U.S. patent application number 10/499387 was filed with the patent office on 2004-12-02 for plateformed building element comprising zigzag shaped lamellae.
Invention is credited to Refond, Benny.
Application Number | 20040237465 10/499387 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 20286361 |
Filed Date | 2004-12-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040237465 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Refond, Benny |
December 2, 2004 |
Plateformed building element comprising zigzag shaped lamellae
Abstract
The present invention relates to a plateformed building element
(1), intended for the construction of floor structures and/or walls
and consists of wood or some other fibrous material with members
(2) connecting inner and outer sides (5, 6) positioned at a mutual
distance (A). Said connecting members are formed from plateformed
lamellae (2), distributed essentially along the whole surface range
of the intended building element. They extend incliningly and/or
curved in zigzag patterns and are distributed along said building
element (1) in pairs (2, 2) forming parallel channels (51)
therein.
Inventors: |
Refond, Benny; (Lidhult,
SE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Orum & Roth
53 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago
IL
60604-3606
US
|
Family ID: |
20286361 |
Appl. No.: |
10/499387 |
Filed: |
June 16, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
December 17, 2002 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/SE02/02366 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/783.11 ;
52/630; 52/798.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2/3405 20130101;
E04C 2002/3477 20130101; E04C 2002/345 20130101; E04B 5/12
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/783.11 ;
052/798.1; 052/630 |
International
Class: |
E04C 002/32 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 17, 2001 |
SE |
0104259-7 |
Claims
1. Plateformed building element for the construction of floor
structure and/or walls, and comprising wood or other fibrous
material with members connecting inner and outer sides positioned
at a mutual distance, the connecting members being formed from
plateformed crossbar-forming lamellae distributed essentially along
the whole surface range of the intended building element, extending
at an inclination and/or curving in a zigzag pattern and
distributed along said formed building element and forming pairs of
parallel channels therein, the crossbar-forming lamellae are
attached through nails or screws to strips and/or beams extending
perpendicularly to said lamellae, that the attachment joint is
formed from pairs of U-shaped receiving parts for beams
arranged-positioned or adjustable at an angle with respect to each
other, and that the crossbar-forming lamellae are received with
their longitudinal edges in grooves in the receiving parts.
2. The plateformed building element according to claim 1, wherein
the connecting members are attached to one another towards the
inner faces of the respective paired, plateformed surfaces of the
building element.
3. The plateformed building element according to claim 2, further
comprising joints formed from recesses and/or from ledge-shaped
rods arranged to be received in groove-shaped notches in said
crossbar-forming lamellae.
4. The plateformed building element according to claim 2, wherein
the crossbar-forming lamellae are connected to each other as well
as to the surface plates.
5. The plateformed building element according to claim 1, that
further comprising connectors said connectors exhibit triangular
shape and with grooves extending perpendicularly with respect to
each other.
6. The plateformed building element according to claim 1, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
7. The plateformed building element according to claim 1, wherein
the connecting members are groove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached
mode.
8. The plateformed building element according to claim 3, wherein
the crossbar-forming lamellae are connected to each other as well
as to the surface plates.
9. The plateformed building element according to claim 2, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
10. The plateformed building element according to claim 3, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
11. The plateformed building element according to claim 4, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
12. The plateformed building element according to claim 5, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
13. The plateformed building element according to claim 8, wherein
the connecting members are formed from a wave-shaped partition in
the formed building element.
14. The plateformed building element according to claim 2, wherein
the connecting members are groove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached
mode.
15. The plateformed building element according to claim 3, wherein
the connecting members are groove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached
mode.
16. The plateformed building element according to claim 4, wherein
the connecting members are grove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached
mode.
17. The plateformed building element according to claim 5, wherein
the connecting members are grove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached
mode.
18. The plateformed building element according to claim 8, wherein
the connecting members are grove-shaped when viewed along the
surface plane of the building element, and that the connecting
members form circular or polyhedral channels in the attached mode.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a plateformed building
element for the construction of floor structures and/or walls and
consisting of wood or other fibrous material with members
connecting inner and outer sides positioned at a mutual distance,
the connecting members formed from plateformed crossbar-forming
lamellae distributed essentially along the whole surface range of
the building element, extending at an inclination and/or curved
into zigzag patterns and distributed along said formed building
element and forming paired channels therein.
[0002] Plateformed building elements used in floor structures and
wall systems in buildings are manufactured manually at the building
site or prefabricated in a factory. Thereby, pairs of plates are
separated at a mutual distance by crossbars.
[0003] Previously known building elements of said kind consist of
lamellae, perpendicular to the surface layer of the building
element, forming square or rectangular cells.
