U.S. patent application number 10/889922 was filed with the patent office on 2005-02-10 for method, compositions, and kits for coloring hair.
This patent application is currently assigned to Revlon Consumer Products Corporation. Invention is credited to Christine Vena, Lou Ann, Geardino, Glenn Robert, Moore, Maxine Gayle, Narasimhan, Saroja, Patel, Manharbhai Kantibhai.
Application Number | 20050028833 10/889922 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 30772618 |
Filed Date | 2005-02-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050028833 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Christine Vena, Lou Ann ; et
al. |
February 10, 2005 |
Method, compositions, and kits for coloring hair
Abstract
A method for altering the color of hair comprising applying a
bleach composition containing persulfate salts and at least one
oxidizing agent to the desired strands of hair for a period of time
sufficient to bleach the hair, removing the bleach composition from
the hair but leaving at least some residual oxidizing agent on the
bleached hair strands, then treating the hair with a colorant
composition containing at least one dye operable to color hair in
the presence of the residual oxidizing agent found on the bleached
hair strands, said colorant composition being free of any oxidizing
agents operable to react with the dye present therein to form
color, whereby upon contact with the colorant composition, the hair
strands treated with the bleach composition having residual
oxidizing agent thereon will react with the dye present in the
colorant composition to cause the bleached hair strands to become
colored, while any remaining unbleached hair will not become
colored by contact with the colorant composition and a kit and
shampoo composition for use with the method.
Inventors: |
Christine Vena, Lou Ann;
(Scotch Plains, NJ) ; Narasimhan, Saroja;
(Matawan, NJ) ; Moore, Maxine Gayle; (Piscataway,
NJ) ; Geardino, Glenn Robert; (Edison, NJ) ;
Patel, Manharbhai Kantibhai; (Saddlebrook, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Julie Blackburn, Esq.
Law dept.
Revlon Consumer Products Corporation
237 Park Avenue
New York
NY
10017
US
|
Assignee: |
Revlon Consumer Products
Corporation
New York
NY
|
Family ID: |
30772618 |
Appl. No.: |
10/889922 |
Filed: |
July 13, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10889922 |
Jul 13, 2004 |
|
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10270915 |
Oct 15, 2002 |
|
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60397346 |
Jul 19, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
132/114 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A45D 19/02 20130101;
A61K 8/22 20130101; A61Q 5/10 20130101; A45D 2007/001 20130101;
A45D 19/0066 20210101 |
Class at
Publication: |
132/114 |
International
Class: |
A45D 024/22; A61K
007/13 |
Claims
1. CANCEL.
2. CANCEL.
3. CANCEL.
4. CANCEL.
5. CANCEL.
6. CANCEL.
7. CANCEL.
8. CANCEL.
9. CANCEL.
10. CANCEL.
11. CANCEL.
12. CANCEL.
13. CANCEL.
14. CANCEL.
15. CANCEL.
16. CANCEL.
17. CANCEL.
18. CANCEL.
19. CANCEL.
20. CANCEL.
21. CANCEL.
22. CANCEL.
23. CANCEL.
24. CANCEL.
25. CANCEL.
26. CANCEL.
27. CANCEL.
28. A kit for applying highlights to hair comprising (i) a first
receptacle containing a oxidizing agent composition, (ii) a second
receptacle containing a persulfate composition, (iii) a comb
through applicator for affixing to the first or second receptacle;
and (iv) a third receptacle containing a colorant composition free
of oxidizing agents but containing at least one oxidative dye
reactive with the oxidizing agent in the first receptacle oxidizing
agent composition.
29. The kit of claim 28 wherein the oxidizing agent in the first
receptacle comprises hydrogen peroxide.
30. The kit of claim 28 wherein the first receptacle is a plastic
bottle.
31. The kit of claim 28 wherein second receptacle is a tube,
packette, or jar.
32. The kit of claim 28 wherein the comb on applicator is affixed
to the first receptacle.
33. The kit of claim 28 wherein the third receptacle is a tube.
34. The kit of claim 28 which additionally comprises a hair
conditioner composition contained in a receptacle that is a tube or
a packette.
35. The kit of claim 28 wherein the different components are stored
in a box.
36. A shampoo composition comprising, at least one primary
intermediate and, optionally, a coupler for the formation of
oxidation dyes, and at least one anionic surfactant, wherein said
composition is free of oxidizing agents reactive with the primary
intermediate and coupler to form oxidation dyes.
37. The composition of claim 36 further comprising at least one
thickener.
38. The composition of claim 36 further comprising at least one
solvent.
39. The composition of claim 36 wherein the at least one primary
intermediate comprises p-phenylenediamine.
40. The composition of claim 36 comprising, by weight of the total
composition: 0.0001-6% of at least one primary intermediate, and
optionally a coupler for the formation of oxidation dyes, 0.1-25%
of an anionic surfactant; and 0.001-5% of a thickening agent.
41. The kit of claim 28 wherein the oxidizing agent composition is
a water and oil emulsion comprising hydrogen peroxide.
42. The kit of claim 28 wherein the persulfate composition is in
the form of a particulate or paste composition.
43. The kit of claim 28 wherein the oxidative dye comprises at
least one primary intermediate and at least one coupler for the
formation of oxidation dyes, and is in the form of a shampoo.
44. The kit of claim 28 wherein the comb through applicator is
affixed to the receptacle containing the oxidizing agent
composition after the persulfate composition has been added to the
oxidizing agent composition.
45. The kit of claim 28 wherein the persulfate composition
comprises, by weight of the total composition, 10-65% of one or
more inorganic persulfates, 0.1-40% of one or more alkalizing
agents, 5-60% of one or more particulate fillers, all percentages
by weight of the total composition.
46. The kit of claim 28 wherein the oxidizing agent composition
comprises at least one acrylic copolymeric thickener.
47. The kit of claim 46 wherein the acrylic copolymeric thickener
comprises at least monomers A and B wherein A is selected from
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or mixtures thereof; and B is
selected from C.sub.1-22 alkyl acrylate, C.sub.1-22 alkyl
methacrylate, or mixtures thereof.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority from provisional patent
application Ser. No. 60/397,346, filed Jul. 19, 2002.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The invention is in the field of coloring hair, including
applying highlights to hair.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Highlights are very popular with consumers today. Highlights
involve bleaching select strands of hair to achieve a color that is
different (usually lighter) than the color of the base hair shade.
This in turn provides unique effects such as a sun kissed look on
an individual with dark blonde hair, or possibly lighter brown
streaks on a black haired individual.
[0004] In beauty salons, highlights are expensive. Generally the
entire process takes from one to three hours. Typically strands of
hair selected for highlighting are arranged on many small pieces of
metal foil which are positioned throughout the hair based upon the
judgment of the beautician. The strands on the foil are painted
with the highlighting, or bleach, composition (a mixture of a
persulfate composition and an oxidizing agent composition) for the
appropriate period of time after which the foils are individually
removed from the hair and it is rinsed well with water to remove
all traces of the highlighting composition. The placement of the
foil pieces is a very time consuming, labor intensive process that
requires a certain judgment and skill, and when that is considered
along with the time required for the actual bleaching operation,
the entire process becomes quite lengthy and difficult.
[0005] Alternatively, plastic caps referred to as streaking caps
may be used. These are plastic caps similar to bathing caps that
have holes pierced throughout in a pattern determined by the
manufacturer. The beautician pulls small strands of hair through
the holes. The highlighting composition is applied to the select
strands of hair for the desired period of time, generally about 30
to 60 minutes, then rinsed with water.
[0006] Thereafter, in both cases, the hair is washed with shampoo
to remove the excess highlighting composition, or simply rinsed
well with water. In some cases, a second process is performed which
involves treating the entire head of hair with a mild oxidative
hair color to reduce the brassiness, or fine tune the color, of the
highlights. At the same time the non-bleached hairs are colored by
the mild oxidative hair color as well. In prestige beauty salons,
highlighting procedures can cost several hundred dollars or
more.
[0007] It is also possible for consumers who do not wish to pay
salon prices to use the at home kits that are available for
purchase in drug and mass market stores. However, due to the level
of skill involved in applying highlights, it is more difficult to
obtain professional salon looking results when using at home kits.
