U.S. patent application number 10/899642 was filed with the patent office on 2005-01-06 for method for manufacturing a steel sheet.
This patent application is currently assigned to NKK CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Funakawa, Yoshimasa, Imada, Sadanori, Inazumi, Toru, Inoue, Tadashi, Kikuchi, Hiroyasu, Motoyashiki, Yoichi, Nakata, Hiroshi.
Application Number | 20050000606 10/899642 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27530609 |
Filed Date | 2005-01-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20050000606 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Inoue, Tadashi ; et
al. |
January 6, 2005 |
Method for manufacturing a steel sheet
Abstract
A method for manufacturing a steel sheet comprising
rough-rolling a steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.12 weight
% C, 0.25 to 2 weight % Si, 0.5 to 2.5 weight % Mn, 0.1 weight % or
less Al, and a balance of substantially Fe and inevitable
impurities to form a sheet bar; finish-rolling the sheet bar at a
rolling end temperature of the Ar.sub.3 transformation point or
more; primary-cooling the finish-rolled steel sheet within 1 second
after completing the finish-rolling at a cooling speed of higher
than 200.degree. C./sec through a cooling range where-the
difference between the start temperature of the cooling and the end
temperature of the cooling is 100.degree. C. to below 250.degree.
C.; slowly cooling the primary-cooled steel at a cooling speed of
10.degree. C./sec or less, for 2 seconds to less than 20 seconds,
at a temperature of 580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C.; and coiling
the slowly cooled steel sheet at a temperature of 400.degree. C. to
below 540.degree. C.
Inventors: |
Inoue, Tadashi; (Fukuyama,
JP) ; Motoyashiki, Yoichi; (Fukuyama, JP) ;
Kikuchi, Hiroyasu; (Fukuyama, JP) ; Funakawa,
Yoshimasa; (Yokohama, JP) ; Nakata, Hiroshi;
(Fukuyama, JP) ; Imada, Sadanori; (Fukuyama,
JP) ; Inazumi, Toru; (Ann Arbor, MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FRISHAUF, HOLTZ, GOODMAN & CHICK, PC
767 THIRD AVENUE
25TH FLOOR
NEW YORK
NY
10017-2023
US
|
Assignee: |
NKK CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
27530609 |
Appl. No.: |
10/899642 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10899642 |
Jul 26, 2004 |
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10445631 |
May 27, 2003 |
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6818079 |
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10445631 |
May 27, 2003 |
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09838017 |
Apr 19, 2001 |
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6623573 |
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09838017 |
Apr 19, 2001 |
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PCT/JP00/06640 |
Sep 27, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
148/602 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C21D 8/0226 20130101;
C21D 8/021 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
148/602 |
International
Class: |
C21D 008/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 29, 1999 |
JP |
11-275956 |
Jan 14, 2000 |
JP |
2000-006633 |
Jun 9, 2000 |
JP |
2000-173934 |
Jun 21, 2000 |
JP |
2000-186535 |
Sep 5, 2000 |
JP |
2000-268896 |
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing a steel sheet comprising (a)
rough-rolling a steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.12 weight
% C, 0.25 to 2 weight % Si, 0.5 to 2.5 weight % Mn, 0.1 weight % or
less Al, optionally at least one element selected from the group
consisting of Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Cr and Mo, and a balance of
substantially Fe and inevitable impurities to form a sheet bar; (b)
finish-rolling the sheet bar at a rolling end temperature of the
Ar.sub.3 transformation point or more to form a finish-rolled
steel; (c) primary-cooling the finish-rolled steel sheet within 1.0
second after completing the finish-rolling at a cooling speed
higher than 20.degree. C./sec through a cooling range where the
difference between a start temperature of the cooling and an end
temperature of the cooling is in a range of 100.degree. C. to below
250.degree. C. to form a primary-cooled steel; (d) slowly cooling
the primary-cooled steel at a cooling speed of 10.degree. C./sec or
less, for a period of from 2 seconds to less than 20 seconds, at a
temperature range of 580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C. to form a
slowly cooled steel sheet; and (e) coiling the slowly cooled steel
sheet at a temperature of 400.degree. C. to below 540.degree.
C.
2. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 1,
further comprising heating the sheet bar at a heating unit disposed
at an inlet side of a continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between
stands of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
3. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the steel further contains 0.01 to 0.2 weight % of at least
one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, V and
Zr.
4. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the steel further contains at least one of 1 weight % or
less Cr and 0.5 weight % or less Mo.
5. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 2,
wherein a reduction in thickness at a final stand of the continuous
hot finish-rolling mill is less than 30%.
6. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the primary-cooling begins more than 0.5 seconds after
completing the finish-rolling.
7. (canceled)
8. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 3,
wherein the steel further contains at least one of 1 weight % or
less Cr and 0.5 weight % or less Mo.
9. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the steel has a composition of 0.084 weight % C, 1.08
weight % Si, 1.53 weight % Mn and 0.047 weight % Al, with the
balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
10. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim
1, wherein the steel has a composition of 0.068 weight % C, 0.95
weight % Si, 1.58 weight % Mn, 0.045 weight % Al, and 0.07 weight %
Ti, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
11. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim
9, wherein the finish-rolling is carried out at 850.degree. C.; the
primary-cooling begins 0.6 seconds after completing the
finish-rolling; the primary-cooling speed is 240.degree. C./sec;
the difference between the start temperature and the end
temperature of the primary-cooling is 115.degree. C.; the slow
cooling is carried out for 8 seconds; and the cooling is carried
out at 470.degree. C.
12. The method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to claim
9, wherein the finish-rolling is carried out at 850.degree. C.; the
primary-cooling begins 1.0 seconds after completing the
finish-rolling; the primary-cooling speed is 45.degree. C./sec; the
difference between the start temperature and the end temperature of
the primary cooling is 190.degree. C.; the slow cooling is carried
out for 10 seconds; and the cooling is carried out at 470.degree.
C.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of application
Ser. No. 10/445,631 filed May 27, 2003, which is a divisional
application of application Ser. No. 09/838,017 filed Apr. 19, 2001
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,573), which is a continuation application of
International application PCT/JP00/06640 (not published in English)
filed Sep. 27, 2000.
FIELD OF THEE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a steel sheet such as
hot-rolled steel sheet and cold-rolled steel sheet, and to a method
for manufacturing the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Steel sheets such as hot-rolled steel sheets and cold-rolled
steel sheets are used in wide fields including automobiles,
household electric appliances, and industrial machines. Since these
steel sheets are subjected to some processing before use, they are
requested to have various kinds of workability. For example, high
strength hot-rolled steel sheets which are not subjected to deep
drawing of 340 MPa or more strength are requested to have high
stretch flanging performance during burring.
[0004] Recently, the request of users of steel sheets regarding the
quality becomes severer than ever. The request includes not only
further improvement in the workability but also the homogeneity in
mechanical properties in a coiled product.
[0005] Responding to the requirements of the users, there are
several proposals. For example, JP-B-61-15929 and JP-B-63-57524,
(the term "JP-B" referred herein signifies the "Examined Japanese
Patent Publication"), disclose a method to improve the workability
of high strength hot-rolled steel sheet by controlling the cooling
speed after hot-rolled and by controlling the coiling temperature,
and JP-A-9-241742, (the term :JP-A" referred herein signifies the
"Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication"), discloses a method to
improve the homogeneity of mechanical properties in a hot-rolled
coil by continuation of the hot-rolling process.
[0006] The high strength hot-rolled steel sheets manufactured by
the method disclosed in JP-B-61-15929 and JP-B-63-67524, however,
failed to attain sufficiently superior stretch flanging
performance. Also when the method disclosed in JP-A-9-241742 is
applied to high strength steel sheet, homogeneous excellent
mechanical properties cannot be attained.
[0007] Since the high strength hot-rolled steel sheets having
texture consisting essentially of ferrite and martensite have
superior balance of elongation and strength and give excellent
workability, they are increasing in applications to various
structural members and parts aiming at weight reduction of
automobiles. Along with the ever-widening their application field,
the use conditions have increased in their severity, so that
further improvement in their workability is wanted. To increase the
balance of elongation and strength of that kind of textured steels,
further fine texture is required.
[0008] That type of textured steel is manufactured by cooling
(primary cooling) from the state of Ar.sub.3 transformation point
or above to the region of ferrite-austenite two phase temperatures,
and by holding the temperature region for a specified time to
enhance the ferrite transformation to enrich C to the austenite
phase, then by rapid cooling (secondary cooling) to transform the
austenite to martensite. Technologies to establish fine texture by
specifying the manufacturing conditions are proposed. For example,
JP-A-54-65118 discloses the technology to suppress the grain growth
by regulating the primary cooling speed to 80.degree. C./sec or
more. JP-A-56-33429 discloses the technology to obtain fine ferrite
by applying the temperatures to start the primary cooling of from
720 to 850.degree. C. and by applying the primary cooling speeds of
from 30 to 200.degree. C./sec. JP-A-60-121225 discloses the
technology to obtain finely dispersed ferrite and to obtain fine
martensite by applying cumulative drafts of 45% or more between the
Ar.sub.3 transformation point and the (Ar.sub.3 transformation
point+40.degree. C.).
