U.S. patent application number 10/793325 was filed with the patent office on 2004-11-25 for masonry structure.
Invention is credited to Garcia, Esaul, Husted, Martin D., Klein, Darin J..
Application Number | 20040231250 10/793325 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32962722 |
Filed Date | 2004-11-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040231250 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Husted, Martin D. ; et
al. |
November 25, 2004 |
Masonry structure
Abstract
A factory-build masonry fireplace includes a firebox, casing,
and chimney system, where the firebox defines a cavity. Masonry
panels are removably attached to the periphery of the cavity. Each
masonry panel has firebrick housings configured to hold a
corresponding firebrick, wherein the housings can optionally be
arranged in a running bond and herringbone patterns, among others.
Additionally, the base masonry panel defines an opening configured
to hold a removable ash dump, the opening covered with a removable
cover. In another arrangement, masonry panels have protruding walls
that are configured to hold a corresponding firebrick. The masonry
panels are used to build traditionally site built masonry
structures.
Inventors: |
Husted, Martin D.;
(Glendora, CA) ; Klein, Darin J.; (Dana Point,
CA) ; Garcia, Esaul; (Riverside, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP
2040 MAIN STREET
FOURTEENTH FLOOR
IRVINE
CA
92614
US
|
Family ID: |
32962722 |
Appl. No.: |
10/793325 |
Filed: |
March 4, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60452478 |
Mar 5, 2003 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/36.3 ;
52/27 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23M 2900/05004
20130101; E04F 19/005 20130101; F23M 5/04 20130101; F24B 1/191
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/036.3 ;
052/027 |
International
Class: |
E04H 014/00; E04F
019/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A factory built fireplace having an appearance that is
substantially that of site built masonry while being substantially
lower in cost than traditional masonry fireplaces, the masonry
fireplace comprising: a firebox defining a cavity having a pair of
side areas, a rear area, and a base area, the cavity sized to
receive flammable material; a chimney system attached to an upper
opening of the firebox; a pair of side masonry panels, each side
masonry panel is configured to be removably attached to one of the
side areas; a rear masonry panel is configured to be removably
attached to the rear area; a base masonry panel includes a cover
and an opening, the cover is removably disposed over the opening,
the base masonry panel is configured to be removably attached to
the base area; a plurality of brick housings, at least one of the
brick housings configured to attach to each masonry panel; and a
plurality of firebricks, each firebrick is adapted to fit in at
least one brick housing, at least one firebrick has a groove
configured to engage with at least one brick housing, wherein each
brick housing is configured to engage mortar material.
2. The masonry fireplace of claim 1, wherein each of the brick
housings comprises an elongated holding member extending from a
wall of the housing, the holding member having an end configured to
fit within the groove of the brick to hold one of the bricks in
combination with the mortar material.
3. The masonry fireplace of claim 1, wherein each masonry panel
comprises a plurality of brick housings spaced apart defining
channels between the bricks, the channels having a generally
uniform width and are configured to receive mortar.
4. The masonry fireplace of claim 1, wherein the rear masonry panel
is sized to cover substantially the entire rear area, the base
masonry panel is sized to cover substantially the entire base area,
and the side masonry panel is sized to cover substantially the
entire side area.
5. A factory built masonry fireplace comprising: a firebox defining
a cavity, the cavity having a frame with at least one side area, a
rear area and a base area; a chimney system attached to the
firebox; at least one masonry panel removably attached to the at
least one side area, rear area and base area of the firebox cavity
frame; and at least one firebrick housing removably attached to the
at least one masonry panel, the housing configured to receive and
hold a firebrick.
6. The masonry fireplace of claim 5, wherein the firebrick housing
is configured to engage an amount of mortar material.
7. The masonry fireplace of claim 5, wherein the at least one
firebrick housing is a plurality of housings disposed on the at
least one masonry panel in a running bond pattern.
8. The masonry fireplace of claim 7, wherein the plurality of
housings are arranged so as to define a gap between each housing,
the gap configured to receive mortar material.
9. The masonry fireplace of claim 5, wherein the at least one
firebrick housing is a plurality of housings disposed on the at
least one masonry panel in a herringbone pattern.
10. The masonry fireplace of claim 9, wherein the plurality of
housings are arranged so as to define a gap between each housing,
the gap configured to receive mortar material.
11. The masonry fireplace of claim 5, wherein the masonry panel is
disposed on the base area of the firebox and defines a base opening
at a location proximal to a front opening of the fireplace and a
cover removably disposed over the base opening.
12. The masonry fireplace of claim 5, wherein the at least one
firebrick housing comprises at least one holding member.
13. The masonry fireplace of claim 12, wherein the at least one
holding member is configured to hold the firebrick in combination
with mortar material.
14. The masonry fireplace of claim 12, wherein the at least one
holding member is a tab that extends from a wall of the housing,
the tab configured to engage with the brick.
15. The masonry fireplace of claim 14, wherein the tab is connected
to the wall of the housing and has longitudinal edge, at least a
portion of the edge has a thickness less than the width of a groove
of the firebrick.
16. The masonry fireplace of claim 14, wherein the housing is
formed of metal, and the tab has a generally flat body between the
wall of the housing and the longitudinal edge.
17. A method for building a factory built masonry fireplace
comprising: providing a firebox defining a cavity having a frame
with at least one side area, a rear area and a base area; attaching
a chimney system to the firebox; installing at least one masonry
panel on the at least one side area, rear area and base area of the
firebox cavity frame, the at least one masonry panel having a
plurality of firebrick housings disposed thereon; and disposing a
firebrick into each of the plurality of firebrick housings.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the firebrick is pre-cut and
configured to fit in at least one of the plurality of firebrick
housings.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising disposing mortar
material between the firebrick housings.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the mortar material comprises
high-temperature cement.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the masonry panel disposed over
the base of the firebox defines an opening disposed proximal to the
front of the fireplace, the panel having a cover removably disposed
over the opening, wherein an ash dump is removably disposed in the
opening, the opening located proximal to the front of the
fireplace.
