U.S. patent application number 10/799984 was filed with the patent office on 2004-10-28 for hydrocarbon fluids packaging.
Invention is credited to Howe, Michael William.
Application Number | 20040211782 10/799984 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33029933 |
Filed Date | 2004-10-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040211782 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Howe, Michael William |
October 28, 2004 |
Hydrocarbon fluids packaging
Abstract
A container for transporting, storing and dispensing hydrocarbon
fluids having a inner pouch and a rigid box in which the pouch is
disposed. The inner pouch has a first opening in which a fitment is
permanently affixed. The rigid box has at least one opening through
which the fitment may protrude or be accessed.
Inventors: |
Howe, Michael William;
(Spring, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Yukiko Iwata
Shell Oil Company
Legal - Intellectual Property
P.O. Box 2463
Houston
TX
77252-2463
US
|
Family ID: |
33029933 |
Appl. No.: |
10/799984 |
Filed: |
March 12, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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60454955 |
Mar 13, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
220/495.06 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D 77/065
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
220/495.06 |
International
Class: |
B65D 001/00 |
Claims
I claim:
1. A hydrocarbon fluids container comprising: a pouch made of
polymer laminate having at least three layers comprising: an outer
layer of a first polyalkylene; at least one inner layer of a first
oriented nylon; and an inside layer of a second polyalkylene; and a
rigid outer box having one or more faces; wherein the pouch is
disposed within the rigid box.
2. The container of claim 1 further comprising a valve or a quill
affixed to the pouch and extending outwardly therefrom.
3. The container of claim 2 further comprising a valve opening in a
face of the box.
4. The container of claim 1 wherein the box is a cube.
5. The container of claim 1 wherein the box is a solid
rectangle.
6. The container of claim 2 wherein the valve opening is located on
the top face of the box where the pouch is placed inside the
box.
7. The container of claim 1 wherein the box is made of a cellulosic
material.
8. The container of claim 8 wherein the box is made of
cardboard.
9. The container of claim 8 wherein the cardboard is
corrugated.
10. The container of claim 9 wherein the cardboard is coated with a
fire retardant.
11. The container of claim 9 wherein the box is coated with a
water-repellant.
12. The container of claim 1 wherein the first polyalkylene is
selected from the group of cast polypropylene linear low density
polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density
polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene
terephthalate, oriented and cross laminated high density
polyethylene and ethylene vinyl alcohol-linear (or density
polyethylene copolymer.
13. The container of claim 1 wherein the second polyalkylene is
selected from the group of cast polypropylene linear low density
polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density
polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene
terephthalate, oriented and cross laminated high density
polyethylene and ethylene vinyl alcohol-linear (or density
polyethylene copolymer.
14. The container of claim 1 wherein the oriented nylon is selected
from the group of uniaxially oriented nylon and biaxially oriented
nylon.
15. The container of claim 1 wherein the first layer is between
about 5 and 225 microns thick.
16. The container of claim 1 wherein the third layer is between
about 5 and 225 microns thick.
17. The container of claim 1 wherein the oriented nylon layer is
between about 50 and 250 microns thick.
18. The container of claim 10 wherein the fire retardant is an
intumescent coating.
19. The container of claim 11 wherein the water-repellant is a wax
coating.
20. The container of claim 1 wherein either the first layer or the
third layer is disposed on the interior of the pouch.
21. The container of claim 1 wherein the oriented nylon is selected
from the group of nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6, 10, nylon 11, nylon
12, nylon 6, 12, amorphous nylon, partially aromatic polyamides,
and copolymers of nylons.
22. The container of claim 1 wherein the three-ply polymer laminate
is between about 15 and about 260 microns thick.
23. A hydrocarbon fluids container comprising: a pouch of oriented
and cross laminated high density polyethylene; and a rigid box
having at least one face, wherein the pouch is disposed within the
rigid box.
24. The container of claim 23 wherein the flexible bag is between
about 50 to 200 microns thick.
25. The container of claim 23 further comprising a valve affixed to
the pouch and extending outwardly therefrom.
26. The container of claim 25 further comprising a valve opening in
a face of the box.
