U.S. patent application number 10/406629 was filed with the patent office on 2004-10-07 for adjustable leg system.
This patent application is currently assigned to International Retail Services Group, LLC. Invention is credited to Waner, John A..
Application Number | 20040194678 10/406629 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33097349 |
Filed Date | 2004-10-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040194678 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Waner, John A. |
October 7, 2004 |
Adjustable leg system
Abstract
Telescoping legs having outer and inner leg members increases
stability of an adjustable worktable. The outer leg member has a
tubular cross section of a geometric shape to accommodate the cross
section of the inner leg member so that the inner leg member fits
into the outer leg member. The assembly includes one or more sets
of one or more protrusions inwardly projecting from the interior
surface of the outer leg member to guide the inner leg member into
the outer leg member. In their locations, the protrusions serve to
further minimize the gap between the outer leg member and the inner
leg member of the telescoping leg assemblies, thereby further
improving the stability of the adjustable table. The protrusions
are made by crimping, forming, additional hardware, or through
other procedures.
Inventors: |
Waner, John A.; (Kirkland,
WA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DAVIS WRIGHT TREMAINE, LLP
2600 CENTURY SQUARE
1501 FOURTH AVENUE
SEATTLE
WA
98101-1688
US
|
Assignee: |
International Retail Services
Group, LLC
Woodinville
WA
|
Family ID: |
33097349 |
Appl. No.: |
10/406629 |
Filed: |
April 2, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/147.21 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47B 9/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
108/147.21 |
International
Class: |
A47B 009/20 |
Claims
1. A worktable or the like of the type having a plurality of
generally upright support legs wherein a leg comprises: a first
member comprised of tubing having an inner surface having a regular
geometric cross-sectional shape to form an outer leg member; a
second member comprising an elongated member having an outer wall
having the same geometric cross-sectional shape and of a size
smaller than that of the inner surface of the first member to form
an inner leg member, and wherein the second member is receivable
within the first member to form a telescoping leg structure;
wherein the inner surface of the outer leg member includes a pair
of longitudinally spaced portions which project inwardly to closely
receive the outer wall of the inner leg member to guide its
longitudinal movements within the outer leg member.
2. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
longitudinally spaced portions comprise projections which project
inwardly around substantially the entire interior surface of the
outer leg member.
3. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
longitudinally spaced portions comprise projections which project
inwardly around a portion of the entire interior surface of the
outer leg member.
4. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 3: wherein
the-first member comprises malleable metal tubing having a
rectangular cross-section to form an outer leg member; and wherein
the second member has a rectangular outer cross-sectional shape to
form a rectangular inner leg member; and wherein the projections on
the interior surface of the outer leg member are formed by crimping
the lateral walls of the malleable tubing so that the inner surface
of the outer leg member closely receives the inner leg.
5. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 4: wherein all four
lateral walls of the outer malleable tubing leg member are crimped
at a plurality of vertically spaced intervals to form projections
which project inwardly around substantially the entire interior
surface of the outer leg member to cause the inner surface of the
outer leg member to closely receive the inner leg member and to
space the outer walls of the inner leg member substantially
uniformly from the inner walls of the outer leg member and to hold
the inner leg member in alignment with the outer leg member.
6. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 1, further
comprising a releasable latch mechanism for securing the second
member to the first member to prevent relative movement and to
permit adjustment of the length of the leg structure.
7. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 4: wherein the
outer leg member has a hole through its wall; wherein the
releasable latch mechanism comprise a transverse pin mounted on the
outer leg member for transverse movement through the hole in the
wall of the outer leg member and a biasing mechanism for urging the
pin inwardly; and wherein the inner leg member includes a plurality
of vertically aligned holes for receiving the latch mechanism pin
in order to permit the length of the leg structure to be
selectively adjusted.
