As a result of this comparative analysis,
neediness agent 465 determines the relative size of the bins on
probabilistic wheel 467 and then randomly selects which digital
content should be offered for presentation to the user of appliance
357. The relative size of the bins will depend upon either the
weight accorded the digital content messages or the confidence
level associated with the weighing. Due to the different relative
sizes of the bins, it is most probable that Digital Content items
C, D, E, F, and G is presented, in some form or another, on display
358 (see also FIG. 1H).
[0726] It will be appreciated that one implementation of the
present invention may be the generation of a "scheduling agent"
which is identified with a particular user. This scheduling agent
may be extremely sensitive to location of the particular user as he
or she moves between service regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221
within the network 11 (see FIG. 1F). The implementation of such
scheduling agents allows schedulers 451 and 453 to generate
location-dependent changes in the relative sizes of the bins of
probabilistic wheels 463 and 467 as the users move about between
service regions 213, 215, 217, 219, and 221 (see FIG. 1F). In this
manner, the probability that location-dependent digital content
will be offered for presentation to the user is increased as the
user approaches the optimum location for presentation of the
digital content, as determined by the sponsoring entity. This type
of intensely local targeted communication can be extremely
effective, particularly if the digital content is an advertisement.
This will be discussed in greater detail below in several examples
of offering certain digital content for presentation based
primarily upon location information.
[0727] Additionally, schedulers 451 and 453 may be "adaptive," such
that schedulers 451 and 453 change over time. Such changes may
either be "reactive" or "predictive." These adaptive changes to
schedulers 451 and 453 are different than changes in contextual
user profiles 411 and 417, which are constantly updated. Reactive
changes to schedulers 451 and 453 may represent "step function"
changes, such as a relatively long-term relocation of a user to a
new distant locale, or "incremental" changes, such as a maturing of
the user of a long period of time. This sensitivity to subtle
changes can correspond to, be responsive to, and tracked with,
changes in taste and preferences for the individual user. A step
function adaptive change would occur in scheduler 451 if the user
went on a vacation across the country for two weeks. Scheduler 451
would recognize this long-term change in location and adapt by
offering different digital content, possibly digital content
relating to the new location, for presentation. Further, the
interests of a user who is seven or eight years old may differ
substantially from the interests of a user who is fourteen or
fifteen years old. If the user is a member of network 11 for that
entire interval of time, from age seven to age fifteen, the user
will be presented with repeated opportunities to update, modify,
and supplement contextual user profile 411. As a result,
incremental adaptive changes occur in scheduler 451 as the user
ages over long periods of time. As tastes change due to maturation
or other factors, scheduler 451 may also change and accord
different weights to different sources, types, and subject matter
of digital content. This type of response to either step function
changes or incremental changes can be considered to be reactive
changes.
[0728] On the other hand, schedulers 451 and 453 allow for and
encourage certain types of "predictive" changes. As contextual user
profiles 411 and 417 are complied, network 11 is better able
predict far in advance the types of digital content which may be or
could be of interest to the users, even before the users actually
develop an interest in such subject matter. This allows network 11
to "lead" the user to digital content which may be of interest to
the user based upon inferences generated from contextual user
profiles 411 and 417. This contrasts with the reactive changes
discussed above which can be considered a form of "lagging" behind
changes in the users' conditions. Predictive changes in schedulers
451 and 453 can be useful in targeted advertising as the
information for all users can be analyzed and patterns can be
determined for likes, dislikes, and preferences from the aggregated
data of thousands of users. One example would be the advertisement
of a particular book or type of music based upon a statistically
reliable inference that users which like one type of book or music
may also like another type of book or music which is somehow
stylistically or otherwise related.
[0729] 8.A.1.a.1 DELIVERY OF CONTENT BASED UPON KNOWN USER
PREFERENCES: In the example of FIGS. 1H, 1I, 1J, 1K, 1L, 1M, and
1N, the differences between the digital content displayed on
appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361 can be explained by
differences between the users, as determined through examination of
the respective contextual user profiles, such as contextual user
profiles 411 and 417. By examining appliances 351, 353, 355, 357,
359, and 361 in FIG. 1H, it is clear that certain digital content
is more common to some users, but less common to other users. For
example, there is a significant overlap between the digital content
items received by the user of appliance 351 and the digital content
received by the user of appliance 361. This overlap is based upon
similarities in the respective contextual user profiles. In
contrast, there is little similarity between the digital content
received by the user of appliance 353 and the digital content
received by the user of device 355. This lack of overlap is based
upon differences in the respective contextual user profiles. Note
that Digital Content D and G are communicated to all appliances
351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361. Thus, it is highly likely that
LATLONG1, LATLONG2, LATLONG3, LATLONG4, LATLONG5, and LATLONG6 are
all located within a single service region, such as geographic
region GR1.
[0730] Users that have largely overlapping digital content can be
considered as users who are "sharing" virtual space. If two or more
users know one another and also share common virtual space through
the receipt of generally similar digital content items, their
user-experience can be richer and more enjoyable, and they can
begin to build "community" within network 11 based upon common
interests. This may take many forms including the creation,
distribution, and sharing of digital content. It can also take the
form of "virtual introductions." Essentially, there is a
substantial opportunity for the development of community systems.
Community systems and novel functions enabled by the present
invention will be discussed in greater detail below when the
preferred community systems are discussed.
[0731] 8.A.1.a.2 PRIMACY OF USER PRIVACY PREFERENCES: Privacy is
primary for network 11. User preferences, not network or merchant
preferences, have priority.
[0732] 8.A.1.a.3 INFERRED ACTION AND PURPOSE: One additional novel
function enabled by the present invention is the ability of network
11 to infer action and purpose of the user based upon certain types
of data. Of course, contextual user profiles are extremely useful
in inferring action and purpose. However, location information and
time information are equally important in inferring action and
purpose. In the simplest form, the action and purpose of a
particular user can be inferred through the analysis of location
information only. For example, if the user communicates with
network 11 from a "school" location, it would be reasonable to
assume that the user is present for purposes related to obtaining
an education. However, it may be useful to also consider time
information in addition to location information to better determine
or infer action and/or purpose of a particular user. For example,
the communication by the user from a "school" location during a
weekend or holiday may infer different types of action or purpose,
such as attendance at a sporting event. Certainly, determinations
based upon location and time are likely to be more accurate than
determinations based upon location information alone.
[0733] It is also possible for network 11 to analyze changes in
either or both of location and time in order to infer action and
purpose. For example, if the user has traveled from a first known
location to a second known location in a particular time frame, it
may be possible for network 11 to examine the time and location
data from the user's contextual user profile to determine the most
likely activity in which the user is about to become engaged. For
example, with reference to FIGS. 1E, 1F, and the related tables of
FIGS. 1G (1 of 5) through 1G (5 of 5), if the user has traveled
from service region 219 from Home 239 to service region 213, on a
particular day and time, network 11 can reasonably conclude that
the user is going to either Riding Stables 225 or Water Park 227.
In addition, network 11 can examine date information to determine
if it is more likely that the user is going to Water Park 227 or
Riding Stables 225. For example, in a winter season, it is unlikely
that the user will be traveling to Water Park 227. Furthermore, an
examination by network 11 of the user's profile, which has been
compiled over a relatively long period of time, such as months, may
result in a determination that the user ordinarily takes his riding
lessons on a particular day and time, such as Saturday at 10:00
a.m. With this known data, network 11 can make reasonably accurate
determinations about the actions and purposes of the user. Thus,
travel on a particular day and time between service region 219
where Home 239 is located to service region 213 where Riding
Stables 225 are located may give rise to a very reliable inference
that the user is going to take riding lessons.
[0734] The following are several concrete illustrations of the
utilization of location information only, location and time
information, and changes in either of location and/or time
information in order to infer action and/or purpose of the user.
This information is useful because certain types of digital content
may be more appropriate, relevant, or effective if offered for
presentation at a particular time relative to an inferred action or
purpose. For example, offering for presentation a commercial
message from stores located in a particular mall is much more
effective and relevant if network 11 can reasonably infer that a
user is located at or in route to that particular mall.
[0735] 8.A.1.a.4 USE OF LOCATION INFORMATION ONLY TO INFER ACTION:
Network 11 might infer that if a user is at "work," she is working.
The system can exploit this knowledge by giving higher priority to
content items that are associated with work-related activities.
[0736] 8.A.1.a.5 USE OF LOCATION AND TIME INFORMATION TO INFER
ACTION AND/OR PURPOSE: Network 11 might infer that if a user is at
"school" on a weekend night, she is attending a sporting event. For
example, if the user is at school after hours or on a weekend in
the fall, the action and purpose of the user may be inferred to be
non-educational, such as attendance at a football game.
[0737] 8.A.1.a.6 USE OF CHANGES IN LOCATION AND/OR TIME TO INFER
ACTION AND/OR PURPOSE: In addition, if the user travels from one
"known" location to another, network 11 may be able to infer the
activity that the user is about to become involved in. For example,
network 11 may infer that if a user is traveling from "Restaurant
A," at which the user was located for the last hour, toward "work,"
that the user is going back to work.
[0738] The relative probabilities assigned to each content item and
used by the that the scheduler vary with the current context and
the contextual sensitivities of the set of content items being
scheduled. The relative probabilities are computing using the
neediness measures calculated individually for each content item.
This calculation is discussed in the following section.
[0739] 8.A.1.b. Neediness: DEFINITION OF NEEDINESS: An aggregated
relevancy based on many factors which determine how important a
piece of content is to a user under their current context.
Essentially it is a combination of effects that are mapped back to
a value.
[0740] Components that Affect Neediness:
[0741] a. Content.
[0742] b. Context (kept current all the time).
[0743] i. Device.
[0744] ii. Objective.
[0745] iii. Subjective.
[0746] iv. Preferences.
[0747] c. Preferences (Ratings).
[0748] Neediness Changes Because:
[0749] a. Content Changes--Something a user has an awareness to
escalates to a higher level of wanting to be seen, i.e., awareness
trigger.
[0750] b. User actions--changes context, for example, find
something, send a message.
[0751] c. Device status--docked status, signal conditions, etc.
[0752] d. PG rating--rating flag is a hard limit on what can be
seen
[0753] e. Prerequisites--list of content that must have been seen
within a certain space/time cylinder, which can be positive or
negative.
[0754] f. Interruptiveness--immediate pass-through.
[0755] g. Loneliness--used to suppress repeat content. Individual
time-constant based.
[0756] h. Space/time sensitivity--cylinder list intersections.
[0757] i. Habits (categorized place/time)--The experience platform
enables individual device-holders to model their habits in terms of
times, locations, and system-defined categories. At their
discretion, device-holders are able to name the locations that want
their device to know about. These location names are used when
device-holders choose to expose their location information to other
selected device-holders. The device "looks up" the current named
place/time wherever the user is. It currently uses the smallest
cylinder as their location if the user is in two overlapping
cylinders. The rationale is that it makes the user's location more
specific.
[0758] In addition to providing their own names for locations,
device-holders can assign a habit category to a location. Actually,
they can do this whether or not they provide a name for the
location. The system service provider provides a plurality,
preferably sixteen, predefined habit categories from which
device-holders can choose. The habit categories represent places at
which it can be inferred that a variety of typical behaviors and
activities will take place. The habit categories will also have a
predefined radius based on what it is. Content creators can take
advantage of these inferred behaviors and activities and use them
to affect the neediness of their content. A content creator can
make the neediness of a given presentation package be sensitive to
habits by listing applicable habit categories in the wrapper for
that presentation package. An exemplary set of habit categories is
listed below. This set is may be adapted as necessary.
[0759] j. Habit Categories:
[0760] i. Home.
[0761] ii. School.
[0762] iii. Work/Job.
[0763] iv. Culture & Education.
[0764] v. Church.
[0765] vi. Mall.
[0766] vii. Restaurant/Cafe.
[0767] viii. Concert Hall/Venue.
[0768] ix. Movie theater.
[0769] x. Sports Stadium.
[0770] xi. Downtown.
[0771] xii. City Park.
[0772] xiii. Amusement Park.
[0773] xiv. Public Transportation.
[0774] xv. Participatory Sports.
[0775] xvi. Friend's/Relative's House.
[0776] k. Ratings--how the user rated it as well as when and where
(time and place) he rated it.
[0777] i. Specific--Explicit ratings for previously rated
content--this is affected by the time and location of the previous
ratings.
[0778] ii. Inferred--Content it refers back to on the device to
make a rating. Each wrapper includes a key comprised of ratings,
provided by its creator, to a plurality of, preferably ninety-six,
characteristics, called content associations. The content
association key provides a ninety-six-feature description of a
presentation package that is mapped to a ninety-six dimensional
space. The key provides a basis for inferring a preference rating
for its associated presentation package in the absence of an
explicit rating provided by the device-holder or a preliminary
specific rating provided by the relationship network for it.
[0779] The preference inference process is carried out by a content
mentoring mechanism. Basically, any content item that is explicitly
rated by a device holder will act as a potential mentor for other
content whose content association key is similar. The degree of
similarity between any two presentation-packages is determined by
computing a Euclidean distance measure between the content
association keys of the presentation-packages. Because the
associations keys have four levels of strength of association for
each of the ninety-six dimensions, the distance metric ranges from
0 (identical) to 29.39. The set of content associations is divided
up into several categories. At the most fundamental level there is
a distinction between category associations and property
associations. Category associations provide a characterization of
content in terms of taxonomic distinctions. Property associations
provide a characterization in terms of properties that cut across
the various categories. In this way, content similarity, or
closeness, is sensitive to both categorical and property
descriptions.
[0780] iii. Identifying Mentors--Used to infer the preference of a
piece of content that has not been rated yet to an explicitly rated
piece of content, i.e., a mentor. This happens based on some
similarity of the unrated content and the mentor. A piece of
content can have more than one mentor.
[0781] iv. Preliminary--comes from relationship network.
[0782] l. Energy Balance--works to keep balance at a certain level
(centered).
[0783] m. Transfer balance (number of bytes)--budgets the amount of
bandwidth usage--space it out over a month period.
[0784] (1) Context driven.
[0785] 8.B. User Interface: Purpose: Use-case analysis describes
the different uses of a system (or subsystem) by each of the
different types of its users. The analysis of usage was refined
several times and resulted in identifying three primary high-level
uses: acquiring and maintaining awareness, communicating, and
searching. Of the major uses, awareness is the use that most sets
the UI apart from other device UI's. Further, it is the integration
of awareness services with other familiar features that makes the
network of the present invention a truly compelling product. An
early focus group study, an ecological study, and a later
quantitative evaluation helped both in refining and in supporting
the value of the identified combination of uses. So the UI needs to
be highly effective in:
[0786] Providing Awareness
[0787] Integrating other features coherently and consistently with
the awareness structures in the UI
[0788] An exception to this is personalization of which there are
two distinct types:
[0789] Giving users much flexibility in specifying the information
they wanted to be aware of and how it was arranged.
[0790] Providing users with the capability to create their own
content, either to share with others on the network or to
self-brand their device with their individual styles.
[0791] Only the first personalization use, that is, the need to
provide users with flexibility in selecting and organizing
information, became important to defining the UI framework.
[0792] 8.B.1. Awareness Items
[0793] As used here, awareness encompasses a wide range of
different types of information about, among other things, friends,
events, processes, news, and merchant offers. Awareness is also
manifested in different ways. We defined four forms of awareness
that the network and its UI needed to be capable of supporting.
[0794] 1. Awareness of what is close to you and happening around
you at the present time. For example, awareness of the nearest ATM
or Starbucks, and awareness of a special offer at a favorite nearby
restaurant delivered to you near lunchtime.
[0795] 2. Awareness of things that will happen or become effective
at various times in the future. For example, awareness of an
upcoming concert or soon to be released movie, awareness of
invitations to parties or meetings, and awareness of new
products.
