U.S. patent application number 10/895586 was filed with the patent office on 2004-12-23 for prescription order packaging system and method.
Invention is credited to Mahar, Michael L..
Application Number | 20040260424 10/895586 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32769993 |
Filed Date | 2004-12-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040260424 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mahar, Michael L. |
December 23, 2004 |
Prescription order packaging system and method
Abstract
A system for automatically packaging prescription orders
composed of one or more prescription containers. The system
includes a printer for generating literature associated with each
order and a packer for packing the prescription containers and the
associated literature into a package. The packer has a scale or
other means for determining the weight of the prescription
containers. A packer controller calculates package weight
information based on the container weight information. The package
weight information is transmitted to a mail manifest system, which
generates shipping information comprising postage. A labeler
applies the shipping information to the package. The packer also
includes a loading mechanism for inserting the prescription
containers and the literature into the package.
Inventors: |
Mahar, Michael L.;
(Mechanicsburg, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
James B. Surber, Esq.
Bryan Cave, LLP
One Metropolitan Square, Suite 3600
St. Louis
MO
63102
US
|
Family ID: |
32769993 |
Appl. No.: |
10/895586 |
Filed: |
July 21, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10895586 |
Jul 21, 2004 |
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10205845 |
Jul 26, 2002 |
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6769228 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
700/216 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F 11/70 20130101;
G07F 17/0092 20130101; B65B 61/20 20130101; G06Q 10/08 20130101;
G01G 19/4148 20130101; G07F 17/42 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
700/216 |
International
Class: |
G06F 007/00 |
Claims
I claim:
1. A system for automatically packaging prescription orders, each
order comprising one or more prescription containers, the system
comprising: (a) a printer subsystem for generating literature
associated with each order; and (b) a packer subsystem for
receiving prescription containers composing each order and the
literature associated with each order and packing the prescription
containers and the literature into a package, the packer subsystem
comprising: (i) a means for determining the weight of the
prescription containers and transmitting container weight
information; (ii) a packer controller in communication with the
means for determining the weight of the prescription containers,
the packer controller receiving the container weight information
and calculating package weight information based at least in part
on the container weight information; (iii) a mail manifest system
in communication with the packer controller, the mail manifest
system receiving the package weight information and generating
shipping information comprising postage; (iv) a labeler in
communication with the mail manifest system, the labeler receiving
the shipping information and applying the shipping information to
the package; and (v) a loading mechanism for inserting the
prescription containers and the literature into the package.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the printer subsystem is in
communication with the packer controller, and wherein the printer
subsystem determines document weight information relating to the
weight of the literature associated with each order and transmits
the document weight information to the packer controller, and
wherein the package weight information is based at least in part on
the document weight information.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for determining the
weight of the prescription containers comprises a scale for
weighing the prescription containers.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises an
order database comprising information regarding the contents of
each prescription container and wherein the means for determining
the weight of the prescription containers comprises a software
program for retrieving the information regarding the contents of
the containers and calculating the prescription container weight
based on predetermined information regarding the weight of the
container and the container contents.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein each prescription container has a
machine-readable code comprising information for identifying the
order associated with the prescription container, and wherein the
packer subsystem further comprises: (a) an input conveyor for
receiving the prescription containers; (b) a code reader for
reading the code on the prescription containers and transmitting
the identifying information to the packer controller; and (c) a
container pick-and-place mechanism for removing the prescription
containers from the input conveyor and transporting the
prescription containers to the scale, wherein the packer controller
controls the container pick-and-place mechanism in accordance with
the identifying information.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a container tip sensor
for stopping the input conveyor of the packer subsystem if a tipped
prescription container is detected.
7. The system of claim 5, further comprising a queue full sensor
for stopping the input conveyor to the packer subsystem if a full
queue is detected.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the container pick-and-place
mechanism comprises one or more vacuum operated pick heads for
picking up one or more prescription containers.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the container pick-and-place
mechanism rotates the prescription containers to allow the code
reader to read the code on each prescription container.
10. The system of claim 5, further comprising a host computer in
communication with the packer controller and the printer subsystem,
and wherein the packer controller communicates data to the host
computer to initiate printing of literature associated with each
order.
11. The system of claim 5, wherein the labeler applies a
machine-readable code to the package containing an identifier for
identifying the order associated with the package.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the packer subsystem further
comprises a code reader for reading the code on the package to
allow verification that the prescription containers being packaged
and the labeled package correspond to the same order.
13. The system of claim 5, wherein the package is a bag and wherein
the packer subsystem further comprises a bag pick-and-place
mechanism for transporting the bag for labeling and loading.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the loading mechanism comprises
a document picking member for picking up literature corresponding
to the order and a container pick-and-place having one or more
vacuum operated pick heads for picking up one or more prescription
containers.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the printer subsystem is in
communication with a host computer having access to a database of
information relating to each order.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the printer subsystem prints a
machine-readable code on the literature containing information
identifying the order associated with the literature.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the printer subsystem includes
a code reader for reading the code on the literature to allow
verification that the literature is being packaged with the correct
order.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the packer subsystem comprises a
printer controller that transmits data relating to the weight of
the literature to the packer controller.
19. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sorter for sorting
prescription containers into an order comprising one or more
associated prescription containers, wherein the packer subsystem
receives sorted prescription containers from the sorter.
20. A system for automatically packaging prescription orders and
literature associated with each order, each order comprising one or
more prescription containers, each prescription container having a
machine-readable code comprising information for identifying the
order associated with the prescription container, the system
comprising: (a) a packer for receiving prescription containers
composing each order and the literature associated with each order
and packing the prescription containers and the literature into a
package, the packer comprising a code reader for reading the code
on the prescription containers received by the packer; and (b) a
printer dedicated to the packer for generating literature
associated with each order and delivering the literature to the
packer once a prescription container associated with the order has
been received by the packer.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the printer is adjacent to or
integrated with the packer.
22. The system of claim 20, further comprising a literature packet
transport mechanism comprising a swing arm for transporting the
literature from the printer to the packer.
23. The system of claim 20, further comprising a packer controller
in communication with the code reader for receiving order
identifying information from the code reader and transmitting the
order identifying information and a print request.