22. A method of producing a fireplace, comprising: installing a
masonry panel for a wall of a fireplace, the masonry panel having a
plurality of brick housings, the housings having at least one
holding member and configured to grip firebricks; disposing bricks
in the brick housings; and disposing bonding mixture between the
brick housings.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the holding member is a
tab.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the plurality of brick housings
are configured so that a plurality channels are formed between the
bricks when the bricks are received by the brick housings.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising disposing bonding
mixture in the plurality of channels.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the bonding mixture is high
temperature cement.
27. The method of claim 22, further comprising: installing a
masonry panel that defines an opening; providing a cover to open
and close the opening; and providing a removable container below
the opening in the masonry panel for receiving ash from within the
fireplace.
28. A masonry structure comprising: a masonry panel; and a
plurality of brick housings, at least one of the brick housings
having a base and a wall and a holding member extending from the
wall, the holding member configured to engage with a brick.
29. The masonry structure of claim 28, wherein the base is attached
to the masonry panel by at least one fastener.
30. The masonry structure of claim 28, wherein the brick housing
comprises a second wall having a holding member, the first and
second walls have an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner
surfaces define a portion of a cavity sized to receive a brick,
wherein each holding member is a tab extending into the cavity.
31. The masonry structure of claim 30, wherein the first and second
walls are generally parallel.
32. The masonry structure of claim 29, wherein the masonry panel
forms a portion of a storage box.
33. The masonry structure of claim 28, wherein the holding member
is a flange adapted to generally prevent the brick from being
pulled out of at least one of the brick housings when the brick is
disposed in that brick housing.
34. A kit for preparing a factory built masonry fireplace,
comprising: a firebox defining a cavity having a frame with at
least one side area, a rear area and a base area; a chimney system
configured to attach to the firebox; a plurality of masonry panels
configured to fit the at least one sidewall, rear wall and base of
the firebox, the panels having a plurality of firebrick housings
disposed thereon; and a plurality of firebricks, each brick
configured to be disposed in a firebrick housing.
35. The kit of claim 34, further comprises high temperature cement.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application relates to and claims the benefit of the
provisional application 60/452,478, filed Mar. 5, 2003, which is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention is directed to masonry, and in
particular to factory built masonry.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Masonry structures have are well known in the art and have
existed for many years. Many traditionally site built masonry
structures (e.g., fireplaces, countertops, brick walls, and the
like) may have to be constructed by a mason and thus can be
expensive. Traditional site built masonry structures can also
require significant installation time. For example, site built
masonry fireplaces commonly found in residential structures and can
be expensive and require substantial installation time.
[0006] Over the years, factory built fireplaces have grown in
popularity due to the increased cost of site constructed masonry
structures. Additionally, building code restrictions in some
localities limit or altogether prohibit the use of masonry
chimneys, making the use of factory built fireplaces desirable in
these localities. Moreover, factory built fireplaces are capable of
being installed in multi-level buildings, where construction of
traditional masonry units is not feasible.
[0007] Even where the construction of masonry fireplaces is
feasible, construction usually requires a significant amount of
time and costs, significantly more than a factory-built fireplace.
Additionally, installation of traditional masonry fireplaces
generally requires the services of a licensed mason or other
construction professional, adding to the cost of construction.
[0008] Throughout the development of the factory-built fireplace
industry, designers have sought to design fireplaces to resemble
traditional masonry built fireplaces. For example, recent designs
of factory-built fireplaces have incorporated refractory panels to
better resemble a masonry fireplace. However, such refractory
panels, and other similar designs, have been incapable of achieving
the desired masonry look. In another example, bricks have been
added to the firebox area of a fireplace in an attempt to create a
masonry look. However, such construction design has proved
structurally unstable, often falling and breaking, and thus unable
to provide adequate retention of bricks. Additionally, such designs
have provided poor alignment of bricks and have not been capable of
providing multiple brick pattern arrangements.
[0009] The desire for factory-built fireplaces that resemble
masonry fireplaces is particularly strong among owners and builders
of high-end homes, who prefer the traditional look of masonry
fireplaces. However, as noted above, some localities restrict or
prohibit the use of masonry fireplaces due to, for example, the
risk of seismic activity in the locality. Thus, there is a need for
factory built masonry structures that resemble site built
masonry.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention disclosed
herein, panels can comprise a backing and a plurality of walls
attached to the backing. The walls can have holding members
configured to hold a body, such as a brick or tile. The holding
members of the walls cooperate to receive and hold firebricks. The
holding members can be tabs that extend from the walls of the
panels. The walls having the holding members can be generally
perpendicular to the panels. The panels can be prefabricated panels
used to build traditionally site built masonry structures. The site
built masonry structures can be, e.g., fireplaces, countertops,
brick walls, or hearths.
[0011] In accordance with one embodiment of the invention disclosed
herein, a factory-built fireplace is designed to look like a
traditional masonry fireplace. The fireplace comprises a firebox
having an inner cavity and a chimney system. The cavity preferably
comprises a frame comprising rails or panels that define the
periphery of the cavity. The frame defines side areas, a rear area,
a base area and a top opening in the firebox, wherein the opening
is preferably connected to the chimney system. In addition, the
fireplace includes masonry panels configured to be installed on the
side areas, rear area and base area of the cavity frame.
[0012] The masonry panels are preferably made of a metallic
material, such as steel. However, the panels can be made of any
material providing the necessary structural, thermal, and other
characteristics required in fireplace construction. Also, the
panels are preferably sized to cover substantially the entire side,
rear and base areas of the cavity frame. Additionally, the panels
preferably have a thickness capable of providing adequate
structural support to the masonry material installed thereon.
[0013] The panel disposed over the base of the firebox cavity
optionally defines an opening therethrough. The opening is
preferably disposed near a front edge of the base of the firebox,
wherein the front edge of the base is near the front end of the
firebox. Additionally, a removable cover can optionally be disposed
over the opening. The opening is preferably sized to receive a
removable ash dump, which is capable of receiving ashes produced
during the burning of logs or other material in the fireplace. The
ash dump is preferably configured to be easily removed from the
opening and to be easily emptied. The cover and the ash dump are
preferably configured to be removed and replaced without the use of
any tools.