[0796] 3. Awareness about things that are of interest and that are
happening now, but that are not near you or directly observable.
For example, awareness of the score of a baseball game, awareness
of stock quotes, awareness of a package delivery, and awareness of
the location of friends.
[0797] 4. Awareness of state and status of your activities and the
system. For example, awareness of received messages, awareness of
pending work such as an unfinished IM, awareness of the status of a
sent message, and awareness that the battery is low or that you
have lost connectivity.
[0798] 8.B.2. Arrangement layer
[0799] a) Minimized content state
[0800] b) Viewing a few characteristics
[0801] c) Content item
[0802] 8.B.3. Work layer
[0803] a) Maximized (opened) content state
[0804] b) Manipulation
[0805] 8.B.4. Stream
[0806] a) "trailer" (animated content preview) content state
[0807] b) Contextual alerts
[0808] 8.B.5. Switcher
[0809] a) Scaled-Minimized content state
[0810] b) Rapid navigational tool
[0811] c) Arrangement to arrangement
[0812] 8.B.6. Menus and alerts
[0813] a) Contextual actions
[0814] b) User error alerts
[0815] 8.C. UI (Alternate)
[0816] 8.D. UI--Audio
[0817] 8.E. UI Themes
[0818] 8.E.1. Demographically configured: In accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the contextual user
profile can have secondary uses, including determining the scheme,
design, layout, and/or content of graphical user interfaces (GUI's)
for the location-aware wireless communication appliances. The
determination of a GUI which might be most pleasing and acceptable
to a member may be determined by and based upon the location
information and demographic information for that particular member.
Data regarding regional or demographical preferences may be
aggregated to determine the most appropriate GUI.
[0819] 8.E.2. Personality configured: Alternatively or
additionally, a GUI may be determined, at least in part, by the
personality of a particular member, based upon biographical,
personal, and preferences data gathered for that particular member.
Such data can be aggregated for a large number of users to
determine the types of GUI's that are most pleasing to those types
of members.
[0820] 8.F. Rating mechanisms: As mentioned in Section 3.C, ratings
enable the network platform to tune the selection and scheduling of
content to each individual user's likes and needs. This tuning is
the benefit accrued by the user for making the effort to rate
content. However, rating is always an optional activity. See
Sections 3.D, 6.B.2, and 8.A, for further details on the influence
of ratings on content selection and scheduling.
[0821] 8.F.1 Explicit methods: One method of acquiring ratings is
by collecting explicit input form each user with regard to
presented content. As content is presented, users are provided with
the opportunity to rate the presented content. Nominally, the
content item currently being presented in the Stream is the focus
for the rating. The opportunity to rate is provided unobtrusively
and is a natural way of interacting with the system. Since the
Stream is generally continuous, the opportunity to rate content
items is also generally continuously available.
[0822] The system is also inquisitive and can actively make
inquiries of the user. For example, a content item may ask the user
a generic question such as "do you like pizza?" A question of this
sort can act as a mentor to the selection of other more specific
content items related to it (e.g., an offer from a specific pizza
restaurant). The inquisitiveness of the system is inherent in the
manner in which content items are scheduled. It manifests itself in
a conversational style that can be used to initiate a dialog-like
interaction with the user.
[0823] A mechanism used to collect ratings explicitly from users is
an analog responder mechanism that enables the user to make a
choice among a one-dimensional spectrum of inputs ranging from
unfavorable to favorable. The spectrum of choices can be continuous
or discrete (in which case the analog nature of the response is
approximated). The analog responder mechanism can be enabled in
hardware or software. In any case, the analog responder mechanism
is made readily available to the user when needed and can register
a rating with a single input action from the user. Section 11.A.2,
Analog responder, provides a detailed description of this
mechanism.
[0824] 8.F.2 Implicit methods: An alternative method of acquiring
ratings is by implicitly gathering information about user behaviors
with regard to content and automatically assigning ratings on the
basis of the behaviors. For example, the degree to which a user
interacts with a given content item (either in terms of duration,
or breadth and depth of exploration) can be collected and used to
assign a rating (i.e., the greater the interaction the more
favorable the rating).
[0825] 8.F.3 Forgeffulness: Ratings of specific and prototypical
content, whether obtained from explicit or implicit methods,
provide information about each user's likes and dislikes in an
ongoing way. Over time, ratings will tend to narrow the scope of
content a given user sees by increasingly biasing the selection of
content toward what the user is known to like. This tuning is
desirable, and it adapts well to changes in a user's taste in the
favorable to unfavorable direction. However, it is also desirable
for the system to be able to adapt to changes that are in the
unfavorable to favorable direction. To accomplish this, the system
incorporates a forgetting mechanism. Ratings lose their strength
with time. The longer the interval since a rating was collected the
lower its influence over content selection will be.
[0826] 8.F.4 Contextually situated ratings: Context can be a major
factor in the utility or desirability of content. For example, an
offer for a free cup of coffee may be very welcome and useful on
the way to work in the morning, but not late at night at home. To
account for the impact of context on preference, ratings are
collected with time and location associations. Thus, a user's
preferences relate to both the characteristics of the content and
the context in which it is used.
[0827] 8.F.5 Ratings of people: People are represented in the
system as content items. Users can rate these "people" content
items. In doing so, users establish relationship links that enable
the ratings that other users give to content items to influence
their own content selection and scheduling. See section 3.I,
Relationship network, and 6.B.3, Relationship influence, for
further details.
[0828] 8.F.6 Rating summary points:
[0829] a. A user's profile is represented as a set of preference
ratings to content items.
[0830] b. Ratings help to tune content selection and
scheduling.
[0831] c. Ratings may be acquired through explicit (user specified)
or implicit (behaviorally derived) methods.
[0832] d. Users can input ratings using a responder mechanism that
includes a spectrum of value choices (either in analog or discrete
form).
[0833] e. The influence of ratings dissipates with time.
[0834] f. Ratings are associated with the context in which they are
acquired.
[0835] g. People (represented by content items) can be rated. These
ratings are applied to broaden the content selection and scheduling
process.
[0836] 8.G. Inquisitiveness: Inquisitiveness in the form of a
content item that embeds a question that is rated was discussed
briefly above. However, the mechanisms and techniques of
inquisitiveness have broader application and are discussed in
greater detail here. In accordance with the preferred
implementation of the present invention, location-aware wireless
communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 are systems which
initialize and configure themselves through highly anthropomorphic
dialogs between appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 and the
corresponding users. In this manner, appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and
D5 can generally be considered "plug and play" in their ease of use
during the initialization and configuration operations. The
following is a discussion of an exemplary or illustrative dialog
between appliance D1 and the user during the initialization and
configuration.
[0837] As discussed briefly above, the user may also be "profiled"
by network 11 through direct interaction, preferably through highly
anthropomorphic dialogs between network 11 acting through the
particular location-aware wireless communication appliance D1 and
the user. In other words, the dialog will appear to the user to be
a dialog with a human. In order to enhance this illusion network 11
may assign a name, identity, communication style, and even a
personality type to the dialog. In accordance with the preferred
embodiment of the present invention, network 11 includes a number
of software agents that operate to initiate a dialog or interleave
a series of questions which are utilized by network 11 to gather
certain types of information about each particular user. Such
dialog or series of questions will be referred to herein as
"inquisitiveness." The information may include biographical data,
which relates only to a particular user; demographic data, which
may, in aggregation, provide generally useful information to
network 11; and preferences data, which provides very particular
information about each user, but which may also be aggregated in
order to provide high-level information which may be useful to
network 11.
[0838] In accordance with the preferred implementation of the
present invention, this inquisitiveness takes the form of a highly
human dialog between one or more particular software agents running
on network 11 and the particular user. The series of questions or
dialogs may be interleaved or dispersed among or between other
types of communications and/or digital content. In other words,
there is no requirement that the user be subjected to an experience
similar to responding to a written questionnaire or responding to
an interrogation. In sharp contrast, in accordance with the
preferred implementation of the present invention, the questions
may be spaced out over a relatively long time interval, for
example, many months, and presented in a manner which is not
offensive, burdensome, or taxing to the user; but which instead may
take the form of interesting dialogs or exchanges between network
11 and the user. The inquisitiveness experience may become even
more interesting and rewarding to the user when an identity and/or
personality is assigned to the inquisitiveness software agents
operating to obtain the information. Also, in accordance with the
preferred embodiment, there is no requirement that the information
be gathered in any particular order; therefore, each user may have
a unique experience in terms of dealing with or responding to an
inquisitive questioning or dialog initiated by the software agents
operating in network 11. Over relatively long time intervals,
however, the same types of information can be amassed for each
particular user.
[0839] FIG. 1E is a simplified table representation of some types
of basic information that can be aggregated or assembled for a
particular user. In FIG. 1E, three broad categories of data are
shown: biographical data 151, demographic data 153, and preferences
data 155. For each broad category 151, 153, and 155, three columns
of exemplary data are illustrated: a data element column 157, a
confidence column 159, and a correlation column 161. Data element
column 157 contains particular data elements. Confidence column 159
contains either a quantitative or qualitative determination by the
software agent of a confidence level in the accuracy of the data
element. Correlation column 161 contains either a quantitative or
qualitative record of an internal cohesiveness or coherence of the
data element as determined through dialogs or inquiries
specifically utilized to uncover inconsistencies or incongruities
in the data elements.
[0840] Broad categories 151, 153, and 155 may each have
subcategories. For example, biographic data category 151 may
include the following subcategories: name subcategory 163, gender
subcategory 165, age subcategory 167, and ethnic background
subcategory 169. As is shown, data element column 157 contains the
data element "Sue" in name subcategory 163, the data element
"female" in gender subcategory 165, the data element "13" in age
subcategory 167, and the data element "Chinese-American" in ethnic
background subcategory 169. In this example, confidence column 159
includes a qualitative confidence determination of the accuracy of
the data elements. As is shown, confidence column 159 contains the
qualitative determination of "High" for the data element "Sue" in
name subcategory 163 and for the data element "female" in gender
subcategory 165; but only the qualitative determination of "Medium"
for the data element "13" in age subcategory 167 and for the data
element "Chinese America" in ethnic background subcategory 169.
Thus, at the time of the example illustrated in FIG. 1E, network 11
has high confidence in the name and gender information, but only
medium confidence in the age and ethnic background information. In
this example, correlation column 161 includes a qualitative
determination of the relative correlation of the data elements. As
is shown, correlation column 161 contains the qualitative
determination of "Yes" for the data element "Sue" in name
subcategory 163, for the data element "female" in gender
subcategory 165, and for the data element "13" in age subcategory
167; but the qualitative determination of "No" for the data element
"Chinese American" in ethnic background subcategory 169. Thus,
correlation column 161 indicates that the name, gender, and age
data has been correlated through different queries and that they
are coherent or cohesive; but that the ethnic background data has
not been correlated, resulting in some uncertainty as to this data
element. In practical terms, this type of determination is
consistent with someone having a dual ethnicity, such as a
"Chinese-American."
[0841] Continuing with the example of FIG. 1E, demographic data
category 153 may include the following subcategories: culture
subcategory 171, region subcategory 173, and likely family income
subcategory 175. As is shown, data element column 157 contains the
data element "American" in culture subcategory 171, the data
element "East Coast" in region subcategory 173, the data element
"High" in likely family income subcategory 175. In this example,
confidence column 159 contains the qualitative determination of
"High" for only the data element "East Coast" in region subcategory
173; but only the qualitative determination of "Low" for the data
element "American" in culture subcategory 171 and for the data
element "High" in likely family income subcategory 175. Thus, at
the time of the example illustrated in FIG. 1E, network 11 has high
confidence in the region information, but only low confidence in
the culture and likely family income information. As is shown,
correlation column 161 contains the qualitative determination of
"Yes" for the data element "East Coast" in region subcategory 173;
but the qualitative determination of "No" for the data element
"American" in culture subcategory 169 and for the data element
"High" in likely family income subcategory 175. Thus, correlation
column 161 indicates that the region data has been correlated
through different queries and that it is coherent or cohesive; but
that the culture and likely family income data have not been
correlated, resulting in some uncertainty as to these data
elements.
[0842] Preferences data category 155 may contain information on the
particular likes, dislikes, and preferences for a particular user.
In the example of FIG. 1E, preferences data category 155 may
include the following subcategories: action movies subcategory 177,
hip-hop music subcategory 179, and clothing from The Gap
subcategory 181. As is shown, data element column 157 contains the
data element "High Interest" in action movies subcategory 177, the
data element "Low Interest" in hip-hop music subcategory 179, the
data element "High Interest" in clothing from The Gap subcategory
181. In this example, confidence column 159 contains the
qualitative determination of "High" for the data element "High
Interest" in action movies subcategory 177 and for the data element
"High Interest" in clothing from The Gap subcategory; but only the
qualitative determination of "Low" for the data element "Low
Interest" in hip-hop music subcategory 179. Further, correlation
column 161 contains the qualitative determination of "Yes" for the
data element "High Interest" in clothing from The Gap subcategory
181; but the qualitative determination of "No" for the data element
"High Interest" in action movies subcategory 177 and for the data
element "Low Interest" in hip-hop music subcategory 179. Thus, in
the example of FIG. 1E, the user has a "high interest" in action
movies, and this information has been accorded a "high" confidence
level, but which has not been correlated through other queries or
interaction. Additionally, the user has a "low interest" in hip-hop
music, but this information has been accorded a "low" confidence
level, and there has been no correlation through other queries or
interaction. Additionally, this particular user has a "high
interest" in clothing from The Gap, with a high confidence level
for this data, and verification of the information through
correlation with other queries or other interaction.
[0843] As is evident from the example of FIG. 1E, a great deal of
information can be gathered relating to a particular user. In
practice, there may be thousands of data elements which are
determined over a relatively long interval of time through
repeated, interesting, highly-conversational, and anthropomorphic
interaction between network 11, operating through location-aware
wireless communication appliance D1 and the user. In this manner,
the user can be modeled quite accurately and extensively. This
modeling information can be very useful to a service provider for
network 11, and for any affiliated entities. Such entities may
include non-profit community entities, but may also include
for-profit enterprises which provide goods or services to the users
of network 11. Having a great deal of highly-accurate, detailed
information, relating to the user's schedule--location, personal
information, demographic information, and particular preferences
can be highly advantageous for tightly focused, narrowcasted
advertisements or solicitations. This type of focused advertising
has been determined by experts to be extremely effective. However,
the goals of the present invention are not entirely commercial.
[0844] This type of information is also useful in allowing
adolescents to identify others with similar or different
backgrounds, habits, likes, dislikes, and other preferences. This
is useful in establishing a network of friends and acquaintances,
and is especially useful in building "community" through the
network established utilizing the location-aware wireless
communication appliances D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. For adolescents,
there is generally high interest in such community activities.
[0845] 8.H. Prioritized Interrupts: Referring now to FIG. 3B in the
drawings, a block diagram representation of the preferred operating
system for the appliance of the present invention is illustrated.
As is shown, a graphics controller 1551 serves to manage the
digital content displayed on display screen 1537. A thumbboard
controller 1553 is dedicated for controlling the operation of
thumbboard 1527. An analog responder controller 1554 is dedicated
for controlling the operation of analog responder 1528. A GPS stack
1555 is associated with GPS module 1507 which transmits and
receives GPS data and information from GPS antenna 1505. A TCP/IP
stack 1557 is associated with CDPD modem 1509 which transmits and
receives CDPD data through CDPD antenna 1507. A video application
program interface (API) 1561 is associated with a video device
driver 1559 which is communicatively coupled with graphics
controller 1551. A thumbboard API 1565 is associated with a
thumbboard device driver 1563 which is communicatively coupled with
thumbboard controller 1553. An analog responder API 1564 is
associated with an analog responder device driver 1566 which is
communicatively coupled with analog responder controller 1554. A
GPS API 1569 is associated with a GPS communication device driver
1567 which is communicatively connected via a serial input/output
port to GPS stack 1555. A CDPD API 1573 is associated with a CDPD
communication device driver 1571 which is communicatively coupled
via serial input/output to TCP/IP stack 1557. API's 1561, 1565,
1569, and 1573 are communicatively coupled to an operating system
1575. Joysticks 1530, sound controller 1549, and additional input
elements 1529 may be associated with comparable API's and device
drivers.