24. The system of claim 23, further comprising a host computer in
communication with the packer controller for receiving the order
identifying information and print request from the packer
controller and transmitting data associated with the order to the
printer to initiate printing.
25. A system for automatically packaging prescription orders, each
order comprising one or more prescription bottles, wherein each
bottle has a machine-readable code thereon containing coded
information comprising a prescription identifier associated with
one of the orders, the system comprising: (a) a host computer
having access to a database comprising a plurality of order
identifiers, each order identifier being associated with order
information for one of the orders, the order information comprising
an identification of the shipping name and address and one or more
associated prescription identifiers identifying one or more
prescriptions; (b) a sorter for sorting prescription bottles into
orders; (c) a printer subsystem for generating literature
associated with each order, the printer subsystem comprising a
print controller in communication with the host computer, wherein
the printer controller generates weight information relating to the
weight of literature associated with each order; and (d) a packer
subsystem for receiving bottles composing each order and the
literature associated with each order and packing the bottles and
the literature into a package, the packer subsystem comprising: (i)
a code reader for reading the machine-readable code on each bottle;
(ii) a scale for weighing the bottles and transmitting bottle
weight information; (iii) a packer controller in communication with
the code reader, scale host computer, and print controller, wherein
the packer controller: a. receives the coded information from the
code reader and transmits the prescription identifier to the host
computer; and b. receives the bottle weight information from the
scale and document weight information from the printer controller
and calculates package weight information based at least in part on
the bottle weight information and document weight information; (iv)
a mail manifest system in communication with the packer controller
and the host computer, the mail manifest system receiving the
package weight information and at least a portion of the order
information and generating shipping information comprising postage;
(v) a labeler in communication with the mail manifest system, the
labeler receiving the shipping information and applying the
shipping information to the package; and (vi) a loading mechanism
for inserting the bottles and the literature into the package; and
wherein the host computer prompts the printer subsystem to print
literature associated with an order once one or more of the bottles
associated with the order have been received by the packer.
26. A method for automatically packaging prescription orders, each
order comprising one or more prescription containers, the method
comprising: (a) printing literature associated with each order; (b)
packing the prescription containers and the literature associated
with each order into a package, the step of packing the
prescription containers and literature comprising: (i) determining
the weight of the prescription containers and literature; (ii)
calculating package weight based at least in part on the weight of
the prescription containers and the weight of the literature; (iii)
generating shipping information comprising postage; (iv) applying
the shipping information to the package; and (v) inserting the
prescription containers and the literature into the package.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising the step of sorting
prescription containers into orders.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention generally relates to automated systems for
dispensing and delivering prescriptions. More specifically, this
invention is directed to an automatic prescription order packaging
system. The system is preferably used with an automatic
prescription dispensing system to automatically package
prescription bottles filled by the dispensing system along with
other items associated with the prescription order.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Various systems have been developed to automatically fill
large quantities of prescription bottles for use primarily in mail
order pharmacies. For example, Charhut U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,762
describes an automated prescription bottle filling system. The
system described in Charhut automatically fills, labels, caps, and
sorts prescription bottles in accordance with prescription orders.
Such automatic prescription dispensing systems can significantly
reduce the time and expense required to fill a prescription, and
can reduce human error inherent in conventional manual prescription
filling processes.
[0003] However, a significant limitation of such automatic
prescription dispensing systems is that a number of additional
steps are typically required to prepare the filled prescription
orders for shipping. In a conventional mail order pharmacy
automatically filled prescription bottles are transported to manual
packaging and mailing stations. At these stations, workers assemble
the bottles associated with each prescription order and manually
place the bottles into shipping packages. A literature packet
printed for the order is then manually placed into the shipping
package containing the bottles associated with the order. The
packages containing the prescription order and associated
literature packet are then sent to a manual mailing station, where
each package is weighed so that postage can be determined. Postage
is then manually applied to avoid damaging the contents of the
filled packages.
[0004] A shortcoming of such conventional packaging and shipping
processes is that they require a number of manually performed
operations. These manual operations detract from the efficiency and
accuracy achieved by the automated prescription filling process.
For a high-volume mail order pharmacy, such manual steps increase
labor costs and reduce the speed at which prescription orders are
processed. Manual operations can also increase the opportunity for
human error, which can result in improper packaging, labeling or
shipping of the prescription order.
[0005] The automated packaging system described in Lasher et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,771,657 is an attempt to overcome some of the
deficiencies of the conventional manual packaging process. However,
that system fails to completely overcome the problems inherent in
manual packaging operations. For example, a significant shortcoming
of the automated packaging system described in Lasher is that the
packages do not leave the system ready for mailing. The packages
must be sent to a separate mailing station for weighing,
determining postage and labeling. This additional processing not
only results in inefficiency, but also introduces opportunity for
human error.
[0006] For the foregoing reasons, there is a strong need for an
automatic prescription order packaging system that can quickly and
accurately sort prescription bottles into orders, generate
literature associated with each order, apply a shipping label and
postage to shipping packages, and load the bottles of each order
and associated literature into labeled packages ready for shipping.
The present invention provides these and other advantageous
results.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention provides an integrated system and
method for automatically generating literature, packaging, and
preparing prescription orders for mailing.
[0008] The automatic packaging machine is an integrated system that
can print literature related to the prescription order, join the
associated literature and prescription containers (e.g.,
prescription bottles) to complete the order, place the completed
order (prescriptions and literature) into a mailing package,
determine shipping costs for the order, print shipping information
on the order, manifest and transport the order for shipping. The
printer subsystem generates literature associated with each order.
The packer system receives the prescription containers composing
each order and the literature associated with each order and
packages the prescription containers and the literature into a
package.
[0009] The packer includes a means for determining the weight of
the prescription containers and transmitting container weight
information. A packer controller receives the prescription
container weight information and calculates package weight
information based at least in part on the container weight
information. A mail manifest system receives the package weight
information and generates shipping information that includes
postage. A labeler receives the shipping information and applies
the shipping information to the package. A loading mechanism
inserts the prescription containers and the literature into the
package.
[0010] The system can also include a host computer having access to
a database of information relating to each order. The host computer
can communicate with the packer controller and the printer
subsystem. The packer controller transmits data to the host
computer to initiate printing of literature associated with each
order.