[0014] The fireplace also includes a plurality of firebrick
housings configured to be installed on the masonry panels. For
example, the housings can be bolted, screwed, riveted, or welded to
the panels. The firebrick housings can optionally be attached to
the panels so that they are arranged in a running bond, a
herringbone pattern, or other decorative pattern. The housings are
preferably disposed such that a gap is between adjacent housings.
Optionally, the housings can be disposed so that there is no gap
between adjacent housings.
[0015] The firebrick housings are preferably sized to receive a
firebrick thereon. However, the housings can optionally be
configured to receive any material suitable for use in a fireplace
or other high-temperature environment. Additionally, the housings
preferably comprise at least one holding member configured to
adequately hold a firebrick in the housing. In one embodiment, for
example, the holding member is a structure that extends from the
wall of the housing. The extending structure is advantageously
configured to engage with at least one groove in the firebrick. In
another example, the holding member is a plurality of protuberances
extending outward from the surface of the housing, configured to
receive mortar around the protuberances, and to adhere to a
firebrick disposed thereon. In still another example, the housing
can be configured to receive and hold a firebrick without the use
of mortar or other adhering material. Additionally, mortar is
preferably introduced into the gaps disposed between the housings
to achieve the look of a traditional masonry fireplace.
[0016] The firebricks of the masonry panels are configured to be
coupled to the panels. Preferably, the panels have firebrick
housings configured to receive and hold firebricks. A portion of
the firebrick is preferably of similar shape as a portion of the
housing. For example, both the firebrick and housing can be
generally rectangular. In one embodiment, the firebrick comprises
the pair of sides, each side having a channel or groove that is
configured to receive a portion of the holding member. The channel
or groove can have a generally U-shaped or similar cross-section.
The groove can extend along a portion of the firebrick. In another
embodiment, the groove extends from one side of the firebrick to an
opposing side of the firebrick. The masonry panel can comprise
bricks having grooves and some bricks without grooves.
[0017] In accordance with another embodiment, factory-built masonry
structures are able to be constructed at significantly less cost
than traditional masonry structures. The masonry panels are
preferably constructed such that the costly layout of the brick
pattern is eliminated. Additionally, individual brick housings are
preferably incorporated into the panel to advantageously allow fast
and accurate construction. For example, the panels can be
constructed having the firebrick housings pre-arranged in a
specific pattern, such as running bond or herringbone. Moreover,
the firebricks supplied with the fireplace are preferably pre-cut
and identified as corresponding to a particular housing,
advantageously reducing the time, and thus the cost, of
construction. For example, the fireplace can be constructed by an
individual who may not normally have expert masonry skills, again
reducing the construction costs. For example, the fireplace can be
constructed by a certified fireplace installer or a homeowner.
Accordingly, a factory-built masonry fireplace can be constructed
to resemble a traditional masonry fireplace at less than 20% of the
cost and significant savings in installation time.
[0018] In accordance with another embodiment, the necessary
materials for constructing a factory-built masonry fireplace are
provided in a kit. The kit preferably comprises a firebox defining
a cavity with a frame, the frame having side areas, a rear area, a
base area, and a top opening. The kit also comprises a chimney
system, wherein the chimney system connects to the top opening of
the cavity frame. The kit also comprises a plurality of masonry
panels preferably configured to be removably attached to the side
areas, rear area and base area of the cavity frame. A plurality of
firebrick housings is preferably attached to the masonry panels.
Additionally, a plurality of preferably pre-cut firebricks is
provided, wherein the firebricks preferably correspond to the
plurality of housings. The kit also comprises an amount of
high-temperature cement.
[0019] The kit enables the user to easily install the plurality of
firebrick housings onto the masonry panels and arrange the housings
in a desired pattern, such as running bond or herringbone.
Alternatively, the housings can be pre-installed and arranged at a
factory prior to delivery of the kit to the user. The user then
installs the masonry panels on the side areas, rear area, and base
area of the cavity frame. Optionally, the masonry panels and the
cavity frame are assembled and pre-installed at the factory. The
user can mix the high-temperature cement to prepare mortar
material. The user can place the bricks into the housings of the
panel, where the firebrick preferably corresponds to the housing.
The user can repeat this process with the remaining firebrick
housings. Once the user has installed the plurality of firebricks
in the plurality of housings, the user can apply mortar material
into any gaps between any adjacent firebricks to grout the
firebrick assembly. The user can then allow the masonry fireplace
cure for a desired amount of time before use. Once the masonry
fireplace is properly cured, the user can optionally install a
facade around the fireplace, as desired. The facade can be formed
of masonry panels having housing configured to receive and hold
firebricks. Firebricks can be coupled to the masonry panels to
achieve a site built masonry appearance.
[0020] Other objects, advantages, and features of embodiments of
the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled
in this art from the ensuing detailed description of preferred
embodiments thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1A is an elevated frontal view of a factory-built
fireplace having masonry panels installed therein.
[0022] FIG. 1B is a side view of the fireplace of FIG. 1A.
[0023] FIG. 2A is an exploded view of the fireplace illustrated in
FIG. 1A illustrating the masonry panels installed on the rear wall,
sidewalls and base of the fireplace cavity.
[0024] FIG. 2B is a top view of a masonry panel for the base of the
fireplace having a herringbone pattern.
[0025] FIG. 3A is a top view of a masonry panel for the base of the
fireplace, illustrating the firebrick housings thereon.
[0026] FIG. 3B is a perspective view of a masonry panel for the
fireplace.
[0027] FIG. 4 is a top view of a firebrick housing configured to
receive a firebrick.
[0028] FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the firebrick housing of FIG.
4 along line 5-5.
[0029] FIG. 6A is a top view of a firebrick housing in accordance
with another embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 6B is a side view of the firebrick housing of FIG.
6A.
[0031] FIG. 7 is a top view of a firebrick housing in accordance
with another embodiment.
[0032] FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the firebrick housing of FIG.
7 along line 8-8.
[0033] FIG. 9A is a top view of a firebrick housing in accordance
with another embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 9B is a side view of the firebrick housing of FIG.
9A.
[0035] FIG. 10A is a top view of a firebrick housing having
protuberances.