[0846] Operating system 1575 is preferably a conventional operating
system, such as ThreadX available from Express Logic, Inc., which
has been ported to function with CPU 1501, and which has been
customized to function on network 11. A conventional file system
1576, preferably FileX available from Digital Filing Solutions,
Inc., operates in conjunction with operating system 1575 and
manages data and files on appliance 1500. In accordance with the
preferred implementation of the present invention, a Flash
rendering engine 1577 is communicatively coupled to operating
system 1575 and file system 1576. It is preferred that the dynamic
user interface (DUI) is predominantly a series of Flash movies,
graphics, or animations which are rendered or displayed on display
screen 1537 and adapted to provide information to the user in the
form of messages or other communications, and to receive input from
the user from either thumbboard 1527, analog responder 1528,
joysticks 1530, or additional input elements 1529. As is shown, an
application scheduling module 1579 is provided for application
scheduling and user input control. A plurality of applications,
such as application 1581 and application 1583, may be running
simultaneously on appliance 1500. Application scheduling module
1579 manages applications 1581 and 1583 by allocating system
resources so that network 11 and appliance 1500 function properly
and efficiently. A scripting API 1585 may also be provided in
communication with application scheduling module 1579. Scripting
API 1585 manages and controls a plurality of custom applications,
such as custom application 1587 and custom application 1589.
[0847] MESSAGING CENTRIC NETWORK SYSTEM WITH LOW LATENCY: In
accordance with the preferred implementation of the present
invention, messaging functions are accorded a primary status within
the network and device operation. Accordingly, interrupts within
the device which are associated with external communication are
given a priority of operation over other applications which are
running locally within any particular location-aware wireless
communication appliance. This results in a low latency in
communication.
[0848] 8.I. Suspend/resume of awareness subscriptions
9. Refresh
[0849] 9.A. Awareness hidden subscription model.
[0850] 9.B. Things grabbed from stream are auto-subscribed.
10. Network
[0851] 10.A. Packet data: The present invention preferably utilizes
a CDPD protocol for the communication of digital content. However,
it should be understood that network 11 may be adapted to utilize
other communication protocols, such as the 3rd Generation (3G)
protocol supported by the consortium led by AT&T and Ericson,
other protocols supported by other wireless communication
consortia, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General
Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and/or other global standards.
[0852] CDPD:
[0853] GPRS:
[0854] 10.B. Gateways: In accordance with the preferred
implementation of the present invention, one or more modes of
communication which are possible utilizing network 11 and
appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, or 361 may be integrated with
the e-mail and/or instant messaging functions of either or both of
AMERICA ONLINE, ICQ, and/or MSN and others.
11. Device
[0855] 11.A. Hardware
[0856] 11.A.1. Physical configuration: Until now, handheld,
wireless devices have primarily been used for person-to-person
communication by voice, transmitting and receiving voice data in
real-time. These "mobile phone" devices have allowed users to go
wherever they like and still be in touch with their friends and
colleagues just as though they were using a wired phone at home or
work. Communication by textual means, such as e-mail, has been
performed almost exclusively over land-based copper and fiber optic
phone lines because the wireless communication networks have simply
not had the capacity or capability to provide cost effective,
wireless transmission of textual data. But recent advancements in
wireless technology have made it possible to provide cost-effective
data transfer over existing wireless networks.
[0857] The most common means of textual communication has been
e-mail, but a relatively new form of messaging called "instant
messaging" (IM) has caught on and has grown very rapidly in
popularity in the last several years. Unlike e-mail which sits in
an electronic mailbox until the user retrieves his or her e-mail
messages, IM occurs nearly instantaneously, producing a
notification and a dialog box on a user's screen alerting the user
that the user has an incoming message. In addition, users have the
ability to know if the recipient is on-line and available to
receive am IM message.
[0858] Many handheld, wireless devices are beginning to provide
access to e-mail, but their functionality is currently very
limited. The user is usually limited to browsing, that is receiving
and reviewing the information, not authoring and sending data. Much
like retrieving voice messages from a voice mailbox, the user is
only able to retrieve e-mail messages from their e-mail in-box. The
primary reason is that authoring messages requires a convenient
method of alphanumeric data entry. Users are hesitant or reluctant
to enter a message if the data entry process is slow and difficult.
This is a problem that conventional devices cannot properly address
due to user interface limitations, i.e., the capabilities, design,
and layout of the physical devices. While e-mail may require entry
of a moderate length message in response to a received message,
such data entry usually happens at a time the user deems
appropriate and convenient, not at a time dictated by the sender of
the message. This is very much like the user being able to
periodically check voice messages in a voice mailbox, and respond
at the user's convenience.
[0859] IM, however, is more real-time and intrusive than e-mail,
the same way that an incoming phone call is more real-time and
intrusive than checking voice messages. IM is a much more
frequently accessed and used system than an e-mail client;
therefore, IM requires a network and appliance that are much more
convenient to use than an e-mail client. Such a level of
convenience has been possible with wired connections and desktop
computers. With traditional desktop computers, the computer is
placed on or near the work surface and the display and keyboard are
easily accessible. The user can immediately see incoming IM
messages presented on the display, then respond to the IM messages
using the keyboard. The user does not have to remove a device from
the user's belt clip or pocket and open the device to see the IM
message. Neither does the user have to then locate a work surface
for support and connect a peripheral keyboard in order to compose a
response.
[0860] To be convenient for IM, a device must be able to support
effortless reading of incoming IM messages and rapid entry of
responses. Such support minimizes the inconvenience of the
intrusion of the IM message. The device should allow a minimum
amount of effort to perform the tasks involved when using IM. An
ideal IM device requires the following unique and distinct
features:
[0861] 1. A display that is always visible. If, for example, the
device must transition from a closed state (maximum portability) to
an open state (maximum usability), the display should be visible in
each state. Users are very intolerant of a device that must be
opened and closed each and every time am IM message or notification
occurs. Ideally, the display should be large enough and have the
capabilities to display both textual and graphical information,
allowing for a rich presentation of information;
[0862] 2. A data entry means that is large enough for human hands
and that is designed for rapid entry of moderate length
alphanumeric messages;
[0863] 3. An overall size which allows the device to be operated,
ideally, with one or two hands, and which makes the device
convenient for portable use; and
[0864] 4. A design that allows the user to quickly interact and
perform minimal responses to incoming IM messages, even if the
device is in a closed state.
[0865] In order to be appropriate for mobile use, the device should
be small and convenient to carry and use. For this reason, the
features listed above are typically mutually exclusive. There are a
variety of devices available that are capable of providing wireless
access to textual information, such as mobile phones, PDA's,
handheld computers, and two-way pagers, but the compromises in all
of their designs limit their suitability as IM devices. For some of
these devices, the displays are always visible and easy to see, but
the device lacks an input device, has a small and inappropriate
input device, has a slow and error prone method of data entry, or
requires additional peripheral devices and a work surface for
support. For other devices, a suitable input device is present, but
the device transforms between multiple states which prevent the
display from being seen in one of the states, limiting the
convenience of using the device on a frequent basis.
[0866] Conventional wireless communication devices can be
categorized into several distinct configurations:
[0867] 1. Mobile phones, commonly known as "cellular phones;"
[0868] 2. Personal digital assistants, commonly referred to as
PDA's;
[0869] 3. Handheld computers, commonly referred to as palmtop
computers; and
[0870] 4. Two-way pagers.
[0871] The configuration of a mobile phone typically consists
of:
[0872] 1. A small display that is always visible;
[0873] 2. A keypad for numeric data entry; and
[0874] 3. An internal communication module that can transmit and
receive analog and/or digitized voice data.
[0875] The mobile phone configuration has the following
disadvantages:
[0876] 1. The display is typically very small and inappropriate for
display of large amounts of textual data. They are typically
proportioned for one or two rows of phone numbers and proper names,
not textual data in the structure of a written sentence;
[0877] 2. The keypad is commonly located adjacent to the display,
increasing the overall size of the unit;
[0878] 3. On some units, the device has a clamshell design that
obscures both the keypad and display when closed;
[0879] 4. The keypad is typically a twelve-digit keypad designed
for numeric data entry, although the keyboard usually supports
alphanumeric character entry for the purpose of entering proper
names into an address book maintained in the phone's memory. The
commonly used method of accessing alphanumeric characters is to
switch the device into a text entry mode, then press a key
repeatedly to access a particular one of a subset of characters
available for each key. This method is extremely slow, awkward,
error prone, and is not appropriate for a device intended to
transfer textual data on a regular basis; and
[0880] 5. The communication module is typically engineered to
support voice communication, and in only the latest device
versions, limited retrieval of alphanumeric data.
[0881] The configuration of a PDA typically consists of:
[0882] 1. A large display that is always visible;
[0883] 2. A touch screen and stylus for data entry;
[0884] 3. No keyboard for data entry; and
[0885] 4. No internal communication module.
[0886] The PDA configuration has the following disadvantages:
[0887] 1. The device has no keyboard, so alphanumeric data entry is
usually performed in one of two ways: (a) the user taps with a
handheld stylus on a "soft" keyboard that is drawn on the display,
or (b) the user writes on screen with a handheld stylus and the
processor converts the user's writing into text data;
[0888] 2. An optional detachable keyboard may be available, but the
keyboard usually requires a flat surface for support during use as
it is tethered to the device by a cable or attaches in such a way
that it will easily become detached if tilted. This makes the
keyboard extremely awkward for use in one hand while on the move;
and
[0889] 5. The device lacks a communication module. Modules may
sometimes be added, but at the expense of consuming the port
available for connecting the optional keyboard to.
[0890] The configuration of a palmtop computer typically consists
of:
[0891] 1. A large display screen;
[0892] 2. A complete keyboard;
[0893] 3. A clamshell design where the display closes over the
keyboard, or a flat layout where the display is located adjacent to
the display; and
[0894] 4. No internal communication module.
[0895] The palmtop configuration has the following
disadvantages:
[0896] 1. The clamshell design renders the display non-visible when
the device is closed. The clamshell design affords protection to
the display and keyboard when the device is closed, but is not
adequate for frequent presentation of information to a user on the
move; and
[0897] 2. The relatively large size makes the device prohibitive
for use as an IM device. When a large display and keyboard are
present, the device becomes inconvenient for the user to carry on a
regular basis. When the device dimensions are reduced to yield a
more convenient size, the usability of the display and keyboard are
greatly reduced.
[0898] The configuration of a two-way pager typically consists
of:
[0899] 1. A small display screen;
[0900] 2. A small, complete keyboard; and
[0901] 3. A flat layout where the keyboard is located adjacent to
the display, or clamshell design where the display folds over the
keyboard when closed.
[0902] The two-way pager configuration has the following
disadvantages:
[0903] 1. Units with a flat layout have displays that are always
visible, but to keep the overall device size down, the display and
keyboard are reduced to minuscule dimensions which greatly reduces
their usability; and
[0904] 2. Units with a clamshell design, render the display
non-visible when the unit is closed, adding inconvenience when the
user must look at the display.
[0905] The distinction between each category of devices is blurring
daily, but a trend is very evident in all the previously mentioned
devices. The devices are either:
[0906] 1. Designed primarily for voice communication and have
limited alphanumeric entry capability, or a capability that is not
suited to use in your hands while on the move; or
[0907] 2. Designed primarily for occasional retrieval and display
of textual information and have a design that is very inconvenient
for frequent input and viewing of data while on the move.
[0908] The present invention is a new and improved configuration of
a handheld, wireless communication device that overcomes the
limitations of current handheld, electronic devices that serve or
can be adapted to the purpose of bi-directional, wireless
communication of textual information. The appliance of the present
invention is a small, electronic device that can be held and
operated with one or two hands, in a convenient and comfortable
manner under usage conditions typically encountered with a mobile
phone device. In addition, the appliance is configured such that it
can be held and minimally operated in one hand. The appliance has a
display screen, preferably color, capable of displaying textual and
graphical information, and an input device that allows rapid and
comfortable entry of alphanumeric data. The display may be
protected by a cover made of either a rigid or flaccid material to
afford protection from damage. The cover may be of a material such
as a clear plastic or rubber that allows the display to remain
visible even when covered. The appliance transitions between at
least two states, each of which allows viewing of presented data,
and acknowledgement of and response to received messages.
[0909] One device state maintains a small footprint, whereby the
device consumes a minimal amount of volume and affords a greater
level of portability and concealment, hereafter called the "closed"
state. A second device state affords a more efficient level of
alphanumeric data entry, hereafter called the "open" state. The
device can transition from the open state to the closed state
easily and with a minimum of effort, preferably with one hand. In
the preferred embodiment, the appliance's display remains visible
in either state, allowing the user to observe incoming messages
without having to manipulate the device to transition it from one
state to another, such as from closed to open.
[0910] The appliance of the present invention comprises at least
the following components:
[0911] 1. An alphanumeric input device, such as a keyboard or
thumbboard;
[0912] 2. A display device, such as an LCD, LED, or LEP display
screen;
[0913] 3. A processor;
[0914] 4. A power source, such as a battery or mechanical generator
like a wind-up spring mechanism;
[0915] 5. A wireless communication module, such as a CDPD, CDMA, or
GSM modem; and
[0916] 6. A body consisting of at least two distinct parts--one
containing the display device and one containing the input device,
the remaining required components may be located in either or both
of these two parts.
[0917] In a first device configuration:
[0918] 1. The display remains visible when the device is in either
the open or closed state;
[0919] 2. In the closed state, the display remains visible, but
obscures the input device;
[0920] 3. The display is movable such that it reveals the input
device obscured below the display when the device is transitioned
from the closed state to the open state; and
[0921] 4. When transitioning from the closed state to the open
state, the display moves in one or a combination of a sliding,
hinging, or pivoting movements as illustrated in a very broad sense
in FIGS. 2A-2G. In FIGS. 2A-2C, an always visible display 501
translates relative to a body portion 503 to reveal an input device
505. In FIGS. 2D-2G, an always display 507 pivots relative to a
body portion 509 to reveal an input device 511.
[0922] In a second configuration:
[0923] 1. The display remains visible when the device is in either
the open or closed state;
[0924] 2. In the closed state, the display remains visible, but
obscures the input device;
[0925] 3. The input device is movable such that it is revealed from
below the display when the device is transitioned from the closed
state to the open state; and
[0926] 4. When transitioning from the closed state to the open
state, the input device moves in one or a combination of a sliding,
hinging, or pivoting movements as illustrated in a broad sense in
FIGS. 2H-2J. In FIGS. 2H-2I, an input device 513 translates into a
body portion 515 which carries an always visible display 517.
[0927] The preferred configuration of an appliance 601 according to
the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2K-2P. FIG. 2K is a
front view; FIG. 2L is a rear view; FIG. 2M is a right side view;
FIG. 2N is a bottom view; FIG. 2O is another front view; and FIG.
