U.S. patent application number 10/742671 was filed with the patent office on 2004-09-09 for tank for service stations.
Invention is credited to Wokas, Albert L..
Application Number | 20040175236 10/742671 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32931274 |
Filed Date | 2004-09-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040175236 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wokas, Albert L. |
September 9, 2004 |
Tank for service stations
Abstract
An improved storage reservoir assembly has increased resistance
to leakage of fluid from the assembly into the ground. The assembly
comprises a storage reservoir suitable for being buried beneath
ground level and suitable for containing a fluid and at least one
support unit attached to or disposed adjacent to the reservoir and
suitable for attachment to an above-ground canopy. The assembly
also provides for substantially surrounding the reservoir with a
hydrostatic head of a second fluid for detecting reservoir leaks by
infiltration of the second fluid within the reservoir. This may be
accomplished through an enclosure suitable for substantially
surrounding the reservoir or through the use of a double-walled
reservoir, with the second fluid contained within the enclosure or
between the walls of a double-walled reservoir. In addition, the
assembly provides for a piping network of the distribution system
for supplying remote service islands to be located within a primary
above-ground canopy.
Inventors: |
Wokas, Albert L.; (Zephyr
Cove, NV) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C.
P.O. BOX 828
BLOOMFIELD HILLS
MI
48303
US
|
Family ID: |
32931274 |
Appl. No.: |
10/742671 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10742671 |
Dec 19, 2003 |
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09592348 |
Jun 12, 2000 |
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6685392 |
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09592348 |
Jun 12, 2000 |
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09328239 |
Jun 8, 1999 |
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6270285 |
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09328239 |
Jun 8, 1999 |
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08822312 |
Mar 21, 1997 |
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5921712 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
405/52 ; 141/59;
405/128.15; 405/154.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 31/00 20130101;
B67D 7/78 20130101; E04H 1/1233 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/052 ;
141/059; 405/128.15; 405/154.1 |
International
Class: |
E02B 013/00; B65B
031/00; F16L 001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of a first
fluid into the ground, said system comprising: a reservoir suitable
for being buried beneath ground level and for containing a first
fluid; at least one support unit disposed within the reservoir and
projecting outside the reservoir for attachment to an above-ground
canopy; an above-ground canopy attached to said at least one
support unit, said canopy suitable for providing shelter from
weather while accessing said reservoir, said at least one support
unit being operable for supporting said canopy in an above-ground
position; and an enclosure suitable for at least partially
surrounding the reservoir; wherein the enclosure is spaced from the
reservoir so as to define a void therebetween, and wherein the void
is filled with a second fluid capable of identifying a leaking
condition of the reservoir by detected infiltration of the second
fluid into the reservoir.
2. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the second
fluid is selected from the group consisting of water and brine.
3. The integrated system according to claim 1, further comprising
at least one detection device capable of detecting infiltration of
the second fluid within the reservoir.
4. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
reservoir is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel and fiberglass.
5. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the void
also includes pea gravel as a filling material.
6. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
enclosure is covered with a wrapping material selected from the
group consisting of polyethylene and other plastic wraps, said
wrapping material suitable for at least one of: decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the enclosure; and increasing the
resistance of the second fluid from within the void from leaking
into the ground.
7. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the system
further comprises at least one support spacer disposed within the
enclosure beneath the reservoir for supporting the reservoir within
the enclosure.
8. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
enclosure is attached to the reservoir by a plurality of attachment
devices selected from the group consisting of straps, belts and
welded gussets.
9. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
enclosure is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel, fiberglass and concrete.
10. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
enclosure is disposed in relation to the reservoir so as to
surround the reservoir at least to the total height of the
reservoir.
11. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
enclosure and the reservoir are positioned during on-site
installation so that the enclosure substantially surrounds said
reservoir to define the void, and wherein the void is subsequently
filled on-site.
12. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
reservoir and enclosure are installed within a portion of an
excavated pit beneath ground level, and wherein a remaining portion
of the pit is filled with pea gravel.
13. The integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the
reservoir and enclosure are installed within a portion of an
excavated pit beneath ground level, and wherein the enclosure is
constructed directly in contact with walls of the excavated
pit.
14. The integrated system according to claim 1, further comprising
an automatic supply system for keeping said void filled with said
second fluid.
15. The integrated system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a delivery system for delivery of said fluid from within said
reservoir to above ground level; and an above-ground distribution
system for distribution of fluid from said delivery system to at
least one above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least a portion of
said distribution system being disposed within said canopy.
16. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of a first
fluid into the ground, said system comprising: a reservoir suitable
for being buried beneath ground level, said reservoir having an
inner wall surrounded by and spaced from an outer wall so as to
define a void therebetween, said reservoir suitable being for
containing a first fluid within the inner wall; at least one
support unit disposed within the reservoir and projecting outside
the reservoir for attachment to an above-ground canopy; and an
above-ground canopy attached to said at least one support unit,
said canopy suitable for providing shelter from weather while
accessing said reservoir, said at least one support unit being
operable for supporting said canopy in an above-ground position;
wherein the void between the inner and outer walls of the reservoir
is filled with a second fluid capable of identifying a leaking
condition of the inner wall of the reservoir by detected
infiltration of the second fluid within the inner wall of the
reservoir.
17. The integrated system according to claim 16, wherein the second
fluid is selected from the group consisting of water and brine.
18. The integrated system according to claim 16, further comprising
at least one detection device capable of detecting infiltration of
the second fluid within the inner wall of the reservoir.
19. The integrated system according to claim 16, wherein the
reservoir is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel and fiberglass.
20. The integrated system according to claim 16, wherein the void
also includes pea gravel as a filling material.
21. The integrated system according to claim 16, wherein the outer
wall of the reservoir is covered with a wrapping material selected
from the group consisting of polyethylene and other plastic wraps,
said wrapping material suitable for at least one of: decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the reservoir; and increasing the
resistance of the second fluid within the void from leaking into
the ground.
22. The integrated system according to claim 16, wherein the
reservoir is installed within a portion of an excavated pit beneath
ground level, and wherein a remaining portion of the pit is filled
with pea gravel.
23. The integrated system according to claim 16, further comprising
an automatic supply system for keeping said void filled with said
second fluid.
24. The integrated system according to claim 16, further
comprising: a delivery system for delivery of said fluid from
within said reservoir to above ground level; and an above-ground
distribution system for distribution of fluid from said delivery
system to at least one above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least
a portion of said distribution system being disposed within said
canopy.
25. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of a first
fluid into the ground, said system comprising: a reservoir suitable
for being buried beneath ground level and for containing a first
fluid; a support system disposed adjacent to the reservoir, said
support system including at least one substantially horizontal
support beam disposed beneath ground level and above the reservoir,
and suitable for attachment to an above-ground canopy, each
substantially horizontal support beam being supported above the
reservoir by a plurality of support units selected from the group
consisting of substantially vertical support posts, concrete
footings and combinations thereof disposed adjacent to the
reservoir; an above-ground canopy attached to said support system,
said canopy suitable for providing shelter from weather while
accessing said reservoir, said support system being suitable for
supporting the above-ground canopy external to the reservoir; and
an enclosure suitable for at least partially surrounding the
reservoir; wherein the enclosure is spaced from the reservoir so as
to define a void therebetween, and wherein the void is filled with
a second fluid capable of identifying a leaking condition of the
reservoir by detected infiltration of the second fluid into the
reservoir.
26. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the second
fluid is selected from the group consisting of water and brine.
27. The integrated system according to claim 25, further comprising
at least one detection device capable of detecting infiltration of
the second fluid within the reservoir.
28. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
reservoir is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel and fiberglass.
29. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the void
also includes pea gravel as a filling material.
30. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
enclosure is covered with a wrapping material selected from the
group consisting of polyethylene and other plastic wraps, said
wrapping material suitable for at least one of: decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the enclosure; and increasing the
resistance of the second fluid from within the void from leaking
into the ground.
31. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the system
further comprises at least one support spacer disposed within the
enclosure beneath the reservoir for supporting the reservoir within
the enclosure.
32. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
enclosure is attached to the reservoir by a plurality of attachment
devices selected from the group consisting of straps, belts and
welded gussets.
33. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
enclosure is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel, fiberglass and concrete.
34. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
enclosure is disposed in relation to the reservoir so as to
surround the reservoir at least to the total height of the
reservoir.
35. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
enclosure and the reservoir are positioned during on-site
installation so that the enclosure substantially surrounds said
reservoir to define the void, and wherein the void is subsequently
filled on-site.
36. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
reservoir is installed within a portion of an excavated pit beneath
ground level, and wherein a remaining portion of the pit is filled
with pea gravel.
37. The integrated system according to claim 25, wherein the
reservoir and enclosure are installed within a portion of an
excavated pit beneath ground level, and wherein the enclosure is
constructed directly in contact with walls of the excavated
pit.
38. The integrated system according to claim 25, further comprising
an automatic supply system for keeping said void filled with said
second fluid.
39. The integrated system according to claim 25, further
comprising: a delivery system for delivery of said fluid from
within said reservoir to above ground level; and an above-ground
distribution system for distribution of fluid from said delivery
system to at least one above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least
a portion of said distribution system being disposed within said
canopy.
40. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of a first
fluid into the ground, said system comprising: a reservoir suitable
for being buried beneath ground level, said reservoir having an
inner wall surrounded by and spaced from an outer wall so as to
define a void therebetween, said reservoir suitable being for
containing a first fluid within the inner wall; a support system
disposed adjacent to the reservoir, said support system including
at least one substantially horizontal support beam disposed beneath
ground level and above the reservoir, and suitable for attachment
to an above-ground canopy, each substantially horizontal support
beam being supported above the reservoir by a plurality of support
units selected from the group consisting of substantially vertical
support posts, concrete footings and combinations thereof disposed
adjacent to the reservoir; and an above-ground canopy attached to
said support system, said canopy suitable for providing shelter
from weather while accessing said reservoir, said support system
being suitable for supporting the above-ground canopy external to
the reservoir; wherein the void between the inner and outer walls
of the reservoir is filled with a second fluid capable of
identifying a leaking condition of the inner wall of the reservoir
by detected infiltration of the second fluid within the inner wall
of the reservoir.
41. The integrated system according to claim 40, wherein the second
fluid is selected from the group consisting of water and brine.
42. The integrated system according to claim 40, further comprising
at least one detection device capable of detecting infiltration of
the second fluid within the inner wall of the reservoir.
43. The integrated system according to claim 40, wherein the
reservoir is constructed of a material selected from the group
consisting of steel and fiberglass.
44. The integrated system according to claim 40, wherein the void
also includes pea gravel as a filling material.
45. The integrated system according to claim 40, wherein the outer
wall of the reservoir is covered with a wrapping material selected
from the group consisting of polyethylene and other plastic wraps,
said wrapping material suitable for at least one of: decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the reservoir; and increasing the
resistance of the second fluid within the void from leaking into
the ground.
46. The integrated system according to claim 40, wherein the
reservoir is installed within a portion of an excavated pit beneath
ground level, and wherein a remaining portion of the pit is filled
with pea gravel.
47. The integrated system according to claim 40, further comprising
an automatic supply system for keeping said void filled with said
second fluid.
48. The integrated system according to claim 40, further
comprising: a delivery system for delivery of said fluid from
within said reservoir to above ground level; and an above-ground
distribution system for distribution of fluid from said delivery
system to at least one above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least
a portion of said distribution system being disposed within said
canopy.
49. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of fluid into
the ground, the system comprising: a reservoir suitable for being
buried beneath ground level and for containing a fluid; a support
system disposed adjacent to the reservoir, said support system
including at least one substantially horizontal support beam
disposed beneath ground level and above the reservoir, and suitable
for attachment to an above-ground canopy, each substantially
horizontal support beam being independently supported above the
reservoir by a plurality of support units selected from the group
consisting of substantially vertical support posts, concrete
footings and combinations thereof disposed adjacent to the
reservoir; and an above-ground canopy attached to said support
system, said canopy suitable for providing shelter from weather
while accessing said reservoir, said support system being suitable
for supporting the above-ground canopy external to the reservoir; a
delivery system for delivery of said fluid from within said
reservoir to approximately ground level; and a distribution system
for distribution of fluid from said delivery system to at least one
above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least a portion of said
distribution system being disposed at a shallow underground
depth.
50. An integrated underground storage reservoir and above-ground
canopy system having increased resistance to leakage of fluid into
the ground, the system comprising: a reservoir suitable for being
buried beneath ground level and for containing a fluid; a support
system disposed adjacent to the reservoir, said support system
including at least one substantially horizontal support beam
disposed beneath ground level and above the reservoir, and suitable
for attachment to an above-ground canopy, each substantially
horizontal support beam being independently supported above the
reservoir by a plurality of support units selected from the group
consisting of substantially vertical support posts, concrete
footings and combinations thereof disposed adjacent to the
reservoir; and an above-ground canopy attached to said support
system, said canopy suitable for providing shelter from weather
while accessing said reservoir, said support system being suitable
for supporting the above-ground canopy external to the reservoir; a
delivery system for delivery of said fluid from within said
reservoir to above ground level; and an above-ground distribution
system for distribution of fluid from said delivery system to at
least one above-ground fluid dispensing unit, at least a portion of
said distribution system being disposed within said canopy.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 09/592,348, filed Jun. 12, 2000 and entitled
"Tank for Service Stations," which is a continuation-in-part of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/328,239, filed Jun. 8, 1999,
now U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,285 issued Aug. 7, 2001 and entitled
"Integrated Underground Storage Reservoir and Above-Ground Canopy
and Dispensing System," which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 08/822,312, filed Mar. 21, 1997, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,712 issued Jul. 13, 1999 and entitled
"Integrated Underground Storage Reservoir and Above-Ground Canopy
and Dispensing System."
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates generally to underground storage
reservoirs in combination with above-ground shelters for accessing
such reservoirs, and more particularly relates to an integrated
underground fluid storage reservoir and above-ground canopy support
system.
[0003] Various types of materials are stored beneath the surface of
the ground for access through above-ground dispensing and/or
distribution facilities. One class of such materials includes
fluids such as fuels for automotive and heating uses. Typically,
these storage installations include a fluid reservoir that is
buried beneath ground level within an excavated pit. A backfill
material is typically used to surround the storage tank to achieve
a buried condition for the reservoir. Pea gravel is a standard
backfill material in the industry because of its ability to quickly
achieve a substantially settled condition. Sand has also been used
as a backfill material.
[0004] In the case of underground storage reservoirs at automobile
service stations, one or more reservoirs containing automobile fuel
are typically located upon the service station premises at a
location some distance away from the pumps used for dispensing the
fuel to automobiles. In such an arrangement, the underground
storage tanks can be filled, such as by tanker trucks, without
impeding the ability of the service station to continue operating.
This is because the tanker trucks can access ports or manholes for
filling the underground storage tanks in the remote area of the
service premises away from the dispensing units.
