U.S. patent application number 10/371619 was filed with the patent office on 2004-08-26 for shave gel compositions.
Invention is credited to Barnet, Alfred, Manivannan, Gurusamy, Novikov, Alexander, Thong, Stephen, Xu, Yun.
Application Number | 20040166085 10/371619 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32868375 |
Filed Date | 2004-08-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040166085 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Manivannan, Gurusamy ; et
al. |
August 26, 2004 |
Shave gel compositions
Abstract
Heated, post-foaming shave gels are provided. Post-foaming shave
gels that include a non-ionic emulsifier system are also provided.
In some implementations, the non-ionic emulsifier system includes
one or more fatty alcohol ethoxylates.
Inventors: |
Manivannan, Gurusamy; (North
Chelmsford, MA) ; Novikov, Alexander; (Framingham,
MA) ; Thong, Stephen; (Needham, MA) ; Barnet,
Alfred; (Hingham, MA) ; Xu, Yun; (Andover,
MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Robert C. Nabinger
Fish & Richardson P.C.
225 Franklin Street
Boston
MA
02110-2804
US
|
Family ID: |
32868375 |
Appl. No.: |
10/371619 |
Filed: |
February 21, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/73 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/22 20130101; A61K
8/042 20130101; A61K 8/46 20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; A61K
2800/88 20130101; A61Q 9/02 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101; A61K
2800/242 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/073 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/15 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A shaving composition in the form of a post-foaming gel
comprising, water, a water-dispersible surface active agent capable
of forming a lather, a volatile self-foaming agent, and heating
reagents selected to provide an exothermic reaction during use of
the shaving composition.
2. The shaving composition of claim 1 wherein the gel comprises an
oil-in-water emulsion including a non-ionic emulsifier.
3. The shaving composition of claim 2 wherein the heating reagents
include an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, and the shaving
composition is provided in the form of an oxidant component and a
reductant component that are maintained separate until the shaving
composition is dispensed by a user.
4. The shaving composition of claim 3 wherein the oxidizing agent
comprises a peroxide.
5. The shaving composition of claim 4 wherein the reducing agent is
selected from the group consisting of thiosulfate and sulfite
compounds, compounds with a thiourea backbone, and mixtures
thereof.
6. The shaving composition of claim 2 wherein the non-ionic
emulsifier comprises a fatty alcohol ethoxylate with relatively
long polyethylene oxide chain.
7. The shaving composition of claim 6 wherein the non-ionic
emulsifier further comprises a fatty alcohol ethoxylate with
relatively shorter polyethylene oxide chain.
8. The shaving composition of claim 7 wherein the fatty alcohol
ethoxylates with relatively longer and relatively shorter
polyethylene oxide chains are provided in a ratio in the range of
from about 1:1 to 1:3.
9. The shaving composition of claim 2 wherein the non-ionic
emulsifier comprises a blend of a relatively more hydrophobic
surfactant and a relatively more hydrophilic surfactant.
10. The shaving composition of claim 1 wherein the shaving
composition is substantially free of soaps and ionic
surfactants.
11. The shaving composition of claim 1 further comprising an
emollient.
12. A post-foaming shave gel product comprising, a two-component
container having two separate chambers; disposed in one chamber, an
oxidant component comprising a first post-foaming shave gel base
including an oxidizing agent, and disposed in the other chamber, a
reductant component comprising a second post-foaming shave gel base
including a reducing agent; at least one of the post-foaming shave
gel bases including water, a water-dispersible surface active agent
capable of forming a lather, and a volatile self-foaming agent.
13. The post-foaming shave gel product of claim 12 wherein the
first and second post-foaming shave gel bases are provided in the
form of oil-in-water emulsions.
14. The post-foaming shave gel product of claim 12 wherein the
first and second post-foaming shave gel bases include a non-ionic
emulsifier.
15. The post-foaming shave gel product of claim 14 wherein the
non-ionic emulsifier comprises a fatty alcohol ethoxylate with long
polyethylene oxide chain.
