U.S. patent application number 10/721698 was filed with the patent office on 2004-08-19 for heat exchange apparatus, system, and methods regarding same.
Invention is credited to Janssen, Terrance E..
Application Number | 20040159110 10/721698 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32469306 |
Filed Date | 2004-08-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040159110 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Janssen, Terrance E. |
August 19, 2004 |
Heat exchange apparatus, system, and methods regarding same
Abstract
A heat exchange apparatus (e.g., that may be used with an
existing conduit that is in a flooded state and a heat pump
apparatus or other HVAC apparatus of a thermal energy exchange
system) includes at least one fluid source conduit configured to
replace a section of the existing conduit that is in a flooded
state and further configured to permit at least a portion of a
fluid that is in the existing conduit to flow therethrough. The
heat exchange apparatus further includes at least one heat transfer
conduit having an inlet and outlet configured to be coupled to a
heat pump apparatus to form a closed loop therewith. Further, the
heat transfer conduit is further configured to communicate with the
fluid source conduit for providing thermal energy exchange between
the fluid flowing through the fluid source conduit and a fluid
(e.g., a refrigerant, water or a water and anti-freeze mixture)
flowing in the closed loop.
Inventors: |
Janssen, Terrance E.; (Palm
Harbor, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MUETING, RAASCH & GEBHARDT, P.A.
P.O. BOX 581415
MINNEAPOLIS
MN
55458
US
|
Family ID: |
32469306 |
Appl. No.: |
10/721698 |
Filed: |
November 25, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60429160 |
Nov 27, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/77 ; 62/126;
62/298 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02B 30/12 20130101;
Y02E 10/12 20130101; Y02E 10/10 20130101; F28D 7/024 20130101; F24D
3/18 20130101; F28D 7/0008 20130101; Y02B 10/40 20130101; F24T
10/10 20180501 |
Class at
Publication: |
062/077 ;
062/126; 062/298 |
International
Class: |
F25B 045/00; F25B
049/00; F25D 019/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A thermal energy exchange system for use with an existing
conduit that is in a flooded state, the system comprising: a heat
pump apparatus comprising an inlet and an outlet; and a heat
exchange apparatus, wherein the heat exchange apparatus comprises:
at least one fluid source conduit configured to replace a section
of the existing conduit that is in a flooded state and further
configured to permit at least a portion of a fluid in the existing
conduit to flow therethrough, and at least one heat transfer
conduit having a fluid inlet and fluid outlet configured to be
coupled to the inlet and outlet of the heat pump apparatus to form
a closed loop, wherein the at least one heat transfer conduit is
further configured to communicate with the fluid source conduit for
providing thermal energy exchange between the fluid flowing through
the fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed
loop.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the existing conduit that is in
the flooded state comprises a conduit associated with a potable
water source.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises
connection conduit configured to connect the at least one heat
transfer conduit of the heat exchange apparatus to the heat pump
apparatus to form the closed loop.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange apparatus
further comprises an enclosure structure configured to enclose at
least the at least one fluid source conduit and the at least one
heat transfer conduit.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the enclosure structure comprises
a lockable access portion.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the system further comprises: at
least one monitoring device for monitoring at least one parameter
associated with the thermal energy exchange system; and a parameter
controlled apparatus operable as a function of the at least one
monitored parameter.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one monitoring
device comprises at least one of a flow sensor, a fluid detection
device, a temperature sensor, and a contaminant detection
device.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the parameter controlled
apparatus comprises at least one of a display, an indicator, an
alarm, a shut off switch, and a recirculation pump.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid source
conduit comprises at least a first pipe extending along an axis
thereof, wherein the first pipe comprises an outer surface at a
radial distance from the axis, wherein the first pipe is configured
to replace the section of the existing conduit that is in the
flooded state, and further wherein the at least one heat transfer
conduit comprises a second pipe having a smaller diameter than the
first pipe and wrapped about the outer surface of the first pipe,
wherein the second pipe comprises an outer surface, and further
wherein at least a portion of the outer surface of the second pipe
comprises at least one flattened surface that is in direct contact
with a portion of the outer surface of the first pipe for providing
thermal energy exchange between the first pipe and the second
pipe.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the existing conduit that is in
the flooded state comprises a predetermined diameter, wherein the
at least one fluid source conduit comprises a plurality of fluid
source conduits, wherein each fluid source conduit comprises a
diameter that is less than the predetermined diameter of existing
conduit, and further wherein each of the plurality of fluid source
conduits is associated with a heat transfer conduit that is
configured to communicate with the associated fluid source conduit
for providing thermal energy exchange between a fluid flowing
through the associated fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in
the closed loop.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the heat exchange apparatus
further comprises one or more couplings to fluidly connect the
plurality of fluid source conduits to the existing conduit.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is a refrigerant.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is water or a water and anti-freeze mixture.
14. A heat exchange apparatus for use with an existing conduit that
is in a flooded state and a heat pump apparatus of a thermal energy
exchange system, wherein the heat exchange apparatus comprises: at
least one fluid source conduit configured to replace a section of
the existing conduit that is in the flooded state and further
configured to permit at least a portion of a fluid that is in the
existing conduit to flow therethrough; and at least one heat
transfer conduit having an inlet and outlet configured to be
coupled to the heat pump apparatus to form a closed loop therewith,
wherein the at least one heat transfer conduit is further
configured to communicate with the fluid source conduit for
providing thermal energy exchange between the fluid flowing through
the fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed
loop.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus further
comprises an enclosure structure configured to enclose at least the
at least one fluid source conduit and the at least one heat
transfer conduit.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the enclosure structure
comprises a lockable access portion.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus further
comprises at least one monitoring device for monitoring at least
one parameter associated with the thermal energy transfer
system.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one monitoring
device comprises at least one of a flow sensor, a fluid detection
device, a temperature sensor, and a contaminant detection
device.
19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one fluid
source conduit comprises at least a first pipe extending along an
axis thereof, wherein the first pipe comprises an outer surface at
a radial distance from the axis, wherein the first pipe is
configured to replace the section of the existing conduit that is
in the flooded state, and further wherein the at least one heat
transfer conduit comprises a second pipe having a smaller diameter
than the first pipe and wrapped about the outer surface of the
first pipe, wherein the second pipe comprises an outer surface, and
further wherein at least a portion of the outer surface of the
second pipe comprises at least one flattened surface that is in
direct contact with a portion of the outer surface of the first
pipe for providing thermal energy exchange between the first pipe
and the second pipe.