[0011] The printer subsystem can preferably communicate with the
host computer and packer controller. In one embodiment, the printer
subsystem can determine document weight information relating to the
weight of the literature associated with each order and transmits
the document weight information to the packer controller. In
another embodiment, the printer subsystem transmits to the packer
controller the quantity and type of documents that have been
printed as well as the quantity and type of inserts being added to
the order (such as return envelopes and coupons). The packer
controller determines the package weight information based at least
in part on the container weight information and the document weight
information. The printer subsystem can also print a
machine-readable code on the literature containing information
identifying the order associated with the literature. A code reader
reads the code on the literature to verify that the literature is
being packaged with the correct order.
[0012] Each prescription container preferably has a
machine-readable code comprising identifying information for
identifying the order associated with the container. In one
embodiment, the packer subsystem includes an input conveyor, code
reader, and container pick-and-place. The input conveyor receives
the prescription containers and the code reader reads the code on
the containers. Identifying information is transmitted to the
packer controller. The container pick-and-place mechanism removes
the prescription containers from the input conveyor and transports
the containers to a scale. The packer controller controls the
container pick-and-place mechanism in accordance with the
identifying information.
[0013] In one embodiment, the means for determining the weight of
the prescription containers includes a scale for weighing the
containers. In another embodiment, the weight of the prescription
containers is determined using a software program that retrieves
information regarding the contents of the container from an order
database and calculates the container weight based on predetermined
information regarding the weight of the container and the container
contents.
[0014] The labeler can apply a machine-readable code to the package
containing an identifier for identifying the order associated with
the package. A code reader reads the code on the package to allow
verification that the prescription containers being packaged and
the labeled package correspond to the same order.
[0015] The system can also include a sorter for sorting
prescription containers into an order comprising one or more
associated containers. The packer subsystem receives sorted
containers from the sorter.
[0016] One version of the automatic packaging system includes a
packer subsystem comprising a code reader for reading a
machine-readable code on the prescription containers received by
the packer. The code includes information for identifying the order
associated with the prescription container. The automatic packaging
system generates literature associated with each order from an
internal, dedicated printer subsystem. Pick-and-Place mechanisms
are used to marry the literature with the associated order before
placing them in a shipping package. The system can also include a
packer controller in communication with the code reader for
receiving order identifying information from the code reader and
transmitting the order identifying information and a print request.
The system can also include a host computer in communication with
the packer controller for receiving the order identifying
information and print request from the packer controller and
transmitting data associated with the order to the printer to
initiate printing.
[0017] The invention also includes a method for automatically
packaging prescription orders. Literature associated with each
order is printed. The prescription containers and literature are
packaged. The packaging step includes determining the weight of the
prescription containers and literature. The package weight is
calculated based at least in part on the weight of the prescription
containers and the weight of the literature. Shipping information
including postage is then generated. The shipping information is
applied to the package and the prescription containers and the
literature are inserted into the package.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the
present invention will become more fully apparent from the
following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying
drawings where:
[0019] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for automatically
sorting and packaging prescription bottles;
[0020] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an apparatus for sorting
prescription bottles;
[0021] FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a printer subsystem of the
automatic packaging system for generating literature associated
with prescription orders;
[0022] FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a packer subsystem of the
automatic packaging system for packing the prescription bottles and
associated literature into labeled packages;
[0023] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an automatic sorting
process; and
[0024] FIG. 6A is a flow chart illustrating a bottle intake portion
of an automatic packaging process;
[0025] FIG. 6B is a flow chart illustrating a document printing
portion of an automatic packaging process;
[0026] FIG. 6C is a flow chart illustrating a package weight
determination portion of an automatic packaging process;
[0027] FIG. 6D is a flow chart illustrating a mail manifest portion
of an automatic packaging process; and
[0028] FIG. 6E is a flow chart illustrating a packaging portion of
an automatic packaging process.
[0029] For clarity, the drawing figures illustrate the general
manner of construction of a preferred embodiment of the system.
Descriptions and details of well-known features are omitted to
avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. The drawings are
provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be used to
unduly limit the scope of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The automatic packaging system is preferably used with a
high-volume prescription drug dispensing system to automatically
package bottles filled by the dispensing system. The automatic
packaging system can automatically sort filled prescription bottles
into customer orders and load the bottles and associated literature
in labeled packages ready for shipping.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of the system
includes a sorting system 101 for sorting filled prescription
bottles into customer orders; an automatic packaging system 100
comprising a printer subsystem 103 for generating a unique
literature packet for each order; and a packer subsystem 105 for
packing the prescription bottles and associated literature into
labeled packages ready for shipping to the customer.
[0032] The prescription orders are received and stored by a host
computer 108, which preferably transmits data to an automatic
prescription dispensing system 110, which fills the prescription
bottles in accordance with each prescription order. Various
automatic dispensing systems are available commercially (for
example, the OPTIFILL.RTM. system manufactured by AutoMed
Technologies, Inc.). The prescription bottles preferably include a
label having usual prescription information along with a
machine-readable code, such as a bar code, containing information
concerning the prescription and/or the order. The code preferably
includes a prescription number identifying the prescription. The
code can also include other information relating to the
prescription or order, for example, an order number, the number of
bottles associated with the prescription order, etc. The
description of the embodiment described herein, by way of
illustrative example, is used to automatically package prescription
bottles. The system can be adapted for use in packaging various
other types of prescription containers including, for example,
boxes, vials, bags, cans, envelopes and the like.
[0033] Filled prescription bottles are delivered to a sorter 102
via a bottle conveyor 112. Under the control of a sorter controller
114 in communication with the host computer 108, the sorter 102
sorts the bottles into customer orders. The sorted bottles are
delivered to the packer 106 via a bottle conveyor 116.
[0034] The printer 104 generates literature packets customized to
each order to be inserted into the shipping package for each order,
on demand. Components of the printer subsystem 103 communicate with
a printer controller 118 that, in turn, communicates with the host
computer 108. The literature packets are transported by a
literature packet transport 120 to the packer 106.