[0036] FIG. 10B is a side view of the firebrick housing of FIG.
10A.
[0037] FIG. 11A is a perspective view of a firebrick housing.
[0038] FIG. 11B is a perspective view of a firebrick configured to
fit in the housing of FIG. 11A.
[0039] FIG. 12A is a perspective view of a firebrick housing.
[0040] FIG. 12B is a perspective view of a firebrick configured to
fit in the housing of FIG. 12A.
[0041] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a firebrick having a pair
of grooves.
[0042] FIG. 14 is a side view of the firebrick of FIG. 13.
[0043] FIG. 15 is an exploded sectional view of a masonry panel for
the base of the fireplace illustrating an ash dump.
[0044] FIG. 16 is an elevated frontal view of a factory-built
fireplace having masonry panels in accordance with another
embodiment.
[0045] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a masonry storage box.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0046] With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a factory-built masonry
fireplace 100 is illustrated therein. The fireplace 100 generally
comprises a firebox 10 having a front end 12 and a rear end 14. The
firebox 10 defines a cavity 30 and panels 40b, 50b, 60b are
preferably disposed in the cavity 30. In the illustrated
embodiment, the fireplace 100 has a chimney outlet 20, which is
part of a chimney system (not shown). However, the fireplace 100
can be vent free, thus not requiring a chimney system. The
fireplace 100 can be adapted to burn various types of materials.
For example, the fireplace 100 can be a wood and/or gas burning
fireplace.
[0047] FIG. 2A illustrates the fireplace 100 of FIG. 1A with the
panels 40b, 50b, 60b removed. The cavity 30 has a frame (not shown)
with a rear area 40a, side areas 50a and a base area 60a. The frame
can comprise at least one rail that defines the periphery of the
cavity 30. The frame can optionally comprise a plurality of panels,
such as a rear wall 40a, sidewalls 50a and a base 60a. Optionally,
the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can comprise the frame areas 40a, 50a,
60a.
[0048] The panels 40b, 50b, 60b are preferably removably attached
to the rear area 40a, side areas 50a, and base area 60a,
respectively. For example, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can be riveted,
bolted, screwed, welded, or connected with other connectors or
fasteners to the cavity frame areas 40a, 50a, 60a. In the
illustrated embodiment, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b are in the form of
masonry panels configured to receive a body, such as a
firebrick.
[0049] The panels 40b, 50b, 60b are preferably made of metal. For
example, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can be made of steel. Optionally,
the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can be made of a sheet metal commonly used
in the fireplace industry. However, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can
optionally be made of any material providing the necessary
structural, thermal, and other characteristics required in
fireplace construction.
[0050] The panels 40b, 50b, 60b are preferably sized to cover
substantially the entire frame areas 40a, 50a, 60a, respectively.
Additionally, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b are preferably configured to
provide adequate structural support to masonry material disposed
thereon. For example, the panels 40b, 50b, 60b can have a thickness
capable of providing said structural support.
[0051] According to the illustrated embodiment, the panels 40b,
50b, 60b comprise a running bond pattern. However, the panels 40b,
50b, 60b can comprise other patterns, such as a herringbone
pattern, as illustrated in FIG. 2B.
[0052] FIG. 3A illustrates a panel 60b in the form of a masonry
panel for the base of the fireplace 100. The panel 60b is
configured to receive and hold a plurality of firebricks. According
to the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of templates or
firebrick housings 70 is preferably removably attached to the panel
60b. It should be understood that the firebrick housings 70 can be
similarly arranged on the panels 40b, 50b disposed on the rear area
40a and side areas 50a of the firebox cavity 30.
[0053] In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of housings 70
are aligned in a running bond pattern. However, the housings 70 may
be arranged in other patterns, such as a herringbone pattern.
Additionally, according to the illustrated embodiment, the housings
70 are preferably aligned in a row with no gap between the ends of
the housings 70. Also, the housings 70 are disposed such that there
is a gap between the rows of housings 70. Optionally, the housings
70 can be arranged so that there is a gap between the housings 70
forming a row. Also, the housings 70 can optionally be arranged so
there is no gap between the rows of housings 70.
[0054] The housings 70 are preferably attached to the masonry
panels 40b, 50b, 60b with readily available connectors and
fasteners (not shown), such as bolts, screws, rivets or welds.
[0055] FIG. 3B illustrates a panel 60b for the base of the
fireplace 100. The panel 60b is configured to receive and hold at
least one brick. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of
firebrick housings 70 are attached to the panel 60b and are aligned
in a herringbone pattern. There can be gaps 102 between the sides
or the ends of the housings 70. Optionally, in some embodiments,
there may be no gaps between the housings 70. Although not
illustrated, the panel 60b and the housings 70 can be integrally
formed.
[0056] At the periphery of the panel 60b are edges 104, each edge
having a plurality of openings or holes 106 that are used to couple
the masonry panel 60b to the fireplace 100. According to the
illustrated embodiment, the edges 104 comprise a flat body having
openings 106 configured to receive a screw, fastener, or other
suitable device for attaching the panel 60b to the fireplace 100.
Thus, to install the masonry panel 60b, the panel 60b can be placed
in the desired location in the fireplace 100 and fasteners can be
passed through the openings 106 to secure the panel 60b to the
fireplace.
[0057] The housings 70 are preferably attached to the masonry panel
60b by passing fasteners through at least one opening or hole 108
in each of the housings 70. In the illustrated embodiment, the
housings 70 are attached to a backing of the panel 60b and the
backing of the panel 60b can be sheet metal or other suitable
structure for holding the housings 70 which in turn hold
firebricks. In one embodiment, each of the housings 70 has a
plurality of holes 108 to ensure that the housings remain attached
to masonry panel 60b when bricks are disposed and held within the
housings 70. Although not illustrated in FIG. 3B, firebricks can be
installed in the housings 70 as discussed below.
[0058] The panel 60b in the illustrated embodiment is generally
flat. However, the panel 60b can have other shapes. For example,
the panel 60b can preferably comprise at least one flat portion and
at least one curved portion. In one embodiment, at least a
substantial portion of the panel 60b is curved. Those skilled in
the art recognize that there are various shapes and configurations
to achieve a desired appearance of masonry panel.