20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the existing conduit that is
in the flooded state comprises a predetermined diameter, wherein
the at least one fluid source conduit comprises a plurality of
fluid source conduits, wherein each fluid source conduit comprises
a diameter that is less than the predetermined diameter of existing
conduit, and further wherein each of the fluid source conduits is
associated with a heat transfer conduit that is configured to
communicate with the associated fluid source conduit for providing
thermal energy exchange between a fluid flowing through the
associated fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed
loop.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the apparatus further
comprises one or more couplings to fluidly connect the plurality of
fluid source conduits to the existing conduit when replaced
thereby.
22. A method for use in installing a thermal energy exchange system
comprising a heat pump apparatus, wherein the heat pump apparatus
comprises an inlet and an outlet, wherein the method comprises:
providing a heat exchange apparatus, wherein the heat exchange
apparatus comprises: at least one fluid source conduit configured
to replace a section of the existing conduit that is in the flooded
state and further configured to permit at least a portion of a
fluid that is in the existing conduit to flow therethrough, and at
least one heat transfer conduit having a fluid inlet and fluid
outlet configured to be coupled to the inlet and outlet of the heat
pump apparatus to form a closed loop, wherein the at least one heat
transfer conduit is further configured to communicate with the
fluid source conduit for providing thermal energy exchange between
the fluid flowing through the fluid source conduit and a fluid
flowing in the closed loop when the thermal energy exchange system
is operational; evacuating the fluid that is in the section of the
existing conduit to be replaced; removing the section of the
existing conduit; and fluidly coupling the at least one fluid
source conduit to the existing conduit that is in the flooded
state.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the existing conduit that is in
the flooded state comprises a conduit associated with a potable
water source.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises
connecting the at least one heat transfer conduit of the heat
exchange apparatus to the heat pump apparatus to form the closed
loop.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises
enclosing the heat exchange apparatus in an enclosure structure
configured with a lockable access portion.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises:
installing at least one monitoring device for monitoring at least
one parameter associated with the thermal energy exchange system;
and manipulating at least one parameter controlled apparatus as a
function of the at least one monitored parameter.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein fluidly coupling the at least
one fluid source conduit to the existing conduit that is in the
flooded state comprises: providing a plurality of fluid source
conduits, wherein each fluid source conduit comprises a diameter
that is less than a predetermined diameter of the existing conduit,
and further wherein each of the fluid source conduits is associated
with a heat transfer conduit that is configured to communicate with
the associated fluid source conduit for providing thermal energy
exchange between a fluid flowing through the associated fluid
source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed loop; and using
one or more couplings to fluidly connect the plurality of fluid
source conduits to the existing conduit.
28. A thermal energy exchange system for use with an existing
conduit that is in a flooded state, wherein the existing conduit
comprises a conduit associated with a potable water source, the
system comprising: a heat pump apparatus comprising an inlet and an
outlet; and a heat exchange apparatus, wherein the heat exchange
apparatus comprises: at least one fluid source conduit configured
to replace a section of the existing conduit that is in the flooded
state and further configured to permit at least a portion of a
fluid that is in the existing conduit to flow therethrough, at
least one heat transfer conduit having a fluid inlet and fluid
outlet configured to be coupled to the inlet and outlet of the heat
pump apparatus to form a closed loop, wherein the at least one heat
transfer conduit is further configured to communicate with the
fluid source conduit for providing thermal energy exchange between
the fluid flowing through the fluid source conduit and a fluid
flowing in the closed loop when the thermal energy exchange system
is operational, an enclosure structure configured to enclose at
least the at least one fluid source conduit and the at least one
heat transfer conduit, wherein the enclosure structure comprises a
lockable access portion; and at least one connection conduit
configured to connect the at least one heat transfer conduit of the
heat exchange apparatus to the heat pump apparatus to form the
closed loop.
29. The system of claim 28, wherein the system further comprises:
at least one monitoring device for monitoring at least one
parameter associated with the thermal energy exchange system; and a
parameter controlled apparatus operable as a function of the at
least one monitored parameter.
30. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one monitoring
device comprises at least one of a flow sensor, a fluid detection
device, a temperature sensor, and a contaminant detection
device.
31. The system of claim 29, wherein the parameter controlled
apparatus comprises at least one of a display, an indicator, an
alarm, a shut off switch, and a recirculation pump.
32. The system of claim 28, wherein the at least one fluid source
conduit comprises at least a first pipe extending along an axis
thereof, wherein the first pipe comprises an outer surface at a
radial distance from the axis, wherein the first pipe is configured
to replace the section of the existing conduit that is in the
flooded state, and further wherein the at least one heat transfer
conduit comprises a second pipe having a smaller diameter than the
first pipe and wrapped about the outer surface of the first pipe,
wherein the second pipe comprises an outer surface, and further
wherein at least a portion of the outer surface of the second pipe
comprises at least one flattened surface that is in direct contact
with a portion of the outer surface of the first pipe for providing
thermal energy exchange between the first pipe and the second
pipe.
33. The system of claim 28, wherein the existing conduit that is in
the flooded state comprises a predetermined diameter, wherein the
at least one fluid source conduit comprises a plurality of fluid
source conduits, wherein each fluid source conduit comprises a
diameter that is less than the predetermined diameter of existing
conduit, and further wherein each of the fluid source conduits is
associated with a heat transfer conduit that is configured to
communicate with the associated fluid source conduit for providing
thermal energy exchange between a fluid flowing through the
associated fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed
loop.
34. The system of claim 33, wherein the heat exchange apparatus
further comprises one or more couplings to fluidly connect the
plurality of fluid source conduits to the existing conduit.
35. The system of claim 28, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is a refrigerant.
36. The system of claim 28, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is water or a water and anti-freeze mixture.
37. A thermal energy exchange system for use with an existing
conduit that is in a flooded state, the system comprising: an HVAC
apparatus comprising an inlet and an outlet; and a heat exchange
apparatus, wherein the heat exchange apparatus comprises: at least
one fluid source conduit configured to replace a section of the
existing conduit that is in a flooded state and further configured
to permit at least a portion of a fluid in the existing conduit to
flow therethrough, and at least one heat transfer conduit having a
fluid inlet and fluid outlet configured to be coupled to the inlet
and outlet of the heat pump apparatus to form a closed loop,
wherein the at least one heat transfer conduit is further
configured to communicate with the fluid source conduit for
providing thermal energy exchange between the fluid flowing through
the fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the closed
loop.