[0035] The packer subsystem 105 verifies that all bottles of the
order have been properly consolidated by the sorter, determines the
weight of the order, generates shipping labels that include
postage, and packs the bottles and associated literature packet
into a labeled shipping package. Labeled shipping packages ready
for shipping are transported out of the packer 106 by package
conveyor 122. A packer controller 124 controls the packer. The
packer 106 is controlled by a packer controller 124, which is in
communication with the host computer 108.
Host Computer
[0036] The host computer system 108 has access to an order database
containing information about each order. The information in the
database can include information needed to fill the prescription,
to print a bottle label, to print material to accompany the order,
and to ship the order. The order database also preferably includes
a record of the order number associated with each order,
prescription number associated with each prescription making up the
order, and the number of bottles making up each prescription. The
host computer can communicate with various components of the system
including the automatic prescription dispensing system 110, the
sorter controller 114, the packer controller 124, the mail manifest
system 107, the printer controller 118, and the printer 104.
Sorter
[0037] The sorter system 101 is an optional component, which sorts
prescription bottles into orders. The sorter system 101 is not
required if, for example, the bottles are presorted by an automatic
prescription filling system or other means. The sorter system 101
can be used with an automated prescription dispensing system that
does not have a sorting function or when a separate or additional
sorting is desired. The components of the sorter system 101 are
controlled by a sorter controller 114, which can be any control
device, for example, a programmable logic controller (PLC),
personal computer or other computing device.
[0038] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the sorter 102
comprises a flat, belt-type conveyor 202, which transports bottles
from the input of the sorter 201 to the output of the sorter 203.
The conveyor 202 is divided into three conveyor lanes: an
input/output lane 204, a queue lane 208, and an overflow queue lane
206. Input/output lane 204 sequentially receives the filled
prescription bottles single file, preferably, from an automated
prescription dispensing system 110 (see FIG. 1). A bottle tip
sensor 210 sends a signal to the sorter controller 114 to stop the
conveyor 202 if a bottle on the input/output lane 204 is tipped.
The tip sensor is comprised of two conventional through-beam
sensors located in-line, one above the other. If a bottle is
standing, both sensors detect the bottle at the same time. If a
bottle has fallen over, only the lower sensor detects the bottle,
triggering a tipped bottle signal.
[0039] Bottles are accumulated in an input holding area 204a of
input/output lane 204 by a pneumatically operated input gate 212.
When input gate 212 is closed, the bottles are held in place in
input holding area 204a and the belt of conveyor 202 passes
underneath the stationary bottles. A stop gate 214 closes to
prevent additional bottles from entering the holding area 204a and
keeps pressure off the bottles in input holding area 204a.
[0040] In the illustrated embodiment, up to four bottles are
accumulated in the input holding area 204a. The system is
preferably configured to sort orders ranging from one to four
bottles per order. Orders comprising more than four bottles are
segregated for manual processing before entering the sorter. Sensor
216 sends a signal to the sorter controller 114 (FIG. 1) when four
bottles have been accumulated in the holding area 204a.
Alternatively, the system can be configured to handle various
numbers of bottles per order.
[0041] A bottle pick-and-place ("PNP") mechanism 218 transports
bottles from the input/output conveyor lane 204 to queue lane 208.
As used herein the terms "pick-and-place" and "PNP" are used to
refer generally to any mechanism used to transport bottles, which
encompasses any of a variety of structures. Bottle PNP mechanism
218 has four pick heads 220, which preferably comprise
vacuum-operated suction cups that adhere to the lids of the
prescription bottles. Upon receipt of the signal from sensor 216,
or a timer inside the sorter controller 114 (FIG. 1), the
controller 114 signals the bottle PNP 218 to pick up bottles
accumulated in the input holding area 204a. There may be one to
four bottles available in holding area 204a for sorting. Once the
bottles have been picked, the stop gate 214 opens, allowing the
next one to four bottles to enter the input holding area 204a.
[0042] The bottle PNP 218 lifts the bottles and rotates them about
their vertical axis to allow bar codes on the bottle labels to be
read by four bar code readers 222. The bar code on each bottle
provides a prescription number associated with the bottle. The
number of bottles associated with each order can be determined by
correlating the prescription number obtained from the bar code with
an order number and associated data relating to the order stored in
the order database accessible to the host computer system 108 (FIG.
1). The prescription number is relayed from the sorter controller
114 to the host computer 108, and the host computer 108 sends a
reply back to the sorter controller 114 with the order number and
order data that will determine the next action performed.
Alternatively, the bar code on the bottle can include a field
identifying the number of bottles in the order and other necessary
information, obviating the need to communicate with a host
system.
[0043] After scanning the bar codes, the bottles are placed in a
queue holding area 208a of queue lane 208. Bar code information is
transmitted to the sorter controller 114 (FIG. 1), which records
the position of each bottle in the queue in memory. In the
illustrated embodiment, bottle PNP 218 moves laterally across
input/output lane 204 and places the four bottles in queue holding
area 208a. Pneumatically operated queue gate 224 ensures proper
flow and sequencing of the bottles entering the queue. The queue
gate 224 retracts and the conveyor 202 moves the bottles from the
holding area 208a into a queue portion 208b of queue lane 208.
After all the bottles have moved from holding area 208a into the
queue portion 208b, the gate 224 is extended closing off the exit
to holding area 208a.
[0044] Once all bottles composing an order are in the queue, a
queue PNP 226, under the control of the sorter controller 114 (FIG.
1), picks up the bottles associated with each order and places the
bottles side-by-side on an output portion 204b of input/output
conveyor lane 204 in groups corresponding to each order. In the
illustrated embodiment, output lane 204b is downstream of and
formed by the same conveyor belt 202 as input holding area 204a,
with gate 212 separating the input from the output of input/output
conveyor lane 204. Alternatively, the various lanes of the sorter
can be formed using separate conveyors. The input/output conveyor
lane 204 runs parallel to the queue conveyor lane 208. The queue
PNP 226 has a plurality of vacuum-operated pick heads 228 that
adhere to the bottle lids, to allow the queue PNP 226 to pick up
one or more complete orders at a time from the queue portion 208b
of queue conveyor lane 208 and place them in the output portion
204b of input/output conveyor lane 204. A sensor 230 located at the
output 203 of the sorter detects when the output of the sorter is
blocked and sends a signal to the sorter controller, which causes
the sorter to pause temporarily.
