U.S. patent application number 10/454924 was filed with the patent office on 2004-12-09 for bit body formed of multiple matrix materials and method for making the same.
Invention is credited to Kembaiyan, Kumar T..
Application Number | 20040245024 10/454924 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33489823 |
Filed Date | 2004-12-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040245024 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kembaiyan, Kumar T. |
December 9, 2004 |
Bit body formed of multiple matrix materials and method for making
the same
Abstract
Drill bit bodies are provided having one portion formed of one
composition and a further portion formed of a different
composition. The different compositions provide different
functional properties to respective portions of the drill bit body.
Methods for forming such drill bit bodies are also provided.
Inventors: |
Kembaiyan, Kumar T.; (The
Woodlands, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CHRISTIE, PARKER & HALE, LLP
PO BOX 7068
PASADENA
CA
91109-7068
US
|
Family ID: |
33489823 |
Appl. No.: |
10/454924 |
Filed: |
June 5, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
175/425 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 10/00 20130101;
B22F 7/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
175/425 |
International
Class: |
E21B 010/36 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A drill bit body comprising a solid structural body having a
portion formed of a first composition and a further portion formed
of a second composition, said first composition differing from said
second composition and said portion being a feature being selected
from the group consisting of a core, a blade, and a liner of a
cavity extending into said solid structural body for receiving a
cutting element therein.
2. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
includes a first matrix material as a primary component thereof and
said second composition includes a second matrix material as a
primary component thereof, said first matrix material differing
from said second matrix material.
3. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
includes a first matrix material and said second composition
includes a plurality of further matrix materials including a second
matrix material and a third matrix material, said first matrix
material differing from at least said second matrix material.
4. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
comprises a first matrix material and at least a first metal
additive and said second composition comprises a second matrix
material and at least a second metal additive, said first metal
additive differing from said second metal additive.
5. The drill bit body as in claim 4, wherein each of said first
metal additive and said second metal additive comprises one of
cobalt, nickel, and iron.
6. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
includes a first matrix material and a first metal additive at a
first weight percentage therein, and said second composition
includes a second matrix material and a second metal additive at a
second weight percentage therein, said first weight percentage
being different from said second weight percentage.
7. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
includes a first matrix material and a second matrix material at a
first weight percentage therein, and said second composition
includes said first matrix material and said second matrix material
at a second weight percentage therein, said first weight percentage
being different from said second weight percentage.
8. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first composition
includes a first matrix material comprising a first type of
tungsten carbide and said second composition includes a second
matrix material comprising a second type of tungsten carbide, each
of said first type of tungsten carbide and said second type of
tungsten carbide selected from the group consisting of carburized
tungsten carbide, cast tungsten carbide, macro-crystalline tungsten
carbide, crushed sintered tungsten carbide and pelletized sintered
tungsten carbide.
9. The drill bit body as in claim 1, in which said first
composition provides at least a first functional property to said
structural body and said second composition provides at least a
second functional property to said structural body, said first
functional property differing from said second functional
property.
10. The drill bit body as in claim 9, wherein each of said first
functional property and said second functional property is a
functional property selected from the group consisting of a
desirable degree of braze strength, a desirable degree of erosion
resistance, a desirable degree of abrasion resistance, a desirable
degree of steel bond strength, a desirable degree of toughness, a
desirable degree of hardness, and a desirable degree of transverse
rupture strength.
11. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said feature is a
core comprising an interface region that forms an interface with a
metallic blank bonded to said drill bit body.
12. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said solid structural
body further comprises a further feature formed of a third
composition, said third composition differing from each of said
first composition and said second composition, and said further
feature being selected from the group consisting of a core, a
blade, and a liner of a cavity extending into said solid structural
body for receiving a cutting element therein.
13. The drill bit body as in claim 12, wherein said feature
comprises said liner and said further feature is a surface of said
structural body adjacent said cavity.
14. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said group further
includes teeth of said bit body.
15. The drill bit body as in claim 1, wherein said first
composition comprises a first mixture of more than one type of
tungsten carbide and said second composition comprises a second
mixture of more than one type of tungsten carbide, each type of
tungsten carbide selected from the group consisting of carburized
tungsten carbide, cast tungsten carbide, macro-crystalline tungsten
carbide, crushed sintered tungsten carbide and pelletized sintered
tungsten carbide.