16. The post-foaming shaving gel product of claim 15 wherein the
non-ionic emulsifier further comprises a fatty alcohol ethoxylate
with relatively shorter polyethylene oxide chain.
17. The post-foaming shaving gel product of claim 16 wherein the
fatty alcohol ethoxylates with relatively long and relatively
shorter polyethylene oxide chains are provided in a ratio in the
range of from about 1:1 to 1:3.
18. The post-foaming shaving gel product of claim 14 wherein the
non-ionic emulsifier comprises a blend of a relatively more
hydrophobic surfactant and a relatively more hydrophilic
surfactant.
19. The post-foaming shaving gel product of claim 12 wherein the
first and second post-foaming shave gel bases are substantially
free of soaps and ionic surfactants.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to post-foaming shave gel
compositions.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, a widely used form of shaving preparation is the
type referred to as a post-foaming shave gel. These post-foaming
shave gels are now well-known and have been described, for example,
in U.S. Pat. No. 2,995,521 (Bluard), U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,581
(Monson), U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,489 (Sisbarro), U.S. Pat. No.
4,528,111 (Su), U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,503 (Anderson), U.S. Pat. No.
5,248,495 (Patterson), U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,643 (Osipow), U.S. Pat.
No. 5,326,556 (Barnet), U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,211 (George), U.S. Pat.
No. 5,560,859 (Hartmann) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,343 (Szymczak).
Such compositions generally take the form of an oil-in-water
emulsion in which the post-foaming agent, generally a volatile
(i.e., low boiling point) aliphatic hydrocarbon, is solubilized in
the oil phase, and the water phase comprises a water-dispersible
soap or interrupted soap component. The product is generally
packaged in an aerosol container with a barrier, such as a piston
or collapsible bag, to separate the post-foaming gel from the
propellant required for expulsion of the product. The product is
dispensed as a clear, translucent or opaque gel that is
substantially free from foaming until it is spread over the skin,
at which time it produces a foam lather generated by the
volatilization of the volatile hydrocarbon foaming agent.
[0003] Users of wet-shave razors generally appreciate a feeling of
warmth against their skin during shaving. The warmth feels good,
and also causes the user's skin to hydrate and beard to soften,
resulting in a more comfortable shave.
[0004] Various attempts have been made to provide a warm feeling
during shaving. For example, shaving foams have been formulated to
react exothermically upon release from the shaving canister, so
that the foam imparts warmth to the skin, e.g., as described in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,341,418.
SUMMARY
[0005] The invention features heated post-foaming shave gels. The
shave gels are heated after delivery by an exothermic reaction that
occurs when two components of the shave gel that are separated
prior to delivery are mixed during or after delivery.
[0006] Preferred post-foaming shave gels have a non-ionic
emulsifier base, rather than a soap base. By "non-ionic," we mean
that there is no more than 1% by weight of any ionic material in
the emulsifier base. Preferably, there is no more than 1% by weight
of any ionic material in the gel compositions. Thus, the preferred
shave gels are substantially free of soaps and of anionic
surfactants. The non-ionic, soap-free formulation is compatible
with and stable in the presence of the actives that are used to
generate the warm sensation. The non-ionic base may also offer
additional advantages such as alleviating the problems associated
with soap-based products. The shave gels include an emulsifier
system that includes fatty alcohol ethoxylates with relatively
longer and shorter polyethylene oxide chains, as will be discussed
below.
[0007] In one aspect, the invention features a shaving gel
including a post-foaming shave gel base, and heating reagents
selected to provide an exothermic reaction during use of the
shaving gel.
[0008] The post-foaming shave gel base may include an oil-in-water
emulsion including a non-ionic emulsifier. The heating reagents may
include an oxidizing agent, e.g., a peroxide, and a reducing agent,
e.g., selected from the group consisting of thiosulfate and sulfite
compounds, compounds with a thiourea backbone, and mixtures
thereof. The shave gel may be provided in the form of an oxidant
component and a reductant component that are maintained separate
until the shave gel is dispensed by a user.
