U.S. patent application number 10/819474 was filed with the patent office on 2004-12-30 for container and method for producing the same.
Invention is credited to Buesching, Scott, Nemazi, John E., Temple, Jeff.
Application Number | 20040262173 10/819474 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46301159 |
Filed Date | 2004-12-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040262173 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Buesching, Scott ; et
al. |
December 30, 2004 |
Container and method for producing the same
Abstract
A container is disclosed that includes an elongate bottle having
an exterior wall which defines an elongate internal primary
chamber, a mouth opening at a first end of the elongate bottle in
communication with the primary chamber, and a closed end portion at
a second end of the elongate bottle; an end cap having a cap wall
which defines a cap opening at one end of the end cap, a portion of
the cap wall adjacent the end cap opening being at least partially
attached to the exterior wall of the elongate bottle to form a
secondary chamber isolated from the primary chamber; a primary
closure adapted to cooperate with the elongate bottle mouth opening
for enclosing the primary chamber; and a medication situated within
the secondary chamber. The primary chamber is sized to retain
liquid and the secondary chamber is sized to retain the
medication.
Inventors: |
Buesching, Scott; (Highland,
MI) ; Temple, Jeff; (Fowlerville, MI) ;
Nemazi, John E.; (Bloomfield Hills, MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.
1000 TOWN CENTER
TWENTY-SECOND FLOOR
SOUTHFIELD
MI
48075
US
|
Family ID: |
46301159 |
Appl. No.: |
10/819474 |
Filed: |
April 7, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10819474 |
Apr 7, 2004 |
|
|
|
10265053 |
Oct 4, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
206/217 ;
206/528 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C 49/541 20130101;
B65D 81/3205 20130101; B29L 2031/7158 20130101; B65D 1/04 20130101;
B65D 81/32 20130101; B65D 1/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
206/217 ;
206/528 |
International
Class: |
B65D 083/04 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A container comprising: an elongate bottle having an exterior
wall which defines an elongate internal primary chamber, a mouth
opening at a first end of the elongate bottle in communication with
the primary chamber, and a closed end portion at a second end of
the elongate bottle; an end cap having a cap wall which defines a
cap opening at one end of the end cap, a portion of the cap wall
adjacent the end cap opening being at least partially attached to
the exterior wall of the elongate bottle to form a secondary
chamber isolated from the primary chamber; a primary closure
adapted to cooperate with the elongate bottle mouth opening for
enclosing the primary chamber; and a medication situated within the
secondary chamber; wherein the primary chamber is sized to retain
liquid and the secondary chamber is sized to retain the
medication.
2. The container of claim 1 wherein the medication is comprised of
an over-the-counter drug single-dose package.
3. The container of claim 2 wherein the over-the-counter drug
single-dose package is comprised of two pills and a
tamper-resistant package.
4. The container of claim 2 wherein the over-the-counter drug
single-dose is comprised of a pain relief medication and the liquid
is water.
5. The container of claim 1 wherein a portion of the cap wall
adjacent the edge being at least partially attached to the exterior
wall of the elongate bottle enclosing the secondary chamber which
is bounded by the end cap and the elongate bottle closed end.
6. The container of claim 1 wherein a portion of the cap wall
adjacent the edge being at least partially attached to the exterior
wall of the elongate bottle enclosing the secondary chamber which
is bounded by the end cap and the elongate bottle upper end.
7. The container of claim 1 further comprising an annular seal
joining the end cap to the exterior wall of the elongate
bottle.
8. The container of claim 7 wherein the annular seal is comprised
of an adhesive tape pull strip.
9. The container of claim 1 further comprising an annular bead of
adhesive joining the end cap to the exterior wall of the elongate
bottle.
10. The container of claim 1 wherein the exterior wall of the end
cap is comprised of thermo-molded plastic.
11. The container of claim 1 wherein the end cap is formed from an
opaque plastic.
12. The container of claim 1 wherein the end cap is formed from a
transparent plastic.