38. The system of claim 37, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is a refrigerant.
39. The system of claim 37, wherein the fluid flowing in the closed
loop is water or a water and anti-freeze mixture.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/429,160, entitled "A Geothermal Loopless
Exchanger," filed 27 Nov. 2002, wherein such document is
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to heating and
cooling apparatus, methods, and systems. More particularly, the
present invention pertains to the use of heat exchangers in such
heating and cooling apparatus, methods, and systems.
[0003] Various geothermal heating and cooling systems for providing
space conditioning, including heating, cooling, and humidity
control, are available. Such geothermal systems may also provide
water heating, either to supplement or replace conventional water
heaters, pool heating and cooling, and refrigeration.
[0004] Many exemplary heat reclamation systems and earth exchange
systems (e.g., systems that are gravity flow, expensive,
complicated, and require periodic cleaning and maintenance to avoid
fouling (e.g., contamination of water supplies) and/or degradation
of heat recovery efficiency) have been described. For example,
various systems are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,798, entitled
"Method for Heating Water Used in an Appliance Connected Into a
Domestic Water Circuit and the Apparatus for Carrying Out said
Method," to Palazzetti et al., issued 30 Mar. 1982; U.S. Patent No.
4,352,391, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Recovering Heat in
Waste Water," to Jonsson, issued 5 Oct. 1982; U.S. Pat. No.
4,150,787, entitled "Method and Arrangement for Saving Energy in
Preparing Hot Water for Household," to Braathen, issued 24 Apr.
1979; U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,247, entitled "Energy Conservation in
Shower Bathing," to Berg, issued 17 Nov. 1981; U.S. Pat. No.
4,304,292, entitled "Shower," to Cardone et al., issued 8 Dec.
1981; U.S. Pat. No. 4,372,372, entitled "Shower Bath Economizer,"
to Hunter, issued 8 Feb. 1983; U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,613, entitled
"Energy Conserving Heat Pump System," to Morse et al., issued 28
Mar. 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,311, entitled "Equal Volume,
Contraflow Heat Exchanger," to Vasile et al., issued 28 Oct. 1986;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,538,418, entitled "Heat Pump," to Lawrence et al.,
issued 3 Sep. 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 6,138,744, entitled "Closed Loop
Geothermal Heat Exchanger," to Coffee, issued 31 Oct. 2000; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,671,608, entitled "Geothermal Direct Expansion Heat Pump
System," to Wiggs et al., issued 30 Sep. 1997; and U.S. Pat. No.
4,782,888, entitled "Community Thermal Energy Exchange System," to
Bardenheier, issued 8 Nov. 1988.
[0005] A geothermal exchange system, at least in one embodiment,
can generally be described as a system that simply transfers
thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the ground or groundwater into a
space (e.g., a space being conditioned during the winter months)
and/or transfers thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the space (e.g.,
a space being conditioned in the summer months) back into the
ground or groundwater. As the temperature of the ground or
groundwater remains fairly constant throughout the year, ranging
from, for example, about 35.degree. to 65.degree. Fahrenheit in
northern latitudes, operating efficiencies are high year-round.
[0006] For example, in many instances, a geothermal exchange system
may include a distribution system (e.g., a fan and/or duct work or
a water distribution system) that distributes thermal energy within
a space or object being heated or cooled; a ground or groundwater
heat exchanger that absorbs thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the
earth or water, or discharges thermal energy (e.g., heat) to the
earth or water; and a heat pump apparatus that transfers thermal
energy between the distribution system and the ground or
groundwater heat exchanger.
[0007] Generally, the distribution system is typical of any heating
or cooling system (e.g., a conventional furnace). For example, a
fan moves heated or cooled air through ducts to individual spaces
and returns air therethrough to the geothermal exchange system.
[0008] The geothermal heat pump apparatus may be a water source
geothermal heat pump or a direct exchange (DX) heat pump. Water
source geothermal heat pumps extract energy from the ground or
ground water sources. The water source geothermal heat pumps can
either be used in an open loop geothermal system or a closed loop
geothermal system.
[0009] In the case of an open loop system, water from a water well,
lake, river, pond or running spring (i.e., a water source) is piped
to the heat pump apparatus. The water goes through a small heat
exchanger inside the heat pump apparatus located next to a
refrigerant compressor also inside the heat pump. The small heat
exchanger of the heat pump includes coil pipes containing the
refrigerant (e.g., freon) that are wrapped with a coil containing
the ground water piped to the heat pump apparatus. The ground water
piped to the heat pump apparatus (e.g., typically around 50 to 60
degrees Fahrenheit) is used to modify the temperature of the
refrigerant in coils of the small heat exchanger of the heat pump.
After the water is pumped from the water source through the small
water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heat pump, the water is
returned to the same or a different water source.
[0010] As an alternative to running the pumped ground water in the
open loop system directly to the coil of the small heat exchanger
that also includes the coils containing refrigerant, the heat pump
may include an additional heat exchanger (e.g., such as, a plate
and frame or a shell and tube heat exchanger) that can be used to
receive the ground water piped to the heat pump. The additional
heat exchanger receives the pumped ground water on one side thereof
and includes a closed loop pipe on the other side that is
associated with a portion of the small heat exchanger that includes
refrigerant in one set of coils thereof. The closed loop pipe may
contain, for example, water and an anti-freeze type solution (e.g.,
a solution containing a glycol component). The closed loop pipe
containing water and anti-freeze solution extracts energy from the
ground water piped to the additional heat exchanger. This open loop
system including use of the additional heat exchanger is usually
used where the ground water is of poor quality and/or contains
minerals that cause corrosion, etc. The additional heat exchanger
through which the ground water is piped is less expensive to
replace than the small heat exchanger containing the
refrigerant.
[0011] Closed loop systems are generally of two types, horizontal
and vertical. In a horizontal closed loop system, a series of
horizontal pipes (e.g., high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes) is
placed in the ground and connected to the heat pump apparatus such
that a solution flowing through the closed loop flows through a
small heat exchanger inside the heat pump apparatus located next to
the refrigerant compressor, which is also inside the heat pump. The
closed loop contains a solution (e.g., usually a water and
anti-freeze solution (e.g., a solution containing a glycol
component). As the solution flows through the closed loop, and as
such, through the buried pipes in the ground, the solution extracts
the thermal energy from the ground and transfers it to the small
heat exchanger in the heat pump. Like the open loop system, the
small heat exchanger of the heat pump includes coil pipes
containing the refrigerant (e.g., freon) that are wrapped with a
coil containing the solution that is flowing in the closed loop.
