Thiadiazoledioxides and thiadiazoleoxides as CXC- and CC- chemokine receptor ligands

Abstract

Disclosed are novel compounds of the formula: 1 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof. Examples of groups comprising Substituent A include heteroaryl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkynyl, alkenyl, aminoalkyl, alkyl or amino. Examples of groups comprising Substituent B include aryl and heteroaryl. Also disclosed is a method of treating a chemokine mediated diseases, such as, cancer, angiogenisis, angiogenic ocular diseases, pulmonary diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury, acute pain, acute and chronic inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain using a compound of formula IA.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/417,371 filed October 9, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to novel substituted thiadiazoledioxide and thiadiazolemonooxide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and the use of the compounds and formulations in treating CXC and CC-chemokine-mediated diseases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that are released by a wide variety of cells to attract macrophages, T-cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and endothelial cells to sites of inflammation and tumor growth. There are two main classes of chemokines, the CXC-chemokines and the CC-chemokines. The class depends on whether the first two cysteines are separated by a single amino acid (CXC-chemokines) or are adjacent (CC-chemokines). The CXC-chemokines include, but are not limited to, interleukin-8 (IL-8), neutrophil-activating protein-1 (NAP-1), neutrophil-activating protein-2 (NAP-2), GRO.alpha., GRO.beta., GRO.gamma., ENA-78, GCP-2, IP-10, MIG and PF4. CC chemokines include, but are not limited to, RANTES, MIP-1.alpha., MIP-2.beta., monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, MCP-3, CCL19, CCL21 and eotaxin. Individual members of the chemokine families are known to be bound by at least one chemokine receptor, with CXC-chemokines generally bound by members of the CXCR class of receptors, and CC-chemokines by members of the CCR class of receptors. For example, IL-8 is bound by the CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 receptors.

[0004] Since CXC-chemokines promote the accumulation and activation of neutrophils, these chemokines have been implicated in a wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Baggiolini et al., FEBS Lett. 307, 97 (1992); Miller et al., Crit. Rev. Immunol. 12, 17 (1992); Oppenheim et al., Annu. Fev. Immunol. 9, 617 (1991); Seitz et al., J. Clin. Invest. 87, 463 (1991); Miller et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146, 427 (1992); Donnely et al., Lancet 341, 643(1993).

[0005] ELRCXC chemokines including IL-8, GRO.alpha., GRO.beta., GRO.gamma., NAP-2, and ENA-78 (Strieter et al. 1995 JBC 270 p. 27348-57) have also been implicated in the induction of tumor angiogenesis (new blood vessel growth). All of these chemokines are believed to exert their actions by binding to the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 (also known as IL-8RB), while IL-8 also binds CXCR1 (also known as IL-8RA). Thus, their angiogenic activity is due to their binding to and activation of CXCR2, and possible CXCR1 for IL-8, expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in surrounding vessels.

[0006] Many different types of tumors have been shown to produce ELRCXC chemokines and their production has been correlated with a more aggressive phenotype (Inoue et al. 2000 Clin Cancer Res 6 p. 2104-2119) and poor prognosis (Yoneda et. al. 1998 J Nat Cancer Inst 90 p. 447-454). Chemokines are potent chemotactic factors and the ELRCXC chemokines have been shown to induce EC chemotaxis. Thus, these chemokines probably induce chemotaxis of endothelial cells toward their site of production in the tumor. This may be a critical step in the induction of angiogenesis by the tumor. Inhibitors of CXCR2 or dual inhibitors of CXCR2 and CXCR1 will inhibit the angiogenic activity of the ELRCXC chemokines and therefore block the growth of the tumor. This anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated for antibodies to IL-8 (Arenberg et al. 1996 J Clin Invest 97 p. 2792-2802), ENA-78 (Arenberg et al. 1998 J Clin Invest 102 p.465-72), and GRO.alpha. (Haghnegahdar et al. J. Leukoc Biology 2000 67 p. 53-62).

[0007] Many tumor cells have also been shown to express CXCR2 and thus tumor cells may also stimulate their own growth when they secrete ELRCXC chemokines. Thus, along with decreasing angiogenesis, inhibitors of CXCR2 may directly inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

[0008] Hence, the CXC-chemokine receptors represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agents.

[0009] There remains a need for compounds that are capable of modulating activity at CXC-chemokine receptors. For example, conditions associated with an increase in IL-8 production (which is responsible for chemotaxis of neutrophil and T-cell subsets into the inflammatory site and growth of tumors) would benefit by compounds that are inhibitors of IL-8 receptor binding.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] This invention provides novel compounds of formula IA: 2

[0011] and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts (e.g., sodium or calcium) and solvates thereof, wherein A and B are defined below.

[0012] This invention also provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0013] This invention also provides a method of treating a CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0014] This invention also provides a method of treating a CCR7 mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0015] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0016] This invention also provides a method of treating Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, gastric carcinoma, and non-small cell carcinoma in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0017] This invention also provides a method of treating melanoma, gastric carcinoma, and non-small cell carcinoma in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0018] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one anticancer agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) microtubule affecting agents, (b) antineoplastic agents, (c) anti-angiogenesis agents, or (d) VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors, (e) antibodies against the VEGF receptor, (f) interferon, and g) radiation. The compound of formula IA can be administered concurrently or sequentially with the anticancer agent.

[0019] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one (usually 1) antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of: gemcitabine, paclitaxel (Taxol.RTM.), 5-Fluorourcil (5-FU), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan.RTM.), temozolomide, and Vincristine.

[0020] This invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with microtubule affecting agent, e.g., paclitaxel.

[0021] This invention also provides a method treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one (usually 1) agent selected from the group consisting of: (1) antineoplastic agents, (2) microtubule affecting agents, and (3) anti-angiogenesis agents.

[0022] This invention also provides a method of inhibiting angiogenesis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0023] This invention also provides a method of treating angiogenic ocular disease (e.g., ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred and corneal neovascularization) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0024] This invention also provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated (e.g., CXCR1 and/or CXCR2, or CCR7) disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction (i.e., graft vs. host disease), allograft rejections (e.g., acute allograft rejection, and chronic allograft rejection), malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus (i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma), meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (i.e., airway hyperreactivity), bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection (e.g., acute allograft rejection), airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, autoimmune deafness (including, for example, Meniere's disease), autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bullous pemphigoid, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cirrhosis, cor pneumoniae, cryoglobulinemia, dermatomyositis, diabetes, drug-induced autoimmunity, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hypophytis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, interstitial cystitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis (including viral myocarditis), myositis, Neuropathies (including, for example, IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy), nephritic syndrome, optic neuritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, post-infectious autoimmunity, primary biliary cirrhosis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases (such as, for example, anemias), silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, uveitis, vasculitis syndromes (such as, for example, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis), and Vitiligo in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0025] This invention also provides a method of treating a CXCR1 and/or a CXCR2 mediated disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction (i.e., graft vs. host disease), allograft rejections (e.g., acute allograft rejection, and chronic allograft rejection), malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus (i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma), meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (i.e., airway hyperreactivity), bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection (e.g., acute allograft rejection) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0026] This invention also provides a method of treating a CCR7 mediated disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, acute inflammatory pain, acute pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, acute allograft rejection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory disease, airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, alzheimer's disease, angiogenic ocular disease, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune deafness (including, for example, Meniere's disease), autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), cancer, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, chronic allograft rejection, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic bronchitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic sinusitis, cirrhosis, CNS vasculitis, COPD, Cor pneumoniae, is Crohn's disease, cryoglobulinemia, crystal-induced arthritis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, dermatomyositis, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, drug-induced autoimmunity, dyspnea, emphysema, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, graft vs host disease, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hyperoxia-induced inflammation, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypophytis, hypoxia, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial cystitis, interstitial pneumonitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis including viral myocarditis, myositis, neuropathies (including, for example, IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy), nephritic syndrome, ocular inflammation, optic neuritis, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, polymyositis, post-infectious autoimmunity, pulmonary fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, restenosis, sarcoidosis, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases (such as, for example, anemias), silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, vasculitis and vasculitis syndromes (such as, for example, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis), and vitiligo in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0027] This invention also provides a method of treating a chemokine (e.g., a CXC, or a CC chemokine) mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one (usually 1) other medicament (e.g., a drug, agent or therapeutic) useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

[0028] This invention also provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one (usually 1) other medicament (e.g., a drug, agent or therapeutic) selected from the group consisting of:

[0029] a) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs;

[0030] b) nonsteroidal anitinflammatory drugs;

[0031] c) COX-2 selective inhibitors;

[0032] d) COX-1 inhibitors;

[0033] e) immunosuppressives;

[0034] f) steroids;

[0035] g) biological response modifiers; and

[0036] h) other anti-inflammatory agents or therapeutics useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

[0037] This invention also provides a method of treating a pulmonary disease (e.g., COPD, asthma or cystic fibrosis) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one (usually 1) compound selected from the group consisting of: glucocorticoids, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, .beta.-2 adrenoceptor agonists, muscarinic M1 antagonists, muscarinic M3 antagonists, muscarinic M2 agonists, NK3 antagonists, LTB4 antagonists, cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists, bronchodilators, PDE4 inhibitors, PDE inhibitors, elastase inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, phospholipase A2 inhibitors, phospholipase D inhibitors, histamine H1 antagonists, histamine H3 antagonists, dopamine agonists, adenosine A2 agonists, NK1 and NK2 antagonists, GABA-b agonists, nociceptin agonists, expectorants, mucolytic agents, decongestants, antioxidants, anti-IL-8 anti-bodies, anti-IL-5 antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-TNF antibodies, IL-10, adhesion molecule inhibitors, and growth hormones.

[0038] This invention also provides a method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glatiramer acetate, glucocorticoids, methotrexate, azothioprine, mitoxantrone, chemokine inhibitors, and CB2-selective inhibitors.

[0039] This invention also provides a method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide, sulfasalazine, .beta.-methasone, .beta.-interferon, glatiramer acetate, prednisone, etonercept, and infliximab.

[0040] This invention also provides a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0041] This invention also provides a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of COX-2 inhibitors, COX inhibitors, immunosuppressives (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide and sulfasalazine), steroids (e.g., betamethasone, cortisone and dexamethasone), PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds, MMP inhibitors, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, and other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

[0042] This invention also provides a method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound (usually 1) of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thrombolitics (e.g., tenecteplase, TPA, alteplase), antiplatelet agents (e.g., gpIIb/IIIa), antagonists (e.g., abciximab and eftiifbatide), anticoagulants (e.g., heparin), and other compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

[0043] This invention also provides a method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tenecteplase, TPA, alteplase, abciximab, eftiifbatide, and heparin.

[0044] This invention also provides a method of treating psoriasis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of immunosuppressives (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide and sulfasalazine), steroids (e.g., .beta.-methasone) and anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds (e.g., etonercept and infliximab).

[0045] This invention also provides a method of treating COPD in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0046] This invention also provides a method of treating acute pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0047] This invention also provides a method of treating acute inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0048] This invention also provides a method of treating chronic inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0049] This invention also provides a method of treating neropathic pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0050] This invention also provides a method of treating arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0051] This invention also provides a method of treating osteoarthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0052] This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0053] This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) other agent, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor disclosed above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] When any variable occurs more than one time in any moiety, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.

[0055] Unless indicated otherwise, the following definitions apply throughout the present specification and claims. These definitions apply regardless of whether a term is used by itself or in combination with other terms. For example, the definition of "alkyl" also applies to the "alkyl" portion of "alkoxy".

[0056] "An effective amount" means a therapeutically acceptable amount (i.e., that amount which provides the desired therapeutic effective).

[0057] "At least one" means one or more (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, or 1).

[0058] "Bu" represents butyl.

[0059] "Bn" represents benzyl.

[0060] "Composition" includes a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

[0061] "Et" represents ethyl.

[0062] "In combination with" as used to describe the administration of a compound of formula IA with other medicaments in the methods of treatment of this invention, means that the compounds of formula IA and the other medicaments are administered sequentially or concurrently in separate dosage forms, or are administered concurrently in the same dosage form.

[0063] "Mammal" includes a human being, and preferably means a human being.

[0064] "Patient" includes both human and other mammals, preferably human.

[0065] "Ph", as used in the structures herein, represents phenyl.

[0066] "Pr" represents propyl.

[0067] "Prodrug" represents compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to the parent compound of the above formula, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0068] "Alkyl" means a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0069] "Alkoxy" means an alkyl-O-group wherein alkyl is as defined above. Non-limiting examples of alkoxy groups include: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy and n-butoxy. The bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.

[0070] "Alkenyl" means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include: ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, octenyl and decenyl.

[0071] "Alkynyl" means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and 2 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, n-pentynyl, and decynyl.

[0072] "Aryl" means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system, wherein at least one ring is aromatic, comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, and preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include: phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl, and fluorenyl.

[0073] "Arylalkyl" means an aryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein the alkyl group is bound to the parent moiety. Non-limiting examples of suitable arylalkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl and naphthleneylmethyl.

[0074] "Bn" represents benzyl.

[0075] "Cycloalkyl" means saturated carbocyclic rings having 3 to 10 (e.g., 3 to 7) carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, and having one to three rings. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include: cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and adamantyl.

[0076] "Cycloalkylalkyl" means a cycloalkyl group bound to the parent moiety through an alkyl group. Non-limiting examples include: cyclopropylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl.

[0077] "Cycloalkenyl" means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings have 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and norbornenyl.

[0078] "Et" represents ethyl.

[0079] "Halo" means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo groups. Preferred are fluoro, chloro or bromo, and more preferred are fluoro and chloro.

[0080] "Halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Preferred are fluorine, chlorine or bromine, and more preferred are fluorine and chlorine.

[0081] "Haloalkyl" means an alkyl group as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above.

[0082] "Heterocyclyl" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycloalkyl" means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system (i.e., a saturated carbocyclic ring or ring system) comprising 3 to 10 ring atoms (e.g., 3 to 7 ring atoms), preferably 5 to 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. Preferred heterocyclyls have 5 to 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, respectively, is present as a ring atom. The nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Non-limiting examples of monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include: piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.

[0083] The term heterocyclic acidic functional group is intended to include groups such as, pyrrole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, and the like.

[0084] "Heteroaryl" means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 5 to 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. Preferred heteroaryls contain 5 to 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom. A nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. Non-limiting examples of heteroaryls include: pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, thienopyridyl, quinazolinyl, thienopyrimidyl, pyrrolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoazaindolyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl, and benzothiazolyl.

[0085] "Heteroarylalkyl" means a heteroaryl group, as defined above, bound to an alkyl group, as defined above, where the bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl group.

[0086] N-oxides can form on a tertiary nitrogen present in an R substituent, or on .dbd.N-- in a heteroaryl ring substituent and are included in the compounds of formula IA.

[0087] As well known in the art, a bond drawn from a particular atom wherein no moiety is depicted at the terminal end of the bond indicates a methyl group bound through that bond to the atom. For example: 34

[0088] The compounds of this invention are represented by formula IA: 5

[0089] and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts (e.g., sodium or calcium salt) and solvates thereof, wherein:

[0090] A is selected from the group consisting of: 678

[0091] wherein the above rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 6 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; 910

[0092] wherein one or both of the above rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 6 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; 11

[0093] wherein the above phenyl rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and 12

[0094] B is selected from the group consisting of 1314

[0095] n is 0 to 6;

[0096] p is 1 to 5;

[0097] X is O, NR.sup.18, or S;

[0098] Z is 1 to 3;

[0099] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, OH, --C(O)OH, --SH, --SO.sub.2N.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHC(O)R.sup.13--NHSO.sub.2N- R.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13--NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NHOR.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13OH, --S(O.sub.2)OH, --OC(O)R.sup.13, an unsubstituted heterocyclic acidic functional group, and a substituted heterocyclic acidic functional group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heterocyclic acidic functional group each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups;

[0100] each R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, cyano, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with 1 to 4 alkyl groups (preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups) wherein each alkyl group is independently selected, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, --OH, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.13, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --C(O)NHR.sup.17, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14--SO.sub.(t)R.sup.1- 3, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, 15

[0101] wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted aryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heteroaryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; or

[0102] R.sup.3 is and R.sup.4 taken together with the carbons atoms to which they are bonded to in the the phenyl B substituent 16

[0103] form a fused ring of the formula: 17

[0104] (preferably Z.sup.1) wherein Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 is an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 4 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring), said ring Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 optionally containing one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S and NR.sup.18; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on said ring Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2, and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --NHC(O)OR.sup.15, halogen, and a heterocycloalkenyl group (i.e., a heterocyclic group that has at least one, and preferably one, double bond in a ring, e.g., 18

[0105] examples of the fused ring moiety include, but are not limited to: 19

[0106] each R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.13, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted aryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heteroaryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups;

[0107] each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, alkynyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl; is and wherein there are one or more (e.g., 1 to 6) substituents on said substituted R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 groups, wherein each substitutent is independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0108] a) halogen,

[0109] b) --CF.sub.3,

[0110] c) --COR.sup.13,

[0111] d) --OR.sup.13,

[0112] e) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0113] f) --NO.sub.2,

[0114] g) --CN,

[0115] h) --SO.sub.2OR.sup.13,

[0116] i) --Si(alkyl).sub.3, wherein each alkyl is independently selected,

[0117] j) --Si(aryl).sub.3, wherein each alkyl is independently selected,

[0118] k) --(R.sup.13).sub.2R.sup.14Si, wherein each R.sup.13 is independently selected,

[0119] l) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13,

[0120] m) --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0121] n) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0122] o) --SO.sub.2R.sup.13,

[0123] p) --OC(O)R.sup.13,

[0124] q) --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0125] r) --NR.sup.13C(O)R.sup.14 , and

[0126] s) --NR.sup.13CO.sub.2R.sup.14;

[0127] (fluoroalkyl is one non-limiting example of an alkyl group that is substituted with halogen);

[0128]

[0129] R.sup.8a is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl;

[0130] each R.sup.9 is independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0131] a) --R.sup.13,

[0132] b) halogen,

[0133] c) --CF.sub.3,

[0134] d) --COR.sup.13,

[0135] e) --OR.sup.13,

[0136] f) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0137] g) --NO.sub.2,

[0138] h) --CN,

[0139] i) --SO.sub.2R.sup.13,

[0140] j) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0141] k) --NR.sup.13COR.sup.14,

[0142] i) --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14,

[0143] m) --NR.sup.13CO.sub.2R.sup.14,

[0144] n) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13,

[0145] o) 20

[0146] p) alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., one) --OH groups (e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.qOH, wherein q is 1-6, usually 1 to 2, and preferably 1),

[0147] q) alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., one) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14 group (e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.qNR.sup.13R.sup.14, wherein q is 1-6, usually 1 to 2, and preferably 1), and

[0148] r) --N(R.sup.13)SO.sub.2R.sup.14 (e.g., R.sup.13 is H and R.sup.14 is alkyl, such as methyl);

[0149] each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from the group consisting of R.sup.13, (e.g., hydrogen and alkyl (e.g., C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, such as methyl)), halogen, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OH, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --SH, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, NHC(O)R.sup.13, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, --OC(O)R.sup.13 and cyano;

[0150] R.sup.12 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, --C(O)OR.sup.13, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on the substituted R.sup.12 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups;

[0151] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted or substituted fluoroalkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl (wherein "heterocyloalkyl" means heterocyclic); wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, --CF.sub.3, --OH, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, fluroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, --N(R.sup.40).sub.2, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, halogen, and --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16; or

[0152] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14 and --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 3 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring), said ring optionally containing one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S and NR.sup.18; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups (i.e., there is 1 to 3 substituents on the ring formed when the R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound) and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --NHC(O)OR.sup.15, halogen, and a heterocycloalkenyl group (i.e., a heterocyclic group that has at least one, and preferably one, double bond in a ring, e.g., 21

[0153] each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl;

[0154] R.sup.17 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2alkyl, --SO.sub.2aryl, --SO.sub.2cycloalkyl, and --SO.sub.2heteroaryl;

[0155] R.sup.18 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20;

[0156] each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

[0157] R.sup.30 is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CN, --NO.sub.2, or --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H;

[0158] each R.sup.31 is independently selected from the group consisting of: unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl and unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted R.sup.31 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, halogen and --CF.sub.3;

[0159] each R.sup.40 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and cycloalkyl;

[0160] g is 1 or 2 (preferably 1); and

[0161] t is 0, 1 or2.

[0162] For compounds of formula IA, when R.sup.3 is --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14), preferably R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl). Examples include, but are not limited to (1) --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2 and (2) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 wherein R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), e.g., the same alkyl group, such as, for example --SO.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.

[0163] For compounds of formula IA, when R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, preferably R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl). Examples include, but are not limited to --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14 wherein each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group, e.g., the same alkyl group, such as, for example --C(O)N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.

[0164] For the compounds of formula IA substituent A is preferably selected from the group consisting of:

[0165] (1) unsubstituted or substituted: 22

[0166] (2) 23

[0167] wherein all substitutents are as defined for formula IA.

[0168] For the compounds of formula IA substituent A is most preferably: 24

[0169] wherein the furan ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 alkyl groups (e.g., C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups) wherein each alkyl group is independently selected, R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: --CF.sub.3, alkyl (e.g., C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl) and cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl), and R.sup.8 is H. More preferably the furan ring is substituted.

[0170] For the compounds of formula IA substituent A is even more preferably: 25

[0171] wherein the furan ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 alkyl groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and isoprpyl, R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: --CF.sub.3, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl and cyclopropyl, and R.sup.8 is H. Still more preferably the furan ring is substituted.

[0172] For the compounds of formula IA substituent A is even yet more preferably: 26

[0173] wherein the furan ring is substituted with 1 or 2 alkyl groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl, R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl, and R.sup.8 is H.

[0174] Examples of substituent A in formula IA include, but are not limited to: 27282930

[0175] Substituent A in formula IA is most preferably selected from the group consisting of: 3132

[0176] Substituent A in formula IA is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 33

[0177] Substituent A in formula IA is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 34

[0178] Substituent B in formula IA is preferably selected from the group consisting of: 35

[0179] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0180] Substituent B in formula IA is most preferably selected from the group consisting of: 36

[0181] Substituent B in Formula IA is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 37

[0182] Substituent B in Formula IA is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 38

[0183] Substituent B in Formula IA is still even more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 39

[0184] An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of treating an chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment (e.g., a mammal, preferably a human being) comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (e.g., 1-3, and usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0185] Examples of chemokine mediated (e.g., CXCR1 and/or CXCR2, or CCR7) diseases or conditions include but are not limited to: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction (i.e., graft vs. host disease), allograft rejections (e.g., acute allograft rejection, and chronic allograft rejection), malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus (i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma), meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, to airway hyperresponsiveness (i.e., airway hyperreactivity), bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal is dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection (e.g., acute allograft rejection), airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, autoimmune deafness (including, for example, Meniere's disease), autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bullous pemphigoid, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cirrhosis, cor pneumoniae, cryoglobulinemia, dermatomyositis, diabetes, drug-induced autoimmunity, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hypophytis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, interstitial cystitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis (including viral myocarditis), myositis, Neuropathies (including, for example, IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy), nephritic syndrome, optic neuritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, post-infectious autoimmunity, primary biliary cirrhosis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases (such as, for example, anemias), silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, uveitis, vasculitis syndromes (such as, for example, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis), and Vitiligo.

[0186] Examples of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 mediated diseases or conditions include but are not limited to: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction (i.e., graft vs. host disease), allograft rejections (e.g., acute allograft rejection, and chronic allograft rejection), malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus (i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma), meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (i.e., airway hyperreactivity), bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection (e.g., acute allograft rejection).

[0187] Examples of CCR7 mediated diseases or conditions include, but are not limited to: acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, acute inflammatory pain, acute pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, acute allograft rejection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory disease, airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, alzheimer's disease, angiogenic ocular disease, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune deafness (including, for example, Meniere's disease), autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, burn therapy (i.e., the treatment of burns), cancer, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, chronic allograft rejection, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic bronchitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic sinusitis, cirrhosis, CNS vasculitis, COPD, Cor pneumoniae, Crohn's disease, cryoglobulinemia, crystal-induced arthritis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, dermatomyositis, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, drug-induced autoimmunity, dyspnea, emphysema, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, graft vs host disease, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hyperoxia-induced inflammation, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypophytis, hypoxia, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial cystitis, interstitial pneumonitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis including viral myocarditis, myositis, neuropathies (including, for example, IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy), nephritic syndrome, ocular inflammation, optic neuritis, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, polymyositis, post-infectious autoimmunity, pulmonary fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, restenosis, sarcoidosis, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases (such as, for example, anemias), silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, vasculitis and vasculitis syndromes (such as, for example, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis), and vitiligo.

[0188] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating a CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 mediated disease, as described above, in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of the final compounds of Examples 56, 201.1, 201.9, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

[0189] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating a CCR7 mediated disease, as described above, in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of the final compounds of Examples 2065, 2066, 2105, 2106, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

[0190] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, gastric carcinoma, and non-small cell carcinoma in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0191] Another embodiment of this invention is directed to a method of treating melanoma, gastric carcinoma, and non-small cell carcinoma in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

[0192] Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of treating cancer in a patient (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient, concurrently or sequentially, a therapeutically effective amount of (a) at least one (e.g., 1-3, and usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and (b) at least one (e.g., 1, 2 or 3) anticancer agent selected from the group consisting of: (1) microtubule affecting agents, (2) antineoplastic agents, (3) anti-angiogenesis agents, (4) VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors, (5) antibodies against the VEGF receptor, (6) interferon, and (7) radiation.

[0193] In further embodiments of this invention that are directed to the treatment of cancer, at least one (e.g., 1-3, and usually one) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, is administered in combination with at least one (e.g., 1 or 2, or 1) antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of: gemcitabine, paclitaxel (Taxol.RTM.), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan.RTM.), temozolomide, taxotere and Vincristine.

[0194] In another embodiment the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a patient (e.g., a mammal, such as a human being) in need of such treatment, comprising administering, concurrently or sequentially, an effective amount of (a) at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and (b) at least one (e.g., 1-3, usually 1) microtubule affecting agent (e.g., paclitaxel).

[0195] In the method of treating a pulmonary disease (e.g., COPD, asthma, or cystic fibrosis), at least one (usually 1) compound of formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, is administered in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: glucocorticoids, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, .beta.-2 adrenoceptor agonists, muscarinic M1 antagonists, muscarinic M3 antagonists, muscarinic M2 agonists, NK3 antagonists, LTB4 antagonists, cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists, bronchodilators, PDE4 inhibitors, PDE inhibitors, elastase inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, phospholipase A2 inhibitors, phospholipase D inhibitors, histamine H1 antagonists, histamine H3 antagonists, dopamine agonists, adenosine A2 agonists, NK1 and NK2 antagonists, GABA-b agonists, nociceptin agonists, expectorants, mucolytic agents, decongestants, antioxidants, anti-IL-8 anti-bodies, anti-IL-5 antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-TNF antibodies, IL-10, adhesion molecule inhibitors, and growth hormones. Agents that belong to these classes include, but are not limited to, beclomethasone, mometasone, ciclesonide, budesonide, fluticasone, albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, loratadine, desloratadine, tiotropium bromide, MSI-ipratropium bromide, montelukast, theophilline, cilomilast, roflumilast, cromolyn, ZD4407, talnetant, LTB-019, revatropate, pumafentrine, CP-955, AR-C-89855, BAY-19-8004, GW-328267, QAB-149, DNK-333, YM-40461 and TH-9506 or pharmaceutically acceptable formulations thereof.

[0196] Representative embodiments of the novel compounds of this invention are described below. The embodiments have been numbered for purposes of reference thereto.

[0197] Embodiment No. 1 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 40

[0198] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0199] Embodiment No. 2 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 41

[0200] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0201] Embodiment No. 3 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 42

[0202] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA. 20 Embodiment No. 4 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 43

[0203] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0204] Embodiment No. 5 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 44

[0205] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0206] Embodiment No. 6 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 45

[0207] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0208] Embodiment No. 7 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 46

[0209] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0210] Embodiment No. 8 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 47

[0211] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0212] Embodiment No. 9 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 48

[0213] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0214] Embodiment No. 10 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 49

[0215] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0216] Embodiment No. 11 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 50

[0217] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0218] Embodiment No. 12 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 51

[0219] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0220] Embodiment No. 13 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 52

[0221] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0222] Embodiment No. 14 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 53

[0223] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0224] Embodiment No. 15 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 54

[0225] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0226] Embodiment No. 16 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 55

[0227] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0228] Embodiment No. 17 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 56

[0229] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0230] Embodiment No. 18 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 57

[0231] and all other substitutents are as defined for of formula IA.

[0232] Embodiment No. 19 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is selected from the group consisting of: 58

[0233] and R.sup.3 for this B group is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, 59

[0234] and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0235] Embodiment No. 20 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 60

[0236] and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0237] Embodiment No. 21 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is 61

[0238] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0239] Embodiment No. 22 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is 62

[0240] wherein:

[0241] (1) R.sup.2 is --OH and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA, or

[0242] (2) R.sup.2 is --OH, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group, consisting of: H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), or

[0243] (3) R.sup.2 is --OH, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different and alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), for example the same alkyl group, for example methyl, and

[0244] (4) and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0245] Embodiment No. 23 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is 63

[0246] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: 64

[0247] and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0248] Embodiment No. 24 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is 65

[0249] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: 66

[0250] R.sup.2 is --OH, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0251] Embodiment No. 25 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 67

[0252] and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0253] Embodiment No. 26 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 68

[0254] R.sup.2 is --OH, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0255] Embodiment No. 26 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 69

[0256] R.sup.2 is as defined for compounds of formula IA, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), and is all other substituents areas defined for compounds of formula IA. For example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group. Also, for example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same alkyl group. Also, for example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl.

[0257] Embodiment No. 28 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 70

[0258] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), and all other substituents areas defined for compounds of formula IA. For example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group. Also, for example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same alkyl group. Also, for example, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl.

[0259] Embodiment No. 29 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in Embodiment No. 23, R.sup.4 is H, R.sup.5 is H, R.sup.6 is H, and all other substituents are as defined for compounds of formula IA.

[0260] Embodiment No. 30 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in Embodiment No. 24, R.sup.4 is H, R.sup.5 is H, R.sup.6 is H, and all other substituents areas defined for compounds of formula IA.

[0261] Embodiment No. 31 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in Embodiments Nos. 21, 22, 25 and 26, except that R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are each methyl, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0262] Embodiment No. 32 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 71

[0263] R.sup.11 is H or methyl (preferably H), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0264] Embodiment No. 33 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 72

[0265] R.sup.2 is --OH, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0266] Embodiment No. 34 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 73

[0267] R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0268] Embodiment No. 35 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 74

[0269] R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0270] Embodiment No. 36 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 75

[0271] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0272] Embodiment No. 37 of this invention is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 76

[0273] R.sup.2 is --OH, and R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0274] Embodiment No. 38 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 77

[0275] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.1 is H or methyl (preferably H), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0276] Embodiment No. 39 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 78

[0277] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), R.sup.11 is H or methyl (preferably H), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0278] Embodiment No. 40 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 79

[0279] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H or methyl (preferably H), and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA. For example, one of R.sup.13 or R.sup.14 is alkyl (e.g., methyl). An example of a substituted heteroaryl group is 80

[0280] Embodiment No. 41 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 81

[0281] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), R.sup.11 is H or methyl (preferably H), and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of:H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl), unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA. For example R.sup.3 is (1) --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2 or (2) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 wherein R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), e.g., the same alkyl group, such as, for example --SO.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.

[0282] Embodiment No. 42 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 82

[0283] R.sup.11 is H, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0284] Embodiment No. 43 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 83

[0285] R.sup.2 is --OH, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0286] Embodiment No. 44 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 84

[0287] R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0288] Embodiment No. 45 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 85

[0289] R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0290] Embodiment No. 46 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 86

[0291] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0292] Embodiment No. 47 of this invention is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 87

[0293] R.sup.2 is --OH, and R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0294] Embodiment No. 48 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 88

[0295] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0296] Embodiment No. 49 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 89

[0297] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), R.sup.11 is H, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA.

[0298] Embodiment No. 50 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 90

[0299] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl, and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA. For example, one of R.sup.13 or R.sup.14 is alkyl (e.g., methyl). An example of a substituted heteroaryl group is 91

[0300] Embodiment No. 51 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is: 92

[0301] R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14 (e.g., t is 2), R.sup.11 is H, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of:H and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl), and all other substituents are as defined in formula IA. For example R.sup.3 is (1) --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2 and (2) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 wherein R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are the same or different alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), e.g., the same alkyl group, such as, for example --SO.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.

[0302] Embodiment No. 52 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 93

[0303] wherein R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 and R.sup.10 to R.sup.14 are as defined above for the compounds of formula IA.

[0304] Embodiment No. 53 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B in formula is selected from the group consisting of: 94

[0305] wherein

[0306] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 or and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0307] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13; and --C(O)OR.sup.13;

[0308] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --CH.sub.3, halogen, and --CF.sub.3;

[0309] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano;

[0310] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0311] each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.13, hydrogen, halogen, --CF.sub.3, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --SH, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, --NHC(O)R.sup.13, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, --OC(O)R.sup.13, --COR.sup.13, --OR.sup.13, and cyano;

[0312] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; or

[0313] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 when taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13- R.sup.14, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 3 to 7 membered ring) optionally having one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S or NR.sup.18; wherein R.sup.18 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20; wherein each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups (i.e., the substituents on the ring formed when R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound) and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16 and halogen; and wherein each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting: of H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl.

[0314] Embodiment No. 54 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B in formula selected from the group consisting of: 95

[0315] wherein:

[0316] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0317] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13; and --C(O)OR.sup.13;

[0318] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --CH.sub.3 or --CF.sub.3;

[0319] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano; and

[0320] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0321] R.sup.11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen and alkyl; and

[0322] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; or

[0323] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 when taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13- R.sup.14, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 3 to 7 membered ring) optionally having one additional heteroatom selected from O, S or NR.sup.18 wherein R.sup.18 is selected from H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20, wherein each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups (i.e., on the ring formed when R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound) and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16 and halogen; and wherein each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl.

[0324] Embodiment No. 55 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 96

[0325] wherein:

[0326] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0327] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14--SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, and --SO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0328] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --CH.sub.3 or --CF.sub.3;

[0329] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano; and

[0330] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0331] R.sup.11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen and alkyl; and

[0332] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl and ethyl.

[0333] Embodiment No. 56 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 97

[0334] wherein:

[0335] R.sup.2 is --OH;

[0336] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 and --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14;

[0337] R.sup.4 is selected form the group consisting of: H, --CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3;

[0338] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H and cyano;

[0339] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3;

[0340] R.sup.11 is H; and

[0341] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and methyl (e.g., for --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are H, or both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl, also, for example, for --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14 both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl).

[0342] Embodiment No. 57 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 98

[0343] wherein all substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0344] Embodiment No. 58 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 99

[0345] Embodiment No. 59 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 100 101

[0346] and

[0347] Embodiment No. 60 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 102

[0348] Embodiment No. 61 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 103

[0349] Embodiment No. 62 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is: 104

[0350] Embodiment No. 63 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent B is: 105

[0351] Embodiment No. 64 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent is B is: 106

[0352] Embodiment No. 65 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein: substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 107

[0353] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted or substituted, as described for formula IA: and 108

[0354] wherein in (a) and (b): each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, fluoroalkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl, wherein said substituents on said R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 substituted groups are selected from the group consisting of: a) cyano, b) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, c) --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, d) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, e) --NO.sub.2, f) --CF.sub.3, g) --OR.sup.3, h) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, i) --OC(O)R.sup.13, j) --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and k) halogen; and R.sup.8a and R.sup.9 are as defined in formula IA.

[0355] Embodiment No. 66 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 109

[0356] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl); and R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; and 110

[0357] wherein each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl); wherein R.sup.8a is as defined in formula IA, and wherein R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl).

[0358] Embodiment No. 67 is directed to the novel compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 111

[0359] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, fluoroalkyl, alkyl and cycloalkyl; R.sup.8 is selected form the group consisting of: H, alkyl, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3; and R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl or --CF.sub.3; and 112

[0360] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, fluoroalkyl, alkyl and cycloalkyl; R.sup.8 is selected form the group consisting of: H, alkyl, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA.

[0361] Embodiment No. 68 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 113

[0362] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and 114

[0363] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA.

[0364] Embodiment No. 69 is directed compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 115

[0365] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and 116

[0366] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA;

[0367] Embodiment No. 70 is directed compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of:

[0368] (1) unsubstituted or substituted: 117

[0369] (2) 118

[0370] wherein all substitutents are as defined for formula IA.