[0005] However, locating underground storage tanks for fluids such
as automobile and heating fuels at a distance away from the
dispensing location requires a significant amount of underground
piping for connecting the dispensing units to the underground
storage tanks. These pipes sometimes require maintenance and/or
service operations. Therefore, these pipes must be accessible to
service and maintenance personnel at times. A typical automobile
service station, however, includes one or more sections of concrete
driveway covering a substantial portion of the service station
premises, in order to provide customers with sufficient maneuvering
access to the typical several dispensing units. This substantial
concrete driveway also provides sufficient access to the
underground storage reservoir filling ports by tanker trucks. This
type of arrangement, however, makes accessing the underground
piping network connecting the storage tanks with the dispensing
pumps expensive, difficult and time consuming.
[0006] Automobile service stations are often designed to include
multiple dispensing units, commonly referred to as "pumps,"
"multiple pump dispensers" or "MPDs", from which multiple customers
can access the underground storage reservoir or reservoirs at the
same time. These dispensing units are often located at multiple
service islands located upon the service station premises. Since
automobile fuel is commonly sold in multiple grades, the different
fuel grades can be stored within a single partitioned reservoir or
within multiple reservoirs. Extensive underground piping is
therefore typically required in order to distribute different
grades of fuel to the different dispensing units located at the
various service islands.
[0007] In addition, the increasingly popular recovery of fuel
vapors from automobile fuel tanks upon filling involves the
transport of these vapors to the underground storage reservoir
(Phase II recovery). These vapors are subsequently transported to a
tanker truck during the next filling of the underground storage
reservoir (Phase I recovery). Thus, additional extensive piping
would need to be located underground for vapor recovery from the
dispensing units located at multiple service islands.
[0008] It is also desirable for automobile service stations to
provide customers with at least some limited form of shelter from
the weather, especially from precipitation. Service stations
commonly provide one or more large canopies that extend over a
substantial portion of the service station premises, covering the
multiple service island locations as well as an extended amount of
area surrounding the dispensing pumps. In this manner, service
station customers are provided with the convenience of being able
to stay dry while fueling, as well as while entering and exiting
vehicles. Often, the canopy extends to provide a covered walkway to
the service station attendant, who is commonly located within an
adjacent service building, such as an automobile service garage or
convenience store.
[0009] The canopies are typically suspended in place at some
distance above the ground through the use of multiple support
columns. These columns are often positioned adjacent the dispensing
units upon one or more service islands upon the service station
premises. Positioning the canopy support columns in this manner
allows maximum maneuverability for automobiles upon the service
station premises.
[0010] Further, the recent increased emphasis on environmental
concerns has focused attention on the nature of, and environment
surrounding, the underground storage reservoirs to minimize the
leaking of fluids stored therein. A majority of conventional steel
underground storage tanks are believed to leak due to electrolysis
along the bottom of the tank. This is caused at least in part
because the ground at the bottom of the tank is often wet and the
weight of the tank and its contents cause solid contact with the
soil, resulting in a condition that is favorable to the flow of
electric current. Also, during such environmental events such as
earthquakes and hurricanes, shifting of the underground storage
reservoir, the pea gravel, sand or other fill material surrounding
the tank, or introduction of excessive amounts of water to the area
surrounding the tank, can each have negative effects on the tank,
including leakage of the tank itself and leakage from the fluid
delivery system due to disruption of the alignment of the delivery
system relative to the reservoir.
[0011] A need therefore exists for an improved system whereby the
need for extensive underground piping connecting underground fluid
storage tanks and dispensing units can be eliminated. A need also
exists for a simpler vapor recovery system for use in automobile
service stations. A need also exists for an improved, simpler, less
expensive system for constructing service station premises. A need
further exists for an improved underground storage reservoir system
having increased leak resistance, as well as increased resistance
to the effects of earthquakes and hurricanes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention therefore provides an integrated
underground storage reservoir and above-ground canopy system. The
system includes a storage reservoir suitable for being buried
beneath ground level and suitable for containing a fluid. The
system also includes a support system including at least one
support member that is disposed in communication with, or adjacent
to, the reservoir and projects above ground level. Each support
member is operable to support one or more canopies for providing
shelter from the weather while accessing the reservoir.
[0013] More specifically, the integrated system of the present
invention comprises an underground storage reservoir for the
storage of fuel, such as automobile fuel or heating fuel. The
integrated system further includes a support system including at
least one support unit disposed in communication with the
underground storage tank. In one preferred embodiment, a plurality
of support units are disposed in contact with the underground
storage reservoir and extend above ground level in a substantially
vertical orientation. The present invention may include one or more
underground storage reservoirs, any of which may be partitioned to
hold more than one type or grade of fluid. In another preferred
embodiment, the support system includes multiple support units
disposed adjacent to the underground storage tank. The support
units are preferably oriented in a generally vertical direction and
protrude above the ground level. Thus, the support units are able
to support at least one canopy for sheltering the dispensing unit
area from weather while accessing the underground storage reservoir
or reservoirs.
[0014] The present invention also includes a delivery system for
delivery of the fluid from within the underground reservoir to
above-ground level. Preferably, this includes one or more pipes
disposed within the reservoir, which extend in a substantially
vertical orientation to an above-ground location directly above the
reservoir. The delivery system may also include one or more
submersible pumps for delivering fluid from the reservoir to an
above-ground location.
[0015] The present invention further includes a distribution system
for the distribution of fluid from the delivery system. The
distribution system may preferably include one or more distribution
heads, each located in above-ground communication with one of the
submersible pumps. The distribution system also preferably includes
a piping network that extends from the distribution heads to one or
more dispensing units on an above-ground or below-ground basis.
Most preferably, the piping network is constructed to connect the
various distribution units among one or more service islands by
being routed through one or more of the canopies, described in more
detail below. This piping network may therefore travel vertically
from the distribution head or heads to a canopy along the external
surfaces of the dispensing units, along the internal surfaces of
the dispensing units, or along the support units. The above-ground
nature of the distribution system allows easy access for service
and maintenance purposes.
[0016] The present invention also provides an improved storage
reservoir assembly having increased resistance to leakage of fluid
from the assembly into the ground. The assembly includes a
reservoir suitable for being buried beneath ground level and for
containing a fluid and an enclosure suitable for partially
surrounding the reservoir and supporting the reservoir from
beneath. The enclosure is spaced from the reservoir so as to define
a void between the reservoir and the enclosure. The void is filled
with a filling material suitable for decreasing leakage of fluid
into the ground and/or assisting maintaining the buried condition
of the reservoir within the ground. The improved storage reservoir
assembly preferably further includes at least one support unit
connected to the reservoir and suitable for attachment to an
above-ground canopy.
[0017] It will be appreciated that the present invention is also
intended to include those features commonly associated with
automobile service stations and fuel delivery stations, as are
required for convenience and/or safety. Many of these features,
such as venting and vapor recovery provisions, are provided in
improved form in accordance with the present invention. While the
description herein is intended to emphasize those features of the
present invention that are advantages over the prior art, it is not
intended to exclude other convenience and/or safety features.
[0018] An advantage of the present invention is to provide an
integrated system whereby one or more underground storage tanks are
located directly beneath an associated delivery and distribution
system, thereby minimizing the amount of underground piping network
that must be accessed for service and/or maintenance.
[0019] Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a
integrated system whereby a fluid distribution system is located
above ground level, to allow servicing and/or maintenance of the
distribution system.
[0020] Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a
simpler, less expensive system for providing an underground storage
reservoir that can be accessed for both delivery and withdrawal
while being protected from the weather.
[0021] Another advantage of the present invention is to reduce
pollution by providing for the recovery of vapors from automobile
fuel tanks and from underground storage reservoirs in a manner that
is convenient, less expensive, requires a minimum amount of
associated underground piping and includes above-ground
equipment.
[0022] Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an
integrated support system for the support of one or more canopies
to shelter the accessing of an underground storage reservoir from
weather, wherein the support system is disposed in communication
with, or adjacent to, the underground storage reservoir.
[0023] Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an
improved storage reservoir assembly having increased resistance to
leakage of fluid from the assembly into the ground, due to both the
local environment of the storage reservoir and the effects of
environmental events such as earthquakes and hurricanes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Other advantages of the present invention will become
apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading the following
specification and the following drawings.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system
according to the teachings of a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0026] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the underground storage reservoir,
and canopy support system shown in FIG. 1;
[0027] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an underground
storage reservoir having a support unit disposed therewithin for
supporting a canopy, according to the teachings of a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an underground storage
reservoir and a support unit disposed in communication therewith,
for supporting an above-ground canopy, according to the teachings
of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an underground
storage reservoir with a support unit disposed therethrough, for
supporting an above-ground canopy, according to the teachings of
another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating
another preferred embodiment of the present invention, including an
underground storage reservoir and a support system disposed
adjacent thereto, for supporting a canopy;
[0031] FIG. 7 is a plan view of the underground storage reservoir
and support system shown in FIG. 6;
[0032] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an underground
storage reservoir and an adjacently disposed canopy support system,
according to another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0033] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an underground
storage reservoir and an adjacently disposed canopy support system,
according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0034] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
underground storage reservoir and an adjacently disposed canopy
support system according to yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
[0035] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
underground storage reservoir and an adjacently disposed canopy
support system according to yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
[0036] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
underground storage reservoir and an canopy support system disposed
in communication with the underground storage reservoir according
to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an
underground storage reservoir in a pre-constructed form suitable
for on-site installation below ground level;
[0038] FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes a beneath ground level distribution piping
network;
[0039] FIG. 15 is a plan view of the underground storage reservoir
and canopy support system shown in FIG. 14;
[0040] FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes distribution equipment beneath ground level in a
manhole sump;
[0041] FIG. 17 is a plan view of the underground storage reservoir
and canopy support system shown in FIG. 16;
[0042] FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes additional distribution components in an
above-ground canopy;
[0043] FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes a beneath ground level distribution piping network
and wherein dispensing units are located directly upon a concrete
driveway;
[0044] FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes a beneath ground level remote island area
distribution piping network;
[0045] FIG. 21 is a plan view of the integrated system shown in
FIG. 20;
[0046] FIG. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system,
which includes a beneath ground level closed loop distribution
piping network for feeding a remote island area;
[0047] FIG. 23 is a plan view of the integrated system shown in
FIG. 22;
[0048] FIG. 24 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding an island area
displaced relative to the underground storage reservoir;
[0049] FIG. 25 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding two island
areas displaced relative to the underground storage reservoir;
[0050] FIG. 26 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding three island
areas displaced relative to the underground storage reservoir;
[0051] FIG. 27 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding two island
areas displaced in parallel relative to the underground storage
reservoir, wherein dispensing units are located in series upon the
island areas;
[0052] FIG. 28 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding four island
areas displaced relative to the underground storage reservoir;
[0053] FIG. 29 is a plan view of an integrated system having a
closed loop distribution piping network for feeding two island
areas displaced laterally in a planar arrangement relative to an
island area located directly above an underground storage
reservoir, wherein three additional island areas are displaced in a
second, remote planar arrangement;
[0054] FIG. 30 is a partial cutaway view illustrating a combination
pipe and drain trench having a quick drain spill basin system;
[0055] FIG. 31 is a plan view of the quick drain spill basin system
of FIG. 30, shown as having a single spill basin and single drain
trench arrangement;
[0056] FIG. 32 is a plan view illustrating the quick drain spill
basin system of the type shown in FIG. 31, with a double spill
basin and double drain trench arrangement;
[0057] FIG. 33 is a partial cutaway view illustrating one version
of an integrated system of the present invention in pre-assembled
form from a factory, ready for on-site installation;
[0058] FIG. 34 is a partial cutaway view illustrating another
version of an integrated system of the present invention in
pre-assembled form from a factory, ready for on-site
installation;
[0059] FIG. 35 is a partial cutaway view illustrating another
version of an integrated system of the present invention, with
distribution heads integrated within the dispensing units and a
spill basin operating in conjunction with an oil-water
separator;
[0060] FIG. 36 is a perspective view illustrating one version of an
enclosure forming part of the improved storage reservoir assembly
of the present invention, having a semi-octagonal
cross-section;
[0061] FIG. 37 is a perspective view illustrating another version
of enclosure forming part of the improved storage reservoir
assembly of the present invention, having a semi-circular
cross-section;
[0062] FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the
relationship of a storage reservoir disposed partially within an
enclosure of the type shown in FIG. 36;
[0063] FIG. 39 is a side view illustrating one embodiment of
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention,
including a storage reservoir disposed within, and attached to, an
enclosure, and a plurality of support units connected to the
reservoir for attachment to an above-ground canopy;
[0064] FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention,
installed within an excavated pit in the ground, and including a
storage reservoir disposed partially within an enclosure of
semi-octagonal cross-section, and atop a support base, with a
support unit connected to the reservoir and attached to a canopy
column;
[0065] FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
embodiment of improved storage reservoir assembly of the present
invention installed within an excavated pit in the ground,
including a reservoir disposed partially within an enclosure of
semi-circular cross-section and an attached support unit;
[0066] FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
embodiment of improved storage reservoir assembly of the present
invention installed within an excavated pit in the ground, wherein
anchor rods are used to assist in maintaining the buried condition
of the reservoir, with the anchor rods and a lower portion of the
reservoir buried in concrete;
[0067] FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
embodiment of improved storage reservoir assembly of the present
invention installed within an excavated pit in the ground, having
an enclosure formed of plywood and wood studs surrounding an
anchored reservoir, wherein the void between the enclosure and
reservoir is filled with concrete;
[0068] FIG. 44 is a side partial cut-away view illustrating an
embodiment of improved storage reservoir assembly of the present
invention in the context of an automobile service station;
[0069] FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
embodiment of storage reservoir which can form a portion of an
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention,
wherein the reservoir is provided with a fluid-tight passageway for
the insertion of a support unit for supporting an above-ground
canopy;
[0070] FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
embodiment of improved storage reservoir assembly of the present
invention, installed within an excavated pit within the ground, and
including the reservoir of FIG. 45 disposed partially within an
enclosure of semi-circular cross-section, with a support unit
disposed within the reservoir passageway;
[0071] FIG. 47 is a side partial cut-away view illustrating the
assembly of FIG. 46 in the context of an automobile service
station;
[0072] FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention
installed within an excavated pit in the ground, including a
reservoir disposed substantially within an enclosure of U-shaped
cross-section and a support unit extending within the
reservoir;
[0073] FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention
installed within an excavated pit in the ground, including a
reservoir disposed substantially within a concrete enclosure of
U-shaped cross-section and an adjacently disposed canopy support
system;
[0074] FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention
installed within an excavated pit in the ground, including a
double-walled reservoir and an attached support unit;
[0075] FIG. 51 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention
installed within an excavated pit in the ground, including a
double-walled reservoir and an adjacently disposed canopy support
system;
[0076] FIG. 52 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another
improved storage reservoir assembly of the present invention
installed within an excavated pit in the ground wherein a reservoir
with attached support unit is located within a concrete U-shaped
enclosure poured directly against U-shaped excavated ground
walls;
[0077] FIG. 53 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system
with a portion of a distribution system located within primary and
secondary above-ground canopies; and
[0078] FIG. 54 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an
integrated underground storage reservoir and canopy support system
with a portion of a distribution system located within a primary
above-ground canopy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS
[0079] It should be understood that while this invention is
described in connection with particular examples, the scope of the
invention need not be so limited. Rather, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that the following teachings can be used in a much
wider variety of applications than the examples specifically
mentioned herein.
