U.S. patent application number 10/645432 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-24 for shock force indicating device.
Invention is credited to Elsasser, Dan William, Meyer, Corwyn R..
Application Number | 20050039669 10/645432 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34080757 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050039669 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Elsasser, Dan William ; et
al. |
February 24, 2005 |
SHOCK FORCE INDICATING DEVICE
Abstract
A shock force indicating device for measuring and visually
displaying the extent of a shock force received by an article
during handling of the article is disclosed. The device has a
cavity formed between a base member and a top member having a
raised portion. A bearing is disposed within the cavity. In a
preferred embodiment, the top member and the base member provide a
compressive force to the bearing such that the bearing is held in
place until the device is subjected to a shock force greater than a
predetermined threshold. The base member has a pressure sensitive
material which provides a visually identifiable path which traces
the movement of the bearing when the bearing moves in response to a
shock force to the device. The base member may have indicating
marks for representing a scale with which to measure a component of
a force to the device. The top member is transparent for easy
viewing of the indicating marks. The base member may have an
adhesive on a bottom portion for attaching the device directly to a
package or other article.
Inventors: |
Elsasser, Dan William;
(Sioux Falls, SD) ; Meyer, Corwyn R.; (Sioux
Falls, SD) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GATEWAY, INC.
610 GATWAY DRIVE
ATTENTION: GAYLE BEKISH, MAIL DROP Y-04
NORTH SIOUX CITY
SD
57049
US
|
Family ID: |
34080757 |
Appl. No.: |
10/645432 |
Filed: |
August 21, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
116/203 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01L 5/0052 20130101;
B65D 79/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
116/203 |
International
Class: |
G01L 005/00 |
Claims
1. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member having
a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a raised
portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member forming
a cavity between said top member and said base member; a bearing
disposed within said cavity; and a pressure sensitive material
disposed on said base member; wherein movement of said bearing over
said pressure sensitive material produces a visually identifiable
path on said pressure sensitive material tracing movement of said
bearing when said bearing moves in response to a shock force on
said device; wherein said base member and said to member provide a
compressive force to said beating such that said bearing is held in
place until said device is subjected to a shock force greater than
a predetermined threshold.
2. (Cancelled).
3. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
a bottom surface of said base member comprises an adhesive
backing.
4. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said bearing has an initial starting position which is
substantially centered within a plane of said base member within
said device between said base member and said top member.
5. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said top member has a substantially flat top portion.
6. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said top member is dome-shaped.
7. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member having
a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a raised
portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member forming
a cavity between said top member and said base member; a bearing
disposed within said cavity; and a pressure sensitive material
disposed on said base member; wherein movement of said bearing over
said pressure sensitive material produces a visually identifiable
path on said pressure sensitive material tracing movement of said
bearing when said bearing moves in response to a shock force on
said device; wherein said bearing is disposed within an indentation
in said base member under an initial condition, said bearing
traveling out of the indentation when said device is subjected to a
sufficient shock force.
8. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member having
a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a raised
portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member forming
cavity between said top member and said base member; a bearing
disposed within said cavity; and a pressure sensitive material
disposed on said base member; wherein movement of said bearing over
said pressure sensitive material produces a visually identifiable
path on said pressure sensitive material tracing movement of said
bearing when said bearing moves in response to a shock force on
said device; a spring, one end of said spring being connected to
the base member at a substantially centered location on the top
surface of said base member an other end of said spring being
connected to said bearing, said spring adapted to allow a
predetermined amount of movement of said bearing when said device
is subjected to a shock force of a particular magnitude.
9. The shock force indicating device according to claim 8, wherein
said bearing and said spring are formed from a single piece of an
elastic material.
10. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member
having a substantially flat top surface; a to member having a
raised portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member
forming a cavity between said top member and said base member; a
bearing disposed within said cavity; and a pressure sensitive
material disposed on said base member; wherein movement of said
bearing over said pressure sensitive material produces a visually
identifiable path on said pressure sensitive material tracing
movement of said bearing when said bearing moves in response to a
shock force on said device; an elastic member, one end of said
elastic member being connected to said base member at a
substantially centered location on the top surface of said base
member, an other end of said elastic member being connected to said
bearing, said elastic member adapted to extend to allow movement of
said bearing when said device is subjected to a shock force of a
particular magnitude.
11. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said pressure sensitive material is pressure sensitive paper.
12. The shock force indicating device according to claim 11,
wherein said pressure sensitive paper is carbon paper.
13. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said top member is substantially transparent.
14. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said base member comprises indicating marks representing a scale
with which to measure a component of a shock force on said
device.
15. The shock force indicating device according to claim 14,
wherein said indicating marks are substantially concentric
circles.
16. The shock force indicating device according to claim 1, wherein
said device has a substantially circular perimeter.
17. (Cancelled).
18. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member
having a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a
raised portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member
forming a cavity between said top member and said base member; and
a bearing disposed within said cavity; wherein said bearing is
formed of a material capable of visually marking said base member
such that said bearing traces a path which has a length
corresponding to a base component of a force applied on said
device; wherein said base member and said top member provide a
compressive force to said bearing such that said bearing is held in
place unless said device is subjected to a shock force greater than
a predetermined threshold.
19. (Cancelled).
20. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member
having a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a
raised portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member
forming a cavity between said top member and said base member; a
bearing disposed within said cavity; and a spring, one end of said
spring being connected to the base member at a substantially
centered location on the too surface of said base member, an other
end of said spring being connected to said bearing, said spring
adapted to allow a predetermined amount of movement of said bearing
when said device is subjected to a shock force of a particular
magnitudes; wherein said bearing is formed of a material capable of
visually marking said base member such that said bearing traces a
path which has a length corresponding to a base component of a
force applied on said device.
21. The shock force indicating device according to claim 20,
wherein said bearing and said spring are formed from a single piece
of an elastic material.
22. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member
having a substantially flat top surface; a top member having a
raised portion disposed in spaced relation above said base member
forming a cavity between said top member and said base member; a
bearing disposed within said cavity; and an elastic member, one end
of said elastic member being connected to the base member at a
substantially centered location on the top surface of said base
member, an other end of said elastic member being connected to said
bearing, said elastic member adapted to extend to allow movement of
said bearing when said device is subjected to a shock force of a
particular magnitude; wherein said bearing is formed of a material
capable of visually marking said base member such that said bearing
traces a path which has a length corresponding to a base component
of a force applied on said device.
23. The shock force indicating device according to claim 18,
wherein the base member has indicating marks representing a scale
with which to measure a component of a shock force on said
device.
24-32. (Cancelled).
33. A shock force indicating device comprising: a base member
having a top surface; a top member having a raised portion disposed
in spaced relation above said base member forming a cavity between
said top member and said base member; a bearing disposed within
said cavity; and a pressure sensitive material disposed on the top
surface of said base member such that movement of said bearing over
said pressure sensitive material produces a visually identifiable
path on said pressure sensitive material tracing movement of said
bearing when said bearing moves in response to a shock force on
said device; wherein said top member has a concave lower surface
such that a distance between the top surface of said base member
and the concave lower surface of said top member decreases in a
radially outward direction from a substantially centered position
on the top surface of said base member so that movement of said
bearing outwardly from a substantially centered position on said
base member requires progressively greater shock force on said
device.
34. The shock force recording device according to claim 33 wherein
said distance between the top surface of said base member and the
lower surface of said top member at said substantially centered
position is substantially equal to a diameter of said bearing.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a shock force indicating
device, and more specifically to a shock force indicating device
which measures and visually displays the extent of a shock force to
an article.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Several conventional shock force indicating devices are
known and utilized in the shipping and retail industries. These
devices, however, do not visually show the extent of shock or force
exerted on an article, such as a package or product, during
shipping or handling of the article. Many such devices merely
inform the user that the package or product has received a shock
force that is over a specific, predetermined threshold. For
example, one such device has a tiny liquid-filled glass tube housed
in a self-adhesive label. If the device receives a shock beyond a
predetermined threshold, the liquid in the tube changes from clear
to bright red. However, the device is incapable of measuring the
extent of shock to the package or product.