[0009] However, all of JP-A-54-65118, JP-A-56-33429, and
JP-A-60-121225 have limitation to establish fine texture because
the technological investigation was conducted in a limited range of
primary cooling speeds of 200.degree. C./sec or less assuming the
application of cooling capacity of existing commercial facilities
or experimental apparatuses.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method
for manufacturing steel sheets which have excellent workability
including the stretch flanging performance and which have various
strength levels with homogeneous mechanical properties.
[0011] To attain the object, the present invention provides a
method for manufacturing steel sheet comprising the steps of:
forming a sheet bar; forming a steel strip; primary-cooling;
air-cooling; secondary-cooling; and coiling.
[0012] The step of forming the sheet bar comprises rough-rolling a
continuously cast slab consisting containing 0.8% or less C by
weight.
[0013] The step of forming the steel strip comprises finish-rolling
the sheet bar at finish temperatures of (Ar.sub.3 transformation
point-20.degree. C.) or more.
[0014] The step of primary-cooling comprises cooling the
finish-rolled steel strip at cooling speeds of higher than
120.degree. C./sec down to temperatures of from 500 to 800.degree.
C.
[0015] The step of air-cooling comprises air-cooling the
primary-cooled steel strip during a period of from 1 to 30
seconds.
[0016] The step of secondary-cooling comprises cooling the steel
strip at cooling speeds of 20.degree. C./sec or more after
air-cooling.
[0017] The step of coiling comprises coiling the secondary-cooled
steel strip at temperatures of 650.degree. C. or less.
[0018] For the case of continuously cast slab containing more than
0.8% C by weight, the step of forming the steel strip comprises
finish-rolling at finishing temperatures of (Arcm transformation
point-20.degree. C.) or more.
[0019] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method for manufacturing high strength steel sheet having excellent
sheet shape and workability, which steel sheet has superior balance
of elongation and strength by establishing fine structure without
damaging the sheet shape.
[0020] To attain the object, the present invention provides a
method for manufacturing steel sheet comprising the steps of:
forming a slab; hot-rolling; primary-cooling; applying slow cooling
or air-cooling; and coiling.
[0021] The step of forming the slab comprises the continuous
casting of a steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.2% C, 0.25
to 2% Si, 0.5 to 2.5% Mn, and 0.1% or less sol.Al, by weight.
[0022] The step of hot-rolling comprises rough-rolling the slab to
prepare sheet bar, and finish-rolling the sheet bar. The
finish-rolling is conducted by giving the reduction in thickness at
the final stand of less than 30%, and is completed in a temperature
range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to (Ar.sub.3
transformation point+60.degree. C.).
[0023] The step of primary cooling starts the cooling within 1.0
second after the completion of the hot-rolling, and the cooling
speed is higher than 200.degree. C./sec down to the temperatures of
from (Ar.sub.3 transformation point -30.degree. C.) to Ar.sub.1
transformation point.
[0024] The step of slow cooling or air-cooling is carried out at
cooling speeds of 10.degree. C. sec or less for 2 seconds or more
in the temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to
Ar.sub.1 transformation point.
[0025] The step of coiling is done after the secondary cooling at
temperatures of 300.degree. C. or less.
[0026] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method for manufacturing high strength steel sheet having excellent
workability such as local elongation.
[0027] To attain the object, the present invention provides a
method for manufacturing steel sheet comprising the steps of:
forming a sheet bar; finish-rolling; primary-cooling; applying slow
cooling; secondary-cooling; and coiling.
[0028] The step of forming the sheet bar comprises rough-rolling a
steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.2% C, 0.25 to 2% Si, 0.5
to 2.5% Mn, and 0.1% or less Al, by weight.
[0029] The step of finish-rolling comprises finish-rolling the
sheet bar at rolling temperatures of 1,050.degree. C. or less,
cumulative reductions in thickness of 30% or more, and end
temperatures of rolling of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to
(Ar.sub.3 transformation point+60.degree. C.).
[0030] The step of primary cooling comprises cooling within 1.0
second after completed the finish-rolling at cooling speeds of
higher than 200.degree. C./sec through a cooling range where the
difference between the temperature to start cooling and the end
temperature of the cooling is in a range of from 100.degree. C. to
less than 250.degree. C.
[0031] The step of slow cooling comprises cooling of the
primary-cooled steel sheet at cooling speeds of 10.degree. C./sec
or less for a period of from 2 seconds to less than 20 seconds in a
temperature range of from above 580.degree. to 720.degree. C.
[0032] The step of secondary cooling comprises cooling of the
slowly cooled steel at cooling speeds of 30.degree. C./sec or
more.
[0033] The step of coiling comprises coiling of the
secondary-cooled steel sheet at temperatures of below 400.degree.
C.
[0034] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for
manufacturing steel sheet comprising the steps of: forming a sheet
bar; finish-rolling; primary-cooling; applying slow cooling; and
coiling.
[0035] The step of forming sheet bar comprises rough-rolling a
steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.12% C, 0.25 to 2% Si, 0.5
to 2.5% Mn, 0.1% or less Al, by weight, and balance of
substantially Fe and inevitable impurities.
[0036] The step of finish-rolling comprises finish-rolling the
sheet bar at rolling end temperatures of Ar.sub.3 transformation
point or above.
[0037] The step of primary cooling comprises cooling of the
finish-rolled steel sheet within 1.0 second after completed the
finish-rolling at cooling speeds of more than 200.degree. C./sec
through a cooling range where the difference between the
temperature to start cooling and the end temperature of the cooling
is in a range of from 100.degree. C. to less than 250.degree.
C.
[0038] The step of slow cooling comprises cooling the
primary-cooled steel at cooling speeds of 10.degree. C./sec or less
for a period of from 2 seconds to less than 20 seconds in a
temperature range of from above 580.degree. C. to 720.degree.
C.
[0039] The step of coiling comprises coiling the slowly cooled
steel sheet at temperatures of from 400.degree. C. to below
540.degree. C.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of the time to start
cooling and the primary cooling speed on the TS.times.El value of
steel sheet according to the Embodiment 2.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows the influence of the primary cooling speed on
the balance of notch elongation and strength according to the
Embodiment 3.
[0042] FIG. 3 shows the balance of hole expanding ratio and the
strength according to the Embodiment 4.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
EMBODIMENT 1
[0043] The method for manufacturing steel sheet according to the
Embodiment 1 comprises the steps of: forming a sheet bar by
rough-rolling a continuously cast slab containing 0.8% or less C by
weight; forming a steel strip by finish-rolling the sheet bar at
finishing temperatures of finish-rolling of not less than (Ar.sub.3
transformation point-20.degree. C.); primary-cooling the steel
strip after the finish-rolling down to temperatures of from 500 to
800.degree. C. at cooling speeds of higher than 120.degree. C./sec;
air-cooling the primary-cooled steel strip for a period of from 1
to 30 seconds; secondary-cooling the steel strip allowed to stand
for cooling at cooling speeds of 20.degree. C./sec or more; and
coiling the steel strip after the secondary cooling at coiling
temperatures of 650.degree. C. or less.
[0044] When the continuously cast slab containing 0.8% or less C by
weight and when the sheet bar is finish-rolled at finish-rolling
temperatures of (Ar.sub.3 transformation point-20.degree. C.) or
above, the grain size immediately after the finish-rolling can be
reduced, which give fine grains in succeeding stages. As a result,
the succeeding stages give fine grains, and the workability is
improved, including the improvement in balance of strength and
elongation and in stretch flanging performance.
[0045] When, after the rolling, the steel strip is primary-cooled
at cooling speeds of more than 120.degree. C./sec down to the
temperature range of from 500 to 800.degree. C., the ferritic
grains and the precipitates such as pearlite after the
transformation can be reduced in their size, thus improving the
workability.
[0046] When, after the primary-cooling, the steel strip is
air-cooled for a period of from 1 to 30 seconds, and when the steel
is then secondary-cooled at cooling speeds of 20.degree. C./sec or
more, the structure of a coil after coiled can be homogenized, so
the homogeneity of mechanical properties in a coil can be
attained.
[0047] When, after the secondary-cooling, the steel strip is coiled
at coiling temperatures of 650.degree. C. or less, adequate low
temperature transformation phase responding to respective
compositions of the high strength steel sheets can be attained.
[0048] If the C content exceeds 0.8% by weight, a steel sheet
having excellent workability and homogeneous mechanical properties
can be obtained by finish-rolling at finish temperatures of (Acm
transformation point-20.degree. C.) or more while keeping other
conditions to the same with those in the case of 0.8% or less C by
weight.
[0049] When the continuously cast slab is heated to 1,230.degree.
C. or less followed by rough-rolling without cooling thereof to
room temperature, the slab temperature before the rolling can be
uniformized, and the mechanical properties in a coil can further be
homogenized.
