U.S. patent application number 10/605380 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-17 for system and method for a flameless tracer/marker utilizing an electronic light source.
Invention is credited to Gilman, Stewart, Logsdon, Ernest L., Manole, Leon R..
Application Number | 20050034627 10/605380 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34573093 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050034627 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Manole, Leon R. ; et
al. |
February 17, 2005 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A FLAMELESS TRACER/MARKER UTILIZING AN
ELECTRONIC LIGHT SOURCE
Abstract
An electronic light source system is employed to create a
flame-less tracer for a munitions projectile. The electronic light
source system may be positioned in various locations and
combinations of locations on a projectile (e.g., front, back, side,
etc.) to enhance visibility of the projectile during flight. The
electronic light source system provides a light source on the
projectile that is visible to an observer at various viewing angles
throughout the projectile flight without the environmental or
safety issues presented by tracers using pyrotechnic materials.
After assembly, the present system is encapsulated in glass or
clear plastic to G-harden the present system, enabling the present
system to sustain the large loads and stresses induced by gun
launch. The present system may comprise a variety of light sources
such as, for example, lasers, high output light-emitting diodes
(LEDs), strobe lights, etc. The present system is capable of
flashing the light sources at a variety of frequencies (e.g., 5 Hz,
20 Hz, etc.) to further attract the human eye. In addition, the
present system presents the substantial benefit of being able to
project light at various wavelengths outside the visible
spectrum.
Inventors: |
Manole, Leon R.; (Great
Meadows, NJ) ; Gilman, Stewart; (Budd Lake, NJ)
; Logsdon, Ernest L.; (Newton, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
U.S. ARMY TACOM-ARDEC
ATTN: AMSTRA-AR-GCL
BLDG 3
PICATINNY ARSENAL
NJ
07806-5000
US
|
Family ID: |
34573093 |
Appl. No.: |
10/605380 |
Filed: |
September 26, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60320042 |
Mar 24, 2003 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/513 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 12/382
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
102/513 |
International
Class: |
F42B 030/00 |
Goverment Interests
[0002] The inventions described herein may be manufactured, used,
and licensed by, or for the U.S. Government for U.S. Government
purposes.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A flameless tracer utilizing an electronic light source, for use
with a projectile, comprising: at least one G-hardened light source
for emitting a light visible to an observer during a flight of the
projectile; and a power source, connected to the light source, for
selectively providing electrical power to the light source when the
projectile is launched.
2. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the visible light
emitted by the light source comprises any one or more of: a visible
light spectrum; an infrared spectrum; and an ultraviolet
spectrum.
3. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the light source
comprises at least one light-emitting diode.
4. The flameless tracer of claim 1, further comprising a driver
circuit that is electrically connected to the power source and the
light source, for providing a plurality of pulses at different
frequencies and intensities to the light source during the
projectile flight.
5. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the power supply
comprises a setback-activated battery.
6. The flameless tracer of claim 5, wherein the activation of the
setback-activated battery occurs as a result of a high force
applied to the setback-activated battery during the projectile
launch.
7. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the electronic light
source comprises a plurality of miniaturized electronic light
sources.
8. The flameless tracer of claim 7, wherein the plurality of the
miniaturized electronic light sources are suspended in a
gelatin-like substance.
9. The flameless tracer of claim 8, wherein the miniaturized
electronic light sources are dispersed at a target upon impact,
illuminating the target.
10. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the electronic light
source is encased in a substance to harden the electronic light
source for use in a high-force environment.
11. The flameless tracer of claim 1, further comprising a
light-dispersing device that disperses the visible light created by
the light source to enhance visibility of the projectile to the
observer.
12. The flameless tracer of claim 11, wherein the light-dispersing
device comprises a protective cap.
13. The flameless tracer of claim 11, wherein the light-dispersing
device is made of any of a composite or plastic material.
14. The flameless tracer of claim 11, wherein the light-dispersing
device is made of any of a transparent or a translucent
material.
15. The flameless tracer of claim 11, wherein the light-dispersing
device comprises any one or more of a reflector and a mirror.
16. The flameless tracer of claim 11, wherein the light-dispersing
device is made of any of a composite material, a plastic material,
a transparent, or a translucent material, and comprises any one or
more of a reflector and a mirror.
17. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the light source
comprises a plurality of light sources, at least some of light
sources emitting non-visible light that is detectable by an
instrument.
18. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the light source
comprises a plurality of light sources, at least some of light
sources emitting visible light at different wavelengths.
19. The flameless tracer of claim 3, wherein the light-emitting
diode comprises a laser diode.
20. The flameless tracer of claim 1, wherein the projectile
comprises a rear end and a side.
21. The flameless tracer of claim 20, wherein the tracer is
disposed on the rear end of the projectile.
22. The flameless tracer of claim 20, wherein the tracer is
disposed on the side of the projectile.
23. The flameless tracer of claim 20, wherein the tracer is
disposed on the rear end and the side of the projectile.
24. A marker for use with a projectile, comprising: a
light-emitting device; an energy source attached to the
light-emitting device; wherein upon any of a set back, a set
forward, or a spin, the energy source is activated; and wherein the
light-emitting device starts emitting a tracing light upon the
projectile impacting a target.
25. The marker of claim 24, wherein upon the projectile impacting
the target, the projectile shatters, allowing the light emitting
device to be dispersed over the target.