[0003] Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,106, issued to Eklof,
discloses a non-resettable shock force indicating device. The
device has a circular bottom plate having a flange around its edge.
There is a circular top section that is spaced apart from the inner
surface of the circular plate and attached to the free edge portion
of the flange. A top portion has a dome portion with a central axis
and a peripheral side wall portion. The dome portion forms a
chamber. The chamber is confined by a spring plate acting
perpendicular to its extension. A central support column is
directed perpendicular to the plate. The free end of the support
column is cupular and provides a guiding support for a ball
abutting the inner surface of the enlargement. The plate has
openings such that spoke-like arms extend to the support column
thereby rendering the plate spring-active in its perpendicular
direction adjacent to the column. The cupular end presses against
the ball which in turn presses against the inner surface of the
dome portion. If the device is subjected to shock force greater
than a predetermined threshold, the ball is dislodged from its
normal position on the column. The column is displaced towards the
upper inner surface of the dome portion by influence of the spring
plate. The column serves as a blocking means for the ball to be
returned to its normal position. While the device may indicate that
a product has received a shock force over a predetermined
threshold, the device is incapable of visually identifying the
extent of shock to an article.
[0004] Another such conventional shock force indicating device
comprises two sets of spring loaded steels balls disposed within a
rugged transparent housing. The springs are calibrated to withstand
forces up to the grating of the unit. If impacts greater than the
rated value are imposed, at least one set of balls will be
dislodged and dropped into a transparent zone for visual
identification. While the device may also indicate that a product
has received a shock force over a predetermined threshold, the
device is incapable of measuring the extent of shock to the package
or product.
[0005] Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,252, issued to Nagai,
discloses a shock sensor which is able to detect an externally
applied acceleration and which is designed to prevent the
indicating means from reversing direction when a force in the
opposite direction of detection is applied. The device may be
affixed to an object by a screw. The device has an upper supporting
member provided with a weight and a lower supporting member
provided with a visible indicating plate. The upper and lower
supporting members move independently of one another and are
supported by a U-shaped fixing member. There is a V-shaped groove
on a side face of the fixing member. The supporting members are
designed to be in a higher position than the V-shaped groove such
that a spring is bent upward into an arc-like shape. When the
device is subjected to a downward G force greater than a
predetermined value, the spring buckles from the upward arc-like
shape to a downward arc-like shape. The ends of the supporting
members also move downward and are maintained in the downward
position by a downward elastic pressing force generated by the
spring portion. In this position, the brightly colored indicating
plate of the lower supporting member is visible through a
transparent window. The indicating plate allows an individual to
confirm that the product has been subjected to a force greater than
a predetermined value. However, the device does not allow someone
to visually confirm to what extent a package or product has been
subjected to a force or shock.
[0006] Other conventional shock force indicating devices are
capable of informing an individual of the extent of shock, however,
they require one to download such information from the device and
therefore, the extent of shock information is not readily
ascertainable upon visual inspection. Therefore, an individual
receiving a package at his home could not visually inspect the
package and immediately make a decision to refuse or accept the
package based on the device. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,285,
issued to Bueche et al, discloses a shock force indicating device
having a signal processing circuit disposed within a housing. The
housing has side walls, a removable end wall, and a connection
face. A plurality of screws couple the end wall with a side wall.
An individual may access the circuit by removing the screws. The
connection face provides a connection to an external sensor
assembly and to a personal computer assembly. The external sensor
assembly has sensor modules that are connected to respective
mounting blocks. The mounting blocks are configured to stack one
atop the other with the block positioned against the connection
face of housing. The device is capable of monitoring impact via an
accelerometer, and also temperature and humidity with alternate
sensors. The sensor and time data must be downloaded onto a PC to
determine the extent of shock on an article. Such information is
not available upon visual inspection and the process for obtaining
such data is very time consuming and often impractical for typical
receiving situations.
[0007] Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,936,523, issued to West,
discloses a device having an acceleration sensor which is capable
of sending an output to a reporting unit and decoder. The reporting
unit monitors a signal from the acceleration sensor for evidence of
excessive acceleration from the mishandling of an article. The
device is also incapable of displaying data as to the extent of
shock to an article by simple visual inspection and requires
time-consuming manipulation of the device.
[0008] Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a shock force
indicating device capable of measuring and displaying the extent of
a shock force to an article.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In view of the deficiencies described above, it is an object
of the present invention to provide a shock force indicating device
capable of measuring and displaying the extent of a shock force to
an article.
[0010] The present invention is a shock force indicating device for
measuring and immediately displaying the extent of a shock force on
an article, such as a package or product, during shipping or other
handling of the article. The shock force indicating device
comprises a base member having a substantially flat top surface. A
top member having a raised portion is disposed in spaced relation
above the base member such that a cavity is formed between the top
member and the base member. A bearing is disposed within the
cavity. The base member may contain an adhesive on a bottom surface
of the base member for attaching the device directly to an article
such as a package. Optionally, the device may be included within or
on a packaged product to measure the extent of a shock force to the
device.
[0011] In one preferred embodiment, the base member and top member
provide a compressing force to the bearing such that the bearing is
held in place until the device is subjected to a shock force
exceeding a predetermined threshold. The bearing has a starting
point, in one embodiment, which is substantially centered in the
plane of the base member within the device between the base member
and the top member. In another embodiment, the bearing is disposed
within an indentation in the base member. When the device is
subjected to a shock force greater than a predetermined threshold,
the bearing will travel a particular distance from its starting
position and will visually identify the extent of the shock
force.
[0012] To visually display the extent of the shock force, there is
a pressure sensitive material disposed on the base member. Movement
of the bearing over the pressure sensitive material provides a
visually identifiable path on the pressure sensitive material which
traces the movement of the bearing when the bearing moves in
response to a shock force to the device. The pressure sensitive
material may be pressure sensitive paper, such as carbon paper, but
is optionally any other suitable material. The base member has
indicating marks which represent a scale with which to measure a
component of a force applied to the device. The indicating marks
may consist of substantially concentric circles. The top member is
transparent for easy viewing of the indicating marks.
[0013] The top member preferably has a substantially flat top
portion or is optionally dome-shaped. When the top member is flat,
substantially the same amount of force moves the bearing the same
distance regardless of its starting point. When the top member is
dome-shaped, the further the bearing is from a starting point
within the device, the greater the amount of shock force which is
necessary to move the bearing a particular distance.
[0014] In one embodiment, the bearing is connected to one end of a
spring while the opposite end of the spring is connected to the
base member. The spring is adapted to allow a predetermined amount
of movement of the bearing when the device is subjected to a shock
force of a particular magnitude. Optionally, the bearing and the
spring are formed from a single piece of an elastic material. In
yet another embodiment, the bearing is connected to one end of an
elastic member while the opposite end of the elastic member is
connected to the base member. The elastic member is adapted to
allow a predetermined amount of movement of the bearing when the
device is subjected to a shock force of a particular magnitude.
[0015] In another embodiment, the bearing is formed from a material
such as graphite which is capable of visually identifying a path
which traces the movement of the bearing when the bearing moves in
response to a shock force to the device. In yet another embodiment,
the base member has a plurality of spaced apart raised ridges. When
the device is subjected to a force, the bearing travels over a
number of the spaced apart ridges. The number of ridges the bearing
travels over corresponds to the extent of the shock force on the
device, and may indicate a cumulative amount of shock.