[0009] The non-ionic emulsifier may include a fatty alcohol
ethoxylate with a relatively long polyethylene oxide chain, and may
further include a fatty alcohol ethoxylate with a relatively
shorter polyethylene oxide chain. Preferably, the fatty alcohol
ethoxylate with a relatively long polyethylene oxide chain and the
fatty alcohol ethoxylate with a relatively shorter polyethylene
oxide chain are provided in a ratio in the range of from about 1:1
to 1:3. The shaving gel may also include an emollient. Each
emulsifier's hydrophilic (water-loving) part includes polyhydric
alcohols and polyoxyethylene chains. Typical lipophilic parts may
be long hydrocarbon chains, as in the fatty acids, a cyclic
hydrocarbon, or a combination of the two. Chiefly hydroxyl groups
and ether linkages from polyhydric alcohols and polyoxyethylene
chains generate the hydrophilic action.
[0010] In another aspect, the invention features a post-foaming
shave gel product including, a two-component container having two
separate chambers; disposed in one chamber, an oxidant component
comprising a first post-foaming shave gel base including an
oxidizing agent, and, disposed in the other chamber, a reductant
component comprising a second post-foaming shave gel base including
a reducing agent.
[0011] Generally, the first and second post-foaming shave gel bases
are provided in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The first and
second post-foaming shave gel bases may include a non-ionic
emulsifier.
[0012] Some implementations exhibit one or more of the following
advantages. The shave gels provide a pleasant, warm feeling to the
user before and during shaving, in combination with the aesthetic
properties of a post-foaming gel. The heating effect of the gels
helps to hydrate a user's beard and prepare the beard for shaving,
improving user comfort. The gels are shelf stable, and dispense
from their packaging in an attractive, aesthetic gelled form. After
dispensing, the gels provide a smooth, creamy, stable lather that
develops quickly when the gels are spread over the skin. The lather
remains creamy and stable when the gel is heated. The gels provide
desirable performance properties such as lubricity and
skin-friendliness, which are maintained during and after heating.
The chemistry of the heating system that is used to heat the gel is
safe for use on the skin and does not irritate the skin.
[0013] Other features and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the description and drawings, and from the
claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Preferred post-foaming shaving gel compositions include
water, a system of water-soluble polymers, a non-ionic emulsifier
including a blend of relatively more hydrophilic and relatively
more hydrophobic non-ionic surfactants, an emollient, e.g., an oil,
one or more thickeners, heating reagents (oxidizing agent and
reducing agent), and a post-foaming agent.
[0015] The compositions are provided in the form of an oil-in-water
emulsion that is divided into two phases, (a) an oxidant phase
containing the oxidizing agent and (b) a reductant phase containing
the reducing agent. Any ingredients that could be easily oxidized
by the oxidizing agent during the product shelf life are included
in the reductant phase. These two phases are maintained separate in
the packaging of the shaving gel composition, as will be discussed
further below, and are mixed during or after dispensing. When the
two phases are mixed, an exothermic reaction occurs that heats the
gel. If the exothermic reaction generates an acid that might tend
to irritate the user's skin, the reductant composition generally
includes a neutralizing agent to neutralize this acid.
[0016] The ingredients of the composition will be discussed in
detail below.
[0017] The blend of surfactants is selected to provide several
functions. The surfactant blend functions as an emulsifier,
solubilizer, detergent, and spreading or dispersing agent. First,
the surfactants provide an emulsion that is stable during the shelf
life of the product, allowing the product to be dispensed as a gel
exhibiting little or no phase separation. Second, the surfactants
provide lathering during post-foaming. Third, the surfactants are
capable of providing a lather that will remain stable at elevated
temperatures, i.e., the temperatures the gel will reach during
heating, typically about 35 to 50.degree. C. By "stable," we mean
that the lathered gel will not puddle in the user's hand or drip
from the user's face, but will instead maintain substantially the
same consistency before, during and after heating. The blend of
surfactants is generally present in both the oxidant and reductant
components, so that both components can be provided as stable
emulsions that can be dispensed in gel form.