[0050] When the material being rolled is heated by an induction
heating unit immediately before the finish-rolling or during the
finish-rolling, the temperature of the material being rolled during
the rolling can be uniformized, and the mechanical properties in a
coil can further be homogenized.
[0051] When the primary cooling starts within a period of more than
0.1 second and less than 1.0 second after completed the
finish-rolling, the ferritic grains and precipitates such as
pearlite after the transformation can further be refined, and the
workability can further be improved.
[0052] To reduce the dispersion of material quality of hot-rolled
steel strip to more preferable level, it is necessary to regulate
the above-described temperature to stop the rapid cooling into the
range of the present invention and to regulate the variations of
temperature (maximum value-minimum value) in the coil width
direction and in the longitudinal direction thereof to 60.degree.
C. or less. The temperature in the coil width direction according
to the present invention indicates the range excluding the 30 mm
distance from each of the edges of the coil width taking into
account also of the measurement method of temperature sensor.
[0053] As for the rapid cooling capacity, the variations of
temperature after the above-described rapid cooling can be reduced
by applying the cooling at heat transfer coefficients of 2,000
kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C. or more.
[0054] Thus, according to the present invention, the obtained steel
sheet has the variations in tensile strength in the width direction
of the steel sheet and in the longitudinal direction thereof within
.+-.8% of the average of tensile strength in a coil by reducing the
temperature variations in a coil. That type of steel sheet having
narrow dispersion gives less variations of press-workability (such
as spring back during bending working) and gives superior material
performance.
[0055] According to the present invention, the composition of the
steel is not specifically limited, and compositions of existing
high strength hot-rolled steel sheets and of high strength
cold-rolled steel sheets having various strength levels are
applicable. That is, not only simple carbon steel sheets but also
steel sheets containing special elements such as Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Zr,
Ca, and B are applicable.
[0056] The steel sheet according to the present invention can be
manufactured by ordinary steel making and hot-rolling process. The
hot direct rolling process which directly hot-rolls the
continuously cast slab without passing through heating furnace can
also be applied. Furthermore, the continuous rolling process which
uses a coil box and the like is also effectively applicable.
Immediately before the finish-rolling or during the finish-rolling,
when the material being rolled is heated by an induction heating
unit, edge heating is also effective.
[0057] In the hot-rolling, when the finish-rolling is carried out
so as the difference in the finish temperature in the material
being rolled preferably to regulate within 50.degree. C., the
structure within the steel strip immediately after the
finish-rolling can be homogenized. Thus, the homogeneity in the
mechanical properties in the coiled steel strip can be established.
From the point of establishing fine structure and of homogeneous
structure, the upper limit of the C content is preferably regulated
to (Ar.sub.3 transformation point+5.degree. C.) or less for the
case of 0.8% or less C, by weight, and to (Acm transformation
point+100.degree. C.) or less for the case of 0.8% or less C, by
weight.
[0058] In the primary cooling, to assure the dispersion in material
quality to more preferable level, it is preferred to regulate the
time to start the primary cooling to more than 0.5 second within
the range of the present invention. As for the cooling speed, it is
preferred to regulate to 200.degree. C./sec or more, more
preferably to 400.degree. C./sec or more, from the point to attain
finer structure. For reducing the variations in temperature in a
coil, a preferable heat transfer coefficient is 5,000
kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C. or more, and more preferably 8,000
kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C. or more.
[0059] Regarding the homogeneity of material quality, preferably
the variations in tensile strength is maintained within .+-.4% to
significantly improve the performance at users shops. In that case,
the dispersion in the material quality can be narrowed to
above-described range by regulating the variations of the
temperature to stop the rapid cooling (primary cooling) within 40%.
Furthermore, to obtain the variations in tensile strength within
.+-.2%, the variations of temperature to stop the rapid cooling may
be regulated to 20.degree. C. or less. The reduction in the
variations of material quality can be derived from the relation
between the variations in these temperatures and the variations in
the tensile strength.
[0060] To regulate the secondary cooling speed to 100.degree.
C./sec or more is further preferable to improve the workability
through establishing fine structure.
[0061] When thus obtained hot-rolled coil is cold-rolled followed
by annealing, the cold-rolled steel sheet that has excellent
workability and homogeneous mechanical properties can be
manufactured. In that case, the annealing is further preferred to
be given by continuous annealing to establish homogeneous
mechanical properties.
EXAMPLE 1
[0062] Steels Nos. 1 through 5 having the chemical compositions
given in Table 1 were prepared by melting. The steels were rolled
under the hot-rolling conditions given in Table 2 to form
respective hot-rolled coils Nos. 1 through 11, each having a
thickness of 3 mm. The heat transfer coefficients in the rapid
cooling (primary cooling) in Example 1 were 3,000 to 4,000
kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C.
[0063] Tension testing specimens were prepared by cutting at 5
positions on each of the hot-rolled coil in the longitudinal
direction thereof. On each specimen, average tensile strength (TS),
total elongation (EI), dispersion in tensile strength (.DELTA. TS)
were determined. For a part of the hot-rolled coils, hole expanding
ratio (.lambda.) and dispersion in hole expanding ratio (.DELTA.
.lambda.) were determined. The results are given in Table 3.
[0064] As clearly shown by comparing the Examples according to the
present invention with the Comparative Examples, the Examples of
the present invention give smaller values of .DELTA.TS, .DELTA.El,
and .DELTA..lambda. than those in the Comparative Examples, and
give superior homogeneity of mechanical properties in a coil,
further give higher El and .lambda. values with superior
workability in hot-rolled coil.
EXAMPLE 2
[0065] Steels Nos. 1 through 5 having the chemical compositions
given in Table 1 were rolled under the hot-rolling conditions given
in Table 4 to form respective hot-rolled coils Nos. 12 through 22,
each having a thickness of 3 mm. The heat transfer coefficient in
the primary cooling was 12,000 kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C. for the
steels Nos. 12 through 17 of the Examples of the present invention,
and 1,000 kcal/m.sup.2h.degree. C. for the steels Nos. 18 through
22 of the Comparative Examples.
[0066] On each of these hot-rolled coils, the mechanical properties
were determined similar to the Example 1. The result is shown in
Table 5.
[0067] As clearly seen by comparing the steel sheets Nos. 12
through 17 of the Examples of the present invention with the steel
sheets Nos. 18 through 22 of the Comparative Examples, having
respective chemical compositions, the dispersions of mechanical
properties, .DELTA.TS and .DELTA.El, were smaller in the Examples
of the present invention than those in the Comparative Examples,
for all the chemical compositions tested. To the contrary, the
steel sheets Nos. 18 through 22 of the Comparative Examples failed
to satisfy one or more of the manufacturing conditions specified by
the present invention, giving inferior homogeneity in the
mechanical properties or inferior workability to the steel sheets
Nos. 12 through 17 of the Examples of the present invention having
the same chemical composition to the Comparative Example
steels.
[0068] According to the Example 2, the variations of the
temperature to stop the rapid cooling (primary cooling) within a
coil are smaller than those in the conventional laminar cooling in
the Comparative Examples, and the variations of mechanical
properties are reduced to more preferable level. The cooling method
according to the Example 2 is the perforated ejection type that has
high heat transfer coefficient.
1TABLE 1 Steel C Si Mn S P O N Other 1 0.850 0.24 0.47 0.003 0.017
0.0020 0.0025 Zr: 0.005 2 0.071 0.03 1.23 0.001 0.012 0.0021 0.0040
Ti: 0.082 3 0.092 0.83 1.57 0.001 0.012 0.0020 0.0035 Ti: 0.020 Ca:
0.002 4 0.083 0.40 1.45 0.001 0.017 0.0018 0.0034 B: 0.0025 5 0.222
1.62 1.53 0.001 0.010 0.0021 0.0014 --
[0069]
2TABLE 2 Difference Time to End tem- Slab in finish start the
Primary perature of Time Secondary Steel heat- tem- primary cooling
the primary of air- cooling Coiling sheet Steel treatment Finish
temperature perature cooling speed cooling cooling speed
temperature No. No. history (.degree. C.) (.degree. C.) (sec)
(.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.) (sec) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree.
C.) Remark 1 1 Casting, (Arcm + 20).about.(Arcm + 50) 30 1.3 250
650 6 25 600 E then heating to 1,250.degree. C. 2 2 Casting, (Ar3 +
15).about.(Ar3 + 45) 30 0.4 225 700 7 200 605 E then hot direct
rolling 3 2 Casting, (Ar3 + 15).about.(Ar3 + 45) 30 1.3 180 690 7
25 585 E then hot direct rolling 4 3 Casting, (Ar3 + 30).about.(Ar3
+ 40) 10 0.5 200 680 6 30 30 E then heating to 1,200.degree. C. 5 4
Casting, (Ar3 + 5).about.(Ar3 + 25) 20 0.3 200 690 10 35 450 E then
heating to 1,200.degree. C. 6 5 Casting, Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 20) 20
0.5 240 680 8 25 400 E then heating to 1,200.degree. C. 7 1
Casting, (Arcm - 10).about.(Arcm + 55) 65 1.1 195 660 7 15 610 C
then heating to 1,250.degree. C. 8 2 Casting, (Ar3 + 20).about.(Ar3
+ 40) 20 0.7 210 710 8 15 605 C then hot direct rolling 9 3
Casting, (Ar3 + 25).about.(Ar3 + 50) 25 0.5 185 680 6 25 30 C then
heating to 1,200.degree. C. 10 4 Casting, Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 25) 25
0.3 190 690 6 60 450 C then heating to 1,200.degree. C. 11 5
Casting, Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 15) 15 0.3 75 705 10 50 410 C then
heating to 1,200.degree. C. E: Example C: Comparative example
[0070]
3TABLE 3 Steel sheet Mechanical properties of hot-rolled coil No.
