U.S. patent application number 10/945113 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-10 for optical system with wavelength selecting device.
This patent application is currently assigned to Nikon Corporation. Invention is credited to Muratani, Mami, Ohshita, Kouichi.
Application Number | 20050030636 10/945113 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27347943 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050030636 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ohshita, Kouichi ; et
al. |
February 10, 2005 |
Optical system with wavelength selecting device
Abstract
The object is to provide an optical system with a wavelength
selecting device. According to one aspect of the present invention,
an optical system with a wavelength selecting device includes, in
order from an object along an optical axis, an objective optical
system composed of optical elements having refractive power and an
aperture stop, a no-power optical group composed of optical
elements having no refractive power, and an imaging device. The
no-power optical group includes the wavelength selecting device for
making short wavelength light be selectively substantially
non-transparent. The wavelength selecting device preferably
satisfies the predetermined conditional expressions.
Inventors: |
Ohshita, Kouichi; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Muratani, Mami; (Tokyo, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MILES & STOCKBRIDGE PC
1751 PINNACLE DRIVE
SUITE 500
MCLEAN
VA
22102-3833
US
|
Assignee: |
Nikon Corporation
|
Family ID: |
27347943 |
Appl. No.: |
10/945113 |
Filed: |
September 21, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10945113 |
Sep 21, 2004 |
|
|
|
10316917 |
Dec 12, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
359/656 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B 13/146 20130101;
G02B 5/208 20130101; G02B 15/143507 20190801; G02B 27/0018
20130101; G02B 5/22 20130101; G02B 15/145129 20190801; G02B 5/281
20130101; G02B 15/177 20130101; G02B 5/28 20130101; G02B 5/283
20130101; G02B 13/14 20130101; G02B 15/173 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
359/656 |
International
Class: |
G02B 021/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 12, 2001 |
JP |
2001-378795 |
Dec 13, 2001 |
JP |
2001-380637 |
Jun 19, 2002 |
JP |
2002-179148 |
Claims
1-34. (cancelled)
35. An optical system comprising: a plurality of lens elements; and
an optical member having wavelength selecting characteristic; the
optical member being composed of an interference film formed on a
lens surface of the lens elements; and the following conditional
expressions being
satisfied:0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<0.80.degree..ltoreq..vertli-
ne.B.vertline.<13.degree.where .PHI. denotes the effective
diameter of the lens surface, R denotes the radius of curvature of
the lens surface, and B denotes an angle of the principal ray
passing through the lens surface relative to the optical axis at
the lens surface in the air side.
36. The optical system according to claim 35, wherein the following
conditional expression is
satisfied:0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline-
.<18.degree.where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to
the optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
37. The optical system according to claim 35, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
infrared light.
38. The optical system according to claim 35, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
ultraviolet light.
39. The optical system according to claim 35, wherein the optical
member has high transmittance with respect to the visible light,
and substantially low transmittance with respect to both infrared
light and ultraviolet light.
40. An optical system comprising: a plurality of lens elements; and
an optical member having wavelength selecting characteristic; the
optical member being composed of an interference film formed on a
lens surface of the lens elements; the optical system being
composed of a negative lens group and a positive lens group
adjoining to the negative lens group; the negative lens group
including three lens elements of a first negative lens element, a
second negative lens element, and a positive lens element; and the
optical member being formed on the image side surface of the second
negative lens element.
41. The optical system according to claim 40, wherein the following
conditional expressions are
satisfied:0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<-
;0.80.degree..ltoreq..vertline.B.vertline.<10.degree.where .PHI.
denotes the effective diameter of the lens surface, R denotes the
radius of curvature of the lens surface, and B denotes an angle of
the principal ray passing through the lens surface relative to the
optical axis at the lens surface in the air side.
42. The optical system according to claim 40, wherein the following
conditional expression is
satisfied:0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline-
.<18.degree.where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to
the optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
43. The optical system according to claim 40, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
infrared light.
44. The optical system according to claim 40, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
ultraviolet light.
45. The optical system according to claim 40, wherein the optical
member has high transmittance with respect to the visible light,
and substantially low transmittance with respect to both infrared
light and ultraviolet light.
46. An optical system comprising: a plurality of lens elements; and
an optical member having wavelength selecting characteristic; the
optical member being composed of an interference film formed on a
lens surface of the lens elements; the optical system being
composed of a negative lens group and a positive lens group
adjoining to the negative lens group; the positive lens group being
composed of a positive lens element locating to the most object
side of the positive lens group; and the optical member being
formed on the image side surface of the positive lens element.
47. The optical system according to claim 46, wherein the following
conditional expressions are
satisfied:0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<-
;0.60.degree..ltoreq..vertline.B.vertline.<13.degree.where .PHI.
denotes the effective diameter of the lens surface, R denotes the
radius of curvature of the lens surface, and B denotes an angle of
the principal ray passing through the lens surface relative to the
optical axis at the lens surface in the air side.
48. The optical system according to claim 46, wherein the following
conditional expression is
satisfied:0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline-
.<18.degree.where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to
the optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
49. An optical system comprising: a plurality of lens elements; and
an optical member having wavelength selecting characteristic; the
optical member being composed of an interference film formed on a
lens surface of the lens elements; the optical system being
composed of a negative lens group, a fist positive lens group
adjoining to the negative lens group, and a second positive lens
group locating to the most image side of the optical system; and
the optical member being formed on the most image side surface of
the second positive lens group.
50. The optical system according to claim 49, wherein the following
conditional expressions are
satisfied:0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<-
;0.60.degree..ltoreq..vertline.B.vertline.<10.degree.where .PHI.
denotes the effective diameter of the lens surface, R denotes the
radius of curvature of the lens surface, and B denotes an angle of
the principal ray passing through the lens surface relative to the
optical axis at the lens surface in the air side.
51. The optical system according to claim 49, wherein the following
conditional expression is
satisfied:0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline-
.<18.degree.where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to
the optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
52. The optical system according to claim 49, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
infrared light.
53. The optical system according to claim 49, wherein the optical
member has substantially low transmittance with respect to the
ultraviolet light.
54. The optical system according to claim 49, wherein the optical
member has high transmittance with respect to the visible light,
and substantially low transmittance with respect to both infrared
light and ultraviolet light.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0001] The disclosures of the following priority applications are
herein incorporated by reference:
[0002] Japanese Patent Application, No. 2001-378795 filed Dec. 12,
2001,
[0003] Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-380637 filed Dec. 13,
2001, and
[0004] Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-179148 filed Jun. 19,
2002.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] 1. Field of the Invention
[0006] The present invention relates to an optical system with a
wavelength selecting device having high optical performance over
the entire image field suitable for video cameras and electronic
still cameras equipped with a solid state imaging device.
[0007] 2. Related Background Art
[0008] An imaging device such as a solid state imaging device,
which is different from a conventional silver-halide film, has high
sensitivity not only visible light but also infrared light having a
longer wavelength than visible light. Accordingly, in order flare
caused by chromatic aberration of long wavelength light, it is
necessary to cut off light having a long wavelength of 700 nm or
more. So, in conventional video cameras and electronic still
cameras using an imaging device such as a solid state imaging
device, an infrared-cut filter for cutting off infrared light
having a wavelength of 700 nm or more has been arranged at an
object side of the imaging device.
[0009] With the diffusion of video cameras and electronic still
cameras, these cameras are demanded to be compact and light
weighted. On the other hand, with getting a pixel of an imaging
device such as a solid state imaging device finer and denser year
by year, optical performance is demanded to be higher.
[0010] Since an aspherical lens can be used freely with recent
increase of aspherical surface manufacturing technology, it becomes
easy to correct monochromatic aberration such as spherical
aberration and coma. So, with increasing optical performance, the
optical system can be compact and light weighted by reducing the
number of lens elements.
[0011] On the other hand, chromatic aberration cannot be
satisfactory corrected without increasing the number of lens
elements. So, it is not possible to improve optical performance.
Accordingly, chromatic performance of an optical system. In
particular, since the light from violet to ultraviolet is liable to
be conspicuous, how to suppress this chromatic aberration is the
key point to make the optical system have high optical performance.
An optical system using the extra-low dispersion glass, fluorite,
or the like has been known as a solution. However, since these
glass materials have low refractive index, it is liable to incur
increase in the thickness of lens and in the number of lens
elements. As a result, not only the optical system becomes large,
but also it becomes difficult to lower the cost because the
material is expensive.
[0012] As an alternative way to reduce chromatic aberration in the
optical system, it is thought that an ultraviolet-cut filter for
removing the most conspicuous range of ultraviolet ray (340 nm to
420 nm) as a chromatic aberration is equipped with the optical
system. Wherever it is arranged, the total lens length increases by
the amount of the thickness of the filter and an increase in the
cost is inevitable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present invention is made in view of the aforementioned
problems and has an object to provide having inconspicuous
chromatic aberration and high optical performance over the entire
image field suitable for video cameras and electronic still cameras
equipped with a solid state imaging device and being low
manufacturing cost, compact, and light weighted.
[0014] According to one aspect of the first embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system with a wavelength selecting
device includes, in order from an object along an optical axis, an
objective optical system composed of optical elements having
refractive power and an aperture stop, a no-power optical group
composed of optical elements having no refractive power, and an
imaging device. The no-power optical group includes the wavelength
selecting device which is, with respect to short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent. The wavelength selecting
device SC satisfies the following conditional expression (1):
390<.lambda..sub.V50<430 (1)
[0015] where .lambda..sub.V50 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
short wavelength light of whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device is 50%.
[0016] In one preferred embodiment, the wavelength selecting device
SC is an absorption filter which absorbs short wavelength light and
is, with respect substantially non-transparent. It is desirable to
satisfy the following conditional expression (2):
10<.lambda..sub.V80-.lambda..sub.V10<40 (2)
[0017] where .lambda..sub.V10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) the
short wavelength light whose transmittance through the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%, and .lambda..sub.V80 denotes the
wavelength (unit: nm) of the short wavelength light whose
transmittance through the wavelength selecting device SC is
80%.
[0018] In one preferred embodiment, the wavelength selecting device
SC is an interference filter which is, with respect to the short
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent by an
interference film UVC arranged on a surface of an optical element
in the no-power optical group PL. The following conditional
expression (3) is preferably satisfied:
D/PY<1.1.times.10.sup.2 (3)
[0019] where D denotes an air-reduced optical path length (unit:
mm) from the position of the interference film UVC to the imaging
device I, P denotes the pitch (unit: mm) of a pixel of the imaging
device I measured in the shortest direction, and Y denotes the
diagonal length (unit: mm) of the imaging device I.
[0020] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expression (4) is preferably satisfied:
.vertline.Y/P.sub.0.vertline.<0.55 (4)
[0021] where P.sub.0 denotes the position of the exit pupil of the
objective optical system OB measured from the most object side
optical surface of the no-power optical group PL (unit: mm,
positive in the image direction).
[0022] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expression (5) is preferably satisfied:
5<.lambda..sub.V90-.lambda..sub.V10<40 (5)
[0023] where .lambda..sub.V90 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the short wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 90%.
[0024] In one preferred embodiment, the wavelength selecting device
SC transmits only useful visible light and is, with respect to the
long wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent.
It is desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression
(6):
650<.lambda..sub.R10<750 (6)
[0025] where .lambda..sub.R10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the long wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%.
[0026] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expression (7) is preferably satisfied:
5<.lambda..sub.R10-.lambda..sub.R80<60 (7)
[0027] where .lambda..sub.R80 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the long wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 80%.
[0028] In one preferred embodiment, the wavelength selecting device
SC preferably has the function of cutting off a higher spatial
frequency than the resolution limit of the imaging device I.
[0029] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expressions (8) and (9) are preferably satisfied:
D.sub.L/Y<0.2 (8)
D.sub.L>0.5 (9)
[0030] where DL denotes the thickness (unit: mm) along the optical
axis of the wavelength selecting device having the function of
cutting off a higher spatial frequency than the resolution limit of
the imaging device I.
[0031] In one preferred embodiment, the wavelength selecting device
SC preferably has a function of protecting the surface of the
imaging device I.
[0032] According to another aspect of the first embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system with a wavelength selecting
device includes, in order from an object along the optical axis, an
objective optical system composed of an optical element having
refractive power and an aperture stop, a no-power optical group
composed of optical elements having no refractive power, and an
imaging device. The no-power optical group includes a wavelength
selecting device which is, with respect to short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent. The wavelength selecting
device is an interference filter which is, with respect to the
short wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent
by the interference film formed only on the surface of the no-power
optical group.
[0033] In one preferred embodiment, it is desirable that the
optical element locating at the most image side of the objective
optical system OB has positive refractive power.
[0034] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expression (10) is preferably satisfied:
.lambda..sub.V50D/PY<4.5.times.10.sup.4 (10).
[0035] According to one aspect of the second embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system includes a plurality of lens
elements, and an optical member having wavelength selecting
characteristic. The optical member is composed of an interference
film formed on a lens surface of the lens elements. The following
conditional expressions are preferably satisfied;
0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<0.8
0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.B.vertline.<13.degree.
[0036] where .PHI. denotes the effective diameter of the lens
surface, R denotes the radius of curvature of the lens surface, and
B denotes an angle of the principal ray passing through the lens
surface relative to the optical axis at the lens surface in the air
side.
[0037] In one preferred embodiment, the following conditional
expression is preferably satisfied;
0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline.<18.degree.
[0038] where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to the
optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
[0039] In one preferred embodiment, the optical member may have any
one of those characteristics that having substantially low
transmittance with respect to the infrared light, that having
substantially low transmittance with respect to the ultraviolet
light, or that having high transmittance with respect to the
visible light and substantially low transmittance with respect to
both infrared light and ultraviolet light.
