U.S. patent application number 10/815515 was filed with the patent office on 2004-11-11 for topical antiandrogenic steroids.
This patent application is currently assigned to Endorecherche, Inc.. Invention is credited to Gauthier, Sylvain, Labrie, Fernand, Provencher, Louis.
Application Number | 20040224935 10/815515 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33162248 |
Filed Date | 2004-11-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040224935 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Labrie, Fernand ; et
al. |
November 11, 2004 |
Topical antiandrogenic steroids
Abstract
Steroidal antiandrogens and pharmaceutical compositions thereof,
are used for reduction of the risk of developing, or for treatment
of, androgen-dependent skin related diseases. In preferred
embodiments, the antiandrogen EM-3180 is used for reduction of the
risk of developing, or the treatment, of acne, seborrhea, hirsutism
or androgenic alopecia: 1 Methods of treatment utilize the
antiandrogen alone, or in combination with other active ingredients
such as an inhibitor of a 5.alpha.-reductase, an inhibitor of type
5 17.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and/or an inhibitor of
prostate short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase.
Inventors: |
Labrie, Fernand; (Quebec,
CA) ; Provencher, Louis; (Charney, CA) ;
Gauthier, Sylvain; (Quebec, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OSTROLENK FABER GERB & SOFFEN
1180 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS
NEW YORK
NY
100368403
|
Assignee: |
Endorecherche, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
33162248 |
Appl. No.: |
10/815515 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60461069 |
Apr 7, 2003 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/182 ;
552/625 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07J 11/00 20130101;
C07J 1/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/182 ;
552/625 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/56; C07J
001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed:
1. A compound having the molecular structure: 29wherein R.sub.3 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro,
bromo, iodo, and a moiety --C.ident.CR' (R' being hydrogen or C1-C6
lower alkyl); wherein R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and cyanide; wherein
R.sub.17.alpha. is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower alkynyl, or
R.sub.17.alpha. and R.sub.17.beta. together are oxygen forming a
keto group; wherein R.sub.17.beta. is selected from the group
consisting of hydroxyl and a group transformed on the skin into
hydroxyl, or R.sub.17.alpha. and R.sub.17.beta. together are oxygen
forming a keto group; wherein R.sub.16.alpha. is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl C2-C6 lower
alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower alkynyl; whereinm R.sub.16.beta. is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl,
C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower alkynyl; wherein at least one
of R.sub.3 or R.sub.4is not an hydrogen.
2. The compound selected from the group consisting of:
304-cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-ethyl-1,3,5(10)estratrien-17.beta.-ol
and
314-cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-ethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-on-
e
3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical
acceptable diluent or carrier and a therapeutically acceptable
amount of an antiandrogen having the molecular structure: 32wherein
R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro,
chloro, bromo, iodo, and a moiety --C.ident.CR' (R' being hydrogen
or C1-C6 lower alkyl); wherein R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, and cyanide;
wherein R.sub.17.alpha. is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C1-6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower
alkynyl, or R.sub.17.alpha. and R.sub.17.beta. together are oxygen
forming a keto group; wherein R.sub.17.beta. is selected from the
group consisting of hydroxyl and a group transformed on the skin
into hydroxyl, or R.sub.17.alpha. and R.sub.7.beta. together are
oxygen forming a keto group; wherein R.sub.16.alpha. is selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6
lower alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower alkynyl; wherein R.sub.16.beta. is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 lower alkyl,
C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and C2-C6 lower alkynyl; wherein at least one
of R.sub.3, or R.sub.4 is not an hydrogen.
4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical
acceptable diluent or carrier and a therapeutically acceptable
amount of an antiandrogen selected from the group consisting of:
334-cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-ethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17.beta.-o-
l and
344-cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-ethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-o-
ne
5. A method of treating or reducing the risk of developing, acne,
seborrhea, hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, comprising
administering to a patient in need of such treatment or reduction,
a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of type
5 17.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of a 5.alpha.-reductase
inhibitor.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of
Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase 1 (PSDR1).
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of
Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase 1 (PSDR1).
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of
Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase 1 (PSDR1).
11. The method of claim 5, further comprising administering to said
patient a therapeutically effective amount of a 5.alpha.-reductase
inhibitor and an inhibitor of type 5 17.quadrature.-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising admininistering to
said patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of
Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase 1 (PSDR1).
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to novel inhibitors of sex steroid
activity, such as antiandrogenic compounds that have effective
antagonistic activity while substantially lacking agonistic
effects. More particularly, the invention relates to certain
steroid derivatives which block androgen action by acting, among
other mechanisms, through the androgen receptors but not activating
such receptors. These compounds are useful in the treatment of (or
reduction of risk of acquiring) androgen-exacerbated skin diseases,
discussed herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0002] During the treatment of certain androgen dependent diseases,
it is important to greatly reduce or, if possible, to eliminate
androgen-induced effects. For this purpose, it is desirable to both
block access to the androgen receptors with "antiandrogens", thus
preventing androgens from binding and activating those receptors,
and also to reduce the concentration of androgens available to
activate the receptors. It is possible that, even in the absence of
androgens, unoccupied androgen receptors may be biologically
active. Hence, antiandrogens which bind and block the receptors may
produce better therapeutic results than therapy which only inhibits
androgen production.
[0003] Antiandrogens may have a significant therapeutic effect in
slowing or stopping the progress of androgen-dependent diseases,
e.g. diseases whose onset or progress is aided by androgen receptor
or androgen receptor modulator activation.
[0004] It is desired that an antiandrogen used in therapy to reduce
androgen receptor activation have both good affinity for the
androgen receptor and a substantial lack of inherent androgenic
activity. The former refers to the ability of an antiandrogen to
bind to the androgen receptor, and thus to block access to the
receptor by androgens. The latter refers to the effect that the
antiandrogen has on the receptor once it binds thereto. Some
antiandrogens may possess inherent androgenic activity ("agonistic
activity") which undesirably activates the very androgen receptors
whose activation they are intended to prevent In other words, an
antiandrogen with intrinsic androgenic activity may successfully
bind to androgen receptors, desirably blocking access to those
receptors by natural androgens, yet may undesirably itself activate
the receptor.
[0005] Known non-steroidal antiandrogens such as flutamide, casodex
and anandron lack undesirable androgenic activity, but may not have
receptor affinity as good as steroidal antiandrogens (i.e. androgen
derivatives having a steroidal nucleus that is modified to provide
antiandrogenic activity). Steroidal antiandrogens, however, are
believed more likely to possess undesirable agonistic
characteristics.
[0006] Most of known antiandrogens such as flutamide have unwanted
systemic activity when applied on the skin. For androgen-dependent
skin related diseases such as acne, hirsutism, seborrhea,
androgenic alopecia and premature male baldness, it is preferred
that antiandrogens not penetrate in the body in significant amount
and have antiandrogenic effect in other tissues than on the area of
the skin where they are applied.