Steel No. TS(MPa) .DELTA. TS(MPa) EI(%) .DELTA. EI(%) .lambda.(%)
.DELTA. .lambda.(%) Remark 1 1 1030 41 18 3 -- -- Example 2 2 625
23 28 5 110 20 Example 3 2 620 25 25 6 100 25 Example 4 3 550 19 30
6 140 30 Example 5 4 542 12 31 5 130 25 Example 6 5 712 28 36 3 --
-- Example 7 1 1015 70 13 5 -- -- Comparative example 8 2 580 50 20
6 80 30 Comparative example 9 3 575 27 28 9 85 31 Comparative
example 10 4 545 25 26 1 85 38 Comparative example 11 5 710 29 29 6
-- -- Comparative example
[0071]
4TABLE 4 Difference Time to Variations in start in end tem- finish
the Primary perature of Time of Secondary Coiling Steel Slab tem-
primary cooling the primary air- cooling tem- sheet Steel
heat-treatment Finish temperature perature cooling speed cooling
cooling speed perature No. No. history (.degree. C.) (.degree. C.)
(sec) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.) (sec) (.degree. C./sec)
(.degree. C.) Remark 12 1 Casting, then heating (Arcm +
20).about.(Arcm + 30 1.3 430 640.about.662 6 20 600 E to
1,250.degree. C. 50) 13 2 Casting, then hot (Ar3 + 25).about.(Ar3 +
45) 20 0.6 450 680.about.720 7 200 600 E direct rolling 14 2
Casting, then hot (Ar3 + 15).about.(Ar3 + 45) 30 1.3 430
675.about.704 7 20 570 E direct rolling 15 3 Casting, then heating
(Ar3 + 30).about.(Ar3 + 40) 10 0.6 430 663.about.690 6 15 30 E to
1,200.degree. C. 16 4 Casting, then heating (Ar3 + 5).about.(Ar3 +
35) 30 0.3 420 674.about.712 10 30 450 E to 1,200.degree. C. 17 5
Casting, then heating Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 20) 20 0.6 455 670.about.695
8 25 400 E to 1,200.degree. C. 18 1 Casting, then heating (Arcm -
10).about.(Arcm + 65 1.1 60 630.about.691 7 10 610 C to
1,250.degree. C. 55) 19 2 Casting, then heating (Ar3 +
20).about.(Ar3 + 40) 20 0.7 55 665.about.734 8 25 610 C to
1,250.degree. C. 20 3 Casting, then heating (Ar3 + 25).about.(Ar3 +
50) 25 0.5 50 649.about.713 6 25 30 C to 1,200.degree. C. 21 4
Casting, then heating Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 25) 25 0.4 60 661.about.724
6 60 450 C to 1,200.degree. C. 22 5 Casting, then heating
Ar3.about.(Ar3 + 15) 15 0.4 60 670.about.725 10 50 400 C to
1,200.degree. C. E: Example C: Comparative example
[0072]
5TABLE 5 Steel sheet Steel Mechanical properties of hot-rolled coil
No. No. TS(MPa) .DELTA. TS(MPa) EI(%) .DELTA. EI(%) Remark 12 1
1020 31 19 2 Example 13 2 620 18 28 3 Example 14 2 616 16 26 4
Example 15 3 560 16 31 4 Example 16 4 541 10 32 4 Example 17 5 700
20 36 2 Example 18 1 1015 105 12 6 Comparative example 19 2 585 80
20 7 Comparative example 20 3 580 53 29 9 Comparative example 21 4
550 50 27 8 Comparative example 22 5 705 64 29 7 Comparative
example
EMBODIMENT 2
[0073] To investigate on refining structure on the basis of primary
cooling speeds of higher than 200.degree. C./sec, the inventors of
the present invention developed a proximity rapid cooling unit, and
conducted detail studies varying the rolling conditions. The
inventors found that, under the condition of primary cooling speeds
of higher than 200.degree. C./sec, a fine structure exceeding the
above-described conventional technology level can be attained even
when the reduction in thickness at the final stand of the
finish-rolling mill is less than 30% if only the finish-rolling is
completed at temperatures of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to
(Ar.sub.3 transformation point+60.degree. C.) and the period of
from the completion of the finish-rolling to the start of cooling
is within 1.0 second. Thus, the inventors completed the present
invention.
[0074] There are several studies on the time to start cooling. For
example, JP-A-10-195588 discloses the technology in which the
hot-rolling is completed at Ar.sub.3 transformation point or above,
and the cooling starts within a period of from 0.1 to 5.0 seconds
after the completion of the hot-rolling, giving the primary cooling
speeds of 50.degree. C. sec or more. The technology, however, does
not specify the end temperature of the finish-rolling, and the
technology investigates only in the region of 200.degree. C./sec or
lower primary cooling speed. Therefore, the effect of the
technology of limiting the temperature to start cooling stays at
enhancement of ferrite transformation owing to the prevention of
formation of coarse austenitic grains before the transformation, as
described in the patent publication, not the effect of establishing
fine structure.
[0075] To the contrary, the present invention realizes fine
structure by limiting the range of end temperature of
finish-rolling and by regulating the time to start cooling after
the rolling, based on the primary cooling speeds of higher than
200.degree. C./sec.
[0076] That is, the present invention provides the following-given
(1) through (4).
[0077] (1) A method for manufacturing high strength hot-rolled
steel sheet giving excellent sheet shape and workability, which
method comprises the steps of continuously casting a steel
consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.2% C, 0.25 to 2.0% Si, 0.5 to
2.5% Mn, and 0.1% or less Al, by weight, and applying hot-rolling
to the obtained slab directly or after reheating thereof. The
finish-rolling after the rough-rolling is carried out with the
reductions in thickness at the final stand of less than 30%, and
the finish-rolling is completed at temperature range of from
Ar.sub.3 transformation point to (Ar.sub.3 transformation
point+60.degree. C.). The cooling of the hot-rolled steel sheet
starts the primacy cooling within 1.0 seconds after the completion
of hot-rolling, and the primary cooling is conducted at cooling
speeds of higher than 200.degree. C./sec down to the temperatures
of from (Ar.sub.3 transformation point-30.degree. C.) to Ar.sub.1
transformation point. Slow cooling or air-cooling of the
primary-cooled steel sheet is given in a temperature range of from
Ar.sub.3 transformation point to Ar.sub.1 transformation point at
cooling speeds of 10.degree. C./sec or less for 2 seconds or more.
Secondary cooling is applied to the steel sheet after the slow
cooling or the allowed to stand for cooling at cooling speeds of
30.degree. C./sec or more. Then coiling is applied to the
secondary-cooled steel sheet at temperatures of 300.degree. C. or
below.
[0078] (2) The method for manufacturing high strength hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described (1) giving excellent sheet shape and
workability further comprises the step-of heating the sheet bar at
inlet side of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between
stands of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
[0079] (3) The method for manufacturing high strength hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described (1) or (2) giving excellent sheet
shape and workability, wherein the steel further contains 0.01 to
0.2%, by weight, at least one element selected from the group
consisting of Ti, Nb, V, and Zr.
[0080] (4) The method for manufacturing high strength hot-rolled
steel sheet of either one of above-described (1) through (3) giving
excellent sheet shape and workability, wherein the steel further
contains at least one of 1% or less Cr and 0.5% or less Mo.
[0081] The present invention is further described in detail in the
following.
[0082] The hot-rolled steel sheets according to the present
invention are used for automobile parts, members for mechanical
structures, and the like, and are high strength hot-rolled steel
sheets that have 490 to 980 MPa class tensile strength and have
excellent sheet shape and workability, or their steel sheets. In
the high strength steel sheets according to the present invention,
to attain superior workability level from either of manufacturing
processes of hot direct rolling process in which the continuous
casting through the hot-rolling are directly conducted or of
manufacturing process accompanied with reheating, it is necessary
to control the specified contents of C, Si, Mn, sol.Al, and other
specified added elements in the steel, and furthermore, it is
necessary to control the hot-rolling conditions (end temperature of
finish-rolling, time to start the runout table cooling after
completed the finish-rolling, runout table cooling speed, and
coiling temperature).
[0083] The following is the description on the chemical composition
and microstructure of the steel and on the manufacturing conditions
for the steel according to the present invention.