[0080] Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown an integrated
underground storage reservoir and above-ground canopy support
system, generally at 10. The integrated system 10 includes a
storage reservoir 12, of the type suitable for being buried below
the ground surface, such as in an excavated pit 14. The storage
reservoir 12 is suitable for the storage of a fluid, such as
automobile fuel, heating fuel or any other type of fluid for which
it is advantageous for the fluid to be located underground. The
storage reservoir 12 may be of any suitable construction and may be
of any suitable size and shape. The storage reservoir 12 shown in
FIG. 1 is a 30,000 gallon tank, although it will be realized that
any suitable size may be used without departing from the principles
of the present invention.
[0081] The remainder of the volume within the excavated pit 14 that
is not taken by the storage reservoir 12 is preferably filled with
a material suitable for supporting the storage reservoir 12, while
allowing for drainage around the storage reservoir 12 to occur.
Preferably, the backfill material used is pea gravel 15, due to its
ability to pack and exhibit a minimum of settling. It will be
appreciated that other materials, such as sand, may also be
used.
[0082] The storage reservoir 12 may be of a single-compartment or a
multi-compartment design. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
storage reservoir 12 is provided to include two compartments,
namely, a first compartment 16 and a second compartment 18. These
two compartments are disposed horizontally relative to each other,
although it will be realized that any suitable compartment
arrangement may also be used. Multi-compartment designs for the
storage reservoir 12 may be utilized for the storage of multiple
grades of automobile fuel, as is commonly done at gasoline service
stations. The storage reservoir 12 may also typically include an
oil-water separator 20, of a size and at a location suitable for
achieving the desired separation effect.
[0083] The storage reservoir 12 is preferably located substantially
completely beneath the ground surface, designated by the numeral
22. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, representative of a
automobile service station, a concrete driveway 24 is commonly
located upon the ground surface 22 over a substantial surface area
of the service station premises.
[0084] The integrated system 10 also includes a support system that
is disposed in communication with, or adjacent to, the storage
reservoir 12. The support system is suitable for projecting above
the ground level when the reservoir is in a buried condition within
the ground. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the support system
includes a first support unit 26 and a second support unit 28. As
shown in FIG. 1, the first and second support units 26 and 28
extend within, and are supported in part by, the storage reservoir
12. In one preferred embodiment, these support units are attached
directly to the surfaces of the storage reservoir 12. As shown in
FIG. 1, the first and second support units 26 and 28 are attached
directly to the lower interior surface of the storage reservoir 12
through the use of bearing plates 30 and 32. The bearing plates 30
and 32 are attached to the surface of the storage reservoir 12
through a suitable method such as welding. In similar manner, the
first and second support units 26 and 28 are also attached directly
to the upper exterior surface of the storage reservoir 12, through
the use of bearing plates 34 and 36. These bearing plates are also
attached directly to the surface of the storage reservoir 12 by any
suitable means, such as by welding. It will be appreciated that the
first and second support units 26 and 28 may be attached to the
surfaces of the storage reservoir 12 through any suitable means,
and at locations other than those described in connection with FIG.
1.
[0085] The first and second support units 26 and 28 are also shown
to include canopy support platforms 38 and 40 disposed at or about
ground level. These canopy support platforms assist in stabilizing
the upper portions of the first and second support units 26 and 28,
as well as the canopy structure which will be described in greater
detail below. As shown in FIG. 1, the first support unit 26 and the
second support unit 28 extend above the ground surface 22 over a
distance sufficient for supporting one or more canopy units at the
desired height. Although the first and second support units 26 and
28 are shown to be of a generally vertical configuration, it will
be realized that these support units may take on any suitable
construction and configuration that may be suitable for achieving
the desired support. The above-ground portions of the first and
second support units 26 and 28 may optionally be covered in any
suitable way, to provide an aesthetic appearance for the support
units. As shown in FIG. 1, the first support shroud 42 and second
support shroud 44 cover the first and second support units 26 and
28, respectively. These shrouds may also be suitable for concealing
any piping networks or venting apparatus that accompany the
components of the integrated system 10 as described herein. One
example of such a piping system is shown in U.S. Pat. No.
5,244,307, entitled "Anti-pollution Piping and Dispensing System",
issued to the present inventor, and incorporated by reference
herein.
[0086] With reference still to FIG. 1, the first support unit 26
and second support unit 28 of the integrated system 10 are operable
for supporting at least one canopy for providing shelter from the
weather while accessing the storage reservoir 12. In the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, the support units 26 and 28 operate to support two
canopies, namely, a primary canopy 46 and a secondary canopy 48.
The primary canopy 46 is typically large enough to provide shelter
for service station customers accessing the storage reservoir 12
from any of the service islands 50, 52 or 54. The primary canopy 46
is also typically large enough to shelter vehicles parked adjacent
the service islands. In this arrangement, service station customers
can exit and enter their vehicles within the protection of the
canopy. Extended coverage for the primary canopy 46 is also
advantageous because it still allows the primary canopy 46 to
provide shelter from wind-blown precipitation. Further, the primary
canopy 46 may extend to provide a covered walkway for customers
from the service islands 50, 52 and 54 to the location of the
service station attendant, which may be inside an adjacent service
garage or convenience store located upon the service station
premises. The primary canopy 46 is preferably located at a height
above the ground surface 22 so as to allow tall vehicles, such as
trucks, to be positioned beneath the primary canopy 46.
[0087] In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a secondary
canopy 48 is also provided. The secondary canopy 48 may preferably
be of a size smaller than that of the primary canopy 46. As shown
in FIG. 1, the secondary canopy 48 is of a length less than that of
the primary canopy 46. In addition, the secondary canopy 48 is
constructed of a width similar to that of any of the dispensing
units 56, 58 and 60 located upon the service islands 50, 52 and 54.
This positioning of the secondary canopy 48 allows the piping
network associated with the distribution system to be located
within the secondary canopy 48, as will be described in greater
detail below. It will be appreciated that this arrangement for the
primary canopy 46 and the secondary canopy 48 is only one of many
suitable arrangements. For example, the primary canopy 46 can also
contain piping associated with the distribution system.
[0088] The service islands 50, 52 and 54 are typically provided on
service station premises as a raised surface for the protection of
the dispensing units 56, 58 and 60 from damage and moisture.
However, it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the
service islands 50, 52 and 54 may be located along the same level
as the concrete driveway 24. The dispensing units 56, 58 and 60 may
be of any suitable type for the dispensing of fluid from the
storage reservoir 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
dispensing units 56, 58 and 60 are of a type commonly seen at
automobile service stations for the dispensing of multiple grades
of automobile fuel. As such, the dispensing units may include pumps
which dispense fuel from within the storage reservoir 12.
[0089] One advantage of the integrated system 10 involves access to
the components of the system at a single, sheltered location. As
previously mentioned, this type of arrangement eliminates the need
for extensive underground piping systems which are subject to
service and/or maintenance. No underground piping is thus required
in this system for feeding the dispensing units. Also as part of
this arrangement, the storage reservoir 12 is shown to include at
least one filling line located within the protection of the canopy.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the storage reservoir 12
includes two filling lines 62 and 64 for filling the first
compartment 16 and the second compartment 18 of the storage
reservoir 12. The storage reservoir 12 also includes vapor recovery
ports 66 and 68, also associated with the first compartment 16 and
the second compartment 18. The vapor recovery ports 66 and 68 are
typical in the automobile fuel industry for allowing the recovery
of fuel vapors (a Phase I recovery) from within the storage
reservoir 12 when the storage reservoir 12 is filled. Thus, another
advantage of the present invention is the ability of the integrated
system 10 to provide enhanced pollution control through minimum
piping for vapor recovery as well.
[0090] The integrated system 10 also includes a delivery system for
the delivery of fluid from within the storage reservoir 12 to an
above-ground location. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
delivery system includes discharge lines 70 and 72 with associated
submersible pumps 74 and 76. Automobile fuel stored within the
first compartment 16 and the second compartment 18 is pumped by the
submersible pumps 74 and 76 through the discharge lines 70 and 72
to the distribution heads 78 and 80. For convenience, the
distribution heads 78 and 80 are shown to be located atop the
service island 52, near the filling lines 62 and 64. In such an
arrangement, the operating equipment of the integrated system 10 is
centrally located for convenient access. Alternatively, it will be
appreciated that any suitable location for the filling lines, the
vapor recovery ports and the components of the delivery system may
be used. For example, the distribution heads 78 and 80 may be
located within the primary canopy 46 or the secondary canopy 48.
This type of arrangement removes the distribution heads from upon
the service islands, for enhancing appearance of the integrated
system 10 as a whole. It will be appreciated that this, and any
other alternate arrangements, are available for any of the
embodiments described herein.
[0091] The integrated system 10 also includes a distribution system
for the distribution of fluid from the storage reservoir 12 that is
brought to the surface by the delivery system. The purpose of the
distribution system, therefore, is to distribute fluid from the
storage reservoir 12 as may be required through an above-ground
arrangement. One advantage of the distribution system of the
present invention is that it provides above-ground piping networks
that can be easily serviced and maintained as necessary, without
excavation of underground piping networks in previous systems. The
distribution system is shown to include distribution lines 82, 84,
86 and 88. These distribution lines provide means for the transport
of fuel from the distribution heads 78 and 80 to the dispensing
units 56, 58 and 60. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
distribution lines 82 and 84 travel in a generally vertical
direction upon the first support unit 26 and second support unit 28
to the secondary canopy 48. The distribution lines 86 and 88 are
connected to the distribution lines 82 and 84 and allow for the
transport of fuel to the dispensing units 56, 58 and 60. As shown
in FIG. 1, the distribution lines 86 and 88 are located within the
secondary canopy 48. It will be realized that in alternative
embodiments, any suitable above-ground arrangement for the
distribution lines may be used, including locating these lines at
least in part within the primary canopy. The secondary canopy 48
may be of sufficient size to allow the distribution system to reach
other service islands. Alternatively, the secondary canopy may only
be of a size sufficient for the distribution system to be routed to
other service islands in a single row. In such a situation, the
lines of the distribution system for feeding other service islands
disposed in adjacent rows can be placed within the primary canopy
46. In yet another embodiment, where the secondary canopy is
discontinuous along a single row of service islands, the piping of
the distribution system is also routed through the primary canopy
46.
[0092] The distribution system also includes vents 90 and 92 which
provide an air source for the storage tank 12 when fluid is
withdrawn from the storage reservoir 12. The vents 90 and 92
typically each include a check valve (not shown) so that vapors
from within the storage reservoir 12 are not vented to the
atmosphere.
[0093] The integrated system 10 may also include additional support
units for maintaining the support of large primary and/or secondary
canopies relative to the ground. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1,
the integrated system 10 includes auxiliary support units 94 and 96
disposed adjacent the service islands 50 and 54. The auxiliary
support units 94 and 96 are anchored by concrete footings 98 and
100 for stabilization purposes. It will be appreciated that the
auxiliary support units may be disposed at any location suitable
for supporting the primary and/or secondary canopies, and may also
be anchored or otherwise supported in any suitable way for
achieving the desired support.
[0094] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a plan view of the
embodiment shown in FIG. 1. From this perspective, the relationship
between the underground storage reservoir 12 and the service
islands 50, 52 and 54 is shown. This view illustrates the
convenience of the integrated system 10 of the present invention.
As can be seen in FIG. 2, all of the primary components of the
integrated system 10 are located in a convenient, central and
sheltered location, with a minimum of piping located beneath ground
level.
[0095] Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a cross-sectional
view of an integrated system 110 according to a preferred
embodiment of the present invention. The integrated system 110 is
similar in many respects to the integrated system 10 shown in
connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. The integrated system 110 is shown
to include a storage reservoir 112. In this embodiment, the storage
reservoir 112 is shown to be of a substantially circular
cross-section, although it will be appreciated that any suitable
shape or size may be used. The storage reservoir 112 is
substantially buried within an excavated pit 114 located below the
ground surface 116, in similar manner as before. The remainder of
the volume within the excavated pit 114 that is not taken by the
storage reservoir 112 is preferably filled with a material suitable
for supporting the storage reservoir 112, while allowing for
drainage around the storage reservoir 112 to occur. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 3, pea gravel 118 surrounds the storage
reservoir 112 within the excavated pit 114. In similar manner as
before, a concrete driveway 120 is disposed above the ground
surface 116 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, indicative of a
service station premises.
[0096] The integrated system 110 is shown to include a support unit
122, disposed in a substantially vertical direction, within the
storage reservoir 112, and projecting above the ground surface 116,
in similar manner as before. The support unit 122 includes means
for engaging the storage reservoir 112. In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 3, this is provided as a lower bearing plate 124 having a
substantially circular cross-section to match the lower interior
surface of the storage reservoir 112. Accordingly, the lower
bearing plate 124 is preferably attached to the interior lower
surface of the storage reservoir 112, through means such as
welding. The support unit 122 is also shown to include an upper
bearing plate 126, also having a substantially circular
cross-section. The upper bearing plate 126 is attached to the upper
exterior surface of the storage reservoir 112, such as by welding
or the like. The lower bearing plate 124 and the upper bearing
plate 126 are shown to include gussets 128 and 130 for providing
reinforcement between the support unit 122 and the lower and upper
bearing plates 124 and 126. It will be appreciated that any
suitable support structure may be used to reinforce the connection
between the support unit 122 and the lower and upper bearing plates
124 and 126.
[0097] The support unit 122 is shown to include a canopy support
platform 132, for stabilization purposes, in similar manner as
before. The integrated system 110 includes a primary canopy 134 and
a secondary canopy 136, each of which are supported at least in
part by the support unit 122. The support unit 122 is shown to pass
through a service island 138, which assists in its support. A
dispensing unit 140 is located atop the service island 138 for
dispensing fluid from within the storage reservoir 112. In similar
manner as before, the secondary canopy 136 may include the piping
elements of the dispensing system (not shown), as previously
described.
[0098] With reference now to FIG. 4, there is shown another
preferred embodiment of the present invention in cross-section. An
integrated system 150 is provided in similar form to the integrated
systems previously described. In this arrangement, a storage
reservoir 152 is located within an excavated pit 154 below the
ground surface 156. Pea gravel 158 surrounds the storage reservoir
152, and a concrete driveway 160 is disposed above the ground
surface 156 in similar manner as before.
[0099] In this arrangement, however, a support unit 162 is
provided, which does not extend through the storage reservoir 152.
Instead, the support unit 162 is attached to the upper exterior
surface of the storage reservoir 152 and is reinforced for
stability. The support unit 162 includes an upper bearing plate
164, that is of substantially circular cross-section for
substantially matching the upper surface of the storage reservoir
152. In similar manner as before, gussets 166 are used to reinforce
the connection between the support unit 162 and the upper bearing
plate 164. The upper bearing plate 164 may preferably be attached
to the storage reservoir 152 by welding or other suitable method.