[0007] Thus, there is a need in the Art for steroidal antiandrogens
having good affinity to the androgen receptor and substantially
lacking undesirable agonistic and systemic characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide
steroidal antiandrogens, having good affinity for the androgen
receptor, while substantially lacking androgenic and systemic
activity. These antiandrogens may be useful in the treatrnent of
androgen-dependent skin related diseases as described in more
detail infra.
[0009] In one aspect, the invention provides an antiandrogenic
compound of the molecular formula: 2
[0010] wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo and a moiety --C.ident.CR'(R'
being hydrogen or C1-C6 lower alkyl); wherein R.sub.4 is selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo,
and cyanide:
[0011] wherein R.sub.17.alpha., is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and
C2-C6 lower alkynyl, or R.sub.17.alpha., and R.sub.17.beta.
together are oxygen forming a keto group;
[0012] wherein R.sub.17.beta. is selected from the group consisting
of hydroxyl and a group transformed on the skin into hydroxyl, or
R.sub.17.alpha. and R.sub.17.beta. together are oxygen forming a
keto group;
[0013] wherein R.sub.16.alpha. is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and
C2-C6 lower alkynyl;
[0014] wherein R.sub.16.beta. is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C1-C6 lower alkyl, C2-C6 lower alkenyl, and C2-C6
lower alkynyl;
[0015] wherein at least one of R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is not an
hydrogen.
[0016] In another aspect, the invention provides topical
pharmaceutical compositions containing the antiandrogens of the
invention together with pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or
carriers.
[0017] In another aspect, the novel antiandrogens, or
pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are used in the
treatment or prevention of androgen-dependent skin related diseases
such as acne, hirsutism, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, premature
male baldness and the like.
[0018] It is another object to provide treatment and prevention
regimens for androgen sensitive skin related diseases which
regimens include use of androgen receptor antagonists disclosed
herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0019] The antiandrogens and pharmaceutical compositions containing
them, may be utilized in accordance with the invention to treat or
reduce the risk of acquiring androgen-sensitive skin-related
diseases whose progress or onset is aided by activation of androgen
receptors. These include but are not limited to acne, seborrhea,
hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, premature male baldness, and the
like.
[0020] It is preferred that the R.sub.4 substituent be a cyanide
group
[0021] The following compounds, EM-3221,
(4cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-
-ethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17.beta.-ol;
16-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-13,16-dimethy-
l-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopent[.alpha.]phenanthrene4--
carbonitrile) and EM-3180
(4-cyano-16.alpha.-methyl-16.beta.-ethyl-1,3,5(1-
0)-estratrien-17-one;
16-Ethyl-17-oxo-13,16-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,-
16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopent[.alpha.]phenanthrene-4-carbonitrile)
are especially preferred: 3
[0022] The antiandrogens of the invention are preferably formulated
together with pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient or
carrier into pharmaceutical compositions at conventional
antiandrogen concentrations for antiandrogens used in the prior art
The attending clinician may elect to modify the concentration
and/or dosage in order to adjust the dose to the particular
response of each patient. Preferably, the attending clinician will,
especially at the beginning of treatment, monitor an individual
patient's overall response to treatment, adjusting dosages as
necessary where a given patients' reaction to treatment is
atypical. As discussed in more detail below, carriers, excipients
or diluents include liquids. When a composition is prepared other
than for immediate use, an art-recognized preservative is typically
included (e.g. benzyl alcohol). The novel pharmaceutical
compositions of the invention may be used in the treatment of
androgen-related skin diseases, or to reduce the likelihood of
acquiring such diseases.
[0023] The antiandrogens of the invention are utilized for the
treatment of androgen related diseases of the skin such as acne,
seborrhea, hirsutism, androgenic alopecia and premature male
baldness. The antiandrogens are preferably administered topically
together with a conventional topical carrier or diluent. It is
preferred that the diluent or carrier does not promote transdernal
penetration of the active ingredients into the blood stream or
other tissues where they might cause unwanted systemic effects.
[0024] When the compound is administered in a cutaneous or topical
carrier or diluent, the carrier or diluent may be chosen from any
known in the cosmetic and medical arts, e.g. any gel cream, lotion,
ointment, liquid or non liquid carrier, emulsifier, solvent, liquid
diluent or other similar vehicle which does not exert deleterious
effect on the skin or other living animal tissue. The carrier or
diluent is usually a mixture of several ingredients, including, but
not limited to liquid alcohols, liquid glycols, liquid polyalkylene
glycols, water, liquid amides, liquid esters, liquid lanolin,
lanolin derivatives and similar materials. Alcohols include mono
and polyhydric alcohols, including ethanol, glycerol, sorbitol,
isopropanol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol,
hexylene glycol, mannitol and methoxyethanol. Typical carriers may
also include ethers, e.g. diethyl and dipropyl ether,
methoxypolyoxyethylenes, carbowaxes, polyethyleneglycerols,
polyoxyethylenes and sorbitols. Usually, the topical carrier
includes both water and alcohol in order to maximize the
hydrophylic and lipophylic solubility, e.g. a mixture of ethanol or
isopropanol with water.
[0025] A topical carrier may also include various other ingredients
commonly used in ointments and lotions and well known in the
cosmetic and medical arts. For example, fragrances, antioxidants,
perfumes, gelling agents, thickening agents such as
carboxymethylcellulose, surfactants, stabilizers, emollients,
coloring agents and other similar agents may be present.
[0026] The concentration of active ingredient in the ointment,
cream, gel or lotion is typically from about 0.01 to 20 percent,
preferably between 0.1 and 10 percent, and most preferably 1
percent (by weight relative to the total weight of the lotion,
cream, gel or ointment). Within the preferred ranges, higher
concentrations allow a suitable dosage to be achieved while
applying the lotion, ointment, gel or cream in a lesser amount or
with less frequency.
[0027] Several non-limiting examples infra describe the preparation
of a typical lotion and gel, respectively. In addition to the
vehide used in those examples, one skilled in the art may choose
other vehides in order to adapt to specific dermatologic needs.
[0028] For topical use lotion, ointment, gel or cream should be
thoroughly rubbed into the skin so that no excess is plainly
visible, and the skin is preferably not washed in that region for
at least 30 minutes. The amount applied should provide at least
0.001 milligrams of antiandrogen per square centimeter (preferably
from 0.01 to 1 mg/cm2) per application. It is desirable to apply
the topical composition to the effected region from 1 to 6 times
daily, e.g. 3 times daily at approximately regular intervals.