[0059] FIG. 4 is a top view of the firebrick housing 70. The
housing 70 is adapted to be attached to a structure and hold a
body. The housing 70 can have at least one sidewall 110 and a base
112. The sidewall 110 and base 112 may cooperate to define a cavity
114, which is preferably configured and sized to receive a
firebrick. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 70 comprises
a pair of sidewalls 110. In another embodiment not illustrated, the
housing 70 comprises one sidewall 110 and the base 112 forming a
generally L-shape bracket.
[0060] Each sidewall 110 has an inner surface 116 and a holding
member 78a. The inner surface 116 defines a portion of the cavity
114. The sidewall 110 has at least one holding member 78a that is
configured to engage with a firebrick to hold at least a portion of
a firebrick within the housing 70. The holding member 78a has a
longitudinal surface or edge 79 that can engage with the firebrick.
However, the holding member 78a can have any shape that can engage
with the firebricks. Optionally, the sidewall 110 can have a
plurality of holding members 78a, as illustrated in FIG. 4. The
holding member 78a can extend from at least one side of the wall
110. In one embodiment, for example, the housing 70 has a pair of
sidewalls 110, each sidewall 110 has a pair of holding members 78a.
The holding members 78a extend from the inner surface 116 and into
the cavity 114. Thus, a plurality of holding members 78a extend
from the walls 110 for engaging the firebrick. The holding members
78a can be disposed at various locations along the sidewall 110 to
ensure that the firebrick is securely held in the housing 70.
[0061] The base 112 has several holes 108 that can be used to
attach the housing 70 to the panel, such as masonry panel 60b.
However, the base 112 can optionally be welded or attached to the
panel 60b in any other suitable manner so that the housing 70 can
hold a firebrick. In the illustrated embodiment, the base 112 has a
generally rectangular shape and is attached to the pair of
sidewalls 110. The base 112 has a pair of opposing side edges that
are attached to the bottom edge of the sidewalls 110 and defines
the bottom of the cavity 114.
[0062] The cavity 114 is preferably similar in shape to at least a
portion the firebrick which is pre-cut to be received in the cavity
114. In the illustrated embodiment, the cavity 114 is generally
rectangular and configured to receive a similarly shaped firebrick.
However, the cavity 114 can be any other suitable shape and size
for receiving a firebrick.
[0063] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the housing 70 shown in
FIG. 4 along line 5-5. A portion of the firebrick 120 (shown in
phantom) is shown disposed within the cavity 114. The holding
members 78a are located on either side of the firebrick 120 and
engage with grooves 122 in the firebrick 120.
[0064] The firebrick 120 is preferably configured to engage with at
least one of the holding members 78a to ensure that the firebrick
120 remains in the panel 60b. In one embodiment, the firebrick 120
has at least one groove 122 along a side 124 of the firebrick 120.
The groove 122 is sized for receiving the end portion 125 of the
holding member 78a to limit the movement of the firebrick 120.
Preferably, at least a portion of the edge 79 is disposed within
the groove 122. Optionally, the firebrick 120 can comprise a pair
of sides 124 and a plurality of grooves 122. The firebrick 120 can
have the groove 122 along one side 124 and another groove 122 along
another side 124. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the
firebrick 120 is generally rectangular and has a pair of sides 124
that are generally parallel and rectangular, each side 124 having
the groove 122.
[0065] The holding member 78a in the form of a flange or tab can
extend from the wall 110 and engage with the firebrick 120. The
holding member 78a has one side connected to the wall 110 and
another side having the end 125. As shown in FIGS. 3B and 5, an
opening 126 is defined by the holding member 78a and the wall 110.
The holding member 78a can have a generally curved cross-section,
straight cross-section, or any other suitable shape to hold the
firebrick in the housing 70. In the illustrated embodiment, the
holding member 78a has a cross-section that has a curved portion
and straight end portion. The member 78a can have a generally
uniform thickness. Those skilled in the art recognize that the
member 78a can have a non-uniform thickness. The member 78a, for
example, can have a thickness that is reduced towards the end
125.
[0066] The holding member 78a has the end 125 that is configured
and sized to fit in a portion of the firebrick 120 to thereby hold
the firebrick 120. In the illustrated embodiment, the end 125 of
the holding member 78a is preferably configured to fit within the
groove 122 of the firebrick 120. However, the end 125 may be
configured to fit within a hole or other structure in the firebrick
120 for holding the firebrick.
[0067] The grooves 122 and the holding members 78a can be arranged
so that the bottom of the firebrick 120 engages with the base 112.
The base 112 can inhibit the movement of the firebrick 120.
However, the grooves 122 and the holding members 78a can be
arranged so that the bottom of the firebrick 120 and the base 112
are spaced apart so that a cement mixture can be received in the
gap between the firebrick 120 and the base 112. Further, the
firebrick 120 and base 112 can be spaced apart so that at least one
of the holding members 78b, 78c (described below) are disposed
between the firebrick and the base.
[0068] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B illustrate the firebrick housing. The
housing 70 preferably has at least one sidewall 110 having a
plurality of holding members 78a, where at least one holding member
78a is located on either side of the wall 110.
[0069] In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 70 comprises the
pair of walls 110. A first holding member 78a is disposed on one
side of the wall 110 and a second holding member 78a is disposed on
the other side of the wall 110. The walls 110 are spaced apart and
configured to receive the firebrick 120 within the cavity 114 and
engage with at least one firebrick 120a, which is exterior the
housing 70. In other words, the wall 110 engages with the
firebricks located on either side of the wall 110. As in the
illustrated embodiment, each sidewall 110 has a pair of holding
member 78a, each holding member 78a engages the groove of the
firebrick. Although not illustrated, the wall 110 can have a
plurality of holding members 78a located on one side of the wall
110 and a plurality of holding member 78a located on the other side
of the wall 110.