27. The container of claim 23 wherein the box is a cube.
28. The container of claim 23 wherein the box is a solid
rectangle.
29. The container of claim 23 wherein the valve opening is located
on the top face of the box where the pouch is placed inside the
box.
30. The container of claim 29 wherein at least one of the top flaps
has a handhold opening.
31. The container of claim 23 wherein the box is made of a
cellulosic material.
32. The container of claim 31 wherein the box is made of
cardboard.
33. The container of claim 32 wherein the cardboard is coated with
a fire retardant.
34. The container of claim 32 wherein the box is coated with a
water-repellant.
35. A hydrocarbon fluids container comprising: a pouch made of a
polymer laminate having at least 3 layers comprising: an outer
layer of a first oriented nylon; an inner layer selected from the
group of a second oriented nylon and aluminum; and an inside layer
of a polyalkylene; and a rigid box; wherein the pouch is disposed
in the rigid box.
36. The container of claim 36 further comprising a valve affixed to
the pouch and extending outwardly therefrom.
37. The container of claim 37 further comprising a valve opening in
a face of the box.
38. The container of claim 36 wherein the box is a cube.
39. The container of claim 36 wherein the box is a solid
rectangle.
40. The container of claim 35 wherein the valve opening is located
on the top face of the box where the pouch is placed inside the
box.
41. The container of claim 36 wherein the box is made of a
cellulosic material.
42. The container of claim 41 wherein the box is made of
cardboard.
43. The container of claim 43 wherein the cardboard is coated with
a fire retardant.
44. The container of claim 43 wherein the box is coated with a
water-repellant.
45. The container of claim 36 wherein the first polyalkylene is
selected from the group of cast polypropylene linear low density
polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density
polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene
terephthalate, oriented and cross laminated high density
polyethylene and ethylene vinyl alcohol-linear (or density
polyethylene copolymer.
46. The container of claim 36 wherein the first oriented nylon
layer is selected from the group of uniaxially oriented nylon and
biaxially oriented nylon.
47. The container of 36 wherein the second layer is oriented
nylon.
48. The container of claim 36 wherein the polymer laminate
thickness is between about 80 and about 350 microns.
49. The container of claim 36 wherein the first layer is between
about 5 and about 50 microns thick.
50. The container of claim 36 wherein the third layer is between
about 25 and about 225 microns thick.
51. The container of claim 36 wherein the second layer is between
about 5 and about 100 microns thick.
52. The container of claim 36 wherein second layer is an aluminum
layer of between about 0.0001 and about 0.00070 inches thick.
53. The container of claim 1 wherein the container comprises an
additional inner layer of an aluminum layer of between about 0.0001
and about 0.00070 inches thick.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of pending U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/454,955, filed Mar. 13,
2003, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to a packaging for hydrocarbon fluids.
More particularly, the invention relates to a container having a
flexible pouch within a more rigid exterior container.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Automobile service centers and other entities having a need
for large volumes of hydrocarbon fluids, such as motor oil,
transmission fluid or brake fluid, generally stock these materials
in 55 gallon drums or 5 or 6 gallon pails or 16 gallon kegs. Each
of these containers, however, present significant disadvantages.
For example, the 55 gallon drums are extremely heavy and difficult
to handle. Moreover, the circular shape of the drums gives rise to
vacant space during transportation thereby decreasing the
efficiency and raising the costs of transporting and delivering
these fluids. With each of these containers, it is necessary to use
a smaller container in order to dispense and use the fluid thereby
creating another contaminated container.
[0004] As an alternative, individual one quart plastic containers,
such as those typically purchased by individual consumers, may be
used by larger volume users. However, the use of individual
packaging destroys the cost-savings achievable with larger volume
packaging. Moreover, large volume use of individual quart bottles
would unnecessarily generate large quantities of
hydrocarbon-contaminated waste plastics. Finally, oil residue is
left in the quart bottles and such waste could be significant when
used by large volume consumers. This last disadvantage is also a
problem with 5 quart bottles.
[0005] There remains a need therefore for a hydrocarbon fluids
container for large volume users which is economical, uses less
storage space, is lighter weight and results in less waste
packaging and oil.