2P is another rear view of appliance 601. In FIGS. 2K-2N, appliance
601 is shown in the closed state in which an always visible display
portion 603 conceals a novel QWERTY thumbboard 605 that is carried
by a body portion 607. In FIGS. 2O and 2P, appliance 601 is shown
in an open state in which display portion 603 has been translated
relative to body portion 607 to reveal thumbboard 605. As is best
seen in FIG. 2P, display portion 603 may include a plurality of
rigid support rails 611 that telescope into body portion 607 to
provide additional support of display portion 603 while appliance
601 is in the open state. It should be understood that other
support means, such as interlocking grooves on display portion 603
and body portion 607 may also be used to provide additional support
for display portion 603. Display portion 603 is dimensioned to
house a plurality of components (not shown). Such components may or
may not be directly related to the display of images, such as a GPS
antenna and integrated circuit boards. Likewise, body portion 607
is dimensioned to house a plurality of electronic components and
systems and necessary integrated circuit boards, such as the
microprocessor (not shown) and cache memory 392, 394, and 396 (see
FIG. 1K).
[0928] Display portion 603 includes a display screen 615. Display
screen 615 is preferably a high-resolution, 16-bit color,
reflective LCD screen being 320.times.240 pixels having a diagonal
display area of about 3.8 inches. It should be understood that
other comparable display screens may be used. Although always
visible, display screen 615 will cycle down to a "power save" mode
during periods of non-use to conserve power. A cover or shade (not
shown) may be utilized to protect display screen 615 from damage,
to enhance visibility, to prevent glare, or to alleviate or
minimize other common problems associated with such display
screens. In the preferred embodiment, display screen 615 is covered
by a protective bezel (not shown).
[0929] Appliance 601 is powered by a portable power supply (not
shown), such as batteries. In this regard, a power supply cover 613
is provided to cover and protect the portable power supply. In the
preferred embodiment, the portable power supply is rechargeable by
placing appliance 601 in a docking station or charging station (not
shown). Although appliance 601 operates on DC current, appliance
601 may be plugged into and powered by a conventional 110-Volt wall
outlet (not shown) with the use of a conventionally functioning AC
to DC power transformer (not shown).
[0930] A plurality of push pads 617 are located at selected
locations on display portion 603. Push pads 617 are preferably
located such that the user may translate display portion 603
relative to body portion 607 by pushing on push pads 617 with his
thumb or thumbs. In the preferred embodiment, display portion 603
is preferably made of rigid, molded plastic or similar material.
Body portion 607 is preferably made of a similar material. As has
become popular in recent years, display portion 603 and/or body
portion 607 may be partially transparent or translucent, having a
colored tint. A plurality of protective bumpers 619, preferably
made of rubber or rubberized plastic, are coupled to display
portion 603 and body portion 607 at selected locations. A plurality
of raised grips 621 may be integrated into protective bumpers 619
to facilitate handling of and interaction with appliance 601.
Appliance 601 may be of modular construction so that a plurality of
the external components may be quickly and easily interchanged.
Such interchangeability allows the user to choose from a wide
variety of exterior styles and designs, thereby customizing
appliance 601 to the user's particular tastes. In this manner, the
appearance of appliance 601 can be modified to suit the user's ever
changing moods and attitudes.
[0931] Appliance 601 includes a plurality of input/output devices,
such as LED's 623, at least one speaker 625, a plurality of
joysticks 627, conductive power terminals 629 for attachment to the
docking station, an infrared (IR) port 631 for the transfer of
data, a DC adapter port 633 for attachment of the power
transformer, a headphone jack 635 for use with headphone speakers,
an on-off switch 637 for toggling appliance between an "on" state,
an "off" state, and/or a "standby" state, as further explained
herein, and an analog responder 639. Analog responder 639 will be
discussed in considerable detail below. It will be appreciated that
LED's 623, joysticks 627, and on-off switch 637 may be
multi-functional. For instance, LED's 623 are preferably
full-spectrum color LED's that can be selectively programmed by the
user to display selected colors at selected intensities and/or
selected flash frequencies in response to certain conditions. LED's
623 are particularly useful when display screen 615 has cycled down
into the power save mode. This allows the user to interact with
appliance 601 without transitioning appliance into the open state.
By using only LED's 623, speaker 625, joysticks 627, IR port 631,
and analog responder 639, a user can perform a considerable amount
of input/output without transitioning appliance 601 into the open
state.
[0932] Analog responder 639 is a one-dimensional, electronic touch
pad disposed within appliance 601. Analog responder 639 is
activated by the user touching selected areas of appliance 601.
Preferably, analog responder 639 is disposed within and centrally
located along a lower edge of body portion 607 closest to the user.
Such location allows analog responder 639 to be usable when
appliance 601 is either in the closed state or the open state,
i.e., when display portion 603 is translated relative to body
portion 607. It is preferred that analog responder 639 be adjacent
or in close proximity to display screen 615, because analog
responder 639 functions primarily to manipulate a cursor or
graphical images being displayed on display screen 615. The
one-dimensional functional boundaries of analog responder 639 are
preferably indicated by raised end ridges 641 or similar visual
indicia. For example, one boundary may be indicated by a "-" sign
and the opposing end boundary may be indicated by a "+" sign. Such
indicia are particularly useful because a primary function of
analog responder 639 is to allow the user to selectively input a
response to a query from an analog range of possible responses.
Using the current example, the end boundary indicated by the "-"
might represent a negative response by the user to a query, such as
"I do not like pizza;" whereas the end boundary indicated by the
"+" might represent a positive response by the user to the same
query, such as "I love pizza." In a similar fashion, analog
responder 639 is visually segmented, preferably by raised
intermediate ridges 643, or similar visual indicia placed
incrementally along the length of analog responder 639 between end
ridges 641. In the preferred embodiment, intermediate ridges 643
are more pronounced at the center 645 of analog responder 639 and
decrease in size or shape, if applicable, toward end ridges 641.
This allows the user to quickly determine which portion of analog
responder 639 the user is touching, tapping, or depressing.
[0933] Analog responder 639 may be programmed for response in
either an "absolute" mode or a "relative" mode. In absolute mode,
locations along the length of analog responder 639 are directly
mapped to locations on display screen 615. For example, if the user
touches the analog responder at right end ridge 641, the cursor or
movable graphical image being displayed on display screen 615 would
appear at the rightmost portion of display screen 615. On the other
hand, in relative mode, locations along the length of analog
responder 639 are not mapped directly to any specific location on
display screen; rather, movements along analog responder 639 are
programmed to provide programmed movement of a cursor or graphical
image relative to the current location of the cursor or graphical
image on display screen 615. For example, if the user drags her
finger along the length of analog responder 639 from the right to
the left, the cursor or graphical image being displayed on display
screen 615 will respond by a moving from the right to the left.
Absolute and relative mapping of analog responder 639 will be
discussed in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 5A-5G.
[0934] Referring now to FIGS. 2Q-2S in the drawings, an alternate
embodiment of the appliance of the present invention is
illustrated. FIG. 2Q is a front view; FIG. 2R is a rear view; and
FIG. 2S is a right side view of appliance 701. As with appliance
601, appliance 701 has an always visible display portion 703 and a
body portion 707. Display portion 703 carries a display screen 715,
similar in form and function to display screen 615. Display portion
703 translates relative to body portion 707 to reveal a QWERTY
thumbboard (not shown) which is similar in form and function as
thumbboard 605. As is shown, appliance 701 includes similar
input/output ports and devices as appliance 601, such as LED's 723,
at least one speaker 725, a plurality of joysticks 727, and an
analog responder 739. In addition, appliance 701 includes a
conventional two-dimensional touch pad 729 on the backside of
appliance 701. Touch pad 729 is located such that it can be
utilized by the user while appliance 701 is in either the closed
state or the open state. Touch pad 729 may be programmed to map to
display screen 715 in either an absolute mode or a relative
mode.
[0935] CLAM-SHELL HOUSING: Referring now to FIGS. 2T-2V in the
drawings, another alternate embodiment of the appliance of the
present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, an appliance
801 has a clam-shell design. FIG. 2T is a front view; FIG. 2U is a
right side view; and FIG. 2V is another front view of appliance
801. As with previously discussed embodiments, appliance 801 has an
always visible display portion 803 and a body portion 807 which
carries a novel QWERTY thumbboard 805. In this embodiment, a screen
display 815 on display portion 803 thumbboard 805 both face outward
and are on opposite sides of body portion 807 when appliance 801 is
in the closed state. As appliance 801 transitions to the open
state, display portion 803 hingedly pivots relative to body portion
807 as indicated by arrow 809 in FIG. 2U. In the open state,
display screen 815 is adjacent to and visible above thumbboard 805.
As is shown, appliance 801 includes similar input/output ports and
devices as appliance 601, such as LED's 823, at least one speaker
825, a plurality of joysticks 827, and an analog responder 839.
[0936] SLIDEABLE KEYBOARD: Referring now to FIGS. 2W-2Z in the
drawings, another alternate embodiment of the appliance of the
present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, an appliance
901 has a telescoping design. FIG. 2W is a front view; FIG. 2X is a
rear view; FIG. 2Y is a right side view; and FIG. 2Z is another
front view of appliance 901. As with previously discussed
embodiments, appliance 901 has an always visible display screen
915. Display screen 915 is carried by a body portion 907 into which
a novel, two-piece QWERTY thumbboard 905a and 905b telescopes into
from opposing sides of body portion 907. As is shown, appliance 901
includes similar input/output ports and devices as appliance 601,
such as LED's 923, at least one speaker 925, a plurality of
joysticks 927, and an analog responder 939. Joysticks 923 are
carried on each piece of thumbboard 905a and 905b.
[0937] Preferred Internal Device Hardware:
[0938] THE IDEAL DEVICE: A preferred "ideal" device may include a
variety of additional conventional functions and features. These
additional functions and features, include interchangeable
components, personal information management (PIM) functionality,
and synchronization capabilities with other personal computing
devices and desktop PC's. These additional features and
functionality are limited only by the appliance's physical size,
the appliance's available memory, the capacity of network 11, the
bandwidth of network 11, and the cost of airtime.
[0939] THE INTERMEDIATE DEVICE: The preferred "intermediate device
includes a combination of components, features, and functionality
from both the "ideal" device and the "low-cost" device.
[0940] THE LOW-COST DEVICE: Referring now to FIG. 3A in the
drawings, a block diagram representation of a preferred "low-cost"
version of a location-aware wireless communication appliance 1500
of the present invention is illustrated. As is shown, a central
processing unit (CPU) 1501 is provided for executing programs in
the form of executable program instructions and data. In practice,
CPU 1501 may include several separate processing systems, each
being dedicated to a particular function or functions. CPU 1501 is
preferably a 206-Megahertz microprocessor and chip set available
from Intel Corporation under the model name StrongARM. CPU 1501 has
been customized for operation with appliance 1500 and network
11.
[0941] An input/output system 1503 is provided for transmitting and
receiving GPS and GPRS data and information. More particularly, a
GPS module 1507 is carried within appliance 1500. GPS module 1507
transmits and receives GPS data through a GPS antenna 1505. A GPRS
modem module 1509 is also carried within appliance 1500. GPRS
module transmits and receives GPRS data and information through a
GPRS antenna 1507. Appliance 1500 "knows" its location through
receipt of GPS signals from GPS antenna 1505 after processing by
GPS module 1507. Appliance 1500 receives and transmits
communications to network 11 utilizing a GPRS protocol over GPRS
modem module 1509 and GPRS antenna 1507. An additional means of
communication may be provided in the form of an IR input/output
module 1510. IR input/output module 1510 allows appliance 1500 to
communicate with other electronic devices, such as computers or
other location-aware wireless communication appliances utilizing IR
signals. A power management module 1513 is carried within appliance
1500. Power management module 1513 receives power from portable
power source, such as batteries 1511 or external power supply 1515,
and regulates and supplies power to CPU 1501 and all other
components of appliance 1500. Each of these input-output systems
1507, 1509, 1510, and 1513 is in electrical communication with
central processing unit 1501, preferably serial communication.
[0942] A memory system 1517 is provided which includes RAM 1519,
flash memory 1521, programmable read-only memory (PROM) 1523, and a
hardware identification module which holds a unique serial number
for each appliance 1500. Each of these memory systems 1519, 1521,
1523, and 1524 is in electrical communication with central
processing unit 1501, preferably serial communication. It should be
understood that other types of memory modules may be utilized
depending upon the desired application.
[0943] A user input system 1525 is provided which includes a novel
QWERTY thumbboard 1527, an analog responder 1528, joysticks 1530,
and a plurality of additional input elements 1529. Thumbboard 1527
may be illuminated by a backlight 1531 to allow use in low light
conditions. Thumbboard 1527 may include a touch pad which controls
a graphical pointing device or a separate touch pad may be provided
(see FIG. 2R). Additional input elements 1529 include buttons or
switches that are accessible from the exterior of appliance 1500
and which control basic operations or dedicated functions.
[0944] An output system 1533 is also provided which includes a
vibratory alert module 1535, an always visible display screen 1537
which is driven by a graphics chip 1541, a plurality of additional
display elements 1543, a sound controller 1545, a digital/analog
(D/A) converter 1547, and at least one speaker 1549. Additional
display elements 1543 include LED's, such as multi-functional LED's
623 (see FIG. 2K-2P). Vibratory alert module 1535 allows appliance
1500 to alert the user to some condition, such as the receipt of an
incoming message. Display screen 1537 may be illuminated by a
backlight 1539 to allow use in low light conditions. Graphics chip
1541 is provided to receive and process display information from
CPU 1501 and display the information on display screen 1537.
Additional display elements 1543 are preferably full-spectrum color
LED's that can be selectively programmed by the user to display
selected colors at selected intensities and/or selected flash
frequencies in response to certain conditions, such as the presence
or absence of messages of a particular type. Additional display
elements 1543 are particularly useful when display screen 1537 has
cycled down into the power save mode. Such functionality allows the
user to interact with appliance 1500 without transitioning
appliance 1500 into the open state. Sound controller 1545 is
provided for receiving instructions and data from central
processing unit 1501 and for driving D/A converter 1547 which
energizes speaker 1549. Sound controller 1545, D/A converter 1547,
and speaker 1549 allow device 1500 to generate sounds as an output,
such as music or audio for movies or animations.
[0945] 11.A.2. Analog responder: In accordance with the preferred
embodiment of the present invention, the location-aware wireless
communication appliance may include a novel electronic data input
apparatus. The electronic data input apparatus is so easy and
intuitive to utilize that the user will be encouraged to interact
with network 11 during data gathering operations. Particularly, the
present invention includes an electronic data input apparatus which
facilitates the entry of data or information in response to digital
content, including queries, or series of queries. The user
manipulates the electronic data input apparatus and a corresponding
electrical signal is generated. The electrical signal is processed
and converted into the user's response to the digital content. FIG.
5A is a tabular representation of the preferred embodiment of an
electronic data input apparatus, or analog responder, according to
the present invention and alternate embodiments thereof.
[0946] As is depicted in FIG. 5A, the electronic data input
apparatus according to the present invention may exist in a variety
of forms, or embodiments. In general, each embodiment is
distinguished by a particular type of input element and certain
operational parameters. A table 3001 includes a Type of Input
Element column 3003, a Non-Biasing column 3005, a Starting Position
column 3007, a Needs On-Screen Indicator column 3009, and a
Continuous column 3011. The rows 3013, 3015, 3017, 3019, 3021,
3023, 3025, 3027, 3029, and 3031 set forth the type of input
element and operational parameters for ten exemplary embodiments of
the analog responder, row 3013 representing the preferred
embodiment of a one-dimensional touch pad. Type of Input Element
column 3003 describes the physical characteristics of each of the
different embodiments. Non-Biasing column 3005 indicates whether
the particular embodiment is non-biasing, i.e., whether an initial
default response is presented to the user, with "Yes" meaning that
the embodiment is non-biasing, i.e., that the embodiment does not
require, or performs best without requiring, an initial default
setting or default response; and "No" meaning that the embodiment
is not non-biasing, i.e., that the embodiment does require, or
performs best with, a default setting or default response. Starting
Position column 3007 indicates whether the particular embodiment
requires a predetermined starting position, with "Yes" meaning that
the embodiment does require, or performs best with, a predetermined
starting position; and "No" meaning that the embodiment does not
require, or performs best without, a predetermined starting
position. Needs On-Screen Indicator column 3009 indicates whether
the particular embodiment requires an on-screen indicator to convey
the status of the input element to the user, with "Yes" meaning
that the embodiment does require, or performs best with, an
on-screen indicator; and "No" meaning that the embodiment does not
require, or performs best without, an on-screen indicator.