[0029] Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase Reductase 1 (PSDR1) was
first identified as a Short-Chain Steroid Dehydrogenase/Reductase
that is highly expressed in Normal and Neoplastic Epithelium (Lin
et aL, Cancer Research 61:1611-8, 2001) without enzymatic activity
characterization. Recently, using a protein overexpressed in SF9
insect cells, the enzyme has been found to have retinal reductase
activities catalyzing the transformation of retinal into retinol
(Kedishvili et al., JBC 277, 28909-15, 2002). The authors affirmed
that the enzyme is selective for retinoids and does not possess any
significant oxidative or reductive activity toward the functional
hydroxyl or keto groups in positions 3, 17, or 20 of steroids.
[0030] In contrast, using human embryonic kidney cells stably
transfected with human PSDR1 cDNA in culture, we have found that
the enzyme possesses a predominant 17.beta.-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase activity, selective for 5.alpha.-reduced steroids,
catalyzing the transformation of 5.alpha.-androstane-3,17-dione
(5.alpha.-dione) into 5.alpha.-androstane-17.beta.-ol-3-one
(dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and of
5.alpha.-androstane-3.alpha.-ol-17-one (ADT) into
5.alpha.-androstane-3.a- lpha.,17.beta.-diol (3.alpha.-diol).
[0031] Using RealTime PCR to quantify the mRNA expression levels of
the enzyme in various human and mouse tissues, we showed that this
enzyme is widely expressed. It is strongly expressed in the human
prostate, and at a lesser extend in the human liver, adrenal and
placenta. In the mouse, it is highly expressed in the testis and in
the preputial and clitoral glands. It is also expressed in mouse
seminal vesicles, epididymis, hypophysis, adrenals, liver, kidney,
thymus, adipose tissue, skin, lung, esophagus, colon, mammary
gland, uterus, vagina, and ovary.
[0032] These results strongly suggest that this enzyme plays an
important role in the formation of the most potent natural androgen
DHT.
[0033] In some embodiments of the invention, the antiandrogen of
the invention is used in combination with another active ingredient
as part of a combination therapy. For example, the novel
antiandrogen may be utilized together with a separate
5.alpha.-reductase inhibitor, a type 5 17.beta.-hydroxy steroid
dehydrogenase inhibitor, or Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase
Reductase 1 inhibitor which may be incorporated into the same
pharmaceutical composition as is the antiandrogen, or which may be
separately administered. Combination therapy could also include
treatment with one or more compounds which inhibit the production
of dihydrotestosterone or its precursors. In some preferred
embodiments of the invention, the topical pharmaceutical
composition further includes an inhibitor of steroid 5.alpha.
reductase activity. One such inhibitor ("Propecia") is commercially
available form Merck Sharp and Dohme. Inhibitors of type 5
17.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, more particularly compound
EM-1404, are disdosed in the international publication WO
99/46279
[0034] EM-1791, one inhibitor of Prostate Short-Chain Dehydrogenase
Reductase-1, can be easily synthesized from Benzypyran compounds
disdosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,060,503 as described in the following
scheme: 4
[0035] A patient in need of treatment or reducing the risk of onset
of a given disease is one who has either been diagnosed with such
disease or one who is susceptible to acquiring such disease. The
invention is especially useful for individuals who, due to
heredity, environmental factors or other recognized risk factor,
are at higher risk than the general population of acquiring the
conditions to which the present invention relates.
[0036] Except where otherwise stated, the preferred dosage of the
active compounds of the invention is identical for both therapeutic
and prophylactic purposes. The dosage for each active component
discussed herein is the same regardless of the disease being
treated (or prevented).
[0037] Where two are more different active agents are discussed as
part of a combination therapy herein (e.g. an enzyme inhibitor and
an antiandrogen), a plurality of different compounds are
administered rather than a single compound having multiple
activities.
[0038] Except where otherwise indicated, the term "compound" and
any associated molecular structur may indude any possible
stereoisomers thereof, in the form of a racemic mixture or in
optically active form.
[0039] Except where otherwise noted or where apparent from context,
dosages herein refer to weight of active compounds unaffected by
pharmaceutical excipients, diluents, carries or other ingredients,
although such additional ingredients are desirably included, as
shown in the examples herein. Any dosage form (cream, gel ointment
or the like) commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry is
appropriate for use herein, and the terms "excipient", "diluent" or
"carrier" include such non-active ingredients as are typically
included, together with active ingredients in such dosage forms in
the industry.
[0040] All of the active ingredients used in any of the combination
therapies discussed herein may be formulated in pharmaceutical
compositions which also include one or more of the other active
ingredients. Alternatively, they may each be administered
separately or otherwise enjoys the benefits of each of the active
ingredients (or strategies) simultaneously. In some preferred
embodiments of the invention, for example, one or more active
ingredients are to be formulated in a single pharmaceutical
composition. In other embodiments of the invention, a kit is
provided which includes at least two separate containers wherein
the contents of at least one container differs, in whole or in
part, from the contents of at least one other container with
respect to active ingredients contained therein. Two or more
different containers are used in the combination therapies of the
invention. Combination therapies discussed herein also include use
of one active ingredient of the combination in the manufacture of a
medicament for the treatment (or prevention) of the disease in
question where the treatment or prevention further includes another
active ingredient or strategy of the combination.
[0041] When 5.alpha.-reductase inhibitors are used in combination
therapies, in accordance with the invention described herein, oral
or cutaneous dosage is preferably between 0.1 mg and 100 mg per day
per 50 kg body weight, more preferably between 0.5 mg/day and 10
mg/day, for example 1 mg per day of finasteride.
[0042] When type 5 17.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
are used in combination therapies, in accordance with the invention
described herein, oral or cutaneous dosage is preferably between 5
mg and 500 mg per day per 50 kg body weight, more preferably
between 10 mg/day and 400 mg/day, for example 300 mg per day of
EM-1404.
[0043] When PSDR-1 inhibitors are used in combination therapies, in
accordance with the invetion described herein, cutaneous dosage is
preferably between 10 mg and 2000 mg per day per 50 kg body weight,
more preferably between 100 mg/day and 1000 mg/day, for example 500
mg per day of EM-1791.
PREFERRED ANTIANDROGENS
[0044] Set forth in the table below is a list of compounds which we
have found to be useful as antiandrogens for topical application
(Hamster's ear sebaceous gland assay). The table also includes in
vitro determination of androgenic/antiandrogenic activity on mouse
mammary carcinoma Shionogi cells and in vivo determination of
systemic antiandrogenic activity in immature male rats. It is
believed that the rat assays are better for predicting systemic
efficacy, while the Shionogi assays are better for predicting
efficacy against skin diseases.