[0004] SE 3384704 and DE 1941368 disclose previously known building
elements exhibiting stiffeners in the form of connections formed
from plateformed lamellae extending in folds or waves.
[0005] Building elements with trusses are also known wherein said
trusses are formed from inclined plates or metal rods. For
instance, FR 2 793 827 A1 discloses trusses composed of angulated
plates, but this concerns only a beam thus formed and not whole
plateformed building elements. Furthermore, WO 99/18304, EP 0 282
424 A1 and U.S. 4,475,328 A disclose trusses forming parallel
spaced beams from zigzag-shaped spacing members. The construction
of plateformed elements then takes place manually with a multitude
of such beams, which, apart from the fact that the building element
acquires limited strength, also may be time-consuming and
labor-intensive.
[0006] However, nothing of the previously mentioned and known
discloses the occurrence of any plateformed building element
comprising inclining and/or curved channel-forming lamellae
attached to lateral crossbars through nails or screws whereby the
anchoring joints are formed from U-shaped receptacles to which the
crossbars can be joined.
[0007] Known embodiments comprise building elements formed from
plates on opposite sides of inclined or curved channel-forming
lamellae, and which lamellae and plates are joined together by
gluing.
[0008] The purpose of the present invention is therefore among
other things to achieve an improved building element of the
initially mentioned kind that allows reduction of the total cost
for more efficient manufacturing in a factory as well as better
utilization of the supporting capacity of the material, furthermore
giving the building element a low tare weight.
[0009] Said purpose is achieved by way of a plateformed building
element characterized mainly in that the lamellae forming the
crossbars are attached to strips or beams extending perpendicularly
to the lamellae through nails and screws, that the anchoring joint
is formed from pairs of U-shaped receptacles for beams arranged
inclined or inclinable at an angle towards each other, and that the
crossbar-forming lamellae are received with their longitudinal
edges in grooves of the receptacles.
[0010] The invention is described below in the form of a number of
preferred embodiments, whereby reference is made to the enclosed
drawings, in which
[0011] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a plateformed building
element according to the invention seen from above at an angle,
[0012] FIG. 1A-1C show different embodiments of joints of building
element parts,
[0013] FIG. 2 shows a second example of a building element,
[0014] FIG. 2A shows the internal joints of said second
element,
[0015] FIG. 3 shows a third example of a building element,
[0016] FIG. 3A shows the internal joints of said third element,
[0017] FIG. 4 shows a fourth example of a building element,
[0018] FIG. 4A shows the internal joints of said fourth
example,
[0019] FIG. 5 shows a fifth example of a building element,
[0020] FIG. 5A shows the internal joints of said fifth element,
[0021] FIG. 6 shows a sixth example of a building element according
to the invention,
[0022] FIG. 6A-6C show joints for said sixth building element,
[0023] FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a further example of the
jointing of the building element, and
[0024] FIG. 8 shows an example of building with the elements.
[0025] The advantage in using beams rather than plates on at least
one side of the building element is that the building element is
formed essentially only from the centrally situated lamellae
arranged to extend at an angle with respect to each other and to be
able, in connected mode, to receive essentially the total load of
said building element.
[0026] According to the present invention, connection of the
building element to lateral beams takes place through U-shaped
angulated anchoring joints comprising pairs of U-shaped receptacles
for angulated lamellae and for connection to angulated beams as
shown, for example, in FIG. 6.
[0027] Also, the building element as defined in the new claim 1
cannot be considered obvious to a person skilled in the art based
on what has been shown to be previously known through the two cited
novelty referrals SE 384,708 and DE 1941368.
[0028] Thus, with support from what is mentioned above and in
particular on account of the considerable defining performed in the
claims, it is hereby requested that the present patent application
is approved on the basis of the new claims.
[0029] Advantages obtained through the invention include the
following:
[0030] Main Idea of the Building System
[0031] The present wall and floor structure system has a technical
level and thereby the right economical qualities. Through new
products with new thinking, such as this building-frame intended to
be supplemented by other working methods, wood will become more
competitive and its value will be increased with great potential.
According to calculation, the floor structure system has load
bearing capacity at rupture limit conditions and dynamic stiffness
towards oscillations at usage limit conditions, in both cases a
good measure of overcapacity.
[0032] Inclining the beams and joining them at the upper and lower
edges opens up great opportunity in the future for building
structures of wood. The system demonstrates the incredible strength
of wood in a co-operating cellular system.