[0018] Suitable nonionic surfactants have hydrophilic groups, e.g.,
hydroxyl groups and ether linkages from polyhydric alcohols and
polyoxyethylene chains. Because they are stable in the presence of
mild acids and alkalis, nonionic surfactants provide flexibility of
formulation that is generally not possible using soaps.
[0019] Suitable surfactant blends may include, as a relatively more
hydrophilic surfactant, a long chain fatty alcohol ethoxylate,
i.e., an ether of fatty alcohol and polyethylene oxide having a
polyethylene oxide chain length of at least 15. Preferred long
chain fatty alcohol ethoxylates generally have a fatty alcohol
chain length of C.sub.12 to C.sub.24, a degree of unsaturation of
0-2, and a polyethylene oxide chain length of 20-100 ethylene oxide
units. Thus, preferred long chain fatty alcohol ethoxylates have
the general formula:
CH.sub.3--(CH.sub.2).sub.x--CH.sub.2--O--(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.y---
CH.sub.2OH, Where X=10-20, Y=19-99
[0020] A preferred long chain fatty alcohol ethoxylate is Steareth
100 (100 indicates the polyethylene oxide chain length). Other long
chain fatty alcohol ethoxylates may be used, e.g., Ceteth 100.
Surfactants with an HLB range of 8-18 are generally preferred, to
provide a translucent to clear solution and good oil-in-water
emulsification.
[0021] Suitable surfactant blends may include, as a relatively
hydrophobic component, a relatively shorter chain length fatty
alcohol ethoxylate, i.e., a fatty alcohol ethoxylate having a
polyethylene oxide chain length of less than about 25. Preferred
short chain length ethoxylates generally have a fatty alcohol chain
length of C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 and a polyethylene oxide chain
length of 15-25, for example Ceteth 20 and Steareth-20.
[0022] The two surfactants are included in a ratio that provides
the desired aesthetic and performance properties to the gel.
Including more of the relatively hydrophobic surfactant will
generally provide a stiffer gel with higher clarity but less
lathering ability. On the other hand, including more of the
relatively hydrophilic surfactant will provide greater lathering
ability but may reduce clarity and produce a softer gel. The
hydrophobic portion is generally made up of alkyl groups whilst the
hydrophilic portion is provided by ethylene oxide units. Thus, the
relative amounts of the two surfactants may be adjusted to obtain a
desired balance of properties. For a clear gel having good
consistency and lathering, a suitable ratio of the hydrophobic
surfactant to the hydrophilic surfactant would generally be in the
range of 1:1 to 1:3. The total amount of the two surfactants in the
composition is generally in the range of 5 to 15%, preferably 8 to
12% by weight. Including too high a level of the surfactants may
result in a gel that is too stiff and thus does not transition
quickly to a foam when spread on the skin, while including too low
a level of the surfactants may result in a gel that is not
sufficiently stiff and thus may phase separate in the container, or
may come out of the container as a foam. Two fatty alcohol
ethoxylates in combination serve to stabilize the oil droplets,
which are distributed in the water phase and in which the blowing
gas resides.
[0023] It is preferred that the compositions include emollients, to
provide desirable cosmetic properties. The oil phase of the
emulsion may include any desired emollient that is safe for use in
a shaving gel, is compatible with the other ingredients of the
composition, and provides the desired aesthetics and in-shave
lubricity. Suitable emollients include mineral oil, petrolatum,
squalane/squalene, hydrogenated/unsaturated polyisobutene and
mixtures thereof. These emollients are suitable for use with the
surfactant blends discussed above. Preferably, the composition
contains from about 1 to 15% of the emollient, more preferably
about 3 to 12% and most preferably about 4 to 8%, by weight of the
composition. The emollient is provided in both components. When
such emollients are included, it is generally preferred that the
surfactants discussed above have an HLB in the range of 8-13 and
that the surfactants be used in the ratios discussed above.
Non-volatile paraffinic emollients, such as mineral oil, generally
also aid in gelling the composition. The term "non-volatile" means
that these materials are liquid at room temperature and have a
relatively high boiling point (>100.degree. C.).