[0045] Bottles that are not associated with complete orders or that
are rejected by the host computer 108 (FIG. 1) are moved by the
queue PNP 226 from the queue portion 208b of queue conveyor lane
208. When the sorter senses that the number of bottles in the queue
conveyor lane 208 has reached a predetermined limit, the queue PNP
226 temporarily picks up all bottles associated with completed
orders, leaving rejected bottles or bottles not associated with
complete orders in the queue portion 208b of the queue conveyor
lane 208. A pneumatically operated reject gate 232 at the end of
the queue conveyor lane 208 retracts, opening the end of the lane
208. The queue conveyor lane 208 is activated causing all remaining
bottles in the lane 208 to be discharged from the sorter off the
end of lane 208. Once all bottles in the queue conveyor lane 208
have been rejected, the reject gate 232 extends, closing off the
end of the conveyor lane 208. The queue PNP 226 places the bottles
associated with completed orders that it had been temporarily
holding back onto the queue portion 208b of queue conveyor lane
208.
[0046] In the case where power is interrupted via normal sorter
shutdown, opening of an interlock, or during an emergency shutdown,
the sorter controller 114 (FIG. 1) may loose data containing
information about the bottles in the sorter 102. After power has
been restored to the system and the sorter is placed into automatic
sequencing, an initialization routine is activates checking for
bottles within the system. Queue gate 224 is retracted and the
conveyor 202 activated. This causes all bottles to move toward the
output 232 of the sorter. All bottles in the output portion 204b of
input/output conveyor lane 204 exit the sorter. After the output
portion 204b is empty, the conveyor 202 stops and the queue gate
224 is extended, blocking the exit of the queue conveyor lane 208.
The queue PNP 226 extends over the queue portion 208b of queue
conveyor lane 208, picking up all bottles in the queue portion 208b
of that lane. The queue PNP 226 then move latterly to the output
portion 204b of input/output conveyor lane 204 where the bottles
are released. The stop gate 212 is retracted and the conveyor 202
is actuated in a reverse direction moving bottles into the input
holding area 204a of input/output lane 204. Stop gate 212 then
extends and the bottle PNP 218 picks the bottles from the input
holding area 204a, transporting them laterally to the bar code
scanners 222. After the bar code data has been read from each
bottle, the bottles are placed into the holding area 208a of queue
conveyor lane 208. The bottle PNP 218 retracts over to the input
holding area 204a, while both the stop gate 212 and queue gate 224
are retracted. The conveyor is activated moving the bottle(s) from
the queue holding area 208a to the queue portion 208b of queue lane
208. The conveyor stops and the queue gate 224 is extended, closing
off the holding area 208a. The conveyor is activated in a reverse
direction moving more bottles in the output portion 204b of
input/output lane 204 into the input holding area 204a. This
process continues until the output portion 204b is emptied of
bottles. Next, the queue PNP 226 extends latterly to the overflow
lane 206. All bottles in the overflow lane 206 are picked and
placed into the output portion 204b of input/output lane 204. The
above process is repeated. Once all of the bar codes on the bottles
have been scanned, the sorter controller 114 (FIG. 1) has record of
all bottle locations. Completed orders are moved to the output
portion 204b of input/output lane 204 and exit the sorter. The
sorter then resumes normal operation. If the sorter found no
bottles during the initialization sequence, automatic operation is
resumed.
[0047] From the sorter 102, a bottle conveyor 116 moves the sorted
bottles single file to the packer 106 as shown in FIG. 1.
Printer Subsystem
[0048] The printer subsystem 103 generates literature packets
associated with each order to be inserted into the shipping package
for each order. These literature packets are created as required
for packaging. Various components of the printer subsystem are
printer subsystem controller 118, which can be a circuit board
control system, personal computer or other control device.
[0049] The printer subsystem 103 includes a printer 104 for
printing literature associated with the order. The literature
associated with each order is preferably printed once the packer
106 receives a bottle associated with the order. As discussed
below, the packer can include a bar code reader for reading a bar
code on the bottles as the packer receives them. The code includes
information for identifying the order associated with the bottle.
The printer 104 generates literature associated with each order and
delivers the literature to the packer 106 once the packer has
received a bottle associated with the order. The printer 104 is
preferably dedicated to a single packer and is located adjacent to
the packer subsystem 105 and integrated into the automatic
packaging system 100. Multiple dedicated printers can be integrated
into the automatic packaging system 100 for increased printing
speed. An advantage of a dedicated printer adjacent to or
integrated with the packer subsystem is that it allows documents to
be quickly printed without the need to convey the documents from a
separate printer area or to sort documents generated by one or more
printers associated with multiple packers. By eliminating the need
to convey and sort literature packets, the dedicated printer can
generate literature packets more quickly than conventional printing
systems.
[0050] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the printer
subsystem 103 includes a high-speed, computer-controlled printer
104 that prints literature that are uniquely tailored to each
specific order. The printer 104 can communicate with a printer
controller 118, which is in communication with a host computer 108
(see FIG. 1) having access to a database of information relating to
each order. The printer 104 can also communicate directly with the
host computer 108. A print tray transport 304 transports the
individual pages of the literature packet from the printer to an
accumulator 306. The printer includes a bar code scanner 308 that
reads bar codes on the documents and provides initial literature
packet feedback to the packer controller 124 (see FIG. 1). The bar
code is also used to signal the printer subsystem when the last
page of the literature packet has been reached.
[0051] The accumulator 306 collects documents related to a single
order in a queue. The accumulator 306 contains a page counting
sensor and document present sensor. When the literature packet is
complete, the accumulator 306 sends the literature packet to the
print set queue 310.
[0052] The print set queue 310 includes a bar code scanner 309,
which scans a bar code printed on the literature packet and
verifies order information against the printed literature packet.
Upon bar code scan, data verifying that the correct number of pages
was printed for the literature packet is transmitted to the packer
controller 124 (FIG. 1) for use in determining the total weight of
the package for manifest generation, which is described below in
connection with the description of the packer.
[0053] A print purge tray 312 is used to reject any literature
packets that are identified as incomplete or out of sequence.
Rejected documents are diverted from the printer subsystem
transport and deposited in the print purge tray 312.