[0006] "Bag-in-a-box" containers substantially meet these needs.
Most such containers utilize polymer pouches, such as polyethylene,
as inner pouches which contain the liquid. Polymers which may be
used as pouches for hydrocarbon fluids must have both good
mechanical properties and good resistance towards hydrocarbon
fluids. With the latter property there appears to be a correlation
between the nature of the hydrocarbon fluid and the polymer
composition. While thin polyethylene films are extremely
economical, flexible and transparent and have low moisture vapor
permeability, such films are permeable to oil. Increasing the
thickness of the polyethylene material such that the material
becomes practicably impermeable to hydrocarbons fluid is well
known. However, to achieve sufficient thickness, flexibility is
sacrificed and the resulting product is a rigid polyethylene
container.
[0007] One method to decrease the permeability of thin polyethylene
films to hydrocarbon fluids involves laminating a poly-vinylidene
chloride onto the polyethylene film. However, such laminates with
sufficient thickness to block permeation of hydrocarbon fluids are
brittle and easily ruptured. Fluorinated polyethylene films are
also resistant to hydrocarbon fluids but large scale production of
such material is impractical and expensive.
[0008] There remains a need therefore for a hydrocarbon fluids
container of the bag-in-a-box-type having a pouch constructed of an
economical and hydrocarbon-resistant polymer material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The hydrocarbon fluids packaging of the invention meets
these and other needs. The invention provides a "bag-in-a-box" type
packaging for hydrocarbon fluids having a flexible, collapsible,
sealable interior bag or pouch which prevents leakage and sweating.
The hydrocarbon fluids packaging further includes a rigid container
formed in a shape, such as a solid rectangle.
[0010] The interior bag or pouch is constructed of a polymer
laminate which is suitable for the packaging of hydrocarbon fluids
which has improved hydrocarbon resistance. The polymer laminate is
particularly suitable for use with automotive fluids, including for
example, motor oils, automatic transmission fluids, brake fluids
and lube oils. In one embodiment, the laminate comprises at least
three layers having outer layers of an alkylene polymer and at
least one inner layer of an oriented nylon polymer. In another
embodiment, the laminate comprises at least three layers having an
inside layer of an alkylene polymer, an outer layer of an oriented
nylon polymer and at least one inner layer of an oriented nylon
polymer or aluminum. In another aspect of the invention, the pouch
is made from a one-ply oriented and cross-linked high density
polyethylene film.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a perspective exterior view of an embodiment of a
hydrocarbon fluids packaging.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an embodiment of a hydrocarbon
fluids packaging.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of a three-ply laminate of
the pouch of one aspect of the invention.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of a three-ply laminate of
the pouch of an alternative aspect of the invention.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of a single ply polymer film
of the pouch of another alternative aspect of the invention.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of a four-ply laminate of the
pouch of an alternative aspect of the invention.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a cross-section of another embodiment of a
hydrocarbon fluids packaging.
[0018] FIG. 8a depicts a perspective exterior view of another
embodiment of a hydrocarbon fluids packaging where the outer flaps
are open.
[0019] FIG. 8b depicts a perspective exterior view of of another
embodiment of a hydrocarbon fluids packaging where the outer flaps
are closed.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The hydrocarbon fluids packaging comprises an exterior box
having sufficient rigidity to support the weight of the packaging
contents as well as to withstand normal shipping and storing
stacking. Disposed within the exterior box is a pouch comprised of
a polymeric film which is resistant to hydrocarbon fluids, thereby
preventing leakage, rupture and sweating. The hydrocarbon fluids
packaging of the invention, provides for a readily portable
hydrocarbon fluids, storage and transfer system. For packaging
hydrocarbon fluids, it is desirable that the package be high in
tensile strength, high in elongation at break, high in puncture
resistance, low in oxygen transmission, low in moisture
transmission, and low in coefficient of friction.