16. A method for forming a drill bit body comprising: providing a
mold; and packing said mold with a first matrix powder and a second
matrix powder to form a drill bit body having a portion formed of
said first matrix powder and a further portion formed of said
second matrix powder, said first matrix powder differing from said
second matrix powder and said portion being a feature selected from
the group consisting of a core, a blade, and a liner of a cavity
that extends into said drill bit body.
17. The method as in claim 16, wherein each of said first matrix
powder and said second matrix powder comprise a matrix material and
at least one metal additive.
18. The method as in claim 16, further comprising sintering to
solidify said drill bit body.
19. The method as in claim 18, wherein said sintering converts said
first matrix powder to a first composition including a first set of
functional properties and said second matrix powder to a second
composition including a second set of functional properties being
different from said first set of functional properties, each of
said first and second sets of functional properties including at
least one functional property selected from the group consisting of
a desirable degree of braze strength, a desirable degree of erosion
resistance, a desirable degree of hardness, a desirable degree of
abrasion resistance, a desirable degree of steel bond strength, a
desirable degree of toughness and a desirable degree of transverse
rupture strength.
20. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first matrix material and said second matrix powder
includes a second matrix material, said first matrix material
differing from said second matrix material.
21. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first matrix material and said second matrix powder
includes a plurality of further matrix materials including a second
matrix material and a third matrix material, said first matrix
material differing from said second matrix material.
22. The method as in claim 16, in which said first matrix powder
includes a first metal additive and said second matrix powder
includes a second metal additive, said first metal additive
differing from said second metal additive.
23. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first type of tungsten carbide and said second matrix
powder includes a second type of tungsten carbide, said first type
of tungsten carbide differing from said second type of tungsten
carbide, each of said first type of tungsten carbide and said
second type of tungsten carbide selected from the group consisting
of carburized tungsten carbide, cast tungsten carbide,
macro-crystalline tungsten carbide, crushed sintered tungsten
carbide and pelletized sintered tungsten carbide.
24. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first average particle size and said second matrix
powder includes a second average particle size being different than
said first average particle size.
25. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first particle size distribution and said second matrix
powder includes a second particle size distribution being different
from said first particle size distribution.
26. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first mixture of more than one type of tungsten carbide
matrix material and said second matrix powder includes a second
mixture of more than one type of tungsten carbide matrix
material.
27. The method as in claim 16, wherein said packing includes at
least one of said first matrix powder and said second matrix powder
including diamond powder as part thereof.
28. The method as in claim 16, wherein said packing further
comprises packing said mold with a third matrix powder to produce
said drill bit body having a further feature formed of said third
matrix powder, said further feature selected from the group
consisting of a core, a blade, teeth, and a liner of a cavity that
extends into said drill bit body, and said third matrix powder
differing from each of said first matrix powder and said second
matrix powder.
29. The method as in claim 16, wherein said first matrix powder
includes a first mixture of more than one matrix material and said
second matrix powder includes a second mixture of more than one
matrix material.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application is related to co-pending U.S. patent
application Ser. No. ______, entitled "Improved Bonding of Cutters
in Diamond Drill Bits", filed ______ and Ser. No. ______, entitled
"Drill Bit Body with Multiple Binders", filed ______, the contents
of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Various types and shapes of earth boring bits are used in
various applications in today's earth drilling industry. The earth
boring bits have bit bodies which include various features such as
a core, blades, and pockets that extend into the bit body.
Depending on the application, the drill bits may contain cutting
elements such as polycrystalline diamond cutters (PDCs) and
therefore be called PDC bits. Other bits have diamonds impregnated
into the bit bodies for drilling through earthen formations. Such
bits may also contain hot-pressed cutting elements called Grit
hot-pressed inserts (GHIs). The cutting elements are received
within the bit body pockets and are typically bonded to the bit
body by brazing to the inner surfaces of the pockets. Bit bodies
are typically made either from steel or from a tungsten carbide
matrix. Bits made from the tungsten carbide matrix typically
include a separately formed reinforcing member made of steel, and
which is bonded to the matrix. The reinforcing member is positioned
in the core section of the bit body and protrudes from the bit
body.