[0054] A belt-drive transport 314 moves the printed portion of the
literature packet to a folder 316. Remittance envelope feeder 318
inserts a remittance envelope into the literature packet. The
folder 316 folds the pages of the literature packet for insertion
into the collator 320. The folded pages of the literature packet
and remittance envelope are passed to the collator 320. Collator
320 takes all of the components of the literature packet and
organizes them for insertion. The collator 320 feeds the literature
packet to an inserter 322. The inserter 322 receives the collated
literature packet and can insert the complete literature packet
into the selected envelope or add the selected envelope to the
literature packet. The package envelope can be use by the customer
to renew prescriptions or to order prescription refills. Depending
upon the type of order, the system selects either a prepaid package
envelope from the pre-paid envelope feeder 324 or a non-prepaid
package envelope from the non-prepaid envelope feeder 326. The
system selects which envelope type to use as determined by the
specific order information indicated by the bar code. The selected
envelope is fed into the inserter 322 and positioned for document
insertion if required. The bar code on the documents can preferably
be read through window of the package envelope or from the top from
in the literature packet.
[0055] An interposer 328 receives the complete literature packet in
the order specific envelope. The literature packet transport 120,
can comprise a swing aim transport mechanism for delivering the
complete literature packet to the packer 106. The order specific
literature packet is delivered to the literature packet pick point
435 and positioned for the packer's load PNP 434 (FIG. 4). A bar
code scanner 437 at the pick point 435 verifies that the correct
literature packet is provided for the order being loaded. As
described in the below description of the packer, the bar code scan
supports the system's three-point validation process, which
verifies that the bar code information on the literature packet,
bottles, and shipping package all correspond to the same order.
Packer Subsystem
[0056] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 4, the packer subsystem 105
verifies that all bottles of the order have been properly
consolidated by the sorter, determines the weight of the bottles
composing the order, generates shipping labels that include a mail
manifest, and packs the bottles and associated literature packet
into a labeled shipping package. A packer controller 124, which can
be a PLC, personal computer or other computing device, controls the
components of the packer 106.
[0057] The packer 106 receives the prescription bottles
sequentially from the sorter 102 via a bottle feed conveyor 116.
The packer 106 includes a bottle tip sensor 402 at the input. When
activated, the tip sensor 402 sends a signal to the packer
controller 124, which stops the bottle feed conveyor 116 to allow
an operator to upright the bottle. A full queue sensor 404 monitors
the number of bottles waiting for processing on the input conveyor
406. Should the input conveyor 406 become full, the full queue
sensor 404 sends a signal to the packer controller 124, which in
turn stops the bottle feed conveyor 116 to the packer until the
full queue sensor 404 signals the packer controller 124 that the
input conveyor 406 is no longer full.
[0058] The input conveyor 406 transports the bottles to a load
station 408 where bottles are preferably accumulated in groups of
four. A bottle PNP 410 at the load station 408 includes four
vacuum-operated pick heads 412 that pick up the bottles by the
lids. The bottle PNP 410 lifts up four bottles and positions the
first two bottles in front of bar code scanners 414. The bottle PNP
410 rotates the bottles about their vertical axes to allow the bar
code information to be captured by the two bar code scanners 414.
Bar code data received from the scan station is transmitted to the
packer controller 124. Information obtained at the scan station is
used to verify order content. In a preferred embodiment, the packer
controller 124 is in communication with a host computer 108. The
host computer 108 uses the prescription information from the bar
code scan to retrieve order information from a database accessible
to the host computer 108 for verification. If a bar code cannot be
read the entire order is removed from the packer 106 and passed to
an exceptions conveyor 416, which discharges the bottles from the
packer 106. If the order is incomplete, cancelled by the host
system, or does not match the host system information, the order is
rejected by the packer 106 and passed through to the exceptions
conveyor 416.
[0059] Upon verification that the order is complete, the packer
controller 124 issues a print command to the host computer 108. The
host computer 108 generates a signal to the printer controller 118
to queue paperwork generation for a valid order. Order information
is transmitted from the host computer 108 to the printer controller
118.
[0060] After bar code scan, the bottle PNP 410 places the bottles
of each order onto a weigh scale 418. Once placed on the scale 418,
the bottles are weighed. The total weight of bottles for each order
is calculated and transmitted to the packer controller 124. Once
the bottles have been weighed, they are moved from the scale 418 to
a transport conveyor 420. The packer controller 124 calculates the
total order weight (bottles, literature packet, shipping package).
Alternatively, the packer controller can calculate the weight of
the order based upon a predetermined weight of the contents without
using a scale. For example, the order database accessible to the
host computer can include information regarding the contents of
each bottle (e.g., the type and quantity of medication contained in
each bottle). A drug database can include the predetermined weight
of various prescription medications. By accessing the drug
database, the host computer or packer controller can calculate the
weight of each bottle's contents based upon the units of medication
(e.g., number of pills) dispensed and the weight per unit. The
weight of the document packet can then be calculated without
actually weighing the package by adding the weight of the
calculated weight of the medication, bottles, literature, package,
and other contents.
[0061] The packer controller 124 transmits postage information to a
mail manifest system 107. As used herein, the term "mail manifest
system" refers broadly to any system that is capable of generating
shipping information including postage information, such as, for
example, a PITNEY BOWES.RTM. ASCENT.TM. mail center management
system, which can calculate postage and determine the means of
delivery. As used herein, the term "postage" refers broadly to any
indication of a charge and/or payment for shipping or mailing by
the U.S. postal service or private parcel or delivery service such
as, for example, FEDERAL EXPRESS.RTM. or UPS.RTM.. The packer
controller 124 stores a tracking record of the postal information
after recording the total weight of the order. The mail manifest
system 107 transmits label information to the print-and-apply
labeler 422.
[0062] The labeler 422 can print shipping labels including a bar
code (including order information), postage or shipping code,
shipping address and return address. The package may be any type of
bag, pouch, envelope, box or package. In the illustrated
embodiment, the package is a bag. The bag PNP assembly 424 uses a
vacuum-operated mechanism to pickup a shipping bag from one of two
bag trays 426 before placing it into a label print and apply area
428. A printed label is attached to a shipping bag positioned at a
labeling station. While at the labeling station, the order number
bar code is scanned to verify correctness of the order sequence.