[0024] The thickener is included to improve the consistency and
stability of the gel, as well as to adjust its viscosity. The
thickener also generally provides body to the foam. A preferred
thickener is a fatty alcohol. Suitable fatty alcohols have a chain
length of 12-22, and a degree of unsaturation of 0-1. Suitable
fatty alcohols include, e.g., myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol,
cocoyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol,
stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol. Generally the composition
includes about 1 to 10% by weight of a fatty alcohol thickener.
[0025] In addition, the composition may include other suitable
water-soluble thickeners, including, for example, hydroxyalkyl
cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl
cellulose (sold under the trademarks "Natrosol" and "Klucel"
respectively), carboxymethyl cellulose, and cellulose methyl ether
(sold under the trademark "Methocel"). Other suitable thickeners
include other polysaccharides, e.g., Xanthan gum, guar gum,
modified starch, carageenan, and mixtures thereof.
[0026] The thickener may also include an ethoxylated or
non-ethoxylated fatty ester such as PEG-150 distearate, PEG-150
pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate,
pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, and mixtures thereof. To formulate a
solid gel with good visco-elastic properties, it is generally
preferable to include both aqueous thickeners (e.g., polysaccharide
polymers, polyethylene oxides) and non-aqueous thickeners (e.g.,
fatty alcohols, pentaerythrityl fatty esters).
[0027] The thickener is typically included in an amount sufficient
to provide a desired consistency and stability. Generally, the
composition includes the thickener at a level of about 0.01% to
10%, preferably about 0.1% to 7%, by weight of the composition.
Thickeners are included in both components of the composition. It
is preferred that the thickener used in the oxidant be stable in
the presence of an oxidizing agent. A suitable thickener for this
purpose is poly(vinyl alcohol).
[0028] As discussed above, the heating reagents generally include
an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. Suitable oxidizing agents
include peroxides, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peroxomonosulfate,
peroxodisulfate, urea hydrogen peroxide, and t-butyl peroxide.
[0029] Suitable reducing agents are those that will react with the
oxidizing agent when the two components of the formulation are
mixed, to generate an exothermic reaction. Suitable reducing agents
should also be safe for use on human skin in the amounts used in
the formulation. The reducing agent may include, for example,
thiosulfate and sulfite compounds, such as sodium sulfite, sodium
thiosulfate, ammonium thiostilfate, potassium thiosulfate, and
thiourea. Other suitable reducing agents include compounds with a
thiourea backbone, such as 1,5 diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid or its
derivatives, or ascorbic acid. Mixtures of the above reducing
agents, and other suitable reducing agents, may also be used.
[0030] Water is the major component of the composition and is used
in sufficient quantities to solubilize the surfactant components
and form the continuous phase of the emulsion, while providing a
stable gel of suitable viscosity with desirable lathering and
rinsing properties. It is added in a sufficient quantity (q.s) to
bring the total of all components to 100%. The quantity of water in
the composition typically falls within the range of about 55 to
90%, preferably about 60 to 85%.
[0031] The oxidizing agent and reducing agent are generally
included in stoichiometric proportions, based on the redox reaction
that will occur. The redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide with
sodium thiosulfate is as follows:
2S.sub.2O.sub.3.sup.2-+H.sub.2O.sub.2S.sub.4O.sub.6.sup.2-+2OH.sup.-
[0032] In the presence of catalyst the reaction is as follows:
Na.sub.2S.sub.2O.sub.3+4H.sub.2O.sub.2
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4+3H.sub.2O+H.sub.2S- O.sub.4
[0033] The total amount of the two components is selected to
provide a desired level of heat and duration of the exothermic
reaction. Preferably, the maximum temperature obtained by the gel
during the reaction is from about 30 to 60.degree. C., and this
temperature is reached about 10 to 45 seconds after the two
components are mixed (this is the temperature the gel reaches when
the oxidant and reductant phase of the gel are mixed in a beaker in
stoichiometric amounts that provide a total weight of 10 grams of
the gel; when a typical amount of 5 to 8 grams of gel are applied
to the skin, the actual temperature on the skin is typically about
28 to 45.degree. C.). When the oxidizing agents and reducing agents
described above are used, the composition generally includes about
2 to 10% of the oxidizing agent and about 2 to 10% of the reducing
agent, in stoichiometric proportions.