26. The marker of claim 25, wherein the light-emitting device
comprises any one or more of: an LED, a laser diode, a strobe, a
miniature light source, a microminiaturized light source, a
photoelectric diode, a micro-eletrical-mechanical device (MEM).
27. The marker of claim 25, wherein the light-emitting device is
mixed with a sticky substance, wherein upon the projectile
impacting the target, the sticky substance disperses over the
target, causing the light-emitting device to adhere on the
target.
28. The marker of claim 27, wherein the sticky substance is made,
at least in part, of silicone.
29. The marker of claim 24, wherein the projectile is made at least
in part, of a transparent material, allowing the light emitting
device to trace a projectile flight path in addition to marking the
target.
30. The marker of claim 24, wherein the projectile is made at least
in part, of a translucent material, allowing the light emitting
device to trace a projectile flight path in addition to marking the
target.
31. The marker of claim 24, wherein the light-emitting device
comprises any one or more of: a visible light spectrum; an infrared
spectrum; and an ultraviolet spectrum.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of
provisional application 60/320,042, filed Mar. 24, 2003, the entire
file wrapper contents of which provisional application are herein
incorporated by reference as though fully set forth at length.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0003] 1. Field of the Invention
[0004] This invention relates to munitions employed for training
and tactical purposes. More particularly, the present invention
relates to a tracer for small, medium and large caliber ammunition,
mortar and canon caliber ammunition employing an electronic light
source capable of providing flight path trace and site
identification.
[0005] 2. Background of the Invention
[0006] In both military and non-military organizations, training
and tactical exercises commonly employ materials capable of
providing a visible trace of a projectile's trajectory after firing
from a weapon. This visible trace, or tracer, assures that the
projectile has been delivered to its desired target site and that
its flight path has been traced from gun tube to target.
[0007] One requirement for the tracer is that an observer should be
able to see the tracer either during daylight or nighttime. Current
tracer technology employs pyrotechnic compositions comprised of
pyrotechnic materials that burn and create light. These pyrotechnic
compositions are typically loaded into the back end of the
projectile, or round. After the projectile is fired from the
weapon, the tracer ignites and burns creating a visible light that
can be seen as the projectile travels to its target. The observer
and/or gunner can consequently see the trace of the projectile
flight. If necessary, the observer can then adjust the weapon so
that the next round fired can impact the desired target location.
Exemplary pyrotechnic compositions suitable for such purpose are
strontium nitrate, magnesium powder, potassium nitrate, barium
nitrate, and the like.
[0008] Although such conventional methods have met with some degree
of success, workers in the art have encountered certain
difficulties. For example, tracer ammunition has frequently
resulted in fires on training ranges that have been attributed to
energetic material tracers contacting and burning surrounding brush
and other ground material. These fires incur additional costs in
extinguishing the fires and also interrupt training exercise.
Consequently, training exercises may be extended to replace time
lost, thereby incurring additional expense. Furthermore, materials
used in pyrotechnic tracers are environmentally unfriendly. These
materials often pose environmental hazards to training areas as a
result of toxic emissions into the atmosphere and such materials
leaching into ground water. Still further, tracer materials
commonly in use are impact and pressure sensitive. Since
projectiles housing the pyrotechnic materials may be transported,
the nature and explosive properties of these pyrotechnic materials
add significant costs and danger to personnel.
[0009] Tracers have also utilized chemiluminescent materials. The
chemiluminescent materials are similar to conventional
chemiluminescents, however, certain ingredients and manufacturing
techniques were developed to obtain the capability of long duration
(up to several hours for marker application) and high light
intensity tracing and marking capability. The oxalate component
employed is in a liquid (contained in glass vials) and in a
powdered form; when mixed with a liquid peroxide, a non-toxic
slurry is formed that is non-flammable and biodegradable. In
addition, the chemiluminescent can provide a visible or IR light
source. The IR light source provides a stealth capability such that
only soldiers with IR vision equipment can see the trace or
mark.
[0010] Although this technology has proven to be useful, it would
be desirable to present additional improvements. A tracer and
marker design that does not involve a flaming tracer, an
environmentally damaging chemical, the loading of chemicals into a
projectile, or the transporting and handling of projectiles housing
chemicals, pyrotechnics, or energetic materials would be desirable.
Furthermore, a light source that can be adjusted to last for
several seconds up to several months would be desirable. The need
for such a system has heretofore remained unsatisfied.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0011] The present invention satisfies this need, and presents a
system and an associated method (collectively referred to herein as
"the system" or "the present system") for utilizing an electronic
light source in a flameless tracer and/or marker for use in small,
medium and large caliber ammunition. The present system may be
positioned in various locations and combinations of locations on a
projectile (e.g., front, back, side, etc.) and inside a translucent
or transparent projectile to enhance visibility of the projectile
during flight and/or deliver a mark on a target. The goal of the
present system is to provide a light source on or inside the
projectile that is visible to an observer at various viewing angles
throughout the projectile flight without the environmental or
safety issues presented by conventional tracers. Depending on the
need, the light source of the present system could mark a target
with trace of flight, mark a target without trace of flight, or
provide trace without mark. These options are controlled by the
projectile design.
[0012] The present system is environmentally friendly and involves
no chemical mixtures. The present system is not flammable or
explosive, instead relying on a light that is powered by
electricity. The present system comprises a light source, an
optional driver circuit, and a power supply. These components are
equivalent in price to the pyrotechnic materials used in present
flame tracers. The present system is easily configurable to fit a
variety of both tactical and training rounds. After assembly, the
present system is encapsulated in glass or clear plastic or epoxy
if needed to G-harden the present system, enabling the present
system to sustain the large loads and stresses induced by gun
launch. All components used in the present system are available in
electronic stores except for microminiaturized or MEMs components
that are currently being developed for the U.S. Government.