The shipping bag is then moved to the order loading station for
receiving the order. As used herein the term "label" refers broadly
to any shipping indicia. For example, the labeler can be configured
to both print a separate adhesive label and apply it to the
shipping package, or to print a shipping label (i.e., shipping
information) directly on each package. Preformed shipping bags or
extruded rolls of material cut to the proper length are positioned
for product insertion utilizing a vacuum transfer system. The
transfer system moves the bags from the label print and apply area
428, through the bag open area 430 and heat seal area 432. A bag
open assembly at the bag open area 430 receives the labeled
shipping bag from the transport system and positions it for order
loading. The mechanism uses vacuum cups located above and below the
bag to position and open the bag.
[0063] A loading mechanism such as, for example, the load PNP
assembly 434 inserts the compete order into the open shipping bag.
As described above, the printer subsystem 103 generates an
order-unique literature, which may be inserted into a windowed
envelope. Folded literature packets are sent to the load PNP 434
assembly. The literature packet is positioned in a consistent,
repeatable fashion with the bar code label positioned at the
literature packet pick point 435 to allow scanning prior to
document pick. Before loading of the bags, the bar codes on the
prescription bottles, the literature packet and the shipping bags
are read to verify the order numbers are a three-way match. A
"reject or continue" decision is made at this point. The packer
preferably includes a three-axis, servo-driven load PNP 434 as the
mechanism for bottle and literature packet loading into a shipping
bag. The load PNP 434 picks up the literature packet from the
literature packet pick point 435. Bar code reader 437 scans the
literature packet. The order number is read from the literature
packet and sent to packer controller 124. A bottle bar code scanner
439 located at the bottle pick station scans the leading bottle of
the order to be picked and sends the information to the packer
controller 124 to verify the correct order is being selected. If
the correct order is in place then the process continues. If the
wrong order is in the queue, the packer stops, indicating a
critical error. If the order is correct, the load PNP 434 then
pivots and picks up the bottle(s) composing the order by using one
of four vacuum-operated pick heads. While in the labeling station
and after the label has been applied to the shipping bag, the bar
code on the shipping label is scanned by a bar code scanner 433 to
verify correctness of the order sequence. A bag opener at the bag
open area 430 positions and opens the bag. If there is a three-way
order number match on the literature packet, bottles, and shipping
bag, the loading arm of the load PNP 434 places the literature
packet and prescription bottle(s) into the opened bag together at
the same time. The shipping bag and order contents are moved to a
heat seal station 432. A heat-seal assembly uses a single impulse
type heat element on top and an unheated compression bar on the
bottom. The open end of the shipping bag is held in position while
the heat-seal assembly closes the bag and seals it. The sealed bag
is placed on a package conveyor 438, which transports the shipping
packages from the packer 106.
System Process
[0064] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a sorting
process in accordance with the present invention. The process is
initiated at step 500 where the prescription bottles are inducted
into the sorting system. At step 502, bar code information
(including prescription number) is read off of each bottle as it
enters the system. At step 504, the sorter controller transmits the
prescription number to the host computer and requests order
information. The host computer replies at step 506, sending order
information. The order information includes an order number,
prescription numbers associated with the order number, number of
bottles associated with each prescription number, and an order
status indicator. At step 508, the controller checks the status of
the order based upon the order indicator received and determines
whether the order status indicates that the bottle is to be
rejected. If it does, the sorter rejects the bottle at step 510 and
the process returns to step 502 to read the bar code for the next
bottle. If the bottle is not a reject, the process proceeds to step
512 where the sorter controller adds the order information (order
number, prescription number, and number of bottles per
prescription) to a sorter database. At step 514, the sorter
controller searches the sorter database to determine if the bottle
completes an order by determining if the other bottles have already
been received an entered into the database. If the order is not
complete, the system proceeds to step 516 where the sorter
controller instructs the sorter to place the bottle in a queue. If
the queue becomes full and the sorter does not receive a complete
order within a predetermined period of time, the bottles of the
rejected and partial orders are discharged from the sorter. At step
518, the sorter controller determines when the queue is full and
whether a predetermined period of time has expired. If both
conditions exist, the system proceeds to step 520, where the sorter
controller instructs the sorter to release the bottles of the
rejected and partial orders from the queue where they are
discharged from the sorter. If the bottle does complete an order,
the sorter controller prompts the system to release all bottles of
the complete order for packing at step 522.
[0065] FIGS. 6A-6E are a series of flow charts illustrating an
embodiment of an automatic packaging process according to the
present invention.
[0066] FIG. 6A illustrates an induction process for sorted bottles
entering the automatic packaging system. The process commences at
step 600 where the packer subsystem receives the sorted
prescription bottles. The bottles have a bar code printed on the
label identifying a unique prescription number. At step 602, a bar
code reader reads the bar code on each bottle. At step 604, the bar
code reader reads the coded prescription number and sends
information to the packer controller. The packer controller is in
communication with a host computer. The packer controller transmits
the prescription number to the host computer and requests order
information and status. At step 606, the host computer uses the
prescription number to access an order database and retrieves the
order number, all prescription numbers associated with the order,
and the number of bottles per each prescription number and
transmits this information to the packer controller along with a
status of the order (approved or rejected). At step 608, the packer
controller checks the status of the order based upon the
information received from the host computer to determine whether
the order is approved or rejected. If the order is rejected, the
packer rejects the bottle from the system at step 610 and the
process returns to step 602 and the next bottle is processed. If
the order is approved, the process proceeds to step 612 and the
packer controller accesses a packer database to determine if the
order number is already in the database. If the order is not in the
database, the packer controller adds the order information to the
database (order number, prescription numbers, and number of bottles
associated with each prescription number) at step 614. Once the
order has been added or if the order was determined to be in the
database, the process proceeds to step 616 where the packer
controller checks the information in the packer database to
determine if the bottle completes an order. If the order is not
complete, the process returns to step 602 and the induction process
is repeated for the next bottle. At step 618, the system determines
whether the bottle is part of a different order than the previous
bottle received by the packer. If the bottle is part of a new
order, the bottles of the previous incomplete order are rejected at
step 620 and discharged from the packer. If the bottle is not part
of a new order, the process proceeds to step 602 and the bar code
on the next bottle entering the packer is scanned. If the order is
complete, the packer controller initiates a document print request
as illustrated in FIG. 6B.