[0034] To obtain the heat profile described above, it is generally
necessary to include a catalyst in the composition. The catalyst is
selected to catalyze the exothermic reaction, without deleterious
effects on the skin or on the properties of the gel. The catalyst
is generally included in the reductant component of the
composition. Suitable catalysts for the oxidizing agents and
reducing agents described above include sodium molybdate, potassium
molybdate, ammonium molybdate, sodium tungstate, potassium
tungstate, and mixtures thereof. The composition generally includes
from 0 to 1.5% of the catalyst, by weight.
[0035] If the exothermic reaction generates an acid, as the
reaction of the oxidizing and reducing agents discussed above will
generally do, it is preferred that the composition also include a
neutralizing agent. The neutralizing agent is selected and is
provided in a sufficient amount so as to neutralize enough of the
acid so that the composition will not irritate the user's skin.
Preferably, substantially all of the acid is neutralized. Suitable
neutralizing agents include, for example, triethanolamine, alkaline
bicarbonates, oxides and hydroxides, e.g., calcium oxide, potassium
bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Generally,
for the redox chemistries described above, the composition will
include about 0.5 to 10% of such a neutralizer.
[0036] The shaving composition may include additional non-ionic
and/or amphoteric co-surfactants, typically in an amount of about
1% to about 6%, preferably about 2% to about 5%, by weight.
[0037] Suitable non-ionic surfactants include the fatty esters of
polyhydro alcohols (e.g. polyglyceryl mono oleate), polyoxyethylene
fatty esters of glycerides and fatty amides, particularly the
alkyl-substituted fatty amides. These surfactants will generally
have about 6 to about 100, preferably about 20 to about 50,
ethylene oxide units per molecule. Typical non-ionic surfactants
include, for example, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil and
decaglycerol monooleate. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include,
for example, the betaines and sultaines such as cocoamidopropyl
betaine, coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, coco sultaine and the
like. These amphoteric surfactants may tend to function as foam
boosters and stabilizers, providing additional heat stability for
the foam and preventing puddling. It is preferred that the
composition include from about 0.2 to 1.0% of an amphoteric
surfactant as a foam booster.
[0038] Other suitable co-surfactants include sodium lauroyl
lactylate, sodium caproyl lactylate, and alkyl polyglucosides.
[0039] For thickening and/or increased lubricity, the shaving
composition may also include a lubricious water soluble polymer,
typically in an amount of about 0.005% to about 4%, preferably
about 0.01% to about 1.0%, by weight. Such polymers will typically
have a molecular weight between about 300,000 and 15,000,000
daltons. Suitable polymers include, for example,
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), PVP/vinyl acetate copolymer,
polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
[0040] The post-foaming agent may be any volatile hydrocarbon or
halohydrocarbon with a sufficiently low boiling point that it will
volatilize and foam the gel upon application to the skin, but not
so low that it causes the gel to foam prematurely. The typical
boiling point of such an agent generally falls within the range of
-20' to 40.degree. C. Preferred post-foaming agents are selected
from saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms,
such as n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-butane, isobutane, and
mixtures thereof. Most preferred is a mixture of isopentane and
isobutane in a weight ratio (IP:IB) of about 1:1 to about 9:1,
preferably about 2:1 to about 7:1, most preferably about 3:1. The
post-foaming agent will normally be selected so as to provide a
vapor pressure at 20.degree. C. of about 3 to about 20 psig,
preferably about 5 to about 15 psig. The post-foaming agent will be
present in an amount to provide the shaving composition with a
sufficiently rapid turnover--that is, transition from gel to foam
when contacted with the skin--typically, in about 2 to about 30
seconds, preferably in about 5 to about 15 seconds. The
post-foaming agent is generally included in both the oxidant and
reductant components, and may be added to concentrates formed by
pre-mixing the other ingredients of each component.
