U.S. patent application number 10/771056 was filed with the patent office on 2004-09-09 for building frame member.
This patent application is currently assigned to MiTek Holdings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Tadich, John.
Application Number | 20040172911 10/771056 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32655751 |
Filed Date | 2004-09-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040172911 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tadich, John |
September 9, 2004 |
Building frame member
Abstract
A reinforcing brace for attachment to a web member of a building
framework such as a truss to prevent bending or flexing out of a
plane of the truss. Fasteners secure the brace to the web member at
a lateral side of the web member such that front and back sides of
the web member remain free from fasteners. The brace is entirely
within thickness confines of the truss.
Inventors: |
Tadich, John; (Knoxfield,
AU) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SENNIGER POWERS LEAVITT AND ROEDEL
ONE METROPOLITAN SQUARE
16TH FLOOR
ST LOUIS
MO
63102
US
|
Assignee: |
MiTek Holdings, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
32655751 |
Appl. No.: |
10/771056 |
Filed: |
February 3, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60444818 |
Feb 4, 2003 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/633 ;
52/639 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2003/026 20130101;
E04C 3/11 20130101; E04C 3/292 20130101; E04C 3/17 20130101; E04C
3/18 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/633 ;
052/639 |
International
Class: |
E04C 003/02; E04C
003/38 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A structural truss comprising: a plurality of structural members
arranged in a configuration defining a plane; a web including at
least one web member extending between two structural members
within said plane, the web member having first side portions
generally defining a front side and an opposite back side which
face opposite directions substantially out of said plane, and
having second side portions located between the first portions
which generally define opposite lateral sides which face opposite
directions substantially within said plane; a brace secured to the
web member for reinforcing the web member, the brace engaging the
web member at one of said lateral sides; and at least one fastener
securing the brace to the web member, the fastener penetrating the
web member at one of said lateral sides; wherein said front and
back sides of the web member remain free from fasteners.
2. A structural truss as set forth in claim 1 wherein said web
member has a cross-sectional shape which is circular.
3. A structural truss as set forth in claim 1 wherein said web
member has a cross-sectional shape which is rectangular.
4. A structural truss as set forth in claim 1 wherein the brace has
one or more fastener holes for receiving corresponding one or more
said fasteners.
5. A structural truss as set forth in claim 4 wherein said fastener
is distinct and non-integral with the brace.
6. A structural truss as set forth in claim 1 wherein the front and
back sides of the web member have a spacing therebetween defining
thickness confines of the truss, and wherein the brace is entirely
within said thickness confines such that the brace does not
interfere with stacking of multiple trusses.
7. A structural truss as set forth in claim 1 wherein the brace has
a generally flat base and a pair of opposite side walls extending
from the base generally transverse to the base, the base being
secured to the web member by said one or more fasteners.
8. A structural truss as set forth in claim 7 wherein said side
walls have inwardly turned ends.
9. A structural truss as set forth in claim 8 wherein said ends of
the side walls turn at least about 180 degrees.
10. A structural truss as set forth in claim 7 wherein said web
member has a cross-sectional shape which is circular, and the web
member is received between the side walls.
11. A structural truss as set forth in claim 7 wherein said web
member has a cross-sectional shape which is rectangular, and the
side walls of the brace extend from the base and project outward
from the web member.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/444,818, filed Feb. 4, 2003.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to a building frame member such as a
roof truss or hip rafter.
[0003] Roof trusses generally comprise a bottom chord and at least
one (and more commonly two or more) obliquely arranged top chord. A
web defined by a plurality of web members extends between the
bottom chord and the top chord. When the truss is installed in a
building, some of the web members are subjected to compressive
forces which can cause the web members to bend or flex out of the
plane of the truss. The bending or flexing weakens the truss and
can lead to total failure of the truss.
[0004] In order to prevent the web members from bending or flexing,
web members are reinforced in a number of different ways. One
method is to tie the web members together. Other methods use a
reinforcing member, such as a brace. However, conventional methods
of reinforcing the truss make truss manufacture more difficult,
particularly when the truss is formed in a semi-automated fashion.
For example, some reinforcing members have integral, punched teeth
for attaching to web members. The teeth are pressed into web
members by a floating press, i.e., a clamp suspended from an
overhead carriage for movement between several splice pedestals
supporting the web members and chords in assembled position.