[0040] According to another aspect of the second embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system includes a plurality of lens
elements and an optical member having wavelength selecting
characteristic. The optical member is composed of an interference
film formed on a lens surface of the lens elements. The optical
system is composed of a negative lens group and a positive lens
group adjoining to the negative lens group. The negative lens group
includes three lens elements of a first negative lens element, a
second negative lens element, and a positive lens element. The
optical member is formed on the image side surface of the second
negative lens element.
[0041] According to another aspect of the second embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system includes a plurality of lens
elements and an optical member having wavelength selecting
characteristic. The optical member is composed of an interference
film formed on a lens surface of the lens elements. The optical
system is composed of a negative lens group and a positive lens
group adjoining to the negative lens group. The positive lens group
is composed of a positive lens element locating to the most object
side of the positive lens group. The optical member is formed on
the image side surface of the positive lens element.
[0042] According to another aspect of the second embodiment of the
present invention, an optical system includes a plurality of lens
elements and an optical member having wavelength selecting
characteristic. The optical member is composed of an interference
film formed on a lens surface of the lens elements. The optical
system is composed of a negative lens group, a fist positive lens
group adjoining to the negative lens group, and a second positive
lens group locating to the most image side of the optical system.
The optical member is formed on the most image side surface of the
second positive lens group.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 1 of a first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0044] FIG. 2 graphically shows various aberrations of an objective
optical system OB in the optical system according to Examples 1 and
2 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state W.
[0045] FIG. 3 graphically shows various aberrations of the
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Examples 1 and 2 of the first embodiment in the telephoto end state
T.
[0046] FIG. 4 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the wide-angle
end state W of the optical system together with the
lateral-chromatic-aberration-removing effect of a wavelength
selecting device SC according to Example 1 of the first
embodiment.
[0047] FIG. 5 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the telephoto end
state T of the optical system together with the
lateral-chromatic-aberration-removing effect of the wavelength
selecting device SC according to Example 1 of the first
embodiment.
[0048] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing periodical ghost images on the
imaging device I generated between the interference film UVC
surface of the wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging
device I caused by transmitting light and reflecting light at the
interference film of the wavelength selecting device.
[0049] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing interference caused by the
minute periodical pattern on the surface of the imaging device
I.
[0050] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing mechanism of the periodical
ghost images generated between the interference film UVC surface of
the wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging device I caused
by transmitting light and reflecting light at the interference film
of the wavelength selecting device.
[0051] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing mechanism of suppressing the
periodical ghost images by using the absorption filter IRCF, the
ghost images being generated between the interference film IRC
surface of the wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging
device I caused by transmitting light and reflecting light at the
interference film IRC and the absorption filter IRCF of the
wavelength selecting device SC.
[0052] FIG. 10 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC
according to Example 1 of the first embodiment of the present
invention which is, with respect to short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent.
[0053] FIG. 11 graphically shows an overall spectral transmittance
of the absorption filter IRCF and the interference film IRC which
are, with respect to long wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, according to Example 1 of the first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0054] FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 2 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0055] FIG. 13 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the wide-angle
end state W of the optical system according to Example 2 of the
first embodiment.
[0056] FIG. 14 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the telephoto end
state T of the optical system according to Example 2 of the first
embodiment.
[0057] FIG. 15 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC
according to Example 2 of the first embodiment of the present
invention, which film UVC is, with respect to short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent.
[0058] FIG. 16 graphically shows an overall spectral transmittance
of the absorption filter IRCF which is, with respect to long
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent,
according to Example 2 of the first embodiment of the present
invention.
[0059] FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 3 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0060] FIG. 18 graphically shows various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Examples 3 and 4 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end
state W.
[0061] FIG. 19 graphically shows various aberrations of the
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Examples 3 and 4 of the first embodiment in the telephoto end state
T.
[0062] FIG. 20 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the wide-angle
end state W of the optical system according to Examples 3 and 4 of
the first embodiment.
[0063] FIG. 21 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the telephoto end
state T of the optical system according to Examples 3 and 4 of the
first embodiment.
[0064] FIG. 22 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC
according to Example 3 of the first embodiment of the present
invention, which film UVC is, with respect to short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent.
[0065] FIG. 23 graphically shows an overall spectral transmittance
of the absorption filter IRCF and the interference film IRC which
are, with respect to long wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, according to Example 3 of the first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0066] FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 4 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0067] FIG. 25 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
absorption filter UVCF of the wavelength selecting device SC, which
is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, according to Example 4 of the first
embodiment of the present invention in.
[0068] FIG. 26 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film IRC which is, with respect to long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent, according to
Example 4 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0069] FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 5 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0070] FIG. 28 graphically shows various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 5 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state
W.
[0071] FIG. 29 graphically shows various aberrations of the
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 5 of the first embodiment in the telephoto end state T.
[0072] FIG. 30 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the wide-angle
end state W of the optical system according to Example 5 of the
first embodiment.
[0073] FIG. 31 graphically shows lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the telephoto end
state T of the optical system according to Example 5 of the first
embodiment.
[0074] FIG. 32 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC which
is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, according to Example 5 of the first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0075] FIG. 33 graphically shows an overall spectral transmittance
of the absorption filter IRCF and the interference film IRC which
are, with respect to long wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, according to Example 5 of the first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0076] FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 6 of a second embodiment of the present
invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto end state
T.
[0077] FIG. 35 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 7 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
[0078] FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 8 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
[0079] FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 9 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0080] [First Embodiment]
[0081] At first, a first embodiment of the present invention having
a wavelength selecting device, precisely described later, is
explained below with reference to accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is
a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of an optical system
according to Example 1 of a first embodiment of the present
invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto end state
T. Various aberrations of the objective optical system OB according
to Example 1 of a first embodiment in the wide-angle end state and
in the telephoto end state are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,
respectively. As is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, monochromatic
aberrations are satisfactorily corrected, but lateral chromatic
aberration is somewhat remained. This lateral chromatic aberration
written in the form relative to the wavelength is shown in FIGS. 4
and 5. According to the graphs, since a large amount of lateral
chromatic aberration is produced in a short wavelength side, if
this portion of aberration can be removed, the same effect as the
major portion of chromatic aberration is removed can be obtained
consequently.
[0082] In order to remove a short wavelength light, a wavelength
selecting device SC which is, with respect to short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent is arranged in a
no-power optical group PL located between the objective optical
system OB and the imaging device I. Here, substantially
non-transparent means that the transmittance is substantially 0%.
Accordingly, the short wavelength light coming out from-the
objective optical system OB can be removed by the no-power optical
group PL. The shortest wavelength of the light to be removed is
sufficient at 340 nm because glass materials naturally transmit a
light merely longer than 340 nm.
[0083] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to the first embodiment of the present invention
includes, in order from an object along the optical axis, an
objective optical system OB having optical elements with refractive
power and an aperture stop, a no-power optical group PL composed of
no-power optical elements, and an imaging device I. The no-power
optical group PL has the wavelength selecting device SC which is,
with respect to short wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent. The wavelength selecting device SC preferably
satisfies the following conditional expression (1):
390<.lambda..sub.V50<430 (1)
[0084] where .lambda..sub.V50 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the short wavelength light whose transmittance of wavelength of the
wavelength selecting device SC is 50%.
[0085] Conditional expression (1) defines an appropriate range of
characteristic of the wavelength selecting device SC which is, with
respect to short wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent. When the value .lambda..sub.V50 exceeds the upper
limit of conditional expression (1), in order to suppress lateral
chromatic aberration of the light from violet to ultraviolet which
is liable to be conspicuous, the light wavelengths not only from
violet to ultraviolet but also blue may be removed. As a result,
the light transmitting through the wavelength selecting device SC
and being detected by the imaging device I cannot properly
reproduce the color because the light loses blue light among the
three primary colors of blue, green and red, which are
indispensable for color reproduction. So, an optical system with
high optical performance cannot be obtained. On the other hand,
when the value .lambda..sub.V50 falls below the lower limit of the
conditional expression (1), in order to suppress lateral chromatic
aberration of the light from violet to ultraviolet which is liable
to be conspicuous, the light from violet to ultraviolet cannot be
sufficiently removed by the wavelength selecting device SC.
Accordingly, an optical system with high optical performance cannot
be accomplished.
[0086] Moreover, according to the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC is an absorption
filter which absorbs short wavelength light and is, with respect to
short wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent.
It is desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression
(2):
10<.lambda..sub.V80-.lambda..sub.V10<40 (2)
[0087] where .lambda..sub.V10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the short wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%, and .lambda..sub.V80 denotes the
wavelength (unit: nm) of the short wavelength light whose
transmittance of the wavelength selecting device SC is 80%.
[0088] In an absorption filter, when the optical path length of the
medium composing the absorption filter changes, the wavelength of
the light to be absorbed changes in accordance with the change in
the optical path length.
[0089] In the no-power optical group, when a light substantially
parallel to the optical axis is incident to the no-power optical
group, the optical path length is substantially the same regardless
of the distance from the optical axis.
[0090] Accordingly, if the absorption filter is made to be no-power
optical element, the optical path length of the light incident to
the absorption filter substantially parallel to the optical axis
can be made substantially the same regardless of the distance from
the optical axis. As a result, the optical characteristics of the
light to be absorbed by the absorption filter can be substantially
the same regardless of the distance from the optical axis.
[0091] In video cameras and electronic still cameras using an
imaging device such as a solid state imaging device, the position
of the exit pupil of the objective optical system OB is located far
from the image plane in accordance with the requirement of the
optical characteristics of the solid state imaging device. In other
words, the light come out from the objective optical system OB
becomes substantially parallel to the optical axis.
[0092] As described above, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, it is desirable that the absorption filter as the
wavelength selecting device SC is located between the objective
optical system OB and the imaging device I. Accordingly, in the
first embodiment, characteristics of the light incident to the
center of the imaging device I and that to the periphery of the
imaging device I are made to be uniform, and the light incident to
the imaging device I is made to have the uniform characteristics
all over the image field, so that the optical system is made to
have high optical performance.
[0093] Conditional expression (2) defines an appropriate range of
the characteristics of the absorption filter as the wavelength
selecting device SC. When the value
.lambda..sub.V80-.lambda..sub.V10 exceeds the upper limit of
conditional expression (2), the shape of the graph showing
absorption characteristic of the absorption filter shows that the
amount of absorption gradually increases as the wavelength becomes
shorter. Accordingly, under the conditional expression (1),
transmittance in the short wavelength side becomes relatively
large, so that the light from violet to ultraviolet cannot be
sufficiently removed by the wavelength selecting device SC.
Moreover, transmittance in the long wavelength side becomes
relatively small, in other words, a portion of blue light may be
removed. Accordingly, proper color reproduction cannot be carried
out because the light loses a portion of blue light among the three
primary colors of blue, green and red, which are indispensable for
color reproduction. So, an optical system with high optical
performance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, the value
.lambda..sub.V80-.lambda..sub.V- 10 falls below the lower limit of
the conditional expression (2), the shape of the graph showing
absorption characteristic of the absorption filter shows that the
absorption increases quickly as the wavelength becomes shorter.
However, an absorption filter having such characteristic is
difficult to manufacture. As a result, because of the manufacturing
cost, the purpose of the first embodiment of the present invention
to provide a low cost optical system cannot be accomplished.
[0094] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC is an interference
filter which is selectively substantially non-transparent with
respect to the short wavelength light by an interference film UVC
arranged on a surface of an optical element in the no-power optical
group PL. The following conditional expression (3) is preferably
satisfied:
D/PY<1.1.times.10.sup.2 (3)
[0095] where D denotes an air-reduced optical path length (unit:
mm) from the position of the interference film UVC to the imaging
device I, P denotes the pitch (unit: mm) of a pixel of the imaging
device I measured in the shortest direction, and Y denotes the
diagonal length (unit: mm) of the imaging device I.
[0096] The interference filter is manufactured by forming an
interference film on a surface of an optical element by means of
evaporation. The interference filter can control the ratio of
transmission to reflection wavelength by wavelength by transmitting
a predetermined wavelength of light and reflecting the wavelength
of light other than the predetermined one. In comparison with the
absorption filter absorbing light in accordance with the
wavelength, the interference filter differs in reflecting light in
accordance with the wavelength, but the two are the same at this
point that transmit light in accordance with the wavelength. From
the point of selecting wavelength, the two have the same
effect.
[0097] Because of its manufacturing method of evaporation, when the
film-forming surface has a curvature, the characteristic of the
interference filter becomes different between the center and the
periphery of the surface. Accordingly, the surface on which the
interference film UVC is formed is preferably a plane having no
power.
[0098] Moreover, since the interference filter obtains the
characteristics by optical interference due to thin films, the
characteristics of the interference filter theoretically differ
between normal incidence and oblique incidence of the light.
Accordingly, in order to obtain uniform characteristics all over
the image field, it is desirable that the incident angle to the
interference filter of the on-axis ray is substantially the same as
that of off-axis ray. In order to realize this, it is desirable
that the on-axis ray and the off-axis ray are substantially
parallel to the optical axis.
[0099] As described above, in video cameras and electronic still
cameras having an imaging device such as a solid state imaging
device, the ray coming out from the objective optical system OB is
almost parallel to the optical axis.