13. A method for producing a container, the method comprising:
providing an elongate bottle having an exterior wall which defines
an elongate internal primary chamber, a mouth opening at a first
end of the elongate bottle in communication with the primary
chamber, and a closed end portion at a second end of the elongate
bottle; producing an end cap having an edge and a cap wall which
defines a secondary chamber having an opening; placing a medication
within the chamber; and enclosing the secondary chamber by
attaching the end cap to an end of the elongate bottle containing a
liquid, wherein the chamber is sized to retain the medication.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the medication is comprised of
an over-the-counter drug single-dose package.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the over-the-counter drug
single-dose package is comprised of two pill and a tamper-resistant
package.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the over-the-counter drug
single-dose is comprised of a pain relief medication and the liquid
is water.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/265,053, filed Oct. 4, 2002, entitled
"Container and Method For Producing The Same," which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] One aspect of the present invention relates generally to a
container and more specifically a container for a liquid provided
in combination with a chamber for housing an article.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] People often consume medication to provide relief from
symptoms that they are exhibiting. For instance, people normally
take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relief medications to relieve pain
caused by headaches, sore muscles, or achy joints. Typically, an
individual purchases a bottle of pain relief medication and stores
the bottle in a medicine drawer or cabinet for later use. If the
individual is travailing, it is common for the pain relief
medication to be stored in an attache case or toiletry bag. In
either instance, the individual typically locates the bottle and
finds a liquid, most commonly water, to aid in the swallowing and
digesting the dosage recommended by the instructions on the
bottle.
[0004] This process can be cumbersome to a traveler who may not
have access to either or both the medicine bottle or water. For
example, once a passenger of a plane disembarks, it is often
difficult to locate a concession stand to purchase water and then
sift through luggage to locate the pain relief medication. As
another example, a business traveler may arrive at a hotel room
having misplaced his/her pain relief medication. In such a
situation, the traveler must go down to the gift shop and find a
pain relief medication and a water in an unfamiliar setting.
[0005] Various devices have been proposed for addressing the
above-identified drawbacks of conventional pain medication usage.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,081, entitled "Combined Pill and
Water Container" and granted to Ross, discloses a combination pill
and water container that includes a first compartment for holding a
plurality of pills and a second compartment for retaining water so
that a person can take their pills with water.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,370, entitled "Compartmented Container"
and granted to Beall, discloses a compartmented container having
first and second compartments. The first compartment is designed
for holding a liquid barrier, while the second compartment has a
cavity for receiving a pill or tablet.
[0007] As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,120, entitled
"Combination Package" and granted to Shveda, discloses a
combination package for retaining a primary product and a secondary
product containment volume separate from the primary product.
[0008] The above-identified proposals fail to provide a structure
specifically designed based on vendability. In light of this
disadvantage of the prior art multi-compartment containers, there
exist a need for a container for dispensing and consuming
medications having a structure suitable for vending. There also
exists a need to provide a vendable container that can be vended
from store coolers, vending machines, or hotel room honor bars.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a
container is disclosed. The container includes an elongate bottle
having an exterior wall which defines an elongate internal primary
chamber, a mouth opening at a first end of the elongate bottle in
communication with the primary chamber, and a closed end portion at
a second end of the elongate bottle; an end cap having a cap wall
which defines a cap opening at one end of the end cap, a portion of
the cap wall adjacent the end cap opening being at least partially
attached to the exterior wall of the elongate bottle to form a
secondary chamber isolated from the primary chamber; a primary
closure adapted to cooperate with the elongate bottle mouth opening
for enclosing the primary chamber; and a medication situated within
the secondary chamber. The primary chamber is sized to retain
liquid and the secondary chamber is sized to retain the
medication.
[0010] The medication can be an over-the-counter drug single-dose
package. The single-dose package can include two pills and a
tamper-resistant package. The single-dose can be a pain relief
medication and the liquid can be water. In certain embodiments, a
portion of the cap wall adjacent the edge can be at least partially
attached to the exterior wall of the elongate bottle enclosing the
secondary chamber which is bounded by the end cap and the elongate
bottle closed end. In other embodiments, a portion of the cap wall
adjacent the edge can be at least partially attached to the
exterior wall of the elongate bottle enclosing the secondary
chamber which is bounded by the end cap and the elongate bottle
upper end. The container can further include an annular seal
joining the end cap to the exterior wall of the elongate bottle.
The annular seal can include an adhesive tape pull strip. The
container can further include an annular bead of adhesive joining
the end cap to the exterior wall of the elongate bottle. In certain
embodiments, the exterior wall of the end cap is comprised of
thermo-molded plastic. The end cap can be formed of opaque or
transparent plastic.
[0011] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a
method for producing a container is disclosed. The method includes
providing an elongate bottle having an exterior wall which defines
an elongate internal primary chamber, a mouth opening at a first
end of the elongate bottle in communication with the primary
chamber, and a closed end portion at a second end of the elongate
bottle; producing an end cap having an edge and a cap wall which
defines a secondary chamber having an opening; placing a medication
within the chamber; and enclosing the secondary chamber by
attaching the end cap to an end of the elongate bottle containing a
liquid. The chamber is sized to retain the medication.