Typically these kits include a plastic cap pierced with holes in a
predetermined pattern. The consumer pulls the hair through the
holes with a device that looks somewhat like a crochet hook. The
select hairs are then treated with the highlighting composition for
a period of time ranging from 30 to 60 minutes. The hair is rinsed
with water and shampooed. There are several problems with the
at-home kits. First, the manufacturer determines the pattern of the
holes in the cap, providing a one-size-fits all approach. Thus, the
pattern tends to be very standard and not at all tailored to each
individual consumer. Further, the process of putting on a plastic
cap that feels and looks much like a bathing cap, and then pulling
hair strands through the holes in the cap with a crochet-hook like
instrument is very labor intensive. Combining the time required for
that exercise with the time required for the bleach to act on the
hair, results in a process that easily takes more than one to two
hours. Another type of retail bleaching kit contains a small comb
that the consumer manually uses to distribute the highlighting
composition on the hair. These systems are messy, and the color
application is often not uniform as there tends to be too much
color at the hair roots and not enough at the ends.
[0008] There are many drawbacks to the current highlighting
procedures whether conducted in the salon or at home. The actual
bleaching process, which involves bleaching melanin or color from
the hair fiber, provides inconsistent results. This is true whether
the whole head is being bleached or only select strands (the latter
being referred to as "highlighting"). Ideally, one would want to
treat the hair with a composition containing bleach and hair dye to
simultaneously bleach the melanin from the hair fibers, and color
the hair fibers the desired color. However, because the ingredients
used in the bleach (oxidizing agent and persulfate salts) are very
reactive with oxidative hair dyes, when such ingredients come into
contact they immediately react and the reactants are consumed
before anything productive can be done with the mixture. In some
cases, the hair is first bleached to remove melanin. Then a second
procedure is commenced where the same hair strands that have been
treated with bleach are oxidatively dyed. This is obviously a very
cumbersome and time consuming procedure that is not easily
implemented in either the salon setting or in at home kits, and it
could cause hair damage in those who have chemically over-processed
hair.
[0009] Accordingly, one of the biggest need gaps in the
highlighting or bleaching process is to provide bleached or
highlighted hair that is the desired color, not just whatever color
is achieved when the melanin is bleached from hair fibers, in a
simple but effective procedure that is amenable to salon or at home
use.
[0010] Another significant problem, with standard bleaching or
highlighting procedures is that they are not effective on hair that
has already been color treated. Thus, such procedures are not
possible for the many consumers that have already colored their
hair because it is very difficult to bleach hair that has been
colored with oxidative dye.
[0011] Accordingly, there is a need for a process and compositions
that provide a consumer friendly, speedy system for bleaching the
entire head of hair or highlighting select strands which provides
custom colored highlights with salon quality results. This system
should be able to provide consistent results in lightening and
coloring virgin hair as well as hair that has already been
oxidatively colored. While the system can be used at home or in the
salon, it is most desirable that the system be amenable for use in
at-home kits by standard consumers.
[0012] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a
method for bleaching or highlighting hair that provides custom
color, meaning that the color is the one desired by the consumer
and correlates to the color charts depicted on the package in which
the product is sold.
[0013] Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
bleaching or highlighting hair that enables coloration in a reduced
period of time.
[0014] Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
bleaching or highlighting hair that has already been treated with
oxidative or semi-permanent dyes.
[0015] Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
bleaching or highlighting hair that provides consistent results on
virgin hair as well as hair that has been treated with oxidative or
semi-permanent dyes, or bleaches.
[0016] Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
bleaching or highlighting hair where the compositions can be
applied to dry hair.
[0017] Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
bleaching or highlighting hair that provides professional salon
results in an at-home, consumer friendly process.
[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide a shampoo
composition for treating hair comprising one or more primary
intermediates and, if appropriate, couplers for the formation of
oxidation dyes, but which is free of oxidizing agents which react
with the intermediates and couplers, if present, to color the
hair.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] The invention is directed to a method for altering the color
of hair comprising applying a bleach composition containing
persulfate salts and at least one oxidizing agent to the desired
strands of hair for a period of time sufficient to bleach the hair,
removing the bleach composition from the hair but leaving at least
some residual oxidizing agent on the bleached hair strands, then
treating the hair with a colorant composition containing at least
one dye operable to color hair in the presence of the residual
oxidizing agent found on the bleached hair strands, said colorant
composition being free of any oxidizing agents operable to react
with the dye present therein to form color, whereby upon contact
with the colorant composition, the hair strands treated with the
bleach composition having residual oxidizing agent thereon will
react with the dye present in the colorant composition to cause the
bleached hair strands to become colored, while any remaining
unbleached hair will not become colored by contact with the
colorant composition.
[0020] The invention is also directed to a kit for applying
highlights to hair comprising (i) a first receptacle containing a
oxidizing agent composition, (ii) a second receptacle containing a
persulfate composition, (iii) a comb through applicator attachable
to the first receptacle or the second receptacle; and (iv) a third
receptacle containing a colorant composition free of oxidizing
agents but containing at least one oxidative dye reactive with the
oxidizing agent in the first receptacle composition.
[0021] The invention is also directed to a shampoo composition for
treating or cleansing hair comprising one or more primary
intermediates and, if appropriate, couplers of the formation of
oxdiation dyes, but being free of oxidizing agents which react with
the primary intermediate and coupler, if present, to form color on
the hair when the shampoo composition is applied thereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] FIG. 1A: depicts one type of comb through applicator that
may be used in the method and kit of the invention.
[0023] FIG. 1B: depicts another type of comb through applicator
that may be used in the method and kit of the invention.
[0024] FIG. 1C: depicts another type of comb through applicator
that may be used in the method and kit of the invention.
[0025] FIG. 1D: depicts another type of comb through applicator
that may be used in the method and kit of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 1E: depicts another type of comb through applicator
that may be used in the method and kit of the invention.
[0027] FIG. 1F: illustrates the preferred type of comb applicator
attached to a receptacle for use in the method and kit of the
invention.
[0028] FIG. 2: is a top plan view of the comb through applicator
affixed to the container of FIG. 1F which illustrates the orifices
through which the bleach composition exudes when the comb on
applicator is stroked through the hair strands.
[0029] FIG. 3A: is an exploded view of the receptacle and comb
through applicator illustrating how the comb through applicator is
affixed to the container after removal of the lid 2A affixed to the
receptacle for storage purposes.
[0030] FIG. 3B: is one type of receptacle that may be used for
storing the persulfate composition, which is a packette.
[0031] FIG. 3C: is another type of receptacle that may be used for
storing the persulfate composition, which is a tube form most
preferred when the persulfate composition is in the paste form.
[0032] FIG. 3D: is another type of receptacle that may be used to
store the persulfate composition. This receptacle is a jar and may
be used when the persulfate composition is in the dry powdered form
or the paste form, or some other semi-solid or liquid form.
[0033] FIG. 4: illustrates the use of the device depicted in FIG.
1F to apply the bleach composition to select strands of hair.
[0034] FIGS. 5A-F: generally depicts the kit of the invention and
the various components found therein.
[0035] FIG. 5A: depicts a box, which is one container that may be
used to store the various components of the kit of the
invention.
[0036] FIG. 5B: depicts the receptacle used to store the oxidizing
agent composition.
[0037] FIG. 5C: shows the comb through applicator that is found in
the kit in the preferred embodiment of the invention, although the
other comb through applicators depicted in FIGS. 1E through 1F may
be used as well.
[0038] FIG. 5D: shows the persulfate composition, which is in the
packette form in this drawing, but may be stored in other forms as
set forth in FIGS. 3B, 3C, and 3D in FIG. 3.
[0039] FIG. 5E: shows the hair conditioner composition which is an
optional component of the kit.
[0040] FIG. 5F: shows the colorant composition that is found in the
kit depicted here in a tube receptacle.
[0041] FIG. 5G: shows another type of receptacle for containing the
optional hair conditioner composition found in the kit. This is a
packette form.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] The invention is directed to a very user friendly, fast, and
convenient method for providing salon quality highlights to virgin
hair or hair that has already been colored with oxidative or
semi-permanent hair color. While in the preferred embodiment of the
invention the method and kit are used to apply highlights to the
hair (e.g. to alter the color of only select strands of hair), the
claimed method and kit can be used to bleach or color the entire
head of hair as well. In the latter case, the method provides a
faster, more effective way to alter the color of hair and the
results are more consistent.