[0084] (1) Steel microstructure
[0085] The steel composition according to the present invention is
essentially of: 0.04 to 0.2% C, 0.25 to 2.0% Si, 0.5 to 2.5% Mn,
and 0.1% or less sol.Al, by weight, and, at need, 0.01 to 0.2% the
sum of at least one element selected from the group consisting of
Ti, Nb, V, and Zr, and, furthermore at need, one or both of 1% or
less Cr and 0.5% or less Mo.
[0086] C: 0.04 to 0.2%
[0087] Carbon improves the hardenability of non-transformed
austenite, and allows the presence of adequate amount of martensite
or of an adequate amount of mixture of martensite and bainite in
the texture. If, however, the C content is less than 0.04%, the
above-given effect cannot be attained. And, if the C content
exceeds 0.2%, the workability and the weldability degrade.
Accordingly, the C content is specified to a range of from 0.04 to
0.2%.
[0088] Si: 0.25 to 2.0%
[0089] Silicon is an element that strengthens ferrite by
strengthening solid solution, that enhances the precipitation of
ferrite during slow cooling or air-cooling after the hot-rolling in
a temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to the
Ar.sub.1 transformation point, thus to precipitate the ferrite
within a short time, and that contributes to the C enriching to the
non-transformed austenite. However, if the Si content is less than
0.25%, the above-given effect cannot be attained. And, if the Si
content exceeds 2.0%, the weldability and the surface properties
degrades. Consequently, the Si content is specified to a range of
from 0.25 to 2.0%.
[0090] Mn: 0.5 to 2.5%
[0091] Manganese is an element to enhance the hardenability of
non-transformed austenite, and has the same effect as that of
above-described C. If, however, the Mn content is less than 0.5%,
the above-given effect cannot be attained. And, if the Mn content
exceeds 2.5%, the above-given effect saturates, and a banded
structure is formed to degrade the workability of the steel sheet.
Therefore, the Mn content is specified to a range of from 0.5 to
2.5%.
[0092] Sol. Al: 0.1% or less
[0093] Aluminum is used as a deoxidizer and has an effect to
enhance the workability by fixing N which exists as an inevitable
impurity. If, however, the content of sol.Al exceeds 0.1%, the
effect saturates, and the cleanliness is degraded to degrade the
workability. Thus, the content of sol.Al is specified to 0.1% or
less.
[0094] Ti, Nb, V, Zr: 0.01 to 0.2% as the sum of one or more of
them
[0095] Titanium, Nb, V, and Zr may be added at one or more of them
to a range of from 0.01 to 0.2% as sum of them, at need, either to
attain the strength adjustment or to attain the non-aging property
(improved deep drawing performance) through the solid solution C
and N by forming carbo-nitrides. By utilizing the addition of these
elements and by adopting the manufacturing method described later,
further improved strength and workability of the steel sheet can be
attained.
[0096] One or both of 1% or less Cr and 0.5% or less Cr
[0097] Chromium and Mo are the elements to enhance the
hardenability of non-transformed austenite, and have similar effect
with that of C and Mn. They are, however, expensive elements, and
excessive addition increases the cost, and degrades the
weldability. The cost increase and the degradation in weldability
occur in the case that Cr content exceeds 1% and that Mn content
exceeds 0.5%. Accordingly, the Cr content is specified to 1% or
less, and the Mn content is specified to 0.5% or less.
[0098] According to the present invention, adding to the
above-given components, Ca may be added to 0.005% or less, for
example, to improve the workability. Other elements, for example,
trace amount elements may further be added to improve the
hot-workability, as far as the effect of the present invention is
not affected.
[0099] (2) Manufacturing conditions
[0100] According to the present invention, a steel having the
above-described composition is continuously cast to form a slab,
and the slab is hot-rolled directly or after reheated. After the
rough-rolling, finish-rolling is given to the slab at reductions in
thickness of less than 30% at the final stand, and the
finish-rolling is completed at temperatures of from Ar.sub.3
transformation point to (Ar.sub.3 transformation point+60.degree.
C.). Then, the cooling starts within 1.0 second after completed the
finish-rolling at primary cooling speeds of more than 200.degree.
C./sec through a cooling range of from (Ar3 transformation
point-30.degree. C.) to Ar.sub.1 transformation point. And, slow
cooling or air-cooling is applied at cooling speeds of 10.degree.
C./sec or less through a cooling range of from
Ar.sub.3transformation point to Ar.sub.1 transformation point for 2
seconds or more. And the secondary cooling is applied at cooling
speeds of 30.degree. C./sec or more. Then coiling is applied at
temperatures of 300.degree. C. or below.
[0101] The reason to specify the reduction in thickness at the
final stand to less than 30% is to adjust the sheet shape. If the
reduction in thickness at the final stand is 30% or more, the
adjustment of sheet shape becomes difficult, and the steel sheet
having superior sheet shape cannot be attained. The lower limit of
the reduction in thickness at the final stand is not specifically
specified. However, it is preferable that the drafting is carried
out at reduction in thickness of 1% or more to assure the shape
adjustment.
[0102] The finish-rolling is completed in a temperature range of
from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to (Ar.sub.3 transformation
point+60.degree. C.), followed by starting the runout table cooling
within 1.0 second after the completion of the hot-rolling, then by
conducting the primary cooling at cooling speeds of higher than
200.degree. C./sec down to the temperature range of from (Ar.sub.3
transformation point-30.degree. C.) to Ar.sub.1 transformation
point. The reason of the procedure is, aiming at the establishing
fine mixed structure of ferrite and austenite which are transformed
and generated during succeeding slow cooling or air-cooling through
the temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to
Ar.sub.1 transformation point, to reduce the austenitic grain size
before starting the runout table cooling, to increase the density
of the transformed band within the austenitic grains, thus to
increase the frequency of generation of ferritic nuclei during the
transformation.
[0103] By regulating the end temperature of finish-rolling to a
range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to (Ar.sub.3
transformation point+60.degree. C.), and by starting the runout
table cooling within 1.0 second after the completion of
finish-rolling, the size of austenitic grains before transformation
can be reduced, and the density of deformed band in the grains can
be maintained to a satisfactorily high level, thus allowing to
generate large number of ferritic nuclei not only from the
austenitic grain boundaries but also from inside of grains. By
conducting cooling after starting the runout table cooling at
primary cooling speeds of higher than 200.degree. C./sec, the
temperature to start the generation of ferritic nuclei can be
suppressed to a low level, and the mixed structure of ferrite and
austenite generated by transformation during slow cooling or
air-cooling in a temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation
point to Ar.sub.1 transformation point. In that case, higher
primary cooling speed is more preferable, and a preferred primary
cooling speed is 300.degree. C./sec or more.
[0104] Following to the above-described primary cooling at cooling
speeds of higher than 200.degree. C./sec, slow cooling or
air-cooling is given in a temperature range of from Ar.sub.3
transformation point to Ar.sub.1 transformation point at cooling
speeds of 10.degree. C. sec or less for 2 seconds or more, and the
secondary cooling at cooling speeds of 30.degree. C./sec or more,
then coiling is applied at temperatures of 300.degree. C. or below.
The reason of the procedure is to let a part of austenite transform
to ferrite by slow cooling or air-cooling, and to make the
non-transformed austenite to martensite or to a mixture of
martensite with a part bainite through the succeeding secondary
cooling, thus to provide a hot-rolled steel sheet having texture
consisting mainly of ferrite and martensite.
[0105] The slow cooling or the air-cooling is given in a
temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to Ar.sub.1
transformation point at cooling speeds of 10.degree. C./sec or
less. The reason of the procedure is that the ferrite
transformation is enhanced and that the sufficient development of
the ferrite transformation needs slow cooling or air-cooling for 2
seconds or more. If, however, the slow cooling or the air-cooling
exceeds 20 seconds, pearlite is likely generated. And, the
generation of pearlite degrades the workability. Accordingly, the
time for slow cooling or for allowing to start cooling is
preferably 20 seconds or less.
[0106] Then, the coiling is applied at temperatures of 300.degree.
C. or below after the secondary cooling at cooling speeds of
30.degree. C./sec or more. The reason of the procedure is that
non-transformed austenite is transformed to prepare martensite
structure or a mixed structure of martensite with part bainite. The
cooling speed of less than 30.degree. C./sec cannot stably give
martensite. The coiling temperature of higher than 300.degree. C.
cannot give low yield ratio, which is a feature of the textured
steel, owing to the mildness of martensite by tempering in the
course of cooling of coiled steel and owing to the recovery of
movable dislocation which was introduced in the interface of
ferrite and martensite.
[0107] Under the above-described manufacturing conditions, a high
strength hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent sheet shape and
workability is obtained by improving the balance of elongation and
strength through establishing the fine texture of the steel sheet
consisting mainly of ferrite and martensite without degrading the
sheet shape.