[0013] The present system may comprise a variety of light sources
such as, for example, lasers, high output light-emitting diodes
(LEDs), strobe lights, laser diodes, photo diodes, etc. The present
system is capable of flashing the light sources at a variety of
frequencies (e.g., 5 Hz, 20 Hz, etc.) to further attract the human
eye. The light sources may be purchased at electronic stores at
designated frequency, intensity, and wavelengths. Furthermore, the
present system presents the substantial benefit of being able to
project light at various wavelengths outside the visible spectrum.
Some light sources that may be used by the present system are
available, for example, in infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and
visible wavelengths and at various frequencies. Consequently, the
present system comprising light sources such as IR or UV could be
used in tactical situations such that the tracer and/or marker is
visible only to personnel using IR night vision, UV detectors, etc.
Furthermore, the present system can provide a light source in the
visible wavelengths, allowing troops to see colors that have
specific tactical meaning. In addition, the present system can be
configured to provide a tracer with no mark, a trace with mark, or
no trace but a mark on a target. The configuration is determined by
the need of the soldier using the item.
[0014] The light created by the light source may be focused or
directed in a manner to enhance its visibility to the observer. For
example, a plastic or composite reflective cap, mirror(s), or
reflector(s) in the path of a light beam may intermittently cast a
bright beam to wider angles. Furthermore, the light source may be
placed in different locations on the projectile to enhance
visibility. These and other methods of enhancing the visibility of
the light generated by the present system may be used singly or in
combination in the present system.
[0015] The present system comprises a power source used to provide
power for the tracer or marker light. This power source may
comprise, for example, capacitors, batteries, mechanical
generators, electric gel, or fuel cells. Exemplary mechanical
generators suitable for use in the present system comprise
vibrating impellors, stator impellors, or flywheels. These and
other power sources may be used singly or in combination in the
present system.
[0016] In an alternative embodiment, components of the present
system available in industry may be miniaturized,
microminiaturized, or made into a MEMs to form a miniature or MEMs
flashing light or non-flashing light. These miniature,
microminiaturized, or MEMs lights may be delivered by a projectile
to mark targets, personnel, or areas. Exemplary delivery
projectiles comprise small, medium or large caliber projectiles,
i.e., 60, 81 or 120 mm mortars, 20, 40, 90 mm grenades, 105 or 120
mm tank or 105 to 155 mm artillery ammunition. In addition, if the
projectile is made of a transparent or translucent material these
lights would provide a trace of the flight path of the projectile.
The projectile may carry and deliver to a target dozens, hundreds,
or thousands of miniature flashing lights in a sticky gelatin-like
substance. Upon impact, the sticky gelatin substance would splatter
on the target and disperse the miniature, microminiaturized, or
MEMs flashing light around the target area. The size of the payload
and amount of dispersion may be controlled depending on the
application. These miniature or MEMS lights may cast visible light,
infrared light, UV, or combinations of spectrums to suit the
application.
[0017] The miniature, microminiaturized, or MEMS lights in a
gelatin-like substance may be used, for example, to permit
identification of impact areas. In addition, missiles and smart
munitions that contain infrared or UV seeking sensors can home in
on a target marked by miniature or MEMS lights and thereby guide a
munition to its target. Furthermore, miniature light sources
emitting either visible, infrared, UV light, or a combination of
these spectrums may be delivered by projectiles to illuminate, for
example, caves, equipment, booby traps, enemy vehicles, projectile
impact areas, personnel, etc. In addition, infrared or UV light
sources provided by the miniature or MEMS lights would allow
personnel to look into a cave with infrared or UV (night vision)
detection devices to a much greater depth than previously possible.
Current night detection devices are only capable of detecting
temperature differences. Booby traps that are deeply embedded in a
cave and at the same temperature as the cave would not be detected
by night vision devices unless marked, for example, with a
miniaturized flashing light. Further, flashing miniature or MEMS
lights may be used to direct a unit in battle to concentrate their
projectiles into a marked area. This area would be marked by
visible and/or UV, and/or infrared miniature, microminiaturized, or
MEMS light when dispersed from a projectile. This visual signal is
an effective method to get the attention of soldiers during battle
because battle noise interferes with communication. In this manner,
the fighting unit is more efficient in defeating an enemy.
[0018] As mentioned, a variety of electronic light sources may be
used in the present system to provide a trace to target of the
projectile flight and/or a mark of the target. Exemplary light
sources comprise lasers, high output light-emitting diodes (LEDs),
strobe lights, etc.
[0019] For trace-only applications of the present system, a device
to produce light is constructed of laser diodes, LEDs, strobes,
etc. and fit into the rear or side of the projectile. The device
may be attached to a setback, setforward, or spin activated battery
that activates only when these forces are achieved. Setback is the
force exerted on a projectile as the projectile begins to move when
being fired from a gun. Setback forces are typically extremely high
and have values from 10 to 70,000 G's. Setforward forces are
usually 1-20% of setback. Spin typically exceeds 60
revolutions/minute depending on the ammunition; therefore spin can
typically be initiated only when fired. An alternate embodiment
would use a small battery in a sleeve as a power source and
activation switch. The battery slides in place when setback forces
occur and switches on the light device. The device provides high
intensity light while the projectile travels downrange to provide a
trace to target.
[0020] In addition, the battery may contain the chemicals that
provide electric power in separate compartments separated by a
membrane. When the projectile is fired the membrane breaks and the
projectile spin mixes the chemicals causing the power to be
available to the light source.
[0021] Present systems that provide trace and mark may utilize a
setback battery or battery in a sleeve combined with the
light-emitting source (i.e. LED, miniaturized LED, or MEMS device
with LED) and combined with an optional flashing unit. These
devices are placed inside a transparent or translucent projectile.
Only the part of the projectile that contains the devices needs to
be transparent or translucent. A sticky substance (i.e. silicon
gel) in a container such as glass, plastic vials, plastic bags,
etc. are contained in the projectile to help the devices stick to
and mark a target. The light-emitting devices are also enclosed in
the container. The glass vials may be held apart by a spider to
keep the glass vials from hitting each other and breaking. The
spider is secured to the projectile so that the vials do not break.
If the devices are placed in a plastic bag and the sticky substance
is placed in a plastic bag then the bags are designed to be
extremely tough and will only break when encountering the setback,
setforward, or spin force. These bags are added directly to the
projectile until the projectile is full.
[0022] Upon setback, the setback battery activates and powers the
high intensity light-emitting devices. If a battery in a sleeve is
utilized, the battery slides into position after setback and powers
the light-emitting devices. The vials or bags shatter and the
light-emitting devices mix with the sticky materials. The
light-emitting devices continue to emit a high intensity light
during the projectile flight and provide a trace to target. Upon
projectile impact with the target the plastic projectile breaks and
scatters the sticky light-emitting devices on the target, marking
the target. The sticky material cushions and protects the
light-emitting devices as they scatter on the target and helps them
to adhere to the target. The miniaturized or MEMs LEDs, strobes,
laser diodes, etc. are manufactured to be rugged and to survive the
impact at target. The high intensity devices can provide a visible,
IR, and/or UV high intensity light mark on target. Depending on the
battery, the light can be set to last for a few seconds or up to a
month. The battery does not have to be part of the marking device
when using photo diodes since an energy source such as a laser
directed at the photo diodes from a distance will light up the
photo diodes.
[0023] To provide a mark only, the plastic projectile may be made
of an opaque substance that does not allow the light to pass.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0024] The various features of the present invention and the manner
of attaining them will be described in greater detail with
reference to the following description, claims, and drawings,
wherein reference numerals are reused, where appropriate, to
indicate a correspondence between the referenced items, and
wherein:
[0025] FIG. 1 is comprised of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D and
represents a cutaway view of a large caliber tank projectile
showing various locations of electronic tracers in an electronic
light source system assembly and an optional transparent or
translucent plastic or composite cap that protects the electronic
tracer and helps scatter the light;
[0026] FIG. 2 is comprised of FIGS. 2A and 2B and represents a
cutaway view of a small, medium, and large caliber Kinetic Energy
(KE) projectile showing optional locations for the electronic
tracer, the location of an optional transparent or translucent
plastic or composite cap, and the electronic tracer assembly
attached to the side and rear of the projectile with the protective
cap attached;
[0027] FIG. 3 is comprised of FIGS. 3A and 3B and represents a
cutaway view of a mortar projectile showing optional locations for
the electronic tracer, the location of an optional transparent or
translucent plastic or composite cap, and the electronic tracer
assembly attached to the side and rear of the projectile with the
optional protective cap attached;
[0028] FIG. 4 is comprised of FIGS. 4A and 4B and represents a
cutaway view of a 40 mm projectile 400 showing the location for the
electronic tracer, the location of an optional transparent or
translucent plastic or composite cap, and the electronic tracer
assembly attached to the rear of the 40 mm projectile with the
optional protective cap attached;
[0029] FIG. 5 is comprised of FIGS. 5A and 5B and represents a
cutaway view of an artillery projectile 500 showing optional
locations for the electronic tracer and the location of an optional
transparent or translucent plastic or composite cap, and the
electronic tracer assembly attached to the side and rear of the
projectile with the optional protective cap attached;
[0030] FIG. 6 is a cutaway view of a setback battery or battery in
a sleeve design that may be used as part of the electronic tracer
assembly of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0031] FIG. 7 is a process flow chart illustrating a method of
operation of a setback-activated battery of FIG. 6 for the
electronic tracer of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0032] FIG. 8 is a cutaway view of the electronic tracer attached
to the rear of the projectile representative of the electronic
tracers of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0033] FIG. 9 is a cutaway view of an electronic tracer attached to
the side of the projectile representative of the electronic tracers
of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 5;
[0034] FIG. 10 is a cutaway view of the optional transparent or
translucent plastic or composite cap;
[0035] FIG. 11 is comprised of FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C and
represents a cutaway view of a marker light source device, light
source devices suspended in a sticky medium in a bag, and light
source devices suspended in a sticky medium in glass vials;
[0036] FIG. 12 is comprised of FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C and
represents a cutaway view of a mortar projectile that contains the
miniature, microminiaturized, or MEMS electronic light source
markers in a sticky medium;
[0037] FIG. 13 is comprised of FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C and
represents a cutaway view of a 40 mm projectile, which contains the
miniature, microminiaturized, or MEMS electronic light source
markers in a sticky medium; and
[0038] FIG. 14 is comprised of FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C and
represents a cutaway view of a tank or artillery projectile, which
contains the miniature, microminiaturized, or MEMS electronic light
source markers in a sticky medium.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] FIG. 1 (FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1C) is a cutaway view of a large
caliber tank projectile 100 showing various locations for an
electronic tracer assembly. The electronic tracer assembly that
attaches to the side of the projectile is an electronic tracer
110A. The electronic tracer assembly that attaches to the rear of
the projectile is an electronic tracer 120A.
[0040] A plastic or composite protective cap 130A attaches to the
rear of the projectile. Protective cap 130A scatters the light from
the electronic tracer 120A, enhancing observation of the projectile
in flight. Protective cap 130A may also contain miniature
reflectors or mirrors (not shown) to help scatter the light emitted
by the electronic tracer 120A.
[0041] FIG. 1A is an exploded view of the projectile 100 showing
where the electronic tracers 110A, 120A would be attached. Either
electronic tracer 120A or electronic tracer 110A may be attached to
projectile 100. Alternatively, both electronic tracer 120A and
electronic tracer 110A may be attached to projectile 100 for
optimal visibility by an observer of the in-flight projectile
100.
[0042] FIG. 1B shows the electronic tracer 120A and protective cap
130A attached to the rear of the projectile 100.
[0043] FIG. 1C shows the electronic tracer 110A attached to the
side of the projectile 100.
[0044] FIG. 1D shows the electronic tracer 120A and protective cap
130A attached to the rear of projectile 100 and electronic tracer
110A attached to the side of the projectile 100. Electronic tracer
120A and protective cap 130A may be attached to projectile 100
using either epoxy or a threaded connection (not shown). Electronic
tracer 110A may be attached to projectile 100 using epoxy (not
shown).
[0045] FIG. 2 (FIGS. 2A, 2B) is a cut-away view of a small, medium,
and large caliber in-flight KE projectile 200 (projectile 200).
FIG. 2A is a cut-away exploded view of projectile 200. An
electronic tracer 120B may be attached on the rear of projectile
200. An electronic tracer 110B may be attached to the side of
projectile 200.
[0046] An optional protective cap 130B made of transparent or
translucent plastic or composite material may be attached to the
electronic tracer 120B. The protective cap 130B keeps gun gases and
contaminates away from the electronic tracer 120B. The protective
cap 130B helps to reflect the light in many directions, making it
easier for an observer to see the projectile 200 in flight. The
protective cap 130B may also comprise small mirrors or reflectors
(not shown) to help reflect the light.
[0047] FIG. 2B is a cutaway view showing the electronic tracer 120B
attached to the rear of projectile 200 and the electronic tracer
110B attached to the side of projectile 200. Either electronic
tracer 120B or electronic tracer 110B may be attached to projectile
200. Alternatively, both electronic tracer 120B and electronic
tracer 110B may be attached to projectile 200 for optimal
visibility of the in-flight projectile 200 by an observer.
Electronic tracer 120B and protective cap 130B may be attached to
projectile 200 using either epoxy or a threaded connection (not
shown). Electronic tracer 110B may be attached to projectile 200
using epoxy (not shown).
[0048] FIG. 3 (FIGS. 3A, 3B) is a cut-away view of a mortar
projectile 300 (projectile 300) utilizing electronic tracer 120C
and electronic tracer 110C. FIG. 3A is a cut-away exploded view of
a mortar projectile 300 (projectile 300). Electronic tracer 120C
may be attached on the rear of projectile 300. Electronic tracer
110C may be attached to the side of projectile 300. An optional
protective cap 130C made of transparent or translucent plastic or
composite material may be attached to the electronic tracer
120C.
[0049] The protective cap 130C keeps gun gases and contaminates
away from the electronic tracer 120C. The protective cap 130C helps
to reflect the light in many directions, making it easier for an
observer to see the projectile 300 in flight. The protective cap
130C may also contain small mirrors or reflectors (not shown) to
help reflect the light. FIG. 3B is a cutaway view showing the
electronic tracer 120C attached to the rear of projectile 300 and
electronic tracer 110C attached to the side of projectile 300.
[0050] Either electronic tracer 120C or electronic tracer 110C may
be attached to projectile 300. Alternatively, both electronic
tracer 120C and electronic tracer 110C may be attached to
projectile 300 for optimal visibility of the in-flight projectile
300 by an observer. Electronic tracer 120C and protective cap 130C
may be attached to projectile 300 using either epoxy or threaded
connection (not shown). Electronic tracer 110C may be attached to
projectile 300 using epoxy (not shown).
[0051] FIG. 4 (FIGS. 4A, 4B) is a diagram of a 40 mm projectile 400
(projectile 400) utilizing electronic tracer 120D. 4A is a cut-away
exploded view of projectile 400. Electronic tracer 120D may be
attached on the rear of projectile 400. An optional protective cap
130D made of transparent or translucent plastic or composite
material may be attached to the electronic tracer 120D.
[0052] The protective cap 130D keeps gun gases and contaminates
away from the electronic tracer 120D. The protective cap 130D helps
to reflect the light in many directions, making it easier for an
observer to see the projectile 400 in flight. The protective cap
130D may also contain small mirrors or reflectors (not shown) to
help reflect the light. FIG. 4B is a cutaway view showing the
electronic tracer 120D attached to the rear of projectile 400 and
optional protective cap 130D attached to electronic tracer 120D.