1TABLE 1 TOPICAL ANTIANDROGENS RAT (in vivo) (systemic)
Antiandrogenic activity Prostate SV in Hamster's Inh. Inh Shionogis
sebaceous glands % inh. % inh. (In Vitro) Inh. Vs (0.5 mg, (0.5 mg,
VS NAME STRUCTURE Dose Cx (%) per os) per os) IC.sub.50(nM) OH-FLU*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 EM-3180 5 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g; 57.1 90.5
95.2 0 0 35 2 EM-3497 6 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g: 62.9 62.9 77.7
0 0 46 1.5 EM-3166 7 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g: 47.6 66.6 76.2 0
15 21.8 5.0 EM-3144 8 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g: 9.5 71.4 71.4 8
12 4.4 8.5 EM-3852 9 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g: 51.8; 28.6 66.6;
66.6 70.4; 85.7 0 0 16.1 8.7 EM-3411 10 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
3.7 14.8 62.9 0 10 .about.1 EM-3223 11 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
25.9 37.0 59.2 0 18 1.3 6.5 16 14 EM-3217 12 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 4.8 0 42.8 0 19 19 0 .about.1 EM-3178 13 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g:
10 .mu.g: 9.5 9.5 38.1 0 0 17 4.1 EM-3221 14 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 0 9.5 33.3 0 1 3.2 6.6 EM-3226 15 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 7.4 29.6 33.3 0 0 3.6 5.9 EM-3415 16 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 0 11.1 44.4 0 0 26 2.5 EM-3473 17 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 7.4 0 14.8 0 0 9.3 9 EM-4142 18 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
18.5 18.5 37.0 0 22 29 3.7 EM-5035 19 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
3.7 11.1 51.9 11 4 66 1.6 EM-3165 20 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
19.0 14.3 23.8 1 14 15.1 7.2 EM-3803 21 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10 .mu.g:
33.3 51.8 37.0 0 30 11 8.6 10.6 10.3 EM-4157 22 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g:
10 .mu.g: 18.5 29.6 40.7 0 55 33 5 EM-2557 23 1 .mu.g: 3 .mu.g: 10
.mu.g: 52.4 42.8 66.6 6 0 15 18 7.2 6.8 EM-2627 24 1 .mu.g: 3
.mu.g: 10 .mu.g: 14.3 42.8 66.6 0 25 7.8 8.3 Cx: CASTRATED * OH-Flu
= 1
[0045] Legend:
[0046] Column 3 represents the dose of antiandrogenic compounds
applied on the left ear of the intact male hamster.
[0047] Column 4 represents the relative inhibition in % of the area
of the sebaceous gland of the left ear versus control hamster.
Higher values approaching the effect of castration are
preferable
[0048] Column 5 represents the % of antiandrogenic efficacy in rat
prostate, relatively to the percentage of inhibition of flutamide
calculated by the formula:
% efficacy versus Flu=100.times.% inhib (compound)/% inhib
(Flu).
[0049] Where the percentage of inhibition (% inhib) is calculated
by the following formula:
% lnhib=100-[W (compound)-W (control)/W (DHT)-W
(control)].times.100.
[0050] W is the weight of the prostate.
[0051] Higher values are preferable.
[0052] Column 6 represents the % of antiandrogenic efficacy on the
rat seminal vesicle, relative to the percentage of inhibition by
flutamide calculated by the formula:
% efficacy versus Flu=100.times.% inhib (compound)/% inhib
(Flu).
[0053] Where the percentage of inhibition (% inhib) is calculated
by the following formula:
% Inhib=100-[W (compound)-W (control)/W (DHT)-W
(control)].times.100.
[0054] W is the weight of the seminal vesicle.
[0055] Higher values are preferable.
[0056] Column 7 represents the dose (expressed in nM) that inhibits
by 50% (IC.sub.50) DHT-stimulated Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma
cell number. Lower values are preferable.
[0057] Column 8 represents the ratio of Inhibition Constant (Ki)
value of the inhibition of DHT-stimulated Shionogi mouse mammary
carcinoma cell number by hydroxyflutamide versus the effect of the
tested-compound. Higher values are preferable.
EFFICACY OF THE PREFERRED INHIBITORS
[0058] In vivo Assays of Topical Antiandrogenic Activity
[0059] The Antiandrogenic activity of antiandrogenic compounds has
been measured using a Histomorphometry assay of the Ear Sebaceous
Glands in the Hamster
[0060] 1. Animals Male Golden Syrian, Hamster (SYR) of 110-120 g
were obtained from Harlan Sprague Dawlay (Madison, USA) and housed
up to 2 per cage in plastic cages in a temperature (22.+-.3.degree.
C.) and light (12 h light/day, lights on at 7 h 15) in a controlled
environment. The hamsters were fed with Certified Rodent Diet 5002
(pellet) and tap water ad libitum. The animals were acclimated for
at least five days before the beginning of the study. Animals were
randomly assigned to groups of eight hamsters. One group of
hamsters was castrated under isoflurane-induced anesthesia on the
day of dosing initiation (SD 1) and used as control group.
[0061] 2. Treatments To evaluate the antiandrogenic activity,
tested compounds were applied topically on the inner part of the
left ear, once daily, for 14 days. Ten .mu.L solution of acetone:
ethanol: propylene Glycol (1:1:2; v:v:v) containing 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0
mg/mL of tested compound was carefully applied onto a region
between the two cartilage ridges of the ventral surface of left
pinna. For animals in the castrated and intact control groups
ten-.mu.L vehicle was applied onto the left ear. No solution will
be applied on the right ear for any animals of the study.
[0062] 3. Postmortem Observations and Measurements On Study Day 15,
the hamsters were euthanized by cervical dislocation under
isoflurane anesthesia. The left and right ears were collected
attached together by the head skin, flat fixed on a paper and were
immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. From the flat fixed ear
and using paper puncture that makes a hole of 6 mm, the region
where solution was applied was collected from each ear. Using a
scalpel blade, the collected 6 mm round ear specimen was cut in the
middle between the two cartilage ridges. The two equal parts of the
ear round specimen were embedded in paraffin. After processing the
tissue, the two parts were vertically embedded parallel to each
other in a way that the flat 6 mm area was facing out. From each
paraffin block, one section (5 .mu.m thick) was cut and collected
on a glass slide. Thus, each slide contained two elongated sections
of 6 mm length. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
[0063] 4. Analysis of Sebaceous Gland Area Using the video camera
and objective lens number X5 of the light microscope, the resulting
field that appears on the screen has a length of 0.953 mm. From the
glass slide, when we have examined the first 6 mm long section from
the left to the right, the first and second fields were ignored and
the third and fourth fields were captured for analysis by the image
analyzer. Each field has the length of 0.953 mm. With the help of
the screen mouse, the sebaceous glands within the whole field
length (0.953mm) were marked. Also, an area with the length of the
whole field and the height between stratum granulosum and the upper
edge of the cartilage was drawn.
[0064] The image analyzer calculated the total area of the
sebaceous glands (.mu.m.sup.2) in each examined field. We also
obtained the area, which has the length of 0.953 mm and the height
between stratum granulosum and the cartilage. In addition, the
percentage of the area occupied by the glands was obtained. Thus,
for each ear, two sections were cut and two fields from each
section were analyzed. The total of the four readings was averaged
and the mean standard of error calculated by the image analyzer.