[0021] Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective, exterior view of one
embodiment of a hydrocarbon fluids packaging is shown. The exterior
box 1 is illustrated as a solid rectangle having four side faces 2,
a bottom face 3 and two opposing top flaps 4 and 5 which, when
closed, form a top face 6. These flaps may or may not be
interlocking but should come together to form a closed face. The
exterior box may be in any shape or form as long as it is rigid
enough to contain the pouch inside and be useful for protection of
the pouch containing the hydrocarbon fluid and ease of
transportation (rigid outer box). For example, the exterior box may
be octagon, hexagon, square or rectangular. The exterior box is
preferably rectangle or square for ease of construction and can be
of any size useful for storage of hydrocarbon fluid and be readily
portable. One or both of top flaps 4 and 5 may include an die cut
or punched opening to serve as a hand hold provided the exterior
box is strong enough to withstand handling stresses. In FIG. 1,
only top flap 4 is shown having a handhold opening 7. Although
shown in FIG. 1, a handhold is not necessary for the box and the
box may or may not contain a handhold. If present, handhold is not
limited to the opening shown in FIG. 1 and can be in any shape or
form as long as it can serve as a handhold.
[0022] At least one of side faces 2 includes a valve opening 8.
Each of handhold openings 7 and valve opening 8 may be entirely
removed portions or alternatively, may be cut or punched so as to
leave a flap along a perforation such that the flap may be folded
in or out in order to create the opening.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 8, a perspective, exterior view of another
embodiment of a hydrocarbon fluids packaging is shown. The exterior
box 10 is illustrated as a solid rectangle having four side faces
(panels) 11, a bottom face 17, two opposing inner flaps 13 and 18
which, when closed, form an inner top face 70 and inner flap
interface line (opening line) 16, and two opposing outer flaps 12
and 19 which, when closed, form an outer top face 71. These flaps
may or may not be interlocking but should come together to form a
closed face with the opposing flaps. The flaps 13 and 18, are
adjacent to flaps 12 and 19 when the top face is open. The exterior
box can be rectangle or square of any size useful for storage of
hydrocarbon fluid and be readily portable. One or more side faces
11 may include a die cut or punched opening to serve as a handhold
provided the exterior box is strong enough to withstand handling.
In FIG. 10, no handhold opening is shown. The edge of the inner
flap or outer flaps that meet with the opposing flaps form can be
straight, curved, and/or in angles as long as it is closes to form
the top face and an opening is created that provide ready access
for the pouch.
[0024] One or both of top inner flaps 13 and 18 may include a die
cut or punched opening to serve as opening for a valve 15. In FIG.
8, both inner top flaps 13 and 15 are shown as together having a
valve opening 15. At least one of top outer flaps 12 or 19 may
include a die cut or punched opening to serve as opening for a
valve 14. Each of handhold openings if any and valve openings 14
and 15 may be entirely removed portions or alternatively, may be
cut or punched so as to leave a flap along a perforation such that
the flap may be folded in or out in order to create the opening.
The valve opening 14 and 15 should be aligned in such a way that
when both inner top flap and outer top flaps are closed, they are
aligned to permit the pouch fitment to be inserted through both
valve openings 14 and 15.
[0025] Box 1 and/or 10 may be made from a unitary blank, which, in
its unassembled form, lies flat or substantially flat.
Alternatively, box 1 and/or 10 may be made of several separate
pieces assembled and joined together to achieve the final desired
form or shape. Box 1 and/or 10 may have any enclosed geometry. For
convenience of transportation and storage, either a solid rectangle
or cube may be used. In one aspect of the invention, box 1 has the
dimensions of 11.25 by 9 by 14.25 inches, but it is one exemplary
size that is convenient for a portable hydrocarbon fluid storage
and any similar size that is convenient for a portable hydrocarbon
fluid can be used.
[0026] Materials of construction of box 1 and/or 10 may include
cardboard or other cellulosic, rigid materials or foldable plastic
materials. Cardboard may be corrugated. The box material may be
coated and/or infused with fire-retardant and/or water-proofing
additives. Examples of suitable fire-retardant coatings include,
for example the intumescent coatings disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,934,066, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference. Specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 3,934,066 discloses
intumescent coating compositions which include resinous or
non-resinous carbonifics. Examples of resinous carbonifics include
urea-formaldehyde resin, or resin forming mixtures containing an
amino source such as urea, thiourea, melamine and the like; along
an aliphatic aldehyde (or a source of aldehyde) such as
formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, trioxane or amethylenetetramine,
acetaldehyde and the like. Examples of non-resinous carbonifics
include carbohydrates such as starch, dextrin, sucrose and lactose;
and polyhydroxy compounds such as glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol,
pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and the like. The intumescent
composition may also include a spumific material which assists in
the production of a thick, heat insulating carbonaceous foam.
Examples of spumific compounds include mono- or di-ammonium
phosphate, phosphoric acid, melamine pyrophosphate, ammonium
sulfate, ammonium bromide, sodium tungstate and the like.
Intumescent laminates having a porous sheet material impregnated
with an intumescent coating may also be used.
[0027] Other fire-retardant coatings or additives which are well
known in the art may also be used, such as, for example, salt
solutions. Water-proofing coatings may also be used and are also
well known in the art. For example, wax coatings on cardboard
containers is well known in bulk packaging of fresh fruits and
vegetables. Any fire-retardant or water-proofing coating or
additive appropriate to the material of construction of the box may
be used.
[0028] Referring to FIG. 2, a cross section of an embodiment of a
hydrocarbon fluids packaging 20 is shown. The hydrocarbon fluids
packaging includes an exterior box 1, a pouch 21 disposed within
the box 1. The hydrocarbon fluids packaging further includes a
valve opening 8 through which a fitment 22 is shown protruding. In
another embodiment, fitment 22 can be a quill. The exterior box 1
can be box 10 as shown in FIG. 8. Such hydrocarbon fluids packaging
further includes valve openings 14 and 15 through which a fitment
22 is protruding. The container has a valve or a quill affixed to
the pouch and extending outwardly therefrom.
[0029] Referring to FIG. 7, a cross section of another embodiment
of a hydrocarbon fluids packaging 25 is shown. The hydrocarbon
fluids packaging includes an exterior box 1, a pouch 21 disposed
within the box 1. The hydrocarbon fluids packaging further includes
a valve opening 8 through which a fitment 22 is shown protruding.
In another embodiment, fitment 22 can be a quill. The pouch 21
further includes a filling fitment 23 that is capped once the pouch
is filled with hydrocarbon fluids with a cap 24. Any commercially
available cap that can fit unto the fitment and can be stable when
contacted with the hydrocarbon fluid can be used to cap the pouch
fitment 23. The exterior box 1 can be box 10 as shown in FIG. 8.
Such hydrocarbon fluids packaging further includes valve openings
14 and 15 through which a fitment 22 is protruding. The container
has a valve or a quill affixed to the pouch and extending outwardly
from the valve openings. Any commercially available valve or quill
that can fit unto the fitment to close the pouch fitment 22 can be
used, provided such valve or quill provide the means to take out
the hydrocarbon fluid and as long as they are stable for the
necessary storage time when contacted with the hydrocarbon fluid.
Such valves are available, for example, from Scholle, Luquiabox,
and Tomlinson.
[0030] During transportation and storage of the hydrocarbon fluids
packaging, the fitment may be enclosed along with the pouch within
the box 1 or 10. In such manner, the hydrocarbon fluids packaging
retains its regular and convenient shape during shipping and
storage. For filling the pouch with fluid or for dispensing fluid
from the pouch, the fitment may be passed through valve opening 8
of box 1 thereby making the fitment more easily accessible.
[0031] Pouch 21 can be a polymer laminate having at least three
layers comprising an outside layer of a first polyalkylene, an
inside layer of a second polyalkylene, at least one middle layer
between the outer layer and the inside layer of a first oriented
nylon. The pouch may further have one or more other polymer layers
between the outer layer and inside layer that can be, for example,
another polyalkylene, another nylon, polyethylene terephthalate,
ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyacetate, or aluminum. Pouch 21 can also
be a polymer laminate having at least three layers comprising an
outer layer of a first oriented nylon, an inside layer of a first
polyalkylene, at least one middle layer between the outer layer and
the inside layer of a second oriented nylon or aluminum. The pouch
may further have one or more other polymer layers between the outer
layer and inside layer that can be, for example, another
polyalkylene, another nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene
vinyl alcohol, polyacetate, or aluminum. The inside layer is in
contact with the hydrocarbon fluid when pouch is filled.
[0032] Referring to FIG. 3, a cross section of one embodiment of a
polymer laminate used to construct the pouch 21 is shown. In one
aspect of the invention, the polymer laminate is a three-ply
laminate 30 comprising a first polyalkylene layer 31, an oriented
nylon layer 32, and a second polyalkylene layer 33. The oriented
nylon layer 32 is disposed between the first and second
polyalkylene layers 31 and 33.
[0033] Referring to FIG. 6, a cross section of another embodiment
of a polymer laminate used to construct the pouch 21 is shown. In
one aspect of the invention, the polymer laminate is a four-ply
laminate 60 comprising a first polyalkylene layer 61, an oriented
nylon layer 62, an ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer 63, and a second
polyalkylene layer 64. The oriented nylon layer 62 and ethylene
vinyl alcohol polymer layer 63 are disposed between the first and
second polyalkylene layers 61 and 64.
[0034] Each of the first and second polyalkylene layers 31 an 33
may be made of a polymer selected from the group of cast
polypropylene, linear low density polyethylene, low density
polyethylene, ultra low density polyethylene, high density
polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, oriented
and cross laminated high density polyethylene, a coextrusion of two
different density polyethylenes, and a coextrusion of
ethylene-vinyl alcohol and low-density polyethylene. First and
second polyalkylene layers 31 and 33 may be unoriented, uniaxially
oriented or biaxially oriented. The first and second polyalkylene
layers 31 and 33 may be of the same or different polyalkylene
material. Moreover, either the first or second polyalkylene layers
31 and 33 may be disposed on the interior of the pouch 21.
[0035] The oriented nylon 32 may be any of the various polyamide or
nylon copolymers typically used in the art of making polymeric
films, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 12,
nylon 6,12, amorphous nylons, partially aromatic polyamides, and
copolymers of nylon. The oriented nylon layer may be either
uniaxially or biaxially oriented.
[0036] The outer first and inside second polyalkylene layers, 31
and 33, and oriented nylon layer 32 may be formed into a laminate
using any of a number of known techniques, including application of
heat and/or pressure and bonding adhesives. The thickness of the
polymer laminate 30 is such as to retain flexibility. Generally,
total laminate thickness may be from about 15 microns to about 300
microns. Each of the first and second polyalkylene layers, 31 and
33, may be from about 5 microns to about 225 microns thick. The
oriented nylon layer 32 may be from about 5 microns to about 225
microns. Each of the total laminate and individual layer
thicknesses may be smaller or larger so long as the laminate
retains hydrocarbon resistance and flexibility.
[0037] Other additional layers can be incorporated between the
inside first and our second polyalkylene layers in addition to the
oriented nylon layer 32 or 62 as long as these layers maintain the
flexibility desired and the total polymer laminate thickness for
the pouch. These additional layers can be, for example, another
polyalkylene, another nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene
vinyl alcohol polymer, polyacetate, or aluminum.
[0038] In one aspect of the invention the total laminate thickness
is from about 15 microns to about 260 microns, the first
polyalkylene layer is from about 5 microns to about 225 microns
thick, preferably to about 150 microns thick, the oriented nylon
layer thickness is from about 5 microns to about 225 microns,
preferably to about 150 microns thick, and the second polyalkylene
layer is from about 5 microns to about 225 microns, preferably to
about 150 microns thick.
[0039] The pouch 21 may be folded or formed using methods known to
packaging artisans. Any sealing method providing an inner seal
which is resistant to the hydrocarbon fluids. Generally, seals are
formed by application, followed by removal, of heat and/or pressure
which causes either or both of the polyalkylene layers along the
seam line to melt and rebond so as to form a seal. Alternatively,
the pouch may be sealed by use of appropriate adhesives.
[0040] The pouch 21 contains at least one fitment 22 for filling
and/or dispensing hydrocarbon fluids. The fitment 22 is also
resistant to hydrocarbon fluids and may be made of any of a variety
of suitable materials, including for example, high density
polypropylene. The fitment 22 may be of any a variety of valves
appropriate for the passage of hydrocarbon fluids, including
viscous fluids. In addition the fitment 22 may be suitable for
attaching to pumps or pump hoses. The fitment 22 may be permanently
attached through an opening in the pouch using either the
application of heat an/or pressure or through the use of
appropriate bonding adhesives.