[0100] Therefore, in the first embodiment of the present invention,
it is preferable that an interference filter as the wavelength
selecting device SC is arranged at the no-power optical group PL
locating between the objective optical system OB and the imaging
device I. Accordingly, in the first embodiment, characteristics of
the light incident to the center of the imaging device and that to
the periphery of the imaging device are made to be uniform, and the
light incident to the imaging device I is made to have the uniform
characteristics all over the image field, so that the optical
system is made to have high optical performance.
[0101] Then, regarding ghost images accompanying with the
interference filter, the following three cases of wavelength are
explained.
[0102] Light having the first wavelength is the light reflected by
the interference filter without transmitting therethrough. The
light with the wavelength is reflected to the object side by the
surface formed the interference film UVC (hereinafter called an
interference film surface). It can be thought that the reflected
light is reflected again by the lens surface located to the object
side of the film to be become a ghost light. However, since this
light has the wavelength because of which the light cannot actually
transmit through the interference film surface, the light does not
reach the imaging device I.
[0103] Light having the second wavelength is the light transmitting
through the interference film substantially not being reflected
thereby. Since the light is substantially not reflected by the
interference film surface, the light does not cause a ghost
image.
[0104] Light having the third wavelength is the light having a
wavelength between the two wavelengths described above (that is,
the light reflected by the interference film with not transmitting
through the interference film and the light transmitting through
the interference film not reflected substantially), in other words,
the third wavelength light is the light reflected by and
transmitting through the interference film. This light may produce
periodic ghost images as shown in FIG. 6 between the wavelength
selecting device SC and the imaging device I. By the way, FIG. 6 is
a diagram showing periodical ghost images on the imaging device I
generated between the interference film UVC surface of the
wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging device I. The
periodical ghost images are produced because a ghost image is
originally liable to be produced between the interference film
surface and the imaging device since the reflectivity of the
imaging device I is high and the reflectivity of the interference
film surface is high with respect to this wavelength; and because
the surface of the imaging device I has a minute periodical pattern
as shown in FIG. 7. At this point, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing
interference caused by the minute periodical pattern on the surface
of the imaging device I. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing mechanism of
the periodical ghost images generated between the interference film
surface UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging
device I caused by the transmitting light and the reflected light
at the interference film of the wavelength selecting device.
[0105] The mechanism to generate periodical ghost images is
explained below. The light coming out from the object having this
wavelength (the light reflected by and transmitting through the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC) is
incident to the no-power optical group PL having the wavelength
selecting device SC through the objective optical system OB. Then,
the light having this wavelength partially transmits through the
interference film UVC formed on the wavelength selecting device SC
to be incident to the imaging device I. Since the surface of the
imaging device I has the minute periodic pattern as shown in FIG.
7, the light incident to the imaging device I is not only regularly
reflected on the surface but also reflected in the direction
forming the optical path difference of n.lambda. (n: integer,
.lambda.: wavelength) caused by interference. The light reflected
in the direction forming the optical path difference of n.lambda.
is partially reflected on the interference film UVC of the
wavelength selecting device SC to be incident to the imaging device
I again as shown in FIG. 8. However, since the light incident to
the imaging device I is discrete, the resultant image becomes ghost
images having periodical pattern (periodical ghost images).
[0106] Conditional expression (3) defines an appropriate range of
the position where the interference film UVC is arranged in order
to prevent periodical ghost images from becoming conspicuous. When
the ratio D/PY exceeds the upper limit of conditional expression
(3), coherent length becomes excessively longer than that under
conditional expression (1), so that the intensity of periodical
ghost images becomes excessively strong. Moreover, the periodical
ghost images becomes so large relative to the size of the image
frame, so that the image becomes dirty. As a result, the purpose of
the first embodiment of the present invention which is to provide
an optical system with high optical performance cannot be
accomplished.
[0107] In addition, it is more preferable that the lower limit of
the conditional expression (3) is set to 2.times.10. When the ratio
D/PY falls below the lower limit of conditional expression (3), the
surface of the optical element on which the interference film UVC
is formed comes near to the imaging device I, so that dust or the
like stuck on the interference film is liable to cast the shadow on
the imaging device I. Accordingly, since the shadow of dust or the
like is liable to be imaged, it becomes difficult to obtain high
image quality. As a result, the purpose of the first embodiment of
the present invention which is to provide an optical system with
high optical performance cannot be accomplished.
[0108] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expression (4) is preferably
satisfied:
.vertline.Y/P.sub.0.vertline.<0.55 (4)
[0109] where Y denotes the diagonal length (unit: mm) of the
imaging device I, and P.sub.0 denotes the position of the exit
pupil of the objective optical system OB measured from the most
object side optical surface of the no-power optical group PL (unit:
mm, positive in the image direction).
[0110] Conditional expression (4) defines an appropriate range of
the position of the exit pupil of the objective optical system OB.
When the ratio .vertline.Y/P0.vertline. exceeds the upper limit of
conditional expression (4), the off-axis ray incident to the
no-power optical group PL having the wavelength selecting device SC
forming the interference film UVC locating to the exit side of the
objective optical system becomes excessively non-parallel to the
optical axis. Accordingly, the characteristics of the interference
film becomes largely different between on-axis ray and off-axis ray
as described above, so that uniform characteristics cannot be
obtained all over the image frame. As a result, the purpose of the
first embodiment of the present invention to provide an optical
system with high optical performance cannot be accomplished.
[0111] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expression (5) is preferably
satisfied:
5<.lambda..sub.V90-.lambda..sub.V10.ltoreq.40 (5)
[0112] where .lambda..sub.V10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the short wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%, and .lambda..sub.V90 denotes the
wavelength (unit: nm) of the short wavelength light whose
transmittance of the wavelength selecting device SC is 90%.
[0113] Conditional expression (5) defines an appropriate range of
characteristics of the interference filter as the wavelength
selecting device SC. When the value
.lambda..sub.V90-.lambda..sub.V10 exceeds the upper limit of
conditional expression (5), the shape of the graph sowing
transmittance characteristic of the interference filter shows that
the transmittance gradually decreases to the short wavelength side.
Accordingly, under the conditional expression (1), transmittance in
the short wavelength side becomes relatively large, so that the
light from violet to ultraviolet cannot be sufficiently removed by
the wavelength selecting device SC. Moreover, transmittance in the
long wavelength side becomes relatively small, in other words, a
portion of blue light may be removed. Accordingly, proper color
reproduction cannot be carried out because the light looses a
portion of blue light among the three primary colors of blue, green
and red, which are indispensable for color reproduction. So, an
optical system with high optical performance cannot be obtained. On
the other hand, the value .lambda..sub.V90-.lambda..sub.V- 10 falls
below the lower limit of the conditional expression (5), the shape
of the graph showing transmittance characteristic of the
interference filter shows that the transmittance increases quickly
to the short wavelength side. However, an interference filter
having such characteristic requires an excessively large number of
films to increase manufacturing cost. As a result, because of the
manufacturing cost, the purpose of the first embodiment of the
present invention which is to provide a low cost optical system
cannot be accomplished.
[0114] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC transmits only useful
visible light and is selectively substantially non-transparent with
respect to the long wavelength light. It is desirable to satisfy
the following conditional expression (6):
650<.lambda..sub.R10<750 (6)
[0115] where .lambda..sub.R10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the long wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%.
[0116] An effect for transmitting only a useful visible light by
making selectively substantially non-transparent with respect to
the long wavelength light, in other words, an effect of an
infrared-cut filter is added to the wavelength selecting device SC
which is selectively substantially non-transparent with respect to
the short wavelength light, so that the number of optical elements
can be reduced by one in comparison with the case that an
infrared-cut filter is arranged separately. Accordingly, it is
possible to accomplish low cost and compactness.
[0117] Conditional expression (6) defines an appropriate range of
the effect of the infrared-cut filter. When the value
.lambda..sub.R10 exceeds the upper limit of conditional expression
(6), the infrared-cut filter transmits the major part of infrared
light. Accordingly, excellent color reproduction or removal of
flare caused by chromatic aberration of the infrared light cannot
be accomplished. On the other hand, when the value .lambda..sub.R10
falls below the lower limit of the conditional expression (6), a
portion of red light is removed. As a result, the light transmitted
through the wavelength selecting device SC and received by the
imaging device I loses a portion of red light. Accordingly, proper
color reproduction cannot be carried out because the light loses a
portion of red light among the three primary colors of blue, green
and red, which are indispensable for color reproduction. So, an
optical system with high optical performance cannot be
obtained.
[0118] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably includes,
in a body or integrally an absorption filter IRCF which transmits
only useful visible light and, with respect to the long wavelength
light, is selectively substantially non-transparent and an
interference film IRC which transmits only useful visible light and
is, with respect to the long wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent. The interference film IRC is located
to the object side of the absorption filter IRCF. The
above-described conditional expression (6) is preferably
satisfied.
[0119] As described above, by adding an absorption filter IRCF
which transmits only useful visible light and is, with respect to
the long wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent and an interference film IRC which transmits only
useful visible light and is, with respect to the long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent, to the wavelength
selecting device SC which is, with respect to the short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent, in other words,
since an infrared-cut filter and an infrared-cut interference film
are added to the wavelength reflecting device SC, the number of
optical elements can be reduced by one in comparison with the case
that an infrared-cut filter is arranged separately. Accordingly, it
is possible to accomplish low cost and compactness.
[0120] When the effect for transmitting only useful visible light
by making selectively substantially non-transparent with respect to
the long wavelength light is to be obtained by only the
interference film IRC, periodical ghost images are generated
between the interference film IRC and the imaging device I, so that
an optical system with high optical performance cannot be
accomplished for the same reason as above-described regarding the
interference film UVC of the interference filter which is
selectively substantially non-transparent with respect to the short
wavelength light. As shown in FIG. 9, it is desirable that the
interference film IRC is arranged to the object side of the
absorption filter IRCF. The arrangement makes it possible to
suppress generation of periodical ghost images. FIG. 9 is a diagram
showing a mechanism of suppressing the periodical ghost images
generated between the interference film IRC surface of the
wavelength selecting device SC and the imaging device I, the ghost
images being caused by the light transmitting through and reflected
by the interference film IRC and the absorption filter IRCF of the
wavelength selecting device SC.
[0121] The mechanism of suppressing the periodical ghost images is
described below. The light liable to be a ghost image at the
interference film IRC of the wavelength selecting device SC has the
wavelength between the wavelength of the light reflected on the
interference film IRC without transmitting therethrough and the
wavelength of the light transmitting through the interference film
IRC substantially not reflected thereon, in other words, the
wavelength of the light transmitting and reflected on the
interference film IRC. The light is incident to the no-power
optical group PL having the wavelength selecting device SC through
the objective optical system OB. Then, the light having this
wavelength partially transmits through the interference film IRC
formed on the wavelength selecting device SC. The light having
transmitted through the interference film IRC is partially absorbed
by the absorption filter IRCF arranged to the image side of the
interference film IRC and a portion of light having transmitted
through the absorption filter IRCF is incident to the imaging
device I. Since the surface of the imaging device I has the minute
periodic pattern, the light incident to the imaging device I is not
only regularly reflected on the surface but also reflected in the
direction forming the optical path difference of n.lambda. (n:
integer, .lambda.: wavelength) caused by interference. The light
reflected in the direction forming the optical path difference of
n.lambda. is incident again to the absorption filter IRCF in the
wavelength selecting device SC, and is partially absorbed by the
absorption filter IRCF. And only a portion of light transmits
through the absorption filter IRCF. Then, the light having
transmitted through the absorption filter IRCF is incident to the
interference film IRC and is partially reflected by the
interference film IRC. Then, the light reflected by the
interference film IRC is absorbed again by the absorption filter
IRCF. And only a portion of light is incident to the imaging device
I. However, the light incident to the imaging device I as ghost
images has already passed through the absorption filter three
times, so that almost all light has been absorbed and resultant
weak periodical ghost images have been inconspicuous.
[0122] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expression (7) is preferably
satisfied:
5<.lambda..sub.R10-.lambda..sub.R80<60 (7)
[0123] where .lambda..sub.R10 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the long wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 10%, and .lambda..sub.R80 denotes the
wavelength (unit: nm) of the long wavelength light whose
transmittance of the wavelength selecting device SC is 80%.
[0124] Conditional expression (7) defines an appropriate range of
the characteristics of the infrared-cut filter. When the value
.lambda..sub.R10-.lambda..sub.R80 exceeds the upper limit of
conditional expression (7), the shape of the graph showing
transmittance characteristic of the infrared-cut filter shows that
the transmittance gradually decreases to the long wavelength side.
Accordingly, a portion of red light is removed by the wavelength
selecting device SC. As a result, proper color reproduction cannot
be carried out because the light loses a portion of red light among
the three primary colors of blue, green and red, which are
indispensable for color reproduction. So, an optical system with
high optical performance cannot be obtained.
[0125] Moreover, when the effect of the infrared-cut filter is
obtained by the interference film IRC, the range of the wavelengths
where both transmission and reflection take place in the
interference film IRC becomes excessively broad. As a result, the
above-described periodical ghost images become conspicuous. So, an
optical system with high optical performance cannot be
obtained.
[0126] On the other hand, when the value
.lambda..sub.R10-.lambda..sub.R80 falls below the lower limit of
the conditional expression (7), the shape of the graph showing
transmittance characteristic of the effect of the infrared-cut
filter shows that the transmittance decreases quickly to the long
wavelength side. However, an interference filter having such
characteristic requires an excessively large number of films to
increase manufacturing cost. As a result, because of the
manufacturing cost, the purpose of the first embodiment of the
present invention which is to provide a low cost optical system
cannot be accomplished.