[0033] floor structures of this tare weight receive a stiffness and
load bearing capacity exceeding other floor structures
[0034] in this floor structure system the whole structure, from the
lower to the upper edge, is utilized as load bearing properties
[0035] installations are easily performed along the upper and lower
edges
[0036] sound does not easily penetrate the inclined beams
[0037] the same reasoning is valid for fire; if the floor structure
system is well insulated the fire penetrates the beams only with
difficulty
[0038] the floor structure systems are highly cost-effective
[0039] the possibility to improve the capacity of the floor
structure systems increases by increasing the height of the zigzag
pattern, which does not appreciably increase the tare weight. It is
also possible to place crossbars closer together at the upper and
lower edges, and to use plate material
[0040] the building elements are easily jointed in length and
width
[0041] the building elements are to be manufactured in a width of
2.40 m and a length of 15 m as necessary. It may also be
manufactured in other lengths.
[0042] the floor structure system may be used as roofing elements
in which dormers can be placed directly on the roofing element,
thereby allowing the whole attic space to be used as a storey
[0043] the height of the floor structure system is smaller than
other floor structure systems due to the construction
[0044] the floor structure system is easy to assemble
[0045] the wall element is assembled standing in the full height of
the building up to the crest without any reclining wood
[0046] the floor structure rests hanging against the bearing wall,
anchored to the wall through work-holders
[0047] the building elements are easily insulated along the
triangular channels through profiled insulation mounted in falling
lengths
[0048] insulation is easily applied also in-between the crossbeams
mounted perpendicularly to the triangular channels
[0049] the floor structure elements may be joined at the
construction site in a fixture where the ceilings are mounted in an
ergonomic fashion. The elements of the floor structure system are
then hoisted into place
[0050] The wall elements may also be assembled, in full length and
lying down, at the site and then hoisted into place
[0051] the building system, in parts or as a whole, may also be
used for many other structures such as columns, sound shielding
fences, ceiling elements in hall-type structures, staircases,
elevator shafts etc.
[0052] General Description of the Building Element and its Use:
[0053] The manufacturing of the building elements is to be
performed as standardized as possible, with a width of 1.20 m or
2.40 m, but the length may be varied due to the manufacturing
method. The building elements can also be spliced in their
longitudinal direction.
[0054] The proposed building element for this purpose according to
the invention is characterized primarily in that the lamellae are
mounted, for instance, at an inclined angle in the form of one or
more sine curves absorbing the tensile and compressive forces with
a zero in the center of the building elements. Thereby, the forces
will co-operate with the outer shell in an efficient manner.
[0055] During construction of building elements, intended for floor
structures and/or framed walls from wood or other fibrous
materials, the core of the floor structure element or wall element
is designed as a trigonometric shape so that the load bearing
capacity increases exceptionally in co-operation with the design of
the outer shell. The forces co-operate in the way of a sine curve.
This is kept together through crossbars, boards or plate material,
perpendicularly along the upper and lower edges. At the breaking
points, the material is fixed together. It forms long
triangular-shaped channels along the crossbars or beams along the
lower as well as the upper edges.
[0056] These walls and floor structures are intended to be
manufactured as elements in a factory in order to keep the
manufacturing costs down. Setting up manufacturing lines involves
high initial expenditures, but holds much in store for the future
since the manufacturing costs can be kept low.
[0057] The characteristics of the wall and floor structure fulfill
many demands. The strength of the elements in all directions is
unique. A good tightness is obtained due to the connection of the
crossbars and beams. There will be no thermal bridges, and the
fireproofing is also good due to the tightness. Namely, a large
amount of material has to be burning before the fire penetrates.
Soundproofing is good since sound vibrations dissipate against the
inclined surfaces.
[0058] In Floor Structures and Wall Systems
[0059] Instead of placing crossbars of the walls perpendicularly
against the outer and inner faces of ground beams and ridge beams,
the crossbars are now inclined or curving towards each other with
connection in the short sides of the crossbars against the outer
and inner edges of the wall. In this way a zigzag pattern is
achieved in the wall system, endowing the wall with many good
qualities such as the load bearing capacity, soundproofness,
fireproofness, tightness, and very good stability in all
directions.
[0060] The same applies for floor structures. Here, the beams
(girder) are positioned inclining towards each other but are
connected to each other at the upper end of the beams. This applies
also for the lower ends. The connection can be through specially
designed metal shoes. Plates, crossbars or boards functioning to
keep the building element together may also be used.
[0061] The present invention relates to a cellularly divided
trigonometric building element in which the cells are kept together
along the upper and lower edges through plate material or
similar.
[0062] More specifically, the invention concerns such a building
element of the kind comprising a multitude of cells of similar
appearance, next to and mounted towards each other through gluing
or similar.