[0003] The matrix bit body is typically formed of a single,
relatively homogenous composition throughout the bit body. The
single composition may constitute either a single matrix material
such as tungsten carbide or a mixture of matrix materials such as
different forms of tungsten carbide. The matrix material or mixture
thereof, is commonly bonded into solid form by fusing a metallic
binder material and the matrix material or mixture.
[0004] The drill bit formation process typically includes placing a
matrix powder in a mold. The mold is commonly formed of graphite
and may be machined into various suitable shapes. Displacements are
typically added to the mold to define the pockets. The matrix
powder may be a powder of a single matrix material such as tungsten
carbide, or it may be a mixture of more than one matrix material
such as different forms of tungsten carbide. The matrix powder may
include further components such as metal additives. Metallic binder
material is then typically placed over the matrix powder. The
components within the mold are then heated in a furnace to the flow
or infiltration temperature of the binder material at which the
melted binder material infiltrates the tungsten carbide or other
matrix material. This heating process is commonly referred to as
sintering or liquid phase sintering. The infiltration process which
occurs during sintering, bonds the grains of matrix material to
each other and to the other components to form a solid bit body
that is relatively homogenous throughout. The sintering process
also causes the matrix material to bond to other structures that it
contacts, such as a metallic blank which may be suspended within
the mold to produce the aforementioned reinforcing member. After
formation of the bit body, a protruding section of the metallic
blank may be welded to a second component called an upper section.
The upper section typically has a tapered portion that is threaded
onto a drilling string.
[0005] The bit body typically includes blades which support the
PDCs or GHIs which, in turn, perform the cutting operation. The
blades may take on various shapes and may be reinforced with
natural or synthetic diamonds formed on their respective surfaces,
or they may be impregnated with diamond crystals throughout.
[0006] The drill bit body is typically formed to include cavities,
commonly referred to as pockets, that extend into the bit body. The
pockets which receive the cutting elements, are generally formed in
the blade regions of the bit body.
[0007] The matrix material or materials determine the mechanical
properties of the bit body. These mechanical properties include,
but are not limited to, transverse rupture strength (TRS),
toughness (resistance to impact-type fracture), hardness, wear
resistance (including resistance to erosion from rapidly flowing
drilling fluid and abrasion from rock formations), steel bond
strength between the matrix material and steel reinforcing
elements, such as a steel blank, and strength of the bond to the
cutting elements, i.e., braze strength, between the finished body
material and the PCD insert, GHI, or other cutting element.
Abrasion resistance represents another such mechanical
property.
[0008] The mechanical properties of the formed drill bit body may
also be affected by the binder material used as well as the
presence of diamond crystals impregnated within the bit body.
[0009] According to conventional drill bit manufacturing, a single
matrix powder is selected in conjunction with the binder material,
to provide desired mechanical properties to the bit body. The
single matrix powder is packed throughout the mold to form a bit
body having the same mechanical properties throughout. It would,
however, be desirable to optimize the overall structure of the
drill bit body by providing different mechanical properties to
different portions of the drill bit body, in essence tailoring the
bit body. For example, wear resistance is especially desirable at
regions around the cutting elements and throughout the outer
surface of the bit body, high strength and toughness are especially
desirable at the bit blades and throughout the bulk of the bit
body, superior braze strength is desirable in the pockets to which
cutting inserts are brazed, and steel bond strength is desirable in
the core region which is bonded to the steel blank. According to
the conventional art, the choice of the single matrix powder
represents a compromise, as it must be chosen to produce one of the
properties that are desirable in one region, generally at the
expense of another property or properties that may be desirable in
another region.
[0010] It is therefore a shortcoming of the conventional art that a
drill bit cannot be formed to include different desirable
mechanical properties in different regions of the drill bit body.
The present invention addresses these shortcomings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention is directed to a solid structural
body, such as a drill bit body, that is formed of different matrix
materials and is optimized to include different functional
properties in different spatial locations. The present invention
also provides methods for forming such a structural body.