[0041] Referring to FIG. 4, another aspect of the hydrocarbon
fluids packaging, pouch 21 is a three-ply polymer film 40 having a
first layer 41, which is comprised of a first oriented nylon, a
second layer 42, which is made of either a second oriented nylon or
a thin aluminum layer, and a third layer 43 which comprises a
polyalkylene.
[0042] The first and second, if present, oriented nylon layers, 41
and 42, may be any of the various polyamide or nylon copolymers
typically used in the art of making polymeric films, such as nylon
6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6,12, amorphous
nylons, partially aromatic polyamides, and copolymers of nylon. The
oriented nylon layers 41 and 42 may be either uniaxially or
biaxially oriented. The oriented nylon layers 41 and 42 may be of
the same or different nylon material.
[0043] Where a thin aluminum layer is utilized as the second layer
42, the aluminum thickness may be from about 0.00005 to about 0.001
inches thick.
[0044] Polyalkylene layer 43 may be made of a polymer selected from
the group of cast polypropylene, linear low density polyethylene,
low density polyethylene, ultra low density polyethylene, high
density polyethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate,
oriented and cross laminated high density polyethylene, a
coextrusion of two different density polyethylenes, and a
coextrusion of ethylene-vinyl alcohol and low-density
polyethylene.
[0045] In another aspect of the invention, the polymer laminate can
be another four-ply laminate such as 60 in FIG. 6, for example,
comprising a first oriented nylon layer 61, an oriented nylon layer
62, an aluminum layer 63, and a polyalkylene layer 64. The oriented
nylon layer 62 and aluminum layer 63 are disposed between the first
and second polyalkylene layers 61 and 64. The aluminum layer 62 can
be substituted with other polymer layers such as, for example,
another polyalkylene, another nylon, polyethylene terephthalate,
ethylene vinyl alcohol, or polyacetate.
[0046] Other additional layers can be incorporated between the
inside first oriented nylon layer and outer polyalkylene layer in
addition to the oriented nylon layer or aluminum layer 42 or 62 as
long as these layers maintain the flexibility desired and the total
polymer laminate thickness for the pouch. These additional layers
can be, for example, another polyalkylene, another nylon,
polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyacetate, or
aluminum.
[0047] Any of the laminates for use in pouch 21, may be formed into
a laminate using any of a number of known techniques, including
application of heat and/or pressure and bonding adhesives. The
thickness of the polymer laminate is such as to retain
flexibility
[0048] Generally, total laminate thickness may be from about 50
microns to about 300 microns. Each of the first and second
polyalkylene layers, 31 and 33, may be from about 5 microns to
about 225 microns thick, preferably to about 150 microns thick. The
oriented nylon layer 32 may be from about 5 microns to about 225
microns, preferably to about 150 microns thick. Each of the total
laminate and individual layer thicknesses may be smaller or larger
so long as the laminate retains hydrocarbon resistance and
flexibility.
[0049] In one aspect of the invention the total laminate thickness
of polymer laminate 40 is from about 15 microns to about 350
microns, preferably to about 260 microns. The first layer 41 is
from about 5 microns to about 225 microns thick, preferably to
about 150 microns thick, the second layer 42, where that layer is
oriented nylon, is from about 5 microns to about 225 microns,
preferably to about 150 microns thick, the second layer 42, where
that layer is aluminum, is from about 0.00010 to about 0.00070
inches thick, and the third layer 43 is from about 5 microns to
about 225 microns thick, preferably to about 150 microns thick.
[0050] In yet another aspect of the invention, pouch 21 is
constructed of a single layer 50 of oriented and cross-linked high
density polyethylene. The thickness of the single layer 50 may be
from about 50 microns to about 250 microns, preferably to about 200
microns.
[0051] The pouch 21 may be placed inside (disposed) of the box 1 or
10 before filling the pouch with hydrocarbon fluids. Alternatively
the pouch may be filled with the hydrocarbon fluids then placing
the pouch inside of the box.