The solution flowing in the closed loop that has been modified by
the ground is used to modify the temperature of the refrigerant in
the coils of the small heat exchanger of the heat pump
apparatus.
[0012] A vertical closed loop system operates in substantially the
same manner as the horizontal pipe closed loop system with one
exception. In the vertical closed loop system, the pipes are placed
vertically in bored holes in the ground.
[0013] Generally, in such water source heat pump closed systems, in
both the vertical and the horizontal closed loops, water or a
water/antifreeze mixture in the pipes remains within the pipes for
the life of the system.
[0014] With respect to both the open loop and closed loop systems,
the geothermal heat pump apparatus may be configured as a water to
air, water source geothermal heat pump or a water to water, water
source geothermal heat pump. In the water to air, water source
geothermal heat pump configuration, the heat pump is associated
with a forced air system that distributes hot or cold air through a
conventional duct system for both supply and return air. In the
water to water, water source geothermal heat pump, the heat pump is
associated with a distribution system that distributes heating and
cooling through infloor radiant tubes or air handlers with water
coils. A water to water, water source geothermal heat pump has the
capability of heating water to 130 degrees Fahrenheit or cooling to
14 degrees Fahrenheit.
[0015] Generally, a geothermal water to air, water source heat pump
operates similarly to a conventional forced air furnace in terms of
hot and cold air distribution for the system in which it is used.
For example, air ducts and an air mover are used to distribute hot
or cold air throughout a space. However, with a conventional
furnace and air conditioner, the starting point is always the
outside temperature, whether it be 10.degree. below 0 or 90.degree.
above 0. This is also the case for air to air heat pumps. Such
units do not function effectively in temperatures below 30.degree..
Contrary to such systems, with a geothermal water source heat pump,
the starting point for such a thermal energy exchange system is the
ground or groundwater temperature.
[0016] With respect to the use of a DX heat pump in a geothermal
heat exchange system, a DX heat pump system, unlike a water source
heat pump system, uses a refrigerant closed loop including lines
thereof placed either horizontally or vertically in the ground.
Instead of HDPE pipe, generally, copper pipe is used. As the
refrigerant flows through the copper ground pipes, the refrigerant
extracts thermal energy from the earth and transfers it directly
into the compressor of the heat pump. The problems associated with
DX heat pump systems is the short life of the buried copper pipe,
unless a sacrificial metal softer than the copper is buried with
the copper tubing.
[0017] In operation, for example, of a DX heat pump closed system,
a heating cycle begins with the refrigerant flowing through the
buried loops where it absorbs thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the
ground or groundwater and evaporates to form a cooled gas (i.e.,
acting as an evaporator). The ground or groundwater in which the
loops are buried give up heat as the refrigerant flows through the
buried loops. The gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator passes
through conduit to a compressor, which compresses it, and raises
its temperature and pressure.
[0018] The hot, compressed gas then flows to an air handler
associated with an air distribution system (e.g., when an air
distribution system is used) which acts as a condenser in the
heating mode. Here, air flowing across the condenser absorbs heat
from the refrigerant and carries it throughout the space being
heated. As the refrigerant releases its heat, the refrigerant
condenses to form a liquid, which then flows through an expansion
device that reduces its pressure and, consequently, lowers its
temperature again. Finally, the refrigerant reenters the evaporator
(e.g., including the buried piping loops), and the cycle is
repeated.
[0019] For cooling, the above process is reversed. The compressor
sends the hot, dense gas directly to the buried piping loops (i.e.,
now acting as the condenser). The ground or groundwater absorbs
thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the refrigerant in the buried
loops. As the refrigerant gives up heat to the ground or
groundwater, the refrigerant cools and condenses into a liquid. The
cool liquid refrigerant flows through an expansion device (e.g.,
using an orifice or a valve), which further lowers its temperature
and pressure. The cold liquid refrigerant then flows through an air
handler associated with the air distribution system (e.g., when an
air distribution system is used) (i.e., which now acts as the
evaporator). For example, air from the space flows across the
evaporator tubing, giving up heat to the refrigerant inside the
tubes. The cooler air is moved through the space via, for example,
duct work. The warmed refrigerant evaporates as it absorbs heat
from the air, and then returns to the compressor to repeat the
cycle.
[0020] As described above, many previously installed geothermal
systems are associated with a closed ground loop (e.g., closed
ground loop systems that comprise buried pipes circulating through
the ground which extract energy from the ground as fluid therein
circulates). In northern climates, the ground loops can get as cold
as, for example, 28.degree. in the winter and as warm as 72.degree.
in the summer. Such systems, in many cases, function effectively,
however, they are generally expensive to install.
[0021] Although various geothermal systems are available, such
systems have associated disadvantages. For example, the cost of
installation for closed or open loop systems is generally high, as
well as are operational costs. Further, for example, many of such
systems are somewhat complex. Likewise, open loop groundwater
systems are difficult to get permitted by regulatory authorities
and further, many closed loop systems work inefficiently, and
sometimes not at all, in warmer climates.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0022] The present invention, as described below, addresses various
problems described above and other problems of prior art systems or
methods which will become apparent to one skilled in the art from
the description below. Generally, the present invention provides a
thermal energy exchange system for use with an existing conduit
that is in a flooded state. The system includes a heat pump
apparatus and a heat exchange apparatus. The heat pump apparatus
includes an inlet and an outlet. The heat exchange apparatus
includes at least one fluid source conduit configured to replace a
section of the existing conduit that is in the flooded state and
further configured to permit at least a portion of a fluid that is
in the existing conduit to flow therethrough. Further, the heat
exchange apparatus includes at least one heat transfer conduit
having a fluid inlet and fluid outlet configured to be coupled to
the inlet and outlet of the heat pump apparatus to form a closed
loop. The at least one heat transfer conduit is further configured
to communicate with the fluid source conduit for providing thermal
energy exchange between the fluid flowing through the fluid source
conduit and a fluid (e.g., water, water and anti-freeze mixture,
and refrigerant) flowing in the closed loop.
[0023] In one embodiment of the thermal energy exchange system, the
existing conduit that is in the flooded state includes a conduit
associated with a potable water source. However, other fluid
sources, such as wells, lakes, reclaimed water sources, etc., which
are in a pressurized state (i.e., a flooded state) may also be
used.
[0024] In another embodiment of the system, the system further
includes connection conduit configured to connect the at least one
heat transfer conduit of the heat exchange apparatus to the heat
pump apparatus to form the closed loop.