Continuous column 3011 indicates whether the input element for the
particular embodiment is continuous, i.e., a single button or
graphical element, with "Yes" meaning that the input element is
continuous; and "No" meaning that the input element is not
continuous, i.e., having multiple buttons or separate graphical
elements.
[0947] In table 3001 of FIG. 5A, row 3013 represents the preferred
embodiment of the electronic data input apparatus: a
one-dimensional touch pad. As is shown, the one-dimensional touch
pad is non-biasing, does not require a starting position, needs no
on-screen indicator, and is continuous. A first alternate
embodiment of the input element is set forth in row 3015: an
elongated button. The elongated button is non-biasing, does not
require a starting position, needs no on-screen indicator, and is
continuous. A second alternate embodiment of the input element is
set forth in row 3017: a touch screen with a graphical slider. The
touch screen with a graphical slider is non-biasing, does not
require a starting position, needs an on-screen indicator, and is
continuous. A third alternate embodiment of the input element is
set forth in row 3019: a jog wheel. The jog wheel is not
non-biasing in that an initial neutral response is presented to the
user, has a neutral starting position that is predetermined by
spring biasing, needs an on-screen indicator, and is continuous. A
fourth alternate embodiment of the input element is set forth in
row 3021: a scroll wheel. The scroll wheel is not non-biasing in
that an initial neutral response is presented to the user, does not
require a starting position, needs an on-screen indicator, and is
continuous. A fifth alternate embodiment of the input element is
set forth in row 3023: a thumb wheel. The thumb wheel is not
non-biasing in that an initial neutral response is presented to the
user, does not require a predetermined starting position, needs an
on-screen indicator, and is continuous. A sixth alternate
embodiment of the input element is set forth in row 3025: a linear
sliding knob. The linear sliding knob is not non-biasing in that an
initial response is presented to the user, does require a
predetermined starting position, does not need an on-screen
indicator, and is continuous. A seventh alternate embodiment of the
input element is set forth in row 3027: touch screen with graphical
radio buttons. The touch screen with graphical radio buttons is
non-biasing, does not require a predetermined starting position,
does need an on-screen indicator, and is not continuous in that the
user must choose a single response from a plurality of discreet
responses. An eighth alternate embodiment of the input element is
set forth in row 3029: dedicated buttons on a keyboard. The
dedicated buttons on a keyboard are non-biasing, do not require a
predetermined starting position, do not require an on-screen
indicator, and are not continuous in that the user must choose a
single response from a plurality of discreet responses. A ninth
alternate embodiment of the input element is set forth in row 3031:
two-dimensional touch pad. The two-dimensional touch pad is
non-biasing, does not require a predetermined starting position,
does not require an on-screen indicator, and is continuous.
[0948] Each of these embodiments of the input element will be
discussed in more detail. The preferred embodiment will be
discussed with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G, and the alternate
embodiments will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 7A-7I. All of
the different embodiments of the input element produce an
electrical signal that corresponds to the user's activation of the
input element. The overall function and operation of the electronic
data input system and apparatus is independent of the embodiment of
the input element employed. As such, the overall function and
operation of the electronic data input system and apparatus will be
discussed with respect to the preferred embodiment.
[0949] ONE-DIMENSIONAL TOUCH PAD: The one-dimensional touch pad
embodiment of the input element is the preferred embodiment of the
electronic data input apparatus. The physical characteristics of
the one-dimensional touch pad and the overall function and
operation of the electronic data input system and apparatus are
described with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G. As is shown in the view of
FIG. 6A, a location-aware wireless communication appliance 4001
includes an always visible display portion 4003 and a body portion
4005. Display portion 4003 translates relative to body portion 4005
to reveal a QWERTY thumbboard (not shown, but similar in form and
function to thumbboard 605 in FIG. 2O). A display screen 4007 is
carried by display portion 4003. Display screen 4007 is preferably
a high-resolution, 16-bit color, reflective LCD screen being
320.times.240 pixels and having a diagonal display area of about
3.8 inches. An electronic data input apparatus, also referred to as
an analog responder, 4009 is operably associated with appliance
4001. Analog responder 4009 is identical in form and function to
analog responder 639 discussed above with reference to FIGS. 2K-2P.
Thus, analog responder 4009 has as an input element an elongated
one-dimensional touch pad 4010 which is activated by the user
touching designated areas of appliance 4001. By "one-dimensional,"
it is meant that the elongated touch pad is configured or digitized
to capture only the longitudinal component of any touch input,
regardless of where the user actually makes contact with the touch
pad. Thus, if the user activated one-dimensional touch pad 4010 by
touching in an upper right-hand location, only the longitudinal
component, and not the transverse component, of the input would be
captured and recorded.
[0950] One-dimensional touch pad 4010 may be integral with the
surface material of body portion 4005 or may include a separate
elongated digitized element disposed within body portion 4005. In
the latter situation, the surface material of body portion 4005 is
flexibly configured to allow depression of body portion 4005 and
activation of one-dimensional touch pad 4010. Preferably, analog
responder 4009 is centrally located along a lower edge of body
portion 4005 closest to the user. Such location allows analog
responder 4009 to be usable when appliance 4001 is either in the
closed state or the open state, i.e., when display portion 4003 is
translated relative to body portion 4005. It is preferred that
analog responder 4009 be adjacent or in close proximity to display
screen 4007. However, it should be understood that in certain
personal computing device installations, such as on computer
keyboards (see FIG. 8D) or as a modular add-on accessory (see FIG.
9), it may not be possible to locate analog responder 4009 adjacent
the display screen. Analog responder 4009 functions to capture data
input from the user in response to digital content being displayed
on display screen 4007. In addition to capturing touch inputs from
the user in response to digital content, analog responder 4009 may
manipulate a cursor or graphical images being displayed on display
screen 4007. The one-dimensional functional boundaries of analog
responder 4009 are preferably indicated by raised end ridges 4011
or similar visual indicia. In a similar fashion, analog responder
4009 is visually segmented by raised intermediate ridges 4013 or
similar visual indicia placed incrementally along the length of
analog responder 4009 between end ridges 4011. In the preferred
embodiment, intermediate ridges 4013 are more pronounced at a
center ridge 4015 of analog responder 4009 and decrease in size or
shape toward end ridges 4011. This allows the user to quickly
determine which portion of analog responder 4009 the user is
touching, tapping, or depressing. End ridges 4011, intermediate
ridges 4013, and/or center ridge 4015 may be of a variety of
shapes, including corporate logos or trademarks, as illustrated by
center ridge 4015.
[0951] Analog responder 4009 may be programmed for response in
either an "absolute" mode or a "relative" mode. In absolute mode,
locations along the length of one dimensional touch pad 4010 are
directly mapped to locations on display screen 4007. For example,
if the user touches one dimensional touch pad 4010 at right end
ridge 4011, the cursor or movable graphical image being displayed
on display screen 4007 would appear at the rightmost applicable
portion of display screen 4007. If the user dragged his finger back
and forth from one end ridge 4011 to the opposing end ridge 4011,
the cursor would move from one extreme to the other within its
graphical boundary on display screen 4007. For instances when
movement along one dimensional touch pad 4010 manipulates a
graphical image of an animation, if the user dragged his finger
back and forth from one end ridge 4011 to the opposing end ridge
4011, the graphical image or animation would respond by displaying
all of the frames of the scenes or frames of the graphical image or
animation. The absolute mode helps make analog responder 4009 be
non-biasing, as explained below.
[0952] On the other hand, in relative mode, locations along the
length of one dimensional touch pad 4010 are not mapped directly to
any specific location on display screen 4007; rather, movement
along one dimensional touch pad 4010 is programmed to provide
movement of a cursor or graphical image relative to their current
location on display screen 4007. For example, if the user drags her
finger along the length of one dimensional touch pad 4010 in a
direction from right to left, the cursor of graphical image being
displayed on display screen 4007 will respond by a moving in a
direction right to left. In the preferred embodiment, if, while
responding to a query, the user removes her finger from one
dimensional touch pad 4010, the cursor remains stationary on
display screen 4007 until the user repositions her finger on one
dimensional touch pad 4010 and begins movement again, whereupon the
cursor again tracks the movement of the user's finger along one
dimensional touch pad 4010.
[0953] In operation and as is shown in the view of FIG. 6B, a text
message 4017 may be displayed on display screen 4007 to gain the
user's attention. The user's attention may also be requested by an
audio announcement through a speaker 4019, or by the illumination
of LED's 4021. Next, as is depicted in the view of FIG. 6C, digital
content, in this case, a query 4023 is displayed. In the present
example, query 4023 is displayed in text form. However, it should
be understood that query 4023 may be presented in textual form,
graphical form, audio form, or any combination thereof. Also, as
explained below, it is not necessary that a query be presented to
the user. In such instances, analog responder 4009 is used to
directly capture the user's opinion of digital content being
displayed on display screen 4007. Continuing with the present
example, query 4023 asks a particular question: "Do you like to
hang out at coffee bars?". Next, as is shown in the view of FIG.
6D, a graphical element 4025 is displayed on display screen 4007 in
close physical proximity to query 4023. Graphical element 4025
defines an elongated active element 4027 having boundary text or
other indicia 4029 displayed in close proximity that provides a
qualitative or quantitative metric which allows the user to input a
scaled response to the digital content, in this case, query 4023.
In the present example, the scaling text messages 4031 and 4033
allow the user to select a response to query 4023 within an analog
range established by the quantitative or qualitative boundaries
established or associated therewith. It is important to note that
the user does not have to choose from a limited set of discreet
responses.
[0954] In the present example, the user's response to query 4023
may range from "Hate 'em," as depicted by scaling text message 4031
to "Love 'em," as depicted by scaling text message 4033. In the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of
analog responder 4009 is non-biasing. This means that there is no
"default" or initial response from which the user begins to make
his response. Such default responses, even if presented as a
"neutral" response, can affect how the user responds to the digital
content. To record a response to query 4023, the user taps,
touches, or drags her finger along one-dimensional touch pad 4010
in an manner which activates a movable, graphical shuttle element
4035 in a desired location between the boundaries established by
scaling text messages 4031 and 4033. To maintain the non-biasing
nature of one-dimensional touch pad 4010, it is preferred that
graphical shuttle element 4035 does not appear on graphical element
4025 until the user makes contact with one-dimensional touch pad
4010. In this manner, the user's response to the digital content,
in this case query 4023 about coffee bars, is not influenced by a
default or initial response condition. As the user moves her finger
along one-dimensional touch pad 4010 from left end ridge 4011 to
the right end ridge 4011, graphical shuttle element 4035 moves
correspondingly from scaling text message 4031 to scaling text
message 4033. This is possible because graphical element 4025 is
mapped to the available quantitative or quantitative range of
values for an acceptable response. Such mapping may be either
absolute or relative, depending on the desired application and
response. In the preferred embodiment, when the user releases her
finger from one-dimensional touch pad 4010, analog responder 4009
generates a corresponding electrical signal which is captured and
recorded in appliance 4001.
[0955] From the user's perspective, graphical element 4025 is very
easy to use and may be manipulated with easy motions. In this
manner, network 11 may obtain a reasonably accurate response,
opinion, or rating from the user of the digital content with only a
minimum of intrusion into the user's experience. FIG. 6E depicts
graphical element 4025 after graphical shuttle element 4035 has
been moved by the user. From the position of shuttle element 4035,
it is clear that the user "favors" or "likes" hanging out in coffee
bars, but the user does not "love" hanging out in them. More
importantly, this preference information, or rating, has been
obtained easily and quickly.
[0956] Referring now to FIGS. 6F and 6G in the drawings, alternate
embodiments of graphical element 4025 are illustrated. In FIG. 6F,
graphical element 4025 having elongated active element 4027 and
movable shuttle element 4035 of FIGS. 6A-6E have been replaced by
scaling graphical message 4041. Scaling graphical message 4041 is a
continuous series of graphical images of a human hand in poses
ranging from "thumbs down" 4041a to "thumbs up" 4041b. In FIG. 6F,
although both extreme boundary conditions of thumbs down 4041a and
thumbs up 4041b are shown for clarity, in actual operation, only
one continuously changing view of scaling graphical message 4041
would be shown. In the example of FIG. 6F, boundary text or other
indicia 4029 are not necessary, because scaling graphical message
4041 is inherently defined by common usage. As with the example of
FIGS. 6A-6E, scaling graphical element 4041 is displayed in close
proximity to the digital content, in this instance, query 4023. In
response to query 4023, the user activates one-dimensional touch
pad 4010 in an appropriate fashion. As the user moves her finger
back and forth along the length of one-dimensional touch pad 4010,
scaling graphical message 4041 transitions or animates back and
forth from thumbs down 4041a to thumbs up 4041b, thereby providing
a qualitative or quantitative metric corresponding to the user's
scaled response to query 4023. In this example, scaling graphical
message 4041 allows the user to select a response to query 4023
within an analog range established by the quantitative or
qualitative boundaries established or associated therewith.
[0957] In FIG. 6G, scaling graphical message 4041 has been replaced
with scaling graphical message 4051. Scaling graphical message 4051
functions similarly to scaling graphical message 4041, with the
exception that instead of ranging from thumbs down 4041a to thumbs
up 4041b, scaling graphical message 4051 continuously ranges from a
"frowning face" 4051a to a "smiling face" 4051b. It should be
understood that a large variety of such images may be utilized as
scaling graphical images due to their common use in public and the
inherent message that is conveyed when they are viewed. It will be
appreciated that the same preference information can be captured
whether the user responds by manipulating a scaling text message or
a scaling graphical message.
[0958] In some instances, analog responder 4009 is used to capture
a response from the user to digital content being displayed on
display screen 4007, but does not manipulate any textual or
graphical image being displayed. For example, while digital content
in the form of a movie is being displayed on display screen 4007,
the user might touch one-dimensional touch pad 4010 at a selected
location which indicates that the user is enjoying the movie, i.e.,
near the right end ridge 4011. In this manner, analog responder
4009 is used to capture the user's opinion or rating of the digital
content without the use of any on-screen indicator as described
above with reference to FIG. 5A.
[0959] Regardless of the manner in which the preference information
is obtained from the user's interaction with analog responder 4009,
or which embodiment of the input element is employed, the
preference information can be captured, recorded, stored,
maintained, and used for many useful and valuable purposes. For
example, this user initiated preference information may be used to
update the user's contextual user profile, thereby affecting the
probability that the same digital content will be offered again for
presentation to the user, or the probability that related digital
content will be offered for presentation to the user. This
preference information may also be used by service provider to
perform or infer referential preferences as explained above. In
this manner, one user's responses may have an affect or impact upon
other members' experiences, thereby expanding network 11 and
creating community.
[0960] ELONGATED BUTTON: Referring now to FIG. 7A in the drawings,
the alternate embodiment of the electronic data input apparatus in
which the input element is an elongated button is illustrated. An
appliance 5101 has a body portion 5103 and a display portion 5105.