[0371] Embodiment No. 71 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 119120121

[0372] Embodiment No. 72 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 122123

[0373] Embodiment No. 73 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 124

[0374] Embodiment No. 74 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 125

[0375] Embodiment No. 75 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 126

[0376] Embodiment No. 76 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is: 127

[0377] Embodiment No. 77 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is: 128

[0378] Embodiment No. 78 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is: 129

[0379] Embodiment No. 79 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 130

[0380] and substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 131

[0381] Embodiment No. 80 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 132

[0382] and substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 133

[0383] Embodiment No. 81 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein g is 1.

[0384] Embodiment No. 82 is directed to novel compounds as described in any one of Embodiments Nos. 1-80 wherein g is 1.

[0385] Embodiment No. 83 is directed to novel compounds is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein g is 2.

[0386] Embodiment No. 84 is directed to novel compounds as described in any one of Embodiments Nos. 1-80 wherein g is 2.

[0387] Embodiment No. 85 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is as defined in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 65 to 78.

[0388] Embodiment No. 86 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is: 134

[0389] and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0390] Embodiment No. 87 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is: 135

[0391] wherein R.sup.7 is H, and R.sup.8 is alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl), and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0392] Embodiment No. 88 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is: 136

[0393] and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0394] Embodiment No. 89 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is: 137

[0395] wherein the furan ring is unsubstituted or substituted as described in the definition of A for formula IA, and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0396] Embodiment No. 90 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is 138

[0397] wherein the furan ring is substituted and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0398] Embodiment No. 91 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is 139

[0399] wherein the furan ring is substituted with at least one (e.g., 1 to 3, or 1 to 2) alkyl group and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0400] Embodiment No. 92 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, A is 140

[0401] wherein the furan ring is substituted with one alkyl group and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0402] Embodiment No. 93 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is 141

[0403] wherein the furan ring is substituted with one C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl or isopropyl), and all other substituents are as defined for formula IA.

[0404] Embodiment No. 94 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is as defined in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 89 to 93, except that R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of: H and alkyl.

[0405] Embodiment No. 95 is directed to novel compounds of formula IA wherein B is as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 64, and A is as defined in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 89 to 93, except that R.sup.7 is H, and R.sup.8 is alkyl (e.g., ethyl or t-butyl).

[0406] Embodiment No. 96 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein:

[0407] (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 142

[0408] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted or substituted, as described for formula IA: and 143

[0409] wherein in (a) and (b) above: each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, fluoroalkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl, wherein said substituents on said R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 substituted groups are selected from the group consisting of: a) cyano, b) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, c) --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, d) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, e) --NO.sub.2, f) --CF.sub.3, g) --OR.sup.3, h) --NR.sup.3R.sup.14, i) --OC(O)R.sup.13, j) --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, and k) halogen; and R.sup.8a and R.sup.9 are as defined in formula IA; and

[0410] (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 144

[0411] wherein R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 and R.sup.10 to R.sup.14 are as defined above for the novel compounds of formula IA.

[0412] Embodiment No. 97 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein:

[0413] (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 145

[0414] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl); and R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; and 146

[0415] wherein each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl); wherein R.sup.8a is as defined in formula IA, and wherein R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CF.sub.3, cyano, --OCH.sub.3, and --NO.sub.2; each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, and isopropyl), fluoroalkyl (such as, --CF.sub.3 and --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3), cycloalkyl (e.g.,cyclopropyl, and cyclohexyl), and cycloalkylalkyl (e.g., cyclopropylmethyl); and

[0416] (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 147

[0417] wherein

[0418] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 or and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0419] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13; and --C(O)OR.sup.13;

[0420] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --CH.sub.3, halogen, and --CF.sub.3;

[0421] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano;

[0422] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0423] each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.13, hydrogen, halogen, --CF.sub.3, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --SH, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, --NHC(O)R.sup.13, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, --OC(O)R.sup.13, --COR.sup.13, --OR.sup.13, and cyano;

[0424] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; or

[0425] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 when taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13- R.sup.14, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 3 to 7 membered ring) optionally having one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S or NR.sup.18; wherein R.sup.18 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20; wherein each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups (i.e., the substituents on the ring formed when R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound) and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16 and halogen; and wherein each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting: of H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl.

[0426] Embodiment No. 98 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A in formula IA is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of: 148

[0427] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, fluoroalkyl, alkyl and cycloalkyl; R.sup.8 is selected form the group consisting of: H, alkyl, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3; and R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl or --CF.sub.3; and 149

[0428] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, fluoroalkyl, alkyl and cycloalkyl; R.sup.8 is selected form the group consisting of: H, alkyl, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA.

[0429] Embodiment No. 99 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein:

[0430] (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 150

[0431] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and 151

[0432] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA.

[0433] (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 152

[0434] wherein:

[0435] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0436] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13; and --C(O)OR.sup.13;

[0437] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, alkyl (e.g., --CH.sub.3 and ethyl), --CF.sub.3, and halogen;

[0438] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano; and

[0439] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0440] R.sup.11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen and alkyl; and

[0441] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; or

[0442] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 when taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13- R.sup.14, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 3 to 7 membered ring) optionally having one additional heteroatom selected from O, S or NR.sup.18 wherein R.sup.18 is selected from H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20, wherein each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups (i.e., on the ring formed when R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are bound) and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16 and halogen; and wherein each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl.

[0443] Embodiment No. 100 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein:

[0444] (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 153

[0445] wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and 154

[0446] wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and R.sup.8a is as defined for formula IA;

[0447] (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 155

[0448] wherein:

[0449] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0450] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14 --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, and --SO.sub.2R.sup.13;

[0451] R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, alkyl (e.g., --CH.sub.3 and ethyl), --CF.sub.3 and halogen;

[0452] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano; and

[0453] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0454] R.sup.11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen and alkyl; and

[0455] each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H and unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl and ethyl).

[0456] Embodiment No. 101 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein:

[0457] (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 156157

[0458] (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 158

[0459] wherein:

[0460] R.sup.2 is --OH;

[0461] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 and --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14;

[0462] R.sup.4 is selected form the group consisting of: H, Br, --CH.sub.3, ethyl and --CF.sub.3;

[0463] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H and cyano;

[0464] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3;

[0465] R.sup.11 is H; and

[0466] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and methyl (e.g., for --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are H, or both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl, also, for example, for --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14 both R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are methyl).

[0467] Embodiment No. 102 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 70 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 57.

[0468] Embodiment No. 103 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 70 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 58.

[0469] Embodiment No. 104 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 70 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 59.

[0470] Embodiment No. 105 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 71 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 57.

[0471] Embodiment No. 106 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 71 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 58.

[0472] Embodiment No. 107 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 71 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 59.

[0473] Embodiment No. 108 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 72 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 57.

[0474] Embodiment No. 109 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 72 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 58.

[0475] Embodiment No. 110 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 72 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 59.

[0476] Embodiment No. 111 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 73 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 57.

[0477] Embodiment No. 112 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 73 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 58.

[0478] Embodiment No. 113 is directed to compounds of formula IA wherein substituent A is as defined in Embodiment No. 73 and substituent B is as defined in Embodiment No. 59.

[0479] Embodiment No. 114 is directed to any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 113 wherein the compound of formula IA is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

[0480] Embodiment No. 115 is directed to any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 113 wherein the compound of formula IA is a sodium salt.

[0481] Embodiment No. 116 is directed to any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 113 wherein the compound of formula IA is a calcium salt.

[0482] Embodiment No. 117 is directed to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the representative compounds of this invention that are described below.

[0483] Embodiment No. 118 is directed to a sodium salt of any one of the representative compounds described below.

[0484] Embodiment No. 119 is directed to a calcium salt of any one of the representative compounds described below.

[0485] Embodiment No. 120 is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one (e.g., 1 to 3, usually 1) compound of formula IA as described in any one of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (or diluent). When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0486] Embodiment No. 121 is directed to a method of treating any one of the diseases described herein (i.e., the chemokine mediated diseases) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of a compound of formula IA as described in any one of the Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0487] Embodiment No. 122 is directed to a method of treating any one of the diseases described herein (i.e., the chemokine mediated diseases) comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0488] Embodiment No. 123 is directed to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0489] Embodiment No. 124 is directed to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0490] Embodiment No. 125 is directed to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually 1) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119 in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of COX-2 inhibitors, COX inhibitors, immunosuppressives (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide and sulfasalazine), steroids (e.g., betamethasone, cortisone and dexamethasone), PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds, MMP inhibitors, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, and other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. When more than one compound of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119 is used, each compound is independently selected from said Embodiment Numbers.

[0491] Embodiment No. 126 is directed to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment 120 in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of COX-2 inhibitors, COX inhibitors, immunosuppressives (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide and sulfasalazine), steroids (e.g., betamethasone, cortisone and dexamethasone), PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds, MMP inhibitors, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, and other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

[0492] Embodiment No. 127 is directed to a method of treating COPD in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0493] Embodiment No. 128 is directed to a method of treating COPD in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment 120.

[0494] Embodiment No. 129 is directed to a method of treating acute pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0495] Embodiment No. 130 is directed to a method of treating acute pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0496] Embodiment No. 131 is directed to a method of treating acute inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0497] Embodiment No. 132 is directed to a method of treating acute inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0498] Embodiment No. 133 is directed to a method of treating chronic inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0499] Embodiment No. 134 is directed to a method of treating chronic inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0500] Embodiment No. 135 is directed to a method of treating neuropathic pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0501] Embodiment No. 136 is directed to a method of treating neuropathic pain in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0502] Embodiment No. 137 is directed to a method of treating arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0503] Embodiment No. 138 is directed to a method of treating arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0504] Embodiment No. 139 is directed to a method of treating osteoarthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one (usually one) compound from any of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119. When more than one compound is used each compound is independently selected from the group consisting of Embodiment Nos. 1 to 119.

[0505] Embodiment No. 140 is directed to a method of treating osteoarthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described in Embodiment No. 120.

[0506] Representative compounds of the invention include but are not limited to: 159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175

[0507] the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

[0508] Preferred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of: 176177178179180181182183184185186187188189

[0509] the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable

[0510] More preferred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of: 190191192193194195196197198199200

[0511] the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

[0512] Most preferred compounds of this invention are selected from the group consisting of: 201202203204205206207208209210211

[0513] the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

[0514] An embodiment of this invention is directed to compounds of formula IA selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula: 212213214215216217218

[0515] the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

[0516] Certain compounds of the invention may exist in different stereoisomeric forms (e.g., enantiomers, diastereoisomers and atropisomers). The invention contemplates all such stereoisomers both in pure form and in admixture, including racemic mixtures. Isomers can be prepared using conventional methods.

[0517] Certain compounds will be acidic in nature, e.g. those compounds which possess a carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl group. These compounds may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of such salts may include sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silver salts. Also contemplated are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines, N-methylglucamine and the like.

[0518] Certain basic compounds also form pharmaceutically acceptable salts, e.g., acid addition salts. For example, the pyrido-nitrogen atoms may form salts with strong acid, while compounds having basic substituents such as amino groups also form salts with weaker acids. Examples of suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic, maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those skilled in the art. The salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt in the conventional manner. The free base forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous NaOH, potassium carbonate, ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The free base forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but the acid and base salts are otherwise equivalent to their respective free base forms for purposes of the invention.

[0519] All such acid and base salts are intended to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention and all acid and base salts are considered equivalent to the free forms of the corresponding compounds for purposes of the invention.

[0520] Compounds of formula IA can exist in unsolvated and solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms, with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like, are equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention.

[0521] This invention also includes Prodrugs of the novel compounds of this invention. The term "prodrug," as used herein, represents compounds which are rapidly transformed in vivo to the parent compound of the above formula, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0522] This invention also includes the compounds of this invention in isolated and pure form.

[0523] For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds described by this invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g., magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington: is The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20.sup.th Edition, (2000), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.

[0524] Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.

[0525] Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.

[0526] Also included are solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.

[0527] The compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally. The transdermal composition can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.

[0528] Preferably the compound is administered orally.

[0529] Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.

[0530] The quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 750 mg, more preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, and most preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, according to the particular application.

[0531] The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.

[0532] The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of the invention and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the symptoms being treated. A typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 0.04 mg/day to about 4000 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.

[0533] Classes of compounds that can be used as the chemotherapeutic agent (antineoplastic agent) include: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products and their derivatives, hormones and steroids (including synthetic analogs), and synthetics. Examples of compounds within these classes are given below.

[0534] Alkylating agents (including nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas and triazenes): Uracil mustard, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan.RTM.), Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Pipobroman, Triethylene-melamine, Triethylenethiophosphoramine, Busulfan, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin, Dacarbazine, and Temozolomide.

[0535] Antimetabolites (including folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors): Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine, Fludarabine phosphate, Pentostatine, and Gemcitabine.

[0536] Natural products and their derivatives (including vinca alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, enzymes, lymphokines and epipodophyllotoxins): Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunomubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, paclitaxel (paclitaxel is commercially available as Taxol.RTM. and is described in more detail below in the subsection entitled "Microtubule Affecting Agents"), Mithramycin, Deoxyco-formycin, Mitomycin-C, L-Asparaginase, Interferons (especially IFN-.alpha.), Etoposide, and Teniposide.

[0537] Hormones and steroids (including synthetic analogs): 17.alpha.-Ethinylestradiol, Diethylstilbestrol, Testosterone, Prednisone, Fluoxymesterone, Dromostanolone propionate, Testolactone, Megestrolacetate, Tamoxifen, Methylprednisolone, Methyl-testosterone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Chlorotrianisene, Hydroxyprogesterone, Aminoglutethimide, Estramustine, Medroxyprogesteroneacetate, Leuprolide, Flutamide, Toremifene, Zoladex.

[0538] Synthetics (including inorganic complexes such as platinum coordination complexes): Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Hydroxyurea, Amsacrine, Procarbazine, Mitotane, Mitoxantrone, Levamisole, and Hexamethylmelamine.

[0539] Methods for the safe and effective administration of most of these chemotherapeutic agents are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, their administration is described in the standard literature. For example, the administration of many of the chemotherapeutic agents is described in the "Physicians' Desk Reference" (PDR), e.g., 2002 edition (Medical Economics Company, Montvale, N.J. 07645-1742, USA); the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

[0540] As used herein, a microtubule affecting agent is a compound that interferes with cellular mitosis, i.e., having an anti-mitotic effect, by affecting microtubule formation and/or action. Such agents can be, for instance, microtubule stabilizing agents or agents that disrupt microtubule formation.

[0541] Microtubule affecting agents useful in the invention are well known to those of skill in the art and include, but are not limited to allocolchicine (NSC 406042), Halichondrin B (NSC 609395), colchicine (NSC 757), colchicine derivatives (e.g., NSC 33410), dolastatin 10 (NSC 376128), maytansine (NSC 153858), rhizoxin (NSC 332598), paclitaxel (Taxol.RTM., NSC 125973), Taxol.RTM. derivatives (e.g., derivatives (e.g., NSC 608832), thiocolchicine (NSC 361792), trityl cysteine (NSC 83265), vinblastine sulfate (NSC 49842), vincristine sulfate (NSC 67574), epothilone A, epothilone, and discodermolide (see Service, (1996) Science, 274:2009) estramustine, nocodazole, MAP4, and the like. Examples of such agents are also described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g., Bulinski (1997) J. Cell Sci. 110:3055-3064; Panda (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:10560-10564; Muhlradt (1997) Cancer Res. 57:3344-3346; Nicolaou (1997) Nature 387:268-272; Vasquez (1997) Mol. Biol. Cell. 8:973-985; Panda (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:29807-29812.

[0542] Particularly preferred agents are compounds with paclitaxel-like activity. These include, but are not limited to paclitaxel and paclitaxel derivatives (paclitaxel-like compounds) and analogues. Paclitaxel and its derivatives are available commercially. In addition, methods of making paclitaxel and paclitaxel derivatives and analogues are well known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos: 5,569,729; 5,565,478; 5,530,020; 5,527,924; 5,508,447; 5,489,589; 5,488,116; 5,484,809; 5,478,854; 5,478,736; 5,475,120; 5,468,769; 5,461,169; 5,440,057; 5,422,364; 5,411,984; 5,405,972; and 5,296,506).

[0543] More specifically, the term "paclitaxel" as used herein refers to the drug commercially available as Taxol.RTM.(NSC number: 125973). Taxol.RTM. inhibits eukaryotic cell replication by enhancing polymerization of tubulin moieties into stabilized microtubule bundles that are unable to reorganize into the proper structures for mitosis. Of the many available chemotherapeutic drugs, paclitaxel has generated interest because of its efficacy in clinical trials against drug-refractory tumors, including ovarian and mammary gland tumors (Hawkins (1992) Oncology, 6: 17-23, Horwitz (1992) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13: 134-146, Rowinsky (1990) J. Natl. Canc. Inst. 82: 1247-1259).

[0544] Additional microtubule affecting agents can be assessed using one of many such assays known in the art, e.g., a semiautomated assay which measures the tubulin-polymerizing activity of paclitaxel analogs in combination with a cellular assay to measure the potential of these compounds to block cells in mitosis (see Lopes (1997) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 41:37-47).

[0545] Generally, activity of a test compound is determined by contacting a cell with that compound and determining whether or not the cell cycle is disrupted, in particular, through the inhibition of a mitotic event. Such inhibition may be mediated by disruption of the mitotic apparatus, e.g., disruption of normal spindle formation. Cells in which mitosis is interrupted may be characterized by altered morphology (e.g., microtubule compaction, increased chromosome number, etc.).

[0546] Compounds with possible tubulin polymerization activity can be screened in vitro. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds are screened against cultured WR21 cells (derived from line 69-2 wap-ras mice) for inhibition of proliferation and/or for altered cellular morphology, in particular for microtubule compaction. In vivo screening of positive-testing compounds can then be performed using nude mice bearing the WR21 tumor cells. Detailed protocols for this screening method are described by Porter (1995) Lab. Anim. Sci., 45(2):145-150.

[0547] Other methods of screening compounds for desired activity are well known to those of skill in the art. Typically such assays involve assays for inhibition of microtubule assembly and/or disassembly. Assays for microtubule assembly are described, for example, by Gaskin et al. (1974) J. Molec. Biol., 89: 737-758. U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,720 also provides in vitro and in vivo assays for compounds with paclitaxel-like activity.

[0548] Methods for the safe and effective administration of the above-mentioned microtubule affecting agents are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, their administration is described in the standard literature. For example, the administration of many of the chemotherapeutic agents is described in the "Physicians' Desk Reference" (PDR), e.g., 1996 edition (Medical Economics Company, Montvale, N.J. 07645-1742, USA); the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

[0549] The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of formula IA and the chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation therapy will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician (physician) considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the disease being treated. A dosage regimen of the compound of formula IA can be oral administration of from 10 mg to 2000 mg/day, preferably 10 to 1000 mg/day, more preferably 50 to 600 mg/day, in two to four (preferably two) divided doses, to block tumor growth. Intermittant therapy (e.g., one week out of three weeks or three out of four weeks) may also be used.

[0550] The chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be administered according to therapeutic protocols well known in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be varied depending on the disease being treated and the known effects of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy on that disease. Also, in accordance with the knowledge of the skilled clinician, the therapeutic protocols (e.g., dosage amounts and times of administration) can be varied in view of the observed effects of the administered therapeutic agents (i.e., antineoplastic agent or radiation) on the patient, and in view of the observed responses of the disease to the administered therapeutic agents.

[0551] In the methods of this invention, a compound of formula IA is administered concurrently or sequentially with a chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation. Thus, it is not necessary that, for example, the chemotherapeutic agent and the compound of formula IA, or the radiation and the compound of formula IA, should be administered simultaneously or essentially simultaneously. The advantage of a simultaneous or essentially simultaneous administration is well within the determination of the skilled clinician.

[0552] Also, in general, the compound of formula IA and the chemotherapeutic agent do not have to be administered in the same pharmaceutical composition, and may, because of different physical and chemical characteristics, have to be administered by different routes. For example, the compound of formula IA may be administered orally to generate and maintain good blood levels thereof, while the chemotherapeutic agent may be administered intravenously. The determination of the mode of administration and the advisability of administration, where possible, in the same pharmaceutical composition, is well within the knowledge of the skilled clinician. The initial administration can be made according to established protocols known in the art, and then, based upon the observed effects, the dosage, modes of administration and times of administration can be modified by the skilled clinician.

[0553] The particular choice of a compound of formula IA, and chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation will depend upon the diagnosis of the attending physicians and their judgement of the condition of the patient and the appropriate treatment protocol.

[0554] The compound of formula IA, and chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation may be administered concurrently (e.g., simultaneously, essentially simultaneously or within the same treatment protocol) or sequentially, depending upon the nature of the proliferative disease, the condition of the patient, and the actual choice of chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation to be administered in conjunction (i.e., within a single treatment protocol) with the compound of formula or IA.

[0555] If the compound of formula IA, and the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation are not administered simultaneously or essentially simultaneously, then the initial order of administration of the compound of formula IA, and the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, may not be important. Thus, the compound of formula IA may be administered first, followed by the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation; or the chemo-therapeutic agent and/or radiation may be administered first, followed by the administration of the compound of formula IA. This alternate administration may be repeated during a single treatment protocol. The determination of the order of administration, and the number of repetitions of administration of each therapeutic agent during a treatment protocol, is well within the knowledge of the skilled physician after evaluation of the disease being treated and the condition of the patient.

[0556] For example, the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation may be administered first, especially if it is a cytotoxic agent, and then the treatment continued with the administration of the compound of formula IA followed, where determined advantageous, by the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, and so on until the treatment protocol is complete.

[0557] Thus, in accordance with experience and knowledge, the practicing physician can modify each protocol for the administration of a component (therapeutic agent--i.e., the compound of formula IA, chemotherapeutic agent or radiation) of the treatment according to the individual patient's needs, as the treatment proceeds.

[0558] The attending clinician, in judging whether treatment is effective at the dosage administered, will consider the general well-being of the patient as well as more definite signs such as relief of disease-related symptoms, inhibition of tumor growth, actual shrinkage of the tumor, or inhibition of metastasis. Size of the tumor can be measured by standard methods such as radio-logical studies, e.g., CAT or MRI scan, and successive measurements can be used to judge whether or not growth of the tumor has been retarded or even reversed. Relief of disease-related symptoms such as pain, and improvement in overall condition can also be used to help judge effectiveness of treatment.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES

[0559] The compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of CXC-chemokine mediated conditions and diseases. This utility is manifested in their ability to inhibit IL-8 and GRO-.alpha. chemokine as demonstrated by the following in vitro assays.

[0560] Receptor Binding Assays:

[0561] CXCR1 SPA Assay

[0562] For each well of a 96 well plate, a reaction mixture of 10 .mu.g hCXCR1-CHO overexpressing membranes (Biosignal) and 200 .mu.g/well WGA-SPA beads (Amersham) in 100 .mu.l was prepared in CXCR1 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 2 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2, 125 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA) (Sigma). A 0.4 nM stock of ligand, [125I]-IL-8 (NEN) was prepared in the CXCR1 assay buffer. 20.times. stock solutions of test compounds were prepared in DMSO (Sigma). A 6.times. stock solution of IL-8 (R&D) was prepared in CXCR2 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a 96-well assay plate (PerkinElmer) as follows: 10 .mu.l test compound or DMSO, 40 .mu.l CXCR1 assay buffer or IL-8 stock, 100 .mu.l of reaction mixture, 50 .mu.l of ligand stock (Final [Ligand]=0.1 nM). The assay plates were shaken for 5 minutes on plate shaker, then incubated for 8 hours before cpm/well were determined in Microbeta Trilux counter (PerkinElmer). % Inhibition of Total binding-NSB (250 nM IL-8) was determined for IC.sub.50 values.

[0563] Alternative CXCR1 SPA Assay

[0564] Protocol using CXCR1-Expressing Membranes from Biosiqnal Packard

[0565] For each 50 .mu.l reaction, a working stock of 0.25 .mu.g/.mu.l hCXCR1-CHO over-expressing membranes with a specific activity of 0.05 pmol/mg (Biosignal Packard) and 25 .mu.g/.mu.l WGA-SPA beads (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) was prepared in CXCR1 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 0.1 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl) (Sigma). This mixture was incubated on ice for 30 minutes and then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes. The beads and membranes were resuspended in CXCR1 assay buffer to the same concentrations as in the original mixture. A 0.125 nM stock of ligand, [.sup.125I]-IL-8 (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences), was prepared in the CXCR1 assay buffer. Test compounds were first serially diluted by half-logs in DMSO (Sigma) and then diluted 20-fold in CXCR1 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a Corning NBS (non-binding surface) 96-well assay plate as follows: 20 .mu.l test compound or 5% DMSO (final [DMSO]=2%), 20 .mu.l of membranes and SPA bead mixture (Final [membrane]=5 .mu.g/reaction; Final [SPA bead]=500 .mu.g/reaction), 10 .mu.l of ligand stock (Final [.sup.125I-IL-8]=0.025 nM). The assay plates were incubated for 4 hours before cpm/well were determined in a Microbeta Trilux counter (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). IC.sub.50 values were quantified using nonlinear regression analysis in GraphPad Prism.

[0566] Alternative CXCR1 SPA Assay

[0567] Protocol using CXCR1-Expressing Membranes from Euroscreen

[0568] For each 50 .mu.l reaction, a working stock of 0.025 .mu.g/.mu.l hCXCR1-CHO over-expressing membranes with a specific activity of 3.47 pmol/mg (Euroscreen) and 5 .mu.g/.mu.l WGA-SPA beads (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) was prepared in CXCR1 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 2.0 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2, 125 mM NaCl) (Sigma). This mixture was incubated on ice for 5 minutes. A 0.125 nM stock of ligand, [.sup.125I]-IL-8 (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences), was prepared in the CXCR1 assay buffer. Test compounds were first serially diluted by half-logs in DMSO (Sigma) and then diluted 13.3-fold in CXCR1 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a Corning NBS (non-binding surface) 96-well assay plate as follows: 20 .mu.l test compound or 7.5% DMSO (final [DMSO]=3%), 20 .mu.l of membranes and SPA bead mixture (Final [membrane]=0.5 .mu.g/reaction; Final [SPA bead]=100 .mu.g/reaction), 10 .mu.l of ligand stock (Final [.sup.125I-IL-8]=0.025 nM). The assay plates were incubated for 4 hours before cpm/well were determined in a Microbeta Trilux counter (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). IC.sub.50 values were quantified using nonlinear regression analysis in GraphPad Prism.

[0569] For the CXCR1 assay, compounds of this invention had an IC.sub.50 of <20 .mu.M. Most preferred compounds (a1) to (a21) had a K.sub.i within the range of 4 nM to 3000 nM. The compound of Example 56 (i.e., (a9)) had a K.sub.i of 4 nM, the compound of Example 201.1 (i.e., (a20)) had a K.sub.i of 123 nM, and the compound of Example 201.9 (i.e., (a21)) had a K.sub.i of 50 nM.

[0570] CXCR2 SPA Assay

[0571] For each well of a 96 well plate, a reaction mixture of 4 .mu.g hCXCR2-CHO overexpressing membranes (Biosignal) and 200 .mu.g/well WGA-SPA beads (Amersham) in 100 .mu.l was prepared in CXCR2 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2). A 0.4 nM stock of ligand, [125I]-IL-8 (NEN), was prepared in the CXCR2 assay buffer. 20.times. stock solutions of test compounds were prepared in DMSO (Sigma). A 6.times. stock solution of GRO-.alpha. (R&D) was prepared in CXCR2 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a 96-well assay plate (PerkinElmer or Corning) as follows: 10 .mu.l test compound or DMSO, 40 ul CXCR2 assay buffer or GRO-.alpha. stock, 100 .mu.l of reaction mixture, 50 .mu.l of ligand stock (Final [Ligand]=0.1 nM). When 40.times. stock solutions of test compounds in DMSO were prepared, then the above protocol was used except instead 5 .mu.l test compound or DMSO and 45 .mu.l CXCR2 assay buffer were used. The assay plates were shaken for 5 minutes on a plate shaker, then incubated for 2-8 hours before cpm/well were determined in Microbeta Trilux counter (PerkinElmer). % Inhibition of total binding minus non-specific binding (250 nM Gro-.alpha. or 50 .mu.M antagonist) was determined and IC50 values calculated. Compounds of this invention had an IC.sub.50 of <5 .mu.M.

[0572] Alternative CXCR2 SPA Assay

[0573] Protocol using the CXCR2 50 .mu.l Assay

[0574] For each 50 .mu.l reaction, a working stock of 0.031 .mu.g/.mu.l hCXCR2-CHO over-expressing membranes with a specific activity of 0.4 pmol/mg (Biosignal Packard) and 2.5 .mu.g/.mu.l WGA-SPA beads (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) was prepared in CXCR2 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2.0 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2) (Sigma). This mixture was incubated on ice for 5 minutes. A 0.50 nM stock of ligand, [.sup.125I]-IL-8 (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences), was prepared in the CXCR2 assay buffer. Test compounds were first serially diluted by half-logs in DMSO (Sigma) and then diluted 13.3-fold in CXCR2 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a Corning NBS (non-binding surface) 96-well assay plate as follows: 20 .mu.l test compound or 7.5% DMSO (final [DMSO]=3%), 20 .mu.l of membranes and SPA bead mixture (final [membrane]=0.625 .mu.g/reaction; final [SPA bead]=50 .mu.g/reaction), 10 .mu.l of ligand stock (final [.sup.125I-IL-8]=0.10 nM). The assay plates were incubated for 2 hours before cpm/well were determined in a Microbeta Trilux counter (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). IC.sub.50 values were quantified using nonlinear regression analysis in GraphPad Prism.

[0575] Alternative CXCR2 SPA Assay

[0576] Protocol using the CXCR2 200 .mu.l Assay

[0577] For each 200 .mu.l reaction, a working stock of 0.02 .mu.g/.mu.l hCXCR2-CHO over-expressing membranes with a specific activity of 0.6 pmol/mg (Biosignal Packard) and 2 .mu.g/.mu.l WGA-SPA beads (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) was prepared in CXCR2 assay buffer (25 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2.0 mM CaCl.sub.2, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2) (Sigma). This mixture was incubated on ice for 5 minutes. A 0.40 nM stock of ligand, [.sup.125I]-IL-8 (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences), was prepared in the CXCR2 assay buffer. Test compounds were first serially diluted by half-logs in DMSO (Sigma) and then diluted 20-fold in CXCR2 assay buffer. The above solutions were added to a Corning NBS (non-binding surface) 96-well assay plate as follows: 50 .mu.l test compound or 10% DMSO (final [DMSO]=2.5%), 100 .mu.l of membranes and SPA bead mixture (final [membrane]=2 .mu.g/reaction; final [SPA bead]=200 .mu.g/reaction), 50 .mu.l of ligand stock (final [.sup.125I-IL-8]=0.10 nM). The assay plates were incubated for 2 hours before cpm/well were determined in a Microbeta Trilux counter (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). IC.sub.50 values were quantified using nonlinear regression analysis in GraphPad Prism.

[0578] For the CXCR2 assay, most preferred compounds (a1) to (a21) had a K.sub.i within the range of 2 nM to 36 nM. The compound of Example 56 (i.e., (a9)) had a K.sub.i of 7 nM, the compound of Example 201.1 (i.e., (a20)) had a K.sub.i of 3.5 nM, and the compound of Example 201.9 (i.e., (a21)) had a K.sub.i of 2.7 nM.

[0579] Calcium Fluorescence Assay (FLIPR)

[0580] HEK 293 cells stably transfected with hCXCR2 and G.alpha./q were plated at 10,000 cells per well in a Poly-D-Lysine Black/Clear plate (Becton Dickinson) and incubated 48 hours at 5% CO.sub.2, 37.degree. C. The cultures were then incubated with 4 mM fluo-4, AM (Molecular Probes) in Dye Loading Buffer (1 % FBS, HBSS w. Ca & Mg, 20 mM HEPES (Cellgro), 2.5 mM Probenicid (Sigma) for 1 hour. The cultures were washed with wash buffer (HBSS w Ca, & Mg, 20 mM HEPES, Probenicid (2.5 mM)) three times, then 100 .mu.l/well wash buffer was added.

[0581] During incubation, compounds were prepared as 4.times. stocks in 0.4% DMSO (Sigma) and wash buffer and added to their respective wells in the first addition plate. IL-8 or GRO-.alpha. (R&D Systems) concentrations were prepared 4.times. in wash buffer+0.1 % BSA and added to their respective wells in second addition plate.

[0582] Culture plate and both addition plates were then placed in the FLIPR imaging system to determine change in calcium fluorescence upon addition of compound and then ligand. Briefly, 50 .mu.l of compound solutions or DMSO solution was added to respective wells and change in calcium fluorescence measured by the FLIPR for 1 minute. After a 3 minute incubation within the instrument, 50 .mu.l of ligand was then added and the change in calcium fluorescence measured by the FLIPR instrument for 1 minute. The area under each stimulation curve was determined and values used to determine % Stimulation by compound (agonist) and % Inhibition of Total Calcium response to ligand (0.3 nM IL-8 or GRO-.alpha.) for IC50 values of the test compounds.

[0583] Chemotaxis Assays for 293-CXCR2

[0584] A chemotaxis assay is setup using Fluorblok inserts (Falcon) for 293-CXCR2 cells (HEK-293 cells overexpressing human CXCR2). The standard protocol used at present is as follows:

[0585] 1. Inserts are coated with collagenIV (2 ug/ml) for 2 hrs at 37.degree. C.

[0586] 2. The collagen is removed and inserts are allowed to air dry overnight.

[0587] 3. Cells are labeled with 10 uM calcein AM (Molecular Probes) for 2 hrs. Labeling is done in complete media with 2% FBS.

[0588] 4. Dilutions of compound are made in minimal media (0.1% BSA) and placed inside the insert which is positioned inside the well of a 24 well plate. Within the well is IL-8 at a concentration of 0.25 nM in minimal media. Cells are washed and resuspended in minimal media and placed inside the insert at a concentration of 50,000 cells per insert.

[0589] 5. Plate is incubated for 2 hrs and inserts are removed and placed in a new 24 well. Fluorescence is detected at excitation=485 nM and emission=530 nM.

[0590] Cytotoxicity Assays

[0591] A cytotoxicity assay for CXCR2 compounds is conducted on 293-CXCR2 cells. Concentrations of compounds are tested for toxicity at high concentrations to determine if they may be used for further evaluation in binding and cell based assays. The protocol is as follows:

[0592] 1. 293-CXCR2 cells are plated overnight at a concentration of 5000 cells per well in complete media.

[0593] 2. Dilutions of compound are made in minimal media w/0.1% BSA. Complete media is poured off and the dilutions of compound are added. Plates are incubated for 4, 24 and 48 hrs. Cells are labeled with 10 uM calcein AM for 15 minutes to determine cell viability. Detection method is the same as above.

[0594] Soft Agar Assay

[0595] 10,000 SKMEL-5 cells/well are placed in a mixture of 1.2% agar and complete media with various dilutions of compound. Final concentration of agar is 0.6%. After 21 days viable cell colonies are stained with a solution of MTT (1 mg/ml in PBS). Plates are then scanned to determine colony number and size. IC.sub.50 is determined by comparing total area vs. compound concentration.

[0596] CCR7 Membrane Preparation.

[0597] Ba/F3-CCR7 membranes were prepared as previously described (Hipkin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 1997, 13869-76). Cells were pelleted by centrifugation, incubated in homogenization buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM EDTA, 3 mM EGTA, pH 7.6) and 1 .mu.M PMSF for 30 min. on ice. The cells were then lysed with a Dounce homogenizer using stirrer type RZR3 polytron homogenizer (Caframo, Wiarton, Ont.) with 12 strokes at 900 RPM. The intact cells and nuclei were removed by centrifugation at 500.times.g for 5 min. The cell membranes in the supernatant were then pelleted by centrifugation at 100,000.times.g for 30 min. The membranes were then resuspended in glygly buffer (20 mM glycylglycine, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2, 250 mM sucrose, pH 7.2), aliquoted, quick frozen and stored at -80.degree. C.

[0598] CCR7 [.sup.35S]GTP.gamma.S Exchange Assay.

[0599] The exchange of guanosine 5'-[.gamma.-.sup.35S]triphospate ([.sup.35S]GTP.gamma.S, triethylammonium salt; specific activity=1250 Ci/mmol; NEN Boston, Mass.) was measured using a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) as previously described (Cox, et. al., Mol. Pharmacol., 59, 2001, 707-15). For each assay point, 2 .mu.g of membrane was preincubated for 30 min at room temperature with 200 .mu.g wheat germ agglutinin-coated SPA beads (WGA-SPA; Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.) in SPA binding buffer (50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA, pH 7.6). The beads and membranes were transferred to a 96-well Isoplate (Wallac, Gaithersburg, Md.) and incubated with 10 .mu.M guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) in the presence or absence of 2 nM MIP-3.beta. and/or compounds for 60 min at room temperature. The incubation continued for another 60 min. following the addition of 0.1 nM [.sup.35S]GTP.gamma.S. Membrane-bound [.sup.35S]GTP.gamma.S was measured using a 1450 Microbeta Trilux counter (Wallac, Gaithersburg, Md.).