[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is
directed to a drill bit body. The drill bit body is a solid
structural body having a portion formed of a first composition and
a further portion formed of a second composition. The first
composition differs from the second composition. The portion may be
the core, a blade, or the liner of a cavity extending into said
solid structural body for receiving a cutting element therein. The
first composition may consist primarily of a first matrix material
and the second composition primarily of a second matrix material,
the first matrix material being different from the second matrix
material. The first and second compositions provide different
functional properties to respective portions of the bit body.
[0013] In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method
for forming such a drill bit body is provided. The method includes
providing a mold and packing the mold with a first matrix powder
and a second matrix powder to produce a drill bit body having a
portion formed of the first matrix powder and a further portion
formed of the second matrix powder. The first matrix powder differs
from the second matrix powder, and the portion may be the core, a
blade or the liner of a cavity extending into the drill bit body
for receiving a cutting element.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The invention is best understood from the following detailed
description when read in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings. It is emphasized that, according to common practice, the
various features of the drawing are not to scale. On the contrary,
the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded
or reduced for clarity. Like numbers denote like features
throughout the specification and drawings. Included are the
following figures:
[0015] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold packed with
materials for forming a bit body according to an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary bit body of
the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary bit
body of the present invention;
[0018] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a further exemplary
embodiment bit body of the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a
bit body formed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention; and
[0020] FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a
bit body formed according to another exemplary embodiment of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] The present invention provides a solid structural body of
matrix material, such as a drill bit body, in which a feature of
the bit body is formed from a matrix powder that is different from
the matrix powder used to form other portions of the bit body. The
feature may be the core, blades, or teeth of the bit body, the
linings of a pocket that extends into the bit body for receiving
cutting elements or surface portions adjacent the pocket. The
different matrix powders produce different compositions that
provide different functional properties. The present invention also
provides a method for forming the bit body by packing a mold using
different matrix powders in different portions of the mold.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an exemplary mold
packed with different matrix powders in different regions according
to the present invention. Mold 2 is shaped to form a drill bit
body. Inner surfaces 4 of mold 2 define the shape of the bit body.
In the illustrated embodiment, the arrangement also includes
displacement 8 which will form a cavity that extends into the
formed drill bit body. Interior 6 of mold 2 is packed with multiple
matrix powders including at least two matrix powders that differ
from one another. The illustrated embodiment shows matrix powders
10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 disposed in various portions of interior 6 of
mold 2 to produce different compositions in respective regions of
the formed bit body. Matrix powders 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 may each
produce a particular feature in the formed bit body. In one
exemplary embodiment, matrix powders 12, 14, 16 and 18 each differ
from one another and from matrix powder 10. According to this
embodiment, each of matrix powders 10, 14, 16 and 18 produce
different compositions with associated, different functional
properties, in the respective portions of the bit body that will be
formed from the components disposed within mold 2. In another
exemplary embodiment, only matrix powder 12 differs from matrix
powders 10, 14, 16 and 18 which are the same. In another exemplary
embodiment, only matrix powder 14 differs from matrix powders 10,
12, 16 and 18 which are the same. In yet another exemplary
embodiment, only matrix powder 16 differs from matrix powders 10,
14, 16 and 18 which are the same. In still another exemplary
embodiment, only matrix powder 18 differs from matrix powders 10,
12, 14 and 16 which are the same. In a further exemplary
embodiment, matrix powders 12 and 18 differ from each other and
from matrix powders 10, 14 and 16 which are the same. Alternatively
stated, each of matrix powders 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 will differ
from one or more of the other matrix powders 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18
in various exemplary embodiments. More than five distinct matrix
powders may be used in other exemplary embodiments and the distinct
matrix powders may be disposed in various locations in the
mold.
[0023] Each of matrix powders 10, 14, 16, and 18 consists of at
least one matrix material such as tungsten carbide, and an optional
metal additive or additives. Cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni),
or other transition metals are suitable metal additives. The metal
additives may be present in various weight percentages within the
particular matrix powder. One or more metal additives may be used.
In an exemplary embodiment, each metal additive may be present at a
weight percentage of up to 10% by weight and the total weight
percentage of all metal additives may be up to 15% by weight.
[0024] Various suitable materials may be used as matrix materials.