8. A worktable or the like, of the type having a plurality of
generally upright support legs wherein a leg comprises: a first
member forming an outer leg member comprised of malleable metal
tubing having an inner surface having a regular geometric
cross-sectional shape with at least one substantially flat wall; a
second member forming an inner leg member having an outer wall
having the same geometric cross-sectional shape and of a size
smaller than that of the inner surface of the outer leg member with
at least one substantially flat wall in juxtaposition with the flat
wall of the outer tubing, and wherein the inner leg member is
receivable within the outer leg member to form a telescoping leg
structure; wherein the inner surface of the outer leg member
includes a pair of longitudinally spaced portions which are formed
by crimping the lateral walls of the malleable tubing so that the
inner surface of outer leg closely receives the inner leg to space
the outer walls of the inner leg substantially uniformly from the
inner walls of the outer leg and to hold the inner leg member in
alignment with the outer leg member; further comprising a
releasable latch mechanism for securing the inner leg to the outer
leg to prevent relative movement and to permit adjustment of the
height of the length of the leg structure; wherein the outer leg
member has a hole through its wall; wherein the releasable latch
mechanism comprises a transverse pin mounted on the outer leg
member for transverse movement through the hole in the wall of the
outer leg member intermediate to the two crimped portions; and a
biasing mechanism for urging the pin inwardly; and wherein the
inner leg member includes a plurality of vertically aligned holes
for receiving the latch mechanism pin in order to permit the length
of the leg structure to be selectively adjusted and to further
secure the inner leg within the outer leg.
9. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 8, wherein the legs
are rectangular in cross-section.
10. A worktable or the like, as claimed in claim 9, wherein the
inner and outer leg members are of rectangular metal tubing.
11. For a portion of an article of furniture, a plurality of
adjustable legs, each of the adjustable legs comprising: a first
longitudinal member having first and second ends and a length
therebetween, the first end configured for attachment to the
portion of the article of furniture, from the second end along at
least part of the length the first longitudinal member being hollow
having an interior being accessible through the second end, the
interior having an interior surface, an interior longitudinal
length and an interior cross-sectional profile taken perpendicular
to the interior longitudinal length, the interior cross-sectional
profile having a cross-sectional area dependant upon position from
the second end along the interior longitudinal length, the
cross-sectional area for one or more first sections of the interior
being greater than the cross-sectional area for one or more second
sections of the interior, the one or more first sections of the
interior having a combined longitudinal length greater than 95% of
the interior longitudinal length; and a second longitudinal member
with first and second ends and a longitudinal length and a
cross-sectional profile taken perpendicular to the longitudinal
length along at least a portion of the longitudinal length from the
first end, the cross-sectional profile having a cross-sectional
area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the one or more
second sections of the interior of the first longitudinal
member.
12. The adjustable legs of claim 11 wherein the first longitudinal
member has the one or more first sections of the interior with a
combined longitudinal length greater than 98% of the interior
longitudinal length.
13. The adjustable legs of claim 11 wherein the first longitudinal
member has the one or more first sections of the interior with a
combined longitudinal length greater than 99% of the interior
longitudinal length.
14. For a table, a plurality of adjustable legs, each of the
adjustable legs comprising: an outer leg member having a length and
an open end, the outer leg member being hollow along at least a
portion of the length from the open end having an interior
accessible through the open end, the interior having interior walls
each having a surface, the interior walls having a total surface
area and having protrusions extending from one or more of the
interior wall surfaces into the interior, the protrusions extending
from less than ten percent of the total surface area of the
interior walls; and an inner leg member having a length and a
cross-sectional profile taken perpendicular to the length along at
least a portion of the length, the cross-sectional profile shaped
to fit into the open end of the outer leg member and into the
interior of the outer leg member including areas of the interior
having the protrusions.
15. The adjustable legs of claim 14 wherein the outer leg member
has the protrusions extending from less than five percent of the
total surface area of the interior walls.
16. The adjustable legs of claim 14 wherein the outer leg member
has the protrusions extending from less than two percent of the
total surface area of the interior walls.
17. The adjustable legs of claim 14 wherein the outer leg member
has the protrusions extending from less than one percent of the
total surface area of the interior walls.