[0127] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably has the
function of cutting off a higher spatial frequency than the
resolution limit of the imaging device I. Accordingly, the number
of optical elements can be reduced by one in comparison with the
case that a low-pass filter is arranged separately. Accordingly, it
is possible to accomplish low cost, compactness, and lightweight
caused by reducing the number of optical elements.
[0128] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expressions (8) and (9) are
preferably satisfied:
D.sub.L/Y<0.2 (8)
D.sub.L>0.5 (9)
[0129] where D.sub.L denotes the thickness (unit: mm) along the
optical axis of the wavelength selecting device SC having the
function of cutting off a higher spatial frequency than the
resolution limit of the imaging device I, and Y denotes the
diagonal length (unit: mm) of the imaging device I.
[0130] Conditional expression (8) defines an upper limit of the
thickness along the optical axis (thickness in the direction
parallel to the optical axis) of the wavelength selecting device SC
for cutting off a higher spatial frequency than the resolution
limit of the imaging device I. When the ratio D.sub.L/Y exceeds the
upper limit of the conditional expression (8), the weight of the
wavelength selecting device SC becomes heavy because the thickness
of the wavelength selecting device SC along the optical axis
becomes excessively large. As a result, the purpose of the present
invention which is to provide an optical system with a lightweight
cannot be accomplished.
[0131] Conditional expression (9) defines the lower limit of the
thickness along the optical axis of the wavelength selecting device
SC having the function of cutting off a higher spatial frequency
than the resolution limit of the imaging device I. When the value
D.sub.L falls below the lower limit of the conditional expression
(9), the strength as a component cannot be maintained because the
thickness along the optical axis of the wavelength selecting device
SC becomes excessively thin. As a result, since the wavelength
selecting device SC is easily broken by a small impact, it becomes
necessary to repair. As a result, the purpose of the first
embodiment of the present invention which is to provide a low cost
optical system cannot be accomplished.
[0132] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably has a
function of protecting the surface of the imaging device I. Because
of this function, the number of optical elements can be reduced by
one in comparison with the case that a cover glass is arranged
separately. Accordingly, it is possible to accomplish low cost,
compactness, and lightweight caused by reducing the number of
optical elements.
[0133] Then, the first embodiment viewed from a different point
regarding the present invention is going to be explained According
to another aspect of the first embodiment of the present invention,
an optical system with a wavelength selecting device includes, in
order from an object along the optical axis, an objective optical
system OB composed of an optical element having refractive power
and an aperture stop, a no-power optical group PL composed of
optical elements having no refractive power, and an imaging device
I. The no-power optical group PL has a wavelength selecting device
SC which is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent. The wavelength selecting device SC
is preferably an interference filter which is, with respect to the
short wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent
by the interference film formed on the surface only of the no-power
optical group PL.
[0134] The first embodiment viewed from the different point is the
same as the first embodiment with respect to the following point;
lateral chromatic aberration remained in the short wavelength side
is removed by removing the short wavelength light to obtain the
same effect as aberration correction; and the wavelength selecting
device SC which is, with respect to the short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent is placed in the no-power
optical group PL located between the objective optical system OB
and the imaging device I.
[0135] The wavelength selecting device SC is preferably an
interference filter which is, with respect to the short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent by the
interference film formed on the surface only of the no-power
optical group PL.
[0136] Because of the interference-film-manufacturing method such
as evaporation, when the surface on which the film is formed has a
curvature, the characteristic of the interference filter becomes
different between the center and the periphery of the surface.
Accordingly, the surface on which the interference film UVC is
formed is preferably a plane having no power.
[0137] Moreover, since the interference filter obtains the
characteristics by optical interference due to thin films, the
characteristics of the interference filter theoretically differ
between normal incidence and oblique incidence of a light.
Accordingly, in order to obtain uniform characteristics all over
the image field, it is desirable that the incident angle to the
interference filter of the on-axis ray is substantially the same as
that of off-axis ray. In order to realize this, it is desirable
that the on-axis ray and the off-axis ray are substantially
parallel to the optical axis.
[0138] As described above, in video cameras and electronic still
cameras having an imaging device such as a solid state imaging
device, the ray coming out from an objective optical system OB is
almost parallel to the optical axis.
[0139] Therefore, in the first embodiment of the present invention,
it is preferable that an interference filter as the wavelength
selecting device SC is arranged at the no-power optical group PL
locating between the objective optical system OB and the imaging
device I. Accordingly, in the first embodiment, characteristics of
the light incident to the center of the imaging device and that to
the periphery of the imaging device are made to be uniform, and the
light incident to the imaging device I is made to have the uniform
characteristics all over the image field, so that the optical
system is made to have high optical performance.
[0140] Moreover, in the first embodiment of the present invention,
it is desirable that the optical element locating at the most image
side of the objective optical system OB has positive refractive
power.
[0141] When the optical element locating at the most image side of
the objective optical system OB has positive refractive power, the
ray coming out from the objective optical system OB approaches to
the parallel relative to the optical axis. As a result, the
uniformity of the incident angle to the interference film
increases. Accordingly, characteristics of the film can be made
more uniform all over the image frame, so that higher optical
performance can be obtained.
[0142] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expression (10) is preferably
satisfied:
.lambda..sub.V50D/PY<4.5.times.10.sup.4 (10)
[0143] where .lambda..sub.V50 denotes the wavelength (unit: nm) of
the short wavelength light whose transmittance of the wavelength
selecting device SC is 50%, D denotes an air-reduced optical path
length (unit: mm) from the position of the interference film UVC to
the imaging device I, P denotes the pitch (unit: mm) of a pixel of
the imaging device I measured in the shortest direction, and Y
denotes the diagonal length (unit: mm) of the imaging device I.
[0144] Conditional expression (10) defines an appropriate position
of the interference film for preventing periodical ghost images
generated by the aforementioned third wavelength light from being
conspicuous. The conditional expression (10) is a modification of
the condition expression (3) for the first embodiment. When the
ratio .lambda..sub.V50D/PY exceeds the upper limit of the
conditional expression (10), coherent length becomes far larger
than that at wavelength x, so that the intensity of periodical
ghost images becomes excessively strong. Moreover, the periodical
ghost images become so large relative to the size of the image
frame, so that the image becomes dirty. As a result, the purpose of
the first embodiment of the present invention to provide an optical
system with high optical performance cannot be accomplished.
[0145] In addition, it is more preferable that the lower limit of
the conditional expression (10) is set to 8.2.times.10.sup.3. When
the ratio .lambda..sub.V50D/PY falls below the lower limit of
conditional expression (10), the surface of the optical element on
which the interference film UVC is formed comes near to the imaging
device I, so that dust or the like stuck on the interference film
is liable to cast the shadow on the imaging device I. Accordingly,
since the shadow of dust or the like is liable to be imaged, it
becomes difficult to obtain high image quality. As a result, the
purpose of the first embodiment of the present invention which is
to provide an optical system with high optical performance cannot
be accomplished.
[0146] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the above-described conditional expression (4) is
preferably satisfied. The conditional expression (4) has already
been explained above.
[0147] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the above-described conditional expression (5) is
preferably satisfied. The conditional expression (5) has already
been explained above.
[0148] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably satisfies
the above-described conditional expression (1). The conditional
expression (1) has already been explained above.
[0149] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC transmits only useful
visible light and is, with respect to the long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent. It is desirable to
satisfy the above-described conditional expression (6). The
conditional expression (6) has already been explained above.
[0150] Moreover, the effect of transmitting only useful visible
light by making, with respect to the long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent may be obtained by an
absorption filter type, an interference filter type, or both types.
When the interference filter type is used, it may be possible to
construct such that a wavelength selecting device SC which is, with
respect to the short wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent is formed on a surface of an optical element and an
interference filter which is, with respect to the long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the
other surface of the optical element. Alternatively, it may be
possible to construct such that a wavelength selecting device SC
has an effect that it is, with respect to the short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent as well as an
effect that it is, with respect to the long wavelength light.
selectively substantially non-transparent.
[0151] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC includes in a body or
integrally an absorption filter IRCF which transmits only useful
visible light and is, with respect to the long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent and an interference film
IRC which transmits only useful visible light and is, with respect
to the long wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent. The interference film IRC is located to the object
side of the absorption filter IRCF. The above-described conditional
expression (6) is preferably satisfied. The conditional expression
(6) has already been explained above.
[0152] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably has the
function of cutting off a higher spatial frequency than the
resolution limit of the imaging device I.
[0153] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the above-described conditional expressions (8) and (9)
are preferably satisfied. The conditional expressions (8) and (9)
have already been explained above.
[0154] Furthermore, in the first embodiment of the present
invention, the wavelength selecting device SC preferably has a
function of protecting the surface of the imaging device I. This
function has already been explained.
[0155] Each numerical example of an optical system with a
wavelength selecting device according to the first embodiment of
the present invention is explained below with reference to
accompanying drawings.
[0156] In each example, an aspherical surface is expressed by the
following expression:
x=cy.sup.2/{1+(1-.kappa.c.sup.2y.sup.2).sup.1/2}+C4y.sup.4+C6y.sup.6+
. . .
[0157] where y denotes the height in a vertical direction relative
to the optical axis, x denotes a sag amount, c denotes a reference
radius of curvature, .kappa. denotes the conical coefficient, and
C4, C6 . . . denote aspherical coefficients.
[0158] In aspherical data, E-n denotes ".times.10.sup.-n". For
example, 1.234E-05 denotes 1.234.times.10.sup.-5.
EXAMPLE 1
[0159] FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 1 of a first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and a telephoto
end state T.
[0160] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 1 is composed of, in order from an object side
along the optical axis, an objective optical system OB, a no-power
optical group PL, and an imaging device I.
[0161] The objective optical system OB is composed, in order from
the object along the optical axis, a first lens group G1, a second
lens group G2 including an aperture stop S, and a third lens group
G3.
[0162] The first lens group G1 having negative refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, a negative
meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface facing to the object and
an aspherical surface facing to an image, a double concave negative
lens L12 having a stronger concave surface facing to the image, and
a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface facing to the
object.
[0163] The second lens group G2 having positive refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, an aperture stop
S, a double convex positive lens L21 having a stronger convex
surface facing to the object which is an aspherical surface, a
cemented negative lens constructed by a double convex positive lens
L22 cemented with a double concave negative lens L23, and a
cemented positive lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L24
having a convex surface facing to the object cemented with a double
convex positive lens L25.
[0164] The third lens group G3 being the most image side optical
element of the objective optical system OB having positive
refractive power as a whole is composed of a double convex positive
lens L31 having a stronger convex surface facing to the object
which is an aspherical surface.
[0165] When the state of lens group positions varies from a
wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, the distance
between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2
decreases and the third lens group G3 is substantially fixed
relative to the image plane.
[0166] The no-power optical group PL arranged to the image side of
the objective optical system OB is composed of, in order from the
object, a low-pass filter LPF having a plane-parallel shape with no
refractive power, and a cover glass CG for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0167] The low-pass filter LPF constructed in a body or integrally
with an absorption filter IRCF which is, with respect to the long
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent, has a
function of the absorption filter IRCF. Moreover, an interference
film IRC which is, with respect to the long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the object
side surface of the low-pass filter LPF, and an interference film
UVC which is, with respect to the short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the image
side surface of the low-pass. filter LPF. The low-pass filter LPF
having this construction is the wavelength selecting device SC
according to Example 1.
[0168] FIG. 10 graphically shows a spectral transmittance of the
interference film UVC of the wavelength selecting device SC which
is, with respect to the short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent.
[0169] FIG. 11 graphically shows an overall spectral transmittance
of the absorption filter IRCF and the interference film IRC which
are, with respect to the long wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent.
[0170] Various values associated with Example 1 are listed in Table
1. In Table 1, f denotes the focal length of the whole optical
system, FNO denotes the f-number, and .omega. denotes a half angle
of view (maximum angle of incidence) as a unit of degree
[.degree.]. In Lens Data, nd denotes refractive index at d-line
(.lambda.=587.6 nm), and .nu. denotes Abbe number. Refractive index
of the air (n=1.00000) is abbreviated.
[0171] In lens data, UVC denotes the surface of the interference
film UVC which is, with respect to short wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent, UVCF denotes the surface
of the absorption filter UVCF which is, with respect to short
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent, IRC
denotes the surface of the interference film IRC which is, with
respect to long wavelength light, selectively substantially
non-transparent, IRCF denotes the surface of the absorption filter
IRCF which is, with respect to the long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent, LPF denotes the low-pass
filter, and CG denotes the cover glass for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0172] In the tables of the following numerical examples, the
symbols and aspherical expression are the same as this example. In
the table for various values, "mm" is generally used for the unit
of length such as the focal length, the radius of curvature, and
the separation between optical surfaces. However, since an optical
system proportionally enlarged or reduced its dimension can be
obtained similar optical performance, the unit is not necessary to
be limited to "mm" and any other suitable unit can be used.