To provide reinforcement between the support unit 162, the storage
reservoir 152, the gussets 166 and the surrounding pea gravel 158,
a concrete footing 168 is provided. The concrete footing is applied
to substantially surround the connection between the support unit
162 and the storage reservoir 152. In such an arrangement, the
concrete footing 168 provides an anchor for the support unit 162
and also stabilizes the support unit 162 within the pea gravel
158.
[0100] The support unit 162 is further shown to include a canopy
support platform 170, in similar manner as before. The canopy
support platform 170 is located at approximately the same level as
the service island 172, also in similar manner as before. In this
arrangement, a single canopy, designated by the numeral 174, is
suspended above the ground surface 156 by the support unit 162.
[0101] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
provided in FIG. 5. This FIG. shows the concrete reinforcement
arrangement of FIG. 4, with the extension of the support unit
through the storage reservoir, as in FIG. 3. More specifically,
FIG. 5 shows an integrated system 200, including a storage
reservoir 202 buried within an excavated pit 204 below the ground
surface 206, and surrounded by pea gravel 208, as before. A
concrete driveway 210, indicative of a service station premises, is
also shown. In this arrangement, however, the support unit 212
extends through the interior of the storage reservoir 202. As such,
the support unit 212 includes a lower bearing plate 214 that is
attached to the lower internal surface of the storage reservoir 202
by welding or the like. An upper bearing plate 216 is attached to
the upper external surface of the storage reservoir 202, also in
similar manner as before. Gussets 218 and 220 are provided for
reinforcing the connection between the support unit 212 and the
lower and upper bearing plates 214 and 216, as before. A concrete
footing 222 is provided, in similar manner as is shown in FIG. 4,
for stabilizing and for providing an anchor for the support unit
212.
[0102] It will therefore be appreciated that varying configurations
may exist for the support units and any concrete footing that may
be used for providing the desired stabilization and anchoring
effect. It will also be appreciated that concrete footings may be
provided at other locations as may be suitable or necessary to
achieve any desired stabilization and/or anchoring. In addition,
the concrete footing 222 may be increased in size and weight in
order to provide greater stabilization in the arrangement where two
canopies are used.
[0103] The support unit 212 shown in FIG. 5 includes a canopy
support platform 224 that extends through a service island 226. The
support unit 212 is shown to extend above the ground surface 206
for supporting a canopy 228. In this embodiment, a single canopy
design is shown; however, it will be realized that a multiple
canopy assembly can also be used.
[0104] Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown an integrated system
250 in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention. The integrated system 250 is shown to include a
storage reservoir 252 located in an excavated pit 254 below the
ground surface 256, with a concrete driveway 258 covering the
ground surface 256, in similar manner as before. In this
embodiment, however, the support system is disposed adjacent to the
storage reservoir 252. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the support
system includes a plurality of support posts 260, 262, 264 and 266
disposed adjacent the storage reservoir 252. The support posts may
preferably be of the type filled with concrete, and are anchored by
concrete footings 268, 270, 272 and 274, located beneath the
storage reservoir 252 at both sides. A pair of support beams 276
and 278 are disposed above the storage reservoir 252 and are
supported by the support posts 260, 262, 264 and 266.
[0105] The support system shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 also includes
support units 280 and 282. These support units are disposed upon
the central portions of the support beams 276 and 278, and they
project above the ground surface for supporting an above-ground
canopy system. In this arrangement, a primary canopy 284 and a
secondary canopy 286 are provided, in similar manner as in FIG. 1.
Alternatively, it will be recognized that any suitable canopy
arrangement may be used. The primary and secondary canopies are
also supported by auxiliary support units 288 and 289, which are
anchored by concrete footings 290 and 291, respectively, in a
similar manner as described in connection with FIG. 1. Also in a
similar manner, the support units 280 and 282 and the auxiliary
support units 288 and 289 are secured in a substantially stationary
position by being disposed within the concrete making up the
service islands 292, 293 and 294.
[0106] The remaining components of the integrated system 250,
including those comprising the delivery system, distribution
system, dispensing units and venting system, are substantially
similar to those components described in connection with FIG. 1.
Therefore, they are not described in detail again here.
[0107] With reference now to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, there are shown
three different embodiments of support systems, wherein each
support system is disposed adjacent to, but substantially not in
contact with, the underground storage reservoir. Since FIG. 8 shows
a cross-sectional view including substantially the same components
shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, like reference numerals will be used to
describe these components in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is shown to include an
integrated system 250 having a storage reservoir 252 located within
an excavated pit 254, with a concrete driveway 258, as previously
described. Support posts 260 and 262 extend vertically above
concrete footings 268 and 270 located at the bottom of the
excavated pit 254. In this arrangement, the support posts 260 and
262 suspend the support beam 276 above the upper surface of the
storage reservoir 252. Thus, a support system is created wherein
the support system components are substantially free from contact
with the storage reservoir 252. A support unit 280 is shown to
project above the ground surface from the center of the support
beam 276 for supporting the primary canopy 284 and secondary canopy
286. The service island 297 also provides additional support for
the support unit 280.
[0108] Referring now to FIG. 9, a similar arrangement is shown for
the support system. In this arrangement, however, the concrete
footings 268 and 270 are replaced by a concrete slab 295 that is
disposed at the floor of the excavated pit 254. This arrangement
may provide additional support for the storage reservoir 252. In
addition, FIG. 9 shows that the service islands are no longer in a
raised condition above the concrete driveway 258.
[0109] Referring now to FIG. 10, there is shown another version of
the integrated system 250. In this arrangement, the support beam
276 is supported directly by concrete footings 296 and 297, instead
of by the support posts 260 and 262 described in connection with
FIGS. 8 and 9. In addition, bumper guards 298 and 299 have been
added to protect the support units and dispensing units from
damage.
[0110] With reference now to FIG. 11, there is shown another
preferred embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 11
shows an integrated system generally at 300. The integrated system
300 includes a storage reservoir 302 that is buried beneath ground
level, and includes an oil-water separator 303. A concrete driveway
304 is again shown. In this arrangement, however, the integrated
system 300 includes support units 306, 308 and 310 that are
anchored within service islands 312, 314 and 316, respectively, by
concrete footing 317 and within the reservoir 302, as shown, in
similar manner as before. Dispensing units 318, 320 and 322 are
located upon the service islands 312, 314 and 316,
respectively.
[0111] A primary canopy 324 is provided in this arrangement, while
the secondary canopy present in the previously described
embodiments is now divided into three secondary canopy sections,
designated 326, 328 and 330. In this arrangement, a pipe race 332
is provided between the support units 306, 308 and 310 for
containing the various lines of the distribution system, since the
secondary canopy is of a discontinuous arrangement in this
embodiment. Since the storage reservoir 302 is shown to be of a
three-compartment design, three distribution heads 334, 336 and 338
are provided to access the three compartments. Accordingly, the
distribution piping (not shown) may now be disposed within or upon
the support units 306, 308 and 310 as well as through the pipe race
332. In this arrangement, fluid from the storage reservoir 302 is
transported up to the primary canopy 324 and then down any of the
respective support units for distribution to any of the dispensing
units 318, 320 or 322. It will be appreciated, as before, that the
piping of the distribution system may be disposed either within or
upon the outside of the support units 306, 308 and 310. Suitable
shrouds or other coverings may be desired to cover
externally-located piping upon the support units to provide an
aesthetic appearance. In addition, vents 340, 342 and 344 are
provided for the individual compartments of the storage reservoir
302, as before.
[0112] Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown yet another preferred
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows an integrated
system 350 including a storage reservoir 352, with support units
354 and 356 extending through the interior of the storage reservoir
352 and above ground level. The support units 354 and 356 support a
primary canopy 358 and a secondary canopy 360. In this arrangement,
however, the dispensing system is of a different configuration. The
integrated system 350 includes a first dispensing unit 362 and a
second dispensing unit 364, to which a first distribution head 366
and a second distribution head 368 are connected, to provide fluid
from within the storage reservoir 352. The distribution heads 366
and 368 are located near the first and second dispensing units 362
and 364, so that the lines of the distribution system, namely, the
first distribution line 370 and the second distribution line 372,
can be disposed directly along the dispensing units. This
arrangement provides an enhanced aesthetic appearance. As shown in
FIG. 12, these distribution lines can be located either within or
upon the exterior surface of the dispensing units. For example, the
first distribution line 370 is disposed within the interior of the
first dispensing unit 362, while the second distribution line 372
is disposed upon the exterior surface of the second dispensing unit
364. The distribution lines can then be routed through the
secondary canopy 360 to distribute fluid from the storage reservoir
352 among multiple dispensing units connected by the same secondary
canopy. In addition, this distribution system allows adjacent
service islands to be connected through a distribution system that
passes through the primary canopy 358. A third distribution line
374 is shown to be disposed between the secondary canopy 360 and
the primary canopy 358 for this purpose.
[0113] In this embodiment, a first support shroud 376 and second
support shroud 378 are disposed upon the above-ground portions of
the support units 354 and 356 to provide an aesthetic appearance.
The support shrouds, as used in any embodiment described herein,
may contain any piping networks or venting apparatus. Accordingly,
as shown in FIG. 12, vents 380 and 382 are disposed within the
first and second support shrouds 376 and 378, to allow air to enter
the storage reservoir 352 as it is emptied.
[0114] The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 also includes alternative
arrangements for the filling lines 384 and 386 and accompanying
vapor recovery ports 388 and 390. These are shown to be located
laterally relative to the dispensing units, as opposed to the
central location previously described. It will therefore be
appreciated that the filling lines and vapor recovery ports can be
located at any suitable position. The reservoir 352 is also shown
to include an oil-water separator 391, as before.
[0115] The support units 354 and 356, like the support units
described throughout, may preferably be provided as a two-piece
assembly, wherein the portions designated 354 and 356 are the lower
portions disposed within the storage reservoir 352. The support
units 354 and 356 preferably include support covers 392 and 394,
which are suitable for attachment by any suitable means, such as by
welding, to the lower support platforms 396 and 398. The lower
support platforms are preferably integrally formed with the
remaining upper support portion of each two-piece support assembly,
designated 400 and 402. It will be appreciated that this principle
may apply to any of the embodiments described herein.
[0116] Another feature of the present invention that may apply to
any embodiment described herein is the use of one or more manholes
to provide access to the interior of the reservoir 352. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 12, five manholes are shown at 404, 406,
408, 410 and 412. The manholes may be covered by any suitable
means, such as through covers 414, 416, 418, 420 and 422. The
manhole covers are typically secured by bolting. Any of the manhole
covers may include an attached porthole, such as that shown at 424,
for direct access from above ground. The manholes allow for any
repairs of the reservoir that may become necessary, and also
provide a means for locating ports for the connection of the
various distribution and venting lines to the reservoir 352. The
manholes are typically from 18 to 36 inches diameter, depending
upon the particular need. As may be the case for any embodiment
shown herein, the various distribution and venting lines may
preferably be connected to the reservoir 352 through a bunghole
located upon the upper surface of the reservoir 352 or upon any of
the manhole covers, such as that referenced at 426.
[0117] Yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
shown in FIG. 13. This figure shows a storage reservoir 450, which
may be of the type shown in any of the embodiments previously
described. The storage reservoir 450 is shown in the condition
following manufacture, for delivery to a service station or other
site for in-ground installation. Thus, the storage reservoir 450
can be provided in this condition, ready for installation in an
excavated pit, and ready for the connection of all of the
previously-described features of the integrated system at the
locations provided.
[0118] To summarize, the storage reservoir 450 is provided with
support units 452 and 454 which are preferably secured to the
reservoir wall. The support units 452 and 454 include support
covers 456 and 458, for the direct attachment of upper portions of
the support units corresponding to the canopy system as previously
described. The reservoir 450 includes an oil-water separator 460.
Manholes are provided at 462, 464, 466, 468 and 470, for accessing
the interior of the reservoir 450. Manhole covers are provided at
472, 474, 476, 478 and 480, for substantially closing the manholes.
In addition, multiple bungholes are provided at 482, 484, 486, 490,
492, 496, 498 and 500, for the connection of the various support
units, dispensing and venting lines and filling and vapor recovery
lines. Welds are also provided at 488 and 494 for enhancing the
engagement of the support units 452 and 454 with the manhole covers
474 and 478.
[0119] Yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
shown in partial cross-sectional view and in plan view, in FIGS. 14
and 15, respectively. These figures show a distribution system and
recovery system that is located at a shallow depth beneath ground
level, yet provides a minimum of piping due to its location and
configuration within the integrated system. This arrangement is
intended to provide maximum serviceability, a minimum amount of
piping and reduced amounts of distribution system piping visible at
an above-ground level. Typically, the distribution system piping
will be located less than three feet below ground level, and
preferably as shallow as possible. FIGS. 14 and 15 show an
integrated system, generally at 600. The integrated system 600
includes a storage reservoir 602, which may be of the type shown in
any of the embodiments previously described. It will be appreciated
that any of the embodiments described herein are intended to share
suitable features from other embodiments, such that features from
two or more different embodiments may be combined in any desired
favorable arrangement. The storage reservoir 602 is again shown in
the condition following manufacture, for delivery to a service
station or other cite for in-ground installation. Thus, as before,
the storage reservoir 602 can be provided in this condition, ready
for installation in an excavated pit, such as that shown at 604,
and ready for the connection of all of the features of the
integrated system 600 at the locations provided. The storage
reservoir 602 may be of a two-compartment construction, in similar
manner as before. Thus, two different grades of automobile fuel or
other fluid being stored within the storage reservoir 602 may be
included within the first compartment 606 and the second
compartment 608. Alternatively, the storage reservoir having any
suitable number of compartments may be used. The storage reservoir
602 includes an optional oil-water separator 610. Preferably, as
before, the storage reservoir 602 is located beneath the ground
surface 612 upon which a concrete driveway 614 has been
constructed.
[0120] In similar manner as before, one feature of the integrated
system 600 involves the integrated inclusion of a first support
unit 616 and a second support unit 618 extending from the storage
reservoir 602, through the ground surface 612 and concrete driveway
614, and extending upward in a generally vertical direction for
supporting a canopy system to be described below. Although the
first support unit 616 and the second support unit 618 may be
connected with the storage reservoir 602 in many suitable ways,
including those described elsewhere herein, FIGS. 14 and 15 show
the first support unit 616 and the second support unit 618 to be
connected by welding or other suitable means to the lower interior
surface of the storage reservoir 602 through bearing plates 620 and
622. The first support unit 616 and the second support unit 618 are
also preferably secured with respect to the upper surface of the
storage reservoir 602 through the use of bungholes 624 and 626.
Alternatively, it will be appreciated that bearing plates may be
utilized at this location. In addition, it will further be
appreciated that bungholes may be used at some or all of the
connection ports along the upper surface of the storage reservoir
602, although for purposes of brevity, they are not individually
numbered. As before, the first support unit 616 and the second
support unit 618 include canopy support platforms 628 and 630 for
connection to the support units used to suspend the canopy system
above the ground.