The results were expressed in .mu.m.sup.2 as the total surface of
glands per field and also as percentage of the area occupied by the
glands.
[0065] B In vitro Assays of Androgenic/Antiandrogenic Activity of
antiandrogenic compounds
[0066] The androgenic/antiandrogenic activity of preferred
compounds has been measured using the Shionogi mouse mammary
carcinoma cells.
[0067] 1. Materials Minimal essential culture medium (MEM),
non-essential amino acids, and fetal calf serum were purchased from
Flow Laboratories. In order to remove endogenous steroids, serum
was incubated overnight at 4.degree. C. with 1% activated charcoal
(Norit A, Fisher) and 0.1% Dextran T-70 (Pharmacia). A 2-h
supplementary adsorption was performed at 25.degree. C. in order to
further remove protein-bound steroids. Serum was also inactivated
by a 20-min incubation at 56.degree. C.
[0068] 5.alpha.-dihydrotestosterone (DET) was obtained from
Steraloids. The antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (OH-FLU) was kindly
supplied by Drs. T. L. Nagabuschan and R. Neri (Schering
Corporation, Kenilworth, U.S.A.).
[0069] 2. Cell dispersion, culture and cloning Shionogi male mice
bearing androgen-sensitive mammary tumors were obtained from Drs.
Keishi Matsumoto, Osaka, Japan, and Yvonne Lefebvre, Ottawa,
Canada. For primary culture, tumors were excised and washed in
ice-cold sterile 25 mM Hepes buffer (137 mM NaCl; 5 mM KCl; 0.7 mM
Na2HPO.sub.4; 10 mM glucose, pH 7.2). After mincing with scissors,
the tumor minces were digested for 2 h at 37.degree. C. in Hepes
buffer containing 3.8 mg/ml collagenase (Clostridium, Boehringer),
1.5 mg/ml hyaluronidase II (Sigma), and 3% bovine serum albumin
fraction V (Schwartz-Mann). Dispersed cells were collected by
centrifugation (500.times.g for 10 min), washed twice by suspension
in minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 5% dextran-coated
charcoal-treated fetal calf serum (DCC-FCS), 1% non-essential amino
acids, 10 IU/ml penicillin, 50 .mu.g/ml streptomycin, and 100 nM
dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (Steraloids).
[0070] Cells were plated in the same medium at a density of 75 000
cells/ml in 75 cm.sup.2 flasks under an atmosphere of 5% carbon
dioxide in air at 37.degree. C. The medium was changed weekly.
Tested compounds were dissolved in ethanol and kept in stock
solutions chosen to yield final ethanol concentrations less than
0.01% in the culture medium. Such a concentration of ethanol does
not affect cell growth.
[0071] Cells were subcultured at near-confidence by gentle
digestion in a solution of 0.1% pancreatin (Flow Laboratories) in
Hepes buffer containing 3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
(pH 7.2). Cells were pelleted by centrifugation, resuspended in
culture medium, counted in a Coulter counter, and replated as
described above. Soft agar cloning was performed as described
(Stanley et al., Cell 10: 35-44, 1977) in the presence of 100 nM
DHT.
[0072] 3. Measurement of Cell Growth Cells were plated in 24-well
plates at a density of 20 000 cells/well. The indicated increasing
concentrations of agents were added to triplicate dishes, and cells
were grown for 10-12 days with changes of medium every 3-4 days.
Cell number was measured by direct counting in a Coulter
counter.
[0073] 4. Calculations and Statistical Analysis IC.sub.50 values of
tested compounds were calculated according to a least-square
regression as described by Rodbard (Endocrinology, 94, 1427-1437,
1974) Statistical significance was calculated according to Kramer
multiple-range test.
[0074] C Systemic antiandrogenic activity (immature male rats)
[0075] 1. Animals Immature male rats (Crl:CD(SD)Br) 22 to 24-day
old were obtained from Charles-River, Inc. (St-Constant, Quebec,
Canada) and housed up to 5 per cage in plastic bins in a
temperature (23.+-.1.degree. C.)--and light (12 h light/day, lights
on at 7h15)--controlled environment. The rats were fed rodent chow
and tap water ad libitum. The day following their arrival, the
animals were orchidectornized (CX) under Isoflurane anesthesia via
scrotal route and randomly assigned to groups of 5 animals. One
silastic implant of dihydrotestosterone (DHT; length of implant: 1
cm) was inserted subcutaneously in the dorsal area of animals at
the time of orchidectomy. One group of 5 animals was CX only as
control (no DHT implant inserted).
[0076] 2. Treatments To evaluate the antiandrogenic activity,
tested compounds were administered orally by gavage once daily at a
dose of 0.5 mg/animal for 7 days (SD 1 to 7). Compounds were
solubilized (when possible) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMS, 10% final
concentration) and administered as suspension in 0.4%
methylcellulose. Rats in CX control and CX+DHT control groups
received the vehicle alone during the 7-day period. One group of
animals received the antiandrogen Flutamide as reference. The
animals were killed by cervical dislocation under isoflurane
anesthesia on the 8th morning following castration. The ventral
prostate and seminal vesicles were rapidly dissected and
weighed.
[0077] 3. Calculations and Statistical Analysis The percentage of
inhibition (% inhib) is calculated by the following formula:
% Inhib=100-[W (compound)-W (control)/W (DHT)-W
(control)].times.100.
[0078] This percentage is reported as % of efficacy, relatively to
the percentage of inhibition of flutaride calculated by the
formula: % efficacy versus Flu=100.times.% inhib (compound)/% inhib
(Flu).
[0079] W is the weight of the prostate or the seminal vesicle.
[0080] Some non-limiting examples of preferred active compounds are
discussed below together with preferred synthesis techniques.
EXAMPLES OF SYNTHESIS OF PREFERRED INHIBITORS
[0081] Proton NMR spectra were recorded on a Brucker AC-F 300
instrument or a Brucker Avance 400 MHz . The following
abbreviations have been used: s, singlet; d, doublet; dd, doublet
of doublet; t, triplet; q, quadruplet; and m, multiplet. The
chemical shifts (.delta.) were referenced to chloroform (7.26 ppm
for .sup.1H and 77.00 ppm for .sup.13C) and were expressed in ppm.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on 0.25 mm Kieselgel
60F254 plates (E. Merck, Darmstadt, FRG). For flash chromatography,
Merck-Kieselgel 60 (230-400 mesh A.S.T.M.) was used. Unless
otherwise noted, starting material and reactant were obtained
commercially and were used as such or purified by standard means.
All solvents and reactants purified and dried were stored under
argon. Anhydrous reactions were performed under an inert
atmosphere, the set-up assembled and cooled under argon. Organic
solutions were dried over magnesium sulfate, evaporated on a
rotatory evaporator and under reduced pressure. Starting materials
and reagents were available from Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd.