[0108] The inventors of the present invention carried out
experiments to identify the influence of the above-described
primary cooling speed and the time to start cooling on the balance
of elongation and strength of the steel sheet. According to the
experiments, each of slabs prepared by continuously casting a steel
of 0.08C-0.51Si-1.20Mn-0.04sol.Al was subjected to rough-rolling,
and each of the obtained sheet bars was treated by finish-rolling
at a reduction in thickness of 25% at the final stand and at an end
temperature of (Ar.sub.3 transformation point+25.degree. C.), then
each of the sheet bars was cooled down to the temperature of
(Ar.sub.3 transformation point-60.degree. C.) starting the cooling
at respective time of from 0.1 to 1.6 seconds under the respective
cooling speeds of 150, 300, and 450.degree. C./sec, and each of the
primary-cooled steel sheets was allowed to stand for cooling for 7
seconds, then each of the steel sheets was coiled at 150.degree. C.
to prepare the respective steel sheets. The obtained steel sheets
were tested by a tensile tester to determine the values of
TS.times.El. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of the time to
start cooling and the primary cooling speed on the TS.times.El
value of steel sheet. From FIG. 1, it was confirmed that the
condition of higher than 200.degree. C./sec of the primary cooling
speed and of within 1 second of the time to start cooling provide
steel sheets having high TS.times.El value and superior balance of
elongation and strength.
[0109] In addition, if the temperature is adjusted by heating the
sheet bar at inlet side of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill
or between stands of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill to
control the end temperature of hot-rolling to a narrow temperature
range on the Ar.sub.3 transformation point, the effect to establish
fine microstructure of steel sheet according to the present
invention can be more effectively attained. That type of sheet bar
heating may be carried out by an induction heating unit installed
at the inlet side of continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between
stands of continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
[0110] Furthermore, when steel sheets having thicknesses of 2.0 mm
or less are manufactured, the effect of the present invention can
be attained also by heating the sheet bar at edge portion in the
width direction thereof using an induction heating unit installed
at the inlet side of continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between
stands of continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
[0111] Since the effect of the present invention is attained, in
principle, independent of the application or not-application of
heating or soaking of sheet bar before the finish-rolling, the
manufacturing method according to the present invention is
applicable, not limited to the above-described process that uses
the induction heating of sheet bar, but also to a continuous
hot-rolling process that uses a coil box and the like for soaking
the sheet bar followed by welding.
EXAMPLES
[0112] The examples according to the present invention are
described below.
[0113] Steels having compositions of Steel Nos. 1 through 5 in
Table 6 were prepared by melting, which were then continuously cast
to manufacture respective slabs. Hot-rolled steel samples Nos. 1
through 10 were prepared by cutting from the slabs under the
condition given in Table 7, each having a thickness of 2.6 mm.
Tensile test was given to each of the samples to determine the
mechanical properties. Table 7 shows the result and the value of
TS.times.El as an index of balance of elongation and strength of
the steel sheet.
[0114] The hot-rolled steel sheet samples Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9
which satisfy both the chemical composition and the manufacturing
condition according to the present invention give high balance of
elongation and strength, (TS.times.El), low yield ratio, (YR), high
strength and superior workability, and excellent sheet shape. To
the contrary, the samples Nos. 2, 4, 6, and 8 which have the same
composition with that of Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, while failing to
satisfy the manufacturing condition of the present invention give
inferior balance of elongation and strength, (TS.times.El), and
yield ratio, (YR). The sample No. 10 failed to attain excellent
sheet shape owing to high final reduction in thickness of
finish-rolling, though the workability is excellent.
6TABLE 6 Steel Steel composition (wt. %) No. C Si Mn P S sol.Al N
Other 1 0.06 0.65 1.05 0.011 0.005 0.054 0.0030 2 0.08 0.40 1.25
0.012 0.004 0.048 0.0027 3 0.13 0.83 1.15 0.009 0.006 0.045 0.0022
Ti: 0.02 Cr: 0.35 4 0.15 1.06 0.98 0.012 0.003 0.058 0.0031 Mo:
0.25 5 0.18 1.35 1.83 0.012 0.005 0.048 0.0031
[0115]
7 TABLE 7(a) Manufacturing conditions Finish End Time final
temperature of slow reduction Temperature Time to Primary of the
cooling or Secondary Slab heat in of finish- start cooling primary
time of cooling Coiling Sample Steel treatment thickness rolling
cooling speed cooling air-cooling speed temperature Classi- No. No.
history (%) (.degree. C.) (sec) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.)
(sec) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.) fication 1 1 Hot direct
rolling 5 Ar.sub.3 + 30 0.35 400 Ar.sub.3 - 50 5 50 250 E 2 1 Hot
direct rolling 10 Ar.sub.3 + 35 1.30 450 Ar.sub.3 - 50 7 45 250 C 3
2 Heating to 1,200.degree. C. 10 Ar.sub.3 + 30 0.25 480 Ar.sub.3 -
50 7 55 200 E 4 2 Heating to 1,200.degree. C. 10 Ar.sub.3 + 90 0.55
370 Ar.sub.3 - 60 7 45 250 C 5 3 Heating to 1,250.degree. C. 10
Ar.sub.3 + 20 0.40 310 Ar.sub.3 - 65 7 50 200 E 6 3 Heating to
1,250.degree. C. 7 Ar.sub.3 + 25 0.20 180 Ar.sub.3 - 50 10 80 250 C
7 4 Heating to 1,200.degree. C. 7 Ar.sub.3 + 25 0.35 350 Ar.sub.3 -
60 5 80 200 E 8 4 Heating to 1,200.degree. C. 7 Ar.sub.3 + 40 0.45
300 Ar.sub.3 - 15 10 80 200 C 9 5 Heating to 1,200.degree. C. 20
Ar.sub.3 + 40 0.65 450 Ar.sub.3 - 40 10 45 250 E 10 5 Heating to
1,200.degree. C. 40 Ar.sub.3 + 30 0.35 410 Ar.sub.3 - 40 5 55 350 C
E: Example C: Comparative example
[0116]
8 TABLE 7(b) Tension test value Sample Steel YP TS EI TS .times. EI
No. No. (MPa) (MPa) (%) (MPa .multidot. %) YR Shape Classification
1 1 379 618 36 22248 0.61 Good Example 2 1 432 603 30 18090 0.72
Good Comparative example 3 2 402 621 35 21735 0.65 Good Example 4 2
443 591 29 17139 0.75 Good Comparative example 5 3 512 825 27 22275
0.62 Good Example 6 3 585 795 23 18285 0.74 Good Comparative
example 7 4 498 835 27 22545 0.60 Good Example 8 4 611 790 22 17380
0.77 Good Comparative example 9 5 652 989 21 20769 0.66 Good
Example 10 5 647 983 21 20643 0.66 Significant edge Comparative
wave example
EMBODIMENT 3
[0117] The inventors of the present invention carried out extensive
study on the influence of cooling after the finish-rolling on the
fineness of texture concentrating on the manufacture of textured
steel prepared by two stage cooling process. The study revealed
that, in the two stage cooling at the runout table cooling after
the finish-rolling, effectiveness is attained by selecting the time
until starting the primary cooling within 1.0 second and by
applying high speed cooling of higher than 200.degree. C./sec of
the primary cooling speed.
[0118] The present invention was completed on the basis of the
finding. That is, the present invention provides:
[0119] 1. A method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet comprising the steps of: (a) rough-rolling after
continuous casting a steel consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.2%
C, 0.25 to 2.0% Si, 0.5 to 2.5% Mn, and 0.1% or less sol.Al, by
weight; (b) finish-rolling the sheet bar including cumulative
reductions in thickness of 30% or more at temperatures of
1,050.degree. C. or below, and at rolling end temperatures of from
Ar.sub.3 transformation point to (Ar.sub.3 transformation
point+60.degree. C.); (c) primary-cooling the finish-rolled steel
sheet within 1.0 second after completed the finish-rolling at
cooling speeds of higher than 200.degree. C./sec through a cooling
range where the difference between the temperature to start cooling
and the end temperature of the cooling is in a range of from
100.degree. C. to less than 250.degree. C.; (d) cooling the
primary-cooled steel at cooling speeds of 10.degree. C./sec or less
for a period of from 2 seconds to less than 20 seconds in a
temperature range of from above 580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C.,
followed by secondary-cooling at cooling speeds of 30.degree.
C./sec or more; and (e) coiling the secondary cooled steel sheet at
temperatures of below 400.degree. C.
[0120] 2. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1 further comprising the step of
heating the sheet bar using a heating unit installed at inlet side
of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between stands of the
continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
[0121] 3. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1 or 2, wherein the steel further
contains 0.01 to 0.2%, by weight, at least one element selected
from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, V, and Zr.
[0122] 4. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1, 2, or 3, wherein the steel
further contains at least one of 1% or less Cr and 0.5% or less
Mo.
[0123] The detail description of the specification of the
composition and the manufacturing conditions is given below.
[0124] 1. Composition
[0125] C
[0126] Carbon is added to 0.04% or more to improve the
hardenability of austenite and to secure the strength by containing
adequate amount of martensite or a mixture of martensite with
bainite in the texture. If the C content exceeds 0.2%, the
workability and the weldability degrade. Accordingly, the C content
is specified to a range of from 0.04 to 0.2%.