[0067] FIG. 6B illustrates a document printing process. Once the
packer controller determines that a complete order has been
received by the packer, the packer controller initiates the
printing process at step 622 by sending the order number to the
host computer and requesting a an order-specific literature packet.
The host computer responds at step 624 and sends the order
literature packet data to the printer subsystem. At step 626,
literature packets are printed, marking each page with a bar code,
indicating the order number, type of remittance envelope, and the
number of pages in the packet. At step 628, the literature for the
packet are accumulated as a bar code reader scans the bar code
information on each page and transmits the bar code information to
the printer controller. The printer controller records the bar code
information (including order number, type of remittance envelope,
and the number of pages in the packet) in memory. At step 630, the
printer controller determines whether a scanned page is the last
page of the literature packet. This determination can be made by
placing an "end-of-set" code on the last page of each literature
pack that indicates the end of a literature pack and an "start set"
code on the first page of each literature pack. In this manner, a
complete packet is indicated when the bar code scanner reads a
"start set" code and a corresponding "end set" code. If the
document is not part of a new packet, the process returns to step
626 where other documents of the literature packet are printed.
Once the literature packet is complete, the process proceeds to
step 632 where the printer controller determines if all pages of
the packet printed. This step can be accomplished by determining if
a "start set" code was followed by a corresponding "end set" code.
Alternatively, or as a backup, each bar code can include
information indicating a page sequence and the total number of
pages associated with the packet. If all pages did not print, the
literature packet is rejected and discharged from the printer at
step 634, and the process returns to step 626 where the documents
are reprinted. If the literature packet is complete and all pages
of the packet printed, the process proceeds to step 636 where the
printer controller sends the order number and document weight
information to the packer controller. The literature weight
information is data for determining the weight of the literature
packet. The literature weight information can be the actual weight
of the literature packet or parts thereof, or can be information
for calculating the weight, such as, the number of pages and number
of envelopes used in the order. The process then proceeds to step
638 where the literature packet is folded and a remittance envelope
may be added to the packet. A return envelope is selected and the
folded document packet is inserted into the selected return
envelope with a bar code indicating the order number showing
through the window of the envelope. The completed literature packet
is then passed to the packer 106 at step 640.
[0068] FIG. 6C is a flow chart illustrating a package weight
determination process. The process commences at step 642 where the
packer places all bottles of the complete order on a scale. As
discussed above, the weight of the bottles can also be calculated
without a scale by retrieving information regarding the contents of
each bottle from an order database and retrieving information
regarding the weight of various prescription drugs from a drug
database. Once the weight of the bottles of the order is
determined, the packer controller at step 644 records the weight of
the bottles composing each order. At step 646, the packer
controller receives the literature weight information from the
printer controller and calculates the weight of the literature
packet. The total weight of the order-specific literature packet is
calculated based upon the number and types of documents, envelopes
and other materials associated with the specific order, which may
vary from order to order. The packer controller then adds the
bottle weight to the calculated literature packet weight and weight
of the bag or other packaging material to determine the total
package weight. At step 648, the packer controller sends the order
number and package weight to the mail manifest system.
[0069] FIG. 6D illustrates the functions performed by the mail
manifest system. At step 650, the mail manifest system receives the
order number and package weight from the packer controller. The
mail manifest system sends the order number to the host computer at
step 652. At illustrated at 654, the host computer returns order
status and shipping information (including name, address and any
special shipping instructions) to the mail manifest system. From
the information received from the host computer, the mail manifest
system determines the appropriate carrier and postage, at step 656.
The process proceeds to step 658 where the mail manifest system
sends the shipping label information to the print-and-apply label
printer. At step 659, the label printer prints the shipping
information, including postage, carrier bar codes if required, and
a bar code containing the order number, onto a shipping label and
applies it to a shipping bag. As noted above, the label can be a
separate label that is adhered to the bag or, alternatively, it can
be printed directly on the bag, depending upon the type of labeler
and shipping container selected.
[0070] FIG. 6E is a flow chart illustrating the final verification
and packaging process. At step 660, the bottles composing the order
are transferred from the scale to the loading mechanism where a
final bar code scan is made and the packer controller records the
order number., At step 662, the literature packet is received from
the printer subsystem where the bar code on the literature packet
is scanned and the packer controller records the order number. At
step 664, the bar code on the shipping label is scanned and the
packer controller records the order number. At step 666, the packer
controller compares the order number from the bottles with the
order number from the literature packet and shipping label to
ensure that there is a three-way match. If the order numbers do not
match, the literature packet, bottles and bag are rejected at step
668 and discharged from the packer. At step 670, the packer
controller sends the order number to the mail manifest system
indicating that the order was not shipped. If at step 666 it is
determined that the order numbers match, the process proceeds to
step 672 and the bottle and literature packet are placed into the
shipping bag and the bag is sealed. At step 674, the packer
controller sends the order number to the host computer indicating
that the order has been shipped.
[0071] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a
significant advantage of the automatic packaging system over prior
systems is that the package exists the system ready for shipping.
Unlike conventional systems, the package does not need to be sent
to a mailing station for further processing. The innovative system
of the present invention eliminates the need for further manual
packaging, weighing, labeling or sorting of the package for
shipping. A final three-point validation step verifies matching bar
codes on the sipping container, order contents, and documentation
packaged. Thus, the system provides the significant advantage of
reducing the cost of packaging by eliminating additional steps and
labor associated therewith. The system also eliminates the risk of
human error in mislabeling the package and the possibility of
sending the wrong literature, medicine, or package to a
customer.
[0072] Although the invention has been described with reference to
a specific embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in
the art that various changes may be made without departing from the
spirit or scope of the invention. For instance, the numerous
details set forth herein relating to the configuration and
operation of the presently preferred embodiment of the conveyor
systems, PNP mechanisms, and control system components are provided
to facilitate an understanding of the invention and are not
provided to limit the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the
disclosure of a preferred embodiment of the invention is intended
to be illustrative of the scope of the invention and is not
intended to be limiting. It is intended that the scope of the
invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the
appended claims.
* * * * *