(Oakville, Ontario)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
[0082] BINAP 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'binaphthyl
[0083] DMAP Dimethylaminopyridine
[0084] DMF Dimethyl formamide
[0085] Dppf 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
[0086] HPLC High pressure liquid chromatography
[0087] KHMDS Potassium (hexamethyldisilyl)amide
[0088] LiHMDS Lithium (hexamethyldisilyl)amide
[0089] NBS N-bromosuccinimide
[0090] THF Tetrahydrofuran
[0091] Tf.sub.2O Triflic anhydride
[0092] TMS Tetramethylsilyl
[0093] Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 T ris dibenzylideneacetone
dipalladium
EXAMPLE 1
[0094] Synthesis of
3fluoro-16,16-dimethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17.beta.-o- l (EM-3497)
2526
[0095] 3-trifluoromethanesulfonate-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (2)
Under argon atmosphere, a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 1.95
nmuol), 2,6-lutidine (0.512 mL, 4.40 mmol) and
4-dimethylaminopyridine (48 mg, 0.39 mmol) in dichloromethane (25
mL) was cooled at 0.degree. C., treated with
trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.444 mL, 2.64 mmol) and
stirred for 45 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with water
and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed
with 2% hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate and water,
dried over magnesium sulfate filtered, and evaporated. The crude
oil was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes-ethyl
acetate/49-1 to hexanes-ethyl acetate/4-1) to provide
trifluoromethanesulfonate 2 (614 mg, 91%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.92 (s,3H), 1.45-1.75 (m,6H), 1.95-2.57 (m,
7H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d,
J=8.7 Hz, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.75,
21.52, 25.63, 26.04, 29.35, 31.42, 35.76, 37.68, 44.03, 47.82,
50.31, 63.06, 118.27, 121.20, 127.17, 139.26, 140.24, 147.53,
220.46 ppm.
[0096] 3-diphenyliminyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (3) In a
Schlenk tube purged with argon, Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (27 mg, 3%
mol), S-(-)-BINAP (28 mg, 4.5% mol), Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (456 mg, 1.4
mmol) in toluene (2 mL) were added and stirring began. To the
resulting solution, 2 (403 mg, 1 mmol) and benzophenone imine (201
.mu.L, 1.2 mmol) were added and heated at 120.degree. C. for 3
days. The dark mixture was then cooled to room temperature and
diluted with Et.sub.2O (25 mL) and filtered over Celite and then
evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude solid was purified by
flash chromatography using gradient elution with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
to 3% Et.sub.2O/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 to afford 32 mg (8%) of starting
material 2 and 321 mg (74%) of imine 3 as a yellow solid. .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.90 (s, 3H), 1.30-1.67 (m, 6H),
1.88-2.50 (m, 7H), 2.76 (m, 2H), 6.47 (dd, J.sub.1=8.2 Hz,
J.sub.2=1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H),
7.09-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.53 (m, 3H), 7.72 (d,
J=7.1 Hz, 2H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.86,
21.54, 25.65, 26.48, 29.25, 31.55, 35.82, 38.11, 44.09, 47.95,
50.47, 118.59, 121.86, 125.25, 127.93, 128.14, 129.58, 134.90,
136.56, 139.61, 148.09, 167.93, 220.90 ppm.
[0097] 3-amino-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (4) To a solution of 3
(26 mg, 0.06 mmol) in wet THF (4 mL), one drop of conc. HCl was
added (the yellow colour disappears rapidly) and the solution was
stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then, the mixture was poured
into CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL) and the organic phase washed with 20%
aqueous NaOH (15 mL), H.sub.2O (30 mL), and brine, dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The compound was then purified by flash chromatography
(hexanes-ethyl acetate/5-1) to provide 14 mg (87%) of amine 4.
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.90 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.65
(m, 6H), 2.00-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.50 (dd, J.sub.2=18.4
Hz, J.sub.2=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 3.53 (br s, 2H), 6.46 (d,
J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.09
(d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
13.84, 21.55, 25.89, 26.57, 29.47, 31.53, 35.87, 38.44, 43.93,
48.04, 50.34, 113.05, 115.32, 126.21, 130.01, 137.37, 144.16,
221.15 ppm.
[0098] 3-fluoro-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (5) To neat stirred
boron trifluoride etherate (642 .mu.L, 5.07 mmol) at -15.degree. C.
under argon was added a solution of amine 4 (910 mg, 3.38 mmol) in
dry CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL). After 15 min, a solution of
t-butylnitrite (482 .mu.L, 4.05 mmol) in dry CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (5
mL) was dropwise added. The dark brown solution was stirred at
-15.degree. C. for 15 min, then at 0.degree. C. for 30 min. Pentane
was added to the solution and a gummy solid precipitated. The
solvent was decanted and the residue was dried under vacuum to give
a crude light brown solid. The neat solid was heated under vacuum
at 70-80.degree. C. in an oil bath for 15 min to give a crude
orange solid. Purification by flash chromatography (hexanes-ethyl
acetate/9-1) gave fluoride 5 as a white solid (437 mg, 47%).
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.92 (s, 3H), 1.37-1.70
(m, 6H), 1.93-2.44 (m, 6H), 2.52 (dd, J.sub.1=18.8 Hz, J.sub.2=9.0
Hz, 1H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR
(75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.83, 21.57, 25.89, 26.31, 29.47,
31.52, 35.85, 38.09,43.98, 47.95, 50.36, 112.50 (d, J=20.9 Hz),
115.13 (d, J=19.7 Hz), 126.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz), 135.31, 138.71, 160.98
(d, J=244.3 Hz), 220.80 ppm.
[0099] 3-fluoro-16,16-dimethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (6) To a
stirred solution of 5 (108 mg, 0.397 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at
0.degree. C. was dropwise added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 1.19 mL)
under argon. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30
min then cooled down to -78.degree. C. for the addition of
iodomethane (148 .mu.L, 344 mg, 2.38 mmol). The solution was then
stirred at -78.degree. C. for 5 h and allowed to rise to room
temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with ice/water and
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed
with aqueous saturated NH.sub.4Cl, 1M aqueous Na.sub.2SO.sub.3,
H.sub.2O, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered then rotary
evaporated to give a crude solid. Purification by flash
chromatography (hexanes-ethyl acetate/19-1) gave the compound 6 (82
mg, 69%) as a solid. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.94
(s, 3H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 3H), 1.42-1.63 (m, 6H), 1.86-2.00
(m, 3H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 6.78-6.87 (m,
2H), 7.22 (m, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
14.42, 25.74, 25.96, 26.46, 27.29, 29.46, 32.25, 37.56, 44.15,
45.31, 47.16, 48.97, 63.31, 112.40 (d, J=20.8 Hz), 115.09 (d,
J=20.9 Hz), 126.69 (d, J=7.3 Hz), 135.42, 138.65 (d, J=7.0 Hz),
160.96 (d, J=244.1 Hz), 225.03 ppm.