In one exemplary embodiment, the matrix material may be formed of
tungsten carbide, WC. More specifically, the matrix material may be
a particular type of tungsten carbide such as macro-crystalline
tungsten carbide, cast tungsten carbide, carburized tungsten
carbide or sintered tungsten carbide. The sintered tungsten carbide
may be crushed or pelletized. In another exemplary embodiment, the
matrix powder may include two or more matrix materials. For
example, the matrix powder may include a mixture of two or more of
the aforementioned types of WC. The two or more types of matrix
materials may be combined in various weight proportions. In other
exemplary embodiments, materials other than tungsten carbide may be
the matrix material or may form part of the matrix material
included in the matrix powder. As such, one matrix powder may
differ from another matrix powder by having one or more of the
above-described attributes being different.
[0025] Furthermore, one matrix powder may differ from another
matrix powder only in particle size. Similarly, one matrix powder
may differ from another matrix powder because a component included
in both matrix powders has different particle sizes in the two
matrix powders. The "particle size" may be the average particle
size of the overall matrix powder or component, or it may represent
the particle size distribution within the overall matrix powder or
component. Matrix powders will differ from one another if a
particular component, i.e. a matrix material and/or metal additive,
is included in each of the matrix powders but includes different
average particle sizes or different particle size distributions.
Similarly, matrix powders will differ from one another if they
include different weight proportions of components having different
particle sizes. In addition, the matrix powders may include diamond
crystals, also known as diamond grit, in various concentrations and
having various particle sizes.
[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides for
packing a mold such as mold 2, with different matrix powders in
different spatial locations to form a drill bit body. Matrix
powders 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 are disposed in different locations
to form different features in the formed bit body. For example, in
the illustrated embodiment matrix powder 14 forms a blade, matrix
powder 12 forms the liner of a cavity, or pocket, formed to extend
into the bit body, and matrix powder 18 forms the surface of the
bit body, more particularly, the portion of the surface of the
formed bit body that is adjacent to the pocket. Matrix powder 10
forms the greatest portion of the bit body. Matrix powder 16 may
form the core region which interfaces with metallic blank 20 which
is disposed within mold 2. Metallic blank 20 may be formed of steel
or other suitable materials and is suspended within mold 2 prior to
or during the mold packing process.
[0027] The different matrix powders may be packed into the discrete
regions within the mold as illustrated in FIG. 1, using
conventional packing techniques. In one exemplary embodiment,
organic or other tapes may be used to separate the different matrix
powders from each other. In other exemplary embodiments, other
techniques for packing the mold with different powders in different
spatial locations or regions, may be used.
[0028] After the multiple matrix powders are packed into mold 2, a
binder material or materials may be added over the packed mold, and
the arrangement sintered. That is, a heating process is carried out
to elevate the temperature of mold 2 and the components in interior
6 of mold 2 and to cause the binder materials, usually copper or
nickel based alloys (not shown) to infiltrate and cement the matrix
powders. By infiltration, it is meant that the molten binder
material flows through the spaces between the matrix material
grains by means of capillary action. More particularly, the
infiltration process bonds the grains of the matrix material within
the matrix powder to each other to solidify the components within
the mold to produce a solid bit body, and also bonds the matrix
material to other structures that it contacts. For example, the
infiltration process also causes the interfacial portion of matrix
powder 16 to bond to metallic blank 20. Conventional sintering
processes are available and may be used.
[0029] Each of the matrix powders illustrated in FIG. 1 produces a
corresponding composition in the solidified bit body produced by
the sintering process. The compositions may vary by including
different matrix materials, different combinations of matrix
materials or combinations of different weight percentages of matrix
materials. Furthermore, the compositions may vary by including
different metal additives, different combinations of metal
additives, or metal additives present at different weight
percentages. Moreover, the compositions may vary by being formed
from matrix powders or components of matrix powders having
different average particle sizes and/or different particle size
distributions.