[0600] There were compounds of this invention that had an EC.sub.50 of <10 .mu.M. The compound of Example 2065 had an EC.sub.50 of 13 nM, the compound of Example 2066 had an EC.sub.50 of 16 nM, the compound of Example 2105 had an EC.sub.50 of 3 nM, and the compound of Example 2106 had an EC.sub.50 of 12 nM.

[0601] Compounds of formula IA may be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art, in the following reaction schemes, and in the preparations and examples below.

[0602] A general procedure for the preparation of compounds of formula IA is as follows: 219

[0603] Compounds of this invention are prepared by condensing an amine (either A-NH.sub.2 or B--NH.sub.2) with dimethoxythiadiazoledioxide to give the monomethoxy-thiadiazoledioxide intermediate. Subsequent condensation of this intermediate with the commercially available or prepared amine (either A-NH.sub.2 or B--NH.sub.2) provides the desired chemokine antagonist. 220

[0604] Thiadiazoleoxide compounds are prepared similarly starting with dimethoxythiadiazoleoxide. Sequential condensation with amine A-NH.sub.2 or B--NH.sub.2 as described above provides the desired antagonist.

[0605] The invention disclosed herein is exemplified by the following preparations and examples which should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures may be apparent to those skilled in the art.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

[0606] 221

[0607] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (500 mg, 2.7 mmol), DCC (563 mg) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were combined and stirred for 10 min. (R)-(-)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (0.27 mL) was added and the resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solid was filtered and the filtrate washed with 1 N NaOH. The aqueous phase was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The resulting organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by preparative plate chromatography (silica gel, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 saturated with AcOH) gave the product (338 mg, 46%, MH.sup.+=267).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

[0608] 222

[0609] Step A

[0610] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (9.2 g), bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP, 23 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 26 mL) in anhydrous CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (125 mL) were combined and stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 min. (R)-(+)-3-pyrrolidinol (8.7 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (25 mL) was added over 25 min and the resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was extracted with 1 M NaOH (aq) and the organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was acidified with 1 M HCl (aq), extracted with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product (7 g) which was used without further purification.

[0611] Step B

[0612] The crude product from Step A above was stirred with 10% Pd/C (0.7 g) in MeOH (100 mL) under a hydrogen gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 10% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 saturated with NH.sub.4OH) to give the product (2.5 g, 41%, MH+=223).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.1

[0613] 223

[0614] To N--BOC-3-(amino)piperidine (0.5 g) dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) was added benzylisocyanate (3 mmol). After stirring for 2 hrs, amine scavenger resin (1.9 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight, filtered, the resin back-washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and methanol, and the organics concentrated in vacuo. Stirring of the crude material in 4N HCl/dioxane (40 mL) for 2.5 hrs before concentrating in vacuo gave the title compound (41%, MH+=369).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.2-2.6

[0615] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 2.1 but using the isocyanate (or chloroformate) indicated in the Table below, the amines were obtained and used without further purification.

1 Prep Ex. Amine Isocyanate Amine 2.2 224 225 226 2.3 227 228 229 2.4 230 231 232 2.5 233 234 235 2.6 236 237 238

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.7

[0616] 239

[0617] To N--BOC-3-(amino)piperidine (5 mmol) dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (5 mmol) and the mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL). After stirring for 2 hr, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (43%, MH+=233.1).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.8

[0618] 240

[0619] Step A

[0620] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (5 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (5 mmol) were added to a solution of 2% DMF/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, followed by DCC (5 mmol). After stirring for 2 hr, the mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo and the residue used directly in Step B.

[0621] Step B

[0622] The product from Step A above was suspended in DMF and to this was added morpholino-2-carboxylic acid HCl (5 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL)/DMF (5 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (10 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight, filtered, basified with 1 N NaOH (50 mL), washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, acidified with 5N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound which was used directly in Step C (MH+=296).

[0623] Step C

[0624] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2 Step B, but using the product from Step B above, the title compound was obtained (23%, MH+=267).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.9

[0625] 241

[0626] Step A

[0627] 2-Piperazinecarboxylic acid and 2-chloro-1,3-pyrimidine were stirred with triethylamine and MeOH. After stirring overnight at reflux, the mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound which was used directly in Step B (MH+=209).

[0628] Step B

[0629] Following a similar procedure as Preparative Example 2.8, Step B except using the product from Preparative Example 2.9 Step A above, the desired compound was obtained (41%, MH+=374).

[0630] Step C

[0631] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B, but using the product from Step B above, the desired compound was obtained (99%, MH+=344).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.10

[0632] 242

[0633] Step A

[0634] Following a similar procedure as Preparative Example 2.8, Step A except using 3-nitrobenzoic acid, the desired compound was obtained and used directly in Step B.

[0635] Step B

[0636] Following a similar procedure as Preparative Example 2.8, Step B except using the products from Preparative Example 2.9, Step A and Preparative Example 2.10, Step A, the desired compound was obtained (86%).

[0637] Step C

[0638] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B, but using the product from Step B above, the desired compound was obtained (67%, MH+=331).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.11

[0639] 243

[0640] Step A

[0641] N-Benzylpiperidone (2 g, HCl salt, hydrate) was stirred with THF (20 mL), concentrated to dryness, and placed under high vac. The residue was diluted in THF (20 mL), and methyllithium was added (2.5 eq of 1.6N in Et.sub.2O) via syringe. After stirring for 3 hr, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Filtration and concentrating in vacuo gave the desired product (50%, MH+=205).

[0642] Step B

[0643] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B, but using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (95%, MH+=116).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.12

[0644] 244

[0645] Step A

[0646] To N-benzyl-N-methylamine (20 mmol) dissolved in acetone (50 mL) was added concentrated HCl (20 mmol), paraformaldehyde (30 mmol) and 2-propanol (2 mL). After stirring at reflux overnight, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, basified to pH 14 and extracted with ether. The organic phase was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired product (98%) which was used directly in Step B.

[0647] Step B

[0648] The product from Step A above (500 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and to this was added NaBH.sub.4 (50 mg). After stirring for 10 min, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound which was used directly in Step C without purification.

[0649] Step C

[0650] The product from Step B above was diluted with MeOH (20 mL) and to this was added AcOH (0.1 mL), a catalytic amount of Pd/C (10%) and the mixture stirred under H.sub.2 atmosphere (balloon) overnight. The mixture was filtered, 4N HCl in dioxane (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound that was used directly without purification.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.13

[0651] 245

[0652] Step A

[0653] Following a similar procedure as Preparative Example 2, Step A except using methyl glycinate, the desired ester was obtained. The mixture was poured into 200 mL of 1N NaOH, then extracted with dichloromethane. The pH was adjusted to 1 and NaCl was added until saturation. After several hours, the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with cold water to give the desired product (42%).

[0654] Step B

[0655] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2 Step B, but using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (95%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.14

[0656] 246

[0657] Step A

[0658] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2.13, Step A except using methyl N-methylglycinate, the desired product was obtained (18%).

[0659] Step B

[0660] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B, but using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (95%, MH+=225).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2.16

[0661] 247

[0662] The above n-oxide (2 g) was combined with H.sub.2NMe/H.sub.2O (15 cm.sup.3) and heated to 140.degree. C. overnight. Potassium carbonate (1.3 g) added and the mixture concentrated in vacuo. Extraction with EtOH and concentration of the filtrate in vacuo gave 1.56 g of crude amine (MH+=125).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3-10.50

[0663] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Examples 1-2 but using the carboxylic acid, amine, and coupling agent [DCC (Prep. Ex. 1) or PyBrop (Prep. Ex. 2)] listed in the Table below, the indicated amide products were obtained and used without further purification.

2 Product 1. Coupling Agent Prep 2. % yield Ex. Carboxylic acid Amine 3. MH.sup.+ 3 248 249 250 1. PyBrop 2. 87, 86 3. 181 4 251 252 253 1. PyBroP 2. 49 3. 209 5 254 NH.sub.3 255 1. PyBroP 2. 95 3. 153 6 256 --NH.sub.2 257 1. PyBroP 2. 83 3. 167 7 258 259 260 1. PyBroP 2. 76 3. 223 8 261 262 263 1. PyBroP 2. 65, 53 3. 209 9 264 265 266 1. PyBroP 2. 59, 69 3. 207 10 267 268 269 1. PyBroP 2. 49, 86 3. 237 10.1 270 271 272 1. PyBroP 2. 30, 88 3. 193 10.2 273 274 275 1. PyBroP 2. 26, 87 3. 195 10.3 276 277 278 1. PyBroP 2. 38 3. 209 10.4 279 280 281 1. PyBroP 2. 29 3. 209 10.5 282 283 284 1. PyBroP 2. 38 3. 223 10.6 285 286 287 1. PyBroP 2. 32, 99 3. 367.9 10.7 288 289 290 1. PyBroP 2. 35, 99 3. 237 10.8 291 292 293 1. DCC 2. 30, 99 3. 269 10.9 294 2.11 295 296 1. PyBroP 2. 58, 95 3. 233.1 10.10 297 2.12 298 299 1. PyBroP 2. 42, 95 3. 238.9 10.13 300 2.4 301 302 1. PyBroP 2. 51, 95 3. 307 10.14 303 2.2 304 305 1. PyBroP 2. 55 3. 347 10.15 306 2.1 307 308 1. PyBroP 2. 41 3. 369.1 10.16 309 2.3 310 311 1. PyBroP 2. 56 3. 354.9 10.17 312 2.5 313 314 1. PyBroP 2. 56 3. 308 10.18 315 12.4 316 317 1. PyBroP 2. 10, 95 3. 252.9 10.19 318 319 320 1. PyBroP 2. 42, 95 3. 249 10.20 321 322 323 1. PyBroP 2. 15, 95 3. 264.9 10.21 324 325 326 1. PyBroP 2. 64, 95 3. 273 10.22 327 328 329 1. PyBroP 2. 45, 95 3. 273 10.23 330 331 332 1. PyBroP 2. 44, 95 3. 281 10.24 333 334 335 1. PyBroP 2. 41, 95 3. 281.1 10.25 336 337 338 1. PyBroP 2. 48, 95 3. 257 10.26 339 340 341 1. DCC 2. 15, 99 3. 235 10.28 342 343 344 1. PyBroP 2. 52, 95 3. 237.1 10.29 345 346 347 1. PyBroP 2. 31.95 3. 259.1 10.30 348 349 350 1. PyBroP 2. 54, 95 3. 250.9 10.31 351 352 353 1. PyBroP 2. 64, 95 3. 210.9 10.32 354 355 356 1. PyBroP 2. 47, 95 3. 197 10.33 357 358 359 1. PyBroP 2. 47, 95 3. 273 10.34 360 361 362 1. PyBroP 2. 51, 95 3. 237.1 10.35 363 364 365 1. PyBroP 2. 60, 90 3. 224 10.36 366 367 368 1. PyBroP 2. 65, 99 3. 252 10.37 369 370 371 1. PyBroP 2. 58, 99 3. 239 10.38 372 373 374 1. PyBroP 2. 35, 99 3. 221.1 10.39 375 376 377 1. PyBroP 2. 42, 99 3. 235.2 10.40 378 379 380 1. DCC 2. 32, 99 3. 293.1 10.41 381 382 383 1. PyBroP 2. 45, 99 3. 223.1 10.42 384 385 386 1. PyBroP 2. 55, 81 3. 251.1 10.43 387 388 389 1. PyBroP 2. 68, 66 3. 224.9 10.44 390 391 392 1. PyBroP 2. 68, 66 3. 241.1 10.45 393 12.3 394 395 1. PyBroP 2. 44, 40 3. 295 10.46 396 397 398 1. DCC 2. 37, 81 3. 265 10.47 399 2.6 400 401 1. PyBroP 2. 71, 95 3. 293.1 10.48 402 403 404 1. PyBroP 2. 35, 99 3. 220.9 10.49 405 406 407 1. DCC 2. 16, 99 3. 209.0 10.50 408 409 410 1. DCC 2. 18, 99 3. 264.0

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 10.55

ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE TO PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

[0664] Step A 411

[0665] To the nitrosalicylic acid (3 g) dissolved dichloromethane (150 mL) at room temperature was added oxalyl chloride (4.3 mL) and DMF (0.01 eq.). After stirring for one day the mixture was concentrated in a vacuum to give a semi solid which was used directly in step B.

[0666] Step B 412

[0667] To the material from step A diluted in dichloromethane (50 mL) and cooled to 0.degree. C. was added dimethyl amine in THF (2N solution, 24.6 mL) and triethylamine (4 eq.). After stirring for 24 hours at room temperature the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with 1 M sodium hydroxide (30 mL) and after a half hour was washed with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was acidified with 6M HCl (aq), extracted with dichloromethane and the organic phase was washed with water, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated to give the title compound (3.2 g, 93%).

[0668] Step C 413

[0669] A mixture of the product from step B above (6 g), 10% Pd/C (0.6 g), and EtOH (80 mL) was stirred in a parr shaker under hydrogen (40 psi) at room temperature for 2 days. Filtration through celite and concentration in vacuo afforded the title product (5.1 g, 99%, MH+=181).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 1

[0670] 414

[0671] Step A

[0672] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 1 except using dimethylamine (2M in THF, 33 mL) and 5-methylsalicylic acid (5 g), the desired product was prepared (6.5 g).

[0673] Step B

[0674] Nitric acid (0.8 mL) in H.sub.2SO.sub.4 was added to a cooled (-20.degree. C.) suspension of the product from Step A above (3 g) in H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (25 mL). The mixture was treated with 50% NaOH (aq) dropwise, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a crude solid (2.1 g, 44%, MH.sup.+=225).

[0675] Step C

[0676] The product was prepared in the same manner as described in Step B of Preparative Example 2 (0.7 g, 99%, MH.sup.+=195).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11.1

[0677] 415

[0678] Step A

[0679] The above amine was reacted with the acid using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step A to yield the desired amide (54%).

[0680] Step B

[0681] Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.4 (1.22 g) was dissolved in water (4 ml) followed by the addition of NH.sub.3/H.sub.2O (300 ul). The solution ws then added to the product from Step A (200 mg) in dioxane (4ml) and stirred for 30min. The crude material was purified via flash column chromatography (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH, 20:1) to give 100 mg of product (56%, MH+=251).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11.2

[0682] 416

[0683] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 11.1, Steps A and B, but using N-methylmethoxylamine, the title compound was obtained (86%, MH+=181).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11.10

[0684] 417

[0685] Step A

[0686] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 1, but using N-hydroxysuccinimide and 2% DMF in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, the desired amide was obtained (33%, MH+=297).

[0687] Step B

[0688] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step B, the amine was prepared (99%, MH+=267).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 11.11-11.1 8

[0689] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Examples 11.11 but using the carboxylic acid, amine, and coupling agent DCC indicated, the indicated amide products were obtained and used without further purification.

3 Prep Carboxylic 1. % Yield Ex. acid Amine Product 2. MH.sup.+ 11.11 418 419 420 1. 45, 92 2. 310.0 11.12 421 422 423 1. 45, 95 2. 247.2 11.13 424 425 426 1. 85, 85 2. 251.1 11.14 427 428 429 1. 99, 92 2. 211.1 11.15 430 431 432 1. 48, 84 2. 265 11.16 433 434 435 1. 78, 91 2. 238.1 11.17 436 437 438 1. 67, 90 2. 265.1 11.18 439 440 441 1. 28, 99 2. 267

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12

[0690] 442

[0691] Step A

[0692] Following a similar procedure as described in Preparative Example 2 Step A except using dimethylamine in place of R-(+)-3-pyrrolidinol, the desired product was prepared.

[0693] Step B

[0694] The product from step A above (8 g) was combined with iodine (9.7 g), silver sulfate (11.9 g), EtOH (200 mL) and water (20 mL) and stirred overnight. Filtration, concentration of the filtrate, re-dissolution in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washing with 1M HCl (aq) gave an organic solution which was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (7.3 g, 57%, MH.sup.+=337).

[0695] Step C

[0696] The product from Step B above (3.1 g) was combined with DMF(50 mL) and MeI (0.6 mL). NaH (60% in mineral oil, 0.4 g) was added portionwise and the mixture was stirred overnight. Concentration in vacuo afforded a residue which was diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with 1M NaOH (aq), dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification through a silica gel column (EtOAc/Hex, 1:1) gave the desired compound (1.3 g, 41%, MH.sup.+=351).

[0697] Step D

[0698] The product from Step D above (200 mg), Zn(CN).sub.2 (132 mg), Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (130 mg) and DMF (5 mL) were heated at 80.degree. C. for 48 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc and 2M NH.sub.4OH. After shaking well, the organic extract was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered, concentrated in vacuo and purified by preparative plate chromatography (Silica, EtOAc/Hex, 1:1) to give the desired compound (62 mg, 44%, MH.sup.+=250).

[0699] Step E

[0700] BBr.sub.3 (1.3 mL, 1M in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) was added to a CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 solution (5 mL) of the product from step D above (160 mg) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound (158 mg, MH.sup.+=236).

[0701] Step F

[0702] A mixture of the product from step E above (160 mg), platinum oxide (83%, 19 mg), and EtOH (20 mL) was stirred under hydrogen (25-40 psi) for 1.5 hr. Filtration through celite and concentration in vacuo afforded the product (165 mg, MH.sup.+=206).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12.1

[0703] 443

[0704] Step A

[0705] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step A except using 3-(methylaminomethyl)pyridine and 3-nitrosalicylic acid, the desired compound was prepared (41%).

[0706] Step B

[0707] The compound from Step A above (0.3 g) was diluted with chloroform (15 mL) and stirred with mCPBA (0.4 g) for 2 hr. Purification by column chromatography (silica, 10% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) gave the pyridyl N-oxide (0.32 g, 100%, MH.sup.+=303.9).

[0708] Step C

[0709] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 11.1, Step B, but using the product from Step B above, the desired compound was obtained (15%, MH+=274).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12.2

[0710] 444

[0711] Step A

[0712] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (4 g) in MeOH (100 mL) and concentrated H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (1 mL) were stirred at reflux overnight, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Purification by column chromatography (silica, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) gave the methyl ester (2.8 g, 65%).

[0713] Step B

[0714] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B, but using the product from Step A above, the desired compound was obtained (95%, MH+=167.9).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12.3

[0715] 445

[0716] To morpholine-2-carboxilic acid (200 mg) in EtOH (40 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added acetyl chloride (3 mL) and the mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. Concentration in vacuo, dilution with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washing with NaHCO.sub.3 (aq) gave the title compound (99%, MH.sup.+=160.1).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 12.4

[0717] 446

[0718] To N-Boc morpholine-2-carboxylic acid (2 g) in THF (5 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added a solution of borane. THF complex (1N, 10.38 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0.degree. C., and for 2 hr at room temperature. Water (200 ml) was added to the reaction and the mixture extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to give 490 mg of product (26%). The product was then stirred in 4N HCl/dioxane to give the amine salt.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13

[0719] 447

[0720] Step A

[0721] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 1 except using dimethylamine (2M in THF, 50 mL) and 4-methylsalicylic acid (15 g), the desired compound was prepared (6.3 g, 35%).

[0722] Step B

[0723] The product from Step A above (1.5 g) was combined with iodine (2.1 g), NaHCO.sub.3 (1.1 g), EtOH (40 mL) and water (10 mL) and stirred overnight. Filtration, concentration of the filtrate, re-dissolution in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washing with 1M HCl (aq) gave an organic solution which was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 0.5-0.7% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) gave the product (0.5 g, 20%, MH.sup.+=306).

[0724] Step C

[0725] Nitric acid (3.8 mL) in AcOH (10 mL) was added to the product from Step B above (0.8 g) and the mixture was stirred for 40 min. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as an orange solid (0.8 g, 92%, MH.sup.+=351).

[0726] Step D

[0727] A mixture of the product from step C above (800 mg), 10% Pd/C (100 mg), and EtOH/MeOH (40 mL) was stirred in a parr shaker under hydrogen (45 psi) for 1.5 hr. Filtration through celite and concentration in vacuo afforded the title product after purification by preparative plate chromatography (Silica, 10% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, saturated with NH.sub.4OH) to give the product (92 mg, 22%, MH.sup.+=195).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.1

[0728] 448

[0729] Step A

[0730] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step A except using dimethylamine (2M in THF, 23 ml) and 5-bromosalicylic acid (5 g), the desired compound was prepared (4.2 g, 75%, MH+=244).

[0731] Step B

[0732] Nitric acid (10 ml) in AcOH (100 ml) was added to the product from Step A above (2 g) and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a yellow solid (1.9 g, 80%, MH+=289).

[0733] Step C

[0734] The product from Step B above (1.9 g) was partially dissolved in EtOH(50 ml). Conc HCl in EtOH (5 ml in 40 ml), followed by SnCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O (5.74 g) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude reaction was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with NaHCO.sub.3, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a solid (185 mg, 9%, MH+=259).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.2

[0735] 449

[0736] Step A

[0737] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step A, except using dimethylamine (2M in THF, 29 ml) and 5-chlorosalicylic acid (5 g), the desired compound was prepared (4.5 g, 78%, MH+=200).

[0738] Step B

[0739] Nitric acid (10 ml) in AcOH (100 ml) was added to the product from Step A above (2 g) and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a solid (2.2 g, 88%, MH+=245).

[0740] Step C

[0741] The product from Step B above (2.2 g) was partially dissolved in EtOH(50 ml). Conc HCl in EtOH (5 ml in 40 ml), followed by SnCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O (7.01 g) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude reaction was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and neutralized with NaOH. The entire emulsion was filtered though celite, the layers were separated and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid (540 mg, 22%, MH+=215).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.3

[0742] 450

[0743] Step A

[0744] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (10 g), PyBroP (20.52 g), and DIEA (28 ml) in anhydrous CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (200 ml) were combined and stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Dimethylamine (2M in THF, 55 ml) was added and let the reaction stir over the weekend. The mixture was extracted with 1 N NaOH (aq) and the organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was acidified with 1N HCl (aq), extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The oil was taken up in ether and a solid crashed out, triterated in ether to give 4.45 g of a solid (39%, MH+=211).

[0745] Step B

[0746] The product from Step A (2.99 g), K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (9.82 g), and iodomethane (8.84 ml) were combined in acetone and heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The oil was taken up in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with 1N NaOH, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.3 g of an oil (99%, MH+=225).

[0747] Step C

[0748] The crude product from Step B (3.3 g) was stirred with 10% Pd/C (350 mg) in EtOH (50 ml) under a hydrogen gas atmosphere at 20 psi overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 2.34 g of a solid (85%, MH+=195).

[0749] Step D

[0750] The product from Step C. (469 mg) was dissolved in AcOH (6 ml). 1.95M Br.sub.2 in AcOH (1.23 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. 50% NaOH was added to the reaction at 0.degree. C. and the mixture was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude mixture was purified by preparative plate chromatography (Silica, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to give the desired product (298 mg, 23%, MH+=273).

[0751] Step E

[0752] BBr.sub.3 (2.14 ml, 1M in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) was added to a CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 solution (8 ml) of the product from Step D above (290 mg) and stirred overnight. A solid formed and was filtered, taken up in MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and purified by preparative plate chromatography (Silica, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to give the desired product (137 mg, 49%, MH+=259).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.4

[0753] 451

[0754] Step A

[0755] To the product from Preparative Example 13.3 Step D (200 mg) was added phenylboronic acid (98 mg), PdCl.sub.2(PPh.sub.3).sub.2 (51 mg), and Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (155 mg) in THF/H.sub.2O (4 ml/1 ml). The solution was heated at 80.degree. C. overnight. EtOAc was added to reaction and washed with 1N NaOH. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude mixture was purified by preparative plate chromatography (5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to give 128 mg of an oil (65%, MH+=271).

[0756] Step B

[0757] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 13.3 Step E and using the product from Step A above, the desired compound was prepared (0.1 g, 69%, MH+=257.1).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13.5-13.7

[0758] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 13.4 but using the boronic acid indicated in the Table below, the amine products were obtained.

4 Prep 1. Yield (%) Ex. Boronic Acid Product 2. MH.sup.+ 13.5 452 453 1. 15% 2. 258 13.6 454 455 1. 32% 2. 325 13.7 456 457 1. 18% 2. 325

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.8

[0759] 458

[0760] Step A

[0761] 2-Cyanophenol (500 mg), sodium azide (819 mg), and triethylamine hydrochloride (1.73 g) were combined in anhydrous toluene and heated to 99.degree. C. overnight. After the reaction cooled down, product was extracted with H.sub.2O. Aqueous layer was acidified with conc. HCl dropwise giving a precipitate, which was filtered to give the product (597 mg, 87%, MH+=163).

[0762] Step B

[0763] Nitric acid (0.034 ml) in AcOH (5 ml) was added to the product from Step A above (100 mg) in AcOH and the mixture was allowed to stir for 1 hr. CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and H.sub.2O were added to reaction. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. Trituration in ether gave the product as a solid (12 mg, 9%, MH+=208).

[0764] Step C

[0765] The product from step C (56 mg) was stirred with 10% Pd/C (20 mg) in EtOH/MeOH (15 ml) under a hydrogen gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 29 mg of a solid (62%, MH+=178).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.9

[0766] 459

[0767] The amine was prepared following the procedure disclosed in WO 01/68570, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.10

[0768] 460

[0769] The amine was prepared following the procedure disclosed in WO 01/68570, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.11

[0770] 461

[0771] Step A

[0772] Following the procedure described in Preparative Example 88.2, Step A, the ketone was prepared (6.4 g, 36%).

[0773] Step B

[0774] To a solution of ketone (1 g) and 2-R-methylbenzylamine (0.73 ml) in anhydrous toluene (20 ml) was added 1N TiCl.sub.4 in toluene (3 ml) at room temperature for 1.5 hrs. The precipitate was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified via flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 18/1) to give 800 mg of product (71%).

[0775] Step C

[0776] The imine from above (760 mg) and DBU (800 ul) were stirred without solvent for 4 hr. The crude reaction was concentrated in vacuo and purified via flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 8/1) to give 600 mg of product (79%).

[0777] Step D

[0778] The imine from Step C (560 mg) was dissolved in ether (8 ml). 3N HCl (5 ml) added and let stir at room temperature overnight. The ether layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo to give 400 mg of the amine hydrochloride product (93%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.12

[0779] 462

[0780] The title compound was prepared similarly as in Preparative Example 13.11, but using the 2-S-methylbenzylamine instead of 2-R-methylbenzylamine (69%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.13

[0781] 463

[0782] Step A

[0783] At room temperature, CsF (60 mg) was added to a mixture of furfuraldehyde (1.3 ml) and TMS-CF.sub.3 (2.5 g) and stirred at room temperature (24 h) and refluxed for another 12 h. 3N HCl (40 ml) was added and after 4 hr, the mixture was extracted with ether, washed with brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to give the product (2.6 g, 100%).

[0784] Step B

[0785] To a solution of alcohol from above (2.6 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 at room temperature was added Dess-Martin reagent (10 g) portionwise and 1 drop of water. After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature, 10% Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 (60 ml) was added and after stirring overnight, the solid was filtered off and the filtrate was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Ether/hexane (1:2; 30 ml) was added to the residue, filtered, and filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give the product (2 g, 78%).

[0786] Step C

[0787] Following the procedures described in Preparative Example 13.11, Steps B, C and D, the amine salt was prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13.15-13.17

[0788] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.13, but using the prepared or commercially available aldehydes, the optically pure amine products in the Table below were obtained.

5 Prep Yield Ex. Aldehyde Amine Product (%) 13.15 34.12 464 465 20 466 13.16 467 468 469 31 13.17 470 471 472 66 13.17A 34.8 473 474 38 475 13.17B 476 477 478 31

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.18

[0789] 479

[0790] The title compound was prepared from trifluorophenylketone according to the procedures described in Preparative Example 13.11, Steps B, C, and D (68%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.19

[0791] 480

[0792] Step A

[0793] Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylate (10.0 g, 42.2 mmol) was dissolved in 250 mL of acetone. Potassium carbonate (30.0 g, 217.4 mmol) was added followed by a solution of iodomethane (14.5 mL, 233.0 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux and continued for 6 h. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was filtered, the solid material was rinsed with acetone (200 mL). The filtrate and rinsing were concentrated under reduced pressure to a solid, further dried on high vacuum, yielding 13.7 g (100%) of methyl-3-methoxy-4-bromo-2-thiophenecar- boxylate (MH.sup.+=251.0).

[0794] Step B

[0795] Methyl-3-methoxy-4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylate (13.7 g), available from step A, was dissolved in 75 mL of THF, and added with a 1.0 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (65 mL, 65.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. A 1.0 M hydrogen chloride aqueous solution was added dropwise to the mixture until pH was approximately 2. The acidic mixture was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL.times.2, 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (40 mL), dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a solid, 10.0 g (100%, over two steps) of 3-methoxy4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (MH.sup.+=237.0).

[0796] Step C

[0797] To a stirred solution of 3-methoxy4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (6.5 g, 27.4 mmol) in 140 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, obtained from step B, was added bromo-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrop, 12.8 g, 27.5 mmol), a 2.0 M solution of dimethyl amine in THF (34.5 mL, 69.0 mmol), and diisopropylethyl amine (12.0 mL, 68.7 mmol). After 3 d, the mixture was diluted with 100 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and washed with a 1.0 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (30 mL.times.3) and brine (30 mL). The organic solution was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated to an oil. This crude oil product was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-hexanes (1:1, v/v). Removal of solvents afforded a solid, further dried on high vacuum, yielding 6.76 g (93%) of N,N'-dimethyl-3-methoxy-4-bromo-2-thiophenecarbo- xamide (MH.sup.+=265.0, M+2=266.1).

[0798] Step D

[0799] An oven dried three-neck round bottom flask was equipped with a refluxing condenser, charged sequentially with palladium acetate (95 mg, 0.42 mmol), (R)-BINAP (353 mg, 0.57 mmol), cesium carbonate (9.2 g, 28.33 mmol), and N,N'-dimethyl-3-methoxy4-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide (3.74 g, 14.2 mmol, from step C). The solid mixture was flushed with nitrogen. Toluene (95 mL) was added to the solid mixture followed by benzophenone imine (3.6 mL, 21.5 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux and continued for 10 h. A second batch of palladium acetate (95 mg, 0.42 mmol) and (R)-BINAP (353 mg, 0.57 mmol) in 5 mL of toluene was added. Refluxing was continued for 14 h. The third batch of palladium acetate (30 mg, 0.13 mmol) and (R)-BINAP (88 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added, and reaction continued at 110.degree. C. for 24 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with ether (50 mL), filtered through a layer of Celite, rinsing with ether. The filtrate and rinsing were concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil, which was purified twice by flash column chromatography using CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH (200:1) as eluents. Removal of solvents afforded 4.1 g (79%) of the amido-thiophene diphenylimine product as a solid (MH.sup.+=365.1).

[0800] Step E

[0801] To a stirred solution of thiophene imine (5.09 g, 13.97 mmol), obtained from step D, in 140 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise a 1.0 M solution of boron tribromide in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The mixture was stirred for 3 h while the temperature of the cooling bath was increased slowly from -78.degree. C. to -15.degree. C. 100 mL of H.sub.2O was added, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, then the two layers were separated. The organic layer (as A) was extracted with H.sub.2O (30 mL.times.2). The aqueous layer and aqueous extracts were combined, washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL), and adjusted to pH 8 using a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution. The neutralized aqueous solution was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL.times.3), the extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a light yellow solid, 1.49 g of N,N'-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-amino-2-thiophenecarbox- amide (first crop). The previous separated organic layer A and organic washing were combined, stirred with 30 mL of a 1.0 M HCl aqueous solution for 1 h. The two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL) and adjusted to pH-8 using a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution, and the separated organic layer and organic washing were combined as organic layer B. The neutralized aqueous solution was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL.times.4), the extracts were washed with brine, dried by Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.48 g of a solid as the second crop of the titled product. Organic layer B from above was washed with brine, and concentrated to an oil, which was separated by preparative TLC (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH=50:1) to afford 0.45 g of a solid as the third crop of the titled product. The overall yield of the product, N,N'-dimethyl-3-hydroxy4-amino-2-thiophenecarboxamide, is 2.32 g (89%) (MH.sup.+=187.0).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.20

[0802] 481

[0803] Step A

[0804] To the product from Preparative Example 13.19 Step D (1.56 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (55 ml) was added potassium carbonate (1.8 g) followed by dropwise addition of bromine (0.45 ml). After 5hr of mixing, water (100 ml) was added to the reaction and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, which was then washed with brine, saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine again. The organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via flash column chromatography (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to yield 1.6 g of product (83%).

[0805] Step B T

[0806] he product from above was reacted in the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19 Step C to give the amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.21

[0807] 482

[0808] Step A

[0809] To the product from Preparative Example 13.20, Step A (300 mg) in THF (7 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added a solution of n-BuLi (1.6M in hexanes, 0.54 ml). After 1 hr, iodomethane (0.42 ml) was added dropwise. After 3 hrs of stirring at -78.degree. C., the reaction was warmed to room temperature overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride and water were added to the reaction and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative plate chromatography (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH=70:1 to 50:1) to afford the product (111 mg, 43%).

[0810] Step B

[0811] The product from above was reacted in the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step E to give the amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.22

[0812] 483

[0813] Step A

[0814] To the product from Preparative Example 13.19 (400 mg), Step D in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-pyridine (14 ml) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (220 mg). The mixture was stirred for 5 hr and then diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified via preparative plate chromatography (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH=50:1) to give 180 mg of product (64%).

[0815] Step B

[0816] The product from above (274 mg) was reacted in the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step E to give the amine (89 mg, 58%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.23

[0817] 484

[0818] Step A

[0819] To a stirred solution of acid (630 mg) from Preparative Example 13.19, Step B in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (25 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (235 ul) followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (10 ul). The mixture was stirred for 1 hr, then potassium carbonate (1.8 g) was added followed by 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (443 mg). The reaction stirred overnight and was quenched with water (25 ml). Layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative plate chromatography (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) to afford the product (580 mg, 78%, MH+=317,319).

[0820] Step B

[0821] The acid from the above (750 mg) step was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.3, Step B to yield 625 mg of product (80%, MH+=331).

[0822] Step C

[0823] The product from above was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step D to yield 365 mg of product (53%)

[0824] Step D

[0825] The product from above was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step E to give the amine product (MH+=254).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.25

[0826] 485

[0827] Step A

[0828] To a solution of 2-methylfuran (1 g) in ether (30 ml) was added n-BuLi (5.32 ml) at -78.degree. C. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and then refluxed at 38.degree. C. for 1 hr. The reaction was cooled back down to -78.degree. C. where the furyl lithium was quenched with trifluorobutyraldehyde and let stir at room temperature overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride added and extracted with ether. Purified via flash column chromatography to yield pure product (2 g, 80%)

[0829] Step B

[0830] The azide was prepared using the procedure from Preparative Example 75.75, Step B and the alcohol (1 g) from above and carried on crude to Step C below.

[0831] Step C

[0832] The amine was prepared using the procedure from Preparative Example 75.75, Step C to yield 400 mg of an oil (53%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.26

[0833] 486

[0834] Step A

[0835] Perfluoroiodide (3.6 ml) was condensed at -78.degree. C. Ether (125 ml) was added followed by the methyllithium lithiumbromide complex (1.5M in ether, 18.4 ml). After 15 min, a solution of 5-methylfuraldehyde (2.5 ml) in ether was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed to -45.degree. C. and let stir for 2hr. Saturated ammonium chloride (30 ml) and water (30 ml) were added and let stir at room temperature for 1 hr. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.86 g of product (100%).

[0836] Step B

[0837] The alcohol from above was reacted to form the azide using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 75.75 Step B.

[0838] Step C

[0839] The azide from above was reacted to form the racemic amine using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 75.75 Step C.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.27

[0840] 487

[0841] Step A

[0842] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.26, Step A, the alcohol was prepared (100%).

[0843] Step B

[0844] To a solution of the alcohol (500 mg) from step A above in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (20 ml) was added N-methyl-morpholine monohydrate (575 mg) and a catalytic amount of tetrapropyl ammonium perruthenate (76 mg). After 3 hr, the mixture was diluted with hexane (10 ml) and filtered through a silica pad, rinsing with hexane: CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (200 ml). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 350 mg of product (70.7%)

[0845] Step C

[0846] The ketone (1.19 g) from Step B was dissolved in THF (9.5 ml) and cooled to 0.degree. C. A solution of S-methyl oxazoborolidine (1 M in toluene,1 ml) followed by a solution of borane complexed with dimethylsulfide (9.5 ml, 2M in THF) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 min and continued at room temperature for 5 hr. The mixture was cooled back down to 0.degree. C. and methanol (15 ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. After 30 min, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give an oily residue.

[0847] The residue was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with 1N HCl, water, and brine. Dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified via flash column chromatography (Hex/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 1:1) to afford 1.14 g of an oil (67%).