[0063] The inclined lamellae form a number of identical cells in
the building element A large number of different cellular systems
exist, wherein their appearance depends upon the design of the
lamellae The pattern of the various cells form longitudinal
channels in the longitudinal direction of the building element.
Each of the different cellular systems has different properties,
but it is the most cost efficient cellular system in relation to
the most desirable properties that will decide the manufacturing
system, which is to be as industrialized as possible. The material
in the upper and lower edges of the building element may be
different, for example, plate material, boards or crossbars made of
wood or other fibrous material mounted with glue or in similar
ways. Drawing irons may also be used at the lower edge of the
elements in order to increase the load bearing capacity of the
building elements. These drawing irons may be used to pull the
building elements together into large continuous floor structures
during assembly at the construction site
[0064] Prefabricated building element of said kind are utilized
above all as load-bearing floor structures and roof elements in the
building of one-family houses, apartment buildings, economy
buildings, and industrial premises etc. They can, however, also be
utilized for other purposes, for instance, as bearing wall
elements.
FURTHER SPECIFIED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0065] The invention is further described below with reference to
the enclosed drawings, in which
[0066] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a plateformed cell-shaped
building element 1 according to a first exemplifying embodiment of
the invention with triangularly inclined lamellae 2 connected for
mounting along the upper edge 3 and the lower edge 4. On the upper
face 3 of the building elements 1, materials of different kind are
used, such as board plates 5, cross bars or iron struts. At the
lower face 4 of the shown building element 1, tie-rods 6 or
crossbars are mounted.
[0067] FIG. 1A-1C show enlarged end views describing the design of
the lamellae during their mounting. All lamellae 2 are identical
elements also during mounting between the elements and the design
can be greatly varied. The objective is to attain a joint area as
large as possible. Therefore, a number of varieties are chosen to
be shown: 1A shows a dented embodiment, 1B shows a groove and
tongue embodiment, and 1C shows a round stave embodiment. All
embodiments are mounted with glue, screws, nails or similar.
[0068] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a plateformed cell
forming building element 101 according to an exemplifying
embodiment of the invention with triangularly inclined lamellae 102
joined together for mounting at the upper 103 and lower 104 edges.
The lamellae 102 are built from triangular crossbars 107, 108 with
milled grooves 109 for mounting of inclined plateformed lamellae
102 between the triangular crossbars according to FIG. 2. The upper
face of the building element may consist of plate material 105,
boards, crossbars or iron struts 106. The same applies to the lower
face 104.
[0069] FIG. 2A shows an enlargement of two plateformed building
elements 101 during lateral assembly. The building elements are not
completely joined in order to show that the tongue (the guide bar)
111 is mounted in a longitudinal groove 110 in a divided triangular
crossbar 108 in each building element 101. The procedure forms a
triangular crossbar of equal size when joining the building
elements 101. The building element 101 is constructed from
triangular lamellae 107, grooved 109 for mounting of inclined
plateformed lamellae 102. Between the crossbars at the outer edges
of the building element 101, the triangular crossbars 108 are
provided with an extra groove 110 in order to receive an elongated
tongue 111 during assembly of the building elements 101.
[0070] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of another building element
201 according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. The
embodiment is based upon a plate shaped to form a wave-shaped sine
curve, and cells are thereby connected through an outer layer on
the upper and lower faces of the building element. The upper face
of the building element may be constructed from plate material 205,
boards, crossbars or iron struts 206. The same applies to the lower
face 204.
[0071] FIG. 3A shows a small part of the enlargement of two
building elements 201 during connection. They are not completely
joined in order to demonstrate that the tongue (the guide bar) 211
is mounted in a guide groove 209 and holding the elements 201, 201
together.
[0072] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a cell-shaped building
element 301 according to an exemplifying embodiment of the
invention with a geometrical construction forming a cellular system
with lamellae. Said building element forms two wave-shaped sine
curves that absorb compressive and tensile forces in the whole
cellular system. The inclined cells 302, forming a regular
octahedron, are efficient in this embodiment. Plate material 305,
306, boards, crossbars or iron struts are mounted in the upper and
lower parts of the building element.
[0073] FIG. 4A shows an enlargement of two building elements during
connection. The building elements are not completely joined in
order to demonstrate that the tongue (guide bar) function is
mounted in grooves in the lower and upper parts of the building
element.
[0074] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a cell-shaped building
element 401 according to an exemplifying embodiment of the
invention with a geometrical construction forming a cellular system
with circular lamellae. Said building element forms two wave-shaped
sine curves that absorb compressive and tensile forces in the whole
cellular system. The inclined arced lamellae 402, together with the
surface layer 405; 406, form a strong building element that absorbs
great loads. Plate material, boards, crossbars or iron struts are
mounted in the upper and lower parts of the building element.