[0121] The integrated system 600 also includes a canopy system for
protecting service station customers from the weather. In the
embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the canopy system includes a
primary canopy 632 that is supported above the ground through
canopy support units 634, 636, 638 and 640. The canopy support
units 636 and 638 are supported directly by the first support unit
616 and second support unit 618 and are connected to the support
units through the canopy support platforms 628 and 630. The canopy
support units 634 and 640, which are not directly integrated with
the storage reservoir 602, are supported below ground level through
concrete footings 642 and 644.
[0122] In addition to the primary canopy 632, the canopy system may
also include a secondary canopy, which may take one of several
different forms. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the
secondary canopy is provided in three secondary canopy sections
646, 648 and 650. These secondary canopy sections are located
beneath the primary canopy 632 and, in the form shown in FIG. 14,
serve as individual covers for the dispensing units discussed
below. Alternatively, it will be appreciated that the secondary
canopy may be a continuous canopy structure of the same or
different size relative to the primary canopy 632. The integrated
system 600 is also shown to include service islands 652, 654 and
656 upon which the dispensing of fluid from the storage reservoir
602 can be conducted. Preferably, the service islands 652, 654 and
656 are elevated concrete structures above the level of the
concrete driveway 614. Disposed upon the service islands 652, 654
and 656 are dispensing units 658, 660 and 662. The dispensing units
are operable for the dispensing of one or more grades of fluid,
such as automobile fuel, from within the storage reservoir 602.
[0123] The storage reservoir 602 includes similar features as
previously described for filling and venting of the reservoir. In
this regard, the storage reservoir 602 includes filling lines 664,
665 and 666 for filling the first compartment 606 and the second
compartment 608 of the storage reservoir 602. Two filling lines,
shown at 664 and 665 are provided for filling the larger first
compartment 606, while a single filling line 666 is provided for
filling the smaller second compartment 608. Typically, the grade of
fluid used more frequently (such as regular grade automobile
gasoline) is stored in the larger first compartment 606, while
another lesser-used grade (such as premium grade automobile
gasoline) is stored in the smaller second compartment 608. Thus, a
tanker truck having a two-compartment reservoir for refilling the
storage reservoir 602 may be attached at one reservoir to a first
filling line (such as 664) for the first compartment 606 and at the
other reservoir to a second filling line 666 for the second
compartment 608. Once the second compartment 608 is filled, the
tanker truck filling line can be switched to tap the truck
reservoir feeding the first compartment 606, and this line can be
attached to filling line 665 so that two lines can simultaneously
feed the larger first compartment 606. Thus, use of a three-port
arrangement for filling the storage reservoir 602 can save
time.
[0124] Vapor recovery ports 670 and 672 are provided for extraction
of vapors such as gasoline vapors, from within each compartment of
the storage reservoir 602 upon filling (called Phase I vapor
recovery). Check valves 674 and 675 are provided on the vapor
recovery ports 670 and 672 to prevent direct venting to the
atmosphere. Vent lines 676, 677 and 678 allow for venting of excess
pressure to the atmosphere when necessary.
[0125] The integrated system 600 also includes a delivery system
for delivery of fluid from within the storage reservoir 602 to an
above-ground level. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15,
this is provided to include discharge lines 680 and 682 in
communication with submersible pumps 684 and 686 for the extraction
of fluid from within the first compartment 606 and second
compartment 608, respectively, of the storage reservoir 602.
Distribution heads 688 and 690 are provided above the discharge
lines 680 and 682 for the distribution of fluid to the dispensing
units 658, 660 and 662. Although the distribution heads 688 and 690
are shown to be located at an above-ground level, it will be
appreciated that the distribution heads may be located below ground
level or, alternatively, may be positioned at a higher above-ground
location, such as within one of the overhead canopies.
[0126] The integrated system 600 also includes a distribution
system. The distribution system in this embodiment is located
substantially below ground level to minimize the amount of exposed
piping visible to service station customers upon the above-ground
premises. However, the distribution system is largely located just
below ground level and in substantially parallel relation in order
to provide maximum serviceability and a minimum amount of piping.
It will therefore be appreciated that this invention contemplates
the placement of distribution system equipment at above-ground or
below-ground locations in arrangements that provide maximum
serviceability and minimum piping. Above-ground and below-ground
distribution system equipment may largely be arranged in similar
configurations, and may even be substantial mirror images of each
other. Preferably, all of the piping making up the distribution
system is of a double-walled nature, although it will be
appreciated that any suitable type of piping may be used.
[0127] Accordingly, the distribution system includes a distribution
manifold 692 that is operable for distributing fluid from the
distribution heads 688 and 690 to the dispensing units 658, 660 and
662. A return manifold 694 is also provided for the return of fluid
and vapors to the storage reservoir 602 (Phase II recovery). The
distribution system further includes distribution lines 696, 698
and 700, each attached to one of the dispensing units 658, 660 and
662, for the transfer of one grade of fluid to the dispensing units
658, 660 and 662. Also connected to the dispensing units 658, 660
and 662 are a plurality of recovery lines 702, 704 and 706 for the
return of fluid and vapors (Phase II recovery) from the dispensing
units 658, 660 and 662 into the return manifold 694, for transfer
back to the storage reservoir 602. In addition, distribution lines
708, 710 and 712 are each attached to one of the dispensing units
658, 660 and 662, for the transfer of a second grade of fluid to
the dispensing units 658, 660 and 662. It will be appreciated that
additional distribution lines may be provided in the same general
manner for the distribution of fluid to other service islands
located upon the service station premises. In the situation where a
third grade of fluid is distributed by the dispensing units 658,
660 and 662, a blending pump (not shown) of the type well-known to
those skilled in the art is provided within any or all of the
dispensing units 658, 660 and 662 to blend the two available grades
of fluid to produce a third, intermediate grade. Alternatively, it
will be appreciated that a three-compartment storage reservoir may
also be used, with three sets of associated distribution piping for
the three fluid grades. It will also be appreciated that the piping
manifold system as shown in FIG. 15 can also be substantially
duplicated beneath adjacent service station islands, and supplied
by the submersible pumps 688 and 690. In addition, optional drip
pans 714, 716 and 718 are provided at the base of each dispensing
unit 658, 660 and 662 for the collection of fluid in liquid form
that may be spilled during dispensing. Optionally, the drip pans
714, 716 and 718 may be connected by suitable piping (not shown)
for return of fluid to the storage reservoir 602.
[0128] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
shown with respect to FIGS. 16 and 17, which show a partial
cross-sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of an alternate
construction embodiment. In this embodiment, the amount of visible
delivery system and distribution system equipment is reduced even
further, as compared to the previous embodiment. It will be noted
that for purposes of avoiding redundancy, most of the features set
forth in the previous embodiment are repeated here, with the
exception of the changes to certain features noted below.
Therefore, several elements making up the integrated system are not
repeated in the description below for this embodiment.
[0129] FIGS. 16 and 17 show an integrated system generally at 750.
The integrated system 750 includes a storage reservoir 752 that is
substantially of the same design and configuration as the storage
reservoir 602 previously described. In this arrangement, however, a
pair of sumps 754 and 756 are provided beneath ground level to
contain some of the components of the delivery and distribution
systems previously described. The filling lines 758 and 760 for the
storage reservoir 752 are changed in their location to be located
within the sumps 754 and 756. A third, optional, filling line 759
is provided in similar manner as before, and may also be located
within a sump if desired. The vapor recovery ports 762 and 764 for
the Phase I recovery of the vapors from within the storage
reservoir 752 during filling are also located within the sumps 754
and 756. In similar manner as before, the vapor recovery ports 762
and 764 are in communication with the vent lines 766 and 768. The
distribution heads 770 and 772, which operate to extract fluid from
within the storage reservoir 752, are also located within the sumps
754 and 756. It will be appreciated in this embodiment as well that
additional distribution lines may be provided in the same general
manner as before for the distribution of fluid to other service
islands located upon the service station premises.
[0130] Thus, in this arrangement, an additional amount of equipment
necessary for filling the storage reservoir 752 and for
accomplishing the delivery and distribution of fluid from the
reservoir is located within a serviceable and accessible location
below ground level. Manhole covers 774 and 776 are preferably
disposed across the upper edge of the sumps 754 and 756 so as to
provide a cover that is preferably substantially flush with the
surrounding surface. It will be noted that the surrounding surface
may be the upper surface of one of the service islands previously
described, or may alternatively be the surface of the concrete
driveway previously described.
[0131] Yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 18, which illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of this
embodiment of the present invention. An integrated system 800 is
provided, which shares many of the same features shown in FIG. 1.
Accordingly, many of the features of that embodiment remain
unchanged in this embodiment. Therefore, for purposes of brevity,
those features that are unchanged are not repeated in the
description here. In this embodiment, discharge lines 804 and 806,
provided for the extraction of fluid from within the storage
reservoir 802, are extended in length so that they travel
vertically along the canopy support units 808 and 810, instead of
terminating just above ground level as before. In this arrangement,
distribution heads 812 and 814, to which the discharge lines 804
and 806 are connected, are located within the secondary canopy 816.
Alternatively, the distribution heads 812 and 814 may also be
located within the primary canopy 818. Location of the distribution
heads 812 and 814 within the primary canopy 818 may be preferable
where the secondary canopy 816 is instead provided in discontinuous
segments, as in the previous embodiment. However, where the
secondary canopy 816 is a continuous canopy, location of the
distribution heads 812 and 814 within the secondary canopy 816 is
suitable for the desired result.
[0132] Distribution lines 820 and 822 are provided within the
secondary canopy 816 for the distribution of fluid from within the
storage reservoir 802 to the dispensing units 824, 826 and 828. It
will be appreciated that additional distribution lines may also be
provided in this embodiment for the distribution of fluid to other
service islands. Such additional distribution lines may pass
through the secondary canopy (if connected to other islands), the
primary canopy (if connected to other islands) or underground as
desired. Phase II recovery lines 830 and 832 are also shown to pass
through the secondary canopy 816 to the dispensing units 824, 826
and 828. Recovery lines 834, 836 and 838 are also provided within
the secondary canopy 816 for the return of vapors from the three
dispensing units 824, 826 and 828 to the reservoir 802. The
placement of the vapor recovery lines within the secondary canopy
816 further reduces the amount of underground piping. This vapor
recovery piping may also be located in the primary canopy.
[0133] FIG. 18 also shows an alternate arrangement for the
distribution heads from that shown in previous embodiments. In this
arrangement, additional distribution heads 840 and 842 are provided
above ground level upon the service island, and are covered by
enclosures 844 and 846 for aesthetic purposes. This arrangement
also allows the submersible pumps 848 and 850 to be removed from
within the reservoir with greater ease by simply lifting the
distribution heads 840 and 842. This embodiment reduces the amount
of delivery system and distribution system equipment that is
observable by service station customers at ground level. It also
allows for serviceability of the distribution pumps and heads and a
substantial amount of the piping associated with the distribution
system.
[0134] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is
shown in FIG. 19. FIG. 19 shows an integrated system, generally at
900. In this embodiment of the invention, the concrete island
referred to in previous embodiments is not present. There is a
trend in automobile service station construction to eliminate the
concrete islands disposed in a raised fashion upon the concrete
driveway of the service station premises. Thus, in this embodiment,
two dispensing units 902 and 904 are shown to be disposed directly
upon a concrete driveway 906. Guardposts 908 and 910 are provided
at the ends of the former island areas to protect the dispensing
units 902 and 904 from contact by vehicles upon the service station
premises. The guardposts 908 and 910 may preferably be reinforced
in their secured positions upon the concrete driveway 906 by
anchoring with concrete bases 912 and 914.
[0135] In this arrangement, it will be appreciated that any
suitable number of dispensing units may be used, although two are
shown in FIG. 19. Further, it will be appreciated that this
embodiment may include any variation of features described in any
of the embodiments herein. For example, the support unit, canopy
arrangement and underground storage tank is shown to be similar to
that described in connection with previous embodiments, although it
will be realized that any suitable arrangement may be used. For
this reason, the canopy, underground storage tank and support units
are not described again in detail here.
[0136] In this embodiment, plastic sumps 916 and 918 are shown to
be located beneath the dispensing units 902 and 904. The plastic
sumps 916 and 918 are provided to isolate the areas of the
distribution system for easy serviceability and/or maintenance.
Accordingly, the plastic sumps 916 and 918 provide a hollow
enclosure intended to keep these components free from contact with
the surrounding earth and concrete making up the concrete driveway
906. Although the sumps 916 and 918 are typically made out of a
plastic material reinforced with steel, it will be appreciated that
any suitable construction may also be used. The components of the
distribution system that are shielded by the plastic sumps 916 and
918 include distribution lines 920, 922, 924 and 926, which feed
two separate grades of fluid to the dispensing units 902 and 904.
The sumps 916 and 918 also enclose a portion of the Phase II
recovery lines 928 and 930 where they feed into the dispensing
units 902 and 904. In addition, emergency valves 932, 934, 936 and
938, located where the distribution lines 920, 922, 924 and 926
feed into the dispensing units 902 and 904, are also protected by
the sumps 916 and 918. Also, it will be noted that suitable
emergency valves of the type described herein may be installed in
any embodiment described herein at any location effective for
restricting the flow of fluid within the distribution system.
Preferably, the sumps 916 and 918 are substantially enclosed,
except for apertures suitably located to allow the passage of these
various lines, as previously described, into the interior of the
sumps 916 and 918. Although the sumps 916 and 918 are shown to be
fed from the end in a parallel relation to the underground storage
tank, it will be appreciated that any suitable connection
configuration may be used. It will further be appreciated that any
suitable arrangement for the distribution lines and recovery lines
may also be used with the plastic sumps 916 and 918 without
departing from the present invention.
[0137] The removal of raised concrete service islands in this
embodiment results in slight changes in configuration for other
components of the integrated system 900. As shown in FIG. 19, the
openings for the Phase I recovery lines 940 and 942 and the filling
lines 944 and 946 are now located upon the concrete driveway 906 in
a substantially flush configuration. The distribution heads 948 and
950 are also shown to be located above the concrete driveway 906.
It will be appreciated, however, that any other suitable
configuration for this arrangement may be used, including
submerging the distribution heads 948 and 950 within a sump
arrangement, in accordance with the intended ability for universal
substitution of features throughout the various embodiments of this
invention. It is also intended that the various arrangements of the
various embodiments of the present invention may be either
assembled at the factory or field-installed.
[0138] Referring now to FIGS. 20 and 21, there is shown yet another
preferred embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIGS.
20 and 21 show respectively a partial cross sectional view and a
plan view of a different version of integrated system, designated
at 1000. The integrated system 1000 is different from the
arrangement shown in previous embodiments in that it includes a
distribution and Phase II recovery system designed to feed and
return from two separate service island areas upon a service
station premises. Thus, this embodiment demonstrates one principal
of remote piping in a distribution system.
[0139] The integrated system 1000 is shown to include a first
island area 1002 and a second island area 1004 located upon a
concrete driveway 1006 of a service station premises. A storage
reservoir 1008 is located directly beneath the first island area
1002. It will be appreciated, however, that this principal of the
present invention may be utilized with any suitable arrangement
among the first and second island areas 1002 and 1004 and the
storage reservoir 1008. As demonstrated previously, this embodiment
involves the use of dispensing units 1010 and 1012 located upon the
first island area 1002, and dispensing units 1014 and 1016 located
upon the second island area 1004. The first and second island areas
1002 and 1004 are not shown to include raised service islands,
although it will be appreciated that they may be used in this
arrangement. Dispenser sumps 1018, 1020, 1022 and 1024 are again
shown to be located beneath the dispensing units 1010, 1012, 1014
and 1016 in similar manner as before.
[0140] In this arrangement, the distribution heads 1026 and 1028
are located in such a way that they can feed into
specially-designed piping loops forming part of the distribution
system. As shown most clearly in FIG. 21, the distribution heads
1026 and 1028 are located within sumps 1030 and 1032 near the ends
of the first island area 1002. It will be appreciated that
alternatively, the distribution heads 1026 and 1028 may also be
located above the concrete driveway 1006, or above any raised
service islands which may be used.
[0141] The arrangement shown for the location of the distribution
heads 1026 and 1028 is preferred in this type of remote island area
distribution piping system because it allows for either a complete
or incomplete distribution piping system to be used in a loop
arrangement. The integrated system 1000 includes a first grade
distribution loop 1034 and a second grade distribution loop 1036,
which access fluid from within the two fluid compartments of the
storage reservoir 1008. In the situation where a configuration
other than a two-compartment configuration is used for the storage
reservoir 1008, it will be appreciated that additional distribution
loops may be added as required and the distribution loops may be
positioned differently as appropriate. The first and second grade
distribution loops 1034 and 1036 are preferably configured to run
in a parallel loop configuration near a perimeter defining the
first and second island areas 1002 and 1004. In this arrangement,
serviceability of the distribution system piping is enhanced. In
addition, this configuration for the distribution system piping
provides a minimum of underground piping while still accomplishing
the desired result. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 21, the
distribution heads 1026 and 1028 are located at the corners of the
first and second grade distribution loops 1034 and 1036.
[0142] The first grade distribution loop 1034 is shown to supply
fluid from the storage reservoir 1008 to the first grade
distribution lines 1038, 1040, 1042 and 1044, which supply a first
grade of fluid to the dispensing units 1010, 1012, 1014 and 1016,
respectively. Likewise, the second grade distribution lines 1046,
1048, 1050 and 1052 supply a second grade of fluid from within the
storage reservoir 1008, through the second grade distribution loop
1036 and to the dispensing units 1010, 1012, 1014 and 1016. The
first and second grade distribution loops 1034 and 1036 are shown
to be incomplete loops in that they terminate at the dispensing
unit located farthest from the distribution head supplying fluid to
that loop. It will be appreciated, however, that a complete loop
configuration may also be used. Such a configuration is discussed
below.
[0143] The integrated system 1000 also includes a Phase II recovery
loop 1054 for the recovery of vapors into the storage reservoir
1008. Phase II recovery lines 1056, 1058, 1060 and 1062 are
connected to the dispensing units 1010, 1012, 1014 and 1016 for
feeding such vapors to the phase two recovery loop 1054. The Phase
II recovery loop 1054 is also connected to vents 1064 and 1066 in a
similar manner as before for releasing excess vapor pressure to the
atmosphere when necessary. In addition, FIG. 21 shows two
distribution junction boxes 1068 and 1070, which may be optionally
located at the corners of the distribution loops servicing a remote
island area, such as the second island area 1004. The distribution
junction boxes 1068 and 1070 allow for inspection and maintenance
at the corners of the distribution loops.
[0144] Referring now to FIGS. 22 and 23, there is shown a partial
cross-sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of yet another
preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment,
the remote island area distribution piping system principle is
utilized in a closed-loop arrangement. One advantage of such a
closed-loop system is that it provides dual supply lines for each
fluid product to each dispensing unit permitting equal product
distribution regardless of the dispensing unit location relative to
the distribution piping loop. This arrangement also allows one
section of the loop to be shut down or otherwise separated as may
be required for maintenance without causing a complete loss of
function for the system. It will be appreciated that many of the
descriptions of various components and many of the optional
configurations and/or accessories described in connection with the
previous embodiment are also suitable for use in this embodiment.
However, for the sake of brevity, these will not be repeated
here.
[0145] In this arrangement, an integrated system 1100 supplies
fluid to a first island area 1102 and a second island area 1104. A
first grade distribution loop 1134 and second grade distribution
loop 1136 are shown in a similar manner as in the previous
embodiment, except that they are now provided in a closed-loop
configuration. All other features of this embodiment may preferably
be substantially as previously described. It will be appreciated
that in any type of arrangement shown herein, sensors (not shown)
may be employed at any suitable location to detect any leaks which
may occur. Any arrangement may also allow for the utilization of
appropriate shut-off valves located at any appropriate location
within the distribution piping system for removing any portion or
portions of any loop or other distribution piping system portion
from service when required. FIGS. 24-29 illustrate some variations
of closed-loop distribution piping configurations that may be
suitable in the present invention. It will be appreciated that
these figures show only a few examples of the many configurations
that can be used. These figures are intended to illustrate the
general principle of extending a closed-loop distribution piping
system among differently configured island areas and among
dispensing units configured in series or in parallel. In addition,
these figures are intended to illustrate the variations in
placement of an underground storage reservoir relative to both a
concrete driveway upon a service station premises and one or more
service island areas located upon the premises. It will be
appreciated that any combination of features from any of these
figures may be utilized in a single arrangement.
[0146] Referring now to FIG. 24, there is shown an integrated
system at 1200 which includes a underground storage reservoir 1202
that is displaced horizontally relative to an island area 1204
which the storage reservoir 1202 is intended to feed. The island
area 1204 is disposed upon a concrete driveway 1206 in a similar
manner as before. In this arrangement, the storage reservoir 1202
is disposed underground at a location horizontally displaced from
the concrete driveway 1206 as well. A first grade distribution loop
1212 and a second grade distribution loop 1214 serve to supply the
dispensing units 1216 and 1218 with two grades of fluid from the
storage reservoir 1202. A Phase II recovery loop 1220 is also
provided for the return of vapors from the dispensing units 1216
and 1218.
[0147] The remaining FIGS. 25-29 show variations for locations of
the island areas and dispensing units for an integrated system such
as that described above. Accordingly, specific discussion of the
distribution loop components will not be repeated here for brevity.
FIG. 25 shows an integrated system 1230 that is similar to the
integrated system 1200 described in connection with FIG. 24, except
that FIG. 25 shows a first island area 1232 and a second island
area 1234 that are both supplied with fluid as two series in
parallel. FIG. 26 is a further expansion of the principle set forth
in FIGS. 24 and 25, wherein an integrated system 1240 includes
first, second and third island areas at 1242, 1244 and 1246, which
are also fed as two parallel series of distribution locations. FIG.
27 shows a slightly different arrangement, where an integrated
system 1250 includes a first island area 1252 and a second island
area 1254 disposed in a perpendicular relation relative to the
first, second and third island areas 1242, 1244 and 1246 described
in connection with FIG. 26. Dispensing units 1256, 1258 and 1260
are disposed in series upon the first island 1252. Similarly,
dispensing units 1262, 1264 and 1266 are disposed in series upon
the second island area 1254. In this arrangement, the first island
area 1252 and second island area 1254 are fed in parallel as part
of the closed loop distribution system.
[0148] FIG. 28 shows a further expansion of the principle set forth
in FIGS. 24-26. Specifically, an integrated system 1270 includes
island areas 1272, 1274, 1276 and 1278. These island areas are
sequentially fed by the closed-loop distribution system along
parallel paths relative to the dispensing locations upon each
island area, in a similar manner as before. FIG. 29 shows yet
another possible configuration for the integrated system for the
present invention. Specifically, FIG. 29 shows an integrated system
1280 having a first island area 1282 located directly above the
storage reservoir 1283 in a similar manner as shown in previous
embodiments. Here, however, a closed-loop distribution system is
provided which serves second and third island areas 1284 and 1286
disposed laterally relative to the storage reservoir 1283.
Accordingly, in this arrangement, the first, second and third
island areas 1282, 1284 and 1286 are disposed in a substantially
planar arrangement. Dispensing units 1288, 1290 and 1292 are
disposed upon the first, second and third island areas 1282, 1284
and 1286. In addition, a second set of dispensing units 1294, 1296
and 1298 are shown to be disposed in a substantially planar
arrangement at a distance removed from the dispensing units 1288,
1290 and 1292. Thus, the arrangement in FIG. 29 shows that the
closed-loop distribution system of the present invention can also
be used to supply dispensing units that are displaced in
perpendicular directions relative to either the storage reservoir
or the first dispensing unit or units that are served in the
closed-loop system. It will therefore be appreciated that the
description above contemplates any suitable arrangement of closed
or open-loop distribution piping system among various dispensing
units disposed upon a service station premises. It will further be
appreciated that the closed-loop system may provide multiple
parallel feeding of dispensing units relative to a storage
reservoir, and may also provide multiple sequential feeding of
dispensing units in series as part of the same closed loop.
Although the arrangements shown herein generally disclose
rectangularly-shaped distribution system piping arrangements, it
will be realized that such arrangements tend to be easier and less
expensive to design and install. However, the present invention is
intended to support closed or open-loop designs of any suitable
configuration for the feeding of any suitable configuration of
dispensing units. In addition, it will further be appreciated that
while these configurations have been set forth as being applicable
to closed-loop designs, it will also be realized that the open-loop
design set forth in FIGS. 20 and 21 may also utilize these
principles.
[0149] FIGS. 30-32 show yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention. Specifically, FIGS. 30-32 apply the additional
principle of a quick drain spill basin to capture and contain
surface spills such as those occurring on a service station
premises. Although this principle is described in connection with
particular examples, it will be appreciated that the spill basin
principles may be utilized with any of the embodiments described
herein.
[0150] FIG. 30 shows another version of integrated system of the
present invention, generally at 1300. The integrated system 1300
includes a storage reservoir 1302 that is disposed below ground
level as before. The integrated system 1300 also includes a canopy
structure 1304, which may be of any configuration described herein
or any other suitable configuration. A support structure is also
provided, which includes support units 1306. In this figure, an
optional convenience or cashier store 1308 of the type commonly
found at automobile service stations is also shown. This embodiment
of the integrated system includes a combination pipe and drain
trench system that is operable in conjunction with specifically
designed tilted concrete driveway surfaces, for directing surface
spills so that they can be collected efficiently. Accordingly, the
integrated system 1300 includes a combination pipe and drain trench
1310 that is preferably constructed as part of the concrete
driveway 1312. The combination pipe and drain trench 1310 may be of
any size or shape suitable for containing the amount of piping used
for the distribution system. In addition, the trench 1310 should be
of sufficient volume to adequately transport spilled fluid from
upon the surface of the concrete driveway 1312. FIG. 30 also shows
dispensing locations 1314, 1316, 1318 and 1320. These dispensing
locations are intended to represent the location of items such as
dispensing units.
[0151] Referring now to FIG. 31, there is shown a plan view of the
quick drain spill basin system of FIG. 30. As can be seen in this
view, the trench 1310 is disposed longitudinally along the length
of the concrete driveway 1312 to the storage reservoir 1302. The
concrete driveway 1312 is then tilted from each side of the trench
1310 at an angle toward the trench 1310, so as to direct surface
spills into the trench 1310. Accordingly, these specially
configured concrete driveway surfaces are designated as spill basin
sections 1322 and 1324. The directions of the arrows upon the spill
basin sections 1322 and 1324 show the direction of travel for any
fluid spilled upon the concrete driveway surface within these
sections. A grate 1326 or other suitable covering is preferably
provided over the trench 1310. The grate 1326 should preferably be
suitable for allowing spilled fluid to pass through it and into the
trench 1310, while at the same time, allowing vehicles using the
service station premises to travel over the grate 1326.
[0152] FIG. 32 shows an expanded arrangement for the quick drain
spill basin system of the type shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. In this
arrangement, an integrated system is provided at 1400 that includes
a double spill basin and double drain trench arrangement. This
arrangement includes two combination pipe and drain trenches at
1402 and 1404 that are fed by spill basin sections 1406, 1408, 1410
and 1412 in the directions indicated by the arrows upon each
section. As can be seen from this figure, the quick drain spill
basin system is designed to be used with any configuration of
closed-loop or open-loop distribution piping system, such as those
described in previous embodiments. It will be appreciated that any
suitable configuration for the quick drain spill basin system may
be used.
[0153] FIGS. 33 and 34 are provided in order to illustrate the
ability of certain components of the integrated system of the
present invention to be pre-assembled at a factory location for
subsequent installation on site. In many of the embodiments
previously discussed, much of the underground storage tank and
underground piping is installed on site. Thus, these two figures
are intended to show that the present invention also contemplates a
more complete factory-assembled package that can be transported as
a unit to a particular site for installation.
[0154] FIG. 33 shows an integrated system generally at 1500. The
integrated system 1500 includes a storage reservoir 1502 and a
canopy system which may include such components as the canopy 1504,
or any other canopy arrangement, including a primary and secondary
canopy arrangement. The integrated system 1500 also includes
support units 1506 and 1508 which may be suitably connected to the
storage reservoir 1502 in any of the ways described herein, or in
other suitable ways. Dispensing units 1510 and 1512 are provided
atop a service island 1514 that is attached to the storage
reservoir 1502 by frame supports 1516. It will be appreciated that
the remaining components associated with the delivery system and
dispensing system, including any of the variations discussed in
connection with any of the embodiments herein, are also considered
to be part of this version of the integrated system 1500. These
components are assembled at the factory as one unit, and are
transported for on-site installation. A suitable pit is excavated
within the ground so that the storage reservoir 1502 can be
installed and anchored through means well known to those skilled in
the art. Once the integrated system is in place, a concrete
driveway such as that shown at 1518 in FIG. 33 can then be
installed around the integrated system 1500. As can be seen in FIG.
33, this type of arrangement works best when the storage reservoir
1502 is located directly beneath the service island 1514. It will
be appreciated, however, that other arrangements of the type
described herein may also be possible for a factory-assembled
system.
[0155] FIG. 34 illustrates another version of integrated system of
the present invention generally at 1600. The integrated system 1600
includes many of the components described in connection with FIG.
33; therefore, they will not be repeated in detail here. FIG. 34
shows that the integrated system 1600 may also include distribution
system piping in an above-ground secondary canopy arrangement, in a
similar manner as described previously. Accordingly, FIG. 34 shows
dispensing units 1602 and 1604 that are fed by lines of the first
grade distribution system 1606 and second grade distribution system
1608. These distribution systems 1606 and 1608 feed the two
dispensing units 1602 and 1604 with fluid from each compartment of
the storage reservoir 1610. The first grade distribution lines and
second grade distribution lines are shown to be located upon the
support units 1612 and 1614, and are shown to reach the dispensing
units 1602 and 1604 through the secondary canopy portions 1616 and
1618. In addition, Phase II recovery lines 1620 and 1622 are also
shown to pass through the secondary canopy portions 1616 and 1618
for facilitating the return of vapors to the storage reservoir
1610. It will further be appreciated that the piping equipment of
the distribution system and vapor recovery system may also be
disposed within a primary canopy.