[0025] Yet further, the heat exchange apparatus may include, in
another embodiment, an enclosure structure configured to enclose at
least the fluid source conduit and the heat transfer conduit.
Preferably, the enclosure structure includes a lockable access
portion.
[0026] In yet another embodiment, the thermal energy exchange
system may include at least one monitoring device for monitoring at
least one parameter associated with the thermal energy exchange
system. Further, a parameter controlled apparatus operable as a
function of the at least one monitored parameter may be provided.
For example, such monitoring devices may include one or more flow
sensors, fluid detection devices, temperature sensors, detection
devices, etc. Further, for example, the parameter controlled
apparatus may include one or more devices such as a display, an
indicator, an alarm, a shut-off valve, a recirculation pump,
etc.
[0027] In yet still another embodiment of the thermal energy
exchange system, the at least one fluid source conduit includes at
least a first pipe extending along an axis thereof. The first pipe
includes an outer surface at a radial distance from the axis. The
first pipe is configured to replace the section of the existing
conduit that is in a flooded state. Further, the at least one heat
transfer conduit includes a second pipe having a smaller diameter
than the first pipe and wrapped about the outer surface of the
first pipe (e.g., the second pipe may be helically wound about the
first pipe). Further, the second pipe includes an outer surface,
and at least a portion of the outer surface of the second pipe may
include at least one flattened surface that is in direct contact
with a portion of the outer surface of the first pipe (e.g., for
providing thermal energy exchange between the first pipe and the
second pipe).
[0028] In another embodiment of the thermal energy exchange system,
the existing conduit, that is in a flooded state, includes a
predetermined diameter. In this embodiment, a plurality of fluid
source conduits are used. Each fluid source conduit includes a
diameter that is less than the predetermined diameter of the
existing conduit. Further, each of the plurality of fluid source
conduits is associated with a heat transfer conduit that is
configured to communicate with the associated fluid source conduit
for providing thermal energy exchange between a fluid flowing
through the associated fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in
the closed loop. In this embodiment, the heat exchange apparatus
may further include one or more couplings to fluidly connect the
plurality of fluid source conduits to the existing conduit (e.g.,
using a manifold coupling).
[0029] The heat exchange apparatus described above may be provided
separately and apart from the thermal energy exchange system.
Further, the associated elements and embodiments directed towards
such a heat exchange apparatus may be also separable from the
system.
[0030] Further, a method for use in installing a thermal energy
exchange system, including a heat pump apparatus (e.g., a heat pump
apparatus including an inlet and an outlet), is also described
herein. The method includes providing a heat exchange apparatus.
The heat exchange apparatus includes at least one fluid source
conduit configured to replace a section of an existing conduit that
is in a flooded state, and further configured to permit at least a
portion of a fluid that is in the existing conduit to flow
therethrough. The heat exchange apparatus further includes at least
one heat transfer conduit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet
configured to be coupled to the inlet and outlet of the heat pump
apparatus to form a closed loop. The at least one heat transfer
conduit is further configured to communicate with the fluid source
conduit for providing thermal energy exchange between the fluid
flowing through the fluid source conduit and a fluid flowing in the
closed loop when the thermal energy exchange system is operational.
The method further includes evacuating the fluid that is in the
section of the existing conduit to be replaced and removing a
section of the existing conduit. The at least one fluid source
conduit is fluidly coupled to the existing conduit that is in the
flooded state.
[0031] In various embodiments of the method, the method may further
include connecting the at least one heat transfer conduit of the
heat exchange apparatus to the heat pump apparatus to form the
closed loop; enclosing the heat exchange apparatus in an enclosure
structure configured with a lockable access portion; installing at
least one monitoring device for monitoring at least one parameter
associated with the thermal energy exchange system; manipulating at
least one parameter controlled apparatus as a function of at least
one monitored parameter; and/or providing a plurality of fluid
source conduits and using one or more couplings to fluidly connect
the plurality of fluid source conduits to the existing conduit.
[0032] Further, another thermal energy exchange system for use with
an existing conduit that is in a flooded state is also provided.
The existing conduit includes a conduit associated with a potable
water source. The thermal energy exchange system includes a heat
pump apparatus comprising an inlet and an outlet and a heat
exchange apparatus. The heat exchange apparatus includes at least
one fluid source conduit configured to replace a section of the
existing conduit that is in a flooded state and further configured
to permit at least a portion of a fluid that is in the existing
conduit to flow therethrough. The heat exchange apparatus further
includes at least one heat transfer conduit having a fluid inlet
and a fluid outlet configured to be coupled to the inlet and outlet
of the heat pump apparatus to form a closed loop. The at least one
heat transfer conduit is further configured to communicate with the
fluid source conduit for providing thermal energy exchange between
the fluid flowing through the fluid source conduit and a fluid
flowing in the closed loop when the thermal energy exchange system
is operational. Yet further, the heat exchange apparatus includes
an enclosure structure configured to enclose the at least one fluid
source conduit and the at least one heat transfer conduit (e.g.,
the enclosure structure may include a lockable access portion). The
thermal energy exchange system further includes at least one
connection conduit configured to connect the at least one heat
transfer conduit of the heat exchange apparatus to the heat pump
apparatus to form the closed loop.
[0033] Further, in one or more embodiments, one or more other HVAC
apparatus may be used in the thermal energy exchange system as an
alternate to the heat pump apparatus.
[0034] The above summary of the present invention is not intended
to describe each embodiment or every implementation of the present
invention. Advantages, together with a more complete understanding
of the invention, will become apparent and appreciated by referring
to the following detailed description and claims taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of an exemplary
thermal energy exchange system using a heat exchange apparatus that
is configured to replace a section of an existing conduit that is
in a flooded state in accordance with the present invention.
[0036] FIG. 2 is a general schematic diagram of an alternate
embodiment of a heat exchange apparatus that includes a plurality
of heat exchangers according to the present invention that may be
used in a thermal energy exchange system as shown generally in FIG.
1.
[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one exemplary embodiment of
a thermal energy exchange system, such as that shown generally in
FIG. 1.
[0038] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary heat exchanger
that may be used in the thermal energy exchange system shown
generally in FIG. 1.
[0039] FIG. 5A is a cross-section view of the exemplary heat
exchanger shown in FIG. 4 taken at Line 5A-5A.
[0040] FIG. 5B is an end view of the exemplary heat exchanger shown
in FIG. 4 and in the direction shown in FIG. 5A.