[0012] The medication can be an over-the-counter drug single-dose
package. The over-the-counter drug single-dose package can include
two pills and a tamper-resistant package. The single-dose can be a
pain relief medication and the liquid can be water.
[0013] These and other aspects, object, features and advantages of
the present invention will be more clearly understood and
appreciated from a review of the following detailed description of
the preferred embodiments and appended claims, and by reference to
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The features of the present invention which are believed to
be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of
operation, together with further object and advantages thereof, may
best be understood with reference to the following description,
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which:
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a container in a
disassembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a container in an
assembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of a container in a
disassembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of a container in an
assembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of a container in a
dissembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of a container in an
assembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention; and
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a container in an
assembled state in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0022] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention
are disclosed herein. However, it is to be understood that the
disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of an invention that may
be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, specific
functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as
limiting, but merely as a representative basis for the claims
and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the
art to variously employ the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a container 10 in a
disassembled state, suitable for retaining and dispensing a liquid
beverage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Correspondingly, FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the container 10
shown in FIG. 1 in an assembled state.
[0024] The container 10 in FIG. 1 is comprised of an elongate
bottle 12 and an end cap 14, which can be formed from flexible or
blow molded plastic and can have a generally circular cross
section. The elongate bottle 12 can be of standard size, for
example, 6 ounce, 12 ounce, 20 ounce, or 2 liter volume. Examples
of plastics that are suitable for formation of the container 10
include, but are not limited to, low density polyethylene (LDPE),
high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate
(PETE). The selection of the specific plastic can be based on
numerous factors, such as rigidity (i.e. flexible, semirigid, or
rigid) and recyclability, to best fit a particular implementation
of the present invention. Examples of materials that can be used
for the elongate bottle include, but are not limited to, aluminum,
foil, flexible plastic sleeve, plastic bladder, etc.
[0025] The elongate bottle 12 has an exterior wall 16 which defines
an elongate internal primary chamber 18 (otherwise referred to as
the primary chamber) and narrows at an upper end 15 to form a
generally cylindrical neck portion 17 having a primary mouth
opening 20. The diameter of the generally cylindrical neck portion
17 can be in the range of about one-half inch to about two inches.
In certain embodiments, the diameter can be about one and one-half
inches. The primary mouth opening 20 is provided for dispensing
liquid from the primary chamber 18 through generally cylindrical
neck portion 17. A closed end 19 is provided at an end opposite the
upper end 15.
[0026] The primary chamber 18 can be sized to retain liquid. As
non-limiting examples, water, juice, non-carbonated soft drinks, or
milk, can be retained in the elongate internal primary chamber
18.
[0027] The container 10 is also comprised of a primary closure 22
adapted to cooperate with the primary mouth opening 20 for
enclosing the primary chamber 18. According to the embodiment shown
in FIG. 1, the primary closure 22 is a screw cap, which can be
formed from of a rigid plastic material, such as polypropylene
(PP). The screw cap has inner threads 23 for mating with and
screwing into outer threads 25 on generally cylindrical neck
portion 17. The screw cap protects the liquid contents of the
primary chamber 18 from spills, evaporation, and/or contact with
foreign substances (i.e. dust or dirt).
[0028] The screw cap and primary mouth opening 20 can be provided
with tamper resistant features. For example, the screw cap can be
provided with a circular ring 27 connected to the bottom edge of
screw cap through a series of tabs 29. After introducing liquid
into the primary chamber 18 and before use by the consumer, the
tabs 29 integrally connect the screw cap and circular ring 27. If
the screw cap and circular ring 27 are unconnected prior to use,
meaning the tabs are broken, it alerts the consumer that the
container has been opened, indicating possible tampering with the
liquid contents. Moreover, a thin flexible cylindrical plastic film
(not shown) can be adhered to the edge of upper end 15 immediately
after filling the primary chamber 18 with liquid and prior to
placing the screw cap on the elongate bottle 12. Upon opening the
container for the first time, the consumer then removes the thin
flexible cylindrical plastic film. This film serves at least two
purposes: (1) it helps to protect the liquid contents from debris,
evaporation, and spills and (2) alerts the consumer of possible
tampering if the film has been removed, perforated, or has been
otherwise compromised in some manner.
[0029] It is fully contemplated that primary closure 22 may be any
item which protects the contents of primary chamber from spillage,
evaporation, and/or contact with foreign substances. A non-limiting
example includes a pull-tab on the edge of upper end 15. The
pull-tab can be removed by the customer to obtain access to the
liquid contents of the primary chamber 18. The pull-tab can be
comprised of, for example, foil, plastic, etc. Another non-limiting
example includes a perforated tab integrally connected to the
generally cylindrical neck portion. The customer breaks the
perforations to obtain access to the liquid contents of the primary
chamber.