[0156] Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
connection with FIG. 35. Again, many of the features in this figure
are shared with previously described arrangements and are not
repeated. In this arrangement, the integrated system 1700 includes
an underground reservoir 1702 and two dispensing units 1704 and
1706 located directly above the reservoir 1702. Here, an alternate
location for the distribution heads 1708 and 1710 is shown, within
the dispensing units 1704 and 1706. In this arrangement, the
distribution heads 1708 and 1710 are each in communication with a
compartment of the reservoir 1702. Distribution system piping is
associated with the distribution heads 1708 and 1710 so that each
head is operable to feed the dispensing unit within which it is
located, as well as remote dispensing units located on the same or
adjacent service islands.
[0157] In FIG. 35, piping loops 1712 and 1714 are shown to feed
fluid from the respective compartments of the reservoir 1702 to the
dispensing units 1704 and 1706, while being located entirely within
the dispensing units 1704 and 1706 and the secondary canopy 1720.
In addition, lines 1716 and 1718 may optionally be connected to the
piping loops 1712 and 1714 for connecting dispensing units of
adjacent service islands. This arrangement provides an enhanced
appearance by hiding the piping loops 1712 and 1714 from view. It
will be appreciated that this arrangement may be duplicated for any
embodiment described herein.
[0158] This embodiment is also intended to show that the spill
basins described herein, such as at 1722, may also be disposed in
communication with an oil-water separator 1724. In this
arrangement, any fluid falling within the spill basin 1722 flows
into the oil-water separator 1724 through line 1726. Water can be
discharged from the separator 1724 by being connected to a sewer
through outlet 1728. Also, the spill basin 1730 and the oil-water
separator 1732 can be configured substantially similar to the spill
basin 1722 and the oil-water separator 1724.
[0159] In accordance with other embodiments of the present
invention, shown in FIGS. 36-47, storage reservoir assemblies are
provided having increased resistance to leakage of fluid from the
assemblies into the surrounding ground. These assemblies include
specially-designed tubs, or enclosures, used in conjunction with
any of the underground storage reservoirs described herein, to at
least partially surround the reservoirs from beneath, and thus
provide additional barriers to fluid leakage. FIGS. 36 and 37 show,
respectively, enclosures 1800 and 1802 according to the present
invention, of semi-octagonal and semi-circular cross-section.
[0160] The enclosures 1800 and 1802 may be constructed of steel,
fiberglass or other suitable material, and are preferably sized
somewhat larger than the exterior dimensions of the reservoirs, to
define a void which can be filled with a filling material that can
serve as yet another barrier to fluid penetration. The enclosures
are configured to partially surround at least a lower portion of a
reservoir, such as below its beltline, defined by its maximum
width, when the reservoir is disposed within a particular
enclosure. When the enclosure 1800 or 1802 is positioned within an
excavated pit in the ground and a reservoir is disposed within the
enclosure, the enclosure prevents direct contact of the reservoir
with the surrounding ground. In this way, the likelihood of leakage
of a storage reservoir is decreased, because electrolysis is no
longer likely to occur from continued contact of the reservoir
surface with wet ground.
[0161] FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view illustrating how the
various embodiments of FIGS. 36-47 enhance the resistance of such
storage reservoir assemblies to leakage of fluid. FIG. 38 shows a
double-walled reservoir 1804 disposed within enclosure 1800. The
reservoir 1804 is positioned relative to the enclosure 1800 so that
a lower portion, preferably at least half, of the reservoir 1804 is
surrounded by the enclosure 1800. The reservoir 1804 is of a
double-walled variety, having an interior wall 1806 and an exterior
wall 1808. The reservoir 1804 may preferably be wrapped by a
suitable wrapping material, such as a polyethylene wrap 1810. The
wrapping material 1810 is preferably suitable for decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the reservoir and/or increasing
the resistance of fluid from within the storage reservoir from
leaking into the ground. In a preferred embodiment of the present
invention, the enclosure 1800 is spaced from the reservoir 1804 so
as to define a void 1812 between the reservoir 1804 and the
enclosure 1800. The void 1812 is preferably filled with a filling
material suitable for decreasing leakage of fluid into the ground
and/or assisting maintaining the buried condition of the reservoir
within the ground. Suitable filling materials include pea gravel,
concrete, portland cement and mixtures thereof. In FIG. 38, the
void 1812 is shown to be filled with concrete.
[0162] As shown in FIG. 38, the enclosure 1800 or 1802 is
preferably constructed to be of a size suitable for surrounding at
least a lower portion of the reservoir 1804. Preferably, the
enclosure 1800 or 1802 substantially surrounds the reservoir at
least below a beltline of the reservoir, defined by the reservoir's
maximum width. Thus, FIG. 38 shows that a multiple barrier
arrangement contemplated by the present invention is intended to
increase resistance to leakage of fluid from within the reservoir
1804, or any other reservoir used as part of the present invention.
Five separate fluid barriers are shown in FIG. 38: the interior
reservoir wall 1806, the exterior reservoir wall 1808, the wrapping
material 1810, the filling material within the void 1812 and the
enclosure 1800. It will be appreciated that the principles set
forth with regard to FIGS. 36-38 may be applied throughout this
description to the improved storage reservoir assembly embodiments
described herein.
[0163] Referring now to FIG. 39, there is shown an improved storage
reservoir assembly 1900 in accordance with yet another embodiment
of the present invention. The assembly 1900 includes a reservoir
1902 which is partially surrounded by an enclosure 1904. Support
saddles 1906 and 1908 are optionally, but preferably, inserted
between the lower exterior of the reservoir 1902 and the lower
interior surface of the enclosure 1904 to provide a separation
between the reservoir 1902 and the enclosure 1904. The support
saddles 1906 and 1908 may be attached to either the reservoir 1902
or the enclosure 1904, through welding or any other suitable means.
Use of the support saddles 1906 and 1908 maintains a separation
between the reservoir 1902 and the enclosure 1904 to define a void
1910 about the entire lower portion of the reservoir 1902 and
within the enclosure 1904.
[0164] In this embodiment, the reservoir 1902 is shown to be
optionally attached to the enclosure 1904 through the use of a
plurality of welded gussets 1912 disposed at intervals about the
reservoir 1902. Securing the reservoir 1902 to the enclosure 1904
enhances the maintenance of the buried condition of the reservoir
1902 within the ground. When the void 1910 is filled with a
suitable filling material, such as concrete, the weight added to
the enclosure 1904 assists in maintaining a buried condition of the
attached reservoir 1902 within the ground.
[0165] The assembly 1900 also includes at least one support unit
1914 which may be attached to the reservoir 1902 in any of the ways
described herein. Each such support unit 1914 may preferably be
disposed within the reservoir 1902 and project outside the
reservoir, as shown in FIG. 39, for attachment to an above-ground
canopy. Preferably, canopy support platforms, such as that shown at
1916, are provided atop the support units 1914 for ready attachment
to canopy support columns (not shown) during on-site
installation.
[0166] It will be noted that the improved storage reservoir
assembly 1900 of the present invention may be assembled in
different ways. In one method, the reservoir 1902 and the enclosure
1904 are brought as separate components to the installation site.
The enclosure 1904 is positioned within an excavated pit and the
reservoir 1902 is subsequently placed within the enclosure 1904.
The reservoir 1902 may optionally be attached to the enclosure 1904
at that time, such as through the use of gussets 1912. Also,
optionally, anchors of the type shown in later embodiments may be
attached to the reservoir 1902 or the enclosure 1904 and disposed
either within or outside the enclosure 1904. The void 1910 is then
filled with a suitable filling material of the types previously
described. Following this, the remainder of the excavated pit may
preferably be filled with a backfill material selected from the
group consisting of pea gravel, portland cement, concrete, mixtures
thereof, and discrete volumes thereof.
[0167] In another manner of installing the assembly 1900, the
reservoir 1902 and the enclosure 1904 are factory manufactured as a
substantially assembled unit for subsequent on-site installation.
When the assembly is substantially factory assembled, the steps of
installation described above including placing the reservoir 1902
within the enclosure 1904, optionally attaching the reservoir 1902
to the enclosure 1904, optionally installing support saddles 1906
and 1908, and filling the void 1910 with a suitable filling
material are all performed at the manufacturing facility. As a
third option, which facilitates transportation, the assembly 1900
is manufactured as a unit but the void 1910 is not filled with the
filling material until the assembly 1900 is placed within an
excavated pit at the installation site.
[0168] Referring now to FIG. 40, the improved storage reservoir
assembly 1900 of FIG. 39 is shown in an installed condition within
an excavated pit 1950. The reservoir 1902 is disposed within the
enclosure 1904, and separated by support saddles 1906, in similar
manner as before. The void 1910 is filled with concrete and gussets
1912 are shown to attach the reservoir 1902 to the enclosure 1904.
In this figure, a canopy column 1918 is attached to the support
unit 1914 at the canopy support platform 1916, and extends above
ground level. Also, a support base 1920, made of any suitable
material, including concrete, is disposed beneath the enclosure
1904. Use of the support base 1920 prevents direct contact of the
enclosure 1904 with the bottom of the excavated pit 1950 within
which the assembly 1900 is installed. Backfill material 1952, which
may be of any selection previously described, is shown to fill the
remainder of the excavated pit 1950.
[0169] FIG. 41 shows yet another embodiment of the improved storage
reservoir assembly of the present invention, generally at 2000. A
reservoir 2002 is again disposed within an enclosure 2004, this
time of similar semi-circular cross-section as the enclosure 1802
of FIG. 37. In this arrangement, however, the assembly 2000 is
shown to be installed within an excavated pit 2010 without the use
of a support base, such as that shown at 1920 in connection with
FIG. 40.
[0170] Referring now to FIG. 42, there is shown yet another
embodiment of the improved storage reservoir assembly of the
present invention, generally at 2100. In this embodiment, a
reservoir 2102 is shown to be located within an excavated pit 2110,
with anchor rods 2104 and 2106 attached to the reservoir 2102. Both
the anchor rods 2104 and 2106, and the lower portion of the
reservoir 2102, are buried in concrete 2112. It will be noted that
in this embodiment, no enclosure of the type previously described
is used, and the concrete 2112 fills the remainder of the lower
portion of the excavated pit 2110 just above the approximate
beltline of the reservoir 2102. The remaining portion of the
excavated pit 2110 is shown to be filled with pea gravel 2114.
Thus, the use of concrete 2112 in an excavated pit 2110 can itself
also serve to enhance resistance to leakage from a reservoir,
without the use of a separate enclosure, by preventing direct
contact of the reservoir with the ground, which may be wet, as
previously stated. This embodiment is also intended to show that
the remainder of an excavated pit can be filled with discrete
volumes of separate filling materials. One such filling material
can be concrete, the same preferred material used to fill the void
between the reservoir and enclosure in previous embodiments. When
concrete is used to fill the portion of the excavated pit 2110 to
approximately the beltline of the reservoir 2102 (again defined by
the reservoir's maximum width), this serves to assist in
maintaining a buried condition of the reservoir 2102 within the
ground, especially when the concrete 2112 is used in conjunction
with anchor rods 2104 and 2106.
[0171] Referring now to FIG. 43, there is shown yet another
embodiment according to the present invention. In this embodiment,
an improved storage reservoir assembly, shown generally at 2200,
includes a reservoir 2202 and an enclosure 2204. In this
embodiment, however, the enclosure 2204 is constructed of plywood
and wood studs in a frame-type arrangement that either partially or
substantially surrounds the reservoir 2202. Thus, this plywood and
wood stud arrangement forms an enclosure 2204 which contains
filling material in similar manner as before. Optionally, anchor
rods 2206 and 2208 may again be attached to the reservoir 2202 and
are disposed within concrete 2212 for both decreasing the
likelihood of fluid leakage and for assisting in maintaining the
buried condition of the reservoir 2202 within the excavated pit
2210. The remainder of the excavated pit 2210, outside the
enclosure 2204, is shown to be filled with pea gravel 2214.
[0172] FIG. 44 shows an improved storage reservoir assembly,
generally at 2300, in the context of a complete automobile service
station. The assembly 2300 includes a reservoir 2302 which is
partially surrounded by an enclosure 2304, in similar manner as
before. The void 2306, between the reservoir 2302 and the enclosure
2304, is again filled with concrete. In this arrangement, the
remaining portion within the excavated pit 2310 external to the
enclosure 2304 is filled with concrete 2312 up to approximately the
beltline of the reservoir 2302. The remainder of the excavated pit
2310 above the concrete 2312 is shown to be filled with pea gravel
2314. It will thus be appreciated that any combinations of
reservoir and enclosure configurations, void filling materials and
backfill materials for the excavated pit can be used, and are
interchangeable among the various embodiments described herein.
[0173] FIG. 45 illustrates a different configuration for a storage
reservoir according to a different embodiment of the present
invention. The reservoir, shown generally at 2402, is shown to be
of a double-walled variety, including an interior wall 2404 and an
exterior wall 2406. In this embodiment, the reservoir 2402 is
provided with at least one fluid-tight passageway 2408, disposed
vertically through the reservoir 2402. It will be appreciated that
other configurations and locations for the passageway 2408 may be
used. For example, although the passageway 2408 is shown to extend
vertically through the central portion of the reservoir 2402, other
passageway configurations may extend through other portions of the
reservoir 2402.
[0174] The passageway 2408 is suitable for accommodating the
insertion of a support unit of the type used to support an
above-ground canopy in previous embodiments. Thus, in this
arrangement, a support unit can be extended through the passageway
2408 for supporting an above-ground canopy from beneath the
reservoir 2402, without placing the weight of an above-ground
canopy upon the reservoir 2402.
[0175] FIG. 46 shows a cross-sectional view of the reservoir 2402
in an installed arrangement within an enclosure 2410, as part of an
improved storage reservoir assembly 2400. A support unit 2412, of
the type suitable for attachment to an above-ground canopy, is
disposed through the passageway 2408. In this arrangement, the
support unit 2412 is operable to support the weight of an attached
above-ground canopy external to, or separate from, the reservoir.
Thus, the majority of the weight of an attached above-ground canopy
will be borne by one or more support units 2412. In the preferred
arrangement shown in FIG. 46, a support unit 2412 extends through
the passageway 2408. A support unit base 2416 can be attached to
the lower end of the support unit 2412 to assist in distributing
the weight of any attached above-ground canopy. In this
arrangement, the lower end of the support unit 2412, preferably
with an attached support unit base 2416, can preferably be disposed
within concrete used as filling material within the void 2414. In
similar manner as before, the remainder of the excavated pit 2418
can be filled with pea gravel 2420.