[0041] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of one exemplary installation
method for a thermal energy exchange system, such as the system
shown generally in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0042] The present invention shall generally be described with
reference to FIG. 1. Thereafter, various embodiments shall be
described with further reference to FIGS. 2-6.
[0043] FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a thermal energy exchange
system 10 according to the present invention. The thermal energy
exchange system 10 includes a heat exchange apparatus 12 and a heat
pump apparatus 14 (or any other heating/ventilating/air
conditioning (HVAC) apparatus also shown generally by reference
number 14). The heat pump apparatus 14 is coupled to the heat
exchange apparatus 12 by one or more connection conduits 16. The
heat pump apparatus 14 is associated with a thermal energy
distribution system 21.
[0044] In addition, the thermal energy exchange system 10 may
employ any (HVAC) apparatus, as opposed to including a geothermal
heat pump. For example, the closed loop including a fluid (e.g.,
refrigerant) therein as described further below, may be provided at
least in part by an HVAC apparatus that includes at least one of an
air handler that includes water and/or DX coils, a furnace that
includes heating and/or DX coils (e.g., gas, oil or electric), any
suitable condenser, a cooling tower, and/or an air to air heat
pump. In other words, the heat exchange apparatus 12 described
herein may be used with a closed loop containing, for example,
refrigerant in combination with any HVAC apparatus that can utilize
the thermal energy transferred to the refrigerant by the heat
exchange apparatus 12.
[0045] The present invention uses a heat exchange apparatus
including one or more heat exchangers (e.g., heat exchanger 13 as
shown in FIG. 1) configured to replace a section of an existing
conduit 18 that is in a flooded state, as represented by flooded
state fluid source 20 in FIG. 1. In other words, the heat exchange
apparatus 12 operates in a flooded state configuration, as opposed
to a gravity state configuration.
[0046] As used herein, a conduit being in a flooded state refers to
a conduit that is constantly (i.e., at all times) full as a result
of a pressurized fluid source (e.g., a forced water source). For
example, the fluid source 20 (and, as such, the existing conduit 18
associated therewith) may be part of a city water main, wherein a
pressurized city water supply flows through the heat exchange
apparatus 12 (e.g., the heat exchanger 13 replaces a section of a
city water main conduit). Further, for example, the fluid source 20
may include a natural spring, well, or river, as long as there is a
pressurized flow of fluid provided thereby that completely fills
the fluid source conduit 15 of the heat exchange apparatus 12 that
replaces a section of existing conduit (e.g., a source that is
being pumped or otherwise pressurized). Yet further, for example,
other embodiments of the heat exchange apparatus 12 may be used
with a lake or pond or other still water source, for example, with
the addition of a pump, to provide the pressurization of the fluid
source (e.g., a pump to provide a flow of water through the heat
exchange apparatus 12 that completely fills the fluid source
conduit 15 thereof). One skilled in the art will understand that
the existing conduit according to the present invention is in a
flooded state except under extraordinary circumstances, e.g., when
the section of existing conduit is being replaced with the heat
exchanger 12, when a water main is malfunctioning, etc. As such,
under normal circumstances, the existing conduit is in a flooded
state.
[0047] Yet further, the heat exchange apparatus 12 may be adapted
to be used with a solar heat source system, wherein the heat
exchange apparatus 12 would be configured to replace a conduit
section of the solar heat source system in a manner such that, for
example, a fluid heated by solar energy would be pumped through the
heat exchange apparatus 12 to allow for transfer of heat from the
solar-heated fluid.
[0048] Further, one skilled in the art will recognize that various
fluids from which thermal energy may be exchanged can be used as
the fluid of the flooded state fluid source 20. For example, the
fluid source 20 may include a fluid such as water, a refrigerant,
or any other heat transfer fluid that is provided under pressure
through the heat exchange apparatus 12. Further, for example, the
flooded state fluid source 20 may be a reclaimed water line.
However, such a reclaimed water line would be one that is in a
flooded state as opposed to one that is not in a flooded state
(e.g., a reclaimed water line that is pressurized and that may, for
example, be used for watering purposes, as opposed to a reclaimed
water line that is not completely full and/or receives only
periodic water flow or a non-constant flow of fluid).
[0049] As will be readily understandable to one skilled in the art,
the term existing as used herein with the term conduit, does not
necessarily refer only to previously existing conduit of a system
(e.g., a water main) that has already been installed and is
replaced by a heat exchanger. Rather, the term existing also could
refer to conduit that would normally be a part of a system (e.g.,
whether new or old) that is replaced by the heat exchange apparatus
12 according to the present invention, wherein the conduit replaced
was never actually installed but rather the heat exchanger was
substituted for it during installation. As such, as used herein,
the term replaced when referring to a section of existing conduit
that is replaced may also mean the substitution of a heat exchanger
for conduit that would have otherwise been installed but for the
employment of the heat exchanger.
[0050] Generally, the heat exchange apparatus 12 includes at least
one heat exchanger 13 that includes at least one fluid source
conduit 15 configured to replace a section of the existing conduit
18 that is in a flooded state and further configured to permit at
least a portion of fluid 20 that is in the existing conduit 18 to
flow therethrough. Further, the heat exchange apparatus 12 includes
at least one heat transfer conduit 17 having fluid inlet/outlet 24,
26 configured to be coupled to inlet/outlet 30, 32 of heat pump
apparatus 14 to form a closed loop, as represented by arrows 36.
The at least one heat transfer conduit 17 is configured to
communicate with the at least one fluid source conduit 15 for
providing thermal energy exchange between the fluid 20 flowing
through the fluid source conduit 15 and a fluid flowing in the
closed loop 36 when the thermal energy exchange system 10 is
operational.
[0051] For example, in one embodiment, the heat exchange apparatus
includes an inner pipe or conduit through which the fluid 20 (e.g.,
water of a pressurized water source) will flow. The inner pipe or
conduit is wrapped (e.g., helically wound) by another heat transfer
pipe or conduit (e.g., coiled about the inner pipe) through which a
heat transfer fluid flows (e.g., through which a refrigerant or
water flows).
[0052] In another embodiment, for example, the heat exchange
apparatus 12 includes at least a first pipe extending along an axis
thereof. The first pipe includes an outer surface at a radial
distance from the axis. The first pipe is configured to replace the
section of the existing conduit 18 that is in a flooded state.