[0127] Si
[0128] Silicon is added to 0.25% or more to strengthen ferrite
through the strengthening of solid solution, and to enhance the
precipitation of ferrite during slow cooling or air-cooling after
hot-rolling to enhance the C enrichment to austenite. If the Si
content exceeds 2.0%, the weldability and the surface properties
degrade. Consequently, the Si content is specified to a range of
from 0.25 to 2.0%.
[0129] Mn
[0130] Manganese is added to 0.5% or more, similar with C, to
improve the hardenability of non-transformed austenite. If the Mn
content exceeds 2.5%, the effect saturates and a banded structure
is formed to degrade the workability. Therefore, the Mn content is
specified to a range of from 0.5 to 2.5%.
[0131] sol.Al
[0132] Aluminum is added to fix N existing as a deoxidizer and an
inevitable impurity thus to improve the workability. If the sol.Al
content exceeds 0.1%, the effect saturates, and the cleanliness
degrades to degrade the workability. Accordingly, the sol.Al
content is specified to 0.1% or less.
[0133] The steel according to the present invention contains the
above-described elements as the basic composition. Other elements
may further be contained in the steel as far as the effect of the
present invention is attained. For example, one or more of Ti, Nb,
V, Zr, Cr, Mo, and Ca may be added responding to the wanted
characteristics such as strength and workability.
[0134] Ti, Nb, V, Zr
[0135] One or more of Ti, Nb, V, and Zr are added to 0.01 to 0.2%
as the sum of them for reducing the solid solution C and N to
establish non-aging state by either the strength adjustment or the
formation of carbo-nitride, thus for improving the deep drawing
performance.
[0136] Cr, Mo
[0137] Chromium and Mo are added, at need, because they improve the
hardenability of austenite and have similar effect with that of C
and Mn. Since these elements are expensive, excessive addition
thereof increases the base material cost and degrades the
weldability. Thus, the Cr content is specified to 1% or less and
the Mo content is specified to 0.5% or less.
[0138] Ca
[0139] Calcium is added to not more than 0.005% for the case to
improve the workability.
[0140] 2. Manufacturing conditions
[0141] The steel according to the present invention is prepared by
manufacturing an ingot by continuous casting, which ingot is then
subjected to rough-rolling and finish-rolling, followed by two
stage cooling including slow cooling. The condition of the
rough-rolling is not specifically limited, and the rough-rolling
may be done before the finish-rolling, after the reheating, or
directly after the continuous casting.
[0142] Condition of finish-rolling
[0143] The finish-rolling is carried out at cumulative reductions
in thickness of 30% or more at temperatures of 1,050.degree. C. or
below to enhance the formation of ferritic nuclei by introducing
strain in the course of cooling stage after the finish-rolling,
thus to establish fine structure. The end temperature of rolling is
selected to a range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to
(Ar.sub.3 transformation point+60.degree. C.) to refine the
austenitic grains. For further fining the structure, it is
preferable that the rolling temperature is precisely controlled by
an induction heating unit installed either at inlet of the
continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between stands thereof to
bring the end temperature of finish-rolling to directly above the
Ar.sub.3 transformation point.
[0144] Condition of cooling
[0145] Primary cooling
[0146] The primary cooling starts within 1.0 second after completed
the rolling to maintain the density of deformed band within the
introduced austenitic grains and to generate many ferritic nuclei
not only from the austenitic grain boundaries but also from inside
of the grains. The cooling speed is higher than 200.degree. C./sec
to reduce the temperature to start the ferrite transformation and
to reduce the speed of grain growth after the formation of ferritic
nuclei. Higher cooling speed is more effective, and 300.degree.
C./sec or more is preferred.
[0147] The cooling range of the primary cooling is selected so as
the difference between the temperature to start cooing and the end
temperature of cooling to become the temperature range of from
100.degree. C. and below 250.degree. C. for reducing the grain size
and for assuring the strength.
[0148] When the temperature difference is less than 100.degree. C.,
the precipitation of fine ferrite becomes less, and the grains
cannot fully be refined. When the temperature difference is
250.degree. C. or above, bainite is generated before the secondary
cooling, which fails to attain satisfactory strength.
[0149] After the primary cooling, slow cooling and secondary
cooling are applied. The slow cooling is conducted in a temperature
range of from above 580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C. at cooling
speeds of 10.degree. C. sec or less for 2 seconds or longer period
to fully enhance the ferrite transformation. If the cooling time
exceeds 20 seconds, pearlite likely precipitates and the
workability degrades. So the cooling time is specified to 20
seconds or less. The slow cooling includes air-cooling.
[0150] Secondary cooling
[0151] The cooling speed of the secondary cooling is 30.degree.
C./sec or more to stably convert austenite to a structure of
martensite or of martensite with part containing bainite.
[0152] Coiling temperature
[0153] After completed the secondary cooling, coiling is applied.
When the coiling temperature is 400.degree. C. or above, sufficient
amount of martensite cannot be formed, and the once formed
martensite is tempered and softened in the course of coil cooling
after the coiling. In addition, the movable dislocation introduced
at the ferrite/martensite interface is recovered, thus losing the
low yield ratio which is a feature of the textured iron. Therefore,
the coiling temperature is specified to below 400.degree. C.
[0154] For manufacturing steel sheets having sheet thickness of 2.0
mm or less according to the present invention, since the narrow
finish temperature range control is effective for the structure
control not only to the sheets having 2.0 mm or less thickness, it
is preferable that the edge portion in width direction of sheet bar
is heated using an induction heating unit either between stands of
continuous hot finish-rolling mill or before the finish-rolling,
and the heating does not give bad influence on the effect of the
present invention. Furthermore, the present invention can be
applied to a continuous hot-rolling process which uses a coil box
and the like to weld a soaked sheet bar.
EXAMPLE
[0155] Steel having the chemical composition given in Table 8 was
prepared by melting. The manufacturing method given in Table 9 was
applied to the steel to form respective hot-rolled coils each
having a thickness of 3.2 mm. The Samples Nos. 1 and 2 which are
the Examples of the present invention and which satisfy the
composition and manufacturing conditions of the present invention
show superior workability giving excellent balance of strength and
notch elongation (TS.times.N.El) and giving low yield ratio to the
Samples Nos. 3 and 4 which are Comparative Examples.
[0156] FIG. 2 shows the influence of the primary cooling speed on
the balance of strength and notch elongation (TS.times.N.El)
according to the embodiment.
9 TABLE 8 wt. % C Si Mn P S sol.Al N 0.069 0.71 1.47 0.010 0.001
0.044 0.0030
[0157]
10 TABLE 9 Primary cooling Time to start Primary Secondary Finish
the primary cooling Time of slow cooling Coiling Sample temperature
cooling speed .DELTA.T cooling speed temperature No. (.degree. C.)
(s) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.) (s) (.degree. C./sec) (.degree.
C.) 1 Ar.sub.3 + 20 0.5 280 110 6 100 200 Example 2 Ar.sub.3 + 30
0.5 320 150 6 100 200 Example 3 Ar.sub.3 + 30 1.0 45* 180 8 45 200
Comparative example 4 Ar.sub.3 + 25 0 3* 195 2 100 200 Comparative
example Note 1: Slow cooling is conducted at the cooling speeds of
10.degree. C./sec or less in the temperature range of from above
580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C. (Slow cooling or air-cooling) Note
2: .DELTA.T: a cooling range where the difference between the
temperature to start cooling and the end temperature of cooling is
not less than 100.degree. C. and less than 250.degree. C. Note 3:
The (*) mark indicates the outside of the range of the present
invention.
[0158]
11TABLE 10 Sam- ple YP TS EI N.EI YR TS .times. N.EI No. (MPa)
(MPa) (%) (%) (%) (MPa .multidot. %) 1 395 706 28.4 10.2 55.9 7201
Example 2 371 660 28.7 11.6 56.2 7656 Example 3 330 632 28.7 9.0
52.2 5688 Comparative example 4 401 631 30.4 10.0 63.5 6310
Comparative example
[0159] Best mode 4
[0160] The inventors of the present invention conducted extensive
study on the influence of cooling after the finish-rolling on
establishing fine texture. The study revealed that, in the runout
table cooling after the finish-rolling, effectiveness is attained
by selecting the time until starting the cooling to within 1.0
second and by applying high speed cooling of higher than
200.degree. C./sec of the cooling speed.
[0161] The present invention was completed on the basis of the
above-described finding with further investigation. That is, the
present invention provides:
[0162] 1. A method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet comprising the steps of: (a) continuous casting a steel
consisting essentially of 0.04 to 0.12% C., 0.25 to 2.0% Si, 0.5 to
2.5% Mn, 0.1% or less Al, by weight, and balance of substantially
Fe, followed by rough-rolling thereto; (b) finish-rolling the sheet
bar at rolling end temperatures of from Ar.sub.3 transformation
point or more; (c) cooling the finish-rolled steel sheet within 1.0
second after completed the finish-rolling at cooling speeds of
higher than 200.degree. C./sec through a cooling range where the
difference between the temperature to start cooling and the end
temperature of the cooling is in a range of from 100.degree. C. to
less than 250.degree. c.; (d) cooling the cooled steel at cooling
speeds of 10.degree. C./sec or less for less than 20 seconds in a
temperature range of from 580.degree. C. to 720.degree. C.; and (e)
coiling the secondary cooled steel sheet at temperatures of from
400.degree. C. to below 540.degree. C.