[0100] 3fluoro-16,16-dimethyl-1,3,5(10)estratrien-17.beta.-ol
(EM-3497) To the ketone 6 (1.16 g, 3.86 mmol) in dry THF (100 mL)
was added dropwise LiAlH.sub.4 (1.0M in THF, 3.86 mL) at
-78.degree. C. The solution was stirred for 15 min then quenched
with sodium sulfate decahydrate (6.22 g, 19.3 mmol) and stirred
overnight. The suspension was filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude product was then purified by flash
chromatography (hexanes-ethyl acetate/7-3) and triturated in cold
hexanes to provide EM-3497 (1.02 g, 88%) as a white solid. IR
(NaCl): 3430, 2926, 2866, 1588, 1494 cm.sup.-1. .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.80 (s, 3H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H),
1.20-1.60 (m, 8H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H),2.24-2.32 (m, 2H),
2.84 (m, 2H), 3.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz 1H), 6.76-6.85 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m,
1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 11.48, 25.27,
26.14, 27.14, 29.59, 32.30, 37.78, 37.93, 38.96, 41.15, 44.00,
45.37, 46.78, 88.79, 112.26 (d, J=21.0 Hz), 115.00 (d, J=20.5 Hz),
126.71 (d, J=8.6 Hz), 135.99, 138.85 (d, J=6.9 Hz), 160.87 (d,
J=243.2 Hz) ppm.
EXAMPLE 2
[0101] Synthesis of
4-cyano-16.beta.-ethyl-16a-methy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-- 17.beta.-ol
(EM-3221) 2728
[0102] Overall yield: 10.3% (8 steps not optimized)
[0103] 2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (2) Under
argon atmosphere, a solution of estrone (200 g, 0.74 mol) in dry
dichloromethane (3 L) was mechanically stirred at 0.degree. C. for
30 min. N-bromosuccinimide (395 g, 2.22 mol) was slowly added and
the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The
reaction was quenched, with saturated aqueous NH.sub.4Cl, washed
three times with water, dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and
evaporated. The crude product was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
(125 mL) and methanol (500 mL) was added. The suspension was
filtered to provide the compound 2 as a yellow solid (266 g, 84%).
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.89 (s, 3H), 1.30-1.70
(m, 6H), 1.95-2.40 (m, 6H), 2.51 (dd, J.sub.1=18.4 Hz, J.sub.2=9.2
Hz, 1H), 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J.sub.1=17.8 Hz, J.sub.2=6.0 Hz,
1H), 5.88 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H) pp .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.75, 21.52, 26.06, 26.44, 30.92, 31.32,
35.83, 37.26, 43.86, 50.11, 106.44, 113.19, 128.52, 136.43, 165.01,
220.60 ppm.
[0104] 3-hydroxyfbromo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (3) A mixture of
2,4-dibromestrone 2 (166 g, 0.39 mol) and palladium on activated
carbon (5 wt. %, wet) (66 g, 0.015 mol) in ethanol (2.7 L) was
stirred under H.sub.2 (g) (2 balloons) at room temperature for
approximatively 90 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The
mixture was filtered through Celite pad and washed several times
with methanol. The methanol solution was thrown away (it contained
only estrone). The Celite cake was transferred into an erlenmeyer
with DMF (1 L). The suspension was stirred at 60.degree. C. for 1
h, filtered on Celite, and washed with DMF. The DMF solution was
poured in iced water. The suspension was filtered on Buchner funnel
and dried to give the product 3 (166 g, 56%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.90 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.45 (m,
6H), 2.51 (dd, J.sub.1=18.3 Hz, J.sub.2=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (m, 1H),
2.96 (dd, J.sub.1=17.6 Hz, J.sub.2=6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (br s, 1H),
6.87 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR
(75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.78, 21.52, 26.11, 26.59, 31.01,
31.45, 35.86, 37.48, 44.07, 50.17, 112.81, 125.54, 136.21, 150.20,
220.88 ppm.
[0105] 3-hydroxyA4cyano1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (4) A mixture of
4-bromoestrone 3 (76.1 g, 0.218 mol) and copper (I) cyanide (39.0
g, 0.436 mol) in dry DMF (1.5 L) was stirred at 140.degree. C. for
16 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperarure and poured in a
solution of FeCl.sub.3 (320 g, 1.18 mol) in concentrated HCl (700
mL). This solution was stirred at 60.degree. C. for 30 min, then
cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2.times.2 L). The combined organic layer was washed
with water and with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution (until
pH 8), and dried over MgSO.sub.4. Removal of solvents gave the
product 4 as a white solid (58.0 g, 90%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.91 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.95-2.25 (m,
5H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.53 (dd, J.sub.1=18.5 Hz, J.sub.2=9.0 Hz, 1H),
2.97 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 5.69 (s br, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8.7 Hz,
1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 13.79, 21.50, 25.79, 28.51, 31.34, 35.82, 37.62, 43.59,
47.86, 50.08, 99.76, 113.44, 115.42, 131.46, 132.93, 140.80,
156.54, 220.77 ppm.
[0106] 20
3-trifluoromethanesulfonate-4-cyano-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (5)
Under argon atmosphere, a solution of compound 4 (8.0 g, 26 mmol),
triethylamine (7.1 mL, 52 mmol) and 4dimethylaminopyridine (0.35 g,
2.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (700 mL) was cooled at 0.degree. C.,
treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (5.2 mL, 31 mmol),
and stirred for 45 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with
water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was
washed with 2% hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
solution and water, dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and
evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography
(hexanes-ethyl acetate-CHCl.sub.3/8-1-1 to hexanes-ethyl
acetate-CHCl.sub.3/7-2-1) to provide sulfonate 5 (8.7 g, 79%).
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.92 (s, 3H), 1.45-1.80
(m, 6H), 1.98-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.53 (dd,
J.sub.1=18.3 Hz, J.sub.2=9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 3.22 (dd,
J.sub.1=18.2 Hz, J.sub.2=5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.60
(d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
13.70, 21.48, 25.44, 25.58, 28.59, 29.68, 31.24, 35.70, 37.02,
43.87, 47.64, 50.09, 107.08, 112.74, 119.30, 131.31, 141.45,
143.50, 148.04, 219.92 ppm.