[0030] The end cap 14, which can be formed from plastic, has a
generally circular cross-section and includes an edge 24 and a cap
wall 26. The end cap 14 may be vacuum formed, or rather, may be
injection molded. To accommodate certain processes for
manufacturing the end cap 14, it may be necessary to taper the end
cap 14 such that the diameter of the cap wall 26 nearest the edge
24 is greater than the diameter of the cap wall 26 at the opposite
end. End cap 14 can also be formed such that the cap wall 26 has a
substantially constant diameter.
[0031] According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the end
cap 14 can be connected to the elongate bottle 12 with an annular
seal such as adhesive pull tape strip 28. The adhesive tape pull
strip 28 can adhere to edge 24, portion 30 of cap wall 26, and
portion 32 of exterior wall 16 to connect the end cap 14 near a
lower end 31 of the elongate bottle 12 and to define a secondary
chamber 34. Alternatively, the end cap 14 can be attached with an
annular bead of adhesive, a solvent weld joint or an annular label
covering exterior wall 16 and overlapping end cap 14. It is also
contemplated that the end cap 14 is sized to maintain a press fit
with the elongate bottle 12, such that an annular seal or adhesive
is unnecessary. That is, when the portion 30 of cap wall 26 is
selectively engaged with the portion 32 of exterior wall 16, the
exterior wall 16 provides sufficient surface contact with cap wall
26 to retain end cap 14 in place.
[0032] The container 10 is further comprised of a pain relief
medication sample-size package 36 that can be placed within the
secondary chamber 34 and enclosed therein by connecting the
elongate bottle 12 and the end cap 14. Other non-limiting examples
of sample-size packages that can be used in accordance with the
present invention include over-the-counter drug single-doses and
first aid products. For example, the over-the-counter drug
single-doses can be pain relief medication (such as aspirin,
ibuprofen, or acetaminophen). Other examples include, but are not
limited to, antacids, sinus irritation relief, cold relief, flu
relief, indigestion relief and allergy relief. Examples of first
aid products, include, but are not limited to, bandages and gauze.
The over-the-counter drug single-doses may be available in a
variety of forms, including, but not limited to, tablets, caplets
and geltabs. The pain relief medication can be packaged and sealed
within suitable drug sample-size packaging. Moreover, the primary
chamber 18 may comprise water to aid in the swallowing and
digestion of the pain relief medication.
[0033] The secondary chamber 34 is sized to retain the package 36.
To obtain access to the package 36, a consumer can release the
adhesive pull tape strip 28 by grasping onto and pulling tab 42.
However, other methods of accessing the package 36 may be employed
depending on the method utilized for connecting the end cap 14 to
the elongate bottle 12. For example, a consumer may twist the end
cap in relation to the elongate bottle breaking the seal created by
an annular label. Furthermore, a consumer may simply remove the end
cap 14 by pulling on the end cap 14 with sufficient force.
[0034] According to the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
sample-size package 36 is provided for pain relief purposes.
Further, container 10 provides a vendable article that can be
purchased by a consumer to provide quick pain relief. Further,
sample-size package 36 can be placed within the secondary chamber
34 and sealed therein by a secondary closure 43. The secondary
closure 43 can be a thin film, such as foil or plastic, having an
adhesive layer for adhering to the inner edge of cap wall 26.
Moreover, once the sample-size package 36 is placed within the
secondary chamber 34, it can be further enclosed therein by
connecting the elongate bottle 12 and the end cap 14.
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment for implementing the
present invention. The embodiment includes packaging the different
elements of container 10 into a single convenient package for
consumer use. Packaging steps include, but are not necessarily
limited to or presented to imply any specific order: (1) placing a
liquid 45 within the primary chamber 18, (2) screwing primary
closure 22 onto generally cylindrical neck portion 17 to enclose
the liquid retained in primary chamber 18, (3) placing sample-size
package 36 within secondary chamber 34 provided by end cap 14, and
(4) affixing end cap 14 to the elongate bottle 12 to enclose
sample-size package 36. It is fully contemplated that steps (1) and
(2) can be carried out by a beverage manufacturer to produce a
standard size container containing a liquid, such as water. Step
(3) can be carried out by an end cap manufacturer or other party or
entity producing the end cap. Accordingly, the beverage company can
ship the standard size container to a vending site, such as a
sporting event venue, and the end cap manufacturer can send the end
cap to the sporting event venue. Step (4) can be carried out at
this venue.
[0036] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a container 50 is
illustrated in accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention. The container 50 in FIG. 3 is shown in a disassembled
state, while FIG. 4 depicts the container 50 in an assembled
state.
[0037] The container 50 is comprised of an elongate bottle 12 and
an end cap 14, which can be formed from plastic and having a
generally circular cross section. The elongate bottle 12 has an
exterior wall 16 which defines an elongate internal primary chamber
18 (otherwise referred to as the primary chamber) and narrows at
its upper end 15 to form a generally cylindrical neck portion 17
having a primary mouth opening 20. The primary mouth opening 20 is
provided for dispensing liquid from the primary chamber 18 through
generally cylindrical neck portion 17. A closed end 19 is provided
at an end opposite the upper end 15. The primary chamber 18 can be
sized to retain liquid.
[0038] The container 50 is also comprised of a primary closure 22
adapted to cooperate with the primary chamber 18 for enclosing the
primary chamber 18. The primary closure 22 may be a screw cap as
described in detail above, or rather, the primary closure 22 may be
any item which protects the contents of the primary chamber from
spillage, evaporation, and/or contact with foreign substances. A
non-limiting example includes a pull-tab on the edge of upper end
15. The pull-tab can be removed by the customer to obtain access to
the liquid contents of the primary chamber 18. The pull-tab can be
comprised of, for example, foil, plastic, etc. Another non-limiting
example includes a perforated tab integrally connected to the
generally cylindrical neck portion. The customer breaks the
perforations to obtain access to the liquid contents of the primary
chamber.
[0039] The end cap 14, which can be formed from plastic, has a
generally circular cross-section and includes an edge 24 and a cap
wall 26. According to a certain embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
the end cap 14 can be connected to the elongate bottle 12 with an
annular seal, such as an adhesive pull tape strip 28. The adhesive
tape pull strip 28 can adhere to edge 24, portion 30 of cap wall
26, and portion 44 of exterior wall 16 to connect the end cap 14
near the upper end 15 of elongate bottle 12 and to define a
secondary chamber 46. Alternatively, the end cap 14 can be attached
with an annular bead of adhesive, a solvent weld joint or an
annular label covering exterior wall 16 and overlapping end cap 14.
It is also contemplated that the end cap 14 is sized to maintain a
press fit with the elongate bottle 12, such that an annular seal or
adhesive is unnecessary. That is, when the portion 30 of cap wall
26 is selectively engaged with the portion 44 of exterior wall 16,
the exterior wall 16 provides sufficient surface contact with cap
wall 26 to retain end cap 14 in place.
[0040] The container 50 is further comprised of a pain relief
medication sample-size package 48 that can be placed within the
secondary chamber 46 and enclosed therein by connecting the
elongate bottle 12 and the end cap 14. Accordingly, the secondary
chamber 46 is sized to retain the package 48. To obtain access to
the article 48, a consumer can release the adhesive pull tape strip
28 by grasping onto and pulling tab 42. However, other methods of
accessing the package 48 may be employed depending on the method
utilized for connecting the end cap 14 to the elongate bottle 12.
For example, a consumer may twist the end cap in relation to the
elongate bottle breaking the seal created by an annular label.
Furthermore, a consumer may simply remove the end cap 14 by pulling
on the end cap 14 with sufficient force.
[0041] According to the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
sample-size package 36 is provided for pain relief purposes.
Container 10 can also provide a vendable article that can be
purchased by a consumer to provide quick pain relief. Sample-size
package 36 can be placed within the secondary chamber 34 and sealed
therein by a secondary closure 43. The secondary closure 43 can be
a thin film, such as foil or plastic, having an adhesive layer for
adhering to the inner edge of cap wall 26. Moreover, once the
sample-size package 36 is placed within the secondary chamber 34,
it can be further enclosed therein by connecting the elongate
bottle 12 and the end cap 14.
[0042] FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate side views of a container in
dissembled and assembled states and a perspective view of the
container in accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention. Container 51, as illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7,
includes end cap 52, sample-size package 54, shrink wrap seal 56,
bottle 58 and bottle cap 60. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, container
51 can be partially assembled by placing sample-size package 54 in
end cap 52 and sealing mouth 62 of end cap 52 to exterior wall 64
of bottle 58. Bottle 58 can be filled with liquid and capped with
bottle cap 60 while the placing and sealing steps are carried out,
although it is understood that the filling and capping steps can be
carried out before or after the placing and sealing steps.
[0043] While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and
described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and
describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words
used in the specification are words of description rather than
limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *