U.S. patent application number 10/826904 was filed with the patent office on 2004-10-14 for use of derivatives of valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid amides for the treatment of prevention of pain and/or headache disorders.
This patent application is currently assigned to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Bialer, Meir, Shirvan, Mitchell.
Application Number | 20040204495 10/826904 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26920105 |
Filed Date | 2004-10-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040204495 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shirvan, Mitchell ; et
al. |
October 14, 2004 |
Use of derivatives of valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid
amides for the treatment of prevention of pain and/or headache
disorders
Abstract
A method for the treatment or prevention of pain and/or a
headache disorder using a derivative of a valproic acid amide or a
2-valproenic acid amide, as well as pharmaceutical compositions
comprising these derivatives or compounds.
Inventors: |
Shirvan, Mitchell;
(Hertzleya, IL) ; Bialer, Meir; (Jerusalem,
IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
John P. White
Cooper & Dunham LLP
1185 Avenue of the Americas
New York
NY
10036
US
|
Assignee: |
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries,
Ltd.
|
Family ID: |
26920105 |
Appl. No.: |
10/826904 |
Filed: |
April 16, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10826904 |
Apr 16, 2004 |
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09932370 |
Aug 17, 2001 |
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60225973 |
Aug 17, 2000 |
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60225977 |
Aug 17, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/616 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 25/04 20180101;
A61P 29/02 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61P 25/06 20180101; A61P
25/00 20180101; A61K 31/16 20130101; A61K 31/165 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/616 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/16 |
Claims
What is claimed:
1. A method of treating a subject suffering from pain comprising
periodically administering to the subject a therapeutically
effective dose of a compound having the following structure:
12wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently
the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group,
and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and less
than or equal to 3, so as to thereby treat the subject's pain.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a linear chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a branched chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a benzyl, alkylbenzyl, hydroxybenzyl,
alkoxycarbonylbenzyl, aryloxycarbonylbenzyl, carboxybenzyl,
nitrobenzyl, cyanobenzyl, or halobenzyl group.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridinyl,
indolyl, furanyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, alkoxycarbonylphenyl,
aryloxycarbonylphenyl, nitrophenyl, cyanophenyl, halophenyl group,
mercaptophenyl, or aminophenyl group.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pain is acute pain.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pain is chronic pain.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pain is somatogenic pain.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the somatogenic pain is
neuropathic pain.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human
being.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is oral,
parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular,
transdermal, subcutaneous, topical or rectal administration.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by
inhalation, sublingual, nasal, buccal, pulmonary or vaginal
administration.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodic administration is
effected daily.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodic administration is
effected less than or equal to six times a day.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the periodic administration is
effected six times a day.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 6,000 mg.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 500 mg to about 4,000 mg.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the therapeutically-effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about. 3,000 mg.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is about 3,000 mg.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 50 mg to about 500 mg.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has the following
structure: 13
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound is
N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is 3000 mg/day and the pain is neuropathic pain.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound is
N-2(-n-propylpent-2-enoyl)glycinamide.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a linear chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a branched chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl group.
28. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is aralkyl group is a benzyl,
alkylbenzyl, hydroxybenzyl, alkoxycarbonylbenzyl,
aryloxycarbonylbenzyl, carboxybenzyl, nitrobenzyl, cyanobenzyl, or
halobenzyl group.
29. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,
pyridinyl, indolyl, furanyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
alkoxycarbonylphenyl, aryloxycarbonylphenyl, nitrophenyl,
cyanophenyl, halophenyl group, mercaptophenyl, or aminophenyl
group.
30. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is acute pain.
31. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is chronic pain.
32. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is somatogenic
pain.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the somatogenic pain is
neuropathic pain.
34. The method of claim 22, wherein the subject is a human
being.
35. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration oral,
parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular,
transdermal, subcutaneous, topical or rectal administration.
36. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration is by
inhalation, sublingual, nasal, buccal, pulmonary or vaginal
administration.
37. The method of claim 22, wherein the periodic administration is
effected daily.
38. The method of claim 22, wherein the periodic administration is
effected less than or equal to six times a day.
39. The method of claim. 38, wherein the periodic administration is
effected six times a day.
40. The method of claim 22, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 6,000 mg.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 500 mg to about 4,000 mg.
42. The method of claim 40, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 3,000 mg.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is about 3,000 mg.
44. The method of claim 42, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the therapeutically effective
dose is an amount from about 50 mg to about 500 mg.
46. A method of treating a subject suffering from neuropathic pain
comprising administering to the subject 500 mg of
N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)- glycinamide six times per day so as to
thereby treat the subject's neuropathic pain.
47. A method of preventing pain in a subject predisposed to
suffering from pain comprising periodically administering to the
subject a prophylactically effective dose of a compound having the
following structure: 14wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and
R.sub.4 are independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a
linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group,
or an aryl group, and n is an integer which is greater than or
equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby prevent
pain in the subject.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a linear chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group.
49. The method of claim 47, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a branched chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl group.
50. The method of claim 47, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a benzyl, alkylbenzyl,
hydroxybenzyl, alkoxycarbonylbenzyl, aryloxycarbonylbenzyl,
carboxybenzyl, nitrobenzyl, cyanobenzyl, or halobenzyl group.
51. The method of claim 47, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,
pyridinyl, indolyl, furanyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
alkoxycarbonylphenyl, aryloxycarbonylphenyl, nitrophenyl,
cyanophenyl, halophenyl group, mercaptophenyl, or aminophenyl
group.
52. The method of claim 47, wherein the pain is acute pain.
53. The method of claim 47, wherein the pain is chronic pain.
54. The method of claim 47, wherein the pain is somatogenic
pain.
55. The method of claim 54, wherein the somatogenic pain is
neuropathic pain.
56. The method of claim 47, wherein the subject is a human
being.
57. The method of claim 47, wherein the administration is oral,
parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular,
transdermal, subcutaneous, topical or rectal administration.
58. The method of claim 47, wherein the administration is by
inhalation, sublingual, nasal, buccal, pulmonary or vaginal
administration.
59. The method of claim 47, wherein the periodic administration is
effected daily.
60. The method of claim 47, wherein the periodic administration is
effected less than or equal to six times a day.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein the periodic administration is
effected six times a day.
62. The method of claim 47, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 6,000 mg.
63. The method of claim 62, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 500 mg to about 4,000 mg.
64. The method of claim 62, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 3,000 mg.
65. The method of claim 64, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is about 3,000 mg.
66. The method of claim 64, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg.
67. The method of claim 66, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 50 mg to about 500 mg.
68. The method of claim 47, wherein the compound the following
structure: 15
69. The method of claim 68, wherein the compound is
N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide.
70. The method of claim 69, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is 3000 mg/day and the pain is neuropathic pain.
71. The method of claim 68, wherein the compound is
N-2(-n-propylpent-2-enoyl)glycinamide.
72. The method of claim 68, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a linear chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group.
73. The method of claim 68, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a branched chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl group.
74. The method of claim 68, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is aralkyl group is a benzyl,
alkylbenzyl, hydroxybenzyl, alkoxycarbonylbenzyl,
arylokycarbonylbenzyl, carboxybenzyl, nitrobenzyl, cyanobenzyl, or
halobenzyl group.
75. The method of claim 68, wherein one or more of R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 is a phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl,
pyridinyl, indolyl, furanyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
alkoxycarbonylphenyl, aryloxycarbonylphenyl, nitrophenyl,
cyanophenyl, halophenyl group, mercaptophenyl, or aminophenyl
group.
76. The method of claim 68, wherein the pain is acute pain.
77. The method of claim 68, wherein the pain is chronic pain.
78. The method of claim 68, wherein the pain is somatogenic
pain.
79. The method of claim 78, wherein the somatogenic pain is
neuropathic pain.
80. The method of claim 68, wherein the subject is a human
being.
81. The method of claim 68, wherein the administration oral,
parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular,
transdermal, subcutaneous, topical or rectal administration.
82. The method of claim 68, wherein the administration is by
inhalation, sublingual, nasal, buccal, pulmonary or vaginal
administration.
83. The method of claim 68, wherein the periodic administration is
effected daily.
84. The method of claim 68, wherein the periodic administration is
effected less than or equal to six times a day.
85. The method of claim 68, wherein the periodic administration is
effected six times a day.
86. The method of claim 68, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 6,000 mg.
87. The method of claim 86, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 500 mg to about 4,000 mg.
88. The method of claim 86, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 3,000 mg.
89. The method of claim 88, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is about 3,000 mg.
90. The method of claim 88, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 10 mg to about 1,000 mg.
91. The method of claim 90, wherein the prophylactically effective
dose is an amount from about 50 mg to about 500 mg.
92. A method of preventing neuropathic pain in a subject
predisposed to suffering from neuropathic pain comprising
administering to the subject 500 mg of
N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide six times per day so as to
thereby prevent the neuropathic pain in the subject.
93. A method of treating a subject suffering from pain comprising
periodically administering to the subject a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a therapeutically effective dose a compound
having the following structure: 16wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3
and R.sub.4 are independently the same or different and are
hydrogen, a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an
aralkyl group, or an aryl group, and n is an integer which is
greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, so as to thereby treat the
subject's pain.
94. A method of preventing pain in a subject predisposed to
suffering from pain comprising periodically administering to the
subject a composition comprising a prophylactically effective dose
of a compound having the following structure: 17wherein R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently the same or
different and are hydrogen, a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group, and n is an
integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal
to 3, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, so as to thereby
prevent pain in the subject.
95. A method of treating a subject suffering from a headache
disorder comprising periodically administering to the subject a
therapeutically effective dose of a compound having the following
structure: 18wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby treat the headache
disorder.
96. A method of preventing a headache disorder in a subject
predisposed to suffering from a headache disorder comprising
periodically administering to the subject a prophylactically
effective dose of a compound having the following structure:
19wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently
the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group,
and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less
than or equal to 3, so as to thereby prevent the headache disorder
in the subject.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/225,973, filed. Aug. 17, 2000 and U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/225,977, filed Aug. 17, 2000.
[0002] Throughout this application, various references are
referenced by short citations within parenthesis. Full citations
for these references may be found at the end of the specification,
immediately preceding the claims. These references, in their
entireties, are hereby incorporated by reference to more fully
describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Disclosed is a method for the treatment or prevention of
pain and/or headache disorders, such as migraines, using
derivatives of valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid
amides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Pain is considered to play a basic physiological role in the
detection and localization of tissue damage or potentially damaging
physiological processes. Pain has been broadly classified as
somatogenic, where a physiological explanation can be found, or
psychogenic, where the physiological explanation is not known (The
Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy).
[0005] One example of a somatogenic pain is neuropathic pain.
Generally, neuropathic pain is described as a pain which results
from a dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous system
(Tremont-Lukats, I. et al.; Woolf, C. and Mannion, R.). The pain
can be both chronic and acute, and can also be evoked by noxious
stimuli, also referred to as hyperalgesia, or by non-noxious
stimuli referred to as allodynia (Attal, N.). Allodynia and
hyperalgesia can have mechanical causes (dynamic or static), or a
thermal cause. Examples of neuropathic pain include: all the
painful peripheral neuropathies and specifically diabetic
peripheral neuropathy; postherpetic neuralgia; and trigemincal
neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia, for example, is the most common
neuralgic syndrome in the elderly. The initial drug of choice is
carbamazepine. For other types of pain, such as postherpetic
neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy, amitriptyline is most
commonly used. Other types of somatogenic pain that may have
neuropathic components include cancer pain, postoperative pain, low
back pain, complex regional pain syndrome, phantom pain, HIV pain,
arthritis (osteo-arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) pain and
migraines.
[0006] Pain may also be a symptom of headache disorders. Migraines
constitute one of the four major categories of primary headaches
(International Headache Society; Silberstein, S. D. et al.). The
other three types of primary headaches are tension-type, cluster
and a miscellaneous-type (International Headache Society;
Silberstein, S. D. et al.). One current view is that there is a
continuous spectrum of headache severity ranging from mild tension
headaches to severe migraines. Others consider tension headaches
and migraines to be distinct entities.
[0007] Migraines are considered to be a familial disorder
characterized by periodic pulsatile headaches. (Principles of
Neurology). Migraines are found in about 4% of the male population
and 7% of the female population. Migraines can occur in the
presence or absence of an aura. An aura is a complex of focal
neurological symptoms which may precede or accompany a migraine
attack (Silberstein, S. D. et al.). Auras can be characterized by
visual, sensory, or motor phenomenon, and may also involve language
or brainstem disturbances (Silberstein, S. D. et al.).
[0008] A major theory regarding the pain of migraines is that it
stems from a form of sterile neurogenic inflammation (Moskowitz, M.
A. and Cutrer, F. M.). The neurogenic inflammation results in the
leakage of plasma proteins into the dura mater, which can be
quantified by measuring the leakage of radioactive albumin (Suzzi,
M. C. and Moskowitz, M. A.).
[0009] Drugs used in the treatment of headache disorders such as
migraines originate from a broad range of different drug
categories. These include: 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists (5-HT,
agonists); dihydroergotamine; ergotamine; anti-emetics;
anxiolytics; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; steroids;
major-tranquilizers; narcotics; beta-blockers; calcium channel
blockers; anti-depressants; and anti-epileptic drugs. However, not
all of the drugs in these categories are truly effective.
Considering all of the drugs which are effective, there is still a
need for more efficacious drugs, as well as anti-migraine
treatments with less side effects.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,358 describes a series of derivatives of
valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid amides for the treatment
of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. However, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,585,358 does not teach or suggest the use of derivatives of
valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid amides for the
treatment-or prevention of pain or headache disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The subject invention provides a method of treating or
preventing pain and/or a headache disorder in a subject comprising
the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a
derivative of a valproic acid amide or a 2-valproenic acid amide,
to thereby treat or prevent the pain and/or headache disorder. In
addition, the subject invention contains pharmaceutical
compositions comprising these derivatives.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 presents the effects of the administration of VGD
(valproylglycine amide or Compound 1) versus MC (methyl cellulose
or vehicle) in the Chung model of neuropathic pain.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The subject invention provides a method of treating subject
suffering from pain comprising periodically administering to the
subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the
following structure: 1
[0014] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby treat the subject's
pain.
[0015] The subject invention also provides a method of preventing
pain in a subject predisposed to suffering from pain comprising
periodically administering to the subject a prophylactically
effective dose of a compound having the following structure: 2
[0016] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby prevent pain in the
subject.
[0017] In addition, the subject invention provides a method of
treating a subject suffering from a headache disorder comprising
periodically administering to the subject a therapeutically
effective dose of a compound having the following structure: 3
[0018] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby treat the headache
disorder.
[0019] The subject invention further provides a method of
preventing a headache disorder in a subject predisposed to
suffering from a headache disorder comprising periodically
administering to the subject a prophylactically effective dose of a
compound having the following structure: 4
[0020] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4' are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched. C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby prevent the headache
disorder in the subject.
[0021] In one embodiment, the compound has the following structure:
5
[0022] In an additional embodiment, the compound is
N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)-glycinamide and has the structure: 6
[0023] In another embodiment, the compound is
N-(2-n-propylpent-2-enoyl)-g- lycinamide and has the structure:
7
[0024] In one embodiment, the pain is acute. In another embodiment,
the pain is chronic. In a further embodiment, the pain is
somatogenic pain. In a preferred embodiment, the pain is
neuropathic pain.
[0025] The headache disorder may be a migraine.
[0026] The headache disorder may be a cluster headache.
[0027] The headache disorder may be a tension-type headache.
[0028] The headache disorder may be a miscellaneous-type
headache.
[0029] The subject may be a human being.
[0030] In one embodiment, one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.31
or R.sub.4 is a linear chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group. In
another embodiment, one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, or
R.sub.4, is a branched chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group. In yet
another embodiment, one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, or
R.sub.4 is a benzyl, alkylbenzyl, hydroxybenzyl,
alkoxycarbonylbenzyl, aryloxycarbonylbenzyl, carboxybenzyl,
nitrobenzyl, cyanobenzyl, or halobenzyl group. In still another
embodiment, one or more of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, or R.sub.4 is
a phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridinyl, indolyl, furanyl,
alkylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, alkoxycarbonylphenyl,
aryloxycarbonylphenyl, nitrophenyl, cyanophenyl, halophenyl group,
mercaptophenyl, or aminophenyl group.
[0031] The subject invention also provides a method of treating a
subject suffering from neuropathic pain comprising administering to
the subject 500 mg of N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide six times
per day so as to thereby treat the subject's neuropathic pain.
[0032] In addition, the subject invention provides a method of
preventing neuropathic pain in a subject predisposed to suffering
from neuropathic pain comprising administering to the subject 500
mg of N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide six times per day so as to
thereby prevent neuropathic pain in the subject.
[0033] Some of the compounds used in this invention possess chiral
centers. It is a further embodiment of this invention that these
compounds may comprise substantially pure D or L enantiomers or
racemic mixtures. It is to be understood that compounds of this
invention may be of the E-(trans) or Z-(cis) geometric
configuration, or a mixture thereof.
[0034] In the practice of the invention, the amount of the compound
incorporated in the pharmaceutical composition may vary widely.
Factors considered when determining the precise dose are well known
to those skilled in the art. Examples of such factors include, but
are not limited to, the subject being treated and the specific
pharmaceutical carrier, as well as the route and frequency of
administration.
[0035] A therapeutically effective dose of the compound may
comprise about 10 to about 6,000 mg of the active ingredient. In
one embodiment, the therapeutically effective dose comprises about
10 to about 3,000 mg. In another embodiment, the therapeutically
effective dose comprises about 10 to about 2,000 mg. In a preferred
embodiment, the therapeutically effective dose comprises about 10
to about 1,000 mg of the active ingredient. In another embodiment,
the therapeutically effective dose comprises about 50 mg to about
500 mg. In a further embodiment, the therapeutically effective dose
comprises about 500 to about 4000 mg. In another embodiment, the
therapeutically effective dose comprises about 1000 to about 3000
mg. In yet another embodiment, the therapeutically effective dose
comprises about 2000 to about 3000 mg. In a preferred embodiment,
the therapeutically effective dose comprises about 3000 mg.
[0036] A prophylactically effective dose of the compound may
comprise about 10 to about 6,000 mg of the active ingredient. In
one embodiment, the prophylactically effective dose comprises about
10 to about 3,000 mg. In another embodiment, the prophylactically
effective dose comprises about 10 to about 2,000 mg. In a preferred
embodiment, the prophylactically effective dose comprises about 10
to about 1,000 mg of the active ingredient. In another embodiment,
the prophylactically effective dose comprises about 50 mg to about
500 mg. In a further embodiment, the prophylactically effective
dose comprises about 500 to about 4000 mg. In another embodiment,
the prophylactically effective dose comprises about 1000 to about
3000 mg. In yet another embodiment, the prophylactically effective
dose comprises about 2000 to about 3000 mg. In a preferred
embodiment, the prophylactically effective dose comprises about
3000 mg.