18. For an article of furniture, an adjustable leg comprising: an
inner leg member having a length, one or more external walls with
external surfaces, and protrusions extending from the external wall
surfaces, the protrusions extending from less than ten percent of
the total surface area of the external wall surfaces; and an outer
leg member having a length and an open end, the outer leg member
being hollow along at least a portion of the length from the open
end having an interior accessible through the open end, the
interior having a cross-sectional profile taken perpendicular to
the length along at least a portion of the length, the
cross-sectional profile shaped to receive the inner leg member
including the protrusions of the inner leg member.
19. The adjustable leg of claim 18 wherein the inner leg member has
the protrusions extending from less than five percent of the total
surface area of the external wall surfaces.
20. The adjustable leg of claim 18 wherein the inner leg member has
the protrusions extending from less than two percent of the total
surface area of the external wall surfaces.
21. The adjustable leg of claim 18 wherein the inner leg member has
the protrusions extending from less than one percent of the total
surface area of the external wall surfaces.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates generally to adjustable worktables,
and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for guiding a
telescoping table leg during the height adjustment process, and
providing further stabilization to the leg assembly.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] There are various methods with which to adjust the vertical
height of a table. One such method is through the use of
telescoping legs. When telescoping legs are used, each table leg
usually consists of an outer leg member and an inner leg member,
with the outer leg member having a slightly larger cross section
than the inner leg member, thereby allowing the inner leg member to
move longitudinally either up or down within the inner wall of the
outer leg member, in order to obtain the desired table height.
[0005] The problem encountered with the use of telescoping legs
however, is that the stability of the table can be compromised when
there is too much of a gap between the inner wall of the outer leg
member and the outer wall of the inner leg member of each
telescoping leg assembly. In addition, when the smaller inner leg
member is inserted into the inner wall of the larger outer leg
member, the two leg members are often difficult to align. Many
times, the sliding action of the inner leg member will encounter
greater friction due to burrs or other obstacles residing on the
inner surface of the outer leg member. When the outer surface of
the inner leg member comes into contact with such an obstacle, its
ability to slide within the outer leg member is not only hindered,
but sometimes jams and remains stuck in a misaligned position.
Pulling the two members apart after such an occurrence requires
great force, and upon final release, the resulting breakaway force
can cause hand and other injuries.
[0006] Thus, an adjustable table with an improved design to
increase stability and guide the inner leg member into the outer
leg member of a telescoping leg assembly is desired.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention resides in an adjustable leg system.
Embodiments include a worktable or the like of the type having a
plurality of generally upright support legs. Each leg includes
first and second members. The first member has a tubing with an
inner surface having a regular geometric cross-sectional shape to
form an outer leg member. The second member has an elongated member
with an outer wall having the same geometric cross-sectional shape
and of a size smaller than that of the inner surface of the first
member to form an inner leg member. The second member is receivable
within the first member to form a telescoping leg structure. The
inner surface of the outer leg member includes a pair of
longitudinally spaced portions which project inwardly to closely
receive the outer wall of the inner leg member to guide its
longitudinal movements within the outer leg member.
[0008] Other embodiments include for a portion of an article of
furniture, a plurality of adjustable legs, each of the adjustable
legs includes a first longitudinal member and a second longitudinal
member. The first longitudinal member has first and second ends and
a length therebetween. The first end is configured for attachment
to the portion of the article of furniture. From the second end
along at least part of the length, the first longitudinal member is
hollow having an interior being accessible through the second end.
The interior of the first longitudinal member has an interior
surface, an interior longitudinal length and an interior
cross-sectional profile taken perpendicular to the interior
longitudinal length. The interior cross-sectional profile has a
cross-sectional area dependant upon position from the second end
along the interior longitudinal length. The cross-sectional area
for one or more first sections of the interior is greater than the
cross-sectional area for one or more second sections of the
interior. The one or more first sections of the interior has a
combined longitudinal length greater than 95% of the interior
longitudinal length. The second longitudinal member has first and
second ends and a longitudinal length and a cross-sectional profile
taken perpendicular to the longitudinal length along at least a
portion of the longitudinal length from the first end. The
cross-sectional profile has a cross-sectional area smaller than the
cross-sectional area of the one or more second sections of the
interior of the first longitudinal member.
[0009] Other features and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary implementation
of an adjustable worktable with telescoping leg assembly.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a cross section of one of the telescoping leg
assemblies of the adjustable worktable shown in FIG. 1 taken along
the line 2-2.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a cross section of one of the telescoping leg
assemblies of the adjustable worktable shown in FIG. 1 taken along
the line 3-3.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a elevational side view of the adjustable
worktable shown in FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the plunger
assembly shown in FIG. 4.
[0015] FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the inner leg member of the
adjustable worktable shown in FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] An apparatus is provided for increasing the stability of an
adjustable worktable having telescoping legs. The apparatus also
serves to guide the inner leg member of each telescoping leg
assembly into the outer leg member of the assembly. The outer leg
member is hollow with an interior cross-sectional profile generally
to accommodate insertion of the inner leg member into the outer leg
member while leaving a general gap between the outer and inner leg
members to address conventional problems such as binding between
the outer and inner leg members.
[0017] The apparatus provides one or more projections or
protrusions located on the inner surface of the outer leg member to
reduce the interior cross-sectional profile of the outer leg member
at these protrusion locations such that the general gap between the
outer and inner leg members is reduced to provide guidance for
movement of the inner leg member inside the outer leg member during
table height adjustment and stability between the leg members once
a desired height has been secured. Methods for producing the
protrusions on the inner surface of the outer leg member include
crimping the outer surface of the outer leg member inwardly,
inserting a sleeve to the inner surface of the outer leg member,
and molding the outer leg member.
[0018] Accordingly, a worktable or the like has telescoping leg
assemblies for table height adjustment. The telescoping leg
assemblies include an outer leg member and an inner leg member,
which telescope relative to each other. In particular, the design
improves the guidance for movement of the inner leg member of each
telescoping leg within the outer leg member, and provides greater
overall stability to the worktable once each telescoping leg
assembly is adjusted to its desired height, as described in detail
below. In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth, such as example configurations, etc., to provide an
understanding of the invention. One skilled in the art will readily
recognize that the invention can be practiced without one or more
of the specific details, or may be practiced to adjust the height
of other tables, workbenches, or the like. Well-known structures or
operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring
aspects of the invention.
[0019] An exemplary implementation of the telescoping leg assembly
as incorporated into an adjustable worktable 10 having telescoping
legs 12 is shown in FIG. 1. In this exemplary implementation, the
telescoping legs 12 are made of malleable metal tubing, rectangular
in shape, but in other implementations can be formed in other
geometric shapes using other materials such as hard plastic or a
composite. Each of the telescoping legs 12 are comprised of a
hollow outer leg member 14 separate from an inner leg member 16
that can be either solid or hollow. The outer leg member 14 has a
slightly larger interior cross section of its hollow area than the
overall cross section of the inner leg member 16 to allow the inner
leg member to move inside the interior of the outer leg member.
[0020] For the exemplary implementation, each of the four exterior
longitudinal surfaces of each of the outer leg members 14 has two
indentations 17 all equally spaced and positioned to form two sets
17' of indentations per outer leg member. Each set 17' of
indentations 17 result in the forming of a corresponding set 18' of
four inward protrusions 18 on the interior surface of each of the
outer leg members 14.
[0021] FIG. 2 depicts a cross section of one of the telescoping
legs 12 shown in FIG. 1 along the line 2-2 having the inner leg
member 16 inserted into the outer leg member 14 to form the
telescoping leg showing two opposite facing of the protrusions 18
for each of the two sets 18' of protrusions and the related two of
the indentations 17 for each of the two corresponding sets 17' of
indentations. The inward protrusions 18 provide guidance and
stability for the inner leg member 16 in its sliding/telescoping
action within the outer leg member 14. Although the exemplary
implementation used a crimping procedure to form the indentations
17, which result in the protrusions 18, other implementations can
form the protrusions in other ways such as through a molding
procedure in which the indentations 17 are not formed and as a
result are not present. Also, the exemplary implementation had four
of the protrusions 18 for each of the sets 18' of protrusions used.
In other implementations, fewer or greater numbers of protrusions
are possible for each set 18' of protrusions such as one, two,
three, or more protrusions per set depending upon the geometries
involved. In a particular set 18', the protrusions 18 can be
continuous with one another to form a protruding region or can be
distinctly shaped to appear as a series of protrusions.
[0022] Generally, an implementation will have at least one location
on the outer leg member 14 where the interior cross sectional area
of the outer leg member is decreased over a relatively short
longitudinal length of the outer leg member, which is specifically
exemplified by each of the sets 18' of protrusions. This decrease
in interior cross sectional area of the outer leg member 14 for the
relatively short longitudinal length can be accomplish in a variety
of ways other than the depicted implementation such as forming (as
discussed), welding, or additional hardware affixed to interior
surfaces of the outer leg member. For instance, some
implementations use a sleeve placed in the interior surface of the
outer leg member 14.
[0023] Regardless of the manner in which the inward projection of
the protrusions 18 is achieved, although in the depicted embodiment
the protrusions project inwardly around the entire inner
circumference of sections of the interior surface of the outer leg
member 14, in other implementations the protrusions do not extend
around the entire circumference of interior surface sections, but
instead are placed on portions of the interior surface sections.
The relatively short longitudinal length for a location of decrease
in interior cross sectional area is typically on the order of less
than five percent of the total longitudinal length of the outer leg
member, and could be on the order of two percent, one percent or
less, and in other cases more than the five percent, such as ten
percent, but typically does not exceed a substantial portion of the
longitudinal length of the outer leg member to avoid problems of
the prior art such as binding. As mentioned the protrusions 18 in
particular and more generally the reduction of the interior
cross-sectional area of the outer leg member over one or more
relatively short longitudinal lengths of the outer leg member
improves the stability of each leg and the overall stability of the
worktable 10 once the position of the telescoping legs 12 is
set.
[0024] As stated, the protrusions 18 project inwardly to
effectively reduce the interior cross section of the outer leg
member 14. In the depicted implementation, the protrusions 18
project inwardly around substantially the entire circumference of a
portion of the inner surface of the outer leg member 14, so that
the inner leg member 16 is closely received within the outer leg
member 14. One way of achieving this result is by crimping the
outer surface of the outer leg member 14 inwardly.
[0025] From this cross sectional view, it can be seen that once the
inner leg member 16 is inserted into the outer leg member 14, there
is a small gap 26 between the inner wall 22 of the outer leg member
14 and the outer wall 24 of the inner leg member 16. However, in
each location where one of the protrusions 18 exists, the gap 26 is
further reduced. By further reducing the gap 26, the protrusions 18
serve to more securely retain and better stabilize the inner leg
member 16 inside the outer leg member 14. An equally important
advantage served by the protrusions 18, is that the inner leg
member 16 is better guided into the outer leg member 14 during the
assembly and adjustment process. As is further discussed below,
this guidance function is an important aspect of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 3 shows a cross section of one of the telescoping legs
12 shown in FIG. 1 along the 3-3 line in which the telescoping leg
has a rectangular cross-sectional profile. As discussed above, the
telescoping leg 12 can have a cross-sectional profile of any
geometric shape. Furthermore, the depicted implementation shows two
sets 18' of protrusions 18 for each telescoping leg 12, the sets
being spaced six to seven inches apart. It has been found that for
a typical worktable with a working surface thirty-five to forty-two
inches above the floor, a total of two sets 18' of protrusions 18
will provide improved stability. Other implementations of the
telescoping leg 12 use other spacing between sets 18' of
protrusions 18 or other numbers of sets. In one implementation, for
each of the telescoping legs 12, a first of the sets 18' of the
protrusions 18 is located one and a half to three inches from the
bottom of the outer leg member 14, and a second of the sets of
protrusions is located six to seven inches further up from the
first set. The use of protrusions 18 are applied in other
implementations to other adjustable tables or other furniture such
as adjustable chairs or benches having higher or lower heights and
if additional stability is desired additional sets 18' of the
protrusions can be used.
[0027] To lock-in the height of the adjustable worktable, the
depicted implementation also has a plunger assembly or releasable
latch mechanism 28 mounted to the outer leg member 14, as shown in
FIG. 4. This plunger assembly 28 is used to secure the inner leg
member 16 to the outer leg member 14. As shown in FIG. 5, the
plunger assembly 28 is comprised of a ring 30, a spring or biasing
member 32, and a shaft or transverse pin 34. When the plunger
assembly 28 is in a static position, the shaft 34 is in a
permanently extended position. However, when the ring 30 of the
plunger assembly 28 is pulled in a direction opposing the shaft 34,
the spring 32 causes the shaft 34 to retract.
[0028] The plunger assembly 28 is mounted to the outer leg member
16 and, for greater table stability, is preferably positioned
between the two sets 18' of protrusions 18 on each outer leg member
shown in FIG. 4. Each of the inner leg members 16, as shown for one
inner leg member in FIG. 6, has a series of holes or indentations
36 running along the longitudinal axis. To adjust the height of the
worktable, the plunger ring 30 is pulled to retract the shaft 34,
allowing the inner leg member 16 to be guided by the protrusions 18
into the outer leg member 14. With the ring 30 still pulled, the
inner leg member 16 is free to vertically move upwardly or
downwardly into the outer leg member 14. When the desired table
height is determined, the holes or indentions 36 are aligned on the
inner leg member 16 with the plunger assembly 28. Once this is done
and the ring 30 is released, the shaft 34 will extend into the hole
or indention 36 of the inner leg member 16. This insertion of the
shaft 34 into the hole or indention 36, together with the inwardly
projecting segments 18, will firmly stabilize and secure each of
the telescoping legs 12. Once each of the telescoping legs 12 is
adjusted and secured in such a manner, the overall process will
result in an adjustable table 10 which is firmly stabilized and
supported at the desired height.
[0029] In addition to enhancing the stabilization of the worktable,
the protrusions 18 also serve to guide the inner leg member 16 into
the outer leg member 14. This enhanced guidance is of great value
during table assembly and height adjustment. When the plunger
assembly 28 is welded to the outer leg member 14, a welding bead is
formed on the inner surface of the outer leg member. Without the
use of the protrusions 18 to guide the insertion of the inner leg
member 16 into the outer leg member 14, the welding bead on the
inner surface of the outer leg member often causes the inner leg
member to catch or resist assembly into the outer leg member.
Further, the lack of guidance provided by the protrusions 18 often
causes the inner leg member 16 to enter askew and as a result of
the beading on the inner surface, creates a situation where the
misaligned entry of the inner leg member remains stuck in the
misaligned position. When this occurs, a large amount of opposing
force is required to pull the outer leg member 14 apart from the
inner leg member 16. The resulting breakaway force is equally large
and can cause hand injury or other unexpected results, such as a
loss of balance or elbow injury to the person applying the
force.
[0030] The weld bead reviewed above is just one such obstacle that
can make inserting the inner leg member 16 into the outer leg
member 14 difficult. Often times, the inner surface of the outer
leg member 14 will contain rough spots that increase the sliding
friction which results when the inner leg assembly 16 is inserted
into the outer leg member 14. This increased friction also causes
the telescoping leg 12 to misalign and become stuck in an unwanted
position. The use of the protrusions 18 on the inner surface of the
outer leg member 14 can avoid such situations. Thus, in addition to
providing added stability to the telescoping legs 12 of the
worktable 10, the protrusions 18 also avoid misalignment as
explained.
[0031] From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although
specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein
for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made
without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. For
instance, in some implementations the inner leg member 16 may
contain protrusions similar to those described for the outer leg
member 18 whereas in some of these implementations the outer leg
member does not have any protrusions whereas in other of these
implementations the outer leg member has other protrusions along
with the inner leg member protrusions. Accordingly, the invention
is not limited except as by the appended claims.
* * * * *