[0070] Gaps 102 can be formed between adjacent firebricks 120 as
shown in FIG. 6B. Cement mixture can be disposed in the gaps 102 to
further ensure that the firebricks 120 remain in the masonry panel
60b. Optionally, the cement mixture can be placed within voids
between the firebricks 120, 120a and the housing 70 to ensure that
the firebricks remain securely attached to a masonry panel 60b.
Thus, the holding member 78a in combination with a cement mixture
ensure that the firebricks 120, 120a remain securely coupled to the
firebrick housings 70. The housing 70 can comprise a variety of
different holding members. For example, the housing 70 can have at
least two of the holding members that in combination hold the
firebrick 120.
[0071] FIG. 7 illustrates a firebrick housing 70 that is generally
similar to the housing 70 of FIG. 6. The firebrick housing 70 has a
plurality of holding members 78a extending into the cavity 114
configured to engage a firebrick. The housing 70 can have a lip or
flange 113 at its upper and lower ends for engaging the ends of the
firebrick. The flanges 113 can inhibit movement of the firebrick
which is captured by the housing 70. Thus, the holding members 78a
and flanges 113 cooperate to ensure that the firebrick remains
securely held in the housing 70. In the illustrated embodiment, the
holding members 78a prevent the firebrick from being moved away
from the base 112 and the flange 113 prevents the firebirck from
sliding along the longitudinal axis of the housing 70. Although not
illustrated, there are other suitable structures that can prevent
undesirable movement of the firebrick disposed within the housing
70.
[0072] With respect to FIG. 8, the holding members 78a are located
on each side of the firebrick, shown in phantom. In the illustrated
embodiment, the holding member 78a is in a form of flange or tab.
The tab 78a is generally straight and extends at an angle from the
wall 110. The end 125 of the tab 78a is preferably adapted to
engage with grooves 122 to hold the firebrick. When the brick 120
is held by the housing 70, flexible walls 110 of the housing 70 can
contact and tightly grip the sides 124 of the brick 120. Further,
the bottom of the brick 120 preferably contact the upper surface of
the base 112 to reduce movement of the brick 120 relative to the
housing 70.
[0073] FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B illustrate a firebrick housing. The
housing 70 preferably comprises at least one sidewall 72 and a base
74 defining a cavity 76. In one embodiment, the housing 70 has at
least two sidewalls 72 extending from the base 74 and defining the
cavity 76, which is generally rectangular in shape and is
preferably configured to receive a firebrick. However, the housing
70 is not limited to having at least two sidewalls 72. In another
embodiment, the housing 70 comprises a single sidewall 72. The
sidewall 72 can be formed of metal or other suitable material for
holding firebricks.
[0074] The cavity 76 is preferably configured to receive a pre-cut
firebrick. However, the cavity 76 can optionally be configured to
receive a brick that is not pre-cut. In another option, the cavity
76 can be configured to receive any material suitable for use in a
fireplace or other high-temperature environment. In the illustrated
embodiment, the base 74 of the housing 70 has a generally
rectangular shape. However, the base 74 is not limited to a
rectangular shape and can comprise other shapes configured to
receive a firebrick of generally similar shape.
[0075] In the illustrated embodiment, a holding member 78b is
preferably disposed on the base 74 of the firebrick housing 70. The
holding member 78b can optionally be removably attached to the base
74 of the housing 70 using any number of connectors or fasteners,
such as screws or rivets. In another option, the holding member 78b
can be welded to the base 74 of the housing 70.
[0076] The holding member 78b is preferably configured to hold a
firebrick in the housing 70 in combination with mortar material. In
the illustrated embodiment, the holding member 78b is a wire mesh.
However, the holding member 78b can comprise any structure capable
of holding a firebrick on the housing 70. For example, the holding
member can comprise a plurality of protuberances 78c, as
illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. In another example, the at least
one sidewall 72 can comprise the holding member.
[0077] With continued reference to FIG. 9B, a fastener in the form
of a rivot or bolt 75 passes through the base 74 and can connect
the housing 70 to the panel 60b. A head of the bolt 75 is located
between the wire mesh 78b and the base 74. However, the bolt 75 can
be located in any suitable position for coupling the housing 70 to
the base 74. Optionally, a plurality of fasteners 75 can be used to
attach the housing 70 to the panel 60b.
[0078] FIG. 11A illustrates a firebrick housing 71 having the
sidewall 110 around a portion of its periphery. The housing 71 has
the pair of holes 108 for coupling the housing to the masonry panel
60b.
[0079] The side wall 110 comprises a pair of generally flat bodies
at an angle to each other. The walls 110 are configured to engage
with a portion of a firebrick. The walls 110 can inhibit movement
of the firebrick 120 disposed within the housing 71. Although not
illustrated, housing 71 can comprise a holding member to ensure
that the firebrick remains attached to the masonry panel 60b.
[0080] FIG. 11B illustrates a firebrick configured to engage with
the housing 71 of FIG. 11A. The firebrick 123 is sized and shaped
so that a portion of the firebrick 123 fits within the cavity 114
of the housing 71. In the illustrated embodiment, the firebrick 123
has a pair of sides 125 that can contact the sides 110 of the
housing 71 to inhibit movement of the firebrick 123.
[0081] FIG. 12A illustrates another embodiment of a firebrick
housing. The housing 73 has a sidewall 110 around a portion of its
periphery. The base 112 of the housing 73 is generally triangular
and configured to hold a firebrick of generally similar shape. The
sidewalls 110 can engage with the outer surfaces 127 of the
firebrick 129 (shown in FIG. 12B) disposed within the housing 73 to
ensure proper alignment of the firebrick.
[0082] With reference to FIG. 3B, a variety of different shaped
housings can be used to form the panel 60b. For example, housings
70, 71, 73, in addition to other shaped housings, can be used to
form the herringbone pattern or other desired pattern. Some of the
housings can comprise a holding member to ensure that the
firebricks remain properly secured in the masonry panel 60b. The
housing 70 can comprise a variety of different holding members,
such as holding members 78a, 78b, 78c. It is contemplated that
those skilled in the art can determine the appropriate type and
sized of housing and holding members for a desired pattern of
firebricks, structural properties of the panel, and the like. A
further advantage is provided where the housings 70 have holes or
apertures so that the housings can be conveniently and quickly
coupled to masonry panels 60b either on site or in the factory.