Further, the heat exchange apparatus 12 includes a second pipe
having a smaller diameter than the first pipe and wrapped about the
outer surface of the first pipe. The second pipe also includes an
outer surface. At least a portion of the outer surface of the
second pipe includes at least one flattened surface that is in
direct contact with a portion of the outer surface of the first
pipe. As such, the two pipes are in communication with one another
and provide thermal energy exchange therebetween.
[0053] As used herein, when one conduit is referred to as being
wrapped about another conduit, such wrapping may be provided in any
number of different configurations. For example, in one
configuration, such wrapping is performed such that the conduit is
helically wound around the other conduit, such as shown in FIG. 4.
However, wrapping may also refer to other forms of providing
communication between the heat transfer conduit 17 and the fluid
source conduit 15, such as coiling the heat transfer conduit 17
longitudinally along the fluid source conduit 15 as opposed to
being wound helically about the fluid source conduit 15. Although
any number of different wrapping configurations may be used,
preferably a helically wound configuration is used. With use of a
wrapped configuration, the length of conduit necessary to provide
adequate thermal energy exchange can be reduced, for example,
relative to other types of closed looped geothermal systems (e.g.,
buried pipe loops).
[0054] The heat exchange apparatus 12 is configured such that the
fluid flowing in the closed loop 36 never mixes with the fluid 20
flowing through conduit 18 (e.g., such fluid would have to go
through two walls of conduit to mix). Thus, contamination of the
flooded state fluid source 20 is prevented, providing for safe
operation of the thermal energy exchange system 10.
[0055] The heat exchange apparatus 12 is configured such that the
flooded state fluid source (e.g., a flooded water supply) can pass
therethrough (e.g., through the fluid source conduit 15), providing
a substantially even temperature in a constant manner (e.g.,
uninterrupted) for use in thermal energy transfer. On the other
hand, for example, many other heat exchangers conventionally used
utilize stagnant or gravity heat sources which may fluctuate in
their respective heat intensities. Further, the constant forced
flow of fluid (e.g., water through a city water main) allows for
more rapid thermal energy transfer (e.g., heating or cooling) than
conventional systems.
[0056] With further reference to FIG. 1, the fluid source conduit
15 is fluidly coupled to existing conduit 18 by one or more
couplings 33, 35. For example, such couplings may include slip form
couplings, boot fittings, clamped connections, or any other
suitable coupling for providing a fluid tight seal between the
fluid source conduit 15 and existing conduit 18.
[0057] The heat exchange apparatus 12 is fluidly coupled to the
heat pump apparatus 14 by the connection conduit 16, as described
above. For example, heat pump apparatus 14 includes inlet/outlet
30, 32 which are coupled to the inlet/outlet 24, 26 by the
connection conduit 16 (e.g., supply and return lines). The
connection conduit 16 (e.g., supply and return lines) may be any
suitable conduit, for example, high density polyethylene (HDPE)
pipe may be used for the supply and return lines of the closed loop
36 between the heat exchange apparatus 12 and the heat pump 14 or
copper lines may be used in certain configurations with a
sacrificial metal positioned proximate thereto (e.g., in a DX heat
pump closed loop system).
[0058] One or more suitable couplings 19 may be used to provide
coupling of the connection conduit 16 to the inlet/outlet 24, 26 of
the heat exchange apparatus 12 and the inlet/outlet 30, 32 of the
heat pump apparatus. Such couplings may include, for example, iron
pipe size (IPS) trans fittings, slip form couplings, boot fittings,
clamped connections, or any other coupling suitable for providing a
fluid tight seal between the connection conduit 16 and the
inlet/outlets of the respective heat pump apparatus 14 and heat
exchange apparatus 12.
[0059] The geothermal heat pump apparatus 14 may include any
suitable apparatus that transfers thermal energy between the heat
exchange apparatus 12 and the distribution system 21. For example,
the heat pump apparatus 14 may be positioned within a building
enclosure defining a space to be heated or cooled. The heat pump
apparatus 14 may be of various configurations such that the heat
pump apparatus 14 can use the heating or cooling provided by the
heat exchange apparatus 12 (e.g., via the cooling air ducts,
interior water lines, etc., which form at least a portion of the
distribution system 21). For example, the geothermal heat pump
apparatus 14 may be one or more water source heat pumps or one or
more DX heat pumps.
[0060] With respect to the geothermal heat pump apparatus 14
including a water source geothermal heat pump, for example, the
fluid in the closed loop 36 goes through a heat exchanger 23 inside
the heat pump apparatus 14 (e.g., located next to a refrigerant
compressor, also inside the heat pump apparatus 14). The heat
exchanger 23 associated with the heat pump apparatus 14 includes,
for example, coil pipes containing refrigerant (e.g., freon) that
are wrapped with a coil containing the fluid flowing in the closed
loop 36. Preferably, the closed loop 36 contains water or a water
and anti-freeze solution (e.g., a solution including a glycol
component). As the fluid flows through the closed loop 36 (e.g.,
with use of a circulation pump) and through the heat exchanger 12,
the fluid extracts thermal energy from the fluid flowing through
the heat exchanger 12 (e.g., the fluid flowing through the fluid
source conduit 15) and transfers it to the heat exchanger 23 in the
heat pump apparatus 14. In other words, the fluid flowing in the
closed loop 36 is used to modify the temperature of the refrigerant
in coils of the heat exchanger 23 of the heat pump apparatus 14.
Generally, in such water source heat pump closed systems, the water
or water/antifreeze solution remains within the closed loop for the
life of the system. As would be ascertainable by one of skilled in
the art from the description herein, the flow of the closed loop in
a heating mode would be opposite that for a cooling mode.
[0061] The geothermal heat pump apparatus 14 may be configured as a
water to air, water source geothermal heat pump or a water to
water, water source geothermal heat pump. In the water to air,
water source geothermal heat pump configuration, the heat pump is
associated with a forced air system 21 that distributes hot or cold
air through a conventional duct system for both supply and return
air. In the water to water, water source geothermal heat pump, the
heat pump is associated with a distribution system 21 that
distributes heating and cooling through, for example, infloor
radiant tubes or air handlers with water coils.
[0062] Various configurations of water source heat pumps (e.g.,
both water to air and also, water to water) that may be used and/or
modified for use with the present invention are available from
manufacturers such as: Water Furnace International Inc. of Ft.
Wayne, Ind. (e.g., such as heat pumps sold under the trade
designation of Versatec, Premier, or Synergy); Climate Master, Inc.
of Oklahoma City, Okla.; Florida Heat Pump (FHP) Manufacturing,
Inc. of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.; Mammoth Inc. of Chaska, Minn.;
Carrier Corp. of Farmington, Conn.; Trane of Tyler, Tex.; and
Maritime Geothermal Ltd. of Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, Canada
(e.g., such as heat pumps sold under the trade designation of a
Nordic Water to Water, or a Nordic Water to Air heat pump).