[0848] Step D

[0849] The alcohol (1.14 g) from above was reacted to form the azide using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 75.75 Step B.

[0850] Step E

[0851] The azide (1.11 g) from above was stirred with 10% Pd/C (280 mg) in EtOH (40 ml) under a hydrogen gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction was filtered through celite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 700 mg of product (70%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.28

[0852] 488

[0853] Step A

[0854] To a stirred solution of 1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanone (3 g) in acetic anhydride (6 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added dropwise a solution of fuming nitric acid in acetic acid (2 ml in 10 ml). After 30 min, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and let stir for 5 hrs where a solid precipitated out. Ice was added to the reaction and the solid was filtered. The solid was purified by flash column chromatography (Hex/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 3:1 and 2:1) to yield 800 mg of desired product (20%).

[0855] Step B

[0856] The above nitro-thiophene compound (278 mg) was reduced using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step B to give 54 mg of product (23%).

[0857] Step C

[0858] The above amine (395 mg), TEA (1 ml) and methanesulfonylchloride (0.5 ml) were combined in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (35 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate (15 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford product (854 mg, 100%).

[0859] Step D

[0860] To the above product (854 mg) in THF (25 ml) was added dropwise a solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1M in THF, 2.8 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight, then diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 ml), washed with ammonium chloride and brine, dried over over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford product (2.36 g,>100%).

[0861] Step E

[0862] The ketone (2.36 g) above was reacted via the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 88.2, Step B to yield 547 mg of product (86.6%).

[0863] Step F

[0864] To the product from step E (310 mg) in dimethoxyethane (12 ml) was added dropwise a solution of LAH (1M in ether, 3.8 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, SiO.sub.2 was added as well as water (1 ml) dropwise and let stir for 15 min. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative plate chromatography (MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 15:1) to give the amine product (40 mg, 14%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.29

[0865] 489

[0866] Step A

[0867] To a solution of 3-methoxythiophene (3 g) in dichloromethane (175 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added chlorosulfonic acid (8.5 mL) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 15 min at -78.degree. C. and 1.5 h at room temp. Afterwards, the mixture was poured carefully into crushed ice, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound (4.2 g).

[0868] Step B

[0869] The product from Step A above (4.5 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (140 mL) and added with triethylamine (8.8 mL) followed by diethyl amine in THF (2M, 21 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was washed with brine and saturated bicarbonate (aq) and brine again, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound (4.4 g).

[0870] Step C

[0871] The product from Step B above (4.3 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (125 mL) and cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath. A solution of boron tribromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 24.3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 h while the temperature was increased slowly from -78.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. H.sub.2O was added, the two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloro-methane. The combined organic layer and extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.96 g of the desired hydroxy-compound.

[0872] Step D

[0873] The product from step C above (3.96 g) was dissolved in 125 mL of dichloromethane, and added with potassium carbonate (6.6 g) followed by bromine (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature, quenched with 100 mL of H.sub.2O. The aqueous mixture was adjusted to pH.about.5 using a 0.5N hydrogen chloride aqueous solution, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were washed with a 10% Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 aqueous solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 4.2 g of the desired bromo-compound.

[0874] Step E

[0875] The product from Step D (4.2 g) was dissolved in 100 mL of acetone and added with potassium carbonate (10 g) followed by iodomethane (9 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux and continued for 3.5 h. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a dark brown residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane-hexanes (1:1, v/v) to give 2.7 g of the desired product.

[0876] Step F

[0877] The product from step E (2.7 g) was converted to the desired imine compound (3 g), following the similar procedure to that of Preparative Example 13.19 step D.

[0878] Step G

[0879] The imine product from step F (3 g) was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane and cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath. A solution of boron tribromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 9.2 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 4.25 h from -78.degree. C. to 5.degree. C. H.sub.2O (50 mL) was added, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer and extracts were combined, washed with brine, and concentrated to an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 80 mL of methanol, stirred with sodium acetate (1.5 g) and hydroxyamine hydrochloride (0.95 g) at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was poured into an aqueous mixture of sodium hydroxide (1.0 M aq, 50 mL) and ether (100 mL). The two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with ether three times. The combined ether washings were re-extracted with H.sub.2O once. The aqueous layers were combined, washed once with dichloromethane, adjusted to pH.about.6 using 3.0 M and 0.5 M hydrogen chloride aqueous solutions, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.2 g of desired amine compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13.30-13.32-A

[0880] Following the procedures set forth in Example 13.29, but using commercially available amines, hydroxy-amino-thiophene products in the Table below were obtained.

6 Yield (%) Prep Ex. Amine Product MH.sup.+ 13.30 (Bn).sub.2NH 490 10% 375.1 13.31 Me(Bn)NH 491 14% 299.0 13.32 Et(Bn)NH 492 22% 13.32A (Et).sub.2NH 493 25%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.33

[0881] 494

[0882] Step A

[0883] 2-Chlorosulfonyl-3-methoxy-thiophene (4.0 g, 18.8 mmol), the product from Step A of Preparative Example 13.29 was converted to 3-methoxy-2-ethylbenzylsulfonyl-thiophene (5.5 g, 94%, MH.sup.+=312.1) by using ethylbenzyl-amine, following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step B.

[0884] Step B

[0885] The product from Step A above (5.5 g, 17.70 mmol) was demethylated following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step C. The alcohol product was obtained in 4.55 g (87%, MH.sup.+=298.0).

[0886] Step C

[0887] The product from Step B above (4.55 g, 15.30 mmol) was brominated using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step D. The corresponding bromide was obtained in 4.85 g (84%).

[0888] Step D

[0889] The bromo-alcohol from Step C above (4.84 g, 12.86 mmol) was methylated using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step E. The product was obtained in 4.82 g (96%).

[0890] Step E

[0891] The product from Step D above (4.82 g, 12.36 mmol) was stirred with concentrated sulfuric acid (5 mL) at room temperature ro 3 h. Ice water (30 mL) was added to the mixture followed by CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL). The aqueous mixture was adjusted to pH.about.6 using a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution. The layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL.times.3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to a dark brown oil, which was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-hexanes (1:1, v/v). Removal of solvents afforded 3.03 g (82%) of the debenzylated product (M.sup.+=300.0, M+2=302.0).

[0892] Step F

[0893] The product from Step E (1.34 g, 4.45 mmol) was methylated using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step E. The desired product was obtained in 1.36 g (97%, M.sup.+=314.1, M+2=316.0).

[0894] Step G

[0895] The product from Step F (1.36 g, 4.33 mmol) was converted to imine product (1.06 g, 55%, MH.sup.+=415.1) using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step F.

[0896] Step H

[0897] The imine product from Step G (1.06 g, 2.56 mmol) was converted to the desired hydroxy-amino thiophene compound (0.26 g, 43%) using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step G.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.34

[0898] 495

[0899] Step A

[0900] 2-Chlorosulfonyl-3-methoxy-thiophene (3.8 g, 17.87 mmol), the product from lo step A of Preparative Example 13.29, was dissolved in 100 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and 20 mL of pyridine. 3-Amino-5-methyl-isoxazole (3.5 g, 35.68 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 20 h at room temperature, diluted with 100 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and washed with a 0.5 N HCl aqueous solution (50 mL.times.2), H.sub.2O (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic solution was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and conentrated in vacuo to a brown oil. This Is oil was dissolved in 100 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed again with a 0.5 M HCl aqueous solution (30 mL.times.3) and brine. After dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, the organic solution was concentrated in vacuo to a yellow solid, 4.48 g (91%, MH.sup.+=275.0) of the desired product.

[0901] Step B

[0902] The product from Step A above (4.48 g, 16.33 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (100 mL), added with potassium carbonate (5.63 g, 40.80 mmol) and iodomethane (10.1 mL, 163.84 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h, diluted with 100 mL of hexanes and 50 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad, rinsing with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4.23 g (90%, MH.sup.+=289.0) of the desired product as a light yellow solid.

[0903] Step C

[0904] To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (130 mg, 95%, 5.4 mmol) in 8 mL of N,N'-dimethylforamide at room temperature was added ethanethiol (0.45 mL, 6.0 mmol) dropwise. After 5 min, the mixture became a clear solution, and was added to a stirred solution of the product obtained from Step B above (0.45 g, 1.56 mmol) in 2 mL of N,N'-dimethylforamide in a round bottom flask. The flask was sealed with a ground glass stopper, and the mixture was heated at 90-95.degree. C. for 4 h. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into 20 mL of a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution, further rinsed with 20 mL of H.sub.2O. The aqueous mixture was washed with diethyl ether (30 mL.times.2), adjusted to PH 5 using a 0.5 M HCl aqueous solution, and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL.times.4). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated to a dark yellow solution. This was dissolved in 50 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with H.sub.2O (30 mL.times.2) and brine (30 mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Evaporation of solvent gave 0.422 g of the alcohol product (99%, MH.sup.+=275.0).

[0905] Step D

[0906] The alcohol obtained from Step C above (0.467 g, 1.70 mmol) was brominated using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step D, to afford the corresponding bromide in 0.607 g (100%).

[0907] Step E

[0908] The bromide obtained from Step D above (0.607 g, 1.72 mmol) was methylated using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step E, to give the desired product in 0.408 g (65%, M.sup.+=367, M+2=369.1).

[0909] Step F

[0910] The product (0.405 g, 1.103 mmol) from Step E above was converted to the imine compound (0.29 g, 56%) using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step F.

[0911] Step G

[0912] The imine product obtained from Step F above (0.29 g, 0.61 mmol) was demethylated using the procedure set forth in Step C above to give the corresponding alcohol as a dark yellow oil, which was dissolved in 5 mL methanol and added with sodium acetate (0.12 g, 1.46 mmol) and hydroxyamine hydrochloride (0.075 g, 1.08 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and poured into 10 mL of 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution. 30 mL of H.sub.2O was used as rinsing and combined to the aqueous layer. The aqueous mixture was washed with diethyl ether (40 mL.times.3), adjusted to pH.about.6 using a 1.0 M HCl aqueous solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL.times.3). The organic extracts were washed with H.sub.2O (20 mL.times.2), brine (20 mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to give 0.112 g of the desired hydroxy-amino thiophene sulfonamide (64%, MH.sup.+=290).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.35

[0913] 496

[0914] Step A

[0915] To a solution of 2-methyl furan (1.72 g) in ether was added BuLi (8.38 mL) at -78.degree. C. and stirred at room temperature for half an hour. The reaction mixture again cooled to -78.degree. C. and quenched with cyclopropyl amide 1 and stirred for two hours at -78.degree. C. and slowly warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture stirred for three hours at room temperature and quenched with the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was taken to a separatory funnel, washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvent afforded the crude ketone, which was purified by using column chromatography to afford the ketone 3.0 g (87%) as a pale yellow oil.

[0916] Step B

[0917] To a solution of ketone (1.0 g) in THF (5.0 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added R-methyl oxazoborolidine (1.2 Ml, 1M in toluene) dropwise followed by addition of a solution of borane complexed with dimethyl sulfide (1.85 mL, 2M in THF). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0.degree. C. and than at room temperature for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and MeOH was added carefully. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ether, washed with water, 1M HCl (10 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate (10.0 mL) water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and removal of solvent afforded the crude alcohol which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the pure alcohol 0.91 g (91%) as yellow oil.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.36

[0918] 497

[0919] Step A

[0920] An equimolar mixture of 2-methylfuran (1.0 g) and anhydride (2.6 g) was mixed with SnCl.sub.4 (0.05 mL) and heated at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture, water (10 mL) was added, followed by saturated sodium carbonate solution until it becomes alkaline. The reaction mixture was extracted with ether several times and the combined ether layer was washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvent afforded the crude ketone, which was purified by using silica gel chromatography to afford the ketone 0.9 g (43%) as a yellow oil.

[0921] Step B

[0922] The step B alcohol was obtained following a similar procedure set forth in the preparative example 13.35 Step B.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.37

[0923] 498

[0924] Step A

[0925] To a solution of 5-methyl furan-2-aldehyde (1.0 g) and 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene (2.24 g) in DMF (30 mL) was added indium powder (1.66 g) and lithium iodide (50.0 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred over night, diluted with water and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, brine and purified by silicagel chromatography to afford the pure alcohol 2.8 g (92%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13.38-13.45

[0926] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Examples 13.25 and 13.35, and using the indicated Furan and Electrophile, the following Alcohols in the Table below were prepared.

7 Prep. ex Furan Electrophile Alcohol Yield 13.38 499 500 501 86% 13.39 502 503 504 69% 13.40 505 506 507 84% 13.41 508 509 510 82% 13.42 511 512 513 60% 13.43 514 515 516 65% 13.44 517 518 519 82% 13.45 520 521 522 89%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13.50-13.61

[0927] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Examples 13.25, and using the indicated Alcohol, the following Amines in the Table below were prepared.

8 PREP. % EX. ALCOHOL AMINE YIELD 13.50 13.45 523 28% 13.51 13.38 524 58% 13.52 13.36 525 69% 13.53 13.35 526 81% 13.54 13.37 527 82% 13.55 13.39 528 45% 13.56 13.41 529 57% 13.57 13.40 530 58% 13.58 13.44 531 54% 13.59 13.42 532 53% 13.60 13.43 533 50% 13.61 13.37 534 82%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.70

[0928] 535

[0929] Step A

[0930] The imine was prepared following the procedure set forth in the preparative example 13.19 from the known bromoester (1.0 g) as a yellow solid, Step A to yield 1.1 g (79%).

[0931] Step B

[0932] The Step A product (0.6 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in the preparative example 13.19 to give the amine product 0.19 g (64%).

[0933] Step C

[0934] The Step B product (1.0 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in the preparative example 13.19 to give the acid as yellow solid 0.9 g (94%)

[0935] Step D

[0936] The Step C product (0.35 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in the preparative example 13.19 to give the amino acid as yellow solid 0.167 g (93%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13.71

[0937] 536

[0938] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.33 Step E, but using the product from Preparative Example 13.32, the title compound was obtained (121 mg, 69% yield, MH+=223.0).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 14

[0939] 537

[0940] Step A

[0941] 3-Nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine(10 g), sodium nitrite (5.4 g) and acetic acid (20 mL) were heated at 60.degree. C. overnight, then concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The product precipitated from the organic phase (5.7 g) as a solid and used directly in step B.

[0942] Step B

[0943] The product from Step A above (2.8 g) was stirred with 10% Pd/C (0.3 g) in MeOH (75 mL) under a hydrogen gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, to give the product (2.2 g, MH+=135).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15

[0944] 538

[0945] Step A

[0946] N-methyl4-bromopyrazole-3-carboxylic acid was prepared according to known methods, see: Yu. A. M.; Andreeva, M. A.; Perevalov, V. P.; Stepanov, V. I.; Dubrovskaya, V. A.; and Seraya, V. I. in Zh. Obs. Khim, (Journal of General Chemistry of the USSR) 1982, 52, 2592 (and the references cited therein) the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference thereto.

[0947] Step B

[0948] To a solution of N-methyl-4-bromopyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2.0 g), available from step A, in 65 mL of anhydrous DMF was added bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrop, 4.60 g), dimethyl amine (10 mL, 2.0 M in THF) and diisopropylethyl amine (5.2 mL) at 25.degree. C. The mixture was stirred for 26 h, and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oily residue. This residue was treated with a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL.times.4). The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, and dried with anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Removal of solvents yielded an oil, which was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH (20:1), to give 1.09 g of the amide product (48%, MH.sup.+=232.0).

[0949] Step C

[0950] To a solution of the amide (0.67 g), obtained from step B, in 8 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0.degree. C. was added potassium nitrate (1.16 g) in small portions. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was heated at 110.degree. C. for 6 h. After cooling to 25.degree. C., the mixture was poured into 80 mL of H.sub.2O, and an additional 20 mL of H.sub.2O was used as a rinse. The aqueous mixture was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL.times.4). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), sat. NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution (50 mL), brine (50 mL), and dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Evaporation of solvent gave an oil, which solidified on standing. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH (1:0, 50:1 and 40:1). Removal of solvents afforded 0.521 g (65%) of the product as a solid (MH.sup.+=277.1)

[0951] Step D

[0952] The product (61 mg) obtained from step C. was dissolved in 3 mL of THF. To this solution at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise along the inside wall of the flask a 1.6 M solution of n-butyl lithium in hexane. After 45 min, a solution of methyl borate (0.1 mL) in THF (1.0 mL) was added. After 1.5 h, a solution of acetic acid in THF (0.25 mL, 1:10 v/v) was added to the cold mixture. Stirring was continued for 10 min, and a 30 wt % aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (0.1 mL) was added. An additional portion of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (0.05 mL) was added 20 min later. The cooling bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 36 h. The mixture was poured into 30 mL of H.sub.2O, and the aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL.times.4). The extracts were combined, washed with brine (10 mL), 5% NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue, which was then purified by preparative thin layer chromatography eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH (20:1) to give the hydroxylated product (5 mg, 10%, MH.sup.+=215.3).

[0953] Step E

[0954] By treating the hydroxylated product of Step E with H.sub.2 under the conditions of 10% palladium on carbon in ethanol, one would obtain the desired hydroxyl-amino compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 16

[0955] 539

[0956] Step A

[0957] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 13, Step C except using the known compound, 4-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ol, the product can be prepared.

[0958] Step B

[0959] Following a similar oxidation procedure used in Preparative Example 15, Step A except using the compound from Step A above, the product can be prepared.

[0960] Step C

[0961] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 11, Step A except using the compound from Step B above, the product can be prepared.

[0962] Step D

[0963] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 12, Step F except using the compound from Step C above, the product can be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 17

[0964] 540

[0965] Step A

[0966] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 11, Step A except using the known 4-hydroxynicotinic acid, the product can be prepared.

[0967] Step B

[0968] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 13, Step C except using the compound from Step A above, the product can be prepared.

[0969] Step C

[0970] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 12, Step F except using the compound from Step C above, the product can be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 18

[0971] 541

[0972] Step A

[0973] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 13, Step C except using the compound from Step A above, the product can be prepared.

[0974] Step B

[0975] Stirring the compound from Step A above, a suitable Pt or Pd catalyst and EtOH under hydrogen atmosphere (1-4 atm) the product can be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19

[0976] 542

[0977] The amine was prepared following WO 01/68570, the disclosure of whichis incorporated herein by reference thereto.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 19.1

[0978] 543

[0979] The amine was prepared following WO 01/68570, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

PREPARTIVE EXAMPLE 20

[0980] 544

[0981] The title compound was prepared according to the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 1, but instead using 4-nitrosalycilic acid (57%, MH+=181).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 21

[0982] 545

[0983] The above compound is prepared following the procedure set forth in The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1975, 40(19), 2743-2748, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

PREPARTIVE EXAMPLE 22

[0984] 546

[0985] The compound from Preparative Example 21 (250 mg) and the compound from Preparative Example 3 (252 mg) were combined in MeOH (15 ml) and stirred overnight. The reaction was concentrated under vacuo and used crude (450 mg, 99%, MH+=327).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22.1

[0986] 547

[0987] 3,4-Diethoxy-1,2-5-thiadiazole-1,1-oxide (226 mg, 1.4 mmol) (prepared according to known methods, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, p.1375, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto) was added to 3-amino-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzamide (252 mg, 1.4 mmol) in methanol (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The desired product precipitated and was recovered by filtration. Concentration of the mother liquor to half volume afforded a second batch of precipitated product. Combined batches afforded 293 mg (65% yield) of product with sufficient purity to be used in subsequent steps. MH.sup.+=346.9.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22.2

[0988] 548

[0989] 3,4-Diethoxy-1,2-5-thiadiazole-1,1-oxide (226 mg, 1.4 mmol) (prepared according to known methods, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, p. 1375, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto) was added to R-2-phenylpropylamine (0.195 mL, 1.4 mmol) in methanol (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Evaporation of solvent afforded an amorphous solid (390 mg, 99%) of sufficient purity for use in subsequent steps. MH.sup.+=279.9.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 22.3-22.7

[0990] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 22.1 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoleoxide intermediates could be obtained.

9 Ex. Amine Product 22.3 549 550 22.4 551 552 22.5 553 554 22.6 555 556 22.7 557 558

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 22.8-22.38

[0991] Following a similar procedure as that set forth in Preparative Example 22.1 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoleoxide intermediates could be obtained.

10 Ex. Amine Product 22.8 559 560 22.9 561 562 22.10 563 564 22.16 565 566 22.17 567 568 22.19 569 570 22.20 571 572 22.21 573 574 22.22 575 576 22.23 577 578 22.24 579 580 22.25 581 582 22.26 583 584 22.27 585 586 22.28 587 588 22.29 589 590 22.30 591 592 22.31 593 594 22.32 595 596 22.34 597 598 22.36 599 600 22.37 601 602 22.38 603 604

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 22.39-22.51

[0992] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 22.1 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoleoxide intermediates could be obtained.

11 Ex. Amine Product 22.39 605 606 22.40 607 608 22.41 609 610 22.42 611 612 22.43 613 614 22.44 615 616 22.45 617 618 22.46 619 620 22.47 621 622 22.48 623 624 22.49 625 626 22.50 627 628 22.51 629 630 22.52 631 632 22.53 633 634

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 23.1-23.9

[0993] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 22 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoledioxide intermediates were obtained.

12 1. Yield Ex. Amine Product 2. MH+ 23.1 635 636 1. 99% 2. 281.8 23.2 637 638 1. 99% 2. 327 23.3 639 640 1. 99% 2. 234.0 23.4 641 642 1. 99% 2. Not observed 23.5 643 644 1. 99% 2. Not observed 23.6 645 646 1. 90% 2. Not observed 23.7 647 648 1. 99% 2. Not observed 23.8 649 650 1. 99% 2. 404.9 23.9 651 652 1. 99% 2. Not observed

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 23.30-23.41

[0994] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 22 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoledioxide intermediates could be obtained.

13 Ex. Amine Product 23.30 653 654 23.33 655 656 23.34 657 658 23.35 659 660 23.37 661 662 23.38 663 664 23.40 665 666 23.42 667 668

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 24

[0995] 669

[0996] Step A

[0997] To a solution of N-protected amino acid (1.5 g, 6.9 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (25 mL) at room temperature was added DIPEA (3.6 mL, 20.7 mmol), and PyBrop (3.4 g, 6.9 mmol) followed by MeNH.sub.2 (6.9 mL, 13.8 mmol, 2.0 M in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2). The resulting solution was stirred for 18 h at room temperature (until TLC analysis deemed the reaction to be complete). The resulting mixture was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid (3.times.20 mL), sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 (3.times.20 mL), and brine (3.times.20 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (40:1) to afford 1.0 g (63% yield) of a solid.

[0998] Step B

[0999] To a round bottom charged with the N-protected amide (1.0 g, 4.35 mmol) (from Step A) was added 4N HCl/dioxane (10 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with Et.sub.2O (20 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was treated with Et.sub.2O (2.times.20 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 0.72 g (.about.100% yield) of crude product as the HCl salt. This material was taken on without further purification or characterization.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 25-33.1

[1000] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 24 but using the commercially available N-protected amino acids and amines in the Table below, the amine hydrochloride products were obtained.

14 Prep Ex. Amino acid Amine Product Yield (%) 25 670 NH.sub.3 671 70 26 672 673 674 71 27 675 676 677 66 28 678 679 680 65 29 681 682 683 90 30 684 685 686 68 31 687 688 689 68 32 690 691 692 97 33 693 694 695 97 33.1 696 697 698 20

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 33.2

[1001] 699

[1002] Step A

[1003] BOC-valine (45 mg) and PS-carbodiimide (200 mg) were suspended in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (4 ml). After addition of the CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-amine solution (0.1 38N, 1 ml), the mixture was shaken overnight. The solution was filtered and the resin was washed with more CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield the product, which was carried on directly in Step B.

[1004] Step B

[1005] The crude material from Step A was dissolved in 4N HCl/dioxane (2.5 ml) and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to yield the desired amine hydrochloride, which was used directly in the next step.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 33.3-33.47

[1006] If one were to follow the procedure set forth in Example 33.2 but using the commercially available N-protected amino acids in the Table below, one could obtain the amine hydrochloride products in the Table below.

15 Prep Ex. Amino acid Amine Product 33.3 700 701 702 33.4 703 704 705 33.5 706 707 708 33.6 709 710 711 33.7 712 713 714 33.8 715 716 717 33.9 718 719 720 33.10 721 722 723 33.11 724 725 726 33.12 727 728 729 33.13 730 731 732 33.14 733 734 735 33.15 736 737 738 33.16 739 740 741 33.17 742 743 744 33.18 745 746 747 19 748 749 750 33.20 751 752 753 33.21 754 755 756 33.22 757 758 759 33.23 760 761 762 33.24 763 764 765 33.25 766 767 768 33.26 769 770 771 33.27 772 773 774 33.28 775 776 777 33.29 778 779 780 33.30 781 782 783 33.31 784 785 786 33.32 787 788 789 33.33 790 791 792 33.34 793 794 795 33.35 796 797 798 33.36 799 800 801 33.37 802 803 804 33.38 805 806 807 33.39 808 809 810 33.40 811 812 813 33.41 814 815 816 33.42 817 818 819 33.43 820 821 822 33.44 823 824 825 33.45 826 827 828 33.46 829 830 831 33.47 832 833 834

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34

[1007] 835

[1008] To a solution of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 14.2 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added LiN(TMS).sub.2 (17.0 ml, 1.0 M in THF) dropwise and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 min. EtMgBr (6.0 mL, 3.0 M in Et.sub.2O) was added dropwise and the mixture was refluxed for 24 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into saturated aqueous NH.sub.4Cl (50 mL), and then extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (3.times.50 volumes). The organic layers were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was stirred with 3 M HCl (25 mL) for 30 min and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (3.times.15 mL) and the organic layers were discarded. The aqueous layer was cooled to .sup.0 OC and treated with solid NaOH pellets until pH=10 was attained. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (3.times.15 mL) and the organic layers were combined. The organic layer was washed with brine (1 x 25 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.6 g (66% yield) of the crude amine as an oil (MH.sup.+ 170). This material was determined to be >90% pure and was used without further purification.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.1

[1009] 836

[1010] The aldehyde (3.5 g) and conc. HCl (20 ml) were combined and stirred overnight at 40.degree. C. The reaction mixture was poured into cold water and extracted with ether, washed with satd. NaHCO.sub.3 and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.76 g of product (55%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.2

[1011] 837

[1012] Chlorine was bubbled into 100 ml of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 at 10.degree. C. The aldehyde (3.73 ml) was charged with 50 ml of CHCl.sub.3 and then cooled to 0.degree. C. AlCl.sub.3 was added portionwise, followed by the chlorine solution and let stir at room temperature overnight. The reaction was poured into 150 ml of ice and 50 ml of 3N HCl and stirred for 30 min. Organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified via flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc 40/1) to yield 1.5 g of pure product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.3

[1013] 838

[1014] Step A

[1015] The ketone (3.25 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 88.2, Step B to give the oxime (3.5 g, 99%).

[1016] Step B

[1017] The product from step A (1.2 g) was stirred with AcOH (3 ml) and Pd/C (10%, 300 mg) in EtOH (40 ml) under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude material dissolved in ether and washed with 2N NaOH, organic washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to give product (960 mg, 86%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.4

[1018] 839

[1019] Step A

[1020] To a suspension of NaH (1.45 g) in DMF (25 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere was added p-bromophenol (5 g) at 0.degree. C. After stirring for 20 min, BrCH.sub.2CH(OEt).sub.2 (5.3 ml) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux overnight. The solution was cooled and poured into ice water (80 ml) and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with 1N NaOH and brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 8.4 g of crude product (100%).

[1021] Step B

[1022] To a solution of the product from Step A (8.4 g) in benzene (50 ml) was added polyphosphoric acid (10 g). The mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hrs. The reaction was cooled to 0.degree. C. and poured into ice water (80 ml) and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.9 g of crude product (85%).

[1023] Step C

[1024] To a solution of the product from Step B (2 g) in ether (20 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added t-BuLi dropwise. After stirring for 20 min, DMF (950 mg) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at -25.degree. C. for 3 hrs and then warmed to room temperature overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride was added and the solution was extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 980 mg of crude product (67%).

[1025] Step D

[1026] To a solution of aldehyde (400 g) in ether (10 ml) was added LiN(TMS).sub.2 (1M in THF, 3.3 ml) at 0.degree. C. dropwise. The solution was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 min and EtMgBr (3M in THF, 1.83 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction was refluxed overnight, cooed to 0.degree. C, quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ether. The ether was stirred with 3N HCl (20 ml), then the aqueous layer was basified with NaOH pellets and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 220 mg of product (46%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.5

[1027] 840

[1028] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 34.4 Steps A through D, but using m-bromophenol (8 g), both amines were formed and separated by preparative plate chromatography (63-65%, MH+=175).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.6

[1029] 841

[1030] To a solution of 3-methyl-thiophene (5 g) in ether (50 ml) was added dropwise a solution of n-BuLi (1.6M in hexane, 32 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr at room temperature. DMF (5.1 ml) was then added and let stir overnight. The mixture was poured into saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified via flash column chromatography (EtOAc/Hex 20:1) to afford 5.27 g of an oil (84%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.7

[1031] 842

[1032] Step A

[1033] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-furaldehyde (4 g) in MeOH (75 ml) was added trimethyl-orthoformate (3.8 ml). A catalytic amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid (195 mg) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 3.5 hr. The reaction was cooled down and potassium carbonate was added. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and filtered. The filtrate was again concentrated in vacuo to give 4.03 g of product (80%).

[1034] Step B

[1035] To a solution of the product from Step A (2.02 g) in THF (80 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise a solution of n-BuLi (2.5M in hexanes, 4.4 ml) and stirred for 1.5 hr. A solution of iodomethane (1.7 ml) was added and let stir for 2.5 hrs at -60.degree. C. The cooling bath was removed and saturated ammonium chloride was added and let stir for 10 min. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1.34 g of crude product.

[1036] Step C

[1037] The product from Step B (1.43 g) was dissolved in acetone (50 ml) and treated with a catalytic amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid (80 mg). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hr. The reaction was cooled down and solid potassium carbonate was added. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel pad and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 1.246 g of crude product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.8

[1038] 843

[1039] Step A

[1040] To a stirred solution of potassium t-butoxide (2.5 g) in HMPA (20 ml) was added 2-nitropropane (2 ml) dropwise. After 5 min, a solution of methyl-5-nitro-2-furoate (3.2 g) in HMPA (8 ml) was added to the mixture and stirred for 16 hr. Water was added and the aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with water, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 6:1) to yield 3.6 g of product (90%).

[1041] Step B

[1042] To a solution of the product from Step A (3.6 g) in toluene (16 ml) was added tributyltin hydride (5.4 ml) followed by AIBN (555 mg). The mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. for 3.5 hr. After cooling, the mixture was separated by flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 7:1) to afford 2.06 g of product (73%).

[1043] Step C

[1044] To a solution of product from Step B (2.05 g) in THF (60 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added a solution of LAH (1M in ether, 12.8 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Water and 1M NaOH was added until a precipitate formed, diluted with EtOAc, stirred for 30 min and then filtered through a celite pad. The organic filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 1.56 g of product (93%).

[1045] Step D

[1046] To a solution of product from Step C (2.15 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) was added Dess-Martin oxidant (7.26 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (45 ml) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with ether (200 ml). The organic layer was washed with 1N NaOH, water and brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give oil and solid. The material was extracted with ether and filtered. Some solid crystallized out from the filtrate, filtered again, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 2.19 g of product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.9

[1047] 844

[1048] Step A

[1049] To a solution of carboxylic acid (5 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (400 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added N(OCH.sub.3)CH.sub.3HCl (11.5 g), DEC (15.1 g), HOBt (5.3 g) and NMM (43 ml) and stirred for 14 hr. The mixture was diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) and the organic layer was washed with 10% HCl, saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 5.74 g of crude product (85%).

[1050] Step B

[1051] To a solution of iodoethane (0.56 ml) in ether (5 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added a solution of t-BuLi (1.7M in pentane, 8.3 ml) dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature for 1 hr and transferred to a 100 ml round bottom charged with the product from Step A (1 g) in THF (12 ml) at -78.degree. C. The mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 1 hr and at 0.degree. C. for an additional 2hr. 1M HCl was added dropwise followed by CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 620 mg of product (76%).

[1052] Step C

[1053] To a solution of the product from Step B (620 mg) in THF/MeOH (10:1) at 0.degree. C. was added NaBH.sub.4 (250 mg) in one portion. The mixture was stirred overnight at 0.degree. C., concentrated in vacuo and the crude material was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with 1N NaOH and brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 510 mg of product.

[1054] Step D

[1055] The above material was reacted in the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 75.75 Steps B and C to yield 170 mg of amine product (28%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.10

[1056] 845

[1057] The above amine was made analogous to the procedures set forth in Patent W096/22997 p.56 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), but using ethylglycine instead of benzylglycine in the DCC coupling.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.11

[1058] 846

[1059] Step A

[1060] To the nitro compound (3.14 g) and cyclohexylmethanol (1.14 g) in THF (50 ml) was added PPH.sub.3 (4.72 g) and cooled to 0.degree. C. Diisopropylazadicarboxylate (3.15 ml) was added dropwise and let stir overnight. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and purified via flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 30:1) to give product (3.3 g), which was carried on directly to the next step.

[1061] Step B

[1062] To the product from step A (3.3 g) in EtOH (50 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (1.7 g) under a hydrogen atmosphere at 55 psi and let stir overnight. The reaction was filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.2 g of product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.12

[1063] 847

[1064] Step A

[1065] A solution of acid (2 g) in ether (20 ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of LiAIH.sub.4 (350 mg) in ether (15 ml) at 0.degree. C. The solution was refluxed for 3 hr and stirred at room temperature overnight. 5% KOH was added and reaction was filtered, extracted with ether, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the product (1.46 g, 79%, MH+=166).

[1066] Step B

[1067] To a solution of alcohol from above (1.46 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 at room temperature was added Dess-Martin reagent (5.6 g) portionwise and one drop of water and let stir over the weekend at room temperature. 10% Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 was added and stirred for 20 min, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1.1 g of product (76%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.13

[1068] 848

[1069] The above compound was prepared according to the procedure set forth in EP 0 555 153 A1 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.14

[1070] 849

[1071] The aldehyde (500 mg) from above was reacted following the procedure set forth in the Preparative Example 13.4, Step A to yield 372 mg of product (76%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.15-34. 16

[1072] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 34.8 but using the nitroalkanes indicated in the table below, the aldehydes were prepared.

16 PREP. YIELD Ex. NITROALKANE ALDEHYDE (%) 34.15 850 851 17 34.16 852 853 21

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.17

[1073] 854

[1074] Step A

[1075] To a stirred suspension of 5-bromo-2-furoic acid (15.0 g, 78.54 mmol) in 225 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 at room temperature was added oxalyl chloride followed by a catalytic amount of N,N'-dimethylforamide. After 1 h, ethanol (20 mL) was added followed by triethylamine (22 mL). Reaction was continued for 15 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue, which was extracted with excess volume of hexanes, and hexanes-CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (3:1, v/v). The extracts were filtered, the filtrated was concentrated to a yellow oil, dried on high vacuum, yielding 17.2 g (93%) of the desired ester.

[1076] Step B

[1077] The ester product obtained from Step A above (17.2 g, 73.18 mmol) was converted to 2-ethyl4-tertbutyl-5-bromo-furoate (7.9 g, 37%) using the literature procedure: J. Am. Chem.Soc., 1939, 61, 473478 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

[1078] Step C

[1079] The ester product obtained from Step B above (7.9 g, 27.13 mol) was reduced to the alcohol (6.32 g) using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 34.8, Step C.

[1080] Step D

[1081] The product obtained from Step C above (6.32 g) was dissolved in 140 mL of THF and cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath. A 2.5 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes (22 mL, 55.0 mmol) was added dropwise along the side wall of the flask. After 15 min, H.sub.2O (.about.70 mL) was added. Cooling bath was removed, the mixture was stirred for an additional 1 h. Brine (50 mL) and CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (300 mL) were added, the two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL), and the combined organic layers ere dried by Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Evaporation of solvents afforded 5.33 g (crude) of the debrominated product as a reddish brown oil.

[1082] Step E

[1083] The alcohol product obtained from Step D above (5.33 g) was oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde (3.06 g, 74% over three steps) using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 34.8, Step D.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.18

[1084] 855

[1085] Step A

[1086] To a stirred solution of cyclopropyl bromide (4.0 mL, 50 mmol) in 120 mL of ether at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise a 1.7M solution of t-butyllithium in pentane (44.5 mL, 75.7 mmol). After 10 min, cooling bath was removed, stirring was continued for 1.5 h. The mixture was cooled again in a -78.degree. C. bath, and 3-furaldehyde (3.5 mL, 41.9 mmol) was added. Reaction was continued for 1 h, and quenched with a saturated NH4Cl aqueous solution. The aqueous mixture was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL.times.3). The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried by Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.3 g (91%) of the alcohol product as a yellow oil.