[0083] FIG. 13 is perspective view of the firebrick 120 similar to
the firebrick of FIG. 5. As discussed above, the firebrick 120 is
configured to fit within the cavity 114 of the housing, such as
housing 70. A portion of the firebrick 120 is preferably of similar
shape as a portion of the housing 70.
[0084] In the illustrated embodiment, the firebrick 120 comprises
the pair of sides 124, each side 124 having the channel or groove
122. The groove 122 is generally U-shaped. However, the groove 122
is not limited to a U-shape and can comprise other shapes
configured to receive a portion of the holding member, such as
holding member 78a. In other embodiments for example, the groove
122 can be V-shaped.
[0085] The groove 122 can extend along a portion of the side 124 or
along the entire length of the side 124. The groove 122 can have a
longitudinal axis that is generally parallel to the upper surface
130 and the lower surface 132 of the firebrick 120. The groove 122,
of course, can be at different locations on the brick 120 depending
on the configuration of the housing that the brick is attached to.
Further, many of the bricks 120 disposed in the masonry panel 60b
may not have any groove 122. In other words, the panel 60b can
comprise bricks 120 having grooves 122 and some bricks 120 without
grooves.
[0086] The firebrick 120 can be coupled to the panel (e.g., the
panel 60b) by inserting the firebrick 120 into the cavity 114 of a
housing (e.g., the housing 70) so that the holding member 78a
contacts and presses against the firebrick 120 as the firebrick
passes through the cavity 114. The holding members 78a are pushed
away or towards the sidewalls 110 as the brick 120 is inserted into
the cavity 114. When the firebrick 120 reaches the desired
position, the ends 125 of the holding member 78a move into the
groove 122, preferably when the bottom of the firebrick is near the
base 112, resulting in the firebrick 120 being held by the housing.
Thus, the firebrick 120 can be quickly and conveniently installed
or assembled by pushing the firebrick into the cavity 114 and
against the base 112 and the members 78a snap into the grooves 122
thereby securing the brick in the fireplace 100. Thus, firebrick
can be held captive by the panel without the use or mortar or
cement. The firebrick can be attached to the fireplace 100, as
shown in FIG. 1A, without the use of cement.
[0087] Preferably, the firebrick 120 is held by the panel 60b so
that the firebrick 120 cannot be pulled off of the panel 60b. Thus,
the firebrick 120 can be permanently attached to the panel 60b
without the use of cement or mortar. Optionally, the firebricks can
be coupled to the housings by sliding the ends 125 of the holding
members 78a into the ends of grooves 122 of the brick. The ends 125
can then be slide along the groove 122 until the brick reaches the
desired position. A further advantage is provided where the
firebricks can be pre-cut and identified as corresponding to a
particular housing, advantageously reducing the time, and thus the
cost, of construction. In one embodiment, the brick has indicia or
markings that indicate a corresponding housing that is configured
to receive that brick.
[0088] Cement or mortar can be used to achieve a traditional site
built masonry appearance. For example, after bricks 120 are
attached to the panel 60b, cement can fill in the spaces between
the bricks 120 resulting in a masonry panel that has a traditional
masonry appearance. The cement can provide structural support to
further ensure that the bricks 120 remain attached to the panels
60b. Those skilled in the art recognize that there are various
methods of attaching bricks 120 the panels and applying cement to
achieve the desired appearance.
[0089] As illustrated in FIGS. 2B, 3A, and 15 by the dashed lines,
a cover 180 is preferably removably disposed on the base masonry
panel 60b proximal to an edge 62b, wherein upon installation of the
panel 60b in the fireplace 100, the edge 62b is proximal to the
front end 12 of the fireplace 100. The cover 180 is preferably
configured to be easily removed from the panel 60b without
requiring any specific tools for removal.
[0090] FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded sectional view of the base
masonry panel 60b. The cover 180 is removably disposed over an
opening 182 defined in the base panel 60b. In the illustrated
embodiment, the cover 180 has a several bricks, or portions of
bricks, that match the pattern of bricks formed by the panel 60b.
However, the cover 180 can have other surfaces and designs.
Optionally, the cover 180 can have a handle 183 attached to its
upper surface. The handle 183 can be used, for example, to move the
cover 180 to expose the opening 182.
[0091] The opening 182 is preferably disposed proximal to an edge
62b of the panel 60b, wherein the edge 62b is proximal to the front
end 12 of the fireplace 100 upon installation of the panel 60b.
Material, such as logs, for burning can be located between the
opening 182 and the masonry panel 40b. In the illustrated
embodiment, the cover 180 and opening 182 are rectangular in shape.
However, the cover 180 and opening 182 are not limited to this
shape and can comprise other shapes, such as a square.
[0092] An ash dump 184 is preferably removably disposed in the
opening 182 and configured to receive ashes produced by the burning
of logs (not shown) in the fireplace 100. The ash dump 184 is
preferably made of metal. Optionally, the ash dump 184 can be made
of other materials having the necessary fire resistant
characteristics required for use in a fireplace 100. Preferably,
the ash dump 184 is configured to be easily removed from the
opening 182. For example, the ash dump 184 can comprise handles
184a. In the illustrated embodiment, the generally rectangular ash
dump 184 comprises the pair of handles at its ends. The handles
184a can be sized and configured for convenient gripping. The ash
dump 184 has an opening 186 at its upper end so that ash can pass
through the opening 186 and into the ash dump 184. Those skilled in
the art recognize that the ash dump 184 can comprise any structure
configured to allow easy removal of the ash dump from the opening
182. However, the ash dump 184 is not limited to this shape and can
comprise a cross-section having other shapes, such as a square. The
ash dump 184 can be used in combination with panels as described
herein.
[0093] A further advantage is provided where ashes can be
conveniently removed from the cavity 30. Ashes are produced and
accumulate on the masonry panel 60b as material (e.g., a wood log)
burns in the fireplace 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the
cover 180 can be manually removed exposing the opening 182 and the
ash dump 184. Ash from the cavity 30 can be conveniently swept
through the opening 182 so that the ash falls through the opening
186 and into the ash dump 184. Thus, ash produced from the burning
of material can be removed from the cavity 30 and stored in the ash
dump 184. The cover 180 can be replaced to cover the opening 182
for an attractive brick pattern defined by the panel 60b and the
cover 180. These steps can be repeated to remove ashes within the
cavity 30 for an attractive, ash free, fireplace 100. In one
embodiment, the material, such as wood logs, for burning can be
located between the opening 182 and the masonry panel 40b so that
the cover 180 can be removed and ash can be dumped in the ash dump
184 while the wood logs conveniently remain in the cavity 30. The
ash dump 184 can preferably be removed from the fireplace 100 and
emptied while the wood logs remain in the cavity 30.
[0094] The ash within the ash dump 184 can be conveniently disposed
of by removing the cover 180 and exposing the ash dump 184. The ash
dump 184 can be pulled through the opening 182 and removed from the
fireplace 100, preferably without employing tools. The ash dump 184
can be transported to a garbage container (e.g., a trash can) and
the ash from the ash dump 184 can be transferred to the garbage
container. The empty ash dump 184 can be replaced in the fireplace
100 by passing the ash dump 184 through the opening 182. The cover
180 can be placed over the opening 182 and the ash dump 184,
thereby hiding the ash dump 184 underneath the cover 180 and the
panel 60b.
[0095] FIG. 16 illustrates another embodiment of a factory built
masonry fireplace 100. The fireplace 100 is in the form of a gas
fired fireplace that is vent free.
[0096] The fireplace 100 can have panels defining at least a
portion of its face or facade. In one embodiment, the fireplace 100
comprises at least one panel 200 that can be similar to the panels
described herein. The panel 200 can define a portion of the opening
of the cavity 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the fireplace 100
comprises an upper panel 200 and a lower panel 202. The upper panel
200 defines the upper portion of the rectangular opening of the
fireplace 100 and the lower panel 202 defines the lower portion of
the opening. Firebricks are advantageously coupled to the panels
200, 202 for site built masonry appearance. Optionally, the
fireplace 100 can have a panel 206 at its lower end. In the
illustrated embodiment, the panel 206 defines the hearth of the
fireplace 100. Although not illustrated, masonry panels that are
similar to the panels described herein can be used to form a mantel
or other portions of a fireplace.
[0097] In practice, the masonry fireplace 100 described above can
be constructed using a kit. The kit preferably comprises the
firebox 10, the chimney system (not shown), and the panels 40b,
50b, 60b, preferably preinstalled in the cavity 30 of the fireplace
100. The panels 40b, 50b, 60b preferably have a plurality of
firebrick housings (e.g., housing 70) pre-installed thereon. The
kit also comprises a plurality of firebricks, preferably pre-cut
and corresponding to the plurality of housings 70. The kit can also
have an amount of a preferably high-temperature cement mixture.
[0098] A user mixes the high-temperature cement mixture, applies it
to a firebrick housing 70 and disposes the corresponding firebrick
in the housing 70. For example, a user can apply the cement to a
housing 70 having a wire mesh 78b or a plurality of protuberances
78c such that the cement is disposed between openings in the wire
mesh 78b or around the protuberances 78c. Optionally, a user can
dispose a brick in a housing 70 configured to receive and hold a
firebrick without the application of high-temperature cement or
other mortar material. The user can then repeat this procedure with
the remaining housings 70 to construct the masonry fireplace. Once
the user has installed all the firebricks in the corresponding
housings, the user can apply the high-temperature cement material
to any gaps between adjacent firebricks to grout the gaps. The
methods of assembling the fireplace which are described herein are
not limited to the exact sequence of acts described, nor is it
necessarily limited to the practice of all of the acts set forth.
Other sequences of events or acts, or less than all of the events,
or simultaneous occurrence of the events, may be utilized in
practicing the disclosed embodiments. The panels can be used to
achieve site built masonry appearance of indoor and outdoor
structures. For example, the fireplace 100 can be can be outdoor
fireplace.
[0099] The holding members described herein can be used to couple
bricks to various types of structures. As illustrated in FIG. 17,
the brick panels can form a storage structure 210 in the form of a
wood storing box. The structure 210 can be self standing or
connected to another structure. For example, the panels can be
similar to the panel 60b and can form a wood storing box that has
an opening 212 for receiving at least a portion of wood logs. In
one embodiment, the walls of the box are formed from panels similar
to panels 60b. In the illustrated embodiment, side panels 216 and a
front panel 220 can form the vertical walls of the box 210. Panel
224 forms the bottom of a chamber 225 which is configured to
receive wood logs. An upper surface or ceiling 226 defines the
upper portion or the ceiling of the chamber 225 and the panel 228
forms the back of the chamber 225. In the illustrated embodiment,
the top 232 of the box 210 is formed of cement. However, the top
232 or any other portion of the box 210 can be formed of the panels
described herein. For example, in another embodiment, the entire
outer surface of the structure 210 is formed by the panels
configured to receive and hold bricks. Bricks can be placed into
the panels such that holding members and walls of the panels
cooperate to hold the bricks. Thus, the bricks illustrated in FIG.
17 can be installed with or without the use of cements. Cement, of
course, can be applied between the bricks to grout the panels to
achieve site built masonry appearance. The storage structure 210
can also be constructed from various types of metals and other
materials with suitable characteristics such as plastics, wood, or
composite materials. For example, the structure 210 can have a
portion made of wood and a portion made of metal. Preferably the
bricks are attached to a panel that is similar to panel 60b and
substantially made of metal. One of ordinary skill in the art can
determine the appropriate combination of material type, thickness,
and shape to achieve the desired structural characteristics.
[0100] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be used to form
fire pits, brick walls, brick counters, and other structures that
can be made of bricks. For example, disclosed embodiments can form
at least a portion of a countertop of an outdoor barbecue.
[0101] Although the inventions disclosed herein have been disclosed
in the context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it
will be understood by those skilled in the art that the inventions
disclosed herein extend beyond the specifically disclosed
embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the
inventions and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus,
it is intended that the scope of the inventions disclosed herein
should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments
described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of
the embodiments that follow.
* * * * *