[0107] 4-cyano-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (6) A round-bottom flask
charged with triflate 5 (8.4 g 20 mmol), Et.sub.3N (8.2 mL, 59
mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (218 mg 0.39 mmol),
palladium acetate (441 mg 0.20 mmol) suspended in dry DMF (130 mL),
and formic acid (1.5 mL, 39 mmol) was heated, under an argon
atmosphere, at 70 .degree. C. overnight. The reaction mixture was
quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic
phase was washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4,
filtered, and evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash
chromatography (hexanes-ethyl acetate-CHCl.sub.3/8-1-1 to
hexanes-ethyl acetate-CHCl.sub.3/5-5-1) to provide nitrile 6 (4.1
g, 74%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.92 (s, 3H),
1.40-1.75 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.25 (m, 4H), 2.25-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.53 (dd,
J.sub.1=18.2 Hz, J.sub.2=9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 3.20 (dd,
J.sub.1=17.8 Hz, J.sub.2=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 2H)
ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 13.78, 21.52, 25.62,
25.78, 28.18, 31.38, 35.80, 37.36, 44.17, 47.78, 50.26, 112.57,
118.13, 126.19, 129.93, 130.39, 140.28, 141.25, 220.87 ppm.
[0108] 4-cyano16-ethyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (7) To a stirred
solution of 6 (500 mg, 1.79 mmol) in dry THF (18 mL) at 0.degree.
C. was dropwise added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 1.88 mL) under an argon
atmosphere. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min
then cooled down to -78.degree. C. for the addition of iodoethane
(157 .mu.L, 307 mg, 1.97 mmol). The solution was then stirred at
room temperature for 7 h. The reaction was quenched with ice/water
and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was
washed with aqueous saturated NH.sub.4Cl, 1M aqueous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.3, H.sub.2O and brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4,
filtered, then rotary evaporated to give a crude solid.
Purification by flash chromatography (hexanes-ethyl acetate/19-1 to
hexanes-ethyl acetate/4-1) gave the compound 7 (315 mg, 57%) as a
solid. The ratio .alpha./.beta. isomer is 5/1; the pure
.alpha.-ethyl isomer is described. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.95-1.00 (m, 6H), 1.25-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.80-2.00
(m, 4H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m,
1H), 3.20 (dd, J.sub.1=18.0 Hz, J.sub.2=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H),
7.50 (m, 2H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 12.53,
14.55, 24.01, 25.53, 25.75, 26.81, 28.21, 31.45, 37.32, 44.20,
46.41, 48.31, 48.39, 112.53, 118.17, 126.16, 129.92, 130.33,
140.28, 141.34, 221.78 ppm.
[0109]
4-cyano-16.beta.-ethyl-16.alpha.-methyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17one
(EM-3180) To a stirred solution of 7 (220 mg, 0.716 mmol) in dry
THF (14 mL) at 0.degree. C. was dropwise added KHMDS (0.5 M in
toluene, 2.14 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The solution was
stirred at room temperature for 30 min then cooled down to
-78.degree. C. for the addition of iodomethane (134 .mu.L, 305 mg,
2.15 mmol). The solution was then stirred at -78.degree. C. for 30
min and allowed to rise to room temperature for 2 h. The reaction
was quenched with ice/water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The
combined organic phase was washed with aqueous saturated
NH.sub.4Cl, 1M aqueous Na.sub.2, SO.sub.3, H.sub.2O and brine,
dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, then rotary evaporated to give a
crude solid. Purification by flash chromatography (hexanes-ethyl
acetate/19-1 to hexanes-ethyl acetate/9-1) gave the compound
EM-3180 as a solid (199 mg, 83%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 0.92 (m, 6H), 1.06 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.70 (m, 8H), 1.80 (m,
1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.50 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 1H),
3.20 (dd, J.sub.1=17.6 Hz, J.sub.2=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.50
(m, 2 ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.97, 14.20,
22.53, 25.55, 26.02, 28.23, 32.36, 34.85, 36.88, 44.43, 47.10,
48.73, 49.63, 112.58, 118.18, 126.18, 129.85, 130.35,
140.33,141.45,224.69 ppm.
[0110] 4
cyano-16.beta.-ethyl-16.alpha.-methyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17.bet-
a.-l (EM-3221) To the ketone EM-3180 (60 mg, 0.187 mmol) in dry THF
(4 mL) was added dropwise LiAlH.sub.4 (1.0 M in THF, 206 .mu.L) at
-78.degree. C. The solution was stirred for 15 min, then quenched
with sodium sulfate decahydrate (303 mg, 0.94 mmol), and stirred
overnight. The suspension was filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude product was then purified by flash
chromatography (hexanes-ethyl acetate/19-1 tohexanes-ethyl
acetate/5-1) to give the compound EM-3221 (53 mg, 88%). .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 0.79 (s, 3H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H),
1.05 (s, 3H), 1.25 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 8H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 2.31
(m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.33 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.20
(m, 1iH), 7.50 (m, 2H) ppm. .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 8.77, 11.66, 25.90, 26.66, 27.81, 28.34, 29.71, 37.11,
37.89, 38.27, 42.30, 44.23, 45.19, 46.81, 90.95, 112.45,
118.27,126.00,129.92, 130.14,140.53, 141.96 ppm.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION EXAMPLES
[0111] Set forth below, by way of example and not of limitation,
are several pharmaceutical compositions utilizing a preferred
active compound EM-3180. Other compounds of the invention or
combination thereof, may be used in place of (or in addition to)
EM-3180. The concentration of active ingredient may be varied over
a wide range as discussed herein. The amounts and types of other
ingredients that may be included are well known in the art.
EXAMPLE A
[0112] Composition suitable for use as topical lotion
2 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
Ethanol 70.0 Propylene glycol 29.0
EXAMPLE B
[0113] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
3 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
Kucel 1.5 Ethanol 70.0 Propylene glycol 27.5
EXAMPLE C
[0114] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
4 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
Finasteride 1.0 Ethanol 69.0 Propylene glycol 29.0
EXAMPLE D
[0115] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
5 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
Finasteride 1.0 Kucel 1.5 Ethanol 69.0 Propylene glycol 27.5
EXAMPLE E
[0116] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
6 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
EM-1404 2.0 Ethanol 68.0 Propylene glycol 29.0
EXAMPLE F
[0117] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
7 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
EM-1404 2.0 Kucel 1.5 Ethanol 68.0 Propylene glycol 27.5
EXAMPLE G
[0118] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
8 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
BM-1791 2.0 Ethanol 68.0 Propylene glycol 29.0
EXAMPLE H
[0119] Composition suitable for use as topical gel
9 Weight % Ingredient (by weight of total composition) EM-3180 1.0
EM-1791 2.0 Kucel 1.5 Ethanol 68.0 Propylene glycol 27.5
[0120] Other antiandrogens may be substituted for or added to
EM-3180 in the above formulations.
[0121] The invention has been described in terms of preferred
embodiments and examples, but is not limited thereby. Those of
skill in the art will readily recognize the broader applicability
and scope of the invention which is limited only by the patent
claims that issue from this application or any patent application
claiming priority (directly or indirectly) hereto.
* * * * *