[0163] 2. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1 further comprising the step of
heating the sheet bar using a heating unit installed at inlet side
of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill or between stands of the
continuous hot finish-rolling mill.
[0164] 3. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1 or 2, wherein the steel further
contains 0.01 to 0.2%, by weight, at least one element selected
from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, V, and Zr.
[0165] 4. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described 1, 2, or 3, wherein the steel
further contains at least one of 1% or less Cr and 1.0% or less
Mo.
[0166] 5. The method for manufacturing highly workable hot-rolled
steel sheet of above-described any one of 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein
the reduction in thickness at the final stand of the continuous hot
finish-rolling mill is less than 30%.
[0167] The detail description of the specification of the
composition and the manufacturing conditions is given below.
[0168] 1. Composition
[0169] C
[0170] Carbon is added to 0.04% or more to improve the
hardenability of austenite and to generate adequate amount of
bainite in the texture. If the C content exceeds 0.12%, the
workability and the weldability degrade. Accordingly, the C content
is specified to a range of from 0.04 to 0.12%.
[0171] Si
[0172] Silicon is added to 0.25% or more to strengthen ferrite
through the strengthening of solid solution, and to enhance the
precipitation of ferrite during slow cooling or air-cooling in a
temperature range of from Ar.sub.3 transformation point to Ar.sub.1
transformation point after hot-rolling to enhance the C enrichment
to austenite. If the Si content exceeds 2.0%, the weldability and
the surface properties degrade. Consequently, the Si content is
specified to a range of from 0.25 to 2.0%.
[0173] Mn
[0174] Manganese is added to 0.5% or more, similar with C, to
improve the hardenability of non-transformed austenite. If the Mn
content exceeds 2.5%, the effect saturates and a banded structure
is formed to degrade the workability. Therefore, the Mn content is
specified to a range of from 0.5 to 2.5%.
[0175] sol.Al
[0176] Aluminum is added to fix N existing as a deoxidizer and an
inevitable impurity thus to improve the workability. If the sol.Al
content exceeds 0.1%, the effect saturates, and the cleanliness
degrades to degrade the workability. Accordingly, the sol.Al
content is specified to 0.1% or less.
[0177] The steel according to the present invention contains the
above-described elements as the basic composition. One or more of
Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Cr, Mo, and Ca may be added responding to the wanted
characteristics such as strength and workability.
[0178] Ti, Nb, V, Zr
[0179] One or more of Ti, Nb, V, and Zr are added to 0.01 to 0.2%
as the sum of them for reducing the solid solution C and N to
establish non-aging state by either the strength adjustment or the
formation of carbo-nitride, thus for improving the deep drawing
performance.
[0180] Cr, Mo
[0181] Chromium and Mo are added, at need, because they improve the
hardenability of austenite and have similar effect with that of C
and Mn. Since these elements are expensive, excessive addition
thereof increases the base material cost and degrades the
weldability. Thus, the Cr content is specified to 1% or less and
the Mo content is specified to 1.0% or less.
[0182] Ca
[0183] Calcium is added to not more than 0.005% for the case to
improve the workability.
[0184] 2. Manufacturing conditions
[0185] The steel according to the present invention is prepared by
manufacturing an ingot by continuous casting, which ingot is then
subjected to rough-rolling and finish-rolling, immediately followed
by cooling. The condition of the rough-rolling is not specifically
limited, and the rough-rolling may be done after the reheating of
ingot, or directly after the continuous casting.
[0186] Condition of finish-rolling
[0187] The finish-rolling is carried out at end temperatures of
rolling of the Ar.sub.3 transformation point or above. If the end
temperature of rolling is below Ar.sub.3 transformation point,
ferrite is generated during the rolling to form a significant
worked structure, which then significantly degrades the elongation.
For further fining the structure, it is preferable that the rolling
temperature is precisely controlled by an, induction heating unit
installed either at inlet of the continuous hot finish-rolling mill
or between stands thereof to bring the end temperature of
finish-rolling at directly above the Ar.sub.3 transformation point.
When the shape adjustment is conducted, the reduction in thickness
at the final pass during the finish-rolling is set to less than
30%.
[0188] Condition of cooling
[0189] The cooling starts within 1.0 second after completed the
rolling to maintain the density of deformed band within the
austenitic grains introduced by the finish-rolling and to generate
many ferritic nuclei not only from the austenitic grain boundaries
but also from inside of the grains. If, however, the time to start
cooling is not longer than 0.5 second, the structure may become
non-homogeneous owing to nonuniform residual rolling strain. So the
time to start cooling is preferably longer than 0.5 second. The
cooling speed is higher than 200.degree. C./sec to reduce the
temperature to start the ferrite transformation and to reduce the
speed of grain growth after the formation of ferritic nuclei.
Higher cooling speed is more effective, and 300.degree. C./sec or
more is preferred.
[0190] The cooling range of the primary cooling is selected so as
the difference between the temperature to start cooing and the end
temperature of cooling to become the temperature range of from
100.degree. C. and below 220.degree. C. for reducing the grain size
and for assuring the strength.
[0191] When the temperature difference is less than 100.degree. C.,
the precipitation of fine ferrite becomes less, and the grain size
cannot fully be fully reduced. When the temperature difference is
220.degree. C. or above, needle-shaped ferrite is generated during
air-cooling after the cooling, which fails to attain satisfactory
strength.
[0192] After the cooling, slow cooling is applied. The slow cooling
is carried out in a temperature range of from above 580.degree. C.
to 720.degree. C. for 2 seconds or more at cooling speeds of
10.degree. C./sec or less. If the slow cooling is conducted for 20
seconds or more, pearlite is likely generated to degrade the
workability. So the period for slow cooling is specified to 20
seconds or less. The slow cooling includes air-cooling.
[0193] Coiling temperature
[0194] The temperature for coiling is in a range of from
400.degree. C. to below 540.degree. C. When the coiling temperature
is 540.degree. C. or above, the structure consisting essentially of
bainite cannot be stably obtained. When the coiling temperature is
below 400.degree. C., the generation of hard phase martensite
increases, which degrades the stretch flanging performance.
[0195] Although the cooling after the slow cooling and before the
coiling is not specifically specified, 1.degree. C./sec or higher
cooling speed is preferable to suppress the generation of
pearlite.
[0196] For manufacturing steel sheets having sheet thickness of 2.0
mm or less according to the present invention, it is preferable
that the edge portion in width direction of sheet bar is heated
using an induction heating unit installed either between stands of
continuous hot finish-rolling mill or before the finish-rolling,
and the heating does not give bad influence on the effect of the
present invention. Furthermore, the present invention can be
applied to a continuous hot-rolling process which uses a coil box
and the like to weld a heat-held sheet bar.
EXAMPLE
[0197] Steels having the chemical compositions given in Table 11
were prepared by melting. The manufacturing method given in Table
12 was applied to the steels to form respective hot-rolled coils
each having a thickness of 3.2 mm. Table 13 shows the mechanical
properties of the manufactured hot-rolled steel sheets. The Samples
Nos. 1 and 3 which are the Examples of the present invention and
satisfy the composition and manufacturing conditions of the present
invention show superior workability giving excellent balance of
hole expanding ratio and strength (.lambda..times.TS) to the
Samples Nos. 2 and 4 which are Comparative Examples. Regarding the
hole expanding ratio, the steel was descaled, and was punched to
open a hole of 10 mm in diameter with a clearance of 12%, then the
hole was expanded using a conical punch having 60.degree. apex
angle. The hole diameter at the moment that crack penetrated the
sheet was measured to determine the hole expanding ratio of the
hole diameter as the evaluation index. FIG. 3 shows the balance of
hole expanding ratio and strength (.lambda..times.TS) obtained in
the embodiment.
12TABLE 11 Steel specimen C Si Mn P S sol.Al Ti 1 0.084 1.08 1.53
0.017 0.001 0.047 tr 2 0.068 0.95 1.58 0.009 0.001 0.045 0.07
[0198]
13 TABLE 12 Primary cooling Time to start Primary Time of Finish
the primary cooling slow Coiling Sample Steel temperature cooling
speed .DELTA.T cooling temperature No. specimen (.degree. C.) (s)
(.degree. C./sec) (.degree. C.) (s) (.degree. C.) 1 1 850 0.6 240
115 3 470 Example 2 1 850 1.0 45 190 10 470 Example 3 2 850 0.6 320
180 6 480 Comparative example 4 2 840 0 6 170 2 500 Comparative
example
[0199]
14TABLE 13 Sample YP TS EI .lambda. TS .multidot. .lambda. No.
(MPa) (MPa) (%) (%) (MPa .multidot. %) 1 493 636 34 130 82680
Example 2 463 556 33 122 67832 Comparative example 3 594 818 24 88
71984 Example 4 505 710 24 78 55380 Comparative example
* * * * *