The electronic tracer 120D and protective cap 130D may be attached
to projectile 400 using either epoxy or threaded connection (not
shown).
[0053] FIG. 5A (FIGS. 5A, 5B) is a cut-away view an artillery
projectile 500 (projectile 500) utilizing electronic tracer 120E
and electronic tracer 110E. FIG. 5A is a cut-away exploded view of
projectile 500. Electronic tracer 120E may be attached on the rear
of projectile 500. Electronic tracer 110E may be attached to the
side of projectile 500.
[0054] An optional protective cap 130E made of transparent or
translucent plastic or composite material may be attached to the
electronic tracer 120E. The protective cap 130E keeps gun gases and
contaminates away from the electronic tracer 120E. The protective
cap 130E helps to reflect the light in many directions, making it
easier for an observer to see the projectile 500 in flight.
[0055] The protective cap 130E may also contain small mirrors or
reflectors (not shown) to help reflect the light. FIG. 5B is a
cutaway view showing the electronic tracer 120E attached to the
rear of projectile 500 and electronic tracer 110E attached to the
side of projectile 500. Either the electronic tracer 120E or the
electronic tracer 110E may be attached to projectile 500.
Alternately, both the electronic tracer 120E and the electronic
tracer 110E may be attached to projectile 500 for optimal
visibility of the in-flight projectile 500 by an observer.
Electronic tracer 120E and protective cap 130E may be attached
using either epoxy or threaded connection (not shown). Electronic
tracer 110E may be attached to projectile 500 using epoxy (not
shown).
[0056] FIG. 6 is a cutaway view of a setback-activated battery 600
(also known as battery in a sleeve 600). The setback-activated
battery 600 is readily available on the commercial market. Battery
610 is held in a sleeve 605. Upon setback, set-forward, or spin,
the battery 610 moves until slots 615, 620 engage tabs 645, 650 and
lock the battery 610 in place.
[0057] The terminals 625, 630 contact the terminals 635, 640
providing power to terminals 635, 640. The electronic tracers 120A,
120B, 120C, 120D, 120E and electronic tracers 110A, 110B, 110C,
110E of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (FIGS. 1 through 5) that are
connected to setback-activated battery 600 are now activated and
produce the light needed. Setback force is the force applied to the
projectile upon shot start. Set-forward force is the force that is
exerted on the projectile after it leaves the gun.
[0058] Spin is imparted to the projectile either by rifling in the
gun tube or by the cant angle on the fins of the projectile. The
setback and set-forward forces and spin imparted to projectiles
100, 200, 300, 400, 500 of FIGS. 1 through 5 are substantial;
consequently, battery 610 will not lock into place and provide
power to terminals 635, 640 under normal or rough handling of the
projectiles of FIGS. 1 through 5. Setback-activated battery 600
will only activate when the projectile is fired from the gun.
[0059] Battery 610 may also comprise chemicals common in industry
that are separated by a membrane (not shown). Upon gun launch, the
membrane ruptures and the chemicals mix providing electric power as
needed.
[0060] FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 of operation of the
electronic tracers 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E and electronic
tracers 110A, 110B, 110C, 110E of FIGS. 1 through 5 utilizing a
setback-activated battery 600 as an exemplary power source. Gun
launch occurs at block 701. During high G forces in the
acceleration (setback), slight deceleration (set-forward), or spin,
the chemicals mix in the battery 610 providing electrical power. In
block 702, the battery slides over tabs 645, 650.
[0061] When the tabs 645, 650 line up with the recesses 615, 620 of
chemical battery 610, the battery 610 locks into position as shown
in block 703. The battery terminals 625, 630 of battery 610 contact
the terminals 635, 640 of the sleeve 605 (block 704). In block 705,
power is now supplied to the light producing source such as LEDs,
strobes, laser diodes, etc. or an optional driver circuit. The
light source of the electronic tracers 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E
or electronic tracers 110A, 100B, 110C, 110E now emit light and the
flight of the projectile can be seen.
[0062] An optional driver circuit is commonly available. The
optional driver circuit is only needed if adjustability of the
intensity and flashing frequency of the electronic tracers 120A,
120B, 120C, 120D, 120E or electronic tracers 110A, 100B, 110C, 110E
is desired. Off the shelf commercial light producing LEDs, strobes,
laser diodes, etc. have flashers and intensity controlling devices
already built into their miniaturized products that produce UV,
visible, and IR light at any wavelength needed.
[0063] These light producing items are readily added to the
electronic tracers 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E and electronic
tracers 110A, 100B, 110C, 110E at extremely low cost. Building or
adding the driver circuit is optional since it adds to the cost of
the electronic tracer.
[0064] FIG. 8 is a cutaway view of an electronic tracer 120
representative of the electronic tracers 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D,
120E attached to the rear of projectiles 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 of
FIGS. 1 through 5. The electronic tracer 120 comprises
light-emitting sources 122 such as LEDs, strobes, laser diodes,
etc. that are attached to housing 121A. Electronic tracer 120
comprises a setback-activated battery 600A similar to
setback-activated battery 600 sized to fit this application.
[0065] The optional driver circuit may be placed inside of housing
121A. The light-emitting source 122 may be attached to the housing
121A with epoxy. The leads (not shown) in the back of
light-emitting source 122 contact the terminals 635, 640 of
setback-activated battery 600. After gun launch, power flows from
the terminals 635, 640 to the light-emitting source 122. The
light-emitting source 122 begins operation and emits light,
providing a trace to target from the rear of the projectiles 100,
200, 300, 400, 500 of FIGS. 1 through 5.