[1087] Step B

[1088] Chloro trimethylsilane (27.2 mL, 214.2 mmol) was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred suspension of sodium iodide (32 g, 213.5 mmol) in 100 mL of acetonitrile. After 5 min, a solution of the alcohol obtained from Step A above (4.93 g, 35.68 mmol) in 100 mL of acetonitrile was added dropwise. Stirring was continued for 5 min. H.sub.2O (100 mL) was added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (100 mL.times.2). The organic layers were combined, washed with a 10% Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 aqueous solution and brine, and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Evaporation of solvents gave a dark brown oil, which was filtered through a 5-in silica gel column, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-hexanes (1:3.5, v/v). Removal of solvents afforded 4.22 g (47%) of the iodo product as a light yellow oil.

[1089] Step C

[1090] The iodo-product obtained from Step B above (2.2 g, 8.8 mmol) was dissolved in 60 mL of ether, and stirred in a -78.degree. C. bath. A 1.7 M solution of t-butyllithium in pentane (10.4 mL, 17.7 mmol) was added dropwise. After 20 min, cooling bath was removed. Reaction was continued for 2.5 h, and quenched with H.sub.2O (20 mL). The aqueous mixture was stirred overnight and separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried by Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and filtered through a Celite pad. Removal of solvent gave 1.10 g (100%) of 3-butylfuran as a reddish-yellow oil.

[1091] Step D

[1092] 3-Butylfuran (1.1 g, 8.8 mmol), obtained from Step C above, was dissolved in 60 mL of ether, and stirred in a -78.degree. C. bath. A 1.7 M solution of t-butyllithium in pentane (6.0 mL, 10.2 mmol) was added dropwise along the side wall of the flask. The mixture was stirred for 3 h from -78.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., and continued for 1 h at room temperature. A solution of N,N'-dimethylforamide (1.1 mL, 14.23 mmol) was added. Reaction was continued overnight, and quenched with a saturated NH.sub.4Cl aqueous solution. The two layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL.times.2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to an oil, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-hexanes=1:1.5, v/v) to give 0.48 g (36%) of the aldehyde (contaminated by some 3-butyl-2-furaldehyde).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 34.19

[1093] 856

[1094] Step A

[1095] 3-Ethylfuran was prepared from 3-hydroxymethylfuran according to literature procedure: J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 1106-1107 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

[1096] Step B

[1097] 3-Ethylfuran obtained from Step A above was converted to 4-ethyl-2-furaldehyde using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 34.32, Step D.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 35-51.20

[1098] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 34 but using the commercially available aldehydes and Grignard reagents listed in the Table below, the amine products below were obtained.

17 Prep Grignard 1. Yield Ex. Aldehyde Reagent Amine 2. MH.sup.+ 35 857 EtMgBr 858 1. 65% 2. 154 36 859 EtMgBr 860 1. 75% 2. 180 37 861 EtMgBr 862 1. 78% 2. 170 38 863 EtMgBr 864 1. 34% 2. 204 39 865 EtMgBr 866 1. 68% 2. 150 40 867 EtMgBr 868 1. 40% 2. 220 41 869 EtMgBr 870 1. 73% 2. 154 42 871 EtMgBr 872 1. 52% 2. 220 43 873 EtMgBr 874 1. 55% 2. 180 44 875 EtMgBr 876 1. 20% 2. 204 45 877 EtMgBr 878 1. 80% 2. 166 46 879 EtMgBr 880 1. 35% 2. 220 47 881 i-PrMgBr 882 1. 20% 2. 150 48 883 EtMgBr 884 1. 77% 2. [M - NH.sub.2].sup.+ =149 49 885 EtMgBr 886 1. 77% 2. 172 50 887 EtMgBr 888 1. 78% 2. [M -NH.sub.2].sup.+ =147 51 889 EtLi 890 1. 10% 2. 116 51.2 891 EtMgBr 892 1. 37% 2. 161 51.3 893 EtMgBr 894 1. 63% 2. 216 51.4 895 EtMgBr 896 1. 71% 2. 228 51.5 897 EtMgBr 898 1. 89% 2. 168 51.6 899 EtMgBr 900 1. 20% 2. 228 51.8 901 EtMgBr 902 1. 36% 2. 222 51.10 903 904 905 1. 95% 2. 152.1 51.11 906 EtMgBr 907 1. 61% 2. 138.1 MH.sup.+ - H.sub.2O 51.12 908 EtMgBr 909 1. 70% 2. 184.1 51.18 910 EtMgBr 911 1. 42% 2. 147 [M - NH.sub.2].sup.+ 51.19 912 EtMgBr 913 1. 67% 2. 204 51.20 914 EtMgBr 915 1. 33% 2. 188

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 51.25-51.31

[1099] Following the procedure set forth in Example 34 but using the commercially available aldehydes and Grignard reagents listed in the Table below, the amine products were obtained.

18 Grignard Yield Prep Ex. Aldehyde Reagent Amine (%) 51.25 916 EtMgBr 917 20 51.26 918 919 920 77 51.27 921 EtMgBr 922 51 51.28 923 924 925 56 51.29 926 927 928 54 51.30 929 EtMgBr 930 80 51.31 931 932 933 10

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 52

[1100] 934

[1101] Step A

[1102] A mixture of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)thiophene (2 mL, 15.6 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.2 g, 2 eq), diisopropylethylamine (5.5 mL, 2 eq) and MeOH (50 mL) was stirred at reflux for 48-72 hrs, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc, washed with 10% KH.sub.2PO.sub.4 and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 (anhydrous). Filtration and concentration afforded the desired oxime (2.9 g, 96%) which was used directly in Step B without further purification.

[1103] Step B

[1104] To a mixture of the product from Step A above in TFA (20 mL) was added Zn powder (3 g, 3 eq) portionwise over 30 min and stirred at room temperature overnight. The solid was filtered and the mixture reduced in vacuo. Aqueous NaOH (2 M) was added and the mixture was extracted several times with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated to afford the desired product (1.4 g, 50%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 53-61

[1105] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 52 but using the commercially available ketones listed in the Table below, the following amines were obtained.

19 Prep 1. Yield (%) Example Ketone Amine 2. MH.sup.+ 53 935 936 1. 11 2. 128 54 937 938 1. 33 2. 142 55 939 940 1. 49 2. 156 56 941 942 1. 5 2. 154 57 943 944 1. 47 2. 174 58 945 946 1. 71 2. 190 59 947 948 1. 78 2. 191 60 949 950 1. 80 2. 190 61 951 952 1. 9 2. 156

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 62

[1106] 953

[1107] To a cooled (0-5.degree. C.) suspension of L-.alpha.-(2-thienyl)gly- cine (0.5 g) and LiBH.sub.4 (2M in THF, 3.8 mL) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was slowly added a THF (5 mL) solution of iodine (0.8 g). After stirring at room temperature for 15 min, the mixture was stirred at relux overnight. After cooling to room temperature, MeOH was added dropwise until gas evolution ceased and after 30 min, the mixture was evaporated. The oily residue was stirred in 20 mL KOH for 4 hrs, diluted with brine and extracted with EtOAc.

[1108] The organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a crude mixture. Purification by flash column chromatography (50% EtOAc/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, silica) afforded the product (0.3 g, 63%, MH.sup.+=144).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 63

[1109] 954

[1110] CeCl.sub.3-7H.sub.2O was dried at 140-150.degree. C. for 22 hr. To this solid was added THF (80 mL, anhydrous) and after stirring for 2 hr, the suspension was cooled to -78.degree. C. and to it was added methyl lithium over 30 min. After stirring for an additional 30 min 2-thiophenecarbonitrile dissolved in anhydrous THF (4.5 mL) was added and the resulting mixture stirred for an additional 4.5 hr at -78.degree. C. Concentrated aqueous NH.sub.3 (25 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a crude mixture. Purification by flash column chromatography (5% MeOH, CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, silica) afforded the desired product (1.2 g, 62%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 64

[1111] 955

[1112] Step A

[1113] To a solution of (D)-valinol (4.16 g, 40.3 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (60 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added MgSO.sub.4 (20 g) followed by dropwise addition of 3-fluorobenzaldehyde (5.0 g, 40.3 mmol). The heterogenous solution was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 2 h and was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir overnight (14 h). The mixture was filtered and the drying agent was washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.10 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 8.4 g (100%) of an oil which was taken onto the next step without further purification.

[1114] Step B

[1115] To a solution of the imine (8.4 g, 40.2 mmol) from Step A in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (60 mL) at room temperature was added Et.sub.3N (6.2 mL, 44.5 mmol) followed by dropwise addition of TMSCI (5.7 mL, 44.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 6 h at room temperature whereupon the ppt that had formed was filtered off and washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.10 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and was taken up in Et.sub.2O/hexane (1:1/150 mL). The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 10.1 g (89%) of the protected imine as an oil. This material was taken onto the next step without further purification.

[1116] Step C

[1117] To a solution of EtI (4.0 g, 25.6 mmol) in Et.sub.2O (40 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added t-BuLi (30.1 mL, 51.2 mmol, 1.7 M in pentane) and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. The mixture was warmed to room temperature, stirred for 1 h, and was recooled to -40.degree. C. A solution of the imine (6.0 g, 21.4 mmol) from Step B in Et.sub.2O (30 mL) was added dropwise via addition funnel to afford a bright orange mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at -40.degree. C. then 3M HCl (50 mL) was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (50 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (2.times.30 mL) and the organic layers were combined and discarded. The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C. and carefully treated with solid NaOH pellets until pH=12 was attained. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.30 mL) and the combined layers were washed with brine (1.times.30 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 4.8 g (94% yield) of the amine as an oil. This material was taken on crude to the next step without further purification.

[1118] Step D

[1119] To a solution of amine (4.5 g, 18.8 mmol) from Step C in MeOH (80 mL) at room temperature was added MeNH.sub.2 (25 mL, 40% in water) followed by addition of a solution of H.sub.5IO.sub.6 (14.0 g, 61.4 mmol) in H.sub.2O (25 mL). The heterogenous mixture was stirred for 1.5 h (until the reaction was complete by TLC) and the precipitate was filtered off. The resulting filtrate was diluted with water (50 mL) and the mixture was extracted with Et.sub.2O (4.times.60 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated to a volume of .about.30 mL whereupon 3M HCl (75 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred overnight (12 h at room temperature) after which the mixture was concentrated to remove the volatiles. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.40 mL) and the organic layers were discarded. The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C. and was carefully treated with solid NaOH pellets until pH.about.12 was reached. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.60 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4). The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2.8 g(97% yield) of the desired amine as an oil [MH.sup.+ 154]. This compound was proven to be >85% pure by .sup.1H NMR and was used crude in the subsequent coupling step.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 65-75.10J

[1120] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 64 but using the prepared or commercially available aldehydes, amino alcohols, and organolithium reagents in the Table below, the optically pure amine products in the Table below were obtained.

20 Prep Amino Organo Product 1. Yield (%) Ex. Aldehyde Alcohol lithium Product 2. MH.sup.+ 65 956 957 EtLi 958 1. 62 2. 154 66 959 960 EtLi 961 1. 70 2. 154 67 962 963 964 965 1. 54 2. 166 68 966 967 968 969 1. 67 2. 166 69 970 971 EtLi 972 1. 67 2. 154 70 973 974 EtLi 975 1. 42 2. 142 71 976 977 EtLi 978 1. 36 2. 142 72 979 980 981 982 1. 62 2. 148 73 983 984 t-BuLi 985 1. 27 2. 256 74 986 987 t-BuLi 988 1. 15 2. 164 75 989 990 991 992 1. 7 2. 204 75.1 993 994 EtLi 995 1. 65 2. 123 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.2 996 997 EtLi 998 1. 62 2. 123 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.3 999 1000 EtLi 1001 1. 93 2. 139 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.4 1002 1003 tBuLi 1004 1. 50 2. 167 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.5 1005 1006 tBuLi 1007 1. 48 2. 167 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.6 1008 1009 EtLi 1010 1. 97 2. 139 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.7 1011 1012 iPrLi 1013 1. 87 2. 153 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.8 1014 1015 1016 1017 1. 94 2. 151 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.9 1018 1019 EtLi 1020 1. 75 2. 151 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10 1021 1022 tBuLi 1023 1. 30 2. 179 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10A 1024 1025 1026 1027 1. 61 2. 135 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10B 1028 1029 EtLi 1030 1. 24 2. 154 75.10C 1031 1032 EtLi 1033 1. 32 2. 165 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10D 1034 1035 MeLi 1036 1. 47 2. 137 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10E 1037 1038 iPrLi 1039 1. 30 2. 165 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10F 1040 1041 1042 1043 1. 67 2. 163.0 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10G 1044 1045 EtLi 1046 1. 24 2. 165 [M--NH.sub.2].sup.+ 75.10H 1047 1048 EtLi 1049 1. 70 2. 194 75.10J 1050 1051 EtLi 1052 1. 54 2. 208

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 75.11-75.59

[1121] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 64 but using the prepared or commercially available aldehydes, amino alcohols, and organolithium reagents in the Table below and carrying the amine on crude, the optically pure amine products in the Table below were obtained.

21 Prep Amino Organo Yield Ex. Aldehyde Alcohol lithium Product (%) 75.11 1053 1054 1055 1056 52 75.12 1057 1058 1059 1060 50 75.13 1061 1062 iPrLi 1063 57 75.14 1064 1065 iPrLi 1066 54 75.15 1067 1068 iPrLi 1069 58 75.16 1070 1071 1072 1073 61 75.17 1074 1075 EtLi 1076 72 75.18 1077 1078 1079 1080 68 75.19 1081 1082 iPrLi 1083 77 75.20 1084 1085 t-BuLi 1086 15 75.21 1087 1088 MeLi 1089 50 75.22 1090 1091 EtLi 1092 23 75.24 1093 1094 EtLi 1095 20 75.27 1096 1097 EtLi 1098 65 75.28 1099 1100 iPrLi 1101 61 75.29 1102 1103 EtLi 1104 90 75.30 1105 1106 iPrLi 1107 62 75.31 1108 1109 iPrLi 1110 43 75.32 1111 1112 1113 1114 50 75.33 1115 1116 1117 1118 50 75.34 1119 1120 tBuLi 1121 51 75.35 1122 1123 MeLi 1124 51 75.36 1125 1126 tBuLi 1127 57 75.37 1128 1129 tBuLi 1130 60 75.38 1131 1132 EtLi 1133 73 75.39 1134 1135 MeLi 1136 48 75.41 1137 1138 1139 1140 52 75.42 1141 1142 EtLi 1143 40 75.43 1144 1145 tBuLi 1146 20 75.44 1147 1148 t-BuLi 1149 79 75.45 1150 1151 iPrLi 1152 55 75.46 1153 1154 tBuLi 1155 39 75.47 1156 1157 iPrLi 1158 55 75.48 1159 1160 1161 1162 34 75.49 1163 1164 EtLi 1165 61 75.50 1166 1167 tBuLi 1168 25 75.51 1169 1170 iPrLi 1171 33 75.52 1172 1173 tBuLi 1174 30 75.53 1175 1176 EtLi 1177 39 75.54 1178 1179 1180 1181 38 75.55 1182 1183 EtLi 1184 64 75.56 1185 1186 EtLi 1187 46 75.57 1188 1189 EtLi 1190 62 75.58 1191 1192 iPrLi 1193 24 75.59 1194 1195 EtLi 1196 70 75.60 1197 1198 t-BuLi 1199 60 75.61 1200 1201 iPrLi 1202 60 75.62 1203 1204 t-BuLi 1205 57 75.63 1206 1207 EtLi 1208 94 75.64 1209 1210 t-BuLi 1211 46 75.65 1212 1213 t-BuLi 1214 60 75.66 1215 1216 t-BuLi 1217 15 75.67 1218 1219 t-BuLi 1220 60

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 75.75

[1122] 1221

[1123] Step A

[1124] To a solution of aldehyde (2.5 g) in ether (50 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added EtMgBr (4.56 ml) dropwise. The heterogenous mixture was stirred for 2 hr at 0.degree. C. and then poured into a beaker of saturated ammonium chloride (25 ml), ice and CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 ml). After the biphasic mixture stirred for 10 min, the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (2.41 g, 95%)

[1125] Step B

[1126] To a solution of alcohol from Step A above (1 g) in toluene at room temperature was added DPPA. The mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and DBU was added and let stir for 12 hr at room temperature. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with water, 1N HCl and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purified by preparative plate chromatography (hexane/EtOAc 20/1) to give the product (840 mg, 75%).

[1127] Step C

[1128] To a solution of azide (730 mg) from Step B above in THF (7 ml) was added PPh.sub.3 (1 g). The heterogenous solution was stirred for 12 hr, whereupon water (1.5 ml) was added. The mixture was refluxed overnight, cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. Ether and 1N HCl were added to the residue. The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C., basified with NaOH pellets and extracted with ether. The ether layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (405 mg, 62%).

[1129] Step D

[1130] To a solution of azide in THF at -10.degree. C. was added LiAlH.sub.4 portionwise. The heterogenous solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and then refluxed for 4 hr. The solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and water, 2M NaOH and ether were added to the reaction. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was treated with 3N HCl. The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C., basified with NaOH pellots and extracted with ether. The ether layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 75.76-75.90

[1131] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 75.75, and using the reduction procedure indicated, the following amines were obtained.

22 Prep Reducing % Ex. Aldehyde Step Product Yield 75.76 1222 D 1223 43 75.77 1224 C 1225 36 75.78 1226 D 1227 32 75.79 1228 C 1229 42 75.80 1230 D 1231 56 75.81 1232 D 1233 35 75.82 1234 C 1235 13 75.83 1236 C 1237 42 75.84 1238 C 1239 39 75.85 1240 C 1241 26 75.86 1242 C 1243 25 75.87 1244 C 1245 14 75.88 1246 C 1247 49 75.89 1248 C 1249 34 75.90 1250 C 1251 44 75.92 1252 C 1253 74 75.93 1254 C 1255 81

[1132] Preparative Example 75.200 1256

[1133] If one were to follow a similar procedure as that in Preparative Example 64, but using the aldehyde from Preparative Example 1004A and cyclopentyllithium instead of ethyllithium, the title aldehyde could be prepared.

[1134] Preparative Example 75.201 1257

[1135] If one were to follow a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 75.200, but using 5-methylfuranaldehyde instead of the aldehyde from Preparative Example 1004A, the title aldehyde could be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76

[1136] 1258

[1137] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3319-3323 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76.1

[1138] 1259

[1139] Step A

[1140] To a solution of amine from Preparative Example 75.90 (2.22 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added TEA (3.03 ml) followed by BOC.sub.2O (2.85 g). The heterogenous mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. 10% Citric acid was added to the reaction and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc 10:1) to afford 2.7 g of an oil (81%).

[1141] Step B

[1142] Following the procedure from Preparative Example 13.4, Step A, but using the product from Step A above (450 mg) and 3-thiophene boronic acid (284 mg), the product was prepared (325 mg, 71%).

[1143] Step C

[1144] To the product from Step B (325 g) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (1.31 ml) and let stir for 1 hr. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and taken up in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and concentrated in vacuo again. This procedure was repeated 5 times to afford a semisolid (89%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76.2-76.3

[1145] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 76.1, but using the commercially available boronic acids, the indicated amines were prepared.

23 Prep Ex. Boronic Acid Product Yield (%) 76.2 1260 1261 70 76.3 1262 1263 35

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76.10

[1146] 1264

[1147] Step A

[1148] The product from Preparative Example 75.75, Step A (2.5 g) was reacted via the Preparative Example 13.11, Step B to give the ketone (1.93 g, 78%).

[1149] Step B

[1150] To a solution of ketone from Step A above (500 mg) in THF (5 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added S-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine (0.98 ml) dropwise followed by BH.sub.3Me.sub.2S (1.48 ml). The mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 2 hr and was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with MeOH (10 ml). After stirring for 20 min, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with 1M HCl, saturated sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by preparative plate chromatography (Hex/EtOAc 4:1) to afford 650 mg of an oil (89%).

[1151] Step C

[1152] The chiral alcohol from Step B above was reacted via the Preparative Example 75.75 Step B to give the azide.

[1153] Step D

[1154] The azide from Step C above was reacted via the Preparative Example 75.75 Step C to give the amine product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 76.11

[1155] 1265

[1156] The desired compound was prepared as in Preparative Example 76.10, but using the R-2-methyloxazaborolidine in step B.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 77

[1157] 1266

[1158] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3319-3323 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 78

[1159] 1267

[1160] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39,181-183 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 78.1

[1161] 1268

[1162] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Organometallic Chem. 1998, 567, 31-37 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 79

[1163] 1269

[1164] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39,181-183 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 80

[1165] 1270

[1166] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in (a) Synthesis 1987, 998-1001, (b) Synthesis 1996, 641-646, and (c) J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2176-2186 (the disclosures of each reference being incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 81

[1167] 1271

[1168] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in (a) Synthesis 1987, 998-1001, (b) Synthesis 1996, 641-646 and (c) J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2176-2186 (the disclosures of each reference being incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 82

[1169] 1272

[1170] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 2176-2186 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 83

[1171] 1273

[1172] To a solution of carboxylic acid (1.5 g, 7.89 mmol) in H.sub.2O/acetone (1:10/12 mL total) at 0.degree. C. was added Et.sub.3N (1.43 mL, 10.3 mmol) followed by addition of ethyl chloroformate (0.83 mL, 8.68 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min after which a solution of NaN.sub.3 (0.77 g, 11.8 mmol) in H.sub.2O (2 mL) was added dropwise. The resultant heterogenous mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0.degree. C., then cold water (5 mL) and Et.sub.2O (10 mL) were added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (2.times.10 mL). The organic layers were combined, toluene (20 mL) was added, and the organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 20 mL. t-BuOH (5 mL) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was taken up in 3M HCl (30 mL) and was heated at reflux for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.15 mL). The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C. and solid NaOH pellets were added until pH.about.12 was reached. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.30 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 0.78 g (61% yield) of an oil [MH.sup.+ 162]. This material was used without further purification.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 84

[1173] 1274

[1174] The corresponding cyclopropyl analog was prepared according to the procedure outlined in Preparative Example 83.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 85

[1175] 1275

[1176] The corresponding cyclohexyl analog was prepared according to the procedure outlined in Preparative Example 83.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 86

[1177] 1276

[1178] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 892-898 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 88.2

[1179] 1277

[1180] Step A

[1181] 2-Methylthiophene (3 g) was dissolved in THF and cooled to -40.degree. C. N-butyllithium (2.5M in hexane, 12.24 ml) added dropwise and let stir at -40.degree. C. for 30 min. CuBr.(CH.sub.3).sub.2S (6.29 g) added and let warm to -25.degree. C. where the trifluoroaceticanhydrid- e (4.32 ml) was added. The reaction was stirred at -15.degree. C. over the weekend. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer washed with brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.59 g of an oil (78%).

[1182] Step B

[1183] The product from Step A (4.58 g), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3 g), sodium acetate (4.4 g), EtOH (75 ml) and H.sub.2O (7.5 ml) were combined and heated to 75.degree. C. overnight. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, taken up 1N HCl, extracted with ether, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.58 g of the product (93%, MH+=210).

[1184] Step C

[1185] The product from Step B above (4.5 g) was dissolved in TFA (40 ml) and cooled to 0.degree. C. Zn powder (4.2 g) was added portionwise and let reaction warm to room temperature and stir overnight. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, taken up in 1N NaOH, extracted with ether, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.43 g of the product (80%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 89

[1186] 1278

[1187] To a solution of KH (0.45 g, 11.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at room temperature was added amine hydrochloride (0.85 g, 5.1 mmol) portionwise to afford a heterogenous reaction mixture. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight (12 h) and MeI (0.32 mL, 5.1 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 6 h after which the mixture was carefully poured into cold brine (125 mL). The mixture was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.25 mL) and the organic layers were combined. The organic layer was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product as an oil. This material was carried on crude to the coupling step without further purification or characterization.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 89.1

[1188] 1279

[1189] To a solution of KH (1.1 g) in THF (20 ml) at room temperature was added (R)-2-amino-1-butanol 48 ml) dropwise to afford a heterogenous mixture. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight (18 hr) and then MeI (1.59 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 4 hr after which brine was added. Extracted with ether, dried with K.sub.2CO.sub.3, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1.75 g of an oil.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 89.2

[1190] 1280

[1191] To a solution of KH (1.1 g) in THF (20 ml) at room temperature was added (S)-2-amino-1-butanol 48 ml) dropwise to afford a heterogenous mixture. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight (18 hr) and then MeI (1.59 ml) was added dropwise.

[1192] The mixture was stirred for 4 hr after which brine was added. Extracted with ether, dried with K.sub.2CO.sub.3, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1.75 g of an oil.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 90

[1193] 1281

[1194] The corresponding cis analog was prepared in an analogous fashion utilizing the procedure described in Preparative Example 89. This material was also used without further purification.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 91

[1195] 1282

[1196] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 4437-4444 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 92

[1197] 1283

[1198] The desired compound was prepared according to methods previously described in Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1962, 35,11-16 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 93

[1199] 1284

[1200] The desired amine was prepared from the corresponding ketone according to standard methods previously described in (a) Synthesis 1987, 998-1001, (b) Synthesis 1996, 641-646 and (c) J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2176-2186 (the disclosures of each being incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 94

[1201] 1285

[1202] The desired amine was prepared from the corresponding ketone according to standard methods previously described in (a) Synthesis 1987, 998-1001, (b) Synthesis 1996, 641-646 and (c) J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 2176-2186 (the disclosures of each being incorporated herein by reference thereto).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 95

[1203] 1286

[1204] Step A

[1205] Lithium hexamethyldisilylazide (34 mL, 1M in THF) was added dropwise to a -78.degree. C. THF (20 mL) solution of isobutyronitrile (2.8 mL). After 40 min, cyclopropyl-methylbromide (5 g) was added and the mixture warmed to and stirred at 25.degree. C. overnight. After cooling to 0.degree. C., 1M HCl (aq) was added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo at 0.degree. C. to give the desired product (4.5 g).

[1206] Step B

[1207] Methyl Lithium (17 mL, 1.4 M in Et.sub.2O) was added to the product from Step A above (1.5 g) in Et.sub.2O (anhydrous) at 0.degree. C. The mixture was stirred at 0-25.degree. C. overnight, then diluted with 3M HCl (aq), extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, concentrated in vacuo at 0.degree. C. and used directly in Step C.

[1208] Step C

[1209] The product from Step B above was added to a slurry of NaBH.sub.4 (1.4 g) in isopropanol (50 mL) at 0.degree. C., then the mixture was stirred at reflux for 8 hr and at room temperature for 48 hrs. Water was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min, then extracted with diethyl ether, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and extracted with 3M HCl. The organic phase was discarded and the aqueous phase was basified with NaOH (aq) and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. Drying over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtering, and concentration in vacuo gave the desired compound (0.5 g).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 96

[1210] 1287

[1211] Step A

[1212] 2-Thiophenecarbonyl chloride (2.0 mL, 18.7 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL dichloromethane. After addition of diisopropylethylamine (4.1 mL, 23.4 mmol) and Boc-piperazine (3.66 g, 19.7 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was put into water (500 mL) and acidified with 3N HCl to pH.about.1. Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) and drying over sodium sulfate resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in the next step without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 1.60 (s, 9H), 3.29 (dd, 4H), 3.69 (dd, 4H), 7.23 (dd, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H).

[1213] Step B

[1214] The crude material from Step A was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (75 mL, 4/1). After stirring for 2 h, the reaction mixture was put into 1N sodium hydroxide (400 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) and drying over sodium sulfate resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in Step C without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 2.81 (dd, 4H), 3.63 (dd, 4H), 7.21 (dd, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H).

[1215] Step C

[1216] The crude material (3.50 g, 17.8 mmol) from Step B was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). After addition of diisopropylethylamine (18.7 mL, 107 mmol), 3-nitrosalicylic acid (3.3 g, 18.0 mmol), and PyBrOP (10.4 g, 22.3 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (200 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.200 mL) removed all PyBrOP by-products. The aqueous phase was acidified with 3N HCl and subsequently extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic phases of the acidic extraction were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and finally purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=10/1) to yield the desired product (2.31 g, 34% over 3 steps). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.30-3.90 (m, 8H), 7.10-8.20 (m, double signals due to E/Z-isomers, 6H), 10.82 (s, 1H).

[1217] Step D

[1218] The nitro-compound (2.3 g, 6.4 mmol) from Step C was dissolved in methanol (50 mL) and stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and washed thoroughly with methanol. Finally, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=10/1) to yield the desired product (1.78 g, 84%). .sup.1H NMR (300MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.30-3.90 (m, 8H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 10.85 (bs, 1H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 97

[1219] 1288

[1220] Step A

[1221] Picolinic acid (3.0 g, 24.3 mmol) was suspended in SOCl.sub.2 (15 mL). After addition of dimethylformamide (5 drops), the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours. Evaporation of the solvent yielded the corresponding acid chloride as HCl-salt. Without any further purification, the solid was suspended in 120 mL dichloromethane. After addition of diisopropylethylamine (12.7 mL, 73 mmol) and Boc-piparazine (4.8 g, 25.5 mmol), the reaction was stirred over night at room temperature. The resulting mixture was put into water (500 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL). Drying over sodium sulfate resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in Step B without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 1.63 (s, 9H), 3.21 (dd, 4H), 3.61 (dd, 4H), 7.57 (dd, 1H), 7.63 (d,1 H), 7.98 (dd, 1H), 8.70 (d, 1H).

[1222] Step B

[1223] The crude material from Step A was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (75 mL, 4/1). After stirring for 2 days, the reaction mixture was put into 1N sodium hydroxide (400 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) and drying over sodium sulfate resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in Step C without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 2.77 (dd, 2H), 2.83 (dd, 1H), 3.38 (dd, 2H), 3.64 (dd, 1H), 7.58 (dd, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 8.00 (dd, 1H), 8.67 (d, 1H).

[1224] Step C

[1225] The crude material (1.35 g, 7.06 mmol) from Step B was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). After addition of diisopropylethylamine (3.7 mL, 21.2 mmol), 3-nitrosalicylic acid (1.36 g, 7.41 mmol), and PyBrOP (3.62 g, 7.77 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (300 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) removed any PyBrOP products. The aqueous phase was acidified with 3N HCl. Adjustment of the pH with saturated sodium carbonate solution to almost neutral crushed the desired compound out of solution. The aqueous phase was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers of the neutral extraction were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and finally purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=20/1) to yield the desired product (1.35 g, 16% over 3 steps). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.30-3.95 (m, 8H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 8.03 (m, 1H), 8.17 (m, 1H), 8.69 (m, 1H), 10.82 (s, 1H).

[1226] Step D

[1227] The nitro-compound (1.35 g, 3.79 mmol) from Step C was dissolved in methanol (60 mL) and stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and washed thoroughly with methanol. Finally, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=20/1) to yield the desired product (1.10 g, 89%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.50-3.85 (m, 8H), 6.47 (dd 1H), 6.74 (m, 2H), 7.59 (dd, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 8.04 (dd, 1H), 8.68 (d, 1H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 98

[1228] 1289

[1229] Step A

[1230] 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid (2.5 g, 20.0 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). After addition of PyBrOP (16.3 g, 35.0 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (14.0 mL, 73.0 mmol) and Boc-piparazine (5.5 g, 30.0 mmol), the reaction was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (200 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) removed all PyBrOP by-products. The aqueous phase was acidified with 3N HCl. Adjustment of the pH with saturated sodium carbonate solution to almost neutral precipitated the desired compound. The aqueous phase was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic phases of the neutral extraction were dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of the solvent resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in Step B without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 1.59 (s, 9H) 3.21 (dd, 4H), 3.61 (dd, 4H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 6.11 (dd, 1H), 6.33 (d, 1H) 1H).

[1231] Step B

[1232] The crude material from Step A was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (75 mL, 4/1). After stirring for 3 h, the reaction mixture was put into 1N sodium hydroxide (400 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL) and drying over sodium sulfate resulted in sufficiently pure product that was used in Step C without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 2.79 (dd, 4H), 3.62 (dd, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 6.11 (dd, 1H), 6.37 (d, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H).

[1233] Step C

[1234] The crude material (3.15 g, 16.3 mmol) from Step B was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). After addition of diisopropylethylamine (8.5 mL, 49.0 mmol), 3-nitrosalicylic acid (3.13 g, 17.1 mmol), and PyBrOP (9.11 g, 19.6 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (400 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) removed all PyBrOP products. The aqueous phase was then carefully acidified with 3N HCl until the color of the solution changes from orange to yellow and the desired compound crashed out of solution. The aqueous phase was subsequently extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers of the acidic extraction were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield the desired product. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.35-3.85 (m, 8H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 6.13 (dd, 1H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H), 10.83 (s, 2H).

[1235] Step D

[1236] The crude nitro-compound from Step C was suspended in methanol (60 mL) and stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and washed thoroughly with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=10/1) to yield the desired product (2.61 g, 40% for 4 steps). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.45-4.80 (m, 8H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 6.17 (dd, 1H), 6.45 (m, 2H), 6.78 (m, 2H), 7.01 (d, 1H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 99

[1237] 1290

[1238] Step A

[1239] 2-Bromopyridine N-oxide hydrochloride (1.1 3 g, 5.37 mmol) and Boc-piperazine (1.50 g, 8.06 mmol) were heated to 80.degree. C. in pyridine (10 mL) over night. The reaction mixture was put into water (300 mL) and then extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and finally purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=10/1) to yield the desired product (500 mg, 33%).

[1240] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d-CDCl.sub.3) 1.60 (s, 9H), 3.46 (dd, 4H), 3.78 (dd, 4H), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.37 (dd, 1H), 8.33 (d, 1H).

[1241] Step B

[1242] The purified product (500 mg, 1.79 mmol) was stirred for 30 min with 4N HCl/dioxane (15 mL). Evaporation of the solvent yielded the crude amine (465 mg) as multiple HCl-salt which was used in Step C without any further purification.

[1243] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.38 (m, 4H), 4.81 (m, 4H), 7.34 (dd, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.86 (dd, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H).

[1244] Step C

[1245] The crude material (370 mg, 1.48 mmol) from Step B was suspended in dichloromethane (20 mL). After addition of diisopropylethylamine (2.6 mL, 14.8 mmol), 3-nitrosalicylic acid (406 mg, 2.22 mmol), and PyBrOP (1.21 g, 2.59 mmol), the mixture was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (50 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.50 mL) removed all PyBrOP products. The aqueous phase was then carefully acidified (pH.about.4-5) with 3N HCl and extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.50 mL). The combined organic layers of the acidic extraction were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=10/1) to yield the desired product (330 mg, 65%).

[1246] LCMS calculated: 344.1, found: (M+1).sup.+ 345.1

[1247] Step D

[1248] Sodium hydrosulfite (1.05 g) was dissolved in water (3.0 mL) to yield a 1.5N solution. Addition of dioxane (3.0 mL) was followed by injection of conc. ammonium hydroxide (0.60 mL, yields a 1.0N concentration). After addition of the nitro-compound (100 mg, 0.29 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h. Subsequently, the solvent was removed and the residue suspended in dichloromethane/methanol (10/1). Filtration through Celite removed most of the salts. Final purification by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol=5/1) yielded the desired product (68 mg, 75%).

[1249] LCMS calculated: 314.14, found: (M+1).sup.+ 315.1

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 100

[1250] 1291

[1251] Step A

[1252] 4-Bromopyridine hydrochloride (3.0 g, 15.4 mmol) was dissolved in water (15 mL). After addition of N-benzylpiperazine (14.8 mL, 85.0 mmol) and 500 mg copper sulfate, the reaction mixture was heated overnight to 140.degree. C. The resulting product was extracted with ether (5.times.75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Final purification by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol/NH.sub.4OH=10/1/0.1) yielded the desired product (2.16 g, 55%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d-CDCl.sub.3) 2.68 (dd, 4H), 3.45 (dd, 4H), 6.76 (d, 2H), 7.40 (m, 5H), 8.38 (d, 2H).

[1253] Step B

[1254] The benzylamine (2.16 g, 8.54 mmol) from Step A, ammonium formate (2.71 g, 43.0 mmol) and Pd(C) (10%, 1.0 g) was suspended in methanol (50 mL) and refluxed for 3 h. The palladium was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated. The sufficiently pure product was used in Step C without any further purification. .sup.1H NMR (300MHz, d-CDCl.sub.3) 2.48 (bs, 1H), 3.13 (dd, 4H), 3.41 (dd, 4H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 8.39 (d, 2H).

[1255] Step C

[1256] The crude material (1.15 g, 7.06 mmol) from Step B was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). After addition of diisopropylethylamine (4.7 mL, 42.4 mmol), 3-nitrosalicylic acid (1.94 g, 10.6 mmol), and PyBrOP (5.78 g, 12.3 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred over night at room temperature before being put into 1N sodium hydroxide (300 mL). Extraction with dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL) removed all PyBrOP products. The aqueous phase was carefully acidified to pH.about.5-6 with 3N HCl and extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers of the neutral extraction were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and finally purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol/NH.sub.4OH=10/1/0.1) to yield the desired product (850 mg, 37% for 2 steps).

[1257] Step D

[1258] The nitro-compound (850 mg, 2.59 mmol) from Step C was dissolved in methanol (40 mL) and stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and washed thoroughly with methanol. Finally, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol/NH.sub.4OH=10/1/0.1) to yield the desired product (650 g, 84%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) 3.40-3.75 (bm, 8H), 6.49 (dd, 1H), 6.76 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 8.28 (d, 2H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 101

[1259] 1292

[1260] Step 1

[1261] N,N'-Dibenzyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (20 mL, 0.0813 mol), triethylamine (22.66 mL, 0. 1626 mol) and benzene (100 mL) were combined in a round bottom flask. A solution of 2,3-dibromo-propionic acid ethyl ester (11.82 mL, 0.0813 mol) in benzene (50 mL) was added dropwise. The solution was refluxed over night and monitored by TLC (20% ethyl acetate/hexane). The reaction was cooled to room temperature, then filtered and washed with benzene. The filtrate was concentrated then purified by column chromatography (15% ethyl acetate/hexane). The product was isolated as an oil (25.42 g, 0.0752 mol, 92%). MS: calculated: 338.20, found: 339.2

[1262] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.23 (t, 3H), 2.48 (m, 3H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.73 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.42 (d, 1H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.91 (d, 1H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 10H).

[1263] Step 2

[1264] In a Parr shaker vessel, the ester (25.43 g, 0.075 mol) and methanol (125 mL) were combined. The vessel was purged with argon and palladium catalyst (5% on carbon, 2.5 g) was added. The system was shaken under an atmosphere of hydrogen overnight. TLC (20% ethyl acetate/hexane) indicated that reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated and the product isolated as a solid (11.7 g, 0.074 mol, 98%).

[1265] MS: calculated: 158.11, found:159.2 .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.27 (t, 3H), 2.70 (m, 4H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 3.13 (dd, 1 H), 3.43 (dd, 1H), 4.18 (m, 2H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 102

[1266] 1293

[1267] Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3.11 g, 0.0197 mol), diisopropylethylamine (5.15 mL, 0.0296 mol) and methylene chloride (200 mL) were combined in a round bottom flask. While stirring at room temperature, a solution of N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (1.81 mL, 0.0197 mol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for one hour. After this time the reaction was concentrated and carried on to the next step without further purification. (99% yield).

[1268] MS: calculated: 229.14, found:230.1 .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.30 (t, 3H), 2.85 (s, 6H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 4.21 (q, 2H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 103-104

[1269] Following the procedure described for Preparative Example 102, the Products listed in the table below were prepared using the commercially available chloride shown and piperazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from Preparative Example 101.

24 1. Yield (%) Example Chloride Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 103 1294 1295 1. 99 2. 237.1 104 1296 1297 1. 62 2. 253.1

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 105

[1270] 1298

[1271] Step 1

[1272] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (3.61 g, 0.0197 g), DCC (2.03 g, 0.0099 mol) and ethyl acetate (130 mL) were combined in a round bottom flask and stirred for 15 min. 4-Dimethylcarbamoyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4.51 g, 0.0197 g) was added, and the reaction was stirred for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated then dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed once with 0.1N sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was back extracted once with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was acidified and wash three times with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (5% methanol/DCM).

[1273] MS: calculated: 394.15, found:395.0 .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.32 (t, 3H), 2.86 (m, 7H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.51 (m, 4H), 4.24 (m, 3H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H), 10.86 (bs, 1H).

[1274] Step 2

[1275] 4-Dimethylcarbamoyl-1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoyl )-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.80 g, 0.002 mol) and methanol (50 mL) were combined in a round bottom flask. The system was purged with argon. To the solution was added 5% palladium on carbon (.about.100 mg). The flask was purged with hydrogen and stirred overnight. The reaction was filtered through a pad of celite and washed with methanol. The material was concentrated then purified by column chromatography (6% methanol/DCM). Isolated product (0.74 g, 0.002 mol, 100%).

[1276] MS: calculated: 364.17, found:365.1 .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.27 (t, 3H), 2.85 (m, 8H), 3.18 (1H), 3.45 (m, 3H), 4.19 (m, 3H), 3.90 (m, 3H).

[1277] Step 3

[1278] 1-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-benzoyl)-4-dimethylcarbamoyl-piperazine-2-carb- oxylic acid ethyl ester (0.74 g, 0.002 mol) was suspended in a solution of dioxane (10 mL) and water (10 mL). Lithium hydroxide (0.26 g, 0.0061 mol) was added and the mixture stirred for two hours. The solution was acidified to pH=6 with 3N HCl then extracted with butanol. The extracts were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.

[1279] MS: calculated: 336.14, found:337.1 .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 2.86 (m, 7H), 3.23 (m, 3H), 3.54 (m, 3H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 106-107

[1280] Following the procedure described for Example 105, the Products listed in the table below were prepared using the amine from the Preparative Example indicated and 3-nitrosalacylic acid.

25 1. Yield (%) 2. (M + 1).sup.+ Example Aniline Product 3. Note 106 103 1299 1. 91 2. Not observed 3. Rainey nickel used in Step 2 107 104 1300 1. 24 2. 360.0 3. For Step 1 used PyBrop/ DIEA in DCM

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 108

[1281] 1301

[1282] Step A

[1283] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (1.0 g, 5.5 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 mL). 1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.568 g, 2.8 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for approximately 10 minutes and cooled to 0.degree. C. During this time a precipitate formed. Azetidine (0.39 mL, 5.8 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred overnight and allowed to warm to room temperature. After this time the reaction was cooled to 0.degree. C. and filtered. The collected solid was washed with chilled ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (80% EtOAc/Hex) to give the product (476 mg, 39.0%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 62.40(m, 2H), 4.38(m, 4H), 6.97(m, 1H), 7.62(d, 1H), 8.12(d, 1H), 12.88(m, 1H) ppm.

[1284] Step B 1302

[1285] The nitro compound (0.48 g, 2.1 mmol) from Preparative Example 32 Step A was dissolved in methanol (25 ml) and stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give the product (344 mg, 90%). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 62.52(m, 2H), 4.57(bs, 4H), 6.75(m, 1H), 6.90(m, 2H), 12.71(bs, 1H) ppm.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE109

[1286] 1303

[1287] In essentially the same manner as described in Preparative Example 108 above, the morpholino-amine product was obtained.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 110

[1288] 1304

[1289] Piperazine (4.9 g, 0.057 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). N,N'-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (1.0 mL, 0.011 mol) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for one hour. After this time 1N potassium hydroxide (200 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product, without further purification, as an oil (1.16 g, 13%).

[1290] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.95 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 6H), 2.86 (m, 4H), 3.20 (m, 4H). MS: calculated: 157.12, found: 158.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 111

[1291] 1305

[1292] Piperazine (4.9 g, 0.057 mol) was dissolved in 1N HCl (100 mL). A solution of phenylsulfonylchloride (1.45 mL, 0.011 mol) in acetonitrile (25 mL) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. After this time the reaction was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The solution was then made basic with 1N potassium hydroxide and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The dichloromethane fractions were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product, without further purification, as a solid (1.22 g, 9.4%).

[1293] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 2.94 (m, 8H), 7.56 (m, 3H), 7.76 (m, 2H). MS: calculated: 226.08, found: 227.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 112

[1294] 1306

[1295] Piperazine (4.9 g, 0.057 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.85 mL, 0.011 mol) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. After this time 1N potassium hydroxide (200 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product, without further purification, as a solid (1.07 g, 11%).

[1296] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.75 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 4H), 3.20 (m, 4H). MS: calculated: 164.06, found: 165.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 113

[1297] 1307

[1298] Step A

[1299] Boc-Piperazine (3.0 g, 0.0161 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). Propylisocyanate (1.51 mL, 0.0 161 mol) was added to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for over night. After this time the reaction was diluted with 1N potassium hydroxide (200 mL) and extracted six times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product as a solid.

[1300] Step B

[1301] The product of Step A above, was dissolved in a 30% trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane solution and stirred overnight. After this time a 1N potassium hydroxide solution (200 mL) was added to the reaction. The aqueous layer was extracted a total of six times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product (1.37 g, 50%).

[1302] 25 .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 0.92 (t, 3H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 4H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.37 (m, 4H), 4.61 (bs, 1H). MS: calculated: 171.14, found: 172.0.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 114

[1303] 1308

[1304] Piperazine (4.9 g, 0.0569 mol) was dissolved in 1N HCl (70 mL). A solution of phenylchloroformate (1.43 mL, 0.0114 mol) in acetonitrile (25 mL) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. After this time the reaction was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The solution was then made basic with 1N potassium hydroxide and extracted three times with dichloromethane. The dichloromethane fractions were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product, without further purification, as a solid (2.12 g, 18%).

[1305] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.78 (s, 1H), 2.91 (m, 4H), 3.59 (m, 4H), 7.11 (2H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H). MS: calculated: 206.24, found: 207.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 115-117

[1306] Following the procedure described for Example 112, the Products listed in the table below were prepared using the commercially available chloroformate shown and piperazine.

26 1. Yield (%) Example Chloroformate Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 115 1309 1310 1. 54 2. 144.9 116 1311 1312 1. 17 2. 173.0 117 1313 1314 1. 69 2. 173.0

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 118

[1307] 1315

[1308] Step A

[1309] Boc-Piperazine (3.01 g, 0.0161 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL) along with diisopropylethylamine (5.61 mL, 0.0322 mol). Benzoylchloride (1.87 mL, 0.0161 mol) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for several hours. After this time the reaction was concentrated and the product was purified by column chromatography (10% MeOH/DCM). Boc-Protected product was isolated as a solid (5.21 g).

[1310] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.47 (s, 9H), 3.45 (m, 8H), 7.41 (m, 5H). MS: calculated: 290.16, found: 290.8.

[1311] Step B

[1312] The product from Step A above, was dissolved in a 50% trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane solution and stirred overnight. After this time the reaction was diluted with 1N potassium hydroxide (200 mL) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous phase was then extracted six times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided product (2.93 g).

[1313] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.92 (s, 1H), 2.87 (m, 4H), 3.52 (m, 4H), 7.39 (s, 5H). MS: calculated: 190.11, found: 191.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 119

[1314] 1316

[1315] Step A

[1316] Boc-Piperazine (3.0 g, 0.0 161 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL) along with diisopropylethylamine (3.1 mL, 0.0177 mol). N,N'-dimethylsulfamoyl chloride (1.73 mL, 0.0161 mol) was added dropwise to the solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for several hours. After this time the reaction was diluted with water (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted six times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product, without further purification, as a solid (4.53 g).

[1317] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 1.47 (s, 9H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 3.21 (m, 4H), 3.48 (m, 4H). MS: calculated: 293.14, found: 194.1 (M-Boc).sup.+.

[1318] Step B

[1319] The product from Step A above, was dissolved in a 30% trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane solution and stirred overnight. After this time the reaction was diluted with water and 1N potassium hydroxide was used to make the aqueous layer slightly basic. The aqueous layer was extracted a total of seven times with dichloromethane. The organic fractions were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration provided the product (2.96 g).

[1320] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) 2.03 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 6H), 2.92 (m, 4H), 3.23 (m, 4H). MS: calculated: 193.09, found: 194.1.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 120

[1321] Step A 1317

[1322] In essentially the same manner as that described in Preparative Example 105, Step 1, using 3-nitrobenzoic acid instead of 3-nitrosalicylic acid, the methyl ester product was prepared.

[1323] Step B 1318

[1324] The methyl ester (1.79 g, 6.1 mmol) from Step A above, was dissolved in dioxane/water (20 mL/15 mL) at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide (0.258 g, 6.2 mmol) was added to the solution. After a few hours more lithium hydroxide was added (0.128 g, 3.0 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for another hour. After this time the reaction was concentrated and then taken up in water. The solution was extracted two times with ether. The aqueous phase was then acidified and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic fractions were then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Product was isolated by column chromatography (95% EtOAc/Hex, 0.05% HOAc) to give the product (1.66 g, 98%).

[1325] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.49(m, 2H), 1.68(m, 1H), 1.82(m, 2H), 2.44(m, 1H) 3.32(m, 1H), 3.58(m, 1H), 5.57(m, 1H), 7.65(m, 1H), 7.80(m, 1H), 8.32(m, 2H), 10.04(bs, 1Hppm).

[1326] Step C 1319

[1327] The nitro compound was dissolved in an excess of methanol (20 mL) and covered by a blanket of argon. 5% Palladium on carbon was added (catalytic) and a hydrogen balloon was attached to the flask. The atmosphere of the system was purged under vacuum and replaced with hydrogen. This step was repeated for a total of three times. The reaction was then stirred under hydrogen overnight. After this time the balloon was removed and the solution was filtered through celite followed by several rinses with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated and dried on the vacuum line to provide the desired aniline product (1.33 g, 90%).

[1328] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 1.40(m, 2H), 1.50(m, 1H), 1.68(m, 2H), 2.33(m, 1H) 3.18(m, 1H), 3.62(m, 1H), 5.39(m, 1H), 6.12(bs, 2H), 6.75(m, 2H), 7.12(m,1H)ppm. Mass Spectra, calculated: 248, found: 249.1 (M+1).sup.+

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 121-123

[1329] Following the procedure described in Preparative Example 120, but using the commercially available amine and benzoic acid indicated, the intermediate products in the table below were obtained.

27 1. Yield (%) Carboxylic 2. (M + 1).sup.+ Ex. Acid Amine Product 3. Note 121 1320 1321 1322 1. 21 2. 251.0 122 1323 1324 1325 1. 21 2. 265.0 3. Skipped step B 123 1326 1327 1328 1. 15 2. 264.0 3. Skipped step B

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 124

[1330] 1329

[1331] Step A

[1332] 3-Nitrosalicylic acid (500 mg, 2.7 mmol), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiim- ide (DCC) (563 mg) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) were combined and stirred for 10 min. (R)-(-)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (0.27 mL) was added and the resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solid was filtered off and the filtrate was either concentrated down and directly purified or washed with 1N NaOH. The aqueous phase was acidified and extracted with EtOAc. The resulting organic phase was dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by preparative plate chromatography (silica gel, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 saturated with AcOH) gave the desired compound (338 mg, 46%, MH.sup.+=267). ps Step B

[1333] The product from Step A above was stirred with 10% Pd/C under a hydrogen 5 gas atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 4% MeOH/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 saturated with NH.sub.4OH) to give the product (129 mg, 43%, MH+=237).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 125-145

[1334] Following the procedure described for Preparative Example 124, but using the commercially available amine or the amine from the Preparative Example indicated and 3-nitrosalicylic acid, the products in the table below were obtained.

28 Amine Comm. Avail./ 1. Yield(%) Ex. From Prep. Ex. Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 125 1330 1331 1. 37 2. 298.1 126 1332 1333 1. 31 2. 310.1 127 1334 1335 1. 68 2. 294.1 128 1336 1337 1. 54 2. 365.9 129 1338 1339 1. 45 2. 316.1 130 110 1340 1. 59 2. 293.1 131 111 1341 1. 32 2. 362.0 132 114 1342 1. 36 2. 342.0 133 112 1343 1. 65 2. 300.0 134 1344 1345 1. 48 2. 321.1 135 1346 1347 1. 50 2. 300.1 136 1348 1349 1. 56 2. 299.2 137 115 1350 1. 79 2. 280.1 138 116 1351 1. 64 2. 307.1 139 1352 1353 1. 73 2. 304.2 140 1354 1355 1. 34 2. 264.0 141 117 1356 1. 40 2. 307.1 142 113 1357 1. 91 2. 307.1 143 118 1358 1. 9.0 2. 326.0 144 119 1359 1. 42 2. 329.0 145 1360 1361 1. 6.5 2. 236.1

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 146

[1335] 1362

[1336] Step A

[1337] To a solution of tosylaziridine (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6844-6845, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by refernce thereto) (0.5 g, 2.1 mmol) and Cu(acac).sub.2 (55 mg, 0.21 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added PhMgBr (3.5 ml, 3.0 M in THF) diluted with THF (8 mL) dropwise over 20 min. The resulting solution was allowed to gradually warm to rt and was stirred for 12 h. Sat. aq. NH.sub.4Cl (5 mL), was added and the mixture was extracted with Et.sub.2O (3.times.15 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (1.times.10 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with hexane/EtOAc (4:1) to afford 0.57 g (86% yield) of a solid. The purified tosylamine was taken on directly to the next step.

[1338] Step B

[1339] To a solution of tosylamine (0.55 g, 1.75 mmol) in NH.sub.3 (20 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added sodium (0.40 g, 17.4 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 2 h whereupon the mixture was treated with solid NH.sub.4Cl and allowed to warm to rt. Once the NH.sub.3 had boiled off, the mixture was partitioned between water (10 mL) and CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.10 mL). The organic layers were combined,), dried (NaSO.sub.4), and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of .about.20 mL. 4N HCl in dioxane (5 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resultant crude residue was recrystallized from EtOH/Et.sub.2O to afford 0.30 g (87% yield) of a solid.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 147-156.10

[1340] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 146 but using the requisite tosylaziridines and Grignard reagents listed in the Table below, the following racemic amine hydrochloride products were obtained.

29 Prep Grignard Amine Ex. Tosyl aziridine Reagent hydrochloride Yield (%) 147 1363 MeMgBr 1364 19 148 1365 EtMgBr 1366 56 149 1367 n-PrMgBr 1368 70 150 1369 i-PrMgCl 1370 41 151 1371 BnMgCl 1372 61 152 1373 MeMgBr 1374 61 153 1375 EtMgBr 1376 66 154 1377 n-PrMgBr 1378 80 155 1379 i-PrMgBr 1380 27 156 1381 BnMgCl 1382 79 156.1 1383 1384 1385 52 156.2 1386 1387 1388 49 156.3 1389 1390 1391 61 156.4 1392 1393 1394 57 156.5 1395 1396 1397 64 156.6 1398 1399 1400 64 156.7 1401 1402 1403 45 156.8 1404 1405 1406 23 156.9 1407 1408 1409 40 156.10 1410 1411 1412 15

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.11

[1341] 1413

[1342] Step A

[1343] To a solution of the amine (118 mg) from Preparative Example 148 in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 ml) was added triethylamine (120 ul), R-Mandelic Acid (164 mg), DCC (213 mg) and DMAP (8.8 mg)and let stir for 40 hr. The mixture was diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 and washed with saturated ammonium chloride, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by preparative plate chromatography (Hex/EtOAc 4:1) to afford both isomers (A, 86 mg, 45%) (B, 90 mg, 48%).

[1344] Step B

[1345] To isomer B (90 mg) from above in dioxane (5 ml) was added 6M H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (5 ml). The reaction was heated to 80.degree. C. over the weekend. 2M NaOH added to basify the reaction and extracted with ether. Ether layer washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was stirred in 4N HCl in dioxane for 30 min, concentrated in vacuo and recrystallized in EtOH/ether to afford 55 mg of product (98%).

[1346] Step C

[1347] Isomer A (86 mg) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Step B above to give the amine salt.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.12

[1348] 1414

[1349] The above nitro compound was reduced following the Preparative Example 2, Step B.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.13

[1350] 1415

[1351] To a solution of 1,2-phenylenediame (1.5 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added TEA (2.91 ml), followed by dropwise addition of MeSO.sub.2Cl (1.07 ml). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir overnight. 1M HCl added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH=11 with solid NaOH, extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The basified aqueous layer was then neutralized using 3N HCl and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.8 g of product (71%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.14

[1352] 1416

[1353] The above compound was prepared using the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 156.13, but using PhSO.sub.2Cl.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.15

[1354] 1417

[1355] The nitro compound was reduced following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 2, Step B.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.16

[1356] 1418

[1357] Step A

[1358] The known acid (410 mg) above (J.Med.Chem. 1996, 34,4654, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto.) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step A to yield 380 mg of an oil (80%).

[1359] Step B

[1360] The amide (200 mg) from above was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step B to yield 170 mg of an oil (100%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.17

[1361] 1419

[1362] Step A

[1363] To a solution of ketone (500 mg) in EtOH/water (3:1, 4 ml) at room temperature was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (214 mg) followed by NaOH to afford a heterogenous mixture. The reaction was not complete so another equivalent of hydroxylamine hydrochloride was added and refluxed overnight. The reaction was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with 3N HCl and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 500 mg of product (92%).

[1364] Step B

[1365] To a solution of oxime (300 mg) in THF (5 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added LiAlH.sub.4 (266 mg) portionwise. The heterogenous solution was stirred at room temperature for 14 hr and then refluxed for 8 hr. The solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and water, 2M NaOH, water and ether were added to the reaction. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was treated with 3N HCl. The aqueous layer was cooled to 0.degree. C., basified with NaOH pellets and extracted with ether. The ether layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (143 mg, 69%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.18

[1366] 1420

[1367] Step A

[1368] Methoxyacetic acid (14 mL) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (120 mL) and cooled in an ice-water bath was treated with DMF (0.9 mL) and oxalyl chloride (21 mL). After stirring at RT overnight, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and redissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (120 mL). N-methyl-N-methoxylamine (20 g) was added and the mixture stirred at RT overnight. Filtration and concentration in vacuo afforded the desired amide (21 g, 89%).

[1369] Step B

[1370] To a solution of the above amide (260 mg) in THF (5 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added a solution of 2-thienyllithium (1M in THF, 2.15 ml). The solution was stirred for 2 hr at -78.degree. C. and warmed to -20.degree. C. for an additional 2 hr. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 250 mg of product (82%).

[1371] Step C

[1372] The ketone from above (250 mg) was reacted via the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 156.17 Steps A and B to yield 176 mg of the amine (79%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.19

[1373] 1421

[1374] Step A

[1375] To a solution of 3-chlorothiophene (1.16 ml) in ether (20 ml) at -10.degree. C. was added n-BuLi (2.5M in hexane, 5 ml). After solution was stirred at -10.degree. C. for 20 min, propionaldehyde (0.82 ml) in ether (20 ml) was added dropwise and let warm to room temperature slowly. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.37 g of product (62%).

[1376] Step B

[1377] The alcohol from Step A above was reacted via the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 75.75, Steps B and C to give the amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.20

[1378] 1422

[1379] Step A

[1380] To a solution of magnesium metal (360 mg) in THF (15 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added 2-bromothiophene (1.45 ml) in THF (10 ml) dropwise over 20 min. The solution was warmed to room temperature for 3 hr, recooled to 0.degree. C. whereupon a solution of cyclopropylacetonitrile (1 g) in ether (30 ml) was added dropwise via a syringe and let warm to room temperature and stir overnight. 3M HCl was added and washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The aqueous layer was basified with NaOH pellets and extracted with ether, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 625 mg of product (68%).

[1381] Step B

[1382] The ketone was reacted via the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 156.17 Step A to give the oxime.

[1383] Step C

[1384] The oxime from above was reacted via the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 156.17 Step B to give the amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.21

[1385] 1423

[1386] To a solution of CH.sub.3ONHCH.sub.3.HCl (780 mg) and acid chloride (1 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2at 0.degree. C. was added dry pyridine (1.35 ml) to afford a heterogenous mixture The solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. 1M HCl was added to the reaction and the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1 g of product (85%).

[1387] Step B

[1388] To a solution of Etl (614 ul) in ether (5 ml) at -78.degree. C. was added t-BuLi (1.7M in pentane, 9 ml) dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature for 1 hr, cooled to -78.degree. C. where the amide (1 g) from Step A in THF (4 ml) was added and allowed to warm to 0.degree. C. for 2 hr. 1M HCl was added to the reaction and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 500 mg of product (63%).

[1389] Step C

[1390] To a solution of ketone (800 mg) in THF/water (10:1, 20 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added sodium borohydride (363 mg) portionwise. The solution was stirred for 2 hr at 0.degree. C. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with 1N NaOH and brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 560 mg of product (69%).

[1391] Step D

[1392] The alcohol from above was reacted via the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 75.75, Steps B and C. to give the amine (176 mg, 59%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.22

[1393] 1424

[1394] Step A

[1395] Cyclopropylacetonitrile (12 mmol) in Et.sub.2O (50 mL) at 0.degree. C. was treated with PhMgBr (14 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at 0.degree. C., then at RT overnight. Hydrochloric acid (3 M) was added, and after stirring for an additional 12 hrs, the mixture was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired ketone (1.34 g, 70%).

[1396] Step B

[1397] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative Example 156.20 Steps B and C, the amine was prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 156.23

[1398] 1425

[1399] The above amine was prepared using the procedures set forth in WO 98/11064 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by refernce thereto.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 157

[1400] 1426

[1401] Step A

[1402] By taking the known carboxylic acid (J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 4654-4666, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by refernce thereto) and subjecting it to the conditions outlined in Preparative Example 112, the product can be prepared.

[1403] Step B

[1404] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 2, Step A, except using dimethylamine and the compound from Step A above, the product can be prepared.

[1405] Step C

[1406] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 2, Step B, except using the compound from Step B above, the product can be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 158

[1407] 1427

[1408] Following a similar procedure used in Preparative Example 157, Steps A-C, except using trifluoromethylsulfonylchloride in Step A above, the product can be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.1

[1409] 1428

[1410] Step A

[1411] By using the nitro-amide from Preparative Example 13.3, Step A, the amidine structure can be prepared following a similar procedure to that in Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41 (11), 1677-1680 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by refernce thereto).

[1412] Step B

[1413] By using the product from Step A and the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step B, one could obtain the desired amine-amidine.

ALTERNATE PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.2

[1414] 1429

[1415] Step A

[1416] By treating the nitro-amide from Preparative Example 13.3, Step B with POCl.sub.3 and subsequently MeNH.sub.2, according to procedures known in the art, one would obtain the desired compound.

[1417] Step B

[1418] By treating the product from Step A according to the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.3, Step E, one could obtain the desired compound.

[1419] Step C

[1420] By using the product from Step B and the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2 Step B, one would obtain the desired compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.3

[1421] 1430

[1422] Step A

[1423] By following a similar procedure as that described in Zh. Obshch. Khim., 27, 1957, 754, 757 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), but instead using 2,4-dichlorophenol and dimethylphosphinic chloride, one would obtain the desired compound.

[1424] Step B

[1425] By following a similar procedure as that described in J. Organomet. Chem.; 317, 1986,11-22 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired compound.

[1426] Step C

[1427] By following a similar procedure as that described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 77, 1955, 6221 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired compound.

[1428] Step D

[1429] By following a similar procedure as that described in J. Med. Chem., 27, 1984, 654-659 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired compound.

ALTERNATE PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.4

[1430] 1431

[1431] Step A

[1432] By following a similar procedure as that described in Phosphorous, Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem.; EN; 61, 12, 1991, 119-129 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), but instead using 4-chlorophenol, one would obtain the desired compound.

[1433] Step B

[1434] By using a similar procedure as that in Phosphorous, Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem.; EN; 61,12, 1991, 119-129 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), but instead using MeMgBr, the desired compound could be prepared.

[1435] Step C

[1436] By following a similar procedure as that described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 77, 1955, 6221 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired compound.

[1437] Step D

[1438] By following a similar procedure as that described in J.Med. Chem., 27, 1984, 654-659 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.5

[1439] 1432

[1440] By following a similar procedure as that set forth in J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 2824-2828 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), but using CH.sub.3CCMgBr, one could obtain the desired compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.6

[1441] 1433

[1442] Step A

[1443] By following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.1, Step B using 3-methoxythiophene, one could obtain the desired product.

[1444] Step B

[1445] By using the product from step A and following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step E, the desired compound could be obtained.

[1446] Step C

[1447] By using the product from Step B and following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29, Step D, one could obtain the desired compound.

[1448] Step D

[1449] By using the product from Step C and following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.3, Step B, the desired compound could be obtained.

[1450] Step E

[1451] By treating the product from Step D with n-BuLi at -78.degree. C. in THF and quenching the resulting anion with CO.sub.2 according to standard literature procedure, one could obtain the desired compound following aqueous acid work up.

[1452] Step F

[1453] By using the product from Step E and the procedure set forth in Prepartive Example 13.19, Step C, one could obtain the desired compound.

[1454] Step G

[1455] By using the product from step F and following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19, Step E, the desired compound could be obtained.

[1456] Step H

[1457] By using the product from Step G and following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 2, Step B, the desired compound could be obtained.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.7

[1458] 1434

[1459] Step A

[1460] If one were to use a similar procedure to that used in Preparative Example 13.3 Step B, except using the hydroxy acid from Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6(9), 1996, 1043 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), one would obtain the desired methoxy compound.

[1461] Step B

[1462] If one were to use a similar procedure to that used in Preparative Example 13.19 Step B, except using the product from Step A above, one would obtain the desired compound.

[1463] Step C

[1464] If one were to use a similar procedure to that used in Synth. Commun. 1980, 10, p. 107 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), except using the product from Step B above and t-butanol, one would obtain the desired compound.

[1465] Step D

[1466] If one were to use a similar procedure to that used in Synthesis, 1986, 1031 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto), except using the product from Step C above, one would obtain the desired sulfonamide compound.

[1467] Step E

[1468] If one were to use a similar procedure to that used in Preparative Example 13.19 Step E, except using the product from Step D above, one would obtain the desired compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.8

[1469] 1435

[1470] Step A

[1471] If one were to treat the product from Step C of Example 1125 with BuLi (2.2 eq.) in THF followed by quenching of the reaction mixture with N,N,-dimethylsulfamoyl chloride (1.1 eq.) then one would obtain

[1472] Step B

[1473] If one were to use the product of Step A above and follow Step E of Preparative Example 500.7, then one would obtain the title compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 500.9

[1474] 1436

[1475] Step A

[1476] To a solution of 3-methoxythiophene (3 g) in dichloromethane (175 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added chlorosulfonic acid (8.5 mL) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 15 min at -78.degree. C. and 1.5 h at room temp. Afterwards, the mixture was poured carefully into crushed ice, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound (4.2 g).

[1477] Step B

[1478] The product from Step A above (4.5 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (140 mL) and added with triethylamine (8.8 mL) followed by diethyl amine in THF (2M, 21 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture 15 was washed with brine and saturated bicarbonate (aq) and brine again, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the desired compound (4.4 g).

[1479] Step C

[1480] The product from Step B above (4.3 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (125 mL) and cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath. A solution of boron tribromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 24.3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 h while the temperature was increased slowly from -78.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. H.sub.2O was added, the two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloro-methane. The combined organic layer and extracts were wahed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.96 g of the desired hydroxy-compound.

[1481] Step D

[1482] The product from step C. above (3.96 g) was dissolved in 125 mL of dichloromethane, and added with potassium carbonate (6.6 g) followed by bromine (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature, quenched with 100 mL of H.sub.2O. The aqueous mixture was addjusted to pH.about.5 using a 0.5N hydrogen chloride aqueous solution, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 4.2 g of the desired bromo-compound.

[1483] Step E

[1484] The product from Step D (4.2 g) was dissolved in 100 mL of acetone and added with potassium carbonate (10 g) followed by iodomethane (9 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux and continued for 3.5 h. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a dark brown residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane-hexanes (1:1, v/v) to give 2.7 g of the desired product.

[1485] Step F

[1486] The product from step E (2.7 g) was converted to the desired imine compound (3 g), following the similar procedure to that of Preparative Example 13.19 step D.

[1487] Step G

[1488] The imine product from step F (3 g) was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane and cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath. A solution of boron tribromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 9.2 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 4.25 h from -78.degree. C. to 5.degree. C. H.sub.2O (50 mL) was added, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer and extracts were combined, washed with brine, and concentrated to an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 80 mL of methanol, stirred with sodium acetate (1.5 g) and hydroxyamine hydrochloride (0.95 g) at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was poured into an aqueous mixture of sodium hydroxide (1.0 M aq, 50 mL) and ether (100 mL). The two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with ether three times. The combined ether washings were re-extracted with H.sub.2O once. The aqueous layers were combined, washed once with dichloromethane, adjusted to pH.about.6 using

[1489] 3.0 M and 0.5 M hydrogen chloride aqueous solutions, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.2 g of desired amine compound.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 600

[1490] 1437

[1491] Step A

[1492] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19 Step D, the imine was prepared from the known bromoester (1.0 g) to yield 1.1 g (79%) as a yellow solid.

[1493] Step B

[1494] The product of Step A (0.6 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19 Step E to give the amine product 0.19 g (64%).

[1495] Step C

[1496] The product of Step B (1.0 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19 Step B to give the acid as yellow solid 0.9 g (94%).

[1497] Step D

[1498] The product of Step C (0.35 g) was reacted following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.19 Step E to give the amino acid as yellow solid 0.167 g (93%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 601

[1499] 1438

[1500] Step A

[1501] To a solution of 2-methyl furan (1.72 g) in ether was added BuLi (8.38 mL) at -78.degree. C. and stirred at room temperature for half an hour. The reaction mixture again cooled to -78.degree. C. and quenched with cyclopropyl amide 1 and stirred for two hours at -78.degree. C. and slowly warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture stirred for three hours at room temperature and quenched with the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was taken to a separatory funnel, washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvent afforded the crude ketone, which was purified by using column chromatography to afford the ketone 3.0 g (87%) as a pale yellow oil.

[1502] Step B

[1503] To a solution of ketone (1.0 g) from Step A above in THF (5.0 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added R-methyl oxazoborolidine (1.2Ml, 1M in toluene) dropwise followed by addition of a solution of borane complexed with dimethyl sulfide (1.85 mL, 2M in THF). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0.degree. C. and than at room temperature for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and MeOH was added carefully. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with ether, washed with water, 1M HCl (10 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate (10.0 mL) water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and removal of solvent afforded the crude alcohol which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the pure alcohol 0.91 g (91%) as yellow oil.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 601.A

[1504] 1439

[1505] Step A

[1506] If one were to follow the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 601, but using the cyclopentylamide instead of the cyclopropylamide (prepared according to standard procedures), then one would obtain the desired alcohol.

[1507] Step B

[1508] If one were to follow the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.25, but instead using the alcohol from Step A above, then one would obtain the title amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 601.B

[1509] 1440

[1510] Step A

[1511] If one were to follow the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 601.A, but using 4-isopropylfuran instead of 5-methylfuran, then one would obtain the desired alcohol.

[1512] Step B If one were to follow the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.25, but instead using the alcohol from Step A above, then one would obtain the title amine.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 602

[1513] 1441

[1514] Step A

[1515] An equimolar mixture of 2-methylfuran (1.0 g) and anhydride (2.6 g) was mixed with SnCl.sub.4 (0.05 mL) and heated at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture, water (10 mL) was added, followed by saturated sodium carbonate solution until it becomes alkaline. The reaction mixture was extracted with ether several times and the combined ether layer was washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and removal of solvent afforded the crude ketone, which was purified by using silica gel chromatography to afford the ketone 0.9 g (43%) as a yellow oil.

[1516] Step B

[1517] The title alcohol was obtained following a similar procedure set forth in the Preparative Example 601.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 603

[1518] 1442

[1519] To a solution of 5-methyl furan-2-aldehyde (1.0 g) and 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene (2.24 g) in DMF (30 mL) was added indium powder (1.66 g) and lithium iodide (50.0 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred over night, diluted with water and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, brine and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the pure alcohol 2.8 g (92%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 603A AND 603D

[1520] If one were to follow the procedure of Preparative Example 64, using the aldehydes, amino alcohols and organolithiums in the Table below, then the optically pure amine Products in the Table below would be obtained.

30 Prep. Amino Ex. Aldehyde Alcohol Organolithium Product 603A 1443 1444 iPrLi 1445 603B 1446 1447 tBuLi 1448 603C 1449 1450 tBuLi 1451 603D 1452 1453 tBuLi 1454

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 604-611

[1521] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Examples 13.25 or 601 the following Alcohols were prepared.

31 Prep Ex Furan Electrophile Alcohol Yield 604 1455 1456 1457 86% 605 1458 1459 1460 69% 606 1461 1462 1463 84% 607 1464 1465 1466 82% 608 1467 1468 1469 60% 609 1470 1471 1472 65% 610 1473 1474 1475 82% 611 1476 1477 1478 89%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 620-631

[1522] Following a similar procedure to that set forth in Preparative Example 13.25 the following Amines were prepared from the corresponding Alcohols.

32 Prep Ex ALCOHOL AMINE % YIELD 620 1479 1480 28 621 1481 1482 58 622 1483 1484 69 623 1485 1486 81 624 1487 1488 82 625 1489 1490 45 626 1491 1492 57 627 1493 1494 58 628 1495 1496 54 629 1497 1498 53 630 1499 1500 50 631 1501 1502 82%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1001

[1523] 1503

[1524] Step A

[1525] Oxalyl chloride (3 mL, 34.27 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of 2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (1.5 g, 6.81 mmol) (prepared according to known method, see: EP0897904B1), N,N-dimethylformamide (0.3 mL), and dichloromethane (40 mL) with stirring at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Evaporation of solvent and excess oxalyl chloride and drying under vacuum afforded 2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)be- nzoyl chloride as a solid, which was used without purification.

[1526] Step B

[1527] A solution of 2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (ca. 6.81 mmol) from Step A above in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added dropwise to a mixture of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (42 mg, 0.34 mmol), triethylamine (2.8 mL, 20.09 mmol), and 2 M dimethylamine solution in tetrahydrofuran (7 mL, 14 mmol), and dichloromethane (30 mL) with stirring at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. A mixture of dichloromethane and water was added. The organic phase was separated, washed with 1N HCl solution, water, and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexanes, 3:1 v/v) to give the product as a white solid (1.24 g, 74% over two steps).

[1528] Step C

[1529] A mixture of the amide from Step B above (1.8 g, 7.28 mmol), carbon tetrachloride (25 mL), and iron powder (305 mg, 5.46 mmol) was cooled to 0.degree. C. Bromine (0.94 mL, 18.34 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring. After addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and at 50.degree. C. for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with dichloromethane, and slowly poured to a cold 10% NaHSO.sub.3 solution. After stirring at rt for 0.5 h, the organic layer was separated and concentrated to give the product as a white solid (2.26 g, 95%).

[1530] Step D

[1531] Concentrated sulfuric acid (10 mL) was added dropwise to a flask charged with the bromide from Step C above (600 mg, 1.84 mmol) at 0.degree. C. with stirring. A mixture of nitric acid (0.2 mL, 4.76 mmol) and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.3 mL) was then added dropwise. After addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The mixture was added to ice-water, neutralized with 15% NaOH solution to pH 7, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was concentrated to give the product as a white solid (621 mg, 91%). mp 92.degree. C., m/e 371 (MH.sup.+).

[1532] Step E

[1533] A solution of the compound from Step D above (1.2 g, 3.23 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was cooled to -75 .degree. C. 1 M BBr.sub.3 solution in dichloromethane (7.5 mL, 7.5 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at -75.degree. C. for 2 h. The mixture was added to ice-water. After stirring at rt for 0.5 h, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane-methanol, 9:1 v/v) to give the product as a yellow solid (1.05 g, 91%). m/e 357 (MH.sup.+).

[1534] Step F

[1535] A mixture of the compound from Step E above (1.08 g, 3.02 mmol), methanol (30 mL), and 10% Pd--C (250 mg) was subjected to hydrogenation at 50 psi at rt for 6 h. The mixture was filtered through a layer of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid (930 mg, 96%). mp 132.degree. C., m/e 249.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1002

[1536] 1504

[1537] Step A

[1538] To a cooled (-70.degree. C.) etherial (45 mL dry) solution of 3-bromothiophene (3.8 mL) was added BuLi (30 mL of 1.6M in hexane) dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at -70.degree. C. for 20 min. Acetophenone (4.6 mL) in ether (6 mL) was added dropwise with stirring at -70.degree. C. After 3 hrs, the mixture was warmed to RT and sat. NH.sub.4Cl (aq) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. The organic phase was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound which was used in Step B without further purification.

[1539] Step B

[1540] The crude product from Step A above was stirred with oxalic acid (0.375 g) at 70.degree. C. under reduced pressure for 3 hr, then cooled to RT and extracted with ether. The organic phase was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a pale yellow liquid (5.7 g, 78% for Steps A-B).

[1541] Step C

[1542] To the product from Step B above (4.2 g) diluted with dichloromethane (30 mL) and containing triethylsilane (6 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) in dichloromethane (7.5 mL). After stirring at RT for 10 min, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a colorless liquid (4.61 g, 80%).

[1543] Step D

[1544] To an etherial (3.5 mL dry) solution of the thiophene product (1.5 g) from Step C above was added BuLi (3.2 mL of 2.5M), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 15 min, cooled to RT, and DMF (0.8 mL) in ether (3.5 mL) was added dropwise. After stirring for 30 min, sat. NH.sub.4Cl (aq) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. The organic phase was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (1.71 g, 98%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1003

[1545] 1505

[1546] Step A

[1547] The aldehyde (0.50 g) was combined with ethylene glycol (1 mL), benzene (40 mL) and pTSA monohydrate (30 mg) and stirred at reflux for 20 hr. Cool to room temperature, add EtOAc and sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (aq) solution, separate the organic phase, concentrate in vacuo, and purify by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc-Hex, 1:4) to give a colorless liquid (60 mg)

[1548] Step B

[1549] The product from Step A above (0.607 g) was stirred at 45.degree. C. overnight with 1N NaOH (aq), then cooled to room temperature, acidified with 3N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. Washing with brine and concentration in vacuo gave a solid (5.0 g).

[1550] Step C

[1551] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1, except using the product from Step B above and dimethylamine in THF (2M), the product was obtained (1.21 g crude).

[1552] Step D

[1553] The product from Step C above was dissolved in THF and stirred with 0.3N HCl (aq) and stirred at RT for 4 hr. Concentration in vacuo gave a pale yellow oil (1.1 g, 67%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1004

[1554] 1506

[1555] Step A

[1556] To a cooled (-78.degree. C.) solution of methoxybenzofuran-2-carbox- ylic acid (1 g) was added DIBAL (30 mL, 1M in THF). After stirring for 20 min, the mixture was warmed to RT and stirred for 4 hr, then poured into sat. NH.sub.4Cl (aq) (35 mL). After stirring at RT for 20 min, 6M HCl (aq) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase dried and then concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc-hexane, 3:7) afforded the alcohol as a solid (0.4 g, 97%).

[1557] Step B

[1558] A mixture of the product from Step A above (0.9 g), EtOAc (50 mL) and MnO2 (5.2 g) was stirred at RT for 22 h, then filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The solid was redissolved in EtOAc (50 mL), MnO2 (5.2 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 additional hrs. Filtration, concentration and silica gel purification (EtOAc-Hexane, 1:3) gave the title compound as a solid (0.60 g, 67%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1004A

[1559] 1507

[1560] Step A

[1561] To a stirred solution of potassium t-butoxide (2.5 g) in HMPA (20 ml) was added 2-nitropropane (2 ml) dropwise. After 5 min, a solution of methyl-5-nitro-2-furoate (3.2 g) in HMPA (8 ml) was added to the mixture and stirred for 16 hr. Water was added and the aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was washed with water, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 6:1) to yield 3.6 g of product (90%).

[1562] Step B

[1563] To a solution of product from Step A (3.6 g) in toluene (16 ml) was added tributyltin hydride (5.4 ml) followed by AIBN (555 mg). The mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. for 3.5 hr. After cooling, the mixture was separated by flash column chromatography (Hex/EtOAc, 7:1) to afford 2.06 g of product (73%).

[1564] Step C

[1565] To a solution of product from Step B (2.05 g) in THF (60 ml) at 0.degree. C. was added a solution of LAH (1M in ether, 12.8 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Water and 1M NaOH was added until a precipitate formed, diluted with EtOAc, stirred for 30 min and then filtered through a celite pad. The organic filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 1.56 g of product (93%).

[1566] Step D

[1567] To a solution of product from Step C (2.15 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) was added Dess-Martin oxidant (7.26 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (45 ml) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with ether (200 ml). The organic layer was washed with 1N NaOH, water and brine, dried with MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give oil and solid. The material was extracted with ether and filtered. Some solid crystallized out from the filtrate, filtered again, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 2.19 g of product.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1004B

[1568] 1508

[1569] Step A

[1570] To a suspension of 5-bromo-2-furoic acid (15 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (275 ml) at room temperature was added oxalyl chloride (6.9 ml) followed by a catalytic amount of N,N'-dimethylformamide ((0.3 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hr, whereupon, EtOH (20 ml) and TEA (22 ml) were added and then let stir overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and extracted with hexanes and hexanes/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to give an oil (17.2 g, 93%).

[1571] Step B

[1572] The product from Step A (17.2 g), aluminum trichloride (19.52 g) and carbon disulfide (150 ml) were combined in a flask. A solution of n-octadecyl bromide (24.4 g) in carbondisulfide (50 ml) was added dropwise over 45 min. The reaction was stirred for 2.5 hr, whereupon, 300 ml of crushed ice and water were added. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine. The organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (hexanes/CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 3:1) to yield 7.91 g of product (37%).

[1573] Step C

[1574] To the product from step B (7.9 g) in THF (140 ml) at -10.degree. C. was added a solution of LAH (1M in THF, 28.5 ml). The solution was stirred for 2.5 hrs at 15.degree. C. Water and 1M NaOH were added carefully to the mixture, followed by EtOAc and let stir for 1.5 hr. The reaction was filtered through a silica pad and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield 6.48 g of crude product (100%).

[1575] Step D

[1576] The product from Step C (6.32 g) was dissolved in THF (140 ml) and cooled to -78.degree. C. A solution of t-BuLi (2.5M in hexanes, 22 ml) was added dropwise and let stir for 15 min. An excess of water (70 ml) was then added and let the reaction stir another hour. CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (300 ml) and brine (50 ml) were added and the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.33 g of crude product.

[1577] Step E

[1578] To a solution of the product from Step D (5.33 g) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) was added a solution of Dess-Martin periodinane in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (15 wt %, 12.6 g). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr and then diluted with ether (400 ml) and washed with 1N NaOH, water and brine. The organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and filtered through a magnesium sulfate/silica pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified via flash column chromatography (hex/EtOAc, 50:1, 25:1) to yield 3.06 g of an oil (74%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1005

[1579] 1509

[1580] Following a similar procedure as that described in Preparative Example 1004, except using 5-chlorobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (1.5 g), the title compound was obtained (solid, 0.31 g, 24%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1006

[1581] 1510

[1582] Step A

[1583] The sulfonyl chloride from Preparative Example 13.29 Step A (1.5 g) was stirred with AlCl3 and benzene for 15 min at 20.degree. C. Treatment with NaOH, extraction with Et.sub.2O, concentration in vacuo, and purification by column chromatography (silica, hexane-EtOAc, 5:2) gave the phenylsulfone (1.5 g, 84%, MH.sup.+=255).

[1584] Step B

[1585] Following similar procedures as those used in Preparative Example 13.29 Steps C-G, except using the sulfone from Step A above, the title compound was prepared (0.04 g, 27%, MH.sup.+=256).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1030

[1586] 1511

[1587] Step A

[1588] The product of Preparative Example 34.18 Step B (2 g, 8 mmol) was stirred with morpholine (0.9 mL, 10.29 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (2.2 g, 15.9 mmol) in 50 mL of acetone at RT to obtain the morpholinobutylfuran derivative (1.22 g, 73%).

[1589] Step B

[1590] Following a similar procedure as that in Preparative Example 34.18 Step D, but using the product (1.2 g) from Step A above, the title aldehyde was prepared (0.9 g, 66%, 1:0.7 regioisomeric mixture).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1030-A

[1591] 1512

[1592] Following a similar procedure as that in Preparative Example 1030 Steps A-B, but using N-methylpiperazine instead of morpholine, the title aldehyde could be prepared.

[1593] PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1030-B 1513

[1594] Following a similar procedure as in Preparative Example 1030 Steps A-B, but using N,N-dimethylamine instead of morpholine, the title aldehyde could be prepared.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1031

[1595] 1514

[1596] A solution of 5-bromobenzofuran (950 mg, 4.82 mmol) in anhydrous ether (12 mL) was cooled to -78.degree. C. 1.7 M tert-BuLi solution in pentane (6 ml, 10.2 mmol) was added dropwise under argon. After addition, the mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 20 min, followed by addition of a mixture of DMF (0.8 mL) and ether (1 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 0.5 h. Ethyl acetate was added. The mixture was poured to saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate-hexanes, 1:5 v/v) to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid (490 mg, 70%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1040-1054

[1597] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 64 but using the commercially available (or prepared) aldehyde, aminoalcohols, and organolithium reagents in the Table below, the optically pure amine products in the Table below were obtained.

33 Prep. Amino Organo- 1. Yield (%) Ex. Aldehyde Alcohol lithium Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 1040 1515 1516 EtLi 1517 1. 24% 2. 267 1041 1518 1519 EtLi 1520 1. 94% 2. 176 (m/e) 1042 1521 1522 EtLi 1523 1. 67% 2. 229 (M - 16) 1043 1524 1525 i-PrLi 1526 1. 60% 2. 151 [M - 16] 1044 1527 1528 EtLi 1529 1. 74% 2. 194 (M - 16) 1045 1530 1531 EtLi 1532 1. 33% 2. 165 [M-NH2].sup.+ 1046 1533 1534 EtLi 1535 1. 31 2. 179 [M-NH2].sup.+ 1047 1536 1537 t-BuLi 1538 1. 31% 2. 188 1048 1539 1540 t-BuLi 1541 1. 10% 2. 154 1049 1542 1543 EtLi 1544 1. 73% 2. 137 [M-NH2].sup.30 1051 1545 1546 t-BuLi 1547 1. 17% 1054 1548 1549 t-BuLi 1550 1. 79% 2. 151 (M - 16)

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1100-1126

[1598] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 34 but using the commercially available aldehydes and Grignard/Organolithium reagents listed in the Table below, the amine products were obtained.

34 Organo- Prep. metallic 1 .Yield (%) Ex. Aldehyde Reagent Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 1100 1551 t-BuLi 1552 1. 83% 2. 190 (M - 16) 1101 1553 t-BuLi 1554 1. 46% 2. 204 1102 1555 t-BuLi 1556 1. 48% 2. 194 1103 1557 t-BuLi 1558 1. 51% 2. 194 1104 1559 t-BuLi 1560 1. 12% 2. 238 1105 1561 t-BuLi 1562 1. 39% 2. 234 1106 1563 t-BuLi 1564 1. 44% 2. 194 (m/e) 1107 1565 t-BuLi 1566 1. 57% 2. 150 (M + 16) 1108 1567 t-BuLi 1568 1. 31% 2. 224 1109 1569 t-BuLi 1570 1. 11% 2. 224 1110 1571 t-BuLi 1572 1. 57% 2. 224 1111 1573 t-BuLi 1574 1. 21% 2. 224 1112 1575 c-Pentyl-Li 1576 1. 58% 2. 190 1113 1577 t-BuLi 1578 1. 20% 2. 248 1114 1579 t-BuLi 1580 1. 24% 2. 232 1115 1581 EtLi 1582 1. 32% 2. 177 (M - NH2) 1116 1583 t-BuLi 1584 1. 26% 2. 205 (M - NH2) 1117 1585 t-BuLi 1586 1. 50% 2. 190 (M - NH2) 1118 1587 t-BuLi 1588 1. 29% 2. 200 1119 1589 t-BuLi 1590 1. 28% 2. 232 1120 1591 t-BuLi 1592 1. 76% 2. 224 1121 1593 t-BuLi 1594 1. 40% 2. 206 1122 1595 t-BuLi 1596 1. 38% 2. 236 1123 1597 t-BuLi 1598 1. 70% 2. 192 1124 1599 t-BuLi 1600 1. 81% 2. 204 1125 1601 t-BuLi 1602 33% 1126 1603 t-BuLi 1604 50%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1200A-1203A

[1599] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 13.29 but using the commercially available amines, the hydroxyaminothiophene products listed in the Table below were obtained.

35 Prep. 1. Yield (%) Ex. Amine Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 1200A 1605 1606 1. 3% 2. 342 1201A 1607 1608 1. 41% 2. 265 1202A 1609 1610 1. 17% 2. 237 1203A 1611 1612 1. 1%

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1300

[1600] 1613

[1601] The title compound from Preparative Example 13.32 (0.35 g) was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (3 mL) for 6 hrs, then poured on ice, and the pH adjusted to 4 with NaOH. Extraction with EtOAc, and drying of the organic phase over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 gave the title compound (159 mg, 64%, MH.sup.+=223).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1301

[1602] 1614

[1603] Step A

[1604] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 605 but using the commercially available fluoroisopropylester, the alcohol product was obtained (1.2 g, 84%, M-OH=155).

[1605] Step B

[1606] Following the procedure set forth in Preparative Example 625 but using the alcohol from Step A above, the amine product was obtained (350 mg, 35%, M-NH2=155).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1302

[1607] 1615

[1608] Step A

[1609] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step B, except using the commercially available arylsulfonylchloride (0.15 g) and diethylamine (2.2 eq), the dimethylsulfonamide was obtained (0.12 g, 71%, MH.sup.+=323).

[1610] Step B

[1611] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step C, except using the product from Step A above (0.12 g), the phenol was obtained (0.112 g, 98%).

[1612] Step C

[1613] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step B above (0.112 g), the title compound was obtained (0.1 g, 99%, MH.sup.+=245).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1303

[1614] 1616

[1615] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1302 Steps A-C, except using piperidine in Step A (0.078 g) instead of diethylamine, the title compound was obtained (0.070 g, 35%, MH.sup.+=257).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1304

[1616] 1617

[1617] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1302 Steps A-C, except using dimethylamine (2M in THF) in Step A instead of diethylamine, the title compound was obtained (1.92 g, 72%, MH.sup.+=217).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1305

[1618] 1618

[1619] Step A

[1620] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1302 Step A, except using the phenethylamine indicated (4.99 g), the product was obtained (5.96 g, 86%, MH.sup.+=210).

[1621] Step B

[1622] The compound from Step A above (5.0 g) was added to 30 g of PPA at 150.degree. C. and the resulting mixture stirred for 20 min, before being poured on ice and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc:MeOH, 95:5) to give the product (0.5 g, 9%).

[1623] Step C

[1624] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.3 Step D, except using the compound from Step B above (0.14 g), the product was obtained (0.18 g, 87%, MH.sup.+=256).

[1625] Step D

[1626] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 11 Step B, except using the compound from Step C above (0.18 g), the product was obtained (0.17 g).

[1627] Step E

[1628] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.3 Step B, except using the compound from Step D above (0.17 g), the product was obtained (0.17 g, 95%, MH.sup.+=315).

[1629] Step F

[1630] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step C, except using the product from Step E above (0.17 g), the nitrophenol was obtained (0.165 g, 99%, MH.sup.+=303).

[1631] Step G

[1632] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step F above (0.165 g), the title compound was obtained (0.128 g, 86%, MH.sup.+=193).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1306

[1633] 1619

[1634] Step A

[1635] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 11 Step B, except using the lactam (0.179 g), the title compound was obtained (0.25 g, 25%).

[1636] Step B

[1637] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step C, except using the product from Step A above (0.055 g), the phenol was obtained (0.045 g, 99%).

[1638] Step C

[1639] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step B above (0.045 g), the title compound was obtained (0.022 g, 57%, MH.sup.+=179).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1307

[1640] 1620

[1641] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 2, except using 3(R)-hydroxypyrrolidine HCl (1.36 g), the title compound was obtained (2.25 g, 89%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1308

[1642] 1621

[1643] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 2, except using morpholine, the title compound was obtained (3.79 g).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1309

[1644] 1622

[1645] Step A

[1646] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step B, except using the commercially available nitrophenylsulfonylchloride and diethylamine (2.2 eq), the dimethylsulfonamide was obtained (90%, MH.sup.+=231).

[1647] Step B

[1648] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step B above, the title compound was obtained (45%, MH.sup.+=201).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1310

[1649] 1623

[1650] Step A

[1651] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Step B, except using the commercially available nitrobenzoylchloride and the commercially available amine indicated, the benzamide was obtained (13%, MH.sup.+=253).

[1652] Step B

[1653] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (94%, MH.sup.+=223).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1311

[1654] 1624

[1655] Step A

[1656] To a benzene (20 mL) solution of methoxythiophenesulfonylchloride (1.5 g) was added AlCl.sub.3 (2.0 g) at RT. After 15 min, the mixture was added to 0.1N HCl (aq) with stirring, then extracted with Et.sub.2O. Washing the organic phase with bring, drying over MgSO.sub.4, concentration in vacuo and purification by silica gel chromatography (Hexane:EtOAc, 5:2) gave the title compound (1.5 g, 84%).

[1657] Step B

[1658] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 13.29 Steps C-G, except using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (3%, MH.sup.+=380).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1312

[1659] 1625

[1660] Step A

[1661] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1311 Step A, except using the commercially available sulfonylchloride, the diphenylsulfone was obtained (880 mg, 80%).

[1662] Step B

[1663] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 11 Step B, except using the product from Step A above, the title compound was obtained (0.90 g, 97%).

[1664] Step C

[1665] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step B above (0.16 g), the title compound was obtained (0.106 g, 95%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1313

[1666] 1626

[1667] Step A

[1668] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 1311 Step A, except using the commercially available phenol (2 g), the nitroacid was obtained (.about.13 mmol).

[1669] Step B

[1670] Oxallyl chloride (3.5 mL) and two drops of DMF was added to the product from Step A above (.about.13 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). After stirring at RT overnight, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL), cooled to 0.degree. C. Dimethylamine in THF (20 mL of 2N) and TEA (8 mL) were added. After 3 hr of stirring, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, aq NaOH (1M) was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The pH of the aq layer was adjusted to pH=2 using 6N HCl (aq), and extracted with dichloromethane. The combiuned organic extracts were washed with brine, dried, concentrated in vacuo, and the product purified by silica gel chromatography (700 mL dichloromethane/20 mL MeOH/1 mL AcOH) to give the title compound (800 mg, 27% for two steps).

[1671] Step C

[1672] Following a similar procedure as that used in Preparative Example 10.55 Step C, except using the product from Step B above (780 mg), the title compound was obtained (0.46 g, 68%).

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1314

[1673] 1627

[1674] Step A

[1675] Methyl-4-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-thiophenecarboxylate (20 g, 84.36 mmol) was dissolved in 400 mL of acetone. Potassium carbonate (58 g, 420.3 mmol) was added followed by iodomethane (45 mL, 424 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 4.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a thin Celite pad, rinsing with methylene chloride. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 22.5 g of methyl-4-bromo-3-methoxy-2-thiophenecarboxylate (crude, 100%, MH.sup.+=251.0) as a dark green solid.

[1676] Step B

[1677] The product from Step A above (22.5 g, 84.36 mmol) was dissolved in 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran and added with 125 mL of a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 d, then washed with ether (60 mL.times.2), acidified to pH.about.2 using a 1.0 M HCl aqueous solution. Solids were precipitated out after acidification, and collected by filtration. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride-ethyl acetate (.about.4:1, v/v). The organic solution was washed with H.sub.2O and brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to a light yellow solid, further dried on hight vacuum, yielding 17.95 g of 4-bromo-3-methoxy-2-thiophene carboxylic acid (90%, MH.sup.+=237.0).

[1678] Step C

[1679] The carboxylic acid (3.26 g, 13.75 mmol) available from Step B above was treated with 30 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture was sealed in a one-neck round bottom flask, and heated at 65.degree. C. for 4.5 h. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into 200 mL of crushed ice, and extracted with methylene chloride (100 mL.times.3). The organic extracts were combined, washed successively with H.sub.2O (50 mL.times.2), sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (50 mL.times.3), and brine (50 mL). The organic solution was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to a dark brown oil, which was purified by flash column chromatography (biotage, SiO.sub.2 column) using hexanes-methylene chloride (3:1, v/v) as eluents. Removal of solvents afforded 1.83 g of 3-bromo4-methoxy thiophene (69%) as a light yellow oil.

[1680] Step D

[1681] To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-4-methoxythiophene (550 mg, 2.85 mmol), prepared in Step C above, in 30 mL of methylene chloride at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise along the inside wall of the flask chlorosulfonic acid (0.48 mL, 7.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 10 min, continued at room temperature for 1 h, and filtered through a 1-in silica gel pad, rinsing with methylene chloride. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuuo to give 270 mg of 4-bromo-3-methoxy-2-thiophene sulfonylchloride (33%) as a light yellow oil.

[1682] Step E

[1683] To a stirred solution of thiophene sulfonylchloride (270 mg, 0.926 mmol) prepared in Step D above in 15 mL of methylene chloride at room temperature was added triethylamine followed by N-methyl-tertbutylamine (0.25 mL, 2.094 mmol). After 20 h, the mixture was diluted with 50 mL of methylene chloride, and washed with H.sub.2O and brine. The organic solution was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated to an oily residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (methylene chloride as eluent) to afford 73 mg of the titled bromo-sulfonamide (23%) as a near colorless oil.

[1684] Step F

[1685] A one-neck round bottom flask was charged with bromo-sulfonamide (73 mg, 0.2133 mmol, from Step E above), palladium acetate (5 mg, 0.0223 mmol), binap (0.03212 mmol), cesium carbonate (139 mg, 0.4266 mmol), and benzophenonimine (0.06 mL, 0.358 mmol). The mixture was evacuated via house vacuum, and refilled with nitrogen. A 3 mL of anhydrous toluene was added. The mixture was evacuated again, refilled with nitrogen, and heated at reflux for 2.5 d. After cooled to room temperature, methylene chloride (50 mL) was added, the mixture was filtered through a Celite pad, rinsing with methylene chloride. The filtrated was concentrated in vacuo to give 205 mg (crude, MH.sup.+=443.1) of the desired imine product as a dark brown oil, used in next step without purification.

[1686] Step G

[1687] The imine from Step F above (205 mg, crude, 0.2133 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, and added with sodium acetate (81 mg, 0.9873 mmol) followed by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (68 mg, 0.98 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6.5 h, quenched with the addition of 10 mL of a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution. The aqueous mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (30 mL.times.3). The extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried by Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to a dark yellow oil, which was purified by preparative TLC (methylene chloride-methanol=100:1, v/v) to give 34 mg (57% over two steps, MH.sup.+=279.0) of methoxy-thiophenesulfonamide amine as a light yellow oil, solidified on standing.

[1688] Step H

[1689] To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60%, 45 mg, 1.13 mmol) in 3 mL of anhydrous N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) was added dropwise ethanethiol (0.1 mL, 1.34 mmol). After 10 min, the mixture tured into a clear solution, and 1 mL of this solution was taken up in a syringe and added dropwise to a stirred solution of methoxy-thiophenesulfonamide amine in 1 mL of DMF. The mixture was heated up to 95.degree. C., and continued for 3.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into 20 mL of a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution. The aqueous mixture was washed with methylene chloride (30 mL.times.3). The organic washings were combined, re-extracted with a 1.0 M NaOH aqueous solution (15 mL) and H.sub.2O (15 mL). The aqueous layer and aqueous extracts were combined, adjusted to pH.about.6 using a 1.0 M HCl aqueous solution, and extracted with methylene chloride (75 mL.times.3). The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated in vacuo to a dark yellow oil. This oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with H.sub.2O (10 mL.times.2) and brine (10 mL). The organic solution was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated in vacuo to afford 36 mg (100%, MH.sup.+=265.0) of hydroxyl-thiophene sulfonamide amine as a yellow oil.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1315

[1690] 1628

[1691] Step A

[1692] Following the procedures described in Preparative Example 1314 Step E, 4-bromo-3-methoxy-2-thiophene-sulfonyl chloride (190 mg, 0.65 mmol, available from Step D, Preparative Example 1314) was converted to the titled tert-butyl sulfonamide (56 mg, 26%, MH.sup.+=328.1) upon treatment of triethylamine (0.28 mL, 2.0 mmol) and tert-butylamine (0.15 mL, 1.43 mmol) in 10 mL of methylene chloride.

[1693] Step B

[1694] tert-Butyl sulfonamide (98 mg, 0.3 mmol) available from Step A above was converted to the imine product (296 mg, crude, MH.sup.+=429.1) by using the procedure described in Step F of Preparative Example 1314.

[1695] Step C

[1696] The imine product (296 mg, crude, .about.0.3 mmol) was transformed to the desired thiophene-amine (23 mg, 30% over two steps, MH.sup.+=265.0) by using the procedure described in Step G of Preparative Example 1314.

[1697] Step D

[1698] If one were to apply the procedure set forth in Step H of Preparative Example 1314, but using the thiophene amine available from Step C above, one would obtain the titled hydroxyl thiophene sulfonamide amine.

PREPARATIVE EXPAMPLE 1316

[1699] 1629

[1700] Step A

[1701] Following the procedures set forth in Preparative example 13.29 Step B through F, but using diethylamine, 3-methoxy-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (available from Step A, Preparative example 13.29) was converted to titled diethylsulfonamido thiophene imine (MH.sup.+=429.1)

[1702] Step B

[1703] Thiophene-imine (1.5 g, 3.5 mmol), available from Step A above, was dissolved in 30 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and added with potassium carbonate (1.2 g, 8.70 mmol) followed by drop wise addition of bromine (0.32 mL, 6.25 mmol). After stirred for 2 d, H.sub.2O was added. The two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL.times.2). The organic layers were combined, washed with a 10% Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3 aqueous solution (40 mL.times.2) and brine (40 mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to a dark brown oil. This oil was separated by preparative TLC (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 as eluent), to give 0.96 g (54%) of the desired bromo-imine as a bright yellow oil (M.sup.+=507, M+2=509)

[1704] Step C

[1705] Bromo-imine (0.95 g, 1.87 mmol), available from Step B above, was dissolved in 15 mL of anhydrous THF, cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath, and treated with a 2.5 M solution of n-butyl lithium in hexanes (1.2 mL, 3.0 mmol) drop wise along the side wall of the flask. After 30 min, lodomethane (0.35 mL, 5.62 mmol) was added drop wise. Reaction was continued for 5 h, during which time the cooling bath was allowed to warm slowly to 0.degree. C. The mixture was quenched by H.sub.2O (25 mL), and extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL.times.2). The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to give 0.93 g (crude, >100%) of the desired methylated imine as a dark yellow oil (MH.sup.+=443.1)

[1706] Step D

[1707] The crude methyl-imine (0.93 g), prepared in step C above, was converted to the methyl-hydroxyl-amine (0.21 g, 41%, MH.sup.+=265.0) by using the procedures described in Step G of Preparative Example 13.29.

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1203-1234

[1708] Following a similar procedure set forth in Preparative Example 22 but using the commercially available or prepared amine from the Preparative Example indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoledioxide intermediates were obtained.

36 Prep 1. Yield (%) Ex Amine/Aniline Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 1203 1630 1631 1. 99% 2. 395.0 1205 1632 1633 1. 33% 2. 382.1 1206 1634 1635 1. 71% 2. 445.1 1207 1636 1637 1. 85% 2. 369.1 1209 1638 1639 1. 69% 2. 363.0 1210 1640 1641 1. 92% 2. 405.0 (M + Na) 1211 1642 1643 1. 45% 2. 403.0 1212 1644 1645 1. 85% 2. 442.8 1216 1646 1647 1. 50% 2. 389.0 1217 1648 1649 1. 67% 2. 339.0 1218 1650 1651 1. 87% 2. 370.9 1219 1652 1653 1. 70% 2. 404.0 1220 1654 1655 1. 83% 2. 419.0 1221 1656 1657 1. 99% 2. 383.1 1222 1658 1659 1. 99% 2. 405.0 1223 1660 1661 1. 69% 2. 473.0 1224 1662 1663 1. 99% 2. 461.0 1225 1664 1665 1. 99% 2. 314 1226 1666 1667 1. 99% 2. 354 1227 1668 1669 1. 92% 2. 300 1228 1670 1671 1. 99% 2. 342 1229 1672 1673 1. 99% 2. 300 1230 1674 1675 1. 99% 2. 286 1231 1676 1677 1. 99% 2. 300 1232 1678 1679 used crude 1233 1680 1681 1. 92% 2. 396 1234 1682 1683 used crude

EXAMPLE 1

[1709] 1684

[1710] The thiadiazole intermediate from Preparative Example 22 (65 mg, 0.2 mmol), isopropylamine (17 ul, 0.2 mmol) and DIEA (100 ul) were combined in MeOH (2 ml) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was purified by liquid chromatography to yield product (22 mg, 31%, MH+=31%).

EXAMPLES 2-71

[1711] Following a similar procedure set forth in Example 1 but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) and the thiadiazoledioxide intermediate from the Preparative Example(s) indicated in the Table below and stirring the reaction mixtures at room temperature up to reflux, the following thiadiazoledioxide products were obtained.

37 Prep Ex of Thiadiazole 1. Yield Ex. Intermediate and Amine Product 2. MH+ 2 1685 1686 1. 43 2. 379.9 3 1687 1688 1. 54 2. 393.9 4 1689 1690 1. 18 2. 387.2 5 1691 1692 1. 55 2. 430 6 1693 1694 1. 58 2. 433.8 7 1695 1696 1. 14 2. 367.9 8 1697 1698 1. 34 2. 381.9 9 1699 1700 1. 43 2. 429.8 10 1701 1702 1. 47 2. 415.8 11 1703 1704 1. 32% 2. 381.9 12 1705 1706 1. 27 2. 514.9 13 1707 1708 1. 24 2. 441.8 14 1709 1710 1. 42 2. 427.9 15 1711 1712 1. 33 2. 461.7 16 1713 1714 1. 12 2. 453.7 17 1715 1716 1. 29 2. 461.4 18 1717 1718 1. 44 2. 495.7 19 1719 1720 1. 40 2. 473.8 20 1721 1722 1. 34 2. 469.9 21 1723 1724 1. 31 2. 513.8 22 1725 1726 1. 30 2. 496.0 (M + Na).sup.+ 23 1727 1728 1. 23 2. 489.9 24 1729 1730 1. 55 2. 473.8 25 1731 1732 1. 4 2. 447.8 26 1733 1734 1. 8 2. 501.8 27 1735 1736 1. 18 2. 482.0 (M + Na).sup.+ 28 1737 1738 1. 42 2. 467.9 (M + Na).sup.+ 29 1739 1740 1. 24% 2. 435.8 30 1741 1742 1. 51 2. 463.8 31 1743 1744 1. 52 2. 475.8 32 1745 1746 1. 32 2. 477.8 33 1747 1748 1. 58 2. 449.7 34 1749 1750 1. 50 2. 483.9 (M + Na).sup.+ 35 1751 1752 1. 33 2. 447.8 36 1753 1754 1. 53 2. 449.8 37 1755 1756 1. 15 2. 459.8 38 1757 1758 1. 34 2. 430.0 39 1759 1760 1. 13 2. 403.8 40 1761 1762 1. 28 2. 383.8 41 1763 1764 1. 42 2. 358.8 42 1765 1766 1. 19 2. 435.8 43 1767 1768 1. 34 2. 402.8 44 1769 1770 1. 23 2. 383.8 45 1771 1772 1. 30 2. 376.8 46 1773 1774 1. 35 2. 415.8 47 1775 1776 1. 25 2. 401.8 48 1777 1778 1. 13 2. 471.7 49 1779 1780 1. 10 2. 373.9 50 1781 1782 1. 15 2. 467.7 51 1783 1784 1. 21 2. 413.8 52 1785 1786 1. 16 2. 336.9 53 1787 1788 1. 29 2. 774.6 (dimer) 54 1789 1790 1. 20 2. 814.4 (dimer) 55 1791 1792 1. 1 2. 539.9 56 1793 1794 1. 9 2. 567.9 57 1795 1796 1. 11 2. 443.9 58 1797 1798 1. 14 2. 509.8 59 1799 1800 1. 15 2. 471.7 60 1801 1802 1. 41 2. 485.0 61 1803 1804 1. 33 2. 471.9 62 1805 1806 1. 21 2. 514.0 63 1807 1808 1. 11 2. 513.9 64 1809 1810 1. 34 2. 415.7 65 23.7 and 13.29 1811 1. 31 2. 503.7 66 1812 1813 1. 22 2. 511.7 67 1814 1815 1. 33 2. 539.8 68 1816 1817 1. 24 2. 469.9 69 1818 1819 1. 12 2. 470.0 70 1820 1821 1. 20 2. 456.0 71 1822 1823 1. 8 2. 361.9 72 22 and 75.60 1824 1. 48 2. 502.1

EXAMPLES 100-188

[1712] If one were to follow a procedure similar to that set forth in Example 2, but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) and the thiadiazoledioxide intermediate from the Preparative Example(s) indicated in the Table below and stirring the reaction mixtures at room temperature up to reflux, the thiadiazoledioxide products in the Table below could be obtained.

38 Prep Ex of Thiadiazole Ex. dioxide Intermediate Amine Product 100 22 1825 1826 101 22 1827 1828 103 22 1829 1830 104 22 1831 1832 105 22 1833 1834 106 22 1835 1836 107 22 1837 1838 108 22 1839 1840 109 22 1841 1842 110 22 1843 1844 111 22 1845 1846 112 22 1847 1848 113 22 1849 1850 114 22 1851 1852 115 22 1853 1854 116 22 1855 1856 117 22 1857 1858 118 22 1859 1860 119 22 1861 1862 120 22 1863 1864 121 22 1865 1866 122 22 1867 1868 123 22 1869 1870 124 22 1871 1872 125 22 1873 1874 126 22 1875 1876 127 22 1877 1878 128 22 1879 1880 129 22 1881 1882 130 22 1883 1884 131 22 1885 1886 132 22 1887 1888 134 23.32 1889 1890 135 23.32 13.19 1891 136 23.6 13.19 1892 137 23.31 13.19 1893 138 23.6 13.29 1894 139 23.39 1895 1896 140 23.39 1897 1898 141 23.39 1899 1900 142 23.39 1901 1902 143 23.39 1903 1904 144 23.39 1905 1906 145 23.39 1907 1908 146 23.39 1909 1910 147 23.39 1911 1912 148 23.6 500.1 or 500.2 1913 149 23.32 500.1 or 500.2 1914 150 23.6 1915 1916 151 23.38 1917 1918 152 23.37 3 1919 153 23.32 13.32-A 1920 154 23.33 13.32-A 1921 155 23.31 13.32-A 1922 156 23.34 13.34-A 1923 157 23.40 1924 1925 158 23.40 1926 1927 159 23.40 1928 1929 160 23.41 1930 1931 161 23.41 1932 1933 162 23.41 1934 1935 163 23.41 1936 1937 164 23.42 1938 1939 165 23.42 1940 1941 166 23.42 1942 1943 167 23.40 1944 1945 168 23.41 1946 1947 169 23.42 1948 1949 170 22 1950 1951 171 23.8 1952 1953 172 23.8 1954 1955 173 23.8 1956 1957 174 23.8 1958 1959 175 23.8 1960 1961 176 23.8 1962 1963 177 23.32 13.32-A 1964 178 23.32 1965 1966 179 23.30 15 1967 180 23.32 15 1968 181 23.33 15 1969 182 23.30 500.3 or 500.4 1970 183 23.32 500.3 or 500.4 1971 184 23.33 500.3 or 500.4 1972 185 23.30 500.1 or 500.2 1973 186 23.32 500.1 or 500.2 1974 187 23.33 500.1 or 500.2 1975 188 23.32 13.71 1976

EXAMPLE 200

[1713] 1977

[1714] The thiadiazoleoxide from Preparative Example 22.1 (55 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added to R-2-phenylpropylamine (0.024 mL, 0.17 mmol) in methanol (2 ml) with diiospropylethylamine (100 .mu.L). The reaction mixture was microwaved at 100 W for 4 hr then purified by preparative HPLC. Concentration of desired fractions gave the pure product (12.4 mg, 18%). MH.sup.+=413.9.

EXAMPLE 201

[1715] 1978

[1716] The thiadiazoleoxide from Preparative Example 22.2 (56 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added to 2-amino-6-cyanophenol (27 mg, 0.2 mmol) in methanol (2 ml) with diiospropylethylamine (100 .mu.L). The reaction mixture was microwaved at 100 W for 24 hr then purified by preparative HPLC. Concentration of desired fractions gave the pure product (11 mg, 15%). MH.sup.+=367.9.

EXAMPLE 201A

[1717] 1979

[1718] To a solution of the Thiadiazole mono-oxide intermediate from Preparative Example 22.1 (100 mg, 0.3086 mmol) and the Furyl amine from Preparative Example 75.1 (43 mg, 0.3086 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added sodium trifluoro acetate (84 mg, 0.6172 mmol), followed by drop wise addition of diisopropylethylamine (80 mg, 0.6172 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred over night at room temperature, solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the product was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography using Dichloromethane-Methanol (20:1) to afford the compound as a white solid. (Yield: 98 mg, 74%, m.p=140.degree. C.)

EXAMPLES 201.1-201.9

[1719] Following a similar procedure to that set forth in Example 201, but using the amine and the thiadiazoleoxide intermediate from the Preparative Example indicated in the Table below, the thiadiazoleoxide products in the Table below were prepared.

39 Prep Ex 1. Yield (Thiadiazole 2. mp oxide Prep Ex (.degree. C.) Ex. Intermediate) (Amine) Product 3. MH.sup.+ 201.1 22.1 75.9 1980 1. 9% 2. 110 3. 446 201.2 22.1 75.49 1981 1. 6% 2. 107 3. 418 201.3 23.9 64.1 1982 1. 32% 2. 156 3. 440 201.4 22.1 64.4 1983 1. 50% 2. 171 3. 380 201.5 22.1 64.3 1984 1. 49% 2. 171 3. 380 201.6 22.1 75.92 1985 1. 25% 2. 102 3. 482 201.7 23.3 75.1 1986 1. 9% 2. 145 3. 460 201.8 22.1 623 1987 1. 31% 2. 60 3. 444 201.9 22.1 75.61 1988 1. 37% 2. 172 3. 446

EXAMPLES 202-245

[1720] If one were to follow a procedure similar to that set forth in Example 201A, but using the commercially available (or prepared amine) and the thiadiazoleoxide intermediate from the Preparative Example(s) indicated in the Table below and stirring the reaction mixtures at room temperature up to reflux, the thiadiazoleoxide products in the Table below could be obtained.

40 Prep Ex of Thiadiazole oxide Ex. Intermediate Amine Product 202 22.1 1989 1990 203 22.1 1991 1992 204 22.1 1993 1994 205 22.1 1995 1996 206 22.1 1997 1998 207 22.1 1999 2000 208 22.3 2001 2002 209 22.3 2003 2004 210 22.3 2005 2006 211 22.3 2007 2008 212 22.3 2009 2010 213 22.3 2011 2012 214 22.4 2013 2014 215 22.4 2015 2016 216 22.4 2017 2018 217 22.4 2019 2020 218 22.4 2021 2022 219 22.4 2023 2024 220 22.5 2025 2026 221 22.5 2027 2028 222 22.5 2029 2030 223 22.5 2031 2032 224 22.5 2033 2034 225 22.5 2035 2036 226 22.6 2037 2038 227 22.6 2039 2040 228 22.6 2041 2042 229 22.6 2043 2044 230 22.6 2045 2046 231 22.6 2047 2048 232 22.7 2049 2050 233 22.7 2051 2052 234 22.7 2053 2054 235 22.7 2055 2056 236 22.7 2057 2058 237 22.7 2059 2060 238 22.1 2061 2062 239 22.1 2063 2064 240 22.3 2065 2066 241 22.3 2067 2068 241.1 22.4 2069 2070 241.2 22.4 2071 2072 241.3 22.5 2073 2074 241.4 22.5 2075 2076 242 22.6 2077 2078 243 22.6 2079 2080 244 22.7 2081 2082 245 22.7 2083 2084

EXAMPLES 246-373

[1721] If one were to follow a procedure similar to that set forth in Example 201A, but using the amines from the Preparative Examples indicated in the Table below (or the commercially available amines indicated in the Table below), and the thiadiazoleoxide intermediates from the Preparative Examples indicated in the Table below and stirring the reaction mixtures at room temperature up to reflux, the thiadiazoleoxide products in the Table below could be obtained.

41 Prep. Ex. (Thiadiazole oxide Prep. Ex. Ex. Intermediate) (Amine) Product 246 22.25 75.44 2085 248 22.23 74 2086 249 22.23 75.44 2087 251 22.24 74 2088 252 22.24 75.44 2089 254 22.26 75.44 2090 255 22.1 2091 2092 256 22.1 2093 2094 257 22.1 75.66 2095 258 22.1 75.30 2096 259 22.1 75.50 2097 260 22.1 603D 2098 262 22.1 75.10 2099 263 22.1 75.10E 2100 264 22.29 75.44 2101 265 22.39 603C 2102 266 22.30 75.44 2103 267 22.6 75.1 2104 268 22.6 75.9 2105 269 22.39 75.44 2106 270 22.6 75.61 2107 271 23.9 75.44 2108 272 22.27 75.44 2109 273 22.28 75.10 2110 274 22.28 75.61 2111 275 22.31 75.44 2112 276 22.32 75.61 2113 277 22.32 75.10 2114 278 22.32 75.44 2115 279 22.32 75.9 2116 280 22.32 75.60 2117 281 22.32 75.30 2118 282 22.32 75.52 2119 283 22.47 75.60 2120 284 22.34 75.52 2121 285 22.48 75.44 2122 286 22.1 75.67 2123 287 22.36 75.44 2124 289 22.41 75.44 2125 291 22.32 75.201 2126 292 22.32 75.200 2127 293 22.47 75.201 2128 294 22.47 75.200 2129 295 22.4 75.201 2130 296 22.4 75.200 2131 297 22.45 75.201 2132 298 22.45 75.200 2133 299 22.46 75.201 2134 300 22.46 75.200 2135 301 22.39 75.201 2136 302 22.39 75.200 2137 303 22.39 601.A 2138 304 22.39 601.B 2139 305 22.1 75.93 2140 306 22.1 64.11 2141 307 22.48 75.1 2142 308 22.37 75.9 2143 309 22.50 51.26 2144 310 22.51 75.9 2145 311 22.16 75.1 2146 312 22.51 51.26 2147 313 22.38 75.1 2148 314 22.7 75.61 2149 315 22.7 75.10 2150 316 22.7 75.10E 2151 317 22.7 603A 2152 318 22.7 603B 2153 319 22.7 603C 2154 320 22.19 75.10 2155 321 22.19 75.10E 2156 322 22.19 603A 2157 323 22.19 603B 2158 324 22.19 603C 2159 325 22.20 75.10 2160 326 22.20 75.10E 2161 327 22.20 603A 2162 328 22.20 603B 2163 329 22.20 603C 2164 330 22.21 75.10 2165 331 22.21 75.10E 2166 332 22.21 75.10E 2167 333 22.21 603A 2168 334 22.21 603B 2169 335 22.21 603C 2170 336 22.19 75.61 2171 337 22.20 75.61 2172 338 22.21 75.61 2173 339 22.22 75.61 2174 340 22.22 75.10 2175 341 22.22 75.10E 2176 342 22.22 603A 2177 343 22.22 603B 2178 344 22.22 603C 2179 345 22.1 74 2180 346 22.1 75.45 2181 347 22.1 75.1 2182 348 22.1 75.44 2183 349 22.39 75.1 2184 350 22.47 64.2 2185 351 22.47 75.1 2186 352 22.1 51.26 2187 353 22.41 2188 2189 354 22.1 13.18 2190 355 22.1 75.60 2191 356 22.1 2192 2193 357 22.1 75.29 2194 358 22.1 72 2195 359 22.1 75.34 2196 360 22.1 75.62 2197 361 22.39 75.61 2198 362 22.39 2199 2200 363 22.42 2201 2202 364 22.43 2203 2204 365 22.1 75.63 2205 366 22.44 2206 2207 367 22.1 2208 2209 368 22.1 75.27 2210 369 22.1 2211 2212 370 22.46 2213 2214 371 22.45 75.1 2215 372 22.47 75.61 2216 373 22.1 75.19 2217 374 22.39 75.19 2218 375 22.46 75.9 2219 376 22.52 75.9 2220 377 22.52 75.44 2221 378 22.46 75.10E 2222 379 22.52 75.10E 2223 380 22.5 75.9 2224 381 22.4 75.9 2225 382 22.39 75.10E 2226 383 22.46 75.61 2227 384 22.52 75.61 2228 385 22.5 75.61 2229 386 22.4 75.61 2230 387 22.7 75.10E 2231 388 22.7 75.9 2232 389 22.22 75.9 2233 390 22.22 75.44 2234 391 22.53 75.9 2235 392 22.53 75.10E 2236 393 22.53 75.44 2237 394 22.53 75.61 2238

EXAMPLES 2001-2113

[1722] Following a similar procedure as that set forth in Example 1 but using the commercially available or prepared amine from the Preparative Example indicated in the Table below, the following thiadiazoledioxide products were obtained.

42 1. Yield Amine & PrepEx of (%) Ex intermediate Product 2. (M + 1).sup.+ 2001 2239 2240 1. 33% 2. 539.8 2002 2241 2242 1. 72% 2. 461.0 2003 2243 2244 1. 45% 2. 497.9 2004 2245 2246 1. 37% 2. 447.9 2005 2247 2248 1. 5% 2. 497.9 2006 2249 2250 1. 59% 2. 529.9 2007 2251 2252 1. 64% 2. 461.7 2008 2253 2254 1. 55% 2. 487.9 2009 2255 2256 1. 14% 2. 488.0 2010 2257 2258 1. 24% 2. 469.9 2011 2259 2260 1. 14% 2. 488.9 2012 2261 2262 1. 10% 2. 527.8 2013 2263 2264 1. 14% 2. 529.8 2014 2265 2266 1. 32% 2. 531.8 2015 2267 2268 1. 6% 2. 498 2016 2269 2270 1. 6% 2. 504.9 2017 2271 2272 1. 8% 2. 458.2 2018 2273 2274 1. 92% 2. 501.0 2019 2275 2276 1. 75% 2. 596.2 2020 2277 2278 1. 33% 2. 517.2 2021 2279 2280 1. 71% 2. 580.2 2022 2281 2282 1. 85% 2. 504.2 2023 2283 2284 1. 92% 2. 518.2 2024 2285 2286 1. 69% 2. 418.1 2025 2287 2288 1. 86% 2. 518.2 2026 2289 2290 1. 75% 2. 552.2 2027 2291 2292 1. 83% 2. 518.2 2028 2293 2294 1. 79% 2. 516.1 2029 2295 2296 1. 75% 2. 568.2 2031 2297 2298 1. 92% 2. 476.1 2032 2299 2300 1. 39% 2. 497.7 2033 2301 2302 1. 46% 2. 509.8 2034 2303 2304 1. 89% 2. 489.9 2035 2305 2306 1. 13% 2. 469.6 2036 2307 2308 1. 36% 2. 509.5 2037 2309 2310 1. 48% 2. 577.7 2038 2311 2312 1. 12% 2. 470.0 2039 2313 2314 1. 1% 2. 539.8 2040 2315 2316 1. 19% 2. 456.0 2041 2317 2318 1. 73% 2. 523.7 2042 2319 2320 1. 23% 2. 442.0 2043 2321 2322 1. 38% 2. 495.6 2044 2323 2324 1. 25% 2. 497.6 2045 2325 2326 1. 4% 2. 466.0 2046 2327 2328 1. 33% 2. 471.9 2047 2329 2330 1. 9% 2. 567.9 2049 2331 2332 1. 28% 2. 526.0 (M + Na) 2050 2333 2334 1. 17% 2. 410.0 2051 2335 2336 1. 43% 2. 505.8 2052 2337 2338 1. 45% 2. 539.0 2053 2339 2340 1. 22% 2. 511.6 2054 2341 2342 1. 55% 2. 531.9 2055 2343 2344 1. 46% 2. 517.9 2056 2345 2346 1. 38% 2. 517.9 2057 2347 2348 1. 1% 2. 539.8 2058 2349 2350 1. 23% 2. 396.0 2059 2351 2352 1. 41% 2. 485.0 2060 2353 2354 1. 55% 2. 608.0 2062 2355 2356 1. 11% 2. 513.9 2063 2357 2358 1. 5% 2. 461.7 2064 2359 2360 1. 21% 2. 514.0 2065 2361 2362 1. 41% 2. 532 2066 2363 2364 1. 48% 2. 546 2067 2365 2366 1. 23% 2. 586 2068 2367 2368 1. 58% 2. 572 2069 2369 2370 1. 43% 2. 518 2070 2371 2372 1. 28% 2. 560 2071 2373 2374 1. 69% 2. 518 2072 2375 2376 1. 27% 2. 532 2073 2377 2378 1. 23% 2. 504 2074 2379 2380 1. 44% 2. 518 2075 2381 2382 1. 48% 2. 546 2076 2383 2384 1. 48% 2. 502 2077 2385 2386 1. 24% 2. 476 2078 2387 2388 1. 22% 2. 448 2079 2389 2390 1. 28% 2. 482 2080 2391 2392 1. 38% 2. 528 2081 2393 2394 1. 27% 2. 488 2082 2395 2396 1. 29% 2. 486 2083 2397 2398 1. 36% 2. 462 2084 2399 2400 1. 40% 2. 498 2085 2401 2402 1. 67% 2. 510 2086 2403 2404 1. 71% 2. 542 2087 2405 2406 1. 58% 2. 526 2088 2407 2408 1. 70% 2. 476 2089 2409 2410 1. 42% 2. 548 2090 2411 2412 1. 47% 2. 518 2091 2413 2414 1. 37% 2. 494 2092 2415 2416 1. 39% 2. 526 2093 2417 2418 1. 34% 2. 486 2094 2419 2420 1. 48% 2. 500 2095 2421 2422 1. 38% 2. 530 2096 2423 2424 1. 21% 2. 514 2097 2425 2426 1. 13% 2. 649 2098 2427 2428 1. 49% 2. 517 2099 2429 2430 1. 22% 2. 567 2100 2431 2432 1. 40% 2. 571 2101 2433 2434 1. 15% 2. 582 2102 2435 2436 1. 15% 2. 538 2103 2437 2438 1. 9% 2. 568 2104 2439 2440 1. 29% 2. 538 2105 2441 2442 1. 15% 2. 476 2106 2443 2444 1. 11% 2. 476 2107 2445 2446 1. 26% 2. 466 2108 2447 2448 1. 25% 2. 470 2109 2449 2450 1. 34% 2. 448 2110 2451 2452 1. 24% 2. 480 2111 2453 2454 1. 17% 2. 516 2112 2455 2456 1. 22% 2. 498 2113 2457 2458 1. 30% 2. 516

[1723] While the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments set forth above, many alternatives, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A compound of the formula: 2459and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein: A is selected from the group consisting of: 2460246124622463wherein the above rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 6 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; 2464wherein one or both of the above rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 6 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; 2465wherein the above phenyl rings of said A groups are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and 2466B is selected from the group consisting of 24672468n is 0 to 6; p is 1 to 5; X is O, NR.sup.18, or S; Z is 1 to 3; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, OH, --C(O)OH, --SH, --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHC(O)R.sup.13, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NHOR.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13OH, --S(O.sub.2)OH, --OC(O)R.sup.13, an unsubstituted heterocyclic acidic functional group, and a substituted heterocyclic acidic functional group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heterocyclic acidic functional group each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; each R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, cyano, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl substituted with 1 to 4 alkyl groups wherein each alkyl group is independently selected, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with 1 to 4 alkyl groups, --OH, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.13, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --C(O)NHR.sup.17, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.(t)R.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, 2469wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted aryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heteroaryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; or R.sup.3 is and R.sup.4 taken together with the carbons atoms to which they are bonded to in the the phenyl B substituent 2470form a fused ring of the formula: 2471wherein Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 is an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring (preferably a 4 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring), said ring Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 optionally containing one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S and NR.sup.18; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on said ring Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2, and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup- .16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13 provided that R.sup.13 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --NHC(O)OR.sup.15, halogen, and a heterocycloalkenyl group; each R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.13, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted aryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; and wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted heteroaryl group and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, alkynyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl; and wherein there are one or more substituents on said substituted R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 groups, wherein each substitutent is independently selected from the group consisting of: a) halogen, b) --CF.sub.3, c) --COR.sup.13, d) --OR.sup.13, e) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, f) --NO.sub.2, g) --CN, h) --SO.sub.2OR.sup.13, i) --Si(alkyl).sub.3, wherein each alkyl is independently selected, j) --Si(aryl).sub.3, wherein each alkyl is independently selected, k) --(R.sup.13).sub.2R.sup.- 14Si, wherein each R.sup.13 is independently selected, l) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, m) --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, n) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, o) --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, p) --OC(O)R.sup.13, q) --OC(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, r) --NR.sup.13C(O)R.sup.14, and s) --NR.sup.13CO.sub.2R.sup.14; (fluoroalkyl is one non-limiting example of an alkyl group that is substituted with halogen); R.sup.8a is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; each R.sup.9 is independently selected from the group consisting of: a) --R.sup.13, b) halogen, c) --CF.sub.3, d) --COR.sup.13, e) --OR.sup.13, f) --NR.sup.13R.sup.14; g) --NO.sub.2, h) --CN, i) --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, j) --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, k) --NR.sup.13COR.sup.14, l) --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14, m) --NR.sup.13CO.sub.2R.sup.14, n) --CO.sub.2R.sup.13, 2472 p) alkyl substituted with one or more --OH groups, q) alkyl substituted with one or more --NR.sup.13R.sup.14 group, and r) --N(R.sup.13)SO.sub.2R.sup.14; each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from the group consisting of R.sup.13, halogen, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NR.sup.13C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --OH, --C(O)OR.sup.13, --SH, --SO.sub.(t)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --SO.sub.2R.sup.13, --NHC(O)R.sup.13, --NHSO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13, --C(O)N.sup.13R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.13OR.sup.14, --OC(O)R.sup.13 and cyano; R.sup.12 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, --C(O)OR.sup.13, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl group; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on the substituted R.sup.12 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: R.sup.9 groups; each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted or substituted fluoroalkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkylalkyl (wherein "heterocyloalkyl" means heterocyclic); wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, --CF.sub.3, --OH, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, fluroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, --N(R.sup.40).sub.2, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup.16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, halogen, and --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16; or R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to in the groups --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14 and --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 form an unsubstituted or substituted saturated heterocyclic ring, said ring optionally containing one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: O, S and NR.sup.18; wherein there are 1 to 3 substituents on the substituted cyclized R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, --C(O)OR.sup.15, --C(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --SO.sub.tNR.sup.15R.sup- .16, --C(O)R.sup.15, --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H, --NHC(O)NR.sup.15R.sup.16, --NHC(O)OR.sup.15, halogen, and a heterocycloalkenyl group; each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heteroaryl; R.sup.17 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2alkyl, --SO.sub.2aryl, --SO.sub.2cycloalkyl, and --SO.sub.2heteroaryl; R.sup.18 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, --C(O)R.sup.19, --SO.sub.2R.sup.19 and --C(O)NR.sup.19R.sup.20; each R.sup.19 and R.sup.20 is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R.sup.30 is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CN, --NO.sub.2, or --SO.sub.2R.sup.15 provided that R.sup.15 is not H; each R.sup.31 is independently selected from the group consisting of: unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl and unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl; wherein there are 1 to 6 substituents on said substituted R.sup.31 groups and each substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, halogen and --CF.sub.3; each R.sup.40 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and cycloalkyl; g is 1 or 2; and t is 0, 1 or2.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: (1) unsubstituted or substituted: 2473

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein substituent A is: 2474wherein the furan ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 alkyl groups wherein each alkyl group is independently selected, R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: --CF.sub.3, alkyl and cycloalkyl, and R.sup.8 is H.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein substituent A is: 2475wherein the furan ring is substituted with 1 or 2 alkyl groups independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl, R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl, and R.sup.8 is H.

5. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: 2476247724782479

6. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: 2480

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 2481

8. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of: 2482

9. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of: 2483

10. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of: 2484

11. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of: 2485

12. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is 2486

13. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2487wherein R is --OH.

14. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2488wherein R.sup.2 is --OH, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl.

15. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is 2489

16. The compound of claim 15 wherein R.sup.11 is H.

17. The compound of claim 16 wherein R.sup.2 is --OH.

18. The compound of claim 17 wherein R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14.

19. The compound of claim 17 wherein R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup- .14.

20. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2490wherein R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H or methyl, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl.

21. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2491wherein R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H or methyl, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl.

22. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2492

23. The compound of claim 22 in R.sup.11 is H.

24. The compound of claim 23 wherein R.sup.2 is --OH.

25. The compound of claim 24 wherein R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14.

26. The compound of claim 24 wherein R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup- .14.

27. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2493wherein R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl.

28. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is: 2494wherein R.sup.2 is --OH, R.sup.3 is --S(O).sub.tNR.sup.13R.sup.14, R.sup.11 is H, and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl.

29. The compound of claim 1 wherein: (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 2495wherein the above rings are unsubstituted, or the above rings are substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, Br, alkyl, cycloalkyl, and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and 2496wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --CF.sub.2CH.sub.3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and t-butyl; and R.sup.8 is H; and R.sup.8a is as defined in claim 1; (2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 2497wherein: R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, OH, --NHC(O)R.sup.13 and --NHSO.sub.2R.sup.13; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --C(O)NR.sup.13R.sup.14--SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --NO.sub.2, cyano, and --SO.sub.2R.sup.13; R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --NO.sub.2, cyano, alkyl, halogen and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CF.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, halogen and cyano; R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen and alkyl; and each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from the group consisting of: H, unsubstituted alkyl.

30. The compound of claim 1 wherein: (1) substituent A in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 2498(2) substituent B in formula IA is selected from the group consisting of: 2499wherein: R.sup.2 is --OH; R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: --SO.sub.2NR.sup.13R.sup.14 and --CONR.sup.13R.sup.14; R.sup.4 is selected form the group consisting of: H, Br, --CH.sub.3, ethyl and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of: H and cyano; R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CH.sub.3 and --CF.sub.3; R.sup.11 is H; and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and methyl.

31. The compound of claim 1 wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 2500and substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 2501

32. The compound of claim 1 wherein substituent A is selected from the group consisting of: 2502and substituent B is selected from the group consisting of: 2503

33. The compound of claim 1 wherein g is 1.

34. The compound of claim 1 wherein g is 2.

35. The compound of claim 31 wherein g is 1.

36. The compound of claim 32 wherein g is 2.

37. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of claim 1.

38. A sodium salt of a compound of claim 1.

39. A calcium salt of a compound of claim 1.

40. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of: 25042505250625072508250925102511251225132514251525162517251825192520pharm- aceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

41. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of: 2521252225232524252525262527252825292530pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

42. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula: 2531253225332534253525362537the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.

43. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2538or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

44. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2539or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

45. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2540or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

46. The compound of claim 42 having the formula: 2541or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

47. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2542or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

48. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2543or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

49. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2544or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

50. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2545or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

51. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2546or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

52. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2547or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

53. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2548or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

54. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2549or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

55. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2550or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

56. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2551or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

57. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2552or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

58. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2553or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

59. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2554or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

60. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2555or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

61. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2556or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

62. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2557or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

63. The compound of claim 41 having the formula: 2558or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

64. The compound of claim 1 having the formula: 2559or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

65. The compound of claim 1 having the formula: 2560or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

66. The compound of claim 1 having the formula: 2561or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

67. The compound of claim 1 having the formula: 2562or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

68. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of the final compounds of Examples 1 to 201, 201A, 201.1 to 201.9, 202 to 204, 206 to 241, 241.1, 241.2, 241.3, 241.4, 242 to 373 to 394, 2001 to 2060, and 2062 to 2113.

69. The compound of claim 1 in isolated and pure form.

70. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

71. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least one other agent, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a chemokine mediated disease, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

72. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

73. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least one other agent, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a chemokine mediated disease, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

74. A method of treating a chemokine mediated diseases comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

75. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

76. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one anticancer agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) microtubule affecting agents, (b) antineoplastic agents, (c) anti-angiogenesis agents, or (d) VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors, (e) antibodies against the VEGF receptor, (f) interferon, and g) radiation.

77. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of: gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-Fluorourcil, cyclophosphamide, temozolomide, and Vincristine.

78. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with a microtubule affecting agent.

79. A method treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one agent selected from the group consisting of: (1) antineoplastic agents, (2) microtubule affecting agents, and (3) anti-angiogenesis agents.

80. A method of inhibiting angiogenesis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

81. A method of treating angiogenic ocular disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

82. A method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus, meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy, periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection, airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, autoimmune deafness, autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bullous pemphigoid, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cirrhosis, cor pneumoniae, cryoglobulinemia, dermatomyositis, diabetes, drug-induced autoimmunity, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hypophytis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, interstitial cystitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis, myositis, Neuropathies, nephritic syndrome, optic neuritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, post-infectious autoimmunity, primary biliary cirrhosis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases, silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, uveitis, vasculitis syndromes, and Vitiligo in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

83. A method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one other medicament useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

84. A method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one other medicament selected from the group consisting of: a) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; b) nonsteroidal anitinflammatory drugs; c) COX-2 selective inhibitors; d) COX-1 inhibitors; e) immunosuppressives; f) steroids; g) biological response modifiers; and h) other anti-inflammatory agents or therapeutics useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

85. A method of treating a pulmonary disease in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: glucocorticoids, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, .beta.-2 adrenoceptor agonists, muscarinic M1 antagonists, muscarinic M3 antagonists, muscarinic M2 agonists, NK3 antagonists, LTB4 antagonists, cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists, bronchodilators, PDE4 inhibitors, PDE inhibitors, elastase inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, phospholipase A2 inhibitors, phospholipase D inhibitors, histamine H1 antagonists, histamine H3 antagonists, dopamine agonists, adenosine A2 agonists, NK1 and NK2 antagonists, GABA-b agonists, nociceptin agonists, expectorants, mucolytic agents, decongestants, antioxidants, anti-IL-8 anti-bodies, anti-IL-5 antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-TNF antibodies, IL-10, adhesion molecule inhibitors, and growth hormones.

86. A method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glatiramer acetate, glucocorticoids, methotrexate, azothioprine, mitoxantrone, chemokine inhibitors, and CB2-selective inhibitors.

87. A method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide, sulfasalazine, .beta.-methasone, .beta.-interferon, glatiramer acetate, prednisone, etonercept, and infliximab.

88. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

89. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of COX-2 inhibitors, COX inhibitors, immunosuppressives, steroids, PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds, MMP inhibitors, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, and other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

90. A method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thrombolitics, antiplatelet agents, antagonists, anticoagulants, and other compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

91. A method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tenecteplase, TPA, alteplase, abciximab, eftiifbatide, and heparin.

92. A method of treating psoriasis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of immunosuppressives, steroids, and anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds.

93. A method of treating COPD in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

94. A method of treating acute pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

95. A method of treating acute inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

96. A method of treating chronic inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

97. A method of treating neuropathic pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

98. A method of treating arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

99. A method of treating osteoarthritis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

100. A method of treating a chemokine mediated diseases comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

101. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

102. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one anticancer agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) microtubule affecting agents, (b) antineoplastic agents, (c) anti-angiogenesis agents, or (d) VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors, (e) antibodies against the VEGF receptor, (f) interferon, and g) radiation.

103. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of: gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-Fluorourcil, cyclophosphamide, temozolomide, and Vincristine.

104. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with a microtubule affecting agent.

105. A method treating cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one agent selected from the group consisting of: (1) antineoplastic agents, (2) microtubule affecting agents, and (3) anti-angiogenesis agents.

106. A method of inhibiting angiogenesis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

107. A method of treating angiogenic ocular disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

108. A method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus, meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy, periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, early transplantation rejection, airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, autoimmune deafness, autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bullous pemphigoid, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cirrhosis, cor pneumoniae, cryoglobulinemia, dermatomyositis, diabetes, drug-induced autoimmunity, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hypophytis, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, interstitial cystitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis, myositis, Neuropathies, nephritic syndrome, optic neuritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, post-infectious autoimmunity, primary biliary cirrhosis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, scleritis, scieroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases, silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, uveitis, vasculitis syndromes, and Vitiligo in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

109. A method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one other medicament useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

110. A method of treating a chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising comprising administering to said patient at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one other medicament selected from the group consisting of: a) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; b) nonsteroidal anitinflammatory drugs; c) COX-2 selective inhibitors; d) COX-1 inhibitors; e) immunosuppressives; f) steroids; g) biological response modifiers; and h) other anti-inflammatory agents or therapeutics useful for the treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

111. A method of treating a pulmonary disease in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: glucocorticoids, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, `-2 adrenoceptor agonists, muscarinic M1 antagonists, muscarinic M3 antagonists, muscarinic M2 agonists, NK3 antagonists, LTB4 antagonists, cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists, bronchodilators, PDE4 inhibitors, PDE inhibitors, elastase inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, phospholipase A2 inhibitors, phospholipase D inhibitors, histamine H1 antagonists, histamine H3 antagonists, dopamine agonists, adenosine A2 agonists, NK1 and NK2 antagonists, GABA-b agonists, nociceptin agonists, expectorants, mucolytic agents, decongestants, antioxidants, anti-IL-8 anti-bodies, anti-IL-5 antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-TNF antibodies, IL-10, adhesion molecule inhibitors, and growth hormones.

112. A method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glatiramer acetate, glucocorticoids, methotrexate, azothioprine, mitoxantrone, chemokine inhibitors, and CB2-selective inhibitors.

113. A method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunimide, sulfasalazine, .beta.-methasone, .beta.-interferon, glatiramer acetate, prednisone, etonercept, and infliximab.

114. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

115. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of COX-2 inhibitors, COX inhibitors, immunosuppressives, steroids, PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds, MMP inhibitors, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, and other classes of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

116. A method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of thrombolitics, antiplatelet agents, antagonists, anticoagulants, and other compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

117. A method of treating stroke and cardiac reperfusion injury in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tenecteplase, TPA, alteplase, abciximab, eftiifbatide, and heparin.

118. A method of treating psoriasis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of immunosuppressives, steroids, and anti-TNF-.alpha. compounds.

119. A method of treating COPD in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

120. A method of treating acute pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

121. A method of treating acute inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

122. A method of treating chronic inflammatory pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

123. A method of treating neuropathic pain in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

124. A method of treating arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

125. A method of treating osteoarthritis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said patient a thereapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

126. The method of claim 82 wherein said (a) Allograft rejections are selected from the group consisting of acute allograft rejections and chronic allograft rejections, (b) Early transplantation rejection is an acute allograft rejection, (c) Autoimmune deafness is Meniere's disease, (d) Myocarditis is viral myocarditis, (e) Neuropathies are selected from the group consisting of IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy, (f) Autoimmune diseases are anemias, and (g) Vasculitis syndromes are selected from the group consisting of giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis.

127. The method of claim 108 wherein said (a) Allograft rejections are selected from the group consisting of acute allograft rejections and chronic allograft rejections, (b) Early transplantation rejection is an acute allograft rejection, (c) Autoimmune deafness is Meniere's disease, (d) Myocarditis is viral myocarditis, (e) Neuropathies are selected from the group consisting of IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy, (f) Autoimmune diseases are anemias, and (g) Vasculitis syndromes are selected from the group consisting of giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis.

128. A method of treating a CXCR1 and/or a CXCR2 mediated disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: acute pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, acute inflammatory pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, restinosis, angiogenesis, osteoporosis, gingivitis, respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma associated virus, meningitis, cystic fibrosis, pre-term labor, cough, pruritis, multi-organ dysfunction, trauma, strains, sprains, contusions, psoriatic arthritis, herpes, encephalitis, CNS vasculitis, traumatic brain injury, CNS tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, post surgical trauma, interstitial pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, crystal induced arthritis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic sinusitis, angiogenic ocular disease, ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred, corneal neovascularization, polymyositis, vasculitis, acne, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, celiac disease, esophagitis, glossitis, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis, cor pulmonae, dyspnea, emphysema, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypoxemia, hyperoxia-induced inflammations, hypoxia, surgical lung volume reduction, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), granulocytic ehrlichiosis, sarcoidosis, small airway disease, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, wheeze, colds, gout, alcoholic liver disease, lupus, burn therapy, periodontitis, cancer, transplant reperfusion injury, and early transplantation rejection in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

129. A method of treating a CCR7 mediated disease or condition selected from the group consisting of: acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, acute inflammatory pain, acute pain, chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, acute allograft rejection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory disease, airway hyperreactivity, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, alopecia areata, alzheimer's disease, angiogenic ocular disease, antiphospholipid syndromes, aplastic anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune deafness, autoimmune hemolytic syndromes, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune neuropathy, autoimmune ovarian failure, autoimmune orchitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, bullous pemphigoid, burn therapy, cancer, cerebral ischemia, cardiac ischemia, chronic allograft rejection, chronic allograft vasculopathy, chronic bronchitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic sinusitis, cirrhosis, CNS vasculitis, COPD, Cor pneumoniae, Crohn's disease, cryoglobulinemia, crystal-induced arthritis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, dermatomyositis, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, drug-induced autoimmunity, dyspnea, emphysema, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, endometriosis, fibrotic diseases, gastritis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, graft vs host disease, Graves' disease, Gullain-Barre disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hepatitis-associated autoimmunity, HIV-related autoimmune syndromes and hematologic disorders, hyperoxia-induced inflammation, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hypophytis, hypoxia, idiopathic thrombocytic pupura, inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial cystitis, interstitial pneumonitis, juvenile arthritis, Langerhans' cell histiocytitis, lichen planus, metal-induced autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndromes, myocarditis including viral myocarditis, myositis, neuropathies, nephritic syndrome, ocular inflammation, optic neuritis, osteoarthritis, pancreatitis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia, pemphigus, polymyalgia, polymyositis, post-infectious autoimmunity, pulmonary fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Reiter's syndrome, reperfusion injury, restenosis, sarcoidosis, scleritis, scleroderma, secondary hematologic manifestation of autoimmune diseases, silicone implant associated autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, transverse myelitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, vasculitis and vasculitis syndromes, and vitiligo in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

130. The method of claim 128 wherein said (a) Allograft rejections are selected from the group consisting of acute allograft rejections and chronic allograft rejections, and (b) Early transplantation rejection is an acute allograft rejection.

131. The method of claim 129 wherein said (a) Autoimmune deafness is Meniere's disease, (b) Myocarditis is viral myocarditis, (c) Neuropathies are selected from the group consisting of IgA neuropathy, membranous neuropathy and idiopathic neuropathy, (d) Autoimmune diseases are anemias, and (e) Vasculitis syndromes are selected from the group consisting of giant cell arteritis, Behcet's disease and Wegener's granulomatosis.