A screen display 5107 is carried by display portion 5105. An
electronic data input apparatus 5109 includes an input element in
the form of an elongated button 5110. Elongated button 5110 is
spring biased by a biasing means, such as a plurality of springs
5111, into a position that is away from body portion 5103. This
clearance is exaggerated in FIG. 7A for clarity. It should be
understood that elongated button 5110 may be biased by other
conventional means employed to bias keys and buttons into static
start positions. Elongated button 5110 may be either rigid, such
that as the user depresses elongated button 5110 at a selected
location, elongated button 5110 generates a corresponding
electrical signal; or elongated button 5110 may be a flexible
button, such that as elongated button 5110 is depressed at a
selected location, elongated button 5110 deforms inwardly at the
selected location and generates a corresponding electrical
signal.
[0961] TOUCH SCREEN WITH GRAPHICAL SLIDER: Referring now to FIG. 7B
in the drawings, the alternate embodiment of the electronic data
input apparatus in which the input element is a touch screen with
graphical slider is illustrated. An appliance 5201 has a body
portion 5203 and a display portion 5205. A screen display 5207 is
carried by display portion 5205. An electronic data input apparatus
5209 includes an input element in the form of a touch screen with
graphical slider 5210. Touch screen with graphical slider 5210 is a
digitized touch screen 5211 which may integrated into screen
display 5207 if screen display 5207 is a digitized touch screen, or
may be separate from screen display 5207 if screen display 5207 is
not a digitized touch screen. Touch screen with graphical slider
5210 includes a graphical shuttle element 5212 that is operably
associated with a graphical slider element 5214. Upon the
presentation of digital content, graphical slider element 5214 is
displayed on digitized touch screen 5211. The user activates touch
screen with graphical slider 5110 by touching graphical slider
element 5214 with her finger, a light pen, or a stylus. It is
preferred that graphical shuttle element 5212 not be displayed
until the user makes an initial contact with digitized touch screen
5211. This preserves the non-biasing feature of touch screen with
graphical slider 5210, in that no default or starting condition is
displayed that might influence the user's response. After the user
makes initial contact with digitized touch screen 5211, her motions
in the directions of arrow 5213 along graphical slider element 5214
are tracked by graphical shuttle element 5212. When the user
releases her finger, the light pen, or the stylus, the location of
graphical shuttle element 5212 with relation to graphical slider
element 5214 is recorded and a corresponding electrical signal is
generated. The user may also record her response by touching a
separate designated portion of digitized touch screen 5211. In this
manner, the user's response or rating of the digital content is
obtained.
[0962] JOG WHEEL: Referring now to FIG. 7C in the drawings, the
alternate embodiment of the electronic input apparatus in which the
input element is a jog wheel is illustrated. An appliance 5301 has
a body portion 5303 and a display portion 5305. A screen display
5307 is carried by display portion 5305. An electronic data input
apparatus 5309 includes an input element in the form of a jog wheel
5310 which rotates in a plane parallel with screen display 5307. In
a typical installation, jog wheel 5310 is spring biased toward a
center, or neutral, position. Jog wheel 5310 has a recessed area
5312 with which the user may rotate jog wheel 5310 in either a
clockwise or counter-clockwise direction as indicated by arrow 5313
to input his response to digital content. In this embodiment,
clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of jog wheel 5310 is
equivalent to back and forth movement of the user's finger upon
one-dimensional touch pad 4010. As the user rotates jog wheel 5310,
an on-screen indicator (not shown, but similar to the on-screen
indicators discussed above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G) is
manipulated to allow the user track his response. Once the user has
selected his response as indicated by the on-screen indicator, he
records his response by clicking down on jog wheel 5310, leaving
jog wheel 5310 in a specific position for a predetermined amount of
time, or by any other appropriate means. When the user selects his
response, a corresponding electrical signal is generated by jog
wheel 5310. It should be understood that jog wheel 5310 may be
non-biased so that there is no default start or trim position.
[0963] SCROLL WHEEL: Referring now to FIG. 7D in the drawings, the
alternate embodiment of the electronic input apparatus in which the
input element is a scroll wheel is illustrated. An appliance 5401
has a body portion 5403 and a display portion 5405. A screen
display 5407 is carried by display portion 5405. An electronic data
input apparatus 5409 includes an input element in the form of a
scroll wheel 5410 which rotates in a plane parallel with screen
display 5407. As opposed to jog wheel 5310, scroll wheel 5410 is
not spring biased in any start or default position. Scroll wheel
5410 has a knurled edge 5412 with which the user rotates scroll
wheel 5410 in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction as
indicated by arrow 5413 to input his response to digital content.
In this embodiment, clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of
scroll wheel 5410 is equivalent to back and forth movement of the
user's finger on one-dimensional touch pad 4010. As the user
rotates scroll wheel 5410, an on-screen indicator (not shown, but
similar to the on-screen indicators discussed above with reference
to FIGS. 6A-6G) is manipulated to allow the user track his
response. Once the user has selected his response as indicated by
the on-screen indicator, he records his response by clicking inward
on scroll wheel 5410, leaving scroll wheel 5410 in a specific
position for a predetermined amount of time, or by any other
appropriate means. When the user selects his response, a
corresponding electrical signal is generated by scroll wheel 5410.
It should be understood that scroll wheel 5410 may be spring biased
so that there is a default start or trim position.
[0964] THUMB WHEEL: Referring now to FIG. 7E in the drawings, the
alternate embodiment of the electronic input apparatus in which the
input element is a thumb wheel is illustrated. An appliance 5501
has a body portion 5503 and a display portion 5505. A screen
display 5507 is carried by display portion 5505. An electronic data
input apparatus 5509 includes an input element in the form of a
thumb wheel 5510 which rotates in a plane perpendicular with screen
display 5507. As with scroll wheel 5410, thumb wheel 5510 is not
spring biased toward a start or default position. Thumb wheel 5510
has a knurled edge 5512 with which the user rotates thumb wheel
5510 in either a forward or reverse direction as indicated by arrow
5513 to input her response to digital content. In this embodiment,
forward and reverse rotation of thumb wheel 5510 is equivalent to
back and forth movement of the user's finger upon one-dimensional
touch pad 4010. As the user rotates thumb wheel 5510, an on-screen
indicator (not shown, but similar to the on-screen indicators
discussed above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G) is manipulated to
allow the user track her response. Once the user has selected her
response as indicated by the on-screen indicator, she records her
response by clicking inward on thumb wheel 5510, leaving thumb
wheel 5510 in a specific position for a predetermined amount of
time, or by any other appropriate means. When the user selects her
response, a corresponding electrical signal is generated by thumb
wheel 5510. It should be understood that thumb wheel 5510 may be
spring biased so that there is a default start or trim
position.
[0965] LINEAR SLIDING KNOB: Referring now to FIG. 7F in the
drawings, the alternate embodiment of the electronic input
apparatus in which the input element is a linear sliding knob is
illustrated. An appliance 5601 has a body portion 5603 and a
display portion 5605. A screen display 5607 is carried by display
portion 5605. An electronic data input apparatus 5609 includes an
input element in the form of a linear sliding knob 5610 which
translates in a plane parallel with screen display 5607. Linear
sliding knob 5610 is preferably a linear potentiometer. The user
translates linear sliding knob 5610 in a back and forth direction
as indicated by arrow 5613 to input her response to digital
content. In this embodiment, back and forth translation of linear
sliding knob 5610 is equivalent to back and forth movement of the
user's finger on one-dimensional touch pad 4010. In this
embodiment, no on-screen indicator is necessary for the user to
track her response because the relative location of linear sliding
knob 5610 is indicative of the user's response. Once the user has
selected her response, she records her response by clicking inward
on linear sliding knob 5610, leaving linear sliding knob 5610 in a
specific position for a predetermined amount of time, or by any
other appropriate means. When the user selects her response, a
corresponding electrical signal is generated by linear sliding knob
5610. It should be understood that linear sliding knob 5610 may be
spring biased so that there is a default start or trim
position.
[0966] TOUCH SCREEN WITH GRAPHICAL RADIO BUTTONS: Referring now to
FIG. 7G in the drawings, the alternate embodiment of the electronic
data input apparatus in which the input element is a touch screen
with graphical radio buttons is illustrated. An appliance 5701 has
a body portion 5703 and a display portion 5705. A screen display
5707 is carried by display portion 5705. An electronic data input
apparatus 5709 includes an input element in the form of a touch
screen with graphical radio buttons 5710. Touch screen with
graphical radio buttons 5710 is a digitized touch screen 5711 which
may integrated into screen display 5707 if screen display 5707 is a
digitized touch screen, or may be separate from screen display 5707
if screen display 5707 is not a digitized touch screen. Touch
screen with graphical radio buttons 5710 includes a plurality of
graphical radio buttons 5712. Upon the presentation of digital
content, graphical radio buttons 5712 are displayed on digitized
touch screen 5711. The user activates touch screen with graphical
radio buttons 5710 by touching individual graphical radio buttons
5712 with her finger, a light pen, or a stylus. It is preferred
that only a single radio button 5712 be selected at a time, but it
should be understood that certain applications may allow the user
to select a plurality of radio buttons 5712. After the user makes
initial contact with digitized touch screen 5711, her selections
are tracked by graphical radio buttons 5712. If the user continues
to touch a particular radio button 5712, that radio button 5712
toggles between selected and unselected. Once the user has selected
her response, she records her response by touching a designated
portion of digitized touch screen 5711, leaving touch screen with
graphical radio buttons 5710 in a selected state for a
predetermined amount of time, or by any other appropriate means.
After the user makes her selections, the selected radio buttons
5712 are recorded and corresponding electrical signals are
generated. In this manner, the user's response or rating of the
digital content is obtained.
[0967] DEDICATED BUTTONS: Referring now to FIG. 7H in the drawings,
the alternate embodiment of the electronic data input apparatus in
which the input element is a bank of dedicated buttons is
illustrated. An appliance 5801 has a body portion 5803 and a
display portion 5805. A screen display 5807 is carried by display
portion 5805. An electronic data input apparatus 5809 includes an
input element in the form of a bank of dedicated buttons 5810. Bank
of dedicated buttons 5810 may integrated into an existing
thumbboard or keyboard (see FIG. 2O), or may be a separate bank of
buttons. Bank of dedicated buttons 5810 includes a plurality of
electro-mechanical buttons 5812. It is preferred that dedicated
buttons be spring biased into an un-depressed position. The user
activates bank of dedicated buttons 5810 by depressing individual
dedicated buttons 5812 a predetermined distance in response to
digital content displayed on screen display 5807. If the user
continues to depress a particular dedicated button 5812, that
dedicated button 5812 toggles between selected and unselected. In
addition, it is preferred that if the user depresses a second
dedicated button, the first depressed dedicated button 5812 becomes
unselected. Once the user has selected her response, she records
her response by leaving bank of dedicated buttons 5810 in a
selected state for a predetermined amount of time, or by any other
appropriate means. After the user makes her selections, the
selected dedicated button 5812 is recorded and a corresponding
electrical signal is generated. In this manner, the user's response
or rating of the digital content is obtained.
[0968] TWO-DIMENSIONAL TOUCH PAD: Referring now to FIG. 7I in the
drawings, the alternate embodiment of the electronic data input
apparatus in which the input element is a two-dimensional touch pad
is illustrated. An appliance 5901 has a body portion 5903 and a
display portion 5905. A screen display 5907 is carried by display
portion 5905. An electronic data input apparatus 5909 includes an
input element in the form of a two-dimensional touch pad 5910.
Two-dimensional touch pad 5910 is configured and functions similar
to one-dimensional touch pad 4010. As such, two-dimensional touch
pad 5910 may be integral with the surface material of body portion
5905 or may include a separate digitized element disposed within
body portion 5905. In the latter situation, the surface material of
body portion 5905 is flexibly configured to allow depression of
body portion 5905 and activation of two-dimensional touch pad 5910.
By "two-dimensional," it is meant that the touch pad is configured
or digitized to capture both the longitudinal component along an
X-axis and the transverse component along a Y-axis of any touch
input. Thus, if the user activated two-dimensional touch pad 5910
by touching in an upper right-hand location, both the longitudinal
component along the X-axis and the transverse component along the
Y-axis of the input would be captured and recorded. Just as with
one-dimensional touch pad 4010, two-dimensional touch pad 5910 does
not require an on-screen indicator for the user to respond to or
rate digital content displayed on screen display 5907.
[0969] With two-dimensional touch pad 5910, more responses or
parameters may be recorded with a single response input from the
user, wherein the location along the X-axis represents one response
or parameter, and the location along the Y-axis represents another
response or parameter. For example, if a particular digital content
is a query about coffee bars, a user would have the capability of
not only indicating her level of appreciation for coffee bars, but
the time of day that she most likes to hang out there. In this
example, the user's appreciation of coffee bars might be entered by
activating two-dimensional touch pad 5910 along the X-axis, while
the user's favorite time of day to spend time in coffee bars might
be entered by the user's selection along the Y-axis.
Two-dimensional touch pad may include raised ridges 5913 or other
visual indicia to aid the user in spatially locating her response.
As with one-dimensional touch pad 4010, two-dimensional touch pad
5910 may be programmed to function in either an absolute mode or a
relative mode. It is preferred that when the user releases her
finger from two-dimensional touch pad 5910, the user's response is
captured and recorded in appliance 5901.
[0970] Utilizing Analog Responder in Other Personal Computing
Devices:
[0971] ANALOG RESPONDER INTEGRATED INTO DEVICE: Referring now to
FIGS. 8A-8E in the drawings, the electronic data input system and
apparatus according to the present invention is illustrated shown
being utilized on a variety of personal computing devices. In FIG.
8A, a palmtop computer 5001 of clamshell design has a body portion
5003 and a display portion 5005. Body portion 5003 has a keyboard
5007 and display portion 5005 has a display screen 5009. An
electronic data input apparatus, or analog responder, 5011
according to the present invention is operably associated body
portion 5003. This allows palmtop computer 5001 to capture analog
responses, inputs, and/or ratings to digital content, such as
queries.
[0972] In FIG. 8B, a wireless phone 5031 has a body portion 5033
and a display screen 5035. Body portion 5033 has a key pad 5037. An
analog responder 5039 according to the present invention is
operably associated with body portion 5033. As is shown, a
plurality of scaling graphical messages 5041 may be displayed on
display screen 5035, whereby the user may input an analog response
to certain queries, such as ring tone, display brightness, and ring
volume. Scaling graphical messages 5041 are commonly used graphical
images that inherently indicate the status of wireless phone
5031.
[0973] In FIG. 8C, a notebook computer 5051 of clamshell design has
a body portion 5053 and a display portion 5055. Body portion 5053
has a keyboard 5057 and a conventional touch pad 5059. Display
portion 5055 has a display screen 5061. An analog responder 5063
according to the present invention is disposed within display
portion 5055. As is shown, a scaling graphical element 5065 is
displayed on display screen 5061. This embodiment illustrates that
analog responder 5063 may be disposed anywhere on a personal
computing device that is convenient for the user to operate. This
embodiment also illustrates that the analog responder of the
present invention may be utilized on a personal computing device
that has other touch pads or similar input devices. Analog
responder 5063 allows notebook computer 5051 to capture analog
responses or inputs to queries or other outputs.
[0974] In FIG. 8D, a traditional keyboard 5071 has been modified by
the addition of an analog responder according to the present
invention. In this embodiment, an analog responder 5073 is operably
associated with keyboard 5071. This embodiment is particularly
useful when users access network 11 over their personal computers,
as opposed to a location-aware wireless communication
appliance.
[0975] In FIG. 8E, a personal digital assistant (PDA) 5081 has a
body portion 5083 and a display screen 5085. Body portion 5083 has
no keyboard, but does have a plurality of input buttons 5087.
Display screen 5085 is a touch screen so that the user may input
data into PDA 5081 with her fingers, or by the use of a stylus or
light pen. An analog responder 5089 has been operably associated
with body portion 5083. Analog responder may be either an
independent component, or may be integrated into touch screen 5085.