[0176] Referring now to FIG. 47, there is shown a side partial
cutaway view of the embodiment of the improved storage reservoir
assembly 2400 from FIG. 46, in the context of an automobile service
station. Here, the reservoir 2402 is shown to include two support
units 2412 disposed within two passageways 2408. The support units
2412 are attached to canopy support columns 2422.
[0177] In accordance with yet other embodiments of the present
teachings, shown in FIGS. 48-51, storage reservoir assemblies are
provided wherein a reservoir may be partially or substantially
surrounded with a second fluid, such as water or brine, which is
capable of identifying a leaking condition of the reservoir by
detected infiltration of the surrounding second fluid into the
reservoir. This arrangement can be achieved through use of a
double-walled reservoir or a single-walled reservoir surrounded by
an enclosure of the types described herein. Such reservoir
assemblies may be integrated into an underground storage reservoir
and above-ground canopy system having increased resistance to
leakage of fluid into the ground.
[0178] Referring now to FIG. 48, there is shown an end
cross-sectional view of an improved storage reservoir assembly at
2500, in an installed condition, again in the context of an
automobile service station. The assembly 2500 includes a
single-walled reservoir 2502, again disposed within an enclosure
2504 and located within an excavated pit 2510 and surrounded by a
filler material such as pea gravel. The reservoir 2502 may be
constructed of steel, fiberglass or other suitable material. The
enclosure 2504 may be constructed of steel, fiberglass or other
suitable material.
[0179] The enclosure 2504 is shown to be of semi-circular
cross-section in its lower portion, although other suitable shapes
for the lower portion can also be used. The walls of the enclosure
2504 are expanded to extend upwardly near or above the top of the
reservoir 2502, making the enclosure 2504 approximately U-shaped in
cross-section. As such, the enclosure 2504 is operable to surround
most or all of the total height of the reservoir 2502. The
enclosure 2504 is spaced from the reservoir 2502, typically by
about six to eight inches, to define a void 2506 therebetween. This
spacing may be assisted by at least one support spacer 2508
disposed within the enclosure 2504 beneath the reservoir 2502 for
supporting the reservoir within the enclosure. The support spacers
2508 may be welded to the interior lower surface of the enclosure
2504 for maintaining a stationary support position. It may also be
shaped and sized to allow for any filler(s) and or fluid of the
type described below to be introduced without obstruction. The
enclosure 2504 may be attached to the reservoir 2502 by a plurality
of attachment devices (not shown) of the type well known to those
skilled in the art, including straps, belts and welded gussets.
Also, optionally, the enclosure 2504 may be suitably sized and
spaced from the reservoir 2502 to allow a person to crawl inside
the enclosure to inspect the external surface of the reservoir.
[0180] The void 2506 between the reservoir 2502 and the enclosure
2504 may be filled with a second fluid 2512 that is capable of
identifying a leaking condition of a first fluid stored within the
reservoir 2502. Suitable selections for the second fluid include
water or brine, although it will be appreciated that others fluids
may be used. This arrangement is intended to provide a hydrostatic
head of the second fluid 2512 around the reservoir 2502 at all
times, so that any leaks that do occur in the reservoir 2502 result
in infiltration of the second fluid 2512 into the reservoir 2502,
thereby reducing the likelihood of leakage of the first fluid
stored within the reservoir 2502 into the surrounding ground. Also,
optionally, the void 2506 may be partially or completely filled
with a filler material, such as pea gravel 2514, which takes up
some of the void space while still allowing for the introduction of
the second fluid 2512. In the installation of the integrated
underground storage reservoir and above-ground canopy system of the
types described herein, the reservoir 2502 and enclosure 2504 are
typically manufactured either as individual units or as a two-piece
unit off-site and are installed on-site in the relationship
described previously within an excavated pit, and subsequently
filled on-site with the second fluid and optional filler
material.
[0181] The assembly 2500 also provides for the detection of any
leaks that do occur in the reservoir 2502 for subsequent repair
such as by patching from inside the reservoir 2502. This detection
can be accomplished by the use of sensors of the type well known to
those skilled in the art (not shown) for detecting infiltration of
the second fluid 2512 into the reservoir 2502 and/or a lowering of
the level of the second fluid 2512 within the enclosure 2504. Where
water, brine or other suitable fluid is used as the second fluid,
the difference in density between the first and second fluids will
cause any infiltrating second fluid to settle to the bottom of the
reservoir 2502, where it can be detected by one or more sensors
located at that location. Suitable sensors can also be located
along the height of the enclosure 2504 for detecting any drop in
the height of the second fluid 2512 within the enclosure 2504. Any
amount of the second fluid 2512 within the enclosure 2504 that may
evaporate over time can be periodically replaced and/or kept filled
either manually or by an optional automatic refilling supply system
(not shown) of the type well known to those skilled in the art.
Optionally, covering the top of the enclosure 2504 with a
polyethylene, other plastic or any other suitable covering material
2518 may decrease evaporation of the second fluid 2512 from within
the enclosure. In addition, FIG. 48 shows an arrangement where at
least one support unit 2516 is disposed within the reservoir and
projects outside the reservoir for attachment to an above-ground
canopy (such as in FIGS. 41-43).
[0182] Enclosures of the present invention may also be constructed
of suitable waterproof concretes such as a "shotcrete" or gunite
concrete similar to the types used for in-ground swimming pools,
which may be coated with a plaster coating or other suitable sealer
for waterproofing. These constructions can be made directly within
the ground without being surrounded by pea gravel or other fill
material, in similar manner as a conventional in-ground swimming
pool. Referring now to FIG. 49, there is shown an end
cross-sectional view of an improved storage reservoir assembly at
2600, which includes a single-walled reservoir 2602, disposed
within such a concrete enclosure 2604 that may be constructed
directly within an excavated pit 2610 that is pre-sized and
pre-shaped to accommodate the concrete enclosure 2604 without the
use of pea gravel or other filler outside the enclosure 2604. A
concrete beam or slab 2616 may also be constructed atop the
enclosure 2604 at its opening.
[0183] The enclosure 2604 is again spaced from the reservoir 2602
to define a void 2606 therebetween. This spacing may again be
assisted by at least one support spacer 2608 disposed within the
enclosure 2604 beneath the reservoir 2602 for supporting the
reservoir within the enclosure. The void 2606 between the reservoir
2602 and the enclosure 2604 may again be filled with a second fluid
2612 that is capable of identifying a leaking condition of a first
fluid stored within the reservoir 2602. Again, optionally, the void
2606 may be partially or completely filled with a filler material,
such as pea gravel 2614, and the top of the enclosure 2604 may be
covered with a polyethylene, other plastic or any other suitable
covering material 2618 for decreasing evaporation of the second
fluid 2612 from within the enclosure. The arrangement shown in FIG.
49 also includes a support system for an above-ground canopy,
including support unit 2615, that may alternatively be disposed
adjacent to, instead of within, the reservoir 2602. However, it
will be appreciated that a support unit extending through the
interior of the reservoir may also be used with a concrete
enclosure arrangement.
[0184] Referring now to FIGS. 50 and 51, improved storage reservoir
assemblies 2700 and 2800 are shown to include the use of
double-walled reservoirs 2702 and 2802. In these arrangements, the
double-walled reservoirs 2702 and 2802 include outer walls 2704 and
2804, which are separated from inner walls 2706 and 2806 so as to
define voids 2708 and 2808. The voids 2708 and 2808 can be used to
contain a second fluid, shown at 2712 and 2812, which is intended
to provide a hydrostatic head of the second fluid 2712 and 2812
around the inner walls 2706 and 2806 at all times, so that any
leaks that do occur in the inner walls 2706 and 2806 result in
infiltration of the second fluid 2712 and 2812 into the reservoirs
2702 and 2802, thereby reducing the likelihood of leakage of the
first fluid stored within the reservoirs 2702 and 2802 into the
surrounding ground.
[0185] The voids 2708 and 2808 defined by the outer walls 2704 and
2804 and inner walls 2706 and 2806 of the respective reservoirs may
be of any suitable size. Accordingly, the outer walls 2704 and 2804
and inner walls 2706 and 2806 may be maintained at a specified
distance from each other by a plurality of spacers 2710 and 2810
which may be welded or otherwise secured between the inner and
outer walls. It will also be appreciated that in any arrangement
shown, such as in FIGS. 50 and 51, the reservoir may be placed
directly within an excavated pit 2714 or 2814 without the use of
any support spacers, such as that previously shown at 2508 and
2608. In addition, in any arrangement shown herein, the reservoir
and/or the enclosure may be covered with a wrapping material of
polyethylene or other plastic wrap (not shown) for decreasing the
accumulation of moisture outside the enclosure and increasing the
resistance of fluid from leaking into the ground.
[0186] FIG. 50 shows the arrangement where at least one support
unit 2716 is disposed within the reservoir and projects outside the
reservoir for attachment to an above-ground canopy (such as in
FIGS. 41-43). FIG. 51 shows an alternative arrangement, similar to
that shown in FIG. 50, but where a support system for an
above-ground canopy, including support unit 2815, is disposed
adjacent to the reservoir (such as in FIGS. 8-10), and includes a
concrete beam 2816 supported by concrete footings 2818 and 2820.
Also in FIG. 51, retaining devices in the form of tie-down rods
2822 and 2824 extend between the sides of the reservoir 2802 and
concrete footings 2826 and 2828 for securing the position of the
reservoir 2802 within the ground. Alternatively, straps may be
extended over the reservoir and attached to the concrete footings
in similar manner for retaining the reservoir within the ground. It
will be appreciated that either of these retaining devices can be
attached to any suitable reservoir or enclosure in any arrangement
disclosed herein for this purpose.
[0187] It will be appreciated that this reservoir and enclosure
combination can again also be used with any of the support
arrangements for an above-ground canopy shown herein, including the
arrangement shown in FIGS. 45 and 46, where one or more support
units extend through a passageway disposed through the reservoir.
It will also be appreciated that the concrete driveway above the
reservoir may be sloped as may be desired in any version of the
invention, as in FIGS. 9 and 10.
[0188] FIG. 52 shows another arrangement of improved storage
reservoir assembly 2900 which includes the use of a single-walled
reservoir 2902 located within an underground concrete U-shaped
enclosure 2904 constructed directly against the U-shaped excavated
ground wall 2910. In this arrangement, similar to FIG. 50, the
support unit 2916 extends within the reservoir 2902. Spacing
between the reservoir 2902 and the enclosure 2904 may be maintained
by one or more support spacers 2908 disposed within the enclosure
2904 beneath the reservoir 2902.
[0189] The void 2906 between the reservoir 2902 and the enclosure
2904 may again be filled with a second fluid 2912 that is capable
of identifying a leaking condition of a first fluid stored within
the reservoir 2902. Again, optionally, the void 2906 may be
partially or completely filled with a filler material, such as pea
gravel 2914. Also optionally, the top of the enclosure 2904 may
again be covered with a polyethylene, other plastic or any other
suitable covering material (not shown) for decreasing evaporation
of the second fluid 2912 from within the enclosure.
[0190] It will be appreciated that any of the disclosed
combinations of reservoirs, enclosures, support unit arrangements
are accompanying structures can be interchanged as part of the
present invention, including the arrangements shown where one or
more support units extend through a passageway disposed through the
reservoir.
[0191] The present invention also includes an integrated
underground storage reservoir and above-ground canopy support
system, with an above-ground distribution system for supplying
multiple remote dispensing islands disposed within a canopy,
instead of underground. FIGS. 1, 6 and 18 show the installation of
a piping network as part of a distribution system within a
secondary canopy which extends among multiple dispensing units on a
common service station island. In those arrangements, distribution
to remote islands is accomplished through underground piping
networks also forming part of the distribution system (as shown in
FIGS. 21 and 23-32). However, it will be appreciated that these
same types of configurations of piping networks forming part of the
distribution system may also be located within an overhead primary
canopy which extends among multiple adjacent or remote service
station islands. In such arrangements, the individual distribution
units may be supplied from above, from piping units traveling
through smaller secondary canopies which cover individual islands
or dispensing units, as previously described. The individual
distribution units may alternatively be supplied from the side or
from below, from piping units extending along or within the various
vertical canopy support units. As such, it will also be appreciated
that this system can simultaneously supply distribution islands
through both the primary and secondary canopies.
[0192] Two of these types of arrangements are shown in FIGS. 53 and
54. It will be appreciated that any suitable configuration for the
piping network, including the configurations shown for underground
arrangements in FIGS. 21 and 23-32, and other suitable
configurations, may also be used within an overhead primary canopy.
FIG. 53 shows an integrated underground storage reservoir and
above-ground canopy support system, generally at 3010. The
integrated system 3010 includes a storage reservoir 3012 located in
an excavated pit 3014. Multiple support units 3016, 3018, 3020 and
3022 are shown to support a primary canopy 3024 and a secondary
canopy 3025, in similar manner as before. Where the dispensing
unit(s) to be supplied, such as 3026, 3028 and 3030, are located in
a certain location relative to the underground reservoir (typically
either directly above the reservoir or together forming one or more
service station islands located generally above the reservoir), the
dispensing units can be supplied through the secondary canopy 3026
from that portion of the distribution system piping network (3032,
3034) traveling through the secondary canopy 3026. Remote service
islands can then be supplied through any suitable piping network,
also forming part of the distribution system (3036, 3038), disposed
within the primary canopy 3024.
[0193] FIG. 54 shows another similar integrated underground storage
reservoir and above-ground canopy support system, generally at
3110, again including a storage reservoir 3112 located in an
excavated pit 3114. This Figure shows how the dispensing units 3126
and 3130 may be supplied from distribution system piping 3136 and
3138 traveling upward alongside the support units 3118 and 3120,
through the primary canopy 3124 and downward alongside the support
units 3116 and 3122. Although the dispensing units 3126 and 3130
are supplied from the side in this Figure, they may also be
supplied from below through additional piping traveling through the
concrete islands, or from above through the small secondary
canopies 3125 and 3127.
[0194] In general, it will be appreciated that any of the
arrangements for any of the piping systems set forth herein may be
located in below-ground or above-ground positions, or in any
suitable combination. The present invention will thus be understood
to cover integrated systems where the distribution system piping
may be arranged in below-ground and above-ground alternatives that
may be substantial mirror images of each other. Therefore, any
underground piping may also be located in a similar above-ground
arrangement, and vice-versa, where suitable. In addition, it will
be appreciated that the various components of the invention can be
altered with respect to their locations, while maintaining their
operational relationships and not departing from the invention. For
example, the oil-water separator module can also be located
external to the storage reservoir. Also, it will be appreciated
that other components or accessories may be used in connection with
the invention, as may be necessary or desirable to accomplish
certain advantages of the invention. For example, the storage
reservoir described herein may be additionally anchored within the
ground through the use of retention cables, anchors, straps and
other means well known to those skilled in the art.
[0195] While the above description discusses preferred embodiments
of the present invention, it will be understood that the
description is exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the
scope of the invention. The present invention will therefore be
understood as susceptible to modification, alteration and variation
by those skilled in the art without deviating from the scope and
meaning of the following claims.
* * * * *