[0075] FIG. 5A shows an enlargement of two building elements during
connection. The building elements are not completely joined in
order to demonstrate that the tongue (guide bar) is mounted in
grooves in the lower and upper parts of the building element.
Insulation material I can be received in cavities 450 in said
building element 401 as well as inside the cells 451.
[0076] FIG. 6 shows examples of a floor structure element 501
constructed from a multitude of elongated inclined plate-shaped
lamellae 502. Attached perpendicular floor girders 505 and roof
girders 506, respectively, are received above and below said
lamellae 502. At the bottom of the floor structure, attachment can
take place through tie rods (not shown) in order to absorb greater
load.
[0077] Attachment of the floor girders 505 and the roof girders 506
may take place through attachment members 512, 513 in the form of
U-shaped assembling irons and angularly perpendicular anchor
plates.
[0078] Further Specified Description of the Invention:
[0079] Thus, more specifically, the invention relates to a
plateformed building element 1; 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601,
intended for the construction of floor structures and/or walls. It
consists of wood or other fibrous material with members 2; 102;
202; 302; 402; 502 connecting two inner and outer faces 5; 105;
205; 305; 405; 505, and 6; 106; 206; 306; 406; 506, respectively,
positioned at a mutual distance A from each other.
[0080] The connecting members are formed from plate-shaped lamellae
distributed essentially along the whole surface range of the
building element, extending inclined and/or curved in zigzag
patterns and distributed along said formed building element forming
pairs of parallel channels 51; 151; 251; 351; 451; 551.
[0081] Said connecting members are attached to each other towards
the inner face of the respective paired faces of the building
element, which are preferably plateformed. Connections between the
lamellae 2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502 may be formed from interacting
recesses 55, 56 and/or from ledge-shaped rods 57, 58 arranged to be
received in groove-shaped notches 59, 60; 61, 62 in said
crossbar-forming lamellae 2 as shown in FIG. 1A-1C.
[0082] Said regularly arranged lamellae 2; 102; 302; 402; 502 are
attached to each other as well as to said paired surface plates. In
the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the crossbar-forming lamellae
102 are received with their facing edges in grooves 109 at
ledge-shaped connectors 107, 108. In the shown preferred
embodiment, said connectors have a triangular cross section, and
are attached through glue joints, screw or nail joints to adjacent
connecting plates etc 105; 106. For example, said grooves 109 are
arranged to extend in pairs perpendicularly with respect to each
other.
[0083] The building element 201 shown in FIG. 3 exhibits connective
members 202 forming a wave-shaped longitudinal partition in the
formed building element 201.
[0084] According to embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the
connective members 302; 402, arranged at the thereby formed
building elements 301; 401, are groove-shaped when viewed along the
surface extension of the building element and extend in parallel
with respect to each other, In the attached mode, they form
channels 351; 451 with a round or multihedral cross section.
[0085] The crossbar-forming lamellae are attached to the strips
and/or beams that extend perpendicularly to said lamellae using
glue, nails, or screws.
[0086] FIG. 6-6C show how such nail joints 512 are formed from
paired U-shaped receptacles 512A, 512B for beams 505, 506 arranged
positioned or adjustable at an angle with respect to each other
through their receiving parts 512A, 512B. A swivel joint 513 in the
shape of a bolt 513A and nut 513B may be arranged to join the two
mutually adjustable beam receiving parts 512A, 512B. By turning one
receiving part 512A, it is adjusted in height and angle with
respect to the other connecting receiving part 512B.
[0087] When the floor structure elements 602, 602 are assembled
into a whole building element 601 such as floor structures and roof
elements, it is possible to reinforce the element by strapping
wires or strip iron 675 to the underlying wooden beams 606 with
work-holders perpendicular to the inclined lamellae 602, 602 where
the irons tensile force is utilized in the tensile moment of the
building element. In order to prevent structure-borne sound, known
and appropriate soundproofing material is mounted inside the
inclined lamellae, preferably at adjoining ends at the respective
U-shaped receptacles forming angulated fittings or attachment
joints 612. Said receptacles are preferably attached through a bolt
677, screwed into fastened, internally threaded lateral attachment
sleeves 678. In FIG. 7, the number 679 denotes the attachment part
for the bolt 677 that can be received by a sleeve 680, extending
through the same, and may consist of hard or elastic material.
[0088] Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiments
described above and shown in the enclosed drawings. Modifications
are possible, in particular concerning the character of the
different parts or by the use of equivalent techniques, without
deviating from the scope of protection of the invention such as
defined in the claims.
* * * * *