[0043] The method is very adaptable for at home use. It is possible
to obtain the desired color and the procedure can be used on dry
hair. The process eliminates much of the inconsistency in the
current bleaching or highlighting procedures. The ability to use
oxidative dyes in a bleaching or highlighting procedure adds
another, level to the bleach process. The bleached hair strands can
be treated with the desired highlighting color rather than color
that is obtained when the melanin is bleached from the hair fibers.
This provides more tailored, custom color that can be designed for
each specific consumer's coloring and taste and also eliminates the
brassy hair color that is sometimes seen when hair is simply
bleached to remove melanin from the hair.
[0044] The Method
[0045] 1.Application of the Bleach Composition
[0046] The first step of the method comprises the application of a
bleach composition comprised of a mixture of persulfate salts and
at least one oxidizing agent to select hair strands. The hair
strands may be selected in any suitable manner so long as the hairs
to be treated with bleach are segregated from those for which
highlights are not intended. It is possible that the consumer may
want to treat the entire head of hair, and if so the claimed method
is suitable for that purpose.
[0047] In the event highlights are desired, the preferred method
for applying the bleach composition to select hair strands will be
further described herein. If desired, processes for segregating
hair strands to be highlighted can use foil pieces or the plastic
cap with perforations as well as any other type of comb on or brush
on device, or simply digital application. The bleach composition is
applied to the select strands of hair for the desired period of
time, usually about 5 to 65 minutes, preferably about 10 to 45
minutes. The composition is then removed from the hair strands,
preferably by rinsing well with water. It is important that the
bleach composition be removed sufficiently so as not to negatively
impact the second step which involves application of the colorant
composition, but at the same time the removal must be such that
residual oxidizing agent from the bleach process is left remaining
on the hairs that were treated with the bleach composition.
[0048] In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the
composition containing the persfulate salts and the aqueous
oxidizing agent composition are combined in standard proportions,
for example about 10 to 90 parts of the oxidizing agent composition
are combined with about 10 to 90 parts of the persulfate
composition. Preferably about 50-95 parts of the oxidizing agent
composition are combined with about 15-50parts of the persulfate
composition. The combination of ingredients is mixed well and
applied to the strands of hair that are selected for highlighting.
As discussed above, the hair to be highlighted can be selected in
any manner desired although it is preferred that the types of
applicators depicted in FIGS. 1A through 1F be used as the delivery
device. In particular, the oxidizing agent composition will be
found in the container depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3. The oxidizing
agent composition 1 is preferably stored in a receptacle 2 with a
lid 2A (see FIG. 3). Preferably, the receptacle 2 is made from a
plastic material that is inert to the ingredients that are found in
the oxidizing agent composition. The receptacle 2 has a lid 2A
(shown removed from the receptacle 2 in FIG. 3) which is affixed to
the receptacle to close it when the container 2 is stored. When the
consumer desires to begin the coloring procedure, the lid 2A is
removed from the receptacle 2 and the persulfate composition which
may be stored in a packette 4 or tube 5 or any other suitable
storage receptacle, is poured into the receptacle 2 containing the
oxidizing agent composition 1. In the case where the persulfate
composition is in the form of a powder, the packette 4 form is
preferable. Where the persulfate composition is in the form of a
paste, the tube 5 maybe a suitable storage receptacle. Preferably,
the consumer then replaces the lid 2A on the receptacle 2 and
shakes it well to mix the contents. After the receptacle contents
are mixed well the comb through applicator 6 (or any other desired
comb through applicator, further examples of which areset forth in
FIGS. 1A through 1E) is affixed to the receptacle 2 and the
oxidizing agent/bleach mixture is applied to the hair by combing
the comb through applicator through the hair strands as depicted in
FIG. 4. When the comb applicator is stroked downwardly through the
hair strands, the bleach/oxidizing agent mixture is automatically
applied to select hair strands to create a very natural
highlighting effect without the necessity of segregating select
hair strands and separately treating those strands. In fact, the
comb through applicator is so easy to use that even when users are
not skilled in the highlighting or bleaching process the results
are excellent. The user needs simply to comb the applicator through
the hair using the usual combing movements and the bleach
composition will apply to the individual strands of hair in an
acceptable manner.
[0049] The preferred comb through applicator and receptacle are
further disclosed in U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.
60/397,472, filed on Jul. 19, 2002, having docket number Rev
01-18A, naming inventors Louann Christine Vena, Saroja Narasimhan,
Maxine Gayle Moore, Glenn Robert Geardino, and Manharbhai Kantibhai
Patel and entitled "Cosmetic Applicator and Storage Container" and
the corresponding non-provisional utility patent application filed
on the same date as this non-provisional utility patent
application, having the same title and inventors; and U.S. design
patent application Ser. No. 29/164,215, filed Jul. 19, 2002, having
docket number Rev 02-D-1 entitled "Cosmetic Applicator", naming
Louann Christine Vena, Saroja Narasimhan, Maxine Gayle Moore, Glenn
Robert Geardino, and Manharbhai Kantibhai Patel as co-inventors.
Both the provisional and non-provisional utility and design patent
applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety, including the drawings.
[0050] The mixture is left on the hair for a time sufficient to
cause the hair to be bleached. This time period may range from
about 10 to 60 minutes depending on the effect desired by the
consumer and the color of the consumer's hair prior to beginning
the method. Preferably the time period ranges from about 10 to 30
minutes.
[0051] After the appropriate period of time has passed, the bleach
mixture is removed from the hair, preferably by rinsing well with
water for a time and in a manner that adequately removes the bleach
composition but leaves the hairs treated with the bleach
composition with residual oxidizing agent present thereon. Rinsing
for a period of time ranging from about 1 second to about 5 minutes
is generally sufficient to adequately remove the bleach composition
and still leave the treated hair strands containing residual
oxidizing agent. Preferably the hair should be rinsed for period of
time ranging from about 3 seconds to 4 minutes, most preferably
about 3 seconds to about 2 minutes.
[0052] The bleach composition and the ingredients used therein in
the preferred embodiment of the invention will be further
described.
[0053] 2. The Bleach Composition
[0054] The term "bleach composition" when used herein means a
composition that is applied to the hair to bleach melanin, and any
previously applied dyes that are in the hair, out of the hair
fibers. It is obtained by combining a persulfate salt containing
composition and an oxidizing agent composition prior to intended
use of the composition. The term "persulfate salt composition"
means a composition that contains persulfate salts which are
operable to bleach hair when combined with an oxidizing agent. The
term "oxidizing agent composition" means a composition that
contains at least one oxidizing agent that is operable to react
with the persulfate salts to form an active composition that is
capable of bleaching melanin from hair fibers.
[0055] (a). The Persulfate Composition
[0056] A variety of persulfate compositions may be suitable,
including those well known in the art. The persulfate composition
may be in the powdered particulate or paste form and in general may
have one or more of the ingredients set forth below. The is
persulfate composition preferably comprises a mixture of persulfate
salts that are capable of bleaching the hair when combined with an
oxidizing agent, particulate fillers, and, if desired, inorganic
particulate colorants. The persulfate composition used in the
claimed method may be found in the powdered particulate form, or in
the form of a cream or paste as described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,888,484; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/774,890, filed
Feb. 1, 2001, assigned to Revlon Consumer Products Corporation,
naming Teresita Imperial as inventor, both of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entirety. The typical
ingredients found in the persulfate composition are further
described herein.
[0057] (i). Persulfates
[0058] The persulfate composition comprises about 10-65%,
preferably about 20-60%, more preferably about 25-55% by weight of
the total bleach coinposition of one or more inorganic persulfates
which may be alkali metal or alkaline earth metal persulfates, or
ammonium persulfate. Preferably the persulfate composition
comprises one or more of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or
ammonium persulfate. Examples of alkali metal persulfates include
lithium, sodium,potassium, cesium, and the like. Examples of
suitable alkaline earth metals include magnesium, calcium, and the
like. Particularly preferred are sodium, potassium, and ammonium
persulfates. The persulfates are generally in particulate form and
have particle sizes ranging from about 0.1 to 200 microns. The
persulfates should be reactive with the hydrogen peroxide or the
other peroxide oxidizing agent present in the oxidizing agent
composition when the persulfate composition is combined with the
oxidizing agent composition.
[0059] (ii). Alkalizing Agents
[0060] The persulfate composition preferably contains one or more
alkalizing agents. Preferred alkalizing agents are one or more
inorganic salts as set forth herein. Suggested ranges of inorganic
salts are from about 0.1-40%, preferably about 0.5-35%, preferably
about 1-30% by weight of the total composition.
[0061] (iii). Particulate Fillers
[0062] The persulfate composition also referably comprises one or
more particulate fillers. Preferably, the bleach composition
comprises about 5-60%, preferably about 8-55%, more preferably
about 10-50% by weight of the total bleach composition of the
particulate fillers. The term "particulate filler" means a
generally inert particulate having a particle size of about 0.1-250
microns. The particulate fillers provide volume and, when mixed
with the persulfates, dilute the persulfate particles. A variety of
particulate fillers are suitable including inorganics, inorganic
salts, hydrophilic colloids, carbohydrates, soaps, alkyl sulfates,
and the like.
[0063] (aa) Inorganics
[0064] Examples of inorganics include silica, hydrated silica,
alumina, attapulgite, bentonite, calcium oxide, chalk, diamond
powder, diatomaceous earth, fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin,
mica, magnesium oxide, magnesium peroxide, montmorillonite, pumices
talc, tin oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, and the like.
[0065] (bb) Hydrophilic Colloids
[0066] Examples of suitable hydrophilic colloids include
hydroxyethylcellulose, locust bean gum, maltodextrin,
methylcellulose, agar, dextran, dextran sulfate, gelatin, pectin,
potassium alginate, sodium carboxymethylchitin, xanthan gum, and
the like.
[0067] (cc) Carbohydrates
[0068] Examples of suitable carbohydrates include sugars such as
glucose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, trehelose, and derivatives
thereof, in particular sugar esters of long chain, C.sub.14-30
fatty acids, as well as dextrins, cellulosics, and derivatives
thereof.
[0069] (dd) Soaps and Alkyl Sulfates
[0070] Examples of soaps and alkyl sulfate particles that may act
as particulate fillers include the aluminum, sodium and potassium
salts of fatty acids such as aluminum distearate, aluminum
isostearate, aluminum myristate, calcium behenate, calcium
stearate, calcium behenate, magnesium stearate, magnesium
tallowate, potassium palmitate, potassium stearate, potassium
oleate, sodium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium myristate, sodium
palmitate, and the like. Suitable alkyl sulfates include sodium
lauryl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate,
sodium octyl sulfate, and the like.
[0071] (iv). Inorpanic Colorants
[0072] If desired, the persulfate composition may comprise about
0.01-2%, preferably about 0.05-1%, more preferably about 0.1-1% by
weight of the total persulfate composition of an inorganic
colorant. The inorganic colorant is preferably in the particulate
form and will provide a subtle coloration to the powder composition
to make it more aesthetically pleasing for commercial purposes.
Particularly preferred for use in the persulfate composition is
ultramarine blue.
[0073] (v). Lipophilic Ingredients
[0074] It may be desirable to include one or more lipophilic
ingredients in the persulfate composition. If so, suggested ranges
of the lipophilic ingredient are from about 0.1-70%, preferably
about 0.5-60%, more preferably about 1-50% by weight of the total
composition. Suitable lipophilic ingredients include liquids,
solids, or semi-solids at room temperature (25.degree. C.).
Examples of such lipophilic ingredients include silicone oils,
organic oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydrocarbons, paraffins,
silicone waxes, and the like.
[0075] (b) The Oxidizing Agent Composition
[0076] The oxidizing agent composition is preferably aqueous based
and if so may be in the solution or emulsion form. If the latter,
the emulsion may be in the water-in-oil or oil-in-water form.
Further, the emulsion may also be in the microemulsion form, if
desired.
[0077] When the aqueous oxidizing agent is in the solution form the
composition preferably comprises about 1-30% by weight of the total
composition of an oxidizing agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide,
and about 70-99% by weight of the total composition of water. Other
water soluble ingredients may be included in the solution, such as
humectants, preservatives, water soluble thickeners, antioxidants,
and so on.
[0078] When the aqueous oxidizing agent composition is in the
emulsion form, the composition preferably comprises about 1-30% of
oxidizing agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide, about 50-99% water,
and about and 0.01-30%, preferably about 0.05-20%, more preferably
about 0.1-5% of an oily phase. The aqueous oxidizing agent
composition may be in the form of a water-in-oil or oil-in-water
emulsion or in the form of a transparent microemulsion wherein the
dispersed particles in the continuous phase are so small (generally
about 5-1500 .ANG.) that the composition is optically clear.
Examples of suitable microemulsion compositions are set froth in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,315,989, which is hereby incorporated by reference
in its entirety. It is also suitable that the aqueous is oxidizing
agent composition be in the form of a composition containing liquid
crystals as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,653, which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0079] The various ingredients that may be found in the aqueous
oxidizing agent composition (also referred to as "developer") are
as follows.
[0080] (i). Oxidizing Agent.
[0081] Preferably the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide,
although other suitable peroxides such as urea peroxide, sodium
perborate, etc. may be used as well. Preferably the aqueous
oxidizing agent composition contains hydrogen peroxide.
[0082] (ii). Lipophilic Ingredients
[0083] The lipophilic oil may be present in the aqueous oxidizing
agent composition if this composition is in the emulsion form. If
so, suggested ranges are about 1-85%, preferably about 3-70%,
preferably about 5-65% by weight of the total composition. The
lipophilic ingredients that are suitable for use in one embodiment
of the persulfate composition are also suitable for use in the
oxidizing agent composition.
[0084] (iii). Humectants
[0085] Humectants may be present in the aqueous oxidizing agent
composition. If so, suggested ranges are from about 0.01-10%, more
preferably about 0.05-8%, most preferably about 0.1-5% by weight of
the total composition of humectant. Suitable humectants include
monomeric, homopolymeric, and/or block copolymeric ethers as well
as mono-, di- or polyhydric alcohols.
[0086] Suitable ethers are formed by the polymerization of
monomeric alkylene oxides, generally ethylene or propylene oxide.
Such polymeric ethers have the following general formula: 1
[0087] wherein R is H or lower alkyl and n is the number of
repeating monomer units, and ranges from 1 to 500.
[0088] Also suitable are polyols such as glycerine or C.sub.1-4
alkylene glycols and the like. Particularly preferred are C.sub.1-4
alkylene glycols, in particular propylene and/or butylene glycol
and ethoxydiglycol.
[0089] Suitable mono-, di-, or polyhydric alcohols include
glycerin, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and
so on.
[0090] (v). Water Soluble Thickeners
[0091] The aqueous oxidizing agent composition may contain one or
more water soluble thickeners. If present suggested ranges are from
about 0.1-25%, preferably about 0.5-20%, more preferably 1-15% by
weight of the total composition. Suitable thickeners include
[0092] (aa) Acrylic Copolymer Thickeners
[0093] Suitable acrylic copolymeric thickeners are comprised of
monomers A and B wherein A is selected from the group consisting of
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof; and B is
selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-22 alkyl acrylate,
a C.sub.1-22 alky methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. Preferably,
the A monomer comprises one or more of acrylic acid or methacrylic
acid, and the B monomer comprises is selected from the group
consisting of a C.sub.1-10, most preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl
acrylate, a C.sub.1-10, most preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl
methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably the B monomer
is one or more of methyl or ethyl acrylate or methacrylate. Most
preferably, the acrylic copolymer is supplied in an aqueous
solution having a solids content ranging from about 10-60%,
preferably 20-50%, more preferably 25-45% by weight of the polymer,
with the remainder water. Preferably, the thickening agent is a
polymer comprised of A, B, and C monomers wherein A and B are as
defined above, and C has the general formula: 2
[0094] Preferably, in the copolymer used for the secondary
thickening agent in the preferred embodiment of the invention, A
and B are as above defined, and in the C monomer Z is
(CH.sub.2).sub.m, m is 1-2, n is 2, and o is 2-100, and R is a
C.sub.12-22 straight or branched chain alkyl. More preferably in
the C monomer m is 1, n is 2, o is 10, and R is C.sub.18 or
stearyl, and the compound is steareth-10 allyl ether/acrylate
copolymer, which may be purchased from Allied Colloids under the
tradename Salcare SC90.
[0095] Also suitable is an aqueous solution of an acrylic polymer
comprised of monomers A and B wherein A is selected from the group
consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof;
and B is selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-22 alkyl
acrylate, a C.sub.1-22 alky methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the A monomer comprises one or more of acrylic acid or
methacrylic acid, and the B monomer comprises is selected from the
group consisting of a C.sub.1-10, most preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl
acrylate, a C.sub.1-10, most preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl
methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably the B monomer
is one or more of methyl or ethyl acrylate or methacrylate. Most
preferably, the acrylic copolymer is supplied in an aqueous
solution having a solids content ranging from about 10-60%,
preferably 20-50%, more preferably 25-45% by weight of the polymer,
with the remainder water. The composition of the acrylic copolymer
may contain from about 0.1-99 parts of the A monomer, and about
0.1-99 parts of the B monomer. Preferably, the acrylic copolymer
contains enough of the A monomer to enable ionization in a basic
solution, thereby causing the ionized carboxylic acid groups in the
polymer to repel each other, and thereby "swallow" water.
Particularly preferred acrylic copolymer solutions suitable for use
in the developer composition include those sold by Seppic, Inc.,
under the tradename Capigel, in particular, Capigel 98, which is a
white liquid having a pH of 2 to 4, a solids content of about
29-31, a density of 1.04 to 1.08, and a viscosity of 700-1000
millipascal seconds at 25.degree. C.
[0096] (bb) Associative Thickeners
[0097] Various other types of associative thickeners may be
present, including water soluble urethane homo- and copolymers, and
the like.
[0098] (vi). Nonionic Surfactants
[0099] If desired, the oxidizing agent composition may contain one
or more nonionic surfactants. Recommended ranges are 0.01-10%,
preferably 0.05-8%, more preferably 0.1-7% by weight of the total
composition. Suitable nonionic surfactants include those set forth
below.
[0100] (aa) Alkoxylated Alcohols
[0101] Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcohols,
or ethers, formed by the reaction of an alcohol with an alkylene
oxide, usually ethylene or propylene oxide. Preferably the alcohol
is a fatty alcohol having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a straight or
branched, saturated or unsaturated carbon chain. Examples of such
ingredients include Beheneth 5-30, which is formed by the reaction
of behenyl alcohol and ethylene oxide where the number of repeated
ethylene oxide units is 5 to 30; Ceteareth 2-100, formed by the
reaction of a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol with ethylene
oxide, where the number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the
molecule is 2 to 100; Ceteth 1-45 which is formed by the reaction
of cetyl alcohol and ethylene oxide, and the number of repeating
ethylene oxide units is 1 to 45, and so on.
[0102] (bb) Alkoxylated Carboxylic Acids
[0103] Also suitable as the nonionic surfactant are alkyoxylated
carboxylic acids, which are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic
acid with an alkylene oxide or with a polymeric ether. The
resulting products have the general formula: 3
[0104] where RCO is the carboxylic ester radical, X is hydrogen or
lower alkyl, and n is the number of polymerized alkoxy groups. In
the case of the diesters, the two RCO-- groups do not need to be
identical. Preferably, R is a C.sub.6-30 straight or branched
chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, and n is from 1-100.
[0105] (cc) Sorbitan Derivatives
[0106] Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated
sorbitan and alkoxylated sorbitan derivatives. For example,
alkoxylation, in particular, ethoxylation, of sorbitan provides
polyalkoxylated sorbitan derivatives. Esterification of
polyalkoxylated sorbitan provides sorbitan esters such as the
polysorbates. Examples of such ingredients include Polysorbates
20-85, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan
sesquiisostearate, sorbitan stearate, and so on.
[0107] The aqueous oxidizing agent composition may also comprise a
variety of other ingredients including cationic, amphoteric, or
zwitterionic surfactants, preservatives if desired.
[0108] 3. Removal of the Bleach Composition
[0109] After the select strands of hair have been treated for the
desired period of time to cause the melanin to be bleached from the
hair, the bleach composition is removed from the hair. Preferably
this is accomplished by rinsing the hair with water to remove all
traces of the bleach composition. The objective is to remove as
much of the bleach composition as possible but leave the treated
hair strands having residual oxidizing agent thereon. Preferably,
the hair is rinsed with water for about 1 second to 5 minutes. Most
preferably, the hair should be rinsed with water for about 5 to 25
seconds. Even with strenuous rinsing, residual amounts of the
oxidizing agent that was present in the bleach composition will
remain on the treated strands, and in particular enough of the
residual oxidizing agent to be reactive with the dye contained in
the colorant composition to enable coloration of the bleached hair
strands.
[0110] 4. Application of the Colorant Composition
[0111] After the hair has been rinsed well with water, the colorant
composition is applied to the hair for a period of time sufficient
to react with only the treated strands of hair to form color
thereon. In particular, the colorant composition is free of
oxidizing agents but contains at least one dye that is reactive
with the oxidizing agent that was used in the aqueous oxidizing
agent composition, and which is found in residual amounts on the
hair fibers that were bleached with the bleach composition. Because
the colorant composition does not contain any oxidizing agents, it
is not operable to color hair by itself because the dye present is
not activated by contact with oxidizing agents as in a normal hair
coloring procedure. Instead, when the colorant composition, which
is free of oxidizing agents is applied to the entire head of hair,
the dye present in that composition will react with the residual
oxidizing agent that is left on the treated hair fibers. The
treated hair fibers will become colored, but the untreated hairs
will remain uncolored because they contain no residual oxidizing
agent and the hair colorant composition itself contains no
oxidizing agent so it is not operable by itself to color the hair.
Preferably, the colorant composition is in the form of a shampoo so
that the consumer can simply shampoo the hair for the desired
period of time after the bleach has been rinsed from the hair. Most
conveniently, the colorant composition is applied to the entire
head of hair, rather than just the bleached strands, yet the
oxidative dyes found therein will be reactive only with the
bleached hair strands having residual oxidizing agent thereon, and
will not have any impact on the untreated hair.
[0112] The colorant composition may contain a variety of
ingredients in addition to the dye that is present.
[0113] 5. The Colorant Composition
[0114] The colorant composition contains at least one oxidative
dye, either alone or in combination with a coupler for the
formation of oxidation dyes and, preferably, other ingredients.
Preferably the colorant composition is an aqueous form, comprising
from about 0.1-99% water in combination with the at least one dye.
The composition may be in the solution or emulsion form. Suitable
dyes are preferably oxidative dyes and include at least one primary
intermediate and at least one coupler for the formation of
oxidation dyes. Most preferred is where the colorant composition is
in the form of a shampoo which is used by the consumer to shampoo
the hair after the bleaching procedure has been completed.
[0115] (a). Primary Intermediates.
[0116] The colorant composition preferably comprises one or more
primary intermediates. Suggested ranges of primary intermediates
are about 0.0001-6%, preferably about 0.0005-5.5%, more preferably
about 0.001-5% by weight of the total composition. Such primary
intermediates are well known for use in hair color, and include
ortho or para substituted aminophenols or phenylenediamines, such
as para-phenylenediamines of the formula: 4
[0117] wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl substituted with one or more
hydroxy, methoxy, methylsulphonylamino, aminocarbonyl, furfuryl,
unsubstituted phenyl, or amino substituted phenyl groups; R.sub.3,
R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halogen, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl
substituted with one or more hydroxy or amino groups.
[0118] Specific examples of suitable primary intermediates include
para-phenylenediamine, 2-methyl-1,4-diaminobenzene,
2,6-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4diaminobenzene,
2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-chloro-1,4-diaminobenzene,
2-methoxy-1,4-diaminobenzene, 1-phenylamino-4-aminobenzene,
1-dimethylamino-4-aminobenzene, 1-diethylamino-4-aminobenzene,
1-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-aminobenzene,
1-methoxyethylamino-4-amino- benzene,
2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminoben-
zene, 2-isopropyl-1,4-diaminobenzene,
1-hydroxypropylamino-4-aminobenzene,
2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxy-1,4-diaminobenzene,
1-amino-4-hydroxybenzene, and derivatives thereof, and acid or
basic salts thereof.
[0119] Preferred primary intermediates are p-phenylenediamine,
p-aminophenol, o-aminophenol,
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene,
their salts and mixtures thereof.
[0120] (b). Color Coupler
[0121] Preferably the colorant composition comprises from about
0.0001-10%, more preferably about 0.0005-8%, most preferably about
0.001-7% by weight of the total composition of one or more color
couplers. Suitable color couplers include, for example, those
having the general formula: 5
[0122] wherein R.sub.1 is unsubstituted hydroxy or amino, or
hydroxy or amino substituted with one or more C.sub.1-6
hydroxyalkyl groups, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 are each independently
hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, or amino substituted with C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or C.sub.1-6 hydroxyalkyl group; and
R.sub.2, R.sub.4, and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 hydroxyalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together may form a methylenedioxy or
ethylenedioxy group. Examples of such compounds include
meta-derivatives such as phenols, catechol, meta-aminophenols,
meta-phenylenediamines, and the like, which may be unsubstituted,
or substituted on the amino group or benzene ring with alkyl,
hydroxyalkyl, alkylamino groups, and the like. Suitable couplers
include m-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminotoluene; 4-amino,
2-hydroxytoluene, phenyl methyl pyrazolone,
3,4-methylenedioxyphenol,
3,4-methylenedioxy-1-[(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino]- benzene,
1-methoxy-2-amino-4-[(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene,
1-hydroxy-3-(dimethylamino)benzene,
6-methyl-1-hydroxy-3[(beta-hydroxyeth- yl)amino]benzene,
2,4-dichloro-1-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene,
1-hydroxy-3-(diethylamino)benzene,
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-aminobenzene,
2-chloro-6-methyl-1-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene,
6-methoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-hydroxyethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene,
6-methoxy-5-ethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-ethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene,
1-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-3-aminobenzene,
2-methyl-1,3-diaminobenzene- ,
6-methoxy-1-amino-3-[(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino]-benzene,
6-(beta-aminoethoxy)-1,3-diaminobenzene,
6-(beta-hydroxyethoxy)-1-amino-3- -(methylamino)benzene,
6-carboxymethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene,
6-ethoxy-1-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-3-aminobenzene,
6-hydroxyethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene,
1-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene,
2-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene,
4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene,
5,6-dichloro-2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene,
1-hydroxy-3-amino-benzene,
1-hydroxy-3-(carbamoylmethylamino)benzene,
6-hydroxybenzomorpholine, 4-methyl-2,6-dihydroxypyridine,
2,6-dihydroxypyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 6-aminobenzomorpholine,
1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolo- ne, 1-hydroxynaphthalene,
1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene,
5-amino-2-methyl phenol, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindoline,
6-hydroxyindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,4-diamionphenoxyethanol, and
mixtures thereof.
[0123] Preferred color couplers include resorcinol, 1-naphthol,
2-methylresorcinol, 4-amino-2-hydroxy toluene,
m-aminophenol,2,4-diaminop- henoxyethanol, phenyl methyl
pyrazolone, their salts, or mixtures.
[0124] The colorant composition may also comprise a variety of
other ingredients to enhance the aesthetics and efficacy thereof,
as further set forth herein.
[0125] (c) Other Ingredients
[0126] (i). Surfactants or Emulsifiers
[0127] Preferably, the colorant composition comprises one or more
surfactants that assist in maintaining the composition in the
preferred emulsion form and aid in the foaming capability of the
composition. Suitable surfactants include anionic surfactants,
nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and the like.
[0128] (aa) Nonionic Surfactants
[0129] Suggested ranges of nonionic surfactant are about 0.01-10%,
preferably about 0.05-8%, more preferably about 0.1-7% by weight of
the total composition. Suitable nonionic surfactants include
alkoxylated alcohols or ethers, alkoxylated carboxylic acids,
sorbitan derivatives, and the like, as mentioned for use with the
oxidizing agent composition set forth above.
[0130] (bb) Anionic Suffactants
[0131] Preferably, the hair colorant composition is in the shampoo
form and comprises one or more cleansing surfactants such as
anionic surfactants. Preferred ranges of anionic surfactant are
about 0.1-25%, preferably about 0.5-20%, more preferably 1-15%, by
weight of the total composition. Suitable anionic surfactants
include alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates generally having the formula
ROSO.sub.3M and RO(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.xSO.sub.3M wherein R is
alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms, x is 1 to
about 10 and M is a water soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium,
potassium, or triethanolamine cation.
[0132] Another type of anionic surfactant which may be used in the
compositions of the invention are water soluble salts of organic,
sulfuric acid reaction products of the general formula:
R.sub.1--SO.sub.3--M
[0133] wherein R.sub.1 is chosen from the group consisting of a
straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to
about 18 carbon atoms; and M is a cation. Examples of such anionic
surfactants are salts of organic sulfuric acid reaction products of
hydrocarbons such as n-paraffins having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and a
sulfonating agent, such as sulfur trioxide.
[0134] Also suitable as anionic surfactants are reaction products
of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with
sodium hydroxide. The fatty acids may be derived from coconut oil,
for example.
[0135] In addition, succinates and succinimates are suitable
anionic surfactants. This class includes compounds such as disodium
N-octadecylsulfosuccinate; tetrasodium
N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecyl- sulfosuccinate; and esters of
sodium sulfosuccinic acid e.g. the dihexyl ester of sodium
sulfosuccinic acid, the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid,
and the like.
[0136] Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates
having about 12 to 24 carbon atoms. The term "olefin sulfonate"
means a compound that can be produced by sulfonation of an alpha
olefin by means of uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by
neutralization of the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that
any sultones which have been formed in the reaction are hydrolyzed
to give the corresponding hydroxy-alkanesulfonates. The
alpha-olefin from which the olefin sulfonate is derived is a
mono-olefin having about 12 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably about 14
to 16 carbon atoms.
[0137] Other classes of suitable anionic organic surfactants are
the beta-alkoxy alkane sulfonates or water soluble soaps thereof
such as the salts of C.sub.10-20 fatty acids, for example coconut
and tallow based soaps. Preferred salts are ammonium, potassium,
and sodium salts.
[0138] Still another class of anionic surfactants include N-acyl
amino acid surfactants and salts thereof (alkali, alkaline earth,
and ammonium salts) having the formula: 6
[0139] wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical,
preferably C.sub.10-18; R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl, or
--CH.sub.2COOM; R.sub.3 is CX.sub.2-- or C.sub.1-2 alkoxy, wherein
each X independently is H or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl or alkylester, n is
from 1 to 4, and M is H or a salt forming cation as described
above. Examples of such surfactants are the N-acyl sarcosinates,
including lauroyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, cocoyl
sarcosinate, and oleoyl sarcosinate, preferably in sodium or
potassium forms.
[0140] Also suitable are amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants that can be used in the
compositions of the invention are generally described as
derivatives of aliphatic secondary or tertiary amines wherein one
aliphatic radical is a straight or branched chain alkyl of 8 to 18
carbon atoms and the other aliphatic radical contains an anionic
group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or
phosphonate.
[0141] (ii). Thickening Agents
[0142] Preferably the colorant composition contains one or more
thickening agents that increase the viscosity of the composition
such that when it is applied to hair it doesn't run. The amount of
thickening agent, if present, is about 0.001-5%, preferably about
0.005-4%, more preferably about 0.005-3% by weight of the total
composition.
[0143] A variety of thickening agents are suitable including low
melting point waxes, carboxyvinyl polymers, cellulosic thickeners
(such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose),
and the like. Particularly preferred thickening agents are
cellulosic thickeners, either alone or in combination with low
melting point waxes such as emulsifying wax, fatty alcohols (e.g.
stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and the
like).
[0144] (iii) Alkalizing Agents
[0145] The colorant composition may contain one or more alkalizing
agents. If present, the suggested range is about 1-5% based on the
total weight of the colorant composition. The term "alkalizing
agent" means an ingredient that is capable of imparting alkalinity
(e.g. a pH of greater than 7) to the colorant composition. Suitable
alkalizing agents include ammonium hydroxide, metal hydroxides,
alkanolamines, sodium silicate, metal carbonates, sodium
metasilicate, and mixtures thereof. Suitable metal hydroxides and
carbonates include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides
or carbonates. Examples of such metal hydroxides include sodium
potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and so on. A particularly
preferred alkaline earth metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
Suitable alkanolamines include mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines
such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA),
triethanolamine (TEA), 2-aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol,
aminomethyl propanediol, bis-hydroxyethyl tromethamine,
diethanolamine, diethyl ethanolamine, diisopropanolamine,
dimethylamino methylpropanol, dimethyl MEA, isopropanolamine,
methylethanolamine, mixed isopropanolamines, triisopropanolamine,
tromethamine, and mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred
alkanolamine is MEA.
[0146] The alkalizing agent present in the colorant composition may
react with other ingredients in the mixture in situ, such as fatty
acids, proteins or hydrolyzed proteins, and the like. Depending on
the amount of alkalizing agent present and the presence or absence
of ingredients that will react with the alkalizing agent, it is
possible that the alkalizing agent may be completely reacted in
situ, partially reacted in situ, or not reacted at all if there are
no other ingredients in the composition that will react with the
alkalizing agent.
[0147] (iv). Fatty Acids
[0148] The colorant composition may contain one or more fatty
acids, and if so suggested ranges are about 0.001-15%, preferably
0.005-10%, most preferably 0.01-8% by weight of the total
composition. If fatty acids are present they will react with the
alkalizing agent to form soap in situ, which provides a more
shampoo-like character to the aqueous hair color composition once
it is applied to hair. Such fatty acids are of the general formula
RCOOH wherein R is a straight or branched chain, saturated or
unsaturated C.sub.6-30 alkyl. Examples of suitable fatty acids
include oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, myristic acid,
linoleic acid, and so on. Particularly preferred is oleic acid or
isostearic acid.
[0149] (v). Solvents
[0150] It may be desirable to include one or more solvents in the
colorant composition. Such solvents assist in solubilizing the
primary intermediate and coupler ingredients, in addition to the
other ingredients in the composition. The solvent is preferably
present at about 0.01-10%, preferably about 0.05-8%, more
preferably about 0.1-7% by weight of the total composition.
Suitable solvents include C.sub.2-4 alkanols such as ethanol,
isopropanol, propanol, etc., glycols such as butylene glycol,
propylene glycol, ethylene gylcol, glycerin, and the like as well
as derivatives thereof; as well as ethoxyglycols. The preferred
solvent comprises ethoxydiglycol.
[0151] (vi). Chelating Agents
[0152] Preferably, the colorant composition contains one or more
chelating agents that are capable of chelating the metal ions found
in water. If water contains too many extraneous metal ions they can
interfere with the coloration process. Preferred ranges of
chelating agent are 0.001-5%, preferably 0.005-4%, more preferably
0.01-3% by weight of the total composition. Preferred chelating
agents are EDTA, HEDTA, and sodium or potassium salts thereof.
[0153] (vii). Antioxidants, Preservatives
[0154] The colorant composition may also contain one or more
antioxidants or preservatives, as are known in the art. Suitable
ranges of such ingredients are preferably from about 0.0001-6% by
weight of the total composition.
[0155] (viii). Conditioners
[0156] The colorant composition may comprise one or more
conditioners that exert a conditioning effect on hair. A variety of
conditioners are suitable including cationic polymers, oily
conditioning agents, fatty alcohols, proteins, and so on. A
combined total weight of conditioners ranges from about 0.1-25%,
preferably 0.5-20%, more preferably 1-15% by weight of the total
composition.
[0157] (aa) Cationic Polymers
[0158] A variety of cationic polymers are suitable such as
quaternary derivatives of cellulose ethers or guar derivatives,
copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, polymers of dimethyldiallyl
ammonium chloride, acrylic or methacrylic polymers, quaternary
ammonium polymers, and the like.
[0159] (i) Quaternary Derivatives of Cellulose
[0160] Examples of quaternary derivatives of cellulose ethers are
polymers sold under the tradename JR-125, JR-400, JR-30M. Suitable
guar derivatives include guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride.
[0161] (ii) Copolymers of Vinylpyrrolidone
[0162] Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone having monomer units of the
formula: 7
[0163] wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, preferably
methyl;
[0164] y is 0 or 1, preferably 1
[0165] R.sup.2 is O or NH, preferably NH;
[0166] R.sup.3 is C.sub.xH.sub.2x where x is 2 to 18, or
--CH.sub.2--CHOH--CH.sub.2, preferably C.sub.xH.sub.2x where x is
2;
[0167] R.sup.4 is methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or C.sub.1-4 substituted
phenyl, preferably methyl; and
[0168] R.sup.5 is methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl.
[0169] (iii) Polymers of Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride
[0170] Homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, or
copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide are
also suitable. Such compounds are sold under the tradename MERQUAT
by Calgon.
[0171] (iv) Acrylic or Methacrylic Acid Polymers
[0172] Homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or
methacrylic acid, selected from monomer units acrylamide,
methylacrylamide, diacetone-acrylamide, acrylamide or
methacrylamide substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl, alkyl
esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, vinylpyrrolidone, or
vinyl esters are suitable for use.
[0173] (v) Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts
[0174] Also suitable are polymeric quaternary ammonium polymers
such as Polyquaternium 10, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 39.
[0175] (vi) Diquatenary Polydimethylsiloxanes
[0176] Also suitable are diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes such as
Quaternium-80, sold by Goldschmidt Corporation under the tradename
ABIL-Quat 3272.
[0177] Examples of other cationic polymers that can be used in the
compositions of the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,240,450 and 5,573,709, which are hereby
[0178] (bb) Oily Conditioning Agents
[0179] Also suitable are a variety of oily materials that provide
good conditioning effect to hair. Suitable oils are liquid at room
temperature and may comprise esters, hydrocarbons, and the like.
Preferably the composition comprises 0.001-20%, more preferably
0.005-15%, most preferably 0.01-10% by weight ofthe total
composition of such oils. Particularly preferred oily conditioning
agents are oils extracted from vegetable sources.
[0180] (cc) Nonionic Silicones
[0181] Also suitable as conditioning agents are one or more
silicones. Suitable silicone hair conditioning agents include
volatile or nonvolatile nonionic silicone fluids, silicone resins,
and silicone semi-solids of solids.
[0182] Volatile silicones are linear or cyclic silicones having a
measureable vapor pressure, which is defined as a vapor pressure of
at least 2 mm. of mercury at 20.degree. C. Examples of volatile
silicones are cyclic silicones having the general formula: 8
[0183] where n=3-7.
[0184] Also, linear volatile silicones that may be used in the
compositions of the invention have the general formula:
(CH.sub.3).sub.3Si--O--[Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2--O].sub.n--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3
[0185] where n=0-7, preferably 0-5.
[0186] The colorant composition may comprise water insoluble
nonvolatile silicone fluids including polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl
siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers,
amine-functional silicones, and mixtures thereof. Such silicones
have the following general formula: 9
[0187] wherein R and R' are each independently alkyl, aryl, or an
alkyl substituted with one or more amino groups, and x and y are
each independently 0-100,000, with the proviso that x+y equals at
least one and A is siloxy endcap unit. Preferred is where A is
methyl, R is methyl, and R' is an alkyl substituted with at least
two amino groups, most preferably an amine-functional silicone
having the formula: 10
[0188] which is known by the CTFA name
trimethylsilylamodimethicone.
[0189] The silicone hair conditioning agent may also be a silicone
polymer having the following general formula: 11
[0190] wherein R, R' and R" are each independently a C.sub.1-10
straight or branched chain alkyl or phenyl, and x and y are such
that the ratio of (RR'R").sub.3SiO.sub.1/2 units to SiO.sub.2 units
is 0.5 to 1 to 1.5 to 1.
[0191] Preferably R, R' and R" are a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and more
preferably are methyl and x and y are such that the ratio of
(CH.sub.3).sub.3SiO.sub- .1/2 units to SiO.sub.2 units is 0.75 to
1. Most preferred is this trimethylsiloxy silicate containing 2.4
to 2.9 weight percent hydroxyl groups which is formed by the
reaction of the sodium salt of silicic acid, chlorotrimethylsilane,
and isopropyl alcohol. The manufacture of trimethylsiloxy silicate
is set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,676,182; 3,541,205; and 3,836,437,
all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Trimethylsiloxy
silicate as described is available from Dow Corning Corporation
under the tradename 2-0749 and 2-0747, each of which is a blend of
about 40-60% volatile silicone and 40-60% trimethylsiloxy silicate.
Dow Corning 2-0749, in particular, is a fluid containing about 50%
trimethylsiloxy silicate and about 50% cyclomethicone. The fluid
has a viscosity of 200-700 centipoise at 25.degree. C., a specific
gravity of 1.00 to 1.10 at 25.degree. C., and a refractive index of
1.40-1.41.
[0192] Particulary preferred is where the colorant composition is a
shampoo which contains, by weight of the total composition,
about:
[0193] 0.0001-6%, of at least one primary intermediate,
[0194] 0.1-25% of an anionic surfactant,
[0195] 0.001-5%, of a thickening agent.
[0196] Additionally, the shampoo composition may contain one or
more of the ingredients, and in the suggested ranges, as set forth
above.
[0197] After the hair is treated for the desired period of time
with the hair colorant composition, the hair is rinsed well with
water to remove the colorant composition. The hair that was treated
with the bleach and hair colorant composition has been altered
while the hair that was not treated with the bleach composition
remains unchanged in color. If desired, a hair conditioner
composition can be applied to the entire head of hair to condition
and moisturize the hair. Any hair conditioner is suitable provided
it is capable of moisturizing and providing a conditioning effect
to the chemically treated hair fibers. Suitable conditioners are
typically aqueous based emulsion compositions such as those set
forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,989,533 and 6,143,286, both of which are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0198] The claimed method provides salon quality results in a fast,
easy, highlighting procedure that is very adaptable for at home
consumer use. It can be used on hair that has been previously
colored, and the highlights produced are custom colored.
[0199] The Kit
[0200] The invention is also directed to a kit for applying
highlights to hair comprising (i) a first receptacle containing a
oxidizing agent composition, (ii) a second receptacle containing a
persulfate composition, (iii) a comb through applicator for
attachment to the first or second receptacle; and (iv) a third
receptacle containing a colorant composition free of oxidizing
agents but containing at least one oxidative dye that will form
color on hair when reacted with the oxidizing agent found in the
first receptacle composition.
[0201] The kit in accordance with the invention is generally
depicted in FIG. 5. FIG. 5A shows a box that is a suitable
container for the all of the components that may be found in the
kit, as further shown in FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D, and 5F. Boxes are the
preferred container for the components of the kit because boxes are
cheap and because they are made of paper are environmentally
friendly. Nonetheless, other types of containers may be suitable
including plastic containers such as pails, boxes, and the like, or
even metal containers.
[0202] The kit may optionally contain a hair conditioner
composition as depicted in FIG. 5E, which is preferably stored in a
tube, although a packette form as depicted in FIG. 5G may be a
suitable receptacle for storing the hair conditioner composition if
it is present in the kit.
[0203] The kit comprises, a first receptacle 2 for storing the
oxidizing agent composition 1 as best depicted in FIG. 5B. FIG. 5B
shows the first receptacle 2 having a lid 2A affixed thereto during
storage. Also contained in the kit is a comb on applicator 6, the
preferred embodiment of which is depicted in FIG. 5C. Other
suitable comb on applicators include those depicted in FIGS. 1A-1E
in FIG. 1. The kit further contains a second receptacle that
contains the persulfate composition. The persulfate composition may
be stored in receptacles as depicted in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. The
packette form 4 is illustrated in FIG. 5D.
[0204] The kit further contains a comb on applicator 6 as depicted
in FIG. 5C. As previously noted, when the user begins the
highlighting process, the cover 2A is removed (see FIG. 3A) from
the receptacle 2 containing the oxidizing agent composition 1 as
depicted in FIG. 5B and the persulfate composition is combined with
the oxidizing agent composition 1. This can be accomplished by
pouring the persulfate composition into the receptacle 2 containing
the oxidizing agent composition 1, or alternatively, the oxidizing
agent composition 1 can be poured into the receptacle containing
the persulfate composition 6 if the persulfate composition is
contained in a suitable receptacle. The comb on applicator 6 is
designed to be affixed to either the receptacle 2 containing the
oxidizing agent composition 1 or the receptacle containing the
persulfate composition. Preferably, the comb on applicator 6 is
designed to be affixed to the receptacle 2 that contains the
oxidizing agent composition 1 as depicted in 5B. The comb on
applicator 6 is preferably affixed to the receptacle 2 by removing
the original lid 2A and attaching the comb on applicator 6. This is
done after the oxidizing agent composition and persulfate
composition are combined and mixed well. Preferably this is done by
incorporating the persulfate composition into the receptacle
containing the oxidizing agent composition and reattaching the lid
2A and shaking the receptacle to mix the contents well. Then the
lid 2A is removed and the comb on applicator 6 is affixed to the
receptacle.
[0205] The kit further comprises a colorant composition as
described herein, and depicted in FIG. 5F. The colorant composition
is preferably contained in a tube, although other forms such as
packettes or jars are suitable. The tube form is depicted in FIG.
5E.
[0206] If desired, the kit may contain other items such as plastic
gloves, instruction booklets, coupons, and other items designed to
assist the consumer in the highlighting process.
[0207] The compositions, methods and kits are further described in
connection with the following examples which are set forth for the
purposes of illustration only.
EXAMPLE 1
[0208] An oxidizing agent composition in the form of an aqueous
hydrogen peroxide based developer was prepared as follows:
1 w/w % EDTA 0.02 Propylene glycol 5.00 Laureth-23 1.50 Cetearyl
alcohol/sodium C12-15 alkyl sulfate 1.50 Cetearyl alcohol 1.00
Metaphosphoric acid 0.25 Disodium phosphate 0.05 Hydrogen peroxide
(35% aqueous solution) 26.00 Steareth-10 allyl ether methacrylates
copolymer 1.00 Water QS
[0209] The above mentioned developer composition was prepared by
combining the ingredients and mixing well.
EXAMPLE 2
[0210] A persulfate composition was prepared according to the
following formula:
2 w/w % Potassium persulfate 50.00 Sodium persulfate 12.00 Ammonium
persulfate 20.00 Sodium metasilicate 15.00 Hydrated silica 1.00
Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.00 Tetrasodium EDTA 1.00
EXAMPLE 3
[0211] A hair colorant composition in the shampoo form for
providing red highlights was prepared as follows:
3 w/w % Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.30 Ethoxydiglycol 2.00
Erythorbic acid 0.50 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.30 Sodium sulfite 0.50
P-phenylenediamine 2.00 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine 0.90 Sodium
lauryl sulfate (30% aqueous solution) 10.00 Sodium laureth sulfate
(28% aqueous solution) 20.00 Lauramide DEA (86% aqueous solution)
2.00 Cocamidopropyl betaine (35% solution) 4.00 Oleic acid 6.00
Ethanolamine 2.50 Fragrance 0.75 Water QS
EXAMPLE 4
[0212] A hair colorant composition in the shampoo form for
providing brown highlights was prepared as follows:
4 Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.03 Ethoxydiglycol 2.00 Erythorbic
acid 0.50 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.30 Sodium sulfite 0.50
P-phenylenediamine 0.06 Resorcinol 0.04 1-naphthol 0.04 Sodium
lauryl sulfate (30% aqueous solution) 10.00 Sodium laureth sulfate
(28% aqueous solution) 20.00 Lauramide DEA (86% aqueous solution)
2.00 Cocamidopropyl betaine (35% solution) 2.00 Oleic acid 6.00
Ethanolamine 2.50 Fragrance 0.50 Water QS
EXAMPLE 5
[0213] A hair colorant composition in the shampoo form for
providing blonde highlights was prepared as follows:
5 Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.03 Ethoxydiglycol 2.00 Erythorbic
acid 0.50 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.30 Sodium sulfite 0.50
P-phenylenediamine 0.001 1-naphthol 0.003 Sodium lauryl sulfate
(30% aqueous solution) 10.00 Sodium laureth sulfate (28% aqueous
solution) 20.00 Lauramide DEA (86% aqueous solution) 2.00
Cocamidopropyl betaine (35% solution) 2.00 Oleic acid 6.00
Ethanolamine 2.50 Fragrance 0.50 Water QS
EXAMPLE 6
[0214] Approximately 55 grams of the aqueous oxidizing agent
composition of Example 1 was mixed with 20 grams of the persulfate
composition of Example 2 to form a bleach composition. The bleach
composition was combed through the hair with the comb through
applicator attached to the receptacle depicted in FIG. 1F. The
bleach composition was left on the hair for 20 minutes, then rinsed
off with water for about 1 minute. The entire head of hair was then
shampooed with the hair colorant composition of Example 3 for about
2 minutes and rinsed well with water. Hair conditioner was then
applied and rinsed out well with water. The hair was towel dried.
The hair strands that were treated with the bleach composition
exhibited distinct, subtle red highlights while the untreated hair
remained the same color as it was prior to the procedure. The
treated strands exhibited uniform root to tip highlights.
[0215] While the invention has been described in connection with
the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of
the invention to the particular form set forth but, on the
contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications,
and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of
the invention as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *