U.S. patent application number 10/427219 was filed with the patent office on 2004-11-18 for application specific apparatus for dissipating heat from multiple electronic components.
Invention is credited to Fong, Arthur, Wong, Marvin Glenn.
Application Number | 20040226688 10/427219 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32176766 |
Filed Date | 2004-11-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040226688 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fong, Arthur ; et
al. |
November 18, 2004 |
Application specific apparatus for dissipating heat from multiple
electronic components
Abstract
An application specific heat sink assembly is presented wherein
a heat-dissipating substrate is selected of a particular size,
shape and material in order to meet predetermined heat-dissipating
requirements and more than one heat-dissipating stud is selected or
formed of particular sizes, shapes and materials in order to meet
predetermined requirements. The heat-dissipating substrate and
heat-dissipating studs form a heat sink assembly having application
specific features selected to optimize the heat-dissipating, CTE
matching, environmental resistance requirements, low mass
requirements, size, machinability, cost structure and other
desirable features of a particular application for dissipating heat
from multiple electronic components.
Inventors: |
Fong, Arthur; (Colorado
Springs, CO) ; Wong, Marvin Glenn; (Woodland Park,
CO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Legal Department, DL429
Intellectual Property Administration
P.O. Box 7599
Loveland
CO
80537-0599
US
|
Family ID: |
32176766 |
Appl. No.: |
10/427219 |
Filed: |
April 30, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/80.2 ;
165/185; 257/E23.105; 257/E23.109; 257/E23.11; 257/E23.113;
29/890.03 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L 2924/01322
20130101; H01L 23/3677 20130101; H01L 2924/12042 20130101; H01L
2224/48091 20130101; H01L 2224/45099 20130101; H01L 2924/01005
20130101; H01L 2224/73265 20130101; H01L 2924/01082 20130101; H01L
2924/01004 20130101; H01L 24/49 20130101; H01L 2924/01042 20130101;
H01L 2924/14 20130101; H01L 2924/01074 20130101; H01L 2924/01013
20130101; H01L 24/48 20130101; H01L 2224/2612 20130101; H01L
2924/01068 20130101; H01L 2224/05599 20130101; H01L 2224/85399
20130101; H01L 2924/01029 20130101; H01L 23/373 20130101; Y10T
29/4935 20150115; H01L 2924/01006 20130101; H01L 2924/01033
20130101; H01L 24/32 20130101; H01L 23/3736 20130101; H01L 23/3731
20130101; H01L 2924/00014 20130101; H01L 2224/49171 20130101; H01L
2224/48091 20130101; H01L 2924/00014 20130101; H01L 2924/3512
20130101; H01L 2924/00 20130101; H01L 2924/12042 20130101; H01L
2924/00 20130101; H01L 2224/85399 20130101; H01L 2924/00014
20130101; H01L 2224/05599 20130101; H01L 2924/00014 20130101; H01L
2924/00014 20130101; H01L 2224/45015 20130101; H01L 2924/207
20130101; H01L 2924/00014 20130101; H01L 2224/45099 20130101; H01L
2924/14 20130101; H01L 2924/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/080.2 ;
165/185; 029/890.03 |
International
Class: |
F28F 007/00; B21D
053/02; B21D 053/02; B21D 053/02 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An application specific heat sink device for dissipating heat
from more than one electronic component, the application specific
heat sink device comprising: a heat-dissipating substrate selected
for one or more of the following properties: size, shape, mass,
cost, thermal conductivity, environmental resistance; and more than
one heat-dissipating stud, wherein each heat-dissipating stud is
selected for its CTE and machinability properties, wherein each
heat-dissipating stud is attached to the heat-dissipating substrate
such that an electronic component may be attached to each
heat-dissipating stud.
2. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein the heat-dissipating substrate comprises Aluminum
Silicon Carbide.
3. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein the heat-dissipating substrate comprises a
carbon-metal alloy.
4. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein the heat-dissipating substrate comprises a
ceramic.
5. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein the heat-dissipating substrate includes fins.
6. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein each heat-dissipating stud comprises a material
with a CTE relatively close to the CTE of the electronic component
to be attached to it.
7. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein each heat-dissipating stud comprises a material
with a CTE relatively intermediate between the CTE of the
electronic component to be attached to it and the heat-dissipating
substrate.
8. The application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein each heat-dissipating stud comprises a metal, a
metal alloy or combinations thereof.
9. An application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein the heat-dissipating substrate comprises one or
more cavities on a first surface, wherein at least one
heat-dissipating stud is attached to the heat-dissipating substrate
within the one or more cavities on the first surface of the
heat-dissipating substrate, wherein the cavity provides an
alignment means.
10. An application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 1, wherein one or more of the each heat-dissipating studs is
formed by forming a layer of application specifically selected
material to a top surface of the heat-dissipating substrate and
then forming one or more of the heat-dissipating studs from the
application specifically selected material.
11. An application specific heat sink device in accordance with
claim 10, wherein one or more of the heat-dissipating studs is
formed by machining, laser cutting or chemical etching the one or
more heat-dissipating studs from the layer of application
specifically selected material.
12. A method for manufacturing an application specific heat sink
device, comprising: selecting a heat-dissipating substrate; forming
more than one heat-dissipating studs, wherein each heat-dissipating
stud is shaped and sized to mate with an electronic device to be
cooled; and attaching the more than one heat-dissipating studs to
predetermined locations on the heat-dissipating substrate.
13. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein the
heat-dissipating substrate comprises Aluminum Silicon Carbide.
14. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein each of the
more than one heat-dissipating studs comprises a material selected
to have a relatively close CTE with the electronic device to be
attached to it.
15. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein each of the
more than one heat-dissipating studs comprises a material selected
to have an intermediate CTE between the heat-dissipating substrate
and a device to be attached to it.
16. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein the
heat-dissipating substrate is selected for one or more of the
following qualities, thermal conductivity, environmental
resistance, low mass, inexpensive price, or bondability.
17. The method in accordance with claim 12, further comprising the
step of forming one or more cavities in a top surface of the
heat-dissipating substrate; wherein one or more of the two or more
heat-dissipating studs is attached within the one or more cavities
formed on the heat-dissipating substrate.
18. The method in accordance with claim 12, wherein the
heat-dissipating substrate includes fins.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Electronic components, such as integrated circuits or
printed circuit boards, are becoming more and more common in
various devices. For example, central processing units, interface,
graphics and memory circuits typically comprise several integrated
circuits. During normal operations, many electronic components,
such as integrated circuits, generate significant amounts of heat.
If the heat generated during the operation of these and other
devices is not removed, the electronic components or other devices
near them may overheat, resulting in damage to the components or
degradation of component performance.
[0002] In order to avoid such problems caused by over heating, heat
sinks or other heat-dissipating devices are often used with
electronic components to dissipate heat. One must balance the
heat-dissipating requirements of a heat sink with other factors.
Heat sinks may crack, damage or separate from the electronic
components they are attached to if the heat sink has a coefficient
of thermal expansion significantly different from the electronic
component. Also, many heat sink materials are relatively heavy. If
the electronic component the heat sink is attached to is subjected
to vibration or impact, the weight of the heat sink attached to the
electronic component may crack, damage or cause the heat sink to
separate from the electronic component to which it is attached.
[0003] Frequently, more than one electronic component on a printed
circuit board, multi-chip module or electronic system requires heat
dissipation. It would be advantageous for more than one component
to be able to utilize a single heat-dissipating device, in order to
optimize system cost, weight, size, and other features. However,
different die on a printed circuit assembly or within a multi-chip
module may have different coefficients of thermal expansion or heat
dissipating requirements. It would be advantageous to provide a
heat-dissipating device that is capable of accommodating various
different requirements to more than one device requiring
heat-dissipation.
[0004] Some materials provide good thermal conductivity, but are
difficult to shape, expensive, heavy or have other less desirable
features to a particular heat-dissipating situation.
[0005] Accordingly, there exists a need in the industry for the
ability to optimize heat dissipation, weight, cost, machinability
and other features of heat-dissipating devices and to provide a
single heat-dissipating device to more than one die or component in
an electronic assembly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An apparatus and method for optimizing heat dissipation, CTE
matching, weight, cost, machinability or other features of a heat
dissipation device.
[0007] The apparatus may comprise a application specific heat sink
device for dissipating heat from more than one electronic
component, the application specific heat sink device may have a
heat-dissipating substrate selected for one or more of its size,
shape, mass, cost, thermal conductivity, or environmental
resistance properties; and more than one heat-dissipating studs,
each selected for its CTE and machinability properties, such that
each heat-dissipating stud may be attached to the heat-dissipating
substrate such that an electronic component may be attached to each
of the heat-dissipating studs.
[0008] A method for manufacturing an application specific heat sink
device for dissipating heat from more than one electronic
component, which may include selecting or forming a
heat-dissipating substrate; forming more than one heat-dissipating
stud, such that each of the heat-dissipating studs may be shaped
and sized to mate with an electronic device to be cooled; and
attaching each of the heat-dissipating studs to the substrate. An
electronic device to be cooled may be attached to each
heat-dissipating stud.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] A more complete appreciation of this invention, and many of
the attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the
same becomes better understood by reference to the following
detailed description when considered in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols indicate the
same or similar components, wherein:
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a heat-dissipating
device in accordance with the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a heat-dissipating
device in accordance with the present invention;
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of a heat-dissipating
device in accordance with the present invention;
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a
heat-dissipating device in accordance with the first embodiment of
the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a
heat-dissipating device in accordance with the second embodiment of
the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a
heat-dissipating device in accordance with the third embodiment of
the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 7 illustrates a top plan view of an integrated circuit
device package according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
prior to encapsulation;
[0017] FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the integrated
circuit device of FIG. 7 taken along line 8-8;
[0018] FIG. 9 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a heat-dissipating
device for dissipating heat from more than one component in
accordance with the present invention;
[0019] FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a
heat-dissipating device in accordance with the fifth and sixth
embodiments of the present invention; and
[0020] FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of more than one
integrated circuits attached to a heat-dissipating device prior to
encapsulation in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] As shown in the drawings for purposes of illustration, the
present invention relates to techniques for providing a
heat-dissipating device in which the various features of the
device, e.g. thermal conductivity, precise tolerances, CTE matching
with the part to be cooled, environmental resistance, low mass,
good bondability, cost, machinability, etc., may be selectively
optimized. Optimizing various features of a heat sink device may be
accomplished with a heat sink of more than one material, creating
an application specific heat sink structure capable of meeting
different requirements in different locations more readily than a
monolithic heat sink structure.
[0022] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a heat
dissipation device according to a first embodiment of the present
invention. A heat dissipation substrate 110 is provided. The heat
dissipation substrate 110 may be selected from any known heat sink
material, alloy or combination thereof, such as Aluminum Silicon
Carbide, Copper, Aluminum, carbon/metal composite, ceramic or other
known heat sink material. By way of example only, AlSiC may be
selected for its heat conducting qualities and low weight. A
heat-dissipating stud 120 may be formed by stamping, machining,
etching or laser cutting from any known heat sink material, alloy
or combination thereof, such as copper, tungsten, molybdenum,
aluminum, copper/molybdenum/copper or other known heat sink
material.
[0023] Heat stud 120 may be selected in order to have a CTE
(coefficient of thermal expansion) that is relatively close to the
device (integrated circuit chip, integrated circuit package,
integrated circuit module, printed circuit board, etc.) to which it
is to be attached. As shown in the flow chart in FIG. 4, the heat
dissipation stud 120 may be attached to the surface 180 of the heat
dissipation substrate 110 at a predetermined location 130 by any
known means of attachment, such as brazing, soldering, adhesive
bonding, press fit, screws, rivets, welding, cold diffusion under
high pressure, diffusion bonding, or a thermally conductive
metallic adhesive. The heat-dissipating stud 120 is precisely
shaped by means of machining, stamping, etching or laser cutting
and attached to the heat dissipation substrate 110 at a
predetermined location 130.
[0024] As the application specific heat sink of the present
invention is versatile, various heat-dissipating substrates 110 of
various materials and sizes may be kept on hand. Various
heat-dissipating studs 120 of various materials and sizes may be
kept on hand. Thus, the manufacturer of the device to be cooled
(one exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-8) may select the
substrate 110 and stud 120 for a particular heat-dissipating
application by feature requirements, cost, low mass, good thermal
conductivity, precise tolerances, etc. In such a case, as shown in
FIG. 4, the manufacturer may select 410 the substrate 110, select
the stud 120 and select an appropriate attachment method 420 as
required by the particular application in order to optimize the
heat sink features to the application, while minimizing heat sink
costs. The device to be cooled may be attached to the stud 420. It
should be noted, that the stud 120 might be attached to the device
to be cooled before the stud 120 is attached to the substrate
110.
[0025] Alternatively, the manufacturer may keep various
heat-dissipating substrates 110 of varying materials and sizes on
hand or order from a supplier. Once the heat-dissipating substrate
110 is selected 410 for a particular application, a customized
heat-dissipating stud 120 may be fabricated to specific size,
thermal conductivity requirements, etc. After the stud 120 is
manufactured, it may be attached 420 by any attachment method
appropriate to the application. This embodiment may permit the
substrate 110 to be of a material, alloy, or composite that is not
readily machinable, but has other desirable heat sink features,
such as good thermal conductivity, inexpensive, low mass, etc,
while the stud 120 may provide other features, such as improved CTE
matching with the device to be cooled, more precise machinability
for sizing to match the device to be cooled, etc. The studs may
also be used to obtain relative CTE matching with each respective
die. It should be noted that precise CTE matching is not usually
required, it is sufficient to have relatively close CTE's, as
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,886,407, Polese et al., which is
hereby incorporated in this Specification by reference.
[0026] FIG. 2 shows a heat-dissipating device according to a second
embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, a heat-dissipating
substrate 210 is provided with an alignment cavity 230 for aligning
and attaching a heat-dissipating stud 220. The heat-dissipating
substrate 210 may be formed by any known method, such as, machining
or stamping. The cavity 230 may be formed in substrate 210 by
machining or coining/stamping. As shown in the flow chart of FIG.
5, once the substrate is selected 510, the stud 220 may be attached
520 in the alignment cavity 230 by means of brazing, soldering,
adhesive bonding, diffusion bonding, cold diffusion under high
pressure, a thermally conductive metallic adhesive or other known
attachment means. The device to be cooled (not shown) may be
attached 530 to the stud 220 by means of any standard die attach
method, including epoxy or eutectic die attach. This embodiment may
provide for more precise alignment of the stud 220 on the substrate
210.
[0027] FIG. 3 shows a heat-dissipating device according to a third
embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, a heat-dissipating
substrate 310 is provided of a predetermined size and material,
metal, alloy or composite for precise requirements of a particular
heat-dissipating application. As shown in FIG. 6, after the
substrate is selected 610, a layer 390 of a material selected to
form a heat-dissipating stud 320 is attached 620 by any known
attachment means, such as brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding,
diffusion bonding, vacuum hot pressing, etc. After the layer 390 is
attached, a stud 320 of a predetermined size for mating with the
device to be cooled is formed 630 by machining, laser cutting,
chemical etching, or other known process at a predetermined
location 330 on a top surface of layer 390. After the
heat-dissipating stud 320 is formed in layer 390, the device to be
cooled may be attached 640. The heat-dissipating stud is shaped to
fit the electronic device to be cooled.
[0028] An application of the above-described heat-dissipating
assembly elements in an integrated circuit device-cooling situation
will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The
integrated circuit device 741 comprises an electrical interconnect
support structure 742 made of one or more layers of relatively
inexpensive dielectric material such as polyamide or other polymer
dielectrics, or epoxy materials having a relatively high CTE. The
support structure 742 supports a heat-dissipating substrate 743
chosen for application specific qualities as described previously
with respect to substrates 110, 210, and 310 and FIGS. 1-8.
[0029] A heat-dissipating stud 745 rising from the upper surface
746 of the heat-dissipating substrate 743 supports a microchip or
die 744. The heat-dissipating stud 745 is manufactured separately
from the heat-dissipating substrate 743 and then attached to the
heat-dissipating substrate 743 by brazing, resistance welding,
ultrasonic welding, pressing, i.e., cold fusion under high
pressure, soldering, adhesive bonding, press fit, screws, rivets,
diffusion bonding, or with use of an adhesion layer 751 of
thermally conductive adhesive material or other thin adhesion
material of a thickness to be determined by thermal performance
requirements. A series of wire-bonds 747 connect contact points on
the die 744 to metalization 748 patterned onto the surface 749 or
within the body of support structure 742. The metalization connects
to a plurality of leads 750 extending outward from the integrated
circuit device 741. Heat-dissipating substrate 743 may be
sized/shaped such that it may form part of the encapsulation
structure, not shown.
[0030] It should be noted that in order to reduce heat-dissipating
expenses in integrated circuit devices, the heat-dissipating
substrate 743 may be selected from various generic materials, sizes
and shapes, selected for it heat-dissipating qualities, low mass,
environmental conditions resistance, price, etc. In order to
distribute and reduce the mechanical stress at the junction of the
various components of the device, the materials used for the
support structure 742 are selected to have intermediate CTE's
between the heat-dissipating substrate 743 and the metalization
748. The heat-dissipating stud 745 is selected from various
materials to provide an intermediate CTE between the
heat-dissipating substrate 743 and the integrated circuit die 744,
along with other desired application specific features such as
customizing of CTE matching to die, sizing, environment resistance,
price, mass, etc.
[0031] The present invention may permit an end user to precisely
select various features of a heat sink device to a particular
application. The main body of the heat sink, or the substrate, may
be of a generic size, shape and material to optimize selected
features of the heat sink, such as thermal conductivity, low mass,
inexpensive material, inexpensive manufacturing processes,
environmental resistance, bondability, etc. While the interface
surface, or slug, may be selected of a material, size and shape or
made customized to the particular application, in order to optimize
selected features, such as improved CTE matching with the device to
be cooled, bondability, machinability to precise tolerances,
etc.
[0032] It should be noted that the application specific shape of
the heat-dissipating stud might be formed before or after it is
attached to the heat-dissipating substrate. Also, the
heat-dissipating stud may be attached to the device to be cooled
before or after it is attached to the heat-dissipating substrate.
Also, although FIGS. 7-8 illustrate an integrated circuit device
744 being cooled, the present invention is just as applicable to
printed circuit boards, multi-chip modules, prepackaged devices,
etc. without deviating from the basic concepts of the present
invention.
[0033] Embodiments one-four are also applicable in a situation in
which the heat-dissipating substrate may be utilized to cool more
than one integrated circuit, die, printed circuit assembly or
components in a multi-chip module. Basically, more than one
electronic component in an assembly may utilize a single
heat-dissipating substrate with different heat-dissipating studs
being interposed between each electronic component to be cooled and
the heat-dissipating substrate.
[0034] By way of exemplary illustration only, FIG. 9 shows a
heat-dissipating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the
present invention, in which a first heat-dissipating stud 920 and a
second heat-dissipating stud 930 are attached to a heat-dissipating
substrate 910. Heat-dissipating studs 920 and 930 are selected or
formed from similar or different materials for specific desired
features, such as CTE matching with first and second die or
electronic assemblies (not shown), as taught herein with respect to
FIGS. 1-8.
[0035] As shown in FIG. 10, heat-dissipating apparatus 900 may be
manufactured by selecting from various generic substrates of
varying sizes, shapes and materials or forming a substrate 910 from
a specific heat-dissipating material selected for application
specific features as taught with respect to FIGS. 1-8 (1010).
Heat-dissipating studs 920 and 930 may be formed of similar or
different materials, selected for applications specifically desired
features as taught herein with respect to FIGS. 1-8 and attached to
substrate 910 (1020 and 1040). Electronic components (not shown in
FIG. 9) are attached to heat-dissipating studs 920 and 930. These
steps may be formed in any order and any or all of the substrate
910 or studs 920 and 930 may be generic components on hand and
selected and assembled for a specific application or custom
fabricated to a specific application.
[0036] It should be noted that studs 920 and 930 might be formed by
similar or different methods and of similar or different materials,
depending on the specific desired features or requirements of the
electronic component to be attached to each stud. There may be more
than two heat-dissipating studs attached between the
heat-dissipating substrate 910 and individual heat-generating
devices or areas of an integrated circuit or multi-chip module.
Also, heat-dissipating studs may be attached on both the top and
the bottom surface of the heat-dissipating substrate, limited only
by proximity, heat-dissipation requirements, size, weight and other
devices in an assembly with heat dissipation requirements.
[0037] FIG. 11 illustrates an electronic assembly 1141 comprising
an electrical interconnect support structure 1124 made of one or
more layers of dielectric material such as polyamide or other
polymer dielectric or epoxy materials. The support structure 1142
is attached to a heat-dissipating substrate 1143 made of a
heat-dissipating material chosen for application specific qualities
and features as described herein with respect to FIGS. 1-8.
[0038] Two or more microchips or die 1144 and 1154 are supported by
heat-dissipating studs 1145 and 1155, respectively, rising from the
upper surface of heat-dissipating substrate 1143. Heat-dissipating
studs 1145 and 1155 may be manufactured separately from
heat-dissipating substrate 1143 and attached to heat-dissipating
substrate 1143 by brazing, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding,
pressing, i.e., cold fusion under high pressure, soldering,
adhesive bonding, press fit, screws, rivets, diffusion bonding or
by and adhesion layer (not shown) of thermally conductive adhesive
material or other thin adhesion material of a thickness to be
determined by thermal performance requirements. A series of
wire-bonds 1147 connect contact points on the die 1144 and 1154 to
metalization layer or layers 1148 patterned on the surface or
within the body of support structure 1142. The metalization
connects to a plurality of leads 1150 extending from the electronic
assembly or multi-chip module 1141. Heat-dissipating substrate 1143
may be sized/shaped such it may form part of an encapsulation
structure for the electronic assembly (not shown).
[0039] In order to reduce the cost of the electronic assembly or
multi-chip module 1141, the heat dissipating substrate 1143 may be
selected from various generic materials, sizes and shapes, selected
for its thermal conductivity, low mass, environmental resistance,
price, etc. In order to distribute and reduce the mechanical stress
at the junction of the various components of the assembly, the
materials used for the support structure 1142 may be selected to
have intermediate CTEs between the heat-dissipating substrate 1143
and the metalization layer 1148. The heat-dissipating studs 1145
and 1155 may be selected from various materials to provide an
intermediate CTE between the heat-dissipating substrate 1143 and
the die 1144 and 1154, along with other desired application
specific features such as customizing of CTE matching to die,
sizing, environment resistance, price, mass, machinability,
etc.
[0040] Although this preferred embodiment of the present invention
has been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the
art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and
substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the
invention, resulting in equivalent embodiments that remain within
the scope of the appended claims. For example, the generic
heat-dissipating substrate may also be a heat-dissipating substrate
with fins or other common heat-dissipating physical features.
* * * * *