1 TABLE 1 (Specifications) focal length wide-angle end telephoto
end f 7.40 21.30 FNO 2.9 5.0 .omega. 37.4 14.4 (Lens Data) surface
radius of surface number curvature distance nd .nu. 1 26.3278 1.700
1.74001 48.16 2 8.1533 5.750 3 -174.3801 0.900 1.48749 70.24 4
23.4928 2.400 5 17.9444 3.200 1.84666 23.78 6 33.9654 (D6) 7
.infin. 0.500 Aperture Stop S 8 10.3019 2.550 1.66547 55.18 9
-69.6160 0.100 10 14.8088 2.550 1.60562 43.73 11 -14.8001 2.000
1.80100 34.96 12 7.8543 0.900 13 27.6364 0.900 1.80100 34.96 14
8.6622 2.700 1.61272 58.75 15 -25.3313 (D15) 16 29.5916 2.300
1.66547 55.18 17 -258.5473 1.922 18 .infin. IRC 2.760 1.45850 68.00
LPF, IRCF 19 .infin. UVC 1.441 20 .infin. 0.500 1.51680 64.20 CG 21
.infin. (BF) (Aspherical Data) Surface Number 2 .kappa. = 0.1000 C4
= +1.18060E-04 C6 = +7.93980E-07 C8 = -2.26350E-09 C10 =
+7.95490E-11 Surface Number 8 .kappa. = 1.0000 C4 = -6.65950E-05 C6
= -3.23530E-07 C8 = +3.34640E-09 C10 = -1.01760E-10 Surface Number
16 .kappa. = 1.0000 C4 = -1.16570E-05 C6 = +1.10140E-06 C8 =
-2.62900E-08 C10 = +2.73560E-10 (Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W
T f 7.40 21.30 D6 27.4238 4.8711 D15 8.5310 26.8626 BF 1.0300
0.9880 (Values for the conditional expressions) D = 2.80 W = 2.76 T
P = 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-3 Y = 10.9 P.sub.0 = -29.3 W = -254 T (1)
.lambda..sub.V50 = 420 (3) D/PY = 7.56 .times. 10.sup.1 W 7.45
.times. 10.sup.1 T (4) Y/P.sub.0 = -0.37 W -0.04 T (5)
.lambda..sub.V90 - .lambda..sub.V10 = 40 (6) .lambda..sub.R10 = 680
(10) .lambda..sub.V50D/PY = 3.17 .times. 10.sup.4 W 3.13 .times.
10.sup.4 T
[0173] FIGS. 2 and 3 graphically show various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Examples 1 and 2 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end
state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively. In aberration
graphs of all examples, Y denotes image height (unit: mm), in
particular, and in the graphs showing spherical aberration,
astigmatism, and distortion, Y denotes the maximum value of the
image height. FNO denotes the f-number. In the graphs showing
astigmatism, a solid line indicates a sagittal image plane, and a
broken line indicates a meridional image plane. In graphs showing
coma, value of coma with respect to each image height is shown. In
respective graphs, d denotes an aberration curve at d-line
(.lambda.=587.6 nm), and g denote that at g-line (.lambda.=435.8
nm).
[0174] In graphs showing various aberrations according to each
example, the same notation as Example 1 is applied.
[0175] As is apparent from the respective graphs showing various
aberrations, the optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 1 shows very small monochromatic aberrations
and has high optical performance.
[0176] FIGS. 4 and 5 graphically show lateral chromatic aberration
relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the wide-angle
end state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively. As shown
in respective graphs, although lateral chromatic aberration becomes
large in short wavelength side, chromatic aberration component of
the wavelength shorter than 420 nm is removed by the wavelength
selecting device SC, so that the same effect as lateral chromatic
aberration is corrected is finally obtained.
[0177] It is possible that the above-described low-pass filter LPF
also has a function of the cover glass CG.
[0178] As described above, it is apparent that the optical system
with a wavelength selecting device according to Example 1 has high
optical performance.
EXAMPLE 2
[0179] FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 2 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0180] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 2 is composed of, in order from an object side
along the optical axis, an objective optical system OB, a no-power
optical group PL, and an imaging device I.
[0181] The objective optical system OB is composed, in order from
the object along the optical axis, a first lens group G1, a second
lens group G2 including an aperture stop S, and a third lens group
G3. The objective optical system OB according to Example 2 is the
same as that of Example 1, so that a duplicated explanation is
abbreviated.
[0182] The no-power optical group PL arranged to the image side of
the objective optical system OB is composed of, in order from the
object, a low-pass filter LPF having a plane-parallel shape with no
refractive power, and a cover glass CG for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0183] The low-pass filter LPF is constructed integrally with an
absorption filter IRCF which is, with respect to the long
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent, and
has a function of the absorption filter IRCF. Moreover, an
interference film UVC which is, with respect to the short
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent, is
formed on the image side surface of the low-pass filter LPF. The
low-pass filter LPF having such a construction is the wavelength
selecting device SC according to Example 2.
[0184] Various values associated with Example 2 are listed in Table
2.
2 TABLE 2 (Specifications) focal length wide-angle end telephoto
end f 7.40 21.30 FNO 2.9 5.0.cndot. .omega. 37.4 14.4 (Lens Data)
surface radius of surface number curvature distance nd .nu. 1
26.3278 1.700 1.74001 48.16 2 8.1533 5.750 3 -174.3801 0.900
1.48749 70.24 4 23.4928 2.400 5 17.9444 3.200 1.84666 23.78 6
33.9654 (D6) 7 .infin. 0.500 Aperture Stop S 8 10.3019 2.550
1.66547 55.18 9 -69.6160 0.100 10 14.8088 2.550 1.60562 43.73 11
-14.8001 2.000 1.80100 34.96 12 7.8543 0.900 13 27.6364 0.900
1.80100 34.96 14 8.6622 2.700 1.61272 58.75 15 -25.3313 (D15) 16
29.5916 2.300 1.66547 55.18 17 -258.5473 1.922 18 .infin. 2.760
1.45850 68.00 LPF, IRCF 19 .infin. UVC 1.441 20 .infin. 0.500
1.51680 64.20 CG 21 .infin. (BF) (Aspherical Data) Surface Number 2
.kappa. = 0.1000 C4 = +1.18060E-04 C6 = +7.93980E-07 C8 =
-2.26350E-09 C10 = +7.95490E-11 Surface Number 8 .kappa. = 1.0000
C4 = -6.65950E-05 C6 = -3.23530E-07 C8 = +3.34640E-09 C10 =
-1.01760E-10 Surface Number 16 .kappa. = 1.0000 C4 = -1.16570E-05
C6 = +1.10140E-06 C8 = -2.62900E-08 C10 = +2.73560E-10 (Variable
Intervals upon Zooming) W T f 7.40 21.30 D6 27.4238 4.8711 D15
8.5310 26.8626 BF 1.0300 0.9880 (Values for the conditional
expressions) D = 2.80 W = 2.76 T P = 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-3 Y = 10.9
P.sub.0 = -29.3 W = -254 T (1) .lambda..sub.V50 = 410 (3) D/PY =
7.56 .times. 10.sup.1 W 7.45 .times. 10.sup.1 T (4) Y/P.sub.0 =
-0.37 W -0.04 T (5) .lambda..sub.V90 - .lambda..sub.V10 = 25 (6)
.lambda..sub.R10 = 720 (10) .lambda..sub.V50D/PY = 3.10 .times.
10.sup.4 W 3.05 .times. 10.sup.4 T
[0185] FIGS. 2 and 3 graphically show various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 2 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state W and
the telephoto end state T, respectively. Since Example 2 uses the
same objective optical system OB as Example 1, various aberrations
are the same as that of Example 1.
[0186] As is apparent from the respective graphs showing various
aberrations, the optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 2 shows very small monochromatic aberrations
and has high optical performance.
[0187] FIGS. 13 and 14 graphically show lateral chromatic
aberration relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the
wide-angle end state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively.
As shown in respective graphs, although lateral chromatic
aberration becomes large in short wavelength side, chromatic
aberration component of the wavelength shorter than 410 nm is
removed by the wavelength selecting device SC, so that the same
effect as lateral chromatic aberration is corrected is finally
obtained.
[0188] As described above, it is apparent that the optical system
with a wavelength selecting device according to Example 2 has high
optical performance.
EXAMPLE 3
[0189] FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 3 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0190] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 3 is composed of, in order from an object side
along the optical axis, an objective optical system OB, a no-power
optical group PL, and an imaging device I.
[0191] The objective optical system OB is composed, in order from
the object along the optical axis, a first lens group G1, a second
lens group G2, a third lens group G3 including an aperture stop S,
a fourth lens group G4, and a fifth lens group G5.
[0192] The first lens group G1 having positive refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, a cemented
positive lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L11 having a
convex surface facing to the object cemented with a double convex
positive lens L12 having a stronger convex surface facing to the
object, and a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface
facing to the object.
[0193] The second lens group G2 having negative refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, a negative
meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing to the object, a
cemented negative lens constructed by a double concave negative
lens L22 having a stronger concave surface facing to the image
cemented with a positive meniscus lens L23 having a concave surface
facing to the image, and a positive meniscus lens L24 having a
convex surface facing to the object.
[0194] The third lens group G3, having positive refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, an aperture stop
S, a double convex positive lens L31 having a stronger convex
surface facing to the object, a positive meniscus lens L32 having
convex surfaces facing to the object, and a double concave negative
lens L33 having a stronger concave surface facing to the image.
[0195] The fourth lens group G4 is composed of, in order from the
object, a cemented positive lens constructed by a negative meniscus
lens L41 having a convex surface facing to the object cemented with
a double convex positive lens L42 having a stronger convex surface
facing to the object.
[0196] The fifth lens group G5 is composed of a cemented positive
lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L51 having a
stronger convex surface facing to the object cemented with a double
concave negative lens L52 having a stronger concave surface facing
to the object.
[0197] When the state of lens group positions varies from the
wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, a distance between
the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 increases, a
distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group
G3 decreases, a distance between the third lens group G3 and the
fourth lens group G4 decreases, and a distance between the fourth
lens group G4 the fifth lens group G5 increases, the fifth lens
group is substantially fixed relative to the image plane.
[0198] The no-power optical group PL arranged to the image side of
the objective optical system OB is composed of, in order from the
object, a low-pass filter LPF having a plane-parallel shape with no
refractive power, and a cover glass CG for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0199] The low-pass filter LPF is constructed integrally with an
absorption filter IRCF which is, with the respect to the long
wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent, and
has a function of the absorption filter IRCF. Moreover, an
interference film IRC which is, with respect to the long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the
object side surface of the low-pass filter LPF, and an interference
film UVC for making the short wavelength light be selectively
substantially non-transparent is formed on the image side surface
of the low-pass filter LPF. The low-pass filter LPF having such a
construction is the wavelength selecting device SC according to
Example 3.
[0200] A spectral transmittance of the interference film UVC which
is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent, is shown in FIG. 22. An overall
spectral transmittance of the absorption filter IRCF and the
interference film IRC which are, with respect to long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent is shown in FIG.
23.
[0201] Various values associated with Example 3 are listed in Table
3.
3 TABLE 3 (Specifications) focal length wide-angle end telephoto
end f 9.17 69.07 FNO 2.9 4.4 .omega. 31.9 4.5 (Lens Data) surface
radius of surface number curvature distance nd .nu. 1 26.3278 1.700
1.74001 48.16 2 112.4351 1.300 1.84666 23.78 3 46.6040 4.100
1.78800 47.38 4 -1133.2893 0.100 5 33.8557 3.150 1.49782 82.52 6
95.7487 (D6) 7 108.3076 1.200 1.80400 46.58 8 10.0068 4.300 9
-29.0221 0.900 1.72916 54.66 10 21.5697 1.700 1.84666 23.78 11
36.0418 0.700 12 22.2130 2.100 1.84666 23.78 13 133.9390 (D13) 14
.infin. 0.500 Aperture Stop S 15 19.0286 3.050 1.49782 82.52 16
-26.3022 0.200 17 14.4696 4.900 1.75700 47.82 18 43.2842 0.750 19
-27.1397 0.900 1.68893 31.09 20 15.2385 (D20) 21 28.7363 0.900
1.83481 42.72 22 10.1303 3.850 1.51823 58.96 23 -21.2189 (D23) 24
27.6733 3.000 1.80400 46.58 25 -78.3460 1.000 1.84666 23.78 26
103.6796 (D26) 27 .infin. IRC 2.760 1.51633 64.22 LPF, IRCF 28
.infin. UVC 2.470 29 .infin. 0.500 1.51633 64.22 CG 30 .infin. (BF)
(Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W T f 9.17 69.07 D6 1.6978
30.9448 D13 27.1095 2.5720 D20 6.2411 1.4085 D23 2.3722 24.4561 D26
5.5636 5.5636 BF 1.0326 1.0328 (Values for the conditional
expressions) D = 3.83 W = 3.84 T P = 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-3 Y = 10.9
P.sub.0 = -46.5 W = -136 T (1) .lambda..sub.V50 = 420 (3) D/PY =
1.03 .times. 10.sup.2 W 1.04 .times. 10.sup.2 T (4) Y/P.sub.0 =
-0.23 W -0.08 T (5) .lambda..sub.V90 - .lambda..sub.V10 = 40 (6)
.lambda..sub.R10 = 680 (10) .lambda..sub.V50D/PY = 4.34 .times.
10.sup.4 W 4.35 .times. 10.sup.4 T
[0202] FIGS. 18 and 19 graphically show various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 3 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state W and
the telephoto end state T, respectively.
[0203] As is apparent from the respective graphs showing various
aberrations, the optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 3 shows very small monochromatic aberrations
and has high optical performance.
[0204] FIGS. 20 and 21 graphically show lateral chromatic
aberration relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the
wide-angle end state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively.
As shown in respective graphs, although lateral chromatic
aberration becomes large in short wavelength side, chromatic
aberration component of the wavelength shorter than 420 nm is
removed by the wavelength selecting device SC, so that the same
effect as lateral chromatic aberration is corrected is finally
obtained.
[0205] As described above, it is apparent that the optical system
with a wavelength selecting device according to Example 3 has high
optical performance.
EXAMPLE 4
[0206] FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 4 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a
telephoto end state T.