Unfortunately, it takes substantial time for an operator to attach
the reinforcing members. The teeth require multiple, repetitive
press cycles by the floating press at each of several positions
along the reinforcing member. Further, it can be difficult or
impossible for operators to reach the press into positions at the
interior of the truss. An additional difficulty is that a portion
of each reinforcing member typically extends beyond the confines of
the truss. Because the reinforcing member is attached to a side of
the web member which faces out of the plane of the truss, it
extends to a thickness greater than a thickness of the truss.
Consequently, the reinforcing member interferes with stacking or
nesting of assembled web members and completed trusses during
handling and transportation. Further, the reinforcing member is
subject to being crushed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Among the objects of the present invention is the provision
of a building frame member which is suitably reinforced with
minimum disruption to the normal manufacturing process,
particularly if a floating press-type system is used to form the
frame member; the provision of a brace secured to a web member by a
separate fastener such that the web member can be manufactured in
the normal fashion and the brace simply connected in a separate
operation which does not interfere with the construction of the
frame member; and the provision of a brace which is entirely within
the confines of the truss.
[0006] In general, a structural truss according to the present
invention comprises a plurality of structural members arranged in a
configuration defining a plane. A web including at least one web
member extends between two structural members within the plane. The
web member has first side portions generally defining a front side
and an opposite back side which face opposite directions
substantially out of the plane, and has second side portions
located between the first portions which generally define opposite
lateral sides which face opposite directions substantially within
the plane. A brace is secured to the web member for reinforcing the
web member, the brace engaging the web member at one of the lateral
sides. At least one fastener secures the brace to the web member,
the fastener penetrating the web member at one of the lateral
sides. The front and back sides of the web member remain free from
fasteners.
[0007] Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in
part pointed out hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described, by
way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:
[0009] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a brace used in the
preferred embodiment of the invention;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through the brace of FIG.
1;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a view of a truss according to one embodiment of
the invention; and
[0012] FIGS. 4-17 are cross-sectional views of embodiments of the
invention showing various different brace configurations.
[0013] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0014] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a reinforcing member, or
brace 10, according to the present invention is shown. The brace 10
includes a base 12 and a pair of side walls 14 and 16 which extend
from the base 12 and are separated by the base 12. The walls 14 and
16 are generally parallel and extend in the same direction at right
angles with respect to the base 12. The walls 14 and 16 have
in-turned flanges 18 at their free ends.
[0015] The base 12 is provided with a plurality of holes 20 along
its length. In the embodiments shown, three such holes are provided
but a different number of holes could be used if desired.
[0016] The brace 10 typically has a length of 1.5 meter to 3
meters. If desired, sets of braces in stock lengths could be
provided so that a suitable length can be selected for connection
to a web member depending on the length.
[0017] FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the frame member in the form
of a building truss which has structural members arranged in a
plane. The truss includes a bottom chord 30, two oblique upper
chords 32, and a web comprising web members 33 and 35 extending
between the chords. The configuration of the truss is standard and,
as is well known, the exact location of the web members will vary
depending on the configuration and intended use of the truss. The
web members 33 generally form tension web members which will be
subjected to tensile forces when the truss is in use. The web
members 35 will generally form compression web members which will
be subjected to compression forces when the truss is in use. To
prevent the compression web members 35 from bending or flexing out
of the plane of the truss, braces 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are
connected to the web members 35. In the embodiment shown, the web
members 35 are formed from wood and have a generally rectangular
cross section.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through one of the web
members 35 of FIG. 3 showing the brace 10 secured to the web
member. The web member 35 has first side portions including a front
side 35a and a back side 35b which face opposite directions
substantially out of the plane of the truss. Second side portions
include lateral sides 35c and 35d which face opposite directions
substantially within the plane of the truss. The section view of
the web member shown in FIG. 4 is oriented with lateral sides 35c
and 35d positioned as the bottom and top surfaces, respectively.
The brace 10 is secured in place by screws or nails 40 which are
hammered or screwed through the holes 20 and which penetrate the
web member 35, as shown in FIG. 4.
[0019] Significantly, the screws or nails 40 are distinct and
non-integral with the brace 10. Therefore, the web member and brace
may be attached prior to a truss manufacturing process. During that
process, there is no need for an operator to reach a floating press
to an interior position of the truss, nor any need for repetitive
press cycles such as when embedding punched teeth in web members.
Thus, the truss manufacturing process is more efficient.
[0020] Although the brace 10 is attached to the side 35c of the web
member 35, it could be connected to a different side of web member
35. Connecting to sides 35c or 35d locates the brace 10 within the
thickness confines of the truss, that is, within a region bounded
by parallel planes corresponding to front and back sides 35a and
35b which are spaced apart by the maximum spacing between front and
back sides. The brace is positioned entirely between vertical side
faces of the chords and web members of the truss when located in
position in a building. The brace 10 does not project beyond the
vertical side surfaces 35a and 35b of the web member. This
arrangement therefore has the advantage that no part of the brace
extends beyond the confines of the truss, and the brace will not be
crushed nor interfere with stacking of web members or completed
trusses. If the brace 10 were connected to sides 35a or 35b or had
any portion overlying sides 35a or 35b, a disadvantage is that the
brace would project out of the confines of the truss which makes
transportation, handling, and stacking of trusses more
difficult.
[0021] FIG. 5 shows an embodiment similarly to FIG. 4, but of a
configuration in which the brace 10a has a base 12a, a first side
wall 14a and a second side wall 16a which extends in a direction
opposite the side wall 10a. The wall 14a has in-turned flange 18a,
but it will be noted that the wall 16a does not have a flange. The
brace 10a is secured to the web 35 by a nail or screw 40 in the
same manner as previously described.
[0022] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the brace 10b is somewhat
similar to the brace 10 of FIG. 4, except that the side walls 14b
and 16b converge towards one another, and have outwardly turned
flanges 18b at their free ends. The brace 10b is secured to the web
35 in the same manner previously described by locating nail or
screws 40 through holes in base 12b.
[0023] In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the brace 10c is of the same
configuration as the brace 10 of FIG. 4, except that the in-turned
flanges 18 are not included. In this embodiment the brace is
connected to the web 35 so that the web is received between the
side walls 14c and 16c. Screws or nails 40 passes through holes in
base 12c to secure the brace in place.
[0024] In the embodiment of FIG. 8 the brace 10d is in the form of
a relatively wide wall 16d, a base 12d and a relatively short side
wall 14d. The wall 14d has an in-turned flange 18d. Holes (not
shown) are provided along the length of the longer wall 10d and
screws or nails 40 locate through the holes to secure the wall ad
to the web 35. The base 12d is spaced from the web 35 by the
in-turned flange 18d and the short side wall 14d.
[0025] In the embodiment of FIG. 9 the brace 10e has a wide base
12e which is wider than the width of the web 35, a side wall 14e, a
side wall 16e, and wherein the side walls 14e and 16e are spaced
apart by the base 12e. The side walls 14e and 16e are generally
parallel and extend in the same direction. In this embodiment the
web 35 is received within the brace between the walls 14e and 16e
and with the base 12e flush with one of the vertical faces of the
web 35. The base 12e has holes as in the earlier embodiments and
the brace 10e is secured to the web 35 by nails or screws 40 which
pass through those holes and penetrate into the web 35. The wall
14e has an in-turned flange 18e and the wall 16e may optionally
have an in-turned flange 18e.
[0026] FIGS. 10 and 11 show embodiments of the invention in which
the web 35 is in the form of a metal web formed from tube and
having a generally circular cross-section. The thickness confines
of the truss for these embodiments is generally within a region
bounded by planes defined by outermost lateral position of side
portions 35a and 35b.
[0027] In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the brace 10f is of generally
the same shape as the brace 10 of FIG. 4. However, in this
embodiment the metal web 35 is received within the brace 10f
between the side walls 14f and 16f. The brace 10f is secured to the
metal web 35 by a screw 40' which passes through holes along base
12f of the brace 10f and which screw into the web 35. The web 35
may be pre-drilled or the screw 40' may simply tap the web 35 in
order to secure the brace 10f to the web 35. In this embodiment the
walls 14f and 16f have in-turned flanges 18f which have end
portions 19f which are bent more than 90 degrees with respect to
the walls 14f and 16f so that they are directed towards the web
35.
[0028] In the embodiments of FIGS. 4 to 10, the base of the brace
is flat.
[0029] In the embodiment of FIG. 11 the brace 10g has a base in the
form of a curved transition section 12g which joins with the side
walls 14g and 16g. The side walls 14g and 16g have in-turned
flanges 18g which are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG.
10. Once again, the base 12g is provided with a plurality of holes
which are the same as the holes 20 shown in FIG. 1, through which
screw 40' can locate so as to secure the brace 10g to the web 35 in
the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 10.
[0030] Although the embodiments of FIGS. 4 to 11 have been
described with reference to web members 35 of a truss of the type
shown in FIG. 3, the invention is applicable to other frame
elements such as hip rafters and braces of the same configuration
as those described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9 can be secured to
a hip rafter in exactly the same manner as described with reference
to FIGS. 4 to 9, so as to reinforce the hip rafter and prevent the
hip rafter from bowing in a vertical plane when loaded.
[0031] FIG. 12 shows a still further embodiment of the invention.
In this embodiment the brace 10h includes a base 12h which extends
within the confines of the truss. The base 12h has an inwardly
directed V-shaped flange 18h at each end. The fastener 40 for
securing the brace 10h to the web 35 passes through the base 12h
between the flanges 18h.
[0032] In FIG. 13 the brace 10i has a side wall 16i and a V-shaped
flange 18i at one end. The flange 18i has an in-turned base wall
12i which sits generally flush with face 35c of the web 35.
Fastener 40 extends through the wall 16i to join the brace 10i to
the web 35.
[0033] FIG. 14 is similar to FIG. 13, except that both ends of the
wall 16i are provided with flanges 18i with in-turned base walls
12i.
[0034] FIGS. 15-17 show an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 4
which has flexibility in that it may be used with either
rectangular or circular web members. Brace 10k has a flat base 12k
with side walls 14k and 16k extending from the base. Flanges 18k
are provided to give the brace greater strength. The flanges are
inwardly turned by about 180 degrees, thereby providing a wider
spacing between the flanges than would a smaller turn to permit
ready access for inserting screws 40 (FIG. 15) or for receiving web
member 35 (FIGS. 16 and 17). As shown in FIG. 15, the brace 10k
remains within the thickness confines of the rectangular web
member, and the side walls project outward from the web member 35.
FIGS. 16 and 17 show the brace 10k attached to circular web members
of two differing diameters, with the web members received between
the side walls. An angled end 19k provided on each flange 18k
engages the web member. The brace engages and is secured to one of
the lateral sides 35c or 35d so that the front and back sides 35a
and 35b remain free from fasteners. Therefore, the assembled web
members and trusses can be firmly stacked, and the reinforcing
members and screws or nails will not be crushed.
[0035] The embodiments of FIGS. 4, 6, 12 and 15 have the advantage
that the brace 10 is within the confines of the truss to facilitate
stacking or nesting of web members and also manufactured
trusses.
[0036] Furthermore, in some embodiments the brace functions to
prevent buckling by increasing the moment of inertia. A portion of
the mass of each brace is placed at a distance from the centroid of
the web, which increases critical buckling load for a given length
web. Embodiments which have: (a) greater mass, or (b) further
distance from the web, such as flanges at positions of extremity,
provide additional strength benefits relative to embodiments of
lesser mass and where the brace is closely adjacent to the web.
[0037] The various embodiments provide various relative advantages
and may be selected for use according to the particular frame
member and/or preference of the operator. For example, embodiments
such as in FIGS. 7-11, 13, 14, 16 and 17 provide unimpeded access
to the base for insertion of the fastener 40. The embodiment of
FIG. 7 has a channel shape which requires only two bends in a
metallic blank to form the brace. That facilitates a lower
manufacturing cost and time relative to more complex
configurations. Relative dimensions between the side walls, bases,
and/or flanges of all embodiments may be selected to achieve
desired advantages in moment of inertia and reinforcement while
effectively fitting within the dimensions of the particular
framework.
[0038] In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the fasteners
40 may be any suitable screw, nail, or staple, such as, for
example, 14 gauge.times.30 mm long type 17 screw.
[0039] The embodiments of FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 also offer the
advantage of compact, low profile designs which permit
stacking/nesting of web members.
[0040] Although the rectangular web members of FIGS. 4 to 9 and 12
to 15 are preferably formed from wood, and the circular web members
of FIGS. 10, 11, 16 and 17 are preferably formed from metal, the
invention is not restricted to these combinations and is suitable
for any shape and any material web.
[0041] Furtherstill, in applications of trusses in which
conventional framed hip ends, with their trussed roofs, are used,
the hip requires to be 120 mm deep, whereas the rest of the truss
top chords are 90 mm deep. This means that they have to rip cut the
overhang and make a reduction cut at the support point. This is a
time consuming and costly operation. The present invention offers
the advantage of providing the alternative of using 90 mm hip
rafter and fixing a brace 10 to the bottom edge to effectively
reinforce the rafter so that it acts like a 120 mm member. Thus,
the web members promote efficiency and lower costs by avoiding
additional chord sizes and on-site modifications.
[0042] Since modifications within the spirit and scope of the
invention may readily be effected by persons skilled within the
art, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to
the particular embodiment described by way of example
hereinabove.
[0043] When introducing elements of the present invention or the
preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the" and
"said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the
elements. The terms "comprising", "including" and "having" are
intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional
elements other than the listed elements.
* * * * *