In this manner, analog responder 5089 allows PDA 5081 to capture
analog responses or inputs to queries or other digital content.
[0976] ANALOG RESPONDER AS AN EXPANSION MODULE: Referring now to
FIG. 9 in the drawings, an alternate embodiment of the analog
responder according to the present invention is illustrated. A PDA
6001, or other personal computing device, is shown in a rear
perspective view. PDA 6001 includes an accessory port 6003, usually
of proprietary design. In this embodiment, an analog responder 6005
is operably associated with an expansion module 6007 that plugs
into accessory port 6003 of PDA 6001. Expansion module 6007 may
include other components that are present in a location-aware
wireless communication appliance of the present invention, such as
a GPS antenna 6009. In this manner, a conventional PDA can be
converted into a device having the same or comparable functionality
of a location-aware wireless communication appliance according to
the present invention.
[0977] Although only the one-dimensional touch pad embodiment of
the input element of electronic data input system and apparatus of
the present invention has been illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8E and FIG.
9, it should be understood that any of the alternate embodiments of
the input element which are illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7I may be used
in these installations and applications. In addition, the
electronic data input system and apparatus of the present invention
may also be used with wearable personal computing devices.
[0978] 11.B. Software: In accordance with the preferred
implementation of the preferred invention, operating system 1575 is
excessively user-centric. As such, the weight or value associated
with interrupts generated through user manipulation of appliance
1500, whether through thumbboard 1527, analog responder 1528,
joysticks 1530, or additional input elements 1529, is of the
highest priority. Accordingly, other operations may be aborted or
suspended in order to execute, on a priority basis, certain
commands associated with a user interrupt.
[0979] SEPARATE THREAD FOR MONITORING USER ACTION: Preferably, such
action is accomplished by providing a separate, dedicated thread
for monitoring user commands, actions, and/or input. This
user-initiated processing thread is accorded a greater priority
relative to most other processing threads. In this manner, the user
has a substantial impact on the operating system through
manipulation of thumbboard 1527, analog responder 1528, joysticks
1530, and additional input elements 1529. The user never has to
wait to take control of the appliance and/or the operating
system.
[0980] USER IMPACT ON OPERATING PROCESSES: All systems are
de-escalated to lower priority when the user is interacting with
the appliance.
12. User
[0981] 12.A. Operational empathy: In the preferred implementation
of the present invention, network 11 monitors its own operation in
a manner which allows appliances, such as appliances 351, 353, 355,
357, 359, and 361, to communicate empathetic messages to the user
when network 11 is operating in a manner which may be frustrating
to the user. For example, network 11 traffic may be so heavy that
there is substantial delay in communications such as the
transmission of e-mails or the ability to engage in real-time chat
communications. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the
present invention, appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361 will
communicate to the user an awareness of a network problem which can
be frustrating to the user. This may mitigate the user's
frustration.
[0982] DEVICE AWARENESS: In accordance with the preferred
embodiment of the present invention, appliances 351, 353, 355, 357,
359, and 361 include monitoring software to aid in determining
whether empathetic action should be implemented.
[0983] USER COMPENSATION/INCENTIVES: Alternatively, network 11 may
actually compensate the user in some manner for the frustration
experienced due to network problems, such as a network being down
or heavy traffic on the network. Such compensation may take many
forms, such as dispensing network energy to the user as a direct
compensation for frustration experienced due to operational
difficulties of network 11. Alternative incentives or compensation
may be provided to the user in the form of digital content, such as
merchant coupons which may be consumed by the user. For example,
digital content in the form of a program or game may be presented
to the user as a form of compensation for some type of frustration
experienced due to network problems. The following are particular
examples of how the device manifests a "awareness" of network
problems and manages the user's frustration through highly
anthropomorphic empathy which may be communicated through dialog
and other interaction with the user. Additionally, particular types
of compensation or incentive for network problems will also be
discussed.
[0984] 12.B. Expectation management: In general, network 11 and
appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361 of the present
invention may also be utilized to manage user expectations in
general. This goes beyond management of frustration. Expectation
management can be utilized in order to encourage the development of
community around appliances 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, and 361 and
network 11. The utilization of expectation management may be a
powerful means to allow the users to become involved in the
development of consumable digital content. There are examples in
the history of consumer electronics in which the existence of a
"community" around an electronic appliance accelerated the adoption
of such devices. One noteworthy example is Apple Computer which
developed a very loyal community around its personal computing
products. Another example is the "Palm Pilot" device which was
introduced by 3COM. A community developed around this device and
hundreds or thousands of applications were written which are
available through publications or over the internet free of charge.
These applications greatly enhance the utility of the device.
Essentially, the community of users become an informal development
team for new applications. Management of expectations can be
utilized to accelerate the development of community and digital
content which may be consumed by the community. Incentives,
including the offering of network energy may be utilized to
accelerate the development of community around appliances 351, 353,
355, 357, 359, and 361 and network 11.
13. Network Energy
[0985] Referring now to FIG. 4A in the drawings, the broad concepts
of the preferred embodiment of the network community and network
currency of the present invention are depicted in block diagram
format. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, a network currency is created and utilized to fund the
operation of network 11, the distribution of location-aware
wireless communication appliances to new users, or members, the
creation of digital content, and the dissemination of digital
content through network 11. This is a useful approach, because, in
the first commercial instance of the present invention, the members
are likely to be adolescents who may have little or no income other
than family allowances. In accordance with the preferred embodiment
of the present invention, the appliances are distributed to the
members free of charge under a sponsorship arrangement with one or
more network affiliates. Sponsoring network affiliates purchase the
appliances to generate goodwill and customer loyalty with the
adolescent network members. Additionally, one or more network
affiliates may also sponsor, for particular members or groups of
members, certain amounts of network air time. The air time can be
used by the members to engage in communication or the consumption
of digital content, such as reading stories, viewing movies, or
engaging in game activities. The service provider which operates
and maintains network 11 is responsible for distributing the
appliances and any air time purchased by sponsors for the benefit
of particular members or groups of members.
[0986] As is shown, a service provider 2001 is in charge of
operating and maintaining network 11. In this capacity, service
provider 2001 operates and maintains a network treasury 2041 and a
network energy market 2043. Accordingly, service provider 2001
performs numerous accounting, tracking, and distribution functions.
Network energy market 2043 is supplied with valuable commodities
from a plurality of sources. The sources of commodities include:
network affiliates 2003, network merchants 2005, and network
members 2007. There may be hundreds of network affiliates 2003,
such as Network Affiliate #1, Network Affiliate #2, up to Network
Affiliate #N, which are identified by reference numerals 2009,
2011, and 2013, respectively. Additionally, there may be thousands
of network merchants 2005, such as Merchant #1, Merchant #2, up to
Merchant #N, which are identified by reference numerals 2015, 2017,
and 2019, respectively. There may be millions of members 2007
spread throughout the country, such as Member #1, Member #2, up to
Member #N, which are identified by reference numerals 2021, 2023,
and 2025, respectively. Each of the network affiliates 2003,
merchants 2005, and members 2007 has an account 2061 which is set
up, operated, and maintained by service provider 2001.
[0987] The commodities may be categorized into different types,
including cash 2027, credit 2029, equity 2031, goods 2033, services
2035, infrastructure elements 2037, or digital content, such as
shareware GUI 2079, game 2081, and text content 2083. Service
provider 2001 accumulates, organizes, and assigns values to the
commodities, which have varying degrees of liquidity. This process
is represented by network market input 2045. Service provider 2001
then introduces the commodities into network energy market 2043.
The commodities are transformed into either network energy 2049 or
location-aware communication appliances 2053. This process is
represented by network market output 2047. Network energy 2049
becomes available under certain conditions for consumption,
distribution, and use by network affiliates 2003, merchants 2005,
and/or members 2007. Appliances 2053 are distributed under certain
conditions to new members 2051. Network energy 2049 may also be
distributed to new members 2051. Each new member 2051 has an
account 2055 which is operated and maintained by service provider
2001. Service provider 2001 also manages books of account 2057
which relate to the operation of network energy market 2043 and the
valuation, allocation, and distribution of network energy 2049 and
appliances 2053. As is shown, some network energy 2049 may be
directed back to the sources that provided the commodities for
network market input 2045 to network energy market 2043.
[0988] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4A, accounts 2057, 2055,
and 2061 generally track the transactions made in network energy
market 2043. In practice, network market input 2045, which is the
cumulative value of the commodities contributed by the sources and
introduced into network energy market 2043 by network treasury
2041, should equal network market output 2047, which is the
cumulative value of network energy 2049 and appliances 2053
released from network treasury 2041. Thus, for purposes of
simplification, appliances 2053 may have a value which is not in
terms of dollars or other national currencies, but rather in terms
of network energy 2049. In this manner, a balance can be obtained
between service provider 2001, network affiliates 2003, merchants
2005, members 2007, and new members 2051 in a closed-loop
environment in which consumption and production of network energy
2049 is closely controlled, monitored, and maintained by service
provider 2001 acting as a treasurer for network 11.
[0989] In certain instances, network energy 2049 may be transferred
directly from a source, i.e., network affiliates 2003, merchants
2005, or members 2007, to either other members 2007 or new members
2051. Such transfers are an alternative to the direct supply of
network energy 2049 by service provider 2001. Although such
transactions may not involve service provider 2001 or network
energy market 2043, the transactions are recorded in accounts 2061
and 2055, thereby maintaining the balance of network energy 2049
within network 11.
[0990] In accordance with the preferred implementation of the
present invention there are a variety of ways in which network
energy 2049 may expended or consumed. Such activity is referred to
herein as "burning" network energy 2049. Alternatively, there are a
variety of ways in which network energy 2049 may be acquired or
accumulated. Such activity is referred to herein as "earning"
network energy 2049. As mentioned above, a balance can be obtained
between service provider 2001, network affiliates 2003, merchants
2005, members 2007, and new members 2051 in a closed-loop
environment. An equilibrium can be established which can be
moderated or modulated by service provider 2001 to encourage or
discourage growth of network 11. This is comparable to the monetary
policies of the Federal Reserve, which through its actions, can
regulate the supply of available money to the market, resulting in
a "heating" or "cooling" impact on the economy in general. It is
necessary for the success of service provider 2001 that a
relationship exist between network energy 2049 and national
currency. Of course, as interest in network 11 fluctuates, the
relationship between network energy 2049 and national currency will
also fluctuate.
[0991] ENERGY MANAGEMENT: Network 11 and service provider 2001
manage the "earning" and "burning" of network energy.
[0992] EARNING NETWORK ENERGY: There are a variety of ways in which
network energy 2049 may be "earned" in accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the present invention. Several of the
primary methods of earning network energy 2049 will now be
discussed with reference to FIGS. 4B-4D.
[0993] PURCHASING ENERGY: The easiest way to obtain network energy
2049 is to directly purchase network energy 2049 with one or more
national currencies. It should be understood that an exchange rate
will established and maintained between network energy 2049 and
selected national currencies, such as U.S. dollars, Euros, or
Canadian dollars. Members may purchase network energy in the form
of air time either in advance on a prepaid basis, or after charges
have been incurred, if deemed creditworthy. Service provider 2001
generates periodic statements which reflect the amount of network
energy earned and burned during the period for each network
affiliate 2003, merchant 2005, member 2007, and new member 2051.
The statements are then communicated to the network affiliates
2003, merchants 2005, members 2007, and new members 2051 for
payment or advance payment.
[0994] EARNING ENERGY THROUGH POSTING OF DIGITAL CONTENT: One
interesting way to "earn" network energy 2049 in accordance with
the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to generate
and contribute digital content to network 11, preferably through
the posting of digital content onto a publicly-available digital
content site, such as a bulletin board 2077 (see FIG. 4B). Bulletin
board 2077 may be accessible via the Internet, but may only be
accessible via location-aware wireless communication appliances,
such as appliances 2053. The bandwidth associated with GPRS
communication is relatively narrow in comparison to the bandwidth
of a relatively good wired/landline Internet connection. However,
some digital content may be downloaded "over the air." This
scenario is depicted in FIG. 4B, in which Member #1, Member #2 up
to Member #N, generate and post a variety of digital content to
bulletin board 2077. Member #1 has generated a shareware graphical
user interface (GUI) 2079; Member #2 has generated a game 2081; and
Member #N has generated text content 2083, such as an article or
short story. A content evaluator 2085 performs Analysis #1,
Analysis #2, and Analysis #N, represented by reference numerals
2087, 2089, and 2091, respectively, on the posted digital content
and determines a relative value for the digital content in terms of
network energy 2049. Content evaluator 2085 is either under the
control of service provider 2001, or under the combined control of
service provider 2001 and one or more member groups. An accounting
program 2093 is utilized in order to record, allocate, and
eventually distribute network energy 2049 as compensation to Member
#1, Member #2, and Member #N for their contribution to network 11.
This type of reward system encourages the development of new
digital content, and makes membership in network 11 continuously
interesting to existing members 2007 and new members 2051
alike.
[0995] EARNING ENERGY THROUGH INTERACTION WITH MERCHANTS: Another
interesting way to earn network energy 2049 in accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the present invention is through
interaction with network merchants 2005. This is depicted in FIG.
4C, in which Merchant #1 and Merchant #N provide either or both of
goods 2036 or services 2038 to members of the public in general and
members of network 11 in particular. In addition to Member #1 and
Member #2, identified by reference numerals 2021 and 2023,
respectively, Member #3, Member #4, Member #5, Member #6, Member
#7, Member #8, and Member #9 are identified by reference numerals
2022, 2024, 2026, 2028, 2030, 2032, and 2034, respectively.
Merchant #1 and Merchant #N have preexisting commercial
relationships with service provider 2001 which manages network 11.
Under these relationships, Merchant #1 and Merchant #N are
authorized to directly or indirectly distribute, allocate, gift, or
grant particular amounts of network energy 2049 to members who
patronize Merchant #1 and Merchant #N through the purchase or
acquisition of goods 2036 or services 2038. These relationships may
also be set up to reward members for merely considering the
purchase of goods 2036 or services 2038, such as by entering the
retail establishment associated with Merchant #1 or Merchant #N, or
by reviewing electronic or printed materials related to Merchant
#1's or Merchant #N's goods 2036 or services 2038.
[0996] As is shown in the view of FIG. 4C, Member #1, Member #2,
Member #3, and Member #4 are engaged in commercial transactions
with Merchant #1 through the purchase of either goods 2036 or
services 2038. Member #1, Member #2, Member #3, and Member #4
purchase goods or services utilizing cash 2050, checks 2052, or
credit cards 2054. Merchant #1 provides goods 2036 and/or services
2038 in return. However, Merchant #1 may also provide certain
predefined amounts of network energy 2049 which may be utilized by
Member #1, Member #2, Member #3, and Member #4 to engage in
activities on network 11. In certain transactions, service provider
2001 may provide members with additional rewards of network energy
2049. For example, service provider 2001 provides network energy
2049 directly to Member #2 and Member #3 which supplements network
energy 2049 awarded to Member #2 and Member #3 directly by Merchant
#1.
[0997] FIG. 4C also depicts the interaction between Member #8 and
Member #9 directly with service provider 2001. Member #8 and Member
#9 are rewarded directly by service provider 2001 through the
allocation of network energy 2049 due to network-mediated
activities relating to Merchant #1, such as reviewing offers for
goods 2036 or services 2038 in the form of attention 2056.
[0998] In a similar fashion, Merchant #N is engaged in commercial
transactions with Member #5, Member #6, and Member #7. As is shown,
Member #5 pays cash 2050 in exchange for goods 2036 and an amount
of network energy 2049 from Merchant #N. Member #6 "burns" a
selected amount of network energy 2049 in exchange for services
2038 from Merchant #N. Member #7 "burns" a selected amount of
network energy 2049 in exchange for goods 2036 from Merchant #N. In
each of these transactions, valuable consideration has been
exchanged for goods 2036, services 2038, and/or network energy
2049.
[0999] EARNING ENERGY THROUGH RECRUITMENT OF NEW NETWORK MEMBERS:
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present
invention, network energy 2049 may also be earned by members
through the recruitment of new members into network 11. This is
depicted in simplified and graphic form in FIG. 4D. As is shown,
service provider 2001 has a pre-existing commercial relationship
with Member #1. Member #1 engages in recruitment of a New Member
#1, identified by reference numeral 2097. Such recruitment is
reported to service provider 2001, which, in turn, supplies a
selected amount of network energy 2049, or "recruitment" energy
2096, to Member #1 for the recruitment. New Member #1 receives
network energy 2049, or "start-up" energy 2098, and a
location-aware wireless communication appliance 2099 from service
provider 2001 for joining. Typically, a sponsor, such as a network
affiliate 2003 or a network merchant 2005, would sponsor or
subsidize the new membership. Thus, there would be no out-of pocket
expense associated with New Member #1's initial membership. Because
each member who recruits new members is rewarded with "recruitment"
energy 2096, there is an incentive to repeat or pass on the
recruitment process.
[1000] The continuation of the recruitment process is also depicted
in FIG. 4D. As is shown, New Member #1 recruits New Member #2,
identified by reference numeral 3001. New Member #2 receives
start-up energy 2098 and an appliance 3003 from service provider
2001 as part of her membership. Again, this membership may be
sponsored or subsidized by service provider 2001, one or more
network affiliates 2003, or one or more merchants 2005, such that
there is no initial membership charge to New Member #2. For the
recruitment activities New member #1 receives recruitment energy
from service provider 2001. In this manner, the number of members
grows and network 11 expands geometrically. It should be understood
that the sponsoring or subsidizing of new members may be done in
whole or in part, or may be shared among sponsors. In an alternate
embodiment of the present invention, new members may be required to
purchase their appliances and start-up energy.
[1001] EARNING ENERGY THROUGH GOOD SAMARATIN ACTION: An alternative
way to earn energy in the network is performing acts which are
considered "Good Samarita" acts in accordance with some schema
established by service provider 2001. Good Samaritan acts may
include assisting other members with difficulties in utilizing
network 11 or appliances. In addition, good Samaritan acts may
include the generation of "shareware" digital content or other
means for enriching the user experience. Some good Samaritan acts
may relate to particular problems experienced by network affiliates
2003, merchants 2005, or members 2007. For example, members 2007
asking for directions or other types of useful information may be
rewarded through a good Samaritan system in which good deeds are
reported to service provider 2001 and rewarded with predetermined
amounts of network energy 2049.
[1002] GIFTS OF NETWORK ENERGY TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION: Another
way to obtain network energy 2049 is in receipt for engaging in
certain types of activity on network 11. Service provider 2001 may
reward members and member organizations for forming and maintaining
chat groups or community relationships on network 11. For example,
the leader of an antique car owner's group may be rewarded with
network energy 2049 by service provider 2001 for establishing and
maintaining a virtual community of member who own antique cars.
Such rewards may be subsidized by a merchant who deals in antique
car goods and services. This can have a substantial motivating
effect on members, and can be utilized to grow and form network
11.
[1003] BURNING NETWORK ENERGY: A variety of ways are also provided
for consuming or "burning" network energy 2049. A few of these
means for consuming energy are discussed below under separate
headings.
[1004] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH HARDWARE ACQUISITION: One way to
consume network energy 2049 is through the acquisition of network
hardware or accessories. Under this scenario, a member may have
access to a wide array of hardware and hardware accessories for
utilization in activity on network 11. For example, a New Member #1
may want to burn network energy 2049 to obtain an additional
docking station for his appliance 2099, or New Member #2 may wish
to burn network energy 2049 to acquire an interchangeable housing
for her appliance 3003. The prices for these activities may be set
in terms of network energy 2049, instead of national currencies.
Such pricing and exchange rates would be set by service provider
2001.
[1005] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH CONTENT CONSUMPTION: Another means
for burning network energy 2049 is through the consumption of
digital content over network 11. As set forth above, digital
content may come in many different forms and in many different
ways. Digital content can be textual materials, graphical
materials, or animated "movies" which are displayed on the member's
appliance.
[1006] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH AIRTIME USE: Another way to burn
network energy 2049 is by utilizing airtime to transmit digital
content or to conduct communications with other members within
network 11. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the
present invention, airtime may have a predetermined or even
variable price in terms of network energy 2049. Mechanisms are
established for determining the total amount of airtime usage for
particular members. On a periodic basis, the network energy 2049 in
each member's account is reduced by an amount of network energy
2049 that is equivalent to the amount of airtime used by that each
member during that period of time.
[1007] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH INSTANT MESSAGING: One particular
communication mode which burns network energy 2049 is instant
messaging (IM). In network 11, IM is comparable to currently
commercially available IM with the exception that in network 11 of
the present invention, location-aware wireless communication
appliances are utilized.
[1008] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH CHATTING: Network energy 2049 may
also be burned through communication activities in the form of
real-time chatting between one or more members of network 11. The
airtime used during a chat session may be apportioned among the
various members engaged in the chat and charged to their own
individual accounts, thus decrementing the amount of network energy
2049 available to each participant in the chat session.
[1009] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH E-MAIL: E-mail may also be sent over
network 11 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The use of network 11 to send and receive e-mail may also burn
network energy 2049 in a predetermined amount. This may be
established in terms of the length of the transmission, the number
of characters transmitted, or by some other method.
[1010] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH FINDING BUDDIES: Another way to burn
energy on network 11 is to locate buddies within network 11 to
determine their location and establish communication with them. The
act of finding a buddy may have a predetermined price in network
energy 2049 associated with it.
[1011] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH WEB ACCESS: To the extent that the
location-aware wireless communication appliances are equipped with
web browsers, utilization of such devices to access the Web and
download materials may also burn a certain predetermined amount of
network energy 2049.
[1012] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH GIFTS OR TRANSFERS: An alternative
way to burn network energy 2049 is to give or transfer network
energy 2049 to other members in the form of a gift or grant.
Members may link network energy 2049 to other desirable currencies
or goods or services. For example, relationships can be established
between network energy 2049 and POKEMON cards or baseball cards. In
another example, electronic gift certificates can be utilized to
transfer network energy 2049 between members to celebrate special
occasions, such as birthdays.
[1013] BURNING ENERGY THROUGH "COLLECT" TRANSACTIONS: An
alternative and interesting means of burning network energy 2049 is
to place communications on network 11 on a "collect" basis similar
to the placement of collect telephone calls. When a collect
communication is placed, the recipient of the communication, or the
party that responds to the communication, is charged a
predetermined amount of network energy 2049 for the transfer from
source to service provider 2001 and from service provider 2001 to
recipient, should the recipient accept the communication. With
regard to IM, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the recipient is charged for all costs associated with the IM
communication.
[1014] MERCHANTS AND AFFILIATIES: Network 11 relies heavily on the
participation and cooperation of network affiliates 2003 and
merchants 2005.
[1015] THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NETWORK ENERGY/CURRENCY: In the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, service provider
2001 is responsible for establishing and maintaining an exchange
rate between network energy and national currencies, so that
digital content, goods, and services may be freely exchanged over
network 11 between and among service provider 2001, network
affiliates 2003, merchants 2005, and members 2007.
[1016] E-COUPONS: E-coupons function in a manner very similar to
conventional coupons. Merchants 2005 may distribute e-coupons to
members 2007 who may redeem the e-coupons for goods and services,
or reductions in the amount of network energy 2049 required to be
burned for such goods and services.
14. Community Systems
[1017] TRUST MANAGEMENT: As has been previously discussed, network
11 of the present invention places a high value on the trust that a
member places upon her appliance and network 11 in making her
private communications. Accordingly, trust management is a priority
for network 11. This is especially true because network 11 manages
a great deal of personal information, especially information
relating to the value or weight accorded by the member to her
peers, friends, and acquaintances.
[1018] NETWORK MANAGEMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS: Network 11 relies upon
truthful member input in establishing the weight or priority that
is attached to particular communicants. Each member will be
afforded an opportunity to honestly evaluate the relative
importance of his or her peers, friends, and acquaintances.
Although such information must be utilized by network 11 on a
frequent basis, the information must be guarded at all times
against inadvertent disclosure. Examples have been previously
provided which illustrate how a member may attach a "block" to
communications originating from particular entities, such as
merchants 2005 or members 2007. Additional examples have been given
illustrating the assignment of "high," "medium," or "low" values to
communications originating from particular entities. By managing
this trusted information, network 11 manages "relationships."
[1019] REFERENTIAL TRUST: On novel aspect of the present invention
is the ability of network 11 to infer likely levels of trust
between individuals that have not yet interacted with one another
through utilization of known trust data which the relevant
individuals may have for commonly-known and ranked or rated
members, groups of members, or merchants. In this manner, network
11 may infer trust data between members and groups of members. The
use of referential trust can be extended to the analysis of likely
preferences for particular goods or services based upon known
preferences of particular members, or groups of members. For
example, users having high regard for one another in one area of
taste or likes are likely to agree upon other areas of a similar
nature.
[1020] The concept of referential trust may also be used to assign
preference ratings to digital content the first time the digital
content is offered for presentation to a member. Because the member
has not yet had an opportunity to rate the new digital content, a
referential trust analysis can be performed to assign a preliminary
preference rating to the digital content. In this analysis, the
unrated new digital content is compared to existing rated digital
content of a similar nature. On a member-by-member basis, the
ratings from the existing digital content are used to calculate and
assign a rating to the new digital content. The similarity between
the new digital content and existing digital content is determined
by comparing the wrapper for the new digital content with the
wrapper for existing digital content. As set forth above, wrappers
contain a wide variety of information, or content parameters, which
describe the digital content.
[1021] MESSAGE BUBBLE-UP FILTERING: The preferred communication
system of the present invention may utilize trust data in order to
sort, prioritize, or filter digital content so that messages form a
highly trusted source are quickly brought to the member's attention
while messages form less trusted sources are blocked, delayed, or
otherwise minimized.
[1022] FILTERING MERCHANT OFFERS: The presentation of merchant
offers may also be filtered or prioritized based upon the level of
commercial trust that the user has for particular merchants or
providers of digital content. It should be understood the
above-described referential trust analysis can be applied in the
instance of assigning preference information to commercial digital
content.
[1023] VIRTUAL INTRODUCTIONS: The level of trust and confidence
that a user has assigned to particular known individuals may be
utilized by network 11 to arrange for virtual introductions
initiated by network 11 of members that are likely to form a
relationship. In this manner, friendships can be created by network
11, thereby building community within network 11 around common
preferences or evaluations of third-party members.
[1024] SEEKING A GOOD SAMARITAN: The trust and personal preferences
information can be utilized automatically by network 11 to locate
one or more individuals which could or may be of assistance in a
time of need or crisis. A member in need of a ride to school or for
a referral to a doctor may call upon network 11 to identify likely
good Samaritans for possible assistance.
[1025] REQUESTING INFORMATION: Trust and personal preferences can
also be utilized by network 11 to fulfill member requests for
assistance.
[1026] Direct Assessment of Trust:
[1027] Interpolated or Calculated Trust:
[1028] Trust in ePINIONS and eVALUATIONS:
[1029] Messages and Trust:
[1030] DIGITAL PERIPHERAL VISION: Community can also be developed
in network 11 through the sharing of virtual common space by
particular members or groups of members. Because the virtual space
of a display to some extent reflects portions of the actual
physical space occupied by the members, a form of common peripheral
space may be used in the actual display to identify and locate
actual locations or places of commerce in a space known as the
digital peripheral space. Items that are accorded a low priority by
a member or groups of members may be relegated to the digital
peripheral space. Focusing on this space can represent an exercise
of digital peripheral vision. Items in this space are not in the
foreground of the member's attention; however, such items are also
not quite relegated to a background or off-screen position. Digital
peripheral vision is further explained below with reference to the
graphical user interface (GUI) of the present invention.
[1031] STICKY-NOTES COMMUNITY COMMUNICATION: The present invention
also enables a new form of public forum. Sticky notes, which
provide user commentary, may be attached to any particular virtual
space in network 11 in the form of "digital sticky notes." Sticky
note messages may take the form of either positive or negative
commentary. This commentary may prove useful to other users and aid
in building community.
[1032] DIGITIAL GRAFITTI: The present invention also enables a form
of "tagging" in virtual space which may take the form of "digital
graffiti," which may serve no useful purpose, except possibly to
note that another member has passed in the same space before.
[1033] SHOUTING COMMUNICATION MODE: The present invention also
provides for a digital "shout." A digital shout is an IM
communication sent by a single member which may be received, and
perhaps acted upon or responded to, by many other members, such as
trusted members or members which are determined by network 11 to
likely prove to be helpful and/or trustworthy. Each member may set
up and maintain a list of members who are to receive each member's
digital shouts. In addition to this express designation of digital
shout recipients, network 11 may utilize trust and preference data
to determine which members receive each member's digital shouts. In
such situations, the aggregated trust data can serve as a type of
communication "creditworthiness" indicator.
[1034] GENERATING A DIGITAL SHOUT: In this embodiment, network 11
utilizes trust and preference information maintained in the
relationship network to transmit the digital shout from a single
member to many other trusted members or members who are determined
by network 11 to likely prove to be helpful and/or trustworthy.
Essentially, the aggregated trust and preference information can
serve as a communication "creditworthiness" indicator. The
relationship analysis referred to above may be used by network 11
to analyze and determine the group of members who are able to
"hear" the shouting member's digital shout.
[1035] SENDING A DIGITAL SHOUT: In this embodiment, network 11
utilizes GPS information, either raw longitude and latitude
coordinates, if chosen by the user, or colloquially designated
information, to transmit the digital shout to listening members who
are within a predetermined geographical proximity of the sending
member.
[1036] COMBINATION DIGITAL SHOUT: In this embodiment, network 11
utilizes both trust and preference information and GPS information
to transmit the digital shout to listening users who are determined
by network 11 to likely prove to be helpful and/or trustworthy, and
who are within a predetermined proximity of the sending member.
[1037] VIRTUAL TOURISM: The present invention also enables a form
of virtual travel known as "virtual tourism" in which a member may
choose to receive digital content as if he or she were actually
located in a selected geographic region also served by network
11.
[1038] VIRTUAL WINDOW SHOPPING IN REMOTE LOCALE: The present
invention also allows a member to actually shop in shared virtual
space from a remote locale.
[1039] SISTER CITY THROUGH VIRTUAL LOCATION GROUPING: In accordance
with the present invention, a member or a group of members may
adopt a remote virtual space as a "sister" city, and thus engage in
community building.
[1040] LOCATION "MORPHING" TO CREATE SHARED VIRTUAL SPACE: In
accordance with the present invention, one or more members may
combine remote virtual space into a single "morphed" virtual space.
For example, the network space for New Orleans, La. may be combined
with the network space for Dallas, Tex.
[1041] POSITION/LOCATION SNAP SHOTS: In accordance with the present
invention, a member may mark or index a particular virtual location
for future reference or to allow later return.
[1042] JUMP-TO FUNCTION TO EMULATE RELOCATION AND/OR TRAVEL: The
present invention also enables the rapid relocation or "jumping"
between virtual locations.
[1043] Although the invention has been described with reference to
a particular embodiment, this description is not meant to be
construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the
disclosed embodiments as well as alternative embodiments of the
invention will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon
reference to the description of the invention. It is therefore
contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such
modifications or embodiments that fall within the scope of the
invention.
* * * * *