[0207] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 4 is composed of, in order from an object side
along the optical axis, an objective optical system OB, a no-power
optical group PL, and an imaging device I.
[0208] The objective optical system OB is composed, in order from
the object along the optical axis, a first lens group G1, a second
lens group G2, a third lens group G3 including an aperture stop S,
a fourth lens group G4, and a fifth lens group G5.
[0209] The objective optical system OB according to Example 4 is
the same as that of Example 3, so that a duplicated explanation is
abbreviated.
[0210] The no-power optical group PL arranged to the image side of
the objective optical system OB is composed of, in order from the
object, a low-pass filter LPF having a plane-parallel shape with no
refractive power, and a cover glass CG for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0211] The cover glass CG is constructed integrally with an
absorption filter UVCF which is, with respect to short wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent, and has a
function of the absorption filter UVCF. Moreover, an interference
film IRC which is, with respect to long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the object
side surface of the cover glass CG. The cover glass CG having this
construction is the wavelength selecting device SC according to
Example 4.
[0212] A spectral transmittance of the absorption filter UVCF which
is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent is shown in FIG. 25. A spectral
transmittance of the interference film IRC which is, with respect
to long wavelength light, selectively substantially non-transparent
is shown in FIG. 26.
[0213] Various values associated with Example 4 are listed in Table
4.
4 TABLE 4 (Specifications) focal length wide-angle end telephoto
end f 9.17 69.07 FNO 2.9 4.4 .omega. 31.9 4.5 (Lens Data) surface
radius of surface number curvature distance nd .nu. 1 26.3278 1.700
1.74001 48.16 2 112.4351 1.300 1.84666 23.78 3 46.6040 4.100
1.78800 47.38 4 -1133.2893 0.100 5 33.8557 3.150 1.49782 82.52 6
95.7487 (D6) 7 108.3076 1.200 1.80400 46.58 8 10.0068 4.300 9
-29.0221 0.900 1.72916 54.66 10 21.5697 1.700 1.84666 23.78 11
36.0418 0.700 12 22.2130 2.100 1.84666 23.78 13 133.9390 (D13) 14
.infin. 0.500 Aperture Stop S 15 19.0286 3.050 1.49782 82.52 16
-26.3022 0.200 17 14.4696 4.900 1.75700 47.82 18 43.2842 0.750 19
-27.1397 0.900 1.68893 31.09 20 15.2385 (D20) 21 28.7363 0.900
1.83481 42.72 22 10.1303 3.850 1.51823 58.96 23 -21.2189 (D23) 24
27.6733 3.000 1.80400 46.58 25 -78.3460 1.000 1.84666 23.78 26
103.6796 (D26) 27 .infin. 2.760 1.51633 64.22 LPF 28 .infin. 2.470
29 .infin. (IRC) 0.500 1.51633 64.22 CG, UVCF 30 .infin. (BF)
(Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W T f 9.17 69.07 D6 1.6978
30.9448 D13 27.1095 2.5720 D20 6.2411 1.4085 D23 2.3722 24.4561 D26
5.5636 5.5636 BF 1.0326 1.0328 (Values for the conditional
expressions) D = 3.83 W = 3.84 T P = 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-3 Y = 10.9
P.sub.0 = -46.5 W = -136 T (1) .lambda..sub.V50 = 400 (2)
.lambda..sub.V80 - .lambda..sub.V10 = 25 (6) .lambda..sub.R10 =
675
[0214] FIGS. 18 and 19 graphically show various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 4 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state W and
the telephoto end state T, respectively. Since Example 4 uses the
same objective optical system OB as Example 3, various aberrations
are the same as that of Example 3.
[0215] As is apparent from the respective graphs showing various
aberrations, the optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 4 shows very small monochromatic aberrations
and has high optical performance.
[0216] FIGS. 20 and 21 graphically show lateral chromatic
aberration relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the
wide-angle end state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively.
Since Example 4 uses the same objective optical system OB as
Example 3, lateral chromatic aberration is the same as that of
Example 3. As shown in respective graphs, although lateral
chromatic aberration becomes large in short wavelength side,
chromatic aberration component of the wavelength shorter than 400
nm is removed by the wavelength selecting device SC, so that the
same effect as lateral chromatic aberration is corrected is finally
obtained. It is possible that the above-described low-pass filter
LPF also has a function of the cover glass CG.
[0217] As described above, it is apparent that the optical system
with a wavelength selecting device according to Example 4 has high
optical performance.
EXAMPLE 5
[0218] FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing the lens arrangement of
an optical system according to Example 5 of the first embodiment of
the present invention in a wide-angle end state W and a telephoto
end state T.
[0219] The optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 5 is composed of, in order from an object side
along the optical axis, an objective optical system OB, a no-power
optical group PL, and an imaging device I.
[0220] The objective optical system OB is composed, in order from
the object along the optical axis, a first lens group G1, a second
lens group G2 including an aperture stop S, and a third lens group
G3.
[0221] The first lens group G1 having negative refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from the object, a negative
meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface facing to the object and
an aspherical surface facing to an image, a double concave negative
lens L12 having a stronger concave surface facing to the image, and
a positive meniscus lens L13 having a convex surface facing to the
object.
[0222] The second lens group G2 having positive refractive power as
a whole is composed of, in order from object, an aperture stop S, a
double convex positive lens L21 having a stronger convex surface
facing to the object which is an aspherical surface, a cemented
negative lens constructed by a double convex positive lens L22
cemented with a double concave negative lens L23, and a cemented
positive lens constructed by a negative meniscus lens L24 having a
convex surface facing to the object cemented with a double convex
positive lens L25.
[0223] The third lens group G3 being the most image side optical
element of the objective optical system OB having positive
refractive power as a whole is composed of a positive meniscus lens
L31 having a convex surface facing to the object which is an
aspherical surface.
[0224] When the state of lens group positions varies from a
wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, the distance
between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2
decreases and the third lens group G3 is substantially fixed
relative to the image plane.
[0225] The no-power optical group PL arranged to the image side of
the objective optical system OB is composed of, in order from the
object, a low-pass filter LPF having a plane-parallel shape with no
refractive power, and a cover glass CG for protecting the surface
of the imaging device I.
[0226] The low-pass filter LPF is constructed integrally with an
absorption filter IRCF which is, with respect to long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent, and has a
function of the absorption filter IRCF. Moreover, an interference
film IRC which is, with respect to long wavelength light,
selectively substantially non-transparent is formed on the object
side surface of the low-pass filter LPF, and an interference film
UVC which is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent is formed on the image side surface
of the low-pass filter LPF. The low-pass filter LPF having such a
construction is the wavelength selecting device SC according to
Example 5.
[0227] A spectral transmittance of the interference film UVC which
is, with respect to short wavelength light, selectively
substantially non-transparent is shown in FIG. 32. An overall
spectral transmittance of the absorption filter IRCF and the
interference film IRC which are, with respect to long wavelength
light, selectively substantially non-transparent is shown in FIG.
33.
[0228] Various values associated with Example 5 are listed in Table
5.
5 TABLE 5 (Specifications) focal length wide-angle end telephoto
end f 7.40 21.30 FNO 2.8 4.7 .omega. 37.4 14.4 (Lens Data) surface
radius of surface number curvature distance nd .nu. 1 26.0783 1.500
1.74014 49.18 2 7.6961 5.800 3 155.8785 0.900 1.58913 61.18 4
31.7824 0.550 5 16.8801 2.200 1.80518 25.43 6 44.0584 (D6) 7
.infin. 1.900 Aperture Stop S 8 8.8511 2.450 1.69350 53.22 9
-166.6376 0.100 10 13.4713 2.300 1.71300 53.85 11 -13.4713 0.900
1.80440 39.59 12 6.8062 0.800 13 22.1392 0.900 1.83400 37.17 14
6.5885 2.450 1.60311 60.68 15 -34.6543 (D15) 16 17.0899 2.400
1.58313 59.62 17 46.4912 1.800 18 .infin. IRC 1.800 1.45850 67.85
LPF, IRCF 19 .infin. UVC 2.100 20 .infin. 0.500 1.51680 64.20 CG 21
.infin. (BF) (Aspherical Data) Surface Number 2 .kappa. = 0.1000 C4
= +1.27310E-04 C6 = +1.34320E-06 C8 = -7.35590E-09 C10 =
+1.30540E-10 Surface Number 8 .kappa. = 1.0000 C4 = -1.13270E-04 C6
= -1.12000E-06 C8 = +1.65790E-08 C10 = -7.00210E-10 Surface Number
16 .kappa. = 1.0000 C4 = -2.52820E-05 C6 = +1.92860E-06 C8 =
-4.85170E-08 C10 = +5.50360E-10 (Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W
T f 7.40 21.30 D6 25.0716 3.0000 D15 6.7504 22.6956 BF 1.0264
1.0188 (Values for the conditional expressions) D = 3.46 W = 3.45 T
P = 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-3 Y = 10.9 P.sub.0 = -21.8 W = -85.0 T (1)
.lambda..sub.V50 = 425 (3) D/PY = 9.34 .times. 10.sup.1 W 9.31
.times. 10.sup.1 T (4) Y/P.sub.0 = -0.50 W = -0.12 T (5)
.lambda..sub.V90 - .lambda..sub.V10 = 20 (6) .lambda..sub.R10 = 670
(7) .lambda..sub.V10 - .lambda..sub.V80 = 45 (8) D.sub.L/Y = 0.165
(9) D.sub.L = 1.80 (10) .lambda..sub.V50D/PY = 3.97 .times.
10.sup.4 W 3.96 .times. 10.sup.4 T
[0229] FIGS. 28 and 29 graphically show various aberrations of an
objective optical system OB in the optical system according to
Example 5 of the first embodiment in the wide-angle end state W and
the telephoto end state T, respectively.
[0230] As is apparent from the respective graphs showing various
aberrations, the optical system with a wavelength selecting device
according to Example 5 shows very small monochromatic aberrations
and has high optical performance.
[0231] FIGS. 30 and 31 graphically show lateral chromatic
aberration relative to wavelength at image height of 4 mm in the
wide-angle end state W and the telephoto end state T, respectively.
As shown in respective graphs, although lateral chromatic
aberration becomes large in short wavelength side, chromatic
aberration component of the wavelength shorter than 425 nm is
removed by the wavelength selecting device SC, so that the same
effect as lateral chromatic aberration is corrected is finally
obtained. It is possible that the above-described low-pass filter
LPF also has a function of the cover glass CG.
[0232] As described above, it is apparent that the optical system
with a wavelength selecting device according to Example 5 has high
optical performance.
[0233] [Second Embodiment]
[0234] Then, a second embodiment of the present invention is
explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. An optical
system according to the second embodiment of the present invention
includes a plurality of lens elements and an optical member having
wavelength selecting characteristic. The optical member is composed
of an interference film formed on a lens surface of the lens
elements and the conditional expressions explained below are
satisfied.
[0235] The optical member having wavelength selecting
characteristic is constructed, for example, by forming a plurality
of layers by means of evaporation such as an anti-reflection
multi-layer film. Various spectral characteristics can be given to
the optical member (hereinafter called an interference filter) by
adjusting interference condition with changing materials,
construction, and a thickness of each layer.
[0236] As described above, since the interference filter is
constructed by thin films, the thickness can be very thin relative
to a conventional colored filter, so that the interference filter
can be included in the optical system without making the optical
system large. Moreover, since the interference film can be formed,
instead of an anti-reflection film, on a lens surface where the
anti-reflection film was formed, it is advantageous in costs.
[0237] However, since the interference film obtains its spectral
characteristic by interference due to thin films, theoretically,
variation in interference characteristic inevitably occurs whether
the incident light is normal or oblique to the interference filter.
Accordingly, the position where the interference film can be formed
on the surface of the optical system is not arbitrary. In the
optical system according to the second embodiment of the present
invention, the following conditional expressions (11) through (13)
are for finding a surface on which the interference film can be
formed.
[0238] Conditional expression (11) defines an appropriate range of
the ratio of the effective diameter .PHI. on which an interference
filter is formed to its radius of curvature R:
0<.vertline..PHI./R.vertline.<0.8 (11)
[0239] where .PHI. denotes the effective diameter of the lens
surface, and R denotes the radius of curvature of the lens
surface.
[0240] Since the interference filter is constructed by forming thin
films on the lens surface by means of evaporation, when the radius
of curvature of the lens surface is small, the inclination of the
lens surface becomes large on the periphery, so that the
interference characteristic varies between the central portion and
the periphery of the lens surface. When the ratio
.vertline..PHI./R.vertline. exceeds the upper limit of conditional
expression (11), the difference in the interference characteristic
between the central portion and the periphery of the lens surface
becomes conspicuous, so that it is undesirable. Moreover, in order
to make the difference in the interference characteristic between
the central portion and the periphery of the lens surface
inconspicuous, it is preferable for the ratio to be near to the
lower limit. Furthermore, it is preferable that the upper limit is
set to 0.6.
[0241] Conditional expression (12) defines an appropriate range of
an angle of the principal ray passing through the lens surface
relative to the optical axis at the lens surface in the air
side.
0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.B.vertline.<13.degree. (12)
[0242] where B denotes an angle of the principal ray passing
through the lens surface relative to the optical axis at the lens
surface in the air side.
[0243] When the value .vertline.B.vertline. exceeds the upper limit
of the conditional expression (12), a small difference in the
interference characteristic between the light coming to the central
portion of an image frame passing through normal to the lens
surface and the light coming to the periphery of the image frame
passing through oblique to the lens surface results in unevenness
of the effect of the interference filter and the tone of color, so
that it is undesirable. Moreover, in the conditional expression
(12), it is desirable that the value is near to the lower limit
since the difference in the interference characteristic becomes
smaller. Furthermore, it is preferable that the upper limit is set
to 10.degree..