[0030] Each of the matrix powders illustrated in FIG. 1 forms a
composition that provides a particular functional property or set
of functional properties to the portion of the solid drill bit body
that it forms. These functional properties include, but are not
limited to a desirable degree of transverse rupture strength (TRS),
a desirable degree of toughness (resistance to impact-type
fracture), a desirable degree of wear resistance (including
resistance to erosion from rapidly flowing drilling fluid and
abrasion from rock formations), a desirable degree of hardness, a
desirable degree of abrasion resistance, a desirable degree of
steel bond strength between the matrix material and steel
reinforcing elements such as steel blank 20, and a desirable degree
of braze strength between the finished body material and a PCD
insert, GHI insert, or other cutting element brazed to the bit
body. By "functional property", it is meant that the mechanical
property of interest, is exhibited to a degree such that the
portion of the solid drill bit body is considered to demonstrate a
degree of the mechanical property that is desirable for its
application.
[0031] One exemplary matrix powder may consist of cast tungsten
carbide at 30% by weight, carburized tungsten carbide at 62% by
weight, and nickel powder as a metal additive at 8% by weight. The
exemplary matrix powder may include an overall particle size
distribution as follows: 2% wt. of 80 mesh particle size (177 .mu.m
average particle size); 14% wt. of 120 mesh particle size (125
.mu.m average particle size); 19% wt. of 170 mesh particle size (88
.mu.m average particle size); 20% wt. of 230 mesh particle size (63
.mu.m average particle size); 14% wt. of 325 mesh particle size (44
.mu.m average particle size); and 33% wt. of 400 mesh particle size
(30 .mu.m average particle size). In an exemplary embodiment, a
solid bit body formed by this exemplary matrix powder is
characterized as having a toughness of about 32 in/lb., a braze
push-out load of about 18,000 pounds, a transverse-rupture strength
(TRS) of 140 ksi, and a steel bond push-out load of about 70,000
pounds.
[0032] Another exemplary matrix powder may consist of carburized
tungsten carbide at 70% by weight and having a particle size range
of 20-60 .mu.m; cast tungsten carbide with a particle size range of
30-150 .mu.m at 20% by weight; and, cast tungsten carbide with a
particle size range of 5-20 .mu.m at 10% by weight. This exemplary
matrix powder is solidified to form a solid bit body that exhibits
a braze push-out load of about 22,300 pounds. This represents an
11% to 24% improvement over a typical braze push-out load of 18,000
to 20,000 pounds.
[0033] Other matrix powders may be used in other exemplary
embodiments. The various matrix powders may include different
components at various weight percentages and the matrix powders and
the components within the matrix powders may include different
average particle sizes and various particle size distribution
ranges.
[0034] Each of FIGS. 2-4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an
exemplary embodiment of a solid drill bit body bonded to a steel
blank and formed according to an exemplary embodiment of the
present invention.
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of drill bit body
40. Exemplary drill bit body 40 is a solid structural body defined
by outer surfaces 42 and is bonded to metallic blank 44 upon
formation and solidification. In the illustrated embodiment, drill
bit body 40 includes blade 48 formed of first composition 46 and
other portions of drill bit body 40 formed of second composition
50. First composition 46 and second composition 50 are formed from
different matrix powders and may vary from each other as described
above. Furthermore, first composition 46 and second composition 50
provide different functional properties or sets of functional
properties, to the respective portion of the solid bit body that
they form. First composition 46 may correspond to first matrix
powder 14 as shown in FIG. 1, and second composition 50 may
correspond to matrix powders 10, 12, 16 and 18 in an exemplary
embodiment in which matrix powders 10, 12, 16 and 18 are the same.
First composition 46 includes a first matrix material as a primary
component thereof and second composition 50 includes a second
matrix material as a primary component thereof. In one embodiment,
the first matrix material differs from the second matrix material.
Since first composition 46 forms the feature of blade 48, the
matrix powder chosen to form first composition 46 may therefore be
chosen to provide high strength and toughness in an exemplary
embodiment.
[0036] FIG. 3 illustrates another exemplary bit body formed
according to the present invention. Drill bit body 40 includes
first composition 52 and second composition 60. First composition
52 and second composition 60 are formed from different matrix
powders and may vary from one another in any of the manners
described above. Furthermore, first composition 52 and second
composition 60 provide different functional properties or sets of
functional properties, to the portion of the solid bit body that
they form. First composition 52 essentially forms the feature of
the portion of core region 54 that forms an interface with steel
blank 44. First composition 52 may correspond to first matrix
powder 16 such as shown in FIG. 1, and second composition 60 may
correspond to matrix powders 10, 12, 14 and 18, in an exemplary
embodiment in which matrix powders 10, 12, 14 and 18 are the same.