[0052] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by
way of example in the drawings and herein described in detail. It
should be understood, that the drawings and detailed description
thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular
form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all
modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the
spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the
appended claims. The present invention will be illustrated by the
following illustrative embodiment, which is provided for
illustration only and is not to be construed as limiting the
claimed invention in any way.
EXAMPLE 1
[0053] Shaped and sealed pouches of at least one quart were formed
of a variety of polymer laminates having the structures listed as
(a)-(l) in Table 1. The first listed polymer layer constituted the
exterior layer of the pouch while the last listed polymer
constituted the interior layer of the pouches. The pouches were
formed by heat sealing the exterior layer and each contained a
permanently attached fitment through which they were filled. A
pouch of each type was filled with each of 10W-30 oil and 2-cycle
oil. The pouches were tested pursuant to PBI #5, Rev. 1 (1978) of
the Plastic Bottle Institute. The pouches were examined for weight
loss, stress cracking or rupture, and delamination. Any of (a) a
weight loss of greater than 1/2%, (b) stress cracking or rupture,
or (c) delamination results in a "Failed" rating. The results for
both 10W-30 oil and 2-cycle oil are shown in Table 1. The polymeric
components of the laminates are indicated by the abbreviations
listed in table 2.
1 TABLE 1 Thickness 2 Cycle Film Material: Outside .fwdarw. Inside
of Film 10W-30 Oil a 50 .mu. LLDPE 50 .mu. Failed Failed b 50 .mu.
HDPE 50 .mu. Failed Failed c 38 .mu. PE/15.2 .mu. BON/63.5 .mu. PE
117 .mu. Passed Passed d 12 .mu. PET/15 .mu. BON/125 .mu. LLDPE 152
.mu. Passed Passed e 12 .mu. PET/15 .mu. BON/80 .mu. CPP 107 .mu.
Passed Passed f 12 .mu. PET/15 .mu. BON/125 .mu. 152 .mu. Failed
Failed LLDPE-White g 5 .mu. BON/25 .mu. BON/175 .mu. 205 .mu.
Failed Failed EVOH/LLPE Coextrusion h 25 .mu. BON/25 .mu. BON/150
.mu. LLDPE 200 .mu. Passed Passed i 25 .mu. BON/25 .mu. BON/175
.mu. LLDPE- 200 .mu. Failed Failed LDPE Coextrusion j 60 gauge
BON/0.00035 (see Passed Passed Aluminum/75 .mu. LLDPE previous
column) k 75 .mu. OCLHDPE 75 .mu. Passed Passed l 88 .mu. OCLHDPE
88 .mu. Passed Passed
[0054]
2 TABLE 2 Abbreviation Compound LLDPE Linear low density
polyethylene LDPE Low density polyethylene ULDPE Ultra low density
polyethylene HDPE High density polyethylene PE Polyethylene PET
Polyethylene terephthalate BON Biaxially oriented nylon SBON Silica
coated biaxially oriented nylon CPP Cast polypropylene EVOH
Ethylene vinyl alcohol OCLHPE Oriented and cross laminated high
density polyethylene
EXAMPLE 2
[0055] Three types of individual packages were tested using
Underwriter Laboratories procedure UL SU2019 (the "Pallet Fire
Test"): (1) an untreated cardboard case containing standard high
density polyethylene one quart bottles for passenger car motor oil
("PCMO"); (2) a hydrocarbon fluids container of the invention in
which the outer box is untreated cardboard; and (3) a hydrocarbon
fluids container of the invention in which the outer box is
cardboard having a fire-retardant intumescent laminate coating. The
one quart bottles and the pouches of each hydrocarbon fluids
container were filled with PCMO. The first package, (1) above,
suffered a breach of the one quart bottles at 2 minutes and 30
seconds following lighting of the wick. The second package, (2)
above, suffered a breach of the pouch at 3 minutes, 50 seconds
following lighting of the wick. The third package, (3) above,
incurred no breach of the pouch and the wick self extinguished
twenty-one minutes after lighting.
* * * * *