[0244] Conditional expression (13) defines an appropriate range of
an angle of the rand ray relative to the optical axis at the lens
surface in the air side.
0.degree..ltoreq..vertline.C.vertline.<18.degree. (13)
[0245] where C denotes an angle of the rand ray relative to the
optical axis at the lens surface in the air side, and where the
rand ray is a ray coming out from an on-axis object passing on the
periphery of the aperture stop to form an image.
[0246] When the value .vertline.C.vertline. exceeds the upper limit
of the conditional expression (13), the effect of the interference
filter differs delicately between the rand ray passing through
oblique to the lens surface and the on-axis ray passing through
normal to the lens surface, so that the effect of the interference
filter and the tone of color vary when changing the diameter of the
aperture stop. It is undesirable.
[0247] Then, the spectral characteristics of the interference
filter according to the second embodiment of the present invention
is explained.
[0248] When an interference filter having an infrared-cut
characteristic is formed by forming an interference film on a lens
surface of an optical system by means of evaporation, it is
desirable that the interference filter according to the second
embodiment of the present invention has the following spectral
characteristics: transmittance of light having the wavelength from
400 nm to 600 nm is 95% or more; that from 700 nm to 1000 nm
(infrared) is 5% or less; and the half value wavelength of light
which gives transmittance of 50% is from 630 nm to 670 nm. When
transmittance of visible light having wavelength from 400 nm to 600
nm is low, ghost images and flare on the surface of the
interference film are liable to be produced severely. When
transmittance of visible light is uneven, color reproduction
becomes worse. On the other hand, when transmittance of light
having the wavelength from 700 nm to 1000 nm is high, the
infrared-cut effect becomes low, so that color reproduction becomes
worse. When the half value wavelength is longer than 670 nm,
because of transmitted infrared light, color reproduction becomes
worse, and when the half value wavelength is shorter than 630 nm,
because the sensitivity to red light becomes relatively lower to
result in bad color reproduction, so that it is undesirable.
[0249] When an interference filter having an ultraviolet-cut
characteristic is formed by forming an interference film on a lens
surface of an optical system by means of evaporation, it is
desirable that the interference filter according to the second
embodiment of the present invention has the following spectral
characteristics: transmittance of light having the wavelength from
450 nm to 630 nm is 95% or more; that from 340 nm to 390 nm
(ultraviolet) is 5% or less; and the half value wavelength of light
which gives transmittance of 50% is from 410 nm to 430 nm. When
transmittance of visible light having wavelength from 450 nm to 630
nm is low, ghost images and flare on the surface of the
interference film are produced severely. When transmittance of
visible light is uneven, color reproduction becomes worse. When
transmittance of light having the wavelength from 340 nm to 390 nm
is high, the ultraviolet-cut effect becomes low and chromatic
aberration becomes conspicuous. When the half value wavelength is
shorter than 410 nm, the ultraviolet-cut effect becomes low and
chromatic aberration becomes conspicuous. When the half value
wavelength is longer than 430 nm, because the sensitivity to violet
and blue light becomes relatively lower to result in bad color
reproduction, so that it is undesirable. In order to obtain both
good color reproduction and removal of chromatic aberration, it is
desirable that the ultraviolet-cut film has the steep rising of the
spectral transmittance from ultraviolet to visible region.
[0250] When an interference filter having a characteristic of
transmitting only visible light, and cutting an ultraviolet light
and an infrared light is formed by forming an interference film on
a lens surface of an optical system by means of evaporation, it is
desirable that the interference filter according to the second
embodiment of the present invention has both characteristics of the
aforementioned infrared-cut filter and ultraviolet-cut filter. In
other words, it is desirable that the interference filter has the
following spectral characteristics: transmittance of light having
the wavelength from 450 nm to 600 nm is 95% or more; that from 340
nm to 390 nm (ultraviolet) is 5% or less; the half value wavelength
of light which gives transmittance of 50% is from 410 nm to 430 nm
(violet to ultraviolet), transmittance of light having the
wavelength from 700 nm to 1000 nm is 5% or less, and the half value
wavelength of light which gives transmittance of 50% is from 630 nm
to 670 nm.
[0251] Then, each example according to the second embodiment of the
present invention is explained below.
EXAMPLE 6
[0252] FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 6 of a second embodiment of the present
invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto end state
T.
[0253] The optical system according to Example 6 of the second
embodiment is a three-lens-group zoom lens composed of, in order
from an object, a first negative lens group G1 having positive,
negative, negative, and positive lens elements (L1 through L4), a
second positive lens group G2 having a positive lens element L5, a
cemented lens constructed by a positive lens element L6 cemented
with a negative lens element L7, and a positive lens element L8,
and a third positive lens group G3 having a positive lens element
L9. Zooming is carried out by moving the first and second lens
groups.
[0254] Various values associated with Example 6 are listed in Table
6. In Table 6, f denotes the focal length of the optical system, BF
denotes the back focal length, FNO denotes an f-number, 2.omega.
denotes the maximum angle of view, Y denotes an image height, R
denotes a radius of curvature, d denotes a distance between optical
surfaces, .PHI. denotes an effective diameter, nd denotes
refractive index at d-line (.lambda.=587.6 nm), and .nu. denotes
Abbe number. Refractive index of the air (n=1.00000) is
abbreviated.
6 TABLE 6 (Specifications) wide-angle end telephoto end f 8.24 23.3
BF: 5.33 FNO 2.89 5.20 2.omega. 58.4 21.6 Y: 4.42 (Lens Data)
surface number R d .PHI. .nu. nd 1) 115.9747 2.0000 16.50 60.21
1.640000 2) -68.9820 0.1000 15.40 3) 100.0798 1.0000 14.10 42.97
1.835000 4) 8.8788 3.2000 11.60 5) -99.6193 1.0000 11.40 64.20
1.516800 6) 26.1734 0.6000 11.20 7) 14.2994 2.0000 11.50 23.78
1.846660 8) 36.0022 (D1) 11.10 9> 0.0000 0.7000 6.70 10) 15.6122
1.8000 7.00 57.44 1.606020 11) -31.6056 0.1000 6.90 12) 6.5431
3.0000 6.70 55.52 1.677900 13) 13.3710 0.9000 5.90 23.78 1.846660
14) 4.7498 1.1000 5.50 15) 579.5187 1.3000 5.60 60.21 1.640000 16)
-38.5526 (D2) 6.00 17) 24.7220 2.6000 11.50 70.45 1.487490 18)
-22.2994 (BF) 11.50 (Aspherical Data) Surface Number 10 .kappa. =
1.6443 C2 = 0.00000E+00 C4 = -1.04300E-04 C6 = 3.26660E-07 C8 =
-6.34410E-08 C10 = 1.02560E-09 (Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W
T f 8.24000 23.30000 D1 18.66993 2.42097 D2 6.81587 22.95625 BF
5.32665 5.32665 (Values for the conditional expressions) Where each
value shown in (11) and (13) is a larger value comparing the value
in the wide-angle end state with that in the telephoto end state.
Conditional Expressions (11) (12) (13) surface
.vertline..PHI./R.vertline. max.vertline.B.vertline.
max.vertline.C.vertline. L1 N1 0.142 29.215 0.000 N2 0.223 36.478
1.895 L2 N1 0.141 36.478 1.895 N2 1.306 9.468 9.432 L3 N1 0.114
9.468 9.432 N2 0.428 6.238 13.618 L4 N1 0.804 6.238 13.618 N2 0.308
12.745 6.931 L5 N1 0.448 12.745 6.931 N2 0.218 11.922 6.752 L6 N1
1.024 11.922 6.752 L7 N1 0.441 -- -- N2 1.158 17.634 5.267 L8 N1
0.010 17.634 5.267 N2 0.156 16.178 7.432 L9 N1 0.465 16.178 7.432
N2 0.516 7.246 10.001
[0255] According to the above values for conditional expressions,
the lens surface satisfying all three conditional expressions (11)
through (13) are the following six surfaces; L3N1, L3N2, L4N2,
L5N1, L5N2, and L9N2. The interference film can be applied to those
surfaces to be an interference filter.
[0256] Among them, L3N2 surface is the most ideal one having
relatively small values of both conditional expressions (11) and
(12). When the interference filter is formed in the negative lens
group having negative, negative, and positive lens elements, it is
desirable to form an interference film on the second surface of the
second negative lens element because the inclination of the
principal ray becomes small by the two negative lens elements, and
the radius of curvature is larger than that of the object side
surface of the positive lens element located to the image side of
the negative lens element.
[0257] When an interference filter is formed in the second lens
group G2, the interference filter is desirably formed on the lens
element L5. Among the surfaces L5N1 and L5N2, the surface L5N2,
having smaller values of conditional expressions (11) and (12), is
more preferable to form an interference filter.
[0258] The surface L9N2 of the lens element L9 in the third lens
group G3, having smaller values of each conditional expression, is
also suitable to form an interference filter. In an imaging device
with a large number of pixels, a micro-lens array is arranged in
front of the imaging device to effectively guide light to the
device. Accordingly, in an optical system for a solid state imaging
device, it is necessary to locate an exit pupil far from the image
plane. Therefore, the value of conditional expression (12) becomes
theoretically small in the vicinity of the third lens group G3, so
that it is desirable to form the interference filter.
[0259] Incidentally, there are two kinds of interference filter to
be formed, an infrared-cut filter and an ultraviolet-cut filer.
Only one of them may be constructed by the interference filter
according to the second embodiment of the present invention. On the
other hand, for example, an infrared-cut filter may be formed on
the L3N2 surface and an ultraviolet-cut filter may be formed on the
L9N2 surface. It may be possible to realize a band pass filter for
cutting both ultraviolet and infrared lights and transmitting only
visible light by forming a well designed interference film on a
single lens surface. This can be applied to any Example shown
below.
[0260] In Example 6 of the second embodiment, an interference film
is formed on the L3N2 surface to be an interference filter, so that
satisfactory optical performance has been obtained.
EXAMPLE 7
[0261] FIG. 35 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 7 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
[0262] The optical system according to Example 7 of the second
embodiment is a three-lens-group zoom lens composed of, in order
from an object, a first negative lens group G1 having negative,
negative, and positive lens elements (L1 through L3), a second
positive lens group G2 having a positive lens element L4, a
cemented lens constructed by a positive lens element L5 cemented
with a negative lens element L6, and a cemented lens constructed by
a negative lens element L7 cemented with a positive lens element
L8, and a third positive lens group G3 having a positive lens
element L9. Zooming is carried out by moving each lens group.
[0263] Various values associated with Example 7 are listed in Table
7.
7 TABLE 7 (Specifications) wide-angle end telephoto end f 7.4 21.3
BF 6.61 6.57 FNO 2.76 4.89 2.omega. 74.8 28.8 Y: 5.44 (Lens Data)
surface number R d .PHI. .nu. nd 1) 26.3278 1.7000 21.50 49.16
1.740011 2) 8.1533 5.7500 16.10 3) -174.3801 0.9000 15.80 70.24
1.487490 4) 23.4928 2.4000 15.30 5) 17.9444 3.2000 15.20 23.78
1.846660 6) 33.9654 (D1) 14.20 7) 0.0000 (D2) 7.40 8> 0.0000
0.5000 8.60 9) 10.3019 2.5500 8.80 55.18 1.665470 10) -69.6160
0.1000 8.60 11) 14.8088 2.5500 8.40 43.73 1.605620 12) -14.8001
2.0000 7.90 34.96 1.801000 13) 7.8543 0.9000 6.90 14) 27.6364
0.9000 7.00 34.96 1.801000 15) 8.6622 2.7000 7.40 58.75 1.612720
16) -25.3313 (D3) 8.00 17) 29.5916 2.3000 12.90 55.18 1.665470 18)
-258.5473 (BF) 12.70 (Aspherical Data) Surface Number 2 .kappa. =
0.1000 C2 = 0.00000E+00 C4 = 1.18060E-04 C6 = 7.93980E-07 C8 =
-2.26350E-09 C10 = 7.95490E-11 Surface Number 9 .kappa. = 1.0000 C2
= 0.00000E+00 C4 = -6.65950E-05 C6 = -3.23530E-07 C8 = 3.34640E-09
C10 = -1.01760E-10 Surface Number 17 .kappa. = 1.0000 C2 =
0.00000E+00 C4 = -1.16570E-05 C6 = 1.10140E-06 C8 = -2.62900E-08
C10 = 2.73560E-10 (Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W T f 7.40001
21.29999 D1 16.42380 1.20000 D2 11.00000 3.67090 D3 8.53100
26.86307 BF 6.61499 6.57299
[0264] (Values for the Conditional Expressions)
[0265] Where each value shown in (11) and (13) is a larger value
comparing the value in the wide-angle end state with that in the
telephoto end state.
8 Conditional Expressions (11) (12) (13) surface
.vertline..PHI./R.vertline. max.vertline.B.vertline.
max.vertline.C.vertline. L1 N1 0.817 37.426 0.000 N2 1.975 12.506
7.842 L2 N1 0.091 12.506 7.842 N2 0.651 6.120 12.033 L3 N1 0.847
6.120 12.033 N2 0.418 12.864 7.204 L4 N1 0.854 12.864 7.204 N2
0.124 12.169 14.870 L5 N1 0.567 12.169 14.870 L6 N1 0.534 -- -- N2
0.878 18.053 3.262 L7 N1 0.253 18.053 3.262 L8 N1 0.854 -- -- N2
0.316 14.913 8.353 L9 N1 0.436 14.913 8.353 N2 0.049 8.226
10.429
[0266] According to the above values for conditional expressions,
the lens surfaces satisfying all three conditional expressions (11)
through (13) are the following six surfaces; L2N1, L2N2, L3N2,
L4N2, L5N1, and L9N2. The interference film can be applied to those
surfaces to be an interference filter.