[0016] In yet another embodiment of the device, a channel narrows
in width along a length of the channel. Within the channel, the
bearing travels a predetermined distance when the device is
subjected to a shock force beyond a predetermined threshold. The
further the bearing is from a starting point within the channel,
the greater the amount of shock force which is necessary to move
the bearing a particular distance.
[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the following detailed description taken in
conjunction with the following drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0019] FIG. 2 is another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0020] FIG. 3 is yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0021] FIG. 4 is yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0022] FIG. 5 is yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0023] FIG. 6 is yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention; and
[0024] FIG. 7 is yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0025] While this invention is susceptible of embodiments in many
different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be
described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention with the
understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an
exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not
intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the
embodiments illustrated.
[0026] The present invention is a shock force indicating device 10
for measuring and immediately displaying the extent of a shock
force on an article, such as a package or product, during shipping
or handling of the article. The device 10 is optionally applied to
the outside of a package via an adhesive backing or other suitable
means. Alternatively, the device 10 is optionally placed inside
packaging with the product or is adhered to the product itself. The
device 10 improves the handling of shipped products or of any other
product requiring careful handling because the device 10 provides
an immediate visual indication of the extent of any mishandling of
the product. Furthermore, the device 10 aids in reducing
administrative costs for businesses because, upon the receipt of a
mishandled package a consumer can immediately refuse the package by
visually inspecting the device 10. The consumer can subsequently
refuse to accept the article rather than receive the article and
subsequently expend both his or her time and administrative time to
facilitate return of the mishandled package.
[0027] The shock force indicating device 10 has a base member 20
having a substantially flat top surface 30. A top member 40 having
a raised portion 50 is disposed in spaced relation above the base
member 20 such that a cavity 60 is formed between the top member 40
and the base member 20. A bearing 70 is disposed within the cavity
60. The top member 40 is preferably mounted on a top of the base
member 20 via an adhesive, but any other means of adjoining the top
member 40 to the base member 20 is used. For example, the device 10
optionally has at least one spring disposed between the base member
20 and the top member 40 at a peripheral edge of the device 10
which provides the necessary compressing force. The device 10 has a
substantially circular perimeter, in some embodiments.
[0028] In one preferred embodiment, the base member 20 and top
member 40 provide a compressing force to the bearing 70 such that
the bearing 70 is held in place until the device 10 is subjected to
a shock force exceeding a predetermined threshold. Preferably, the
bearing 70 has a starting position which is substantially centered
within the plane of the base member 20 between the base member 20
and the top member 40. In another embodiment, the bearing 70 is
disposed within an indentation 75 in the base member 20 which is
preferably substantially centered within the device 10 between the
base member 20 and the top member 40. When the device 10 is
subjected to a shock force greater than a predetermined threshold,
the bearing 70 will travel a particular distance from its starting
point and will visually identify the extent of the shock force.
[0029] In one embodiment, the bearing 70 is connected to a spring
80 on one end of the spring 80 and the opposite end of the spring
80 is connected to the base member 20. Preferably, the spring 80 is
connected to the base member 20 at a point which is substantially
centered within the device 10 between the base member 20 and the
top member 40. The spring 80 is adapted to allow a predetermined
amount of movement of the bearing 70 when the device 10 is
subjected to a force of a particular magnitude. When the shock
force subsides, the spring 80 returns to its starting position. The
bearing 70 and the spring 80 may be formed from a single piece of
an elastic material or any other suitable material having a
memory.
[0030] In yet another embodiment, the bearing 70 is connected to an
elastic member 90 on one end of the elastic member 90 and the
opposite end of the elastic member 90 is connected to the base
member 20. The elastic member 90 is also adapted to allow a
predetermined amount of movement of the bearing 70 when the device
10 is subjected to a shock force of a particular magnitude. When
the shock force subsides, the elastic member 90 may retract back to
its starting position.
[0031] It is understood that the shock indicating device 10 the
present invention is adapted to measure the base component of a
force applied to the device 10. For example, the device 10 is
capable of registering the extent of a shock force in two
directions on an x, y plane of the device 10. It is also understood
that the term "shock force" refers to an impact which causes a
sudden change in velocity or acceleration of the device 10 or of
the article on which the device 10 is placed.
[0032] To visually display the extent of a shock force to the
device 10, a pressure sensitive material 100 is disposed on the
base member 20. Movement of the bearing 70 over the pressure
sensitive material 100 provides a visually identifiable path on the
pressure sensitive material 100 which traces the movement of the
bearing 70 when the bearing 70 moves in response to a shock force
to the device 10. The pressure sensitive material 100 may be
pressure sensitive paper, such as carbon paper, but is optionally
any other suitable material. The base member 20 has indicating
marks 110 which represent a scale with which to measure a component
of a force applied to the device 10. For example, the indicating
marks 110 are optionally 5 G, 10 G, 15 G, 20 G, and 40 G in
concentric circles. The indicating marks 110 may be substantially
concentric circles. The top member 40 is transparent for easy
viewing of the indicating marks 110.
[0033] The top member 40 may have a substantially flat top portion
120 or is optionally dome-shaped 130. When the top member 40 has a
substantially flat top portion 120, substantially the same amount
of force moves the bearing 70 a corresponding equal amount of
distance throughout the device 10. When the top member 40 is
dome-shaped 130, the further the bearing 70 is from its starting
point within the device 10, the greater the amount of shock force
which is necessary to move the bearing 70 a particular distance.
For example, a initial shock force of 10 G may move the bearing 70
twenty millimeters. Due to the dome-shape 130 of the top member 40,
the device 10 may require 20 G of force to move the bearing 70 a
subsequent twenty millimeters.
[0034] In another embodiment, the bearing 70 is formed from a
material which is capable of visually identifying a path on the
base member 20 which traces the movement of the bearing 70 when the
device 10 is subjected to a shock force. Preferably, the bearing 70
is graphite, but may alternatively consist of other suitable
materials.
[0035] In yet another embodiment, a channel 140 is provided which
narrows in width along a length of the channel 140. Within the
channel 140, the bearing 70 travels a predetermined distance when
the device 10 is subjected to a force beyond a predetermined
threshold. The further the bearing 70 is from a starting point
within the channel 140, the greater the force necessary to move the
bearing 70 a particular distance. Preferably, the device 10 further
comprises a mechanism 150 such as a weight having a pivot point 160
which aligns the channel 140 in the direction of the force
component.
[0036] In an alternate embodiment, the base member 30 has a
plurality of spaced apart raised ridges 170. When the device 10 is
subjected to a force, the bearing 70 travels over a number of the
spaced apart ridges 170. The number of ridges 170 the bearing 70
travels over corresponds to the extent of the shock force to the
device 10.
[0037] In yet another embodiment, the present invention includes a
system 180 for visually identifying the extent of a shock force to
the device 10 in multiple directions. The system 180 comprises an
article 190 having at least two non-parallel sides and at least two
shock force indicating devices 10. Each of the devices 10 comprises
a base member 20 having a substantially flat top surface 30 and a
top member 40 having a raised portion 50 in spaced relation above
the base member 20. The base member 20 and top member 40 form a
cavity 60. A bearing 70 is disposed within the cavity 60 and a
pressure sensitive material 100 is disposed on the base member 20.
Movement of the bearing 70 over the pressure sensitive material 100
provides a visually identifiable path on the pressure sensitive
material 100 which traces the movement of the bearing 70 when the
bearing 70 moves in response to a shock force to the device 10. In
the system 180, the devices 10 are placed on the article 190 in
multiple locations such that a force in any direction will register
a base component on at least one of the devices 10. For example,
two devices 10 are optionally placed on a top portion and a side
portion of a standard shipping box such that the devices 10 will
register a base component of a force in at least one of an x, y,
and z direction.
[0038] While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and
described, numerous modifications come to mind without
significantly departing from the spirit of the invention, and the
scope of protection is limited by the scope of he accompanying
claims.
* * * * *