[0066] FIG. 9 is a cutaway view of the electronic tracer 110
representative of electronic tracers 110A, 110B, 110C, 110E that is
attached to the side of the projectiles 100, 200, 300, 500 of FIGS.
1, 2, 3, and 5. The electronic tracer 110 comprises light-emitting
sources 122 such as LEDs, strobes, laser diodes, etc. that are
attached to housing 121B. Electronic tracer 110 comprises a
setback-activated battery 600B similar to setback-activated battery
600 sized to fit this application.
[0067] The optional driver circuit may be placed inside of housing
121B if needed. The light-emitting source 110 may be attached to
the housing 121B with epoxy. The leads (not shown) in the back of
light-emitting source contact the terminals 635, 640 of
setback-activated battery 600. After gun launch, power flows from
terminals 635, 640 to the light-emitting source 110. The
light-emitting source 122 begins operation and emits light,
providing a trace to target from the side of the projectiles 100,
200, 300, 500 of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 5.
[0068] FIG. 10 is a cutaway view of the protective cap 130,
representative of protective caps 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D, 130E.
This optional protective cap 130 may be made of transparent or
translucent plastic or composite. The protective cap 130 is
attached to the electronic tracer 120 with epoxy or a threaded
connection (not shown). Miniaturized mirrors or reflectors (not
shown) may be attached to or be part of the protective cap 130 to
help reflect or disperse the light in many directions to help an
observer see the projectile 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 in flight. The
protective cap 130 helps to protect the electronic tracers 120 from
propellant gases and contaminates.
[0069] Another embodiment of a light-emitting source marks targets
by giving off UV, visible, and/or IR light. FIG. 11 (FIGS. 11A,
11B, 11C) is a diagram illustrating the use of a light-emitting
source 122 in a target marking application. FIG. 11A is a cutaway
view of a light-emitting source 122 such as an LED, strobe, laser
diodes, etc. that may be used to mark a target. Light-emitting
source 122 comprises a light-emitting device 123 and
setback-activated battery 600C sized to fit the application.
[0070] Both light-emitting device 123 and setback-activated battery
600C are commonly available in electronic stores and in industry in
miniaturized versions. The U.S. government is currently investing
in microminiaturization of these devices. FIG. 11B is a cutaway
view of package 1210 comprising the light-emitting sources 122
surrounded by a sticky substance 1212 such as silicone liquid or
gel (commonly available in industry).
[0071] Package 1210 is made of a plastic or composite bag 1211 that
holds the light-emitting sources 122 and sticky liquid or gel 1212.
The package 1210 may be placed into projectiles 100, 200, 300, 400,
500 and delivered to the intended target that will be marked. If
the projectile 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 is made of transparent or
translucent material, the light-emitting sources 122 will also
provide a trace to target.
[0072] FIG. 11C is a cutaway view of an alternate containment
system for the light-emitting source 122, package 1220. The
light-emitting source 122 is placed in sealed glass vials 1222
(glass vials are commonly manufactured in industry by melting the
ends of glass tubes) and surrounded by sticky liquid or gel 1212.
The vials are held apart by a plastic or composite spider 1221.
[0073] The amount of light-emitting sources 122 that can be placed
in package 1210 or package 1220 will depend on size of the
projectile and therefore the size of the package 1210 or package
1220. In addition, the size of light-emitting source 122 will
determine how many light-emitting sources 122 can be placed in the
package. Industry manufactured off-the-shelf light-emitting devices
are currently approximately {fraction (1/8)} to 1/2 inch in
length.
[0074] Microminiaturized and MEMS light-emitting sources 122 are
currently being researched and developed for the U.S. government
and will be several orders of magnitude smaller. Eventually the
microminiaturized MEMS sources 122 will be smaller than the eye can
see. Therefore dozens, hundreds and even thousands of the
light-emitting sources 122 will be able to be contained in package
1210 or package 1220.
[0075] FIG. 12 (FIGS. 12A, 12B, 12C) is a cutaway view of a mortar
projectile (mortar 1300). FIG. 12A is a cutaway view of mortar 1300
containing packages 1210 which is surrounded by sticky material
1212. FIG. 12B is a cutaway view of a mortar 1300 containing
package 1220 that is surrounded by sticky material 1212. A side
view of the plastic or composite spider 1221 is shown. The glass
vials 1222 side into and are held apart by holes in the spider.
[0076] FIG. 12C is an exploded cutaway view before assembly of a
mortar 1300 that can carry packages 1210 or package 1220 to the
target to be marked. The mortar 1300 comprised a steel or aluminum
or plastic or composite back end 1315, a transparent or translucent
plastic or composite body 1310, and a plastic or composite nose
1305. Packages 1210 or package 1220 can be placed into the body
1310 and then epoxied or threaded (not shown) to the back end
1315.
[0077] The sticky material 1212 can then be added to the projectile
at the open end on the top of body 1310. The cap 1305 is then
epoxied or threaded (not shown) to the body 1310 to complete the
assembly of mortar 1300. If the user of the mortar 1300 wants a
mark and trace capability then body 1310 and nose 1305 should be
transparent or translucent. A transparent or translucent back end
1315 is optional and would enhance the observation of the tracer.
If the user wants marking with no trace then the back end 1315,
body 1310, and nose 1305 should be made of opaque material or
painted so that light does not come through the projectile during
flight.
[0078] Upon gun launch, the packages 1210 or package 1220 rupture
or shatter allowing the contents comprising the light-emitting
sources 122 and sticky material 1212 to mix. The light-emitting
sources 122 are provided power by setback-activated battery 600C
and begin operation, emitting light. If the projectile is
transparent or translucent, a trace of the flight is seen by an
observer due to the high intensity light from the light-emitting
sources 122. If the project is opaque, there is no trace.
[0079] Upon impact of mortar 1300 with the target, the plastic or
composite of the mortar 1300 shatters and deposits the
light-emitting sources 122 covered with the sticky material 1212
onto the target. The high intensity light from the light-emitting
sources 122 now marks the target in UV and/or visible, and/or IR
light. Soldiers with night vision devices can now see the UV and IR
light. Missiles and smart projectiles equipped with sensors and
seekers set to detect the wavelengths of the light-emitting sources
122 can now see the marked target and travel to it.
[0080] FIG. 13 (FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C) is a cutaway view of a 40 mm
projectile 1400 (projectile 1400). FIG. 13A is a cutaway view of
projectile 1400 containing package 1210 that is surrounded by
sticky material 1212. FIG. 13B is a cutaway view of projectile 1400
containing package 1220 that is surrounded by sticky material
1212.
[0081] FIG. 13C is an exploded cutaway view before assembly of
projectile 1400 that can carry the packages 1210 or package 1220 to
the target to be marked. The projectile 1400 comprises a steel,
aluminum, plastic, or composite back end 1420 and a transparent or
translucent plastic or composite windshield 1410.
[0082] The packages 1210 or package 1220 and sticky material 1212
may be placed into the windshield 1410 and then epoxied or threaded
(not shown) to the back end 1420. If the user of the projectile
1400 wants a mark and trace capability then windshield 1410 may to
be transparent or translucent. If the user wants marking with no
trace then the windshield 1410 should be made of opaque material or
painted so that light does not come through the projectile during
flight.
[0083] Upon gun launch, the containers 1210 or 1220 rupture or
shatter allowing the contents 122 and 1212 to mix. The
light-emitting sources are provided power by setback-activated
battery 600C and begin operation, emitting light. If the projectile
is transparent or translucent, a trace of the flight is seen by an
observer due to the high intensity light from the light-emitting
sources 122.
[0084] If the project is opaque there is no trace. Upon impact of
projectile 1400 with the target, the plastic or composite of the
projectile 1400 shatters and deposits the light-emitting sources
122 covered with the sticky material 1212 onto the target. The high
intensity light from the light-emitting sources 122 now marks the
target in UV, visible, and/or IR light. Soldiers with night vision
devices can now see the UV and IR light. Missiles and smart
projectiles equipped with sensors and seekers set to detect the
wavelengths of the light-emitting sources 122 can now see the
marked target and travel to it.
[0085] FIG. 14 (FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C) is a cutaway view of a tank or
artillery projectile 1500 (projectile 1500). FIG. 14A is a cutaway
view of projectile 1500 containing package 1210 that is surrounded
by sticky material 1212. FIG. 14B is a cutaway view of projectile
1500 containing package 1220 that is surrounded by sticky material
1212.
[0086] FIG. 14C is an exploded cutaway view before assembly of
projectile 1500 that can carry the packages 1210 and package 1220
to the target to be marked. The projectile 1500 comprises a steel,
aluminum, plastic, or composite back end 1530, a transparent or
translucent plastic or composite body 1520 and a plastic or
composite nose 1510 (nose 1510). The package 1210 or package 1220
may be placed into the body 1520 and then epoxied or threaded (not
shown) to the back end 1530.
[0087] The sticky material 1212 can then be added to the projectile
at the open end on the top of body 1520. The nose 1510 is then
epoxied or threaded (not shown) to the body 1520 to complete the
assembly of projectile 1500. If the user of the projectile 1500
wants a mark and trace capability then back end 1530 and body 1520
should be transparent or translucent. If the user wants marking
with no trace then the back end 1530, body 1520 and nose 1510
should be made of opaque material or painted so that light does not
come through the projectile during flight.
[0088] Upon gun launch, the packages 1210 or package 1220 rupture
or shatter allowing the light-emitting source 122 and sticky
material 1212 to mix. The light-emitting sources 122 are provided
power by setback-activated battery 600C and being operation,
emitting light. If the projectile 1500 is transparent or
translucent, a trace of the flight is seen by an observer due to
the high intensity light from the light-emitting sources 122.
[0089] If the projectile 1500 is opaque, there is no trace. Upon
impact of projectile 1500 with the target, the plastic or composite
of the projectile 1500 shatters and deposits the light-emitting
sources 122 covered with the sticky material 1212 onto the target.
The high intensity light from the light-emitting sources 122 now
marks the target in UV, and/or visible, and/or IR light. Soldiers
with night vision devices can now see the UV and/or IR light.
Missiles and smart projectiles equipped with sensors and seekers
set to detect the wavelengths of the light-emitting sources 122 can
now see the marked target and travel to it.
[0090] All drawings are illustrative in nature and do not depict
the actual size or scale of the objects shown. It is to be
understood that the specific embodiments of the invention that have
been described are merely illustrative of certain applications of
the principle of the present invention. Numerous modifications may
be made to system and method for a flameless tracer utilizing
electronic light source invention described herein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
* * * * *