[0267] Among them, L9N2 surface is the most ideal one having
relatively small values both conditional expressions (11) and (12).
In an imaging device with a large number of pixels, a micro-lens
array is arranged in front of the imaging device to effectively
guide light to the device. Accordingly, in an optical system for a
solid state imaging device, it is necessary to locate an exit pupil
far from the image plane. Therefore, the value of conditional
expression (12) becomes theoretically small in the vicinity of the
third lens group G3, so that it is desirable to form the
interference filter.
[0268] When the interference filter is formed in the first negative
lens group G1 having negative, negative, and positive lens
elements, it is desirable to form an interference film on the
second surface of the second negative lens element L2N2 because the
inclination of the principal ray becomes small by the two negative
lens elements, and the radius of curvature is larger than that of
the object side surface of the positive lens element located to the
image side of the negative lens element.
[0269] When an interference filter is formed in the second lens
group G2, L4N2 surface or L5N1 surface can be thought to form the
interference film. L4N2 surface having the smaller value of
conditional expressions (11) is more preferable to form an
interference filter.
[0270] In Example 7 of the second embodiment, an interference film
is formed on the L9N2 surface to be an interference filter, so that
satisfactory optical performance has been obtained.
EXAMPLE 8
[0271] FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 8 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
[0272] The optical system according to Example 8 of the second
embodiment is a three-lens-group zoom lens composed of, in order
from an object, a first negative lens group G1 having negative,
negative, and positive lens elements (L1 through L3), a second
positive lens group G2 having a positive lens element L4, a
cemented lens constructed by a positive lens element L5 cemented
with a negative lens element L6, and a third positive lens group G3
having a positive lens element L7. Zooming is carried out by moving
the first and second lens groups.
[0273] Various values associated with Example 8 are listed in Table
8.
9 TABLE 8 (Specifications) wide-angle end telephoto end f 5.95 16.9
BF: 4.18 FNO 2.87 5.23 2.omega. 60.0 21.6 Y: 3.25 (Lens Data)
surface number R d .PHI. .nu. nd 1) 19.1828 1.1000 10.21 37.17
1.834000 2) 7.3466 1.7500 8.65 3) -143.6780 1.0000 8.53 46.58
1.804000 4) 10.5443 0.8000 8.14 5) 10.4893 2.3000 8.40 25.43
1.805180 6) 120.8022 (D1) 8.07 7> 0.0000 0.4000 4.80 8) 9.6920
2.0000 5.08 59.62 1.583130 9) -22.1432 0.1000 5.25 10) 7.4756
2.5500 5.27 46.58 1.804000 11) -9.4517 0.9000 4.72 30.13 1.698950
12) 3.8988 0.7400 4.06 13) 0.0000 (D2) 4.10 14) 25.7030 2.5000 7.72
59.62 1.583130 15) -13.6090 (Bf) 7.81 (Aspherical Data) Surface
Number 8 .kappa. = -0.9643 C2 = 0.00000E+00 C4 = -4.44320E-05 C6 =
-1.03700E-05 C8 = 1.33750E-06 C10 = -8.95360E-08 Surface Number 14
.kappa. = 16.8196 C2 = 0.00000E+00 C4 = -4.51730E-04 C6 =
2.27170E-05 C8 = -1.52580E-06 C10 = 3.30560E-08 (Variable Intervals
upon Zooming) W T f 5.95000 16.90000 D1 13.52331 1.84416 D2 4.31088
16.75795 BF 4.17616 4.17616
[0274] (Values for the Conditional Expressions)
[0275] Where each value shown in (11) and (13) is a larger value
comparing the value in the wide-angle end state with that in the
telephoto end state.
10 Conditional Expressions (11) (12) (13) surface
.vertline..PHI./R.vertline. max.vertline.B.vertline.
max.vertline.C.vertline. L1 N1 0.532 29.979 0.000 N2 1.177 15.227
6.499 L2 N1 0.059 15.227 6.499 N2 0.772 5.636 15.692 L3 N1 0.801
5.636 15.692 N2 0.067 12.980 6.682 L4 N1 0.524 12.980 6.682 N2
0.237 12.068 7.470 L5 N1 0.705 12.068 7.470 L6 N1 0.499 -- -- N2
1.041 17.293 7.000 L7 N1 0.300 17.293 7.000 N2 0.574 7.787
10.056
[0276] According to the above values for conditional expressions,
the lens surface satisfying all three conditional expressions (11)
through (13) are the following six surfaces; L2N2, L3N2, L4N1,
L4N2, L5N1, and L7N2. The interference film can be applied to those
surfaces to be an interference filter.
[0277] Among them, L4N2 surface is the most ideal one having
relatively small values of conditional expression (11). When the
interference filter is formed in the second lens group G2, it is
desirable to form interference film on the object side surface of
the positive lens located to the most object side of the second
lens group G2 to be an interference filter.
[0278] When the interference filter is formed in the first negative
lens group G1 having negative, negative, and positive lens
elements, it is desirable to form an interference film on the
second surface of the second negative lens element L2N2 because the
inclination of the principal ray becomes small by the two negative
lens elements, and the radius of curvature is larger than that of
the object side surface of the positive lens element located to the
image side of the negative lens element.
[0279] When the interference filter is formed in the third positive
lens group G3, it is preferable to form the interference filter on
the most image side surface. In an imaging device with a large
number of pixels, a micro-lens array is arranged in front of the
imaging device to effectively guide light to the device.
Accordingly, in an optical system for a solid state imaging device,
it is necessary to locate an exit pupil far from the image plane.
Therefore, the value of conditional expression (12) becomes
theoretically small in the vicinity of the third lens group G3, so
that it is desirable to form the interference filter.
[0280] In Example 8 of the second embodiment, an interference film
is formed on the L4N2 surface to be an interference filter, so that
satisfactory optical performance has been obtained.
EXAMPLE 9
[0281] FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the optical path of an optical
system according to Example 9 of the second embodiment of the
present invention in a wide-angle end state W and in a telephoto
end state T.
[0282] The optical system according to Example 9 of the second
embodiment is a five-lens-group zoom lens composed of, in order
from an object, a first positive lens group G1 having a cemented
positive lens constructed by a negative lens element L1 cemented
with a positive lens element L2 and a positive lens element L3, a
second negative lens group G2 having a negative lens element L4, a
cemented negative lens constructed by a negative lens element L5
cemented with a positive lens element L6 and a positive lens
element L7, a third positive lens group G3 having two positive lens
elements L8 and L9 and a negative lens element L10, a fourth
positive lens group G4 having a cemented positive lens constructed
by a negative lens element L11 cemented with a positive lens
element L12, and a fifth positive lens group G5 having a cemented
positive lens constructed by a positive lens element L13 cemented
with a negative lens element L14. Zooming is carried out by moving
each lens group.
[0283] Various values associated with Example 9 are listed in Table
9.
11TABLE 9 (Specifications) wide-angle end telephoto end f 9.17
69.07 BF: 11.22 FNO 2.90 4.45 2.omega. 63.8 9.0 Y: 5.44 (Lens Data)
surface number R d .PHI. .nu. nd 1) 112.4351 1.3000 30.69 23.78
1.846660 2) 46.6040 4.1000 28.79 47.38 1.788000 3) -1133.2893
0.1000 27.74 4) 33.8557 3.1500 26.00 82.52 1.497820 5) 95.7487 (D1)
25.29 6) 108.3076 1.2000 18.08 46.58 1.804000 7) 10.0068 4.3000
14.16 8) -29.0221 0.9000 13.94 54.66 1.729160 9) 21.5697 1.7000
13.85 23.78 1.846660 10) 36.0418 0.7000 13.76 11) 22.2130 2.1000
14.00 23.78 1.846660 12) 133.9390 (D2) 13.78 13> 0.0000 0.5000
9.20 14) 19.0286 3.0500 9.51 82.52 1.497820 15) -26.3022 0.2000
9.52 16) 14.4696 4.9000 9.28 47.82 1.757000 17) 43.2842 0.7500 7.62
18) -27.1397 0.9000 7.44 31.09 1.688930 19) 15.2385 (D3) 7.40 20)
28.7363 0.9000 9.92 42.72 1.834810 21) 10.1303 3.8500 10.02 58.96
1.518230 22) -21.2189 (D4) 10.61 23) 27.6733 3.0000 12.51 46.58
1.804000 24) -78.3460 1.0000 12.26 23.78 1.846660 25) 103.6796 (BF)
12.10 (Variable Intervals upon Zooming) W T f 9.16776 69.06805 D1
1.69782 30.94475 D2 27.10947 2.57196 D3 6.24109 1.40850 D4 2.37220
24.45608 BF 11.21612 11.21631
[0284] (Values for the Conditional Expressions)
[0285] Where each value shown in (11) and (13) is a larger value
comparing the value in the wide-angle end state with that in the
telephoto end state.
12 Conditional Expressions (11) (12) (13) surface
.vertline..PHI./R.vertline. max.vertline.B.vertline.
max.vertline.C.vertline. L1 N1 0.273 31.877 0.000 L2 N1 0.618 -- --
N2 0.024 39.176 3.097 L3 N1 0.768 39.176 3.097 N2 0.264 47.484
7.381 L4 N1 0.167 47.484 7.381 N2 1.415 15.921 6.551 L5 N1 0.480
15.921 6.551 L6 N1 0.642 -- -- N2 0.382 6.658 16.125 L7 N1 0.630
6.658 16.125 N2 0.103 11.396 7.878 L8 N1 0.500 11.396 7.878 N2
0.362 10.682 7.299 L9 N1 0.641 10.682 7.299 N2 0.176 10.019 17.495
L10 N1 0.274 10.019 17.495 N2 0.486 15.039 3.431 L11 N1 0.345
15.039 3.431 L12 N1 0.989 -- -- N2 0.500 10.850 6.960 L13 N1 0.452
10.850 6.960 L14 N1 0.156 -- -- N2 0.117 5.763 9.948
[0286] According to the above values for conditional expressions,
the lens surface satisfying all three conditional expressions (11)
through (13) are the following nine surfaces; L6N2, L7N1, L7N2,
L8N1, L8N2, L9N1, L12N2, L13N1 and L14N2. The interference film can
be applied to those surfaces to be an interference filter.
[0287] Among them, L14N2 surface is the most ideal one having
relatively small values both conditional expressions (11) and (12).
In an imaging device with a large number of pixels, a micro-lens
array is arranged in front of the imaging device to effectively
guide light to the device. Accordingly, in an optical system for a
solid state imaging device, it is necessary to locate an exit pupil
far from the image plane. Therefore, the value of conditional
expression (12) becomes theoretically small in the vicinity of the
image plane, so that it is desirable to form the interference
filter.
[0288] In the first positive lens group G1, any one of lens
surfaces makes a large incident angle or exit angle of the
principal ray relative to the normal of each surface, so that any
one of surfaces is undesirable to form the interference filter.
[0289] When the interference filter is formed in the second
negative lens group G2 having negative, negative, and positive lens
construction, it is desirable to form an interference film on the
image side surface of the cemented negative lens L6N2 because the
inclination of the principal ray becomes small by the two negative
lens construction, and the radius of curvature is larger than that
of the object side surface of the positive lens element located to
the image side of the cemented negative lens.
[0290] When the interference filter is formed in the third positive
lens group G3, surfaces of L8N1, L8N2, and L9N1 are qualified.
However, because of small values of conditional expressions (11)
through (12), it is desirable to form the interference filter on
the L8N2 surface.
[0291] When the interference filter is formed in the fourth
positive lens group G4, it is preferable to form on the L12N2
surface. However, in comparison with the L8N2 surface in the third
lens group G3 over each conditional expressions, the L8N2 surface
is more preferable because values of conditional expressions (11)
and (12) are smaller.
[0292] In Example 9 of the second embodiment, an interference film
is formed on the L14N2 surface to be an interference filter, so
that satisfactory optical performance has been obtained.
[0293] In Examples described above, although the interference film
is formed by means of evaporation, the method to form interference
film is not limited to this method, and any method such as
sputtering, chemical-vapor deposition (CVD), and spin coating may
be preferably applied.
[0294] It is needless to say that the present invention is not to
limited to the above-described Examples, and can be applied to the
optical system for video cameras and interchangeable lenses for
single-lens-reflex digital still cameras showing signs of coming
into wide use recently.
[0295] There are two kinds of color filter systems in an imaging
device. One is an imaging device with a primary color system that
has blue(B), green(G), and red(R) color filters. The other is a
complimentary color system that has yellow, cyan, and magenta
(sometimes, green filter exists in addition to the three filters).
The imaging device with the complimentary color system generates B,
G, and R color signals by color conversion from the three (or four)
colors. In the process of color conversion, a particular color is
liable to become conspicuous. Therefore, when the first and second
embodiments of the present invention is applied to an imaging
device with a complimentary color system, which chromatic
aberration is more conspicuous than that with a primary color
system, the effect is more striking.
[0296] Additional advantages and modification will readily occur to
those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader
aspects is not limited to the specific details, and representative
devices shown and described herein. Accordingly, various
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or
scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended
claims and their equivalents.
* * * * *