In an exemplary embodiment, first composition 52 may provide
superior steel bond strength as bit body 40 is bonded to steel
blank 44 in the core region 54. In an exemplary embodiment, nickel
may be included within first matrix powder 16 shown in FIG. 1, to
form first composition 46 to include enhanced bond strength.
[0037] FIG. 4 shows exemplary bit body 40 including pocket 56 that
extends inwardly from surface 42 of bit body 40. Pocket 56 is lined
with first composition 58 and other portions of bit body 40 are
formed of second composition 70 in the illustrated embodiment.
First composition 58 and second composition 70 are formed from
different matrix powders and may vary from each other as described
above. First composition 58 may correspond to first matrix powder
12 such as shown in FIG. 1, and second composition 70 may
correspond to matrix powders 10, 14, 16 and 18 in an exemplary
embodiment in which matrix powders 10, 14, 16 and 18 are the same.
First composition 58 forms the feature of the liner of pocket 56
and the portion of bit body 40 to which a cutting element, inserted
into pocket 56, will be brazed. First composition 58 and second
composition 70 include different functional properties or different
sets of functional properties. In an exemplary embodiment, first
composition 58 is chosen to provide superior bond or braze strength
between bit body 40 and the exemplary cutting element (not shown)
brazed to the liner of pocket 56.
[0038] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of exemplary
bit body 40. FIG. 5 shows first composition 58, second composition
66 and third composition 80. Each of first composition 58, second
composition 66 and third composition 80 are formed from different
matrix powders and may vary from each other as described above. In
an exemplary embodiment, the matrix powders may differ by including
different matrix materials. First composition 58 forms the feature
of the liner of pocket 56 and second composition 66 forms the
feature of the surface portion of bit body 40 that is adjacent
pocket 56. Pocket 56 may advantageously be formed within a blade
section of bit body 40. In an exemplary embodiment in which matrix
powders 10, 14 and 16 of FIG. 1 are the same, first composition 58
may correspond to matrix powder 12, second composition 66 may
correspond to matrix powder 18, and third composition 80 may
correspond to bulk matrix powder 10 and matrix powders 14 and 16.
First composition 58, second composition 66 and third composition
80 may provide different functional properties. For example, first
composition 58 may provide superior braze strength and second
composition 66 may provide superior wear resistance including
resistance to erosion from rapidly flowing drilling fluid and
abrasion from rock formations.
[0039] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of another
exemplary bit body 40 that includes pocket 56. Cutting element 82
includes cutting table 84 and is received within pocket 56, which
is formed within a blade section of bit body 40. FIG. 6 shows
fourth composition 68, as well as previously described first
composition 58, second composition 66 and third composition 80.
Each of first composition 58, second composition 66, third
composition 80, and fourth composition 68 are formed from different
matrix powders and may vary from each other as described above.
Fourth composition 68 forms the region behind pocket 56 and which
is exposed to the earthen formation during cutting. First
composition 58, second composition 66, third composition 80 and
fourth composition 68 may provide different functional properties,
for example, fourth composition 68 may advantageously provide
superior strength, toughness and hardness. For example, fourth
composition 68 may include diamond powder crystals therein.
[0040] It should be understood that the above-described and
illustrated exemplary embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive
of the present invention. According to other exemplary embodiments,
the formed drill bit body may be formed using two or more different
matrix powders disposed in various locations in the mold that will
form various features in the formed bit body. Each of the different
matrix powders corresponds to a different composition with
different functional properties in the formed drill bit body.
[0041] The preceding merely illustrates the principles of the
invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the
art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not
The preceding merely illustrates the principles of the invention.
It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be
able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly
described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention
and are included within its scope and spirit. Furthermore, all
examples and conditional language recited herein are principally
intended expressly to be only for pedagogical purposes and to aid
in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts
contributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to be
construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited
examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting
principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as
specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both
structural and the functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it
is intended that such equivalents include both currently known
equivalents and equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any
elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of
structure. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is not
intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and
described herein. Rather, the scope and spirit of the present
invention is embodied by the appended claims.
* * * * *