[0037] The administration of the compound may be effected once
daily or up to 6 times per day. Thus, in one embodiment, the
administration of the compound may be effected twice a day. In
another embodiment, the administration of the compound may be
effected 3 times a day. In a further embodiment, the administration
of the compound may be effected 4 times a day. In yet another
embodiment, the administration of the compound may be effected 5
times a day. In an added embodiment, the administration of the
compound may be effected 6 times a day.
[0038] The subject invention also provides a method of treating a
subject suffering from pain comprising periodically administering
to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of composition
comprising a compound having the following structure: 8
[0039] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby treat the subject's
pain.
[0040] Additionally, the subject invention provides a method of
preventing pain in a subject predisposed to suffering from pain
comprising periodically administering to the subject a
prophylactically effective dose of composition comprising a
compound having the following structure: 9
[0041] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
independently the same or different and are hydrogen, a linear or
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl
group, and n is an integer which is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 3, so as to thereby prevent pain in the
subject.
[0042] The subject invention also provides compounds containing a
valproic acid moiety or a 2-valproenic acid moiety, as well as
pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds.
[0043] The subject invention further provides a pharmaceutical
composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier. As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier" encompasses any of the standard
pharmaceutically accepted carriers, such as a phosphate-buffered
saline solution, water, suspensions, powders, emulsions such as an
oil/water emulsion or a triglyceride emulsion, various types of
wetting agents, tablets, coated tablets, dissolvable tablets and
capsules. An example of an acceptable triglyceride emulsion useful
in the intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of the
compounds is the triglyceride emulsion commercially known as
Intralipid.RTM..
[0044] Typically, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers contain
excipients such as starch, milk, sugar, certain types of clay,
gelatin, stearic acid, talc, vegetable fats or oils, gums, glycols,
or other known excipients. These carriers may also include flavor
and color additives or other ingredients.
[0045] In the practice of the invention, the administration of the
pharmaceutical composition may be effected by any of the well known
methods including, but not limited to, by inhalation, rectal, oral,
intravenous, intraperitoneal, parenteral, intramuscular,
transdermal, subcutaneous, sublingual, nasal, buccal, pulmonary,
vaginal or topical administration.
[0046] Topical administration can be effected by any method
commonly known to those skilled in the art. These methods include,
but are not limited to, incorporation of the pharmaceutical
composition into creams, gels, ointments, transdermal patches or
other topical formulations and delivery systems.
[0047] When the compound is introduced orally, it may be mixed with
other food forms and consumed in solid, semi-solid, suspension or
emulsion form. The compound may be administered as sprinkles. In
one embodiment, the oral composition may be enterically-coated. Use
of enteric coatings are well known in the art. Commonly known
enteric coatings include Eudragit S and Eudragit L (Lehman, K.,
1971; Lehman, K. 1973; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,
2.sup.nd ed.).
[0048] The invention encompasses a pharmaceutical composition as
hereinabove described wherein the carrier is a solid and the
composition is a tablet. The invention also encompasses a
pharmaceutical composition as hereinabove described wherein the
carrier is a gel and the composition is a suppository. The
invention further encompasses a pharmaceutical composition as
hereinabove described wherein the carrier is a liquid and the
composition is a solution.
[0049] The following Experimental Details are set forth to aid in
an understanding of the invention, and are not intended, and should
not be construed, to limit in any way the invention set forth in
the claims which follow thereafter.
Experimental Details
[0050] I. Synthesis of Compounds
[0051] Compound 1 N-(2-n-propylpentanoyl)glycinamide 10
[0052] Compound 1 was prepared as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No.
5,585,358.
[0053] Compound 2 N-(2-n-propylpent-2-enoyl)glycinamide 11
[0054] Compound 2 was prepared as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No.
5,585,358.
[0055] II. Experimental Examples
EXAMPLE 1
[0056] The anti-pain effects of Compounds 1 and 2 are evaluated in
a model for traumatic nerve injury. The specific model is the rat
constriction injury model, a commonly accepted model for the
evaluation of the potential of a compound to treat chronic
neuropathic pain. The end point is whether a compound can reverse
cold allodynia in rats following a neuropathic injury. MC may be
used as the control.
[0057] Results
[0058] Compounds 1 and 2 reverse cold allodynia in the chronic
constriction injury model of neuropathic pain with ED.sub.50 values
of less than 500 mg/kg. The effective dose is below that which has
been previously found to be the median ataxic dose (also referred
to as the minimal neurotoxic dose). MC may be used as the
control.
[0059] Discussion
[0060] The results indicate that Compounds 1 and 2 are effective
for the treatment of pain. Thus, the disclosed valproic acid amides
and 2-valproenic acid amides are effective for the treatment or
prevention of pain, including neuropathic pain.
EXAMPLE 2
[0061] The potential of Compound 1 to serve as an anti-pain agent
was studied in the Chung model (Kim, S. H. and Chung, J. M.). This
model is known as a reliable model, predictive for human pain.
(Kim, S. H. and Chung, J. M.). In this model, spinal nerves L5 and
L6 of the rat are tightly ligated and cut in order to induce
neuropathic pain. Male Sabra rats weighing 250-275 g were used
throughout the study. Under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia, both the
L5 and L6 spinal nerves of one side of the rat were tightly ligated
and cut. Pain behavior was measured following operation in all
groups using withdrawal latencies of the hind paw to mechanical
stimulation with von Frey filaments (tactile allodynia). The
mechanical sensitivity of the foot was quantified by the occurrence
of foot withdrawal in response to normally innocuous mechanical
stimuli. Eight different von Frey filaments ranging from 0.6 to 26
g were used.
[0062] The efficacy (antiallodynic effect) of the compound was
evaluated (300 mg/kg, per os (oral)) in eight rats at days 7 and 14
postoperation in a double-blind randomized crossover manner. The
testing included estimation of time of peak effect following drug
administration and measurement of the ability of the compound to
decrease tactile allodynia.
[0063] Results
[0064] The compound reversed tactile allodynia in the Chung model
in comparison to vehicle (MC-methyl cellulose). It was found that
the compound reversed the tactile allodynia and therefore, the hind
paw withdrawal occurred at higher thresholds. The time of peak
effect was 60 minutes. At a statistically significant level, the
compound prevented tactile allodynia when compared to vehicle 60
minutes (p=0.0207) and 120 minutes (p=0.0102) following drug
administration (Mann-Whitney test). The results are shown in FIG.
1.
[0065] Discussion
[0066] The results demonstrated that Compound 1 is effective for
the treatment of pain. Thus, the disclosed valproic acid amides are
effective for the treatment or prevention of pain, including
neuropathic pain.
EXAMPLE 3
[0067] Evaluation of the anti-headache effects of Compounds 1 and 2
are followed in the migraine model of Moskowitz (Suzzi, M. C. and
Moskowitz, M. A.). In this model, neurogenic inflammation results
in the leakage of plasma-proteins into the dura matter (plasma
protein extravasation), which can be quantified by measuring the
leakage of radioactive albumin (Suzzi, M. C. and Moskowitz, M.
A.).
[0068] Results
[0069] The results of the experiment employing Compounds 1 and 2
separately are displayed in Table 1. Individually, Compounds 1 and
2 inhibit plasma protein extravasation as compared to the control
group (Table 1).
1TABLE 1 Inhibition of Plasma Protein Extravasation by Compounds 1
and 2 Control Compound 1 Compound 2 Percent 100 <100 <100
Extravasation Compared to Control
[0070] Discussion
[0071] The Moskowitz model, which is a well-accepted model of
migraines (Suzzi, M. C. and Moskowitz, M. A.), shows that Compounds
1 and 2 inhibit plasma protein extravasation. Thus, the disclosed
valproic acid amides and 2-valproenic acid amides are effective for
the treatment or prevention of headache disorders, such as
migraines.
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