[0041] Although not necessary to forming a useful shaving
composition, other cosmetic ingredients may be advantageously added
to improve the application aesthetics and/or achieve other shave
benefits. For example, the composition may include one or more of
the following components: beard wetting agents, skin conditioning
agents (vitamin precursors and derivatives such as e.g., vitamins
A, C and E, aloe, allantoin, panthenol, alpha-hydroxy acids,
phospholipids, triglycerides, botanical oils, amino acids), foam
boosters, emollients (e.g., sunflower oil, fatty esters, squalane),
humectants (e.g., glycerin, sorbitol, pentylene glycol),
fragrances, colorants, antioxidants, preservatives, and other such
ingredients.
[0042] The oxidant and reductant phases are maintained separate
from each other until the product is dispensed. This may be
accomplished using any desired type of two-component packaging,
e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,241,722, 3,454,198, and
6,250,505, and in co-pending U.S. Ser. No. 10/283,033, filed Oct.
29, 2002, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by
reference. Generally, suitable packaging includes a pressurized
canister including two components, e.g., defined by two bags.
[0043] The gels described above may be formed using any suitable
manufacturing process. An example of a suitable process is as
follows. The thickeners are added to the water and allowed to
hydrate over a period of time (30-60 minutes). The entire batch is
then heated to 85-90.degree. C. During the heating step, mineral
oil, co-thickeners (Myristyl alcohol, PEG-150) and surfactants are
added. The mixture is maintained at 85-90.degree. C. with mixing
for 30 minutes. Then the mixture is allowed to cool to room
temperature. During the cooling phase, at 75.degree. C.,
neutralizer is added. The preceding steps form a shave gel
concentrate.
[0044] To form the reductant phase, actives such as sodium
thiosulfate and sodium molybdate are added to the concentrate
formed above, followed by the fragrance and dye, with mixing at
55.degree. C.
[0045] To form the oxidant phase, an aqueous solution of hydrogen
peroxide is added to the concentrate and mixed at 35-40.degree.
C.
[0046] At 35-45.degree. C., each of the oxidant and reductant
phases are blended with a post-foaming agent at the desired weight
percentage range of 3-4.5%. The shave gel is then packaged in a
two-component aerosol gel can, e.g., having a bag-in-bag assembly.
It is preferable to place the oxidant phase in the inner side of
the bag and the reductant phase in the outer side of the bag. Even
if there is a breach in the bag, having the oxidant phase in the
inner bag will generally ensure the integrity of the can.
EXAMPLE
[0047] Shave gels were manufactured according to the formulations
shown in the following tables.
[0048] Oxidant Phase:
1 SSEC-76-0 SSEC-107-0 SSEC-136-0 Ingredients Wt. % Wt. % Wt. %
Water 66.03 64.32 65.66 Hydrogen peroxide, 35% 11.50 11.50 11.50
soln. Myristyl alcohol 6.90 6.90 6.40 Mineral Oil 6.00 6.00 6.00
Steareth-100 4.72 2.80 4.72 Ceteth-20 4.72 8.00 4.72 PEG-150
distearate 0.08 0.08 -- Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 0.05 -- --
[Luviskol K-90 Powder] Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) 0.40 0.50 [Luviskol
K-90], 20% solution Cetearyl Alcohol (1:1) -- -- 0.50 SSEC-138-0
SSEC-141-0 Ingredients Wt. % Wt. % Water 65.56 64.05 Hydrogen
peroxide, 35% soln. 11.50 11.50 Myristyl alcohol 6.00 6.40 Mineral
Oil 6.00 6.00 Steareth-100 4.72 4.00 Steareth-20 4.72 5.50 PEG-150
distearate 0.10 0.05 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) [Luviskol 0.50 0.50
K-90], 20% solution Cetearyl Alcohol (1:1) 0.90 0.50
[0049] Reductant Phase:
2 SSEC-85-1599 SSEC-89-1599 SSEC-90-1599 Ingredient Wt. % Wt. % Wt.
% Water 64.43 67.00 67.02 Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate 6.50 6.50
6.50 Myristyl alcohol 6.00 6.00 6.00 Mineral oil, 65/75 7.50 5.00
5.00 Steareth-100 2.80 2.80 2.80 Ceteth-20 8.00 8.00 8.00 PEG-150
distearate 0.15 0.08 0.08 WSR Sentry Coagulant (PEO) 0.02 0.02 --
Puregel B994 -- -- 0.50 Vanzan NF-C (Xanthan Gum) 0.50 0.50 --
Natrosol 250 HR 0.50 0.50 0.50 Sodium Molybdate dihydrate 0.20 0.20
0.20 Potassium bicarbonate 1.20 1.20 1.20 Fragrance, GPC-1599 1.50
1.50 1.50 Ritafactant 122 MS 0.50 0.50 0.50 FD & C Blue 1% dye
0.20 0.20 0.20 SSEC-91-1599 SSEC-98-1599 SSEC-101-1599 Ingredient
Wt. % Wt. % Wt. % Water 66.72 60.42 59.38 Sodium thiosulfate
pentahydrate 6.50 6.50 6.50 Myristyl alcohol 6.00 6.00 7.00 Mineral
oil 5.00 5.00 6.00 Steareth-100 2.80 2.80 2.80 Ceteth-20 8.00 8.00
-- Steareth-20 -- -- 8.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.08 0.08 0.20 Puregel
B994 0.50 0.50 -- Vanzan NF-C (Xanthan Gum) -- -- -- Promidium CO
0.50 Natrosol 250 HR 0.50 0.50 -- Superfloc N-300 LMW Flocculant --
-- 0.02 Sodium Molybdate dihydrate 0.50 1.00 0.70 Potassium
bicarbonate 1.20 -- -- Triethanolamine, 99% -- 7.00 7.00 Fragrance,
GPC-1599 1.50 1.50 1.50 Ritafactant 122 MS 0.50 0.50 -- FD & C
Blue 1% dye 0.20 0.20 0.40 SSEC-103-1599 SSEC-149-1599
SSEC-150-1599 Ingredient Wt. % Wt. % Wt. % Water 59.78 59.70 57.93
Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate 6.50 6.50 6.50 Myristyl alcohol
7.00 6.50 6.00 Mineral oil 6.00 5.00 7.00 Steareth-100 4.60 4.60
2.80 Steareth-20 5.70 5.70 8.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 0.30 0.15
Promidium CO 0.50 0.50 -- WSR Sentry Coagulant -- -- 0.02 Natrosol
250 HHR 0.20 0.40 -- Natrosol 250 HR -- -- 0.50 Vanzan NF-C 0.50
Superfloc N-300 LMW Flocculant 0.02 -- -- Cetearyl alcohol 50/50
0.90 -- Polyox WSR 205 0.30 -- Sodium Molybdate dihydrate 0.70 0.70
0.70 Triethanolamine, 99% 7.00 7.00 7.00 Fragrance, GPC-1599 1.50
1.50 1.50 FD & C Blue 1% dye 0.20 -- 0.40 Ritafactant 122MS
0.50 FD & C GY-3 0.40
[0050] Any of the reductant phases described above can be used with
any of the oxidant phases.
[0051] When dispensed, the formulations described above create a
dense foam, comparable to the type of foam that is generally
observed when using soap-based post-foaming shaving gels. When the
oxidant and reductant phases were mixed in stoichiometric
proportions to provide an amount of gel suitable for use in shaving
(approximately 8 grams), the formulations provided a pleasant
warming sensation. The foam did not collapse with the heat and
lasted for the entire period of shaving.
[0052] The following graph depicts a typical skin temperature
profile that is representative of the skin temperature profiles
observed when applying the formulations described above.
[0053] Other embodiments are within the scope of the following
claims.
* * * * *