[0063] With respect to the geothermal heat pump apparatus 14
including a DX geothermal heat pump, for example, the fluid in the
closed loop 36, unlike a water source heat pump system, is a
refrigerant. Further, instead of the connection conduit being, for
example, HDPE pipe, the supply and return lines (e.g., the
connection conduit 16) is preferably copper pipe. As the connection
conduit 16 is relatively short in accordance with the present
invention as compared to most DX heat pump closed loop systems that
include buried copper pipe, a much smaller quantity of sacrificial
metal is needed to implement the present system (e.g., positioned
proximate the copper tube to prevent degradation thereof).
Generally, the sacrificial material may be any suitable material,
such as a material that includes a metal softer than copper (e.g,
zinc).
[0064] In operation, for example, in one embodiment, with use of a
DX heat pump apparatus, a heating cycle may begin with a
refrigerant flowing through the closed loop 36 including the heat
transfer conduit 17 of the heat exchange apparatus 12, where the
refrigerant absorbs thermal energy (e.g., heat) from fluid 20
flowing through the fluid source conduit 15 and evaporates to form
a cooled gas (i.e., the heat exchanger 13 acting as an evaporator).
The fluid 20 flowing through the fluid source conduit 15 gives up
heat as the refrigerant flows through the closed loop. The gaseous
refrigerant from the evaporator passes through conduit (e.g.,
connection conduit 16) to the heat pump apparatus 14 which includes
a compressor. The compressor compresses it, and raises its
temperature and pressure.
[0065] The hot, compressed gas then flows to an air handler
associated, for example, with air distribution system 21 (e.g.,
when an air distribution system is utilized) which acts as a
condenser in the heating mode. Here, air flowing across the
condenser absorbs heat from the refrigerant and carries it
throughout the space being heated. As the refrigerant releases its
heat, the refrigerant condenses to form a liquid, which then flows
through, for example, an expansion device that reduces its pressure
and, consequently, lowers its temperature again. Finally, the
refrigerant reenters the heat exchanger 13, and the cycle is
repeated.
[0066] For cooling, the above process is reversed. The compressor
sends (e.g., pumps) the hot, dense gas to the heat exchanger 13
(i.e., now acting as the condenser). The fluid 20 flowing through
the fluid source conduit 15 absorbs thermal energy (e.g., heat)
from the refrigerant in the closed loop. As the refrigerant gives
up heat to the fluid 20 flowing in the fluid source conduit 15, the
refrigerant cools and condenses into a liquid. The cool liquid
refrigerant flows through, for example, an expansion device (e.g.,
using an orifice or a valve), which further lowers its temperature
and pressure. The cold liquid refrigerant then flows through an air
handler associated with the air distribution system (e.g., when an
air distribution system is used) (i.e., which now acts as the
evaporator). For example, air from the space flows across the
evaporator tubing, giving up heat to the refrigerant inside the
tubes. The cooler air is moved through the space via, for example,
duct work. The warmed refrigerant evaporates as it absorbs heat
from the air, and then returns to the compressor to repeat the
cycle.
[0067] Various configurations of DX heat pumps that may be used
and/or modified for use with the present invention are available
from manufacturers such as: American Geothermal of Murfreesboro,
Tenn.; ECR Technologies of Lakeland, Fla. (e.g., such as heat pumps
sold under the trade designation of Earthlinked heat pumps); Hydro
Delta of Monroeville, Pa. (e.g., such as heat pumps sold under the
trade designation of Yankee or Twin Line heat pumps); and Maritime
Geothermal Ltd. of Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, Canada (e.g., such
as heat pumps sold under the trade designation of Nordic Triple
Function).
[0068] The heat pump apparatus 14 may include various elements
depending upon the configuration in which it is being used. For
example, the heat pump apparatus may include heat exchangers,
reversing valves, metering devices, bypass valves, a compressor,
etc. One skilled in the art will recognize that the heat pump
apparatus 14 may take one of various forms and the present
invention is not limited by any listed or described heat pump
apparatus herein or by any particular system operation description
provided herein. Rather, the heat pump apparatus may include any
apparatus that transfers the thermal energy provided in the closed
loop from the heat exchange apparatus 12, such as, for example,
transfer of the thermal energy to a space, an object or structure
that is to be heated or cooled (e.g., a transfer of thermal energy
using heat exchanger 23 and the distribution system 21).
[0069] Generally, the closed loop 36 (i.e., formed with use of at
least portions of the heat pump apparatus 14, connection conduit
16, and heat exchange apparatus 12) contains any suitable heat
transfer fluid (e.g., suitable depending on the heat pump
configuration). With use of a water source heat pump apparatus, the
fluid in the closed loop 36 includes, preferably, one of water or a
water and anti-freeze mixture. The anti-freeze component preferably
includes a glycol component. The glycol component provides both
anti-freeze functionality and also enhances heat transfer in the
system. With use of a DX heat pump apparatus, a suitable
refrigerant is used in the closed loop 36. For example,
refrigerants such as R22 and R410A may be used within the closed
loop 36.
[0070] However, although various fluids are listed herein, the
present invention is not limited to any particular fluid or to any
particular refrigerant listed.
[0071] It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that the
operation of the system described herein may be modified and/or be
performed in many different ways depending upon the configuration
of the system, and its varied components. Therefore, the operation
described herein is for illustrative purposes only and the present
invention is in no manner limited to only the operation as
described herein. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art
that the heating or cooling provided by the thermal energy exchange
system 10 may be used in various applications. For example, defined
volume spaces may be heated or cooled, objects may be heated or
cooled (e.g., floors, swimming pools, etc.), as well as any other
application where heating or cooling is used.
[0072] FIG. 2 shows a manifolded heat exchange apparatus 70 that
may be used in a thermal energy exchange system 10, as shown
generally in FIG. 1.
[0073] For example, as shown in FIG. 1, heat exchange apparatus 12
includes a single heat exchanger 13. As shown in FIG. 2, heat
exchange apparatus 70 includes a plurality of heat exchangers 72,
74, 76 provided in a manifold configuration.
[0074] Such a configuration may be used with an existing conduit 18
that is in the flooded state and which includes a predetermined
diameter that is larger than the diameter of fluid source conduits
used in the plurality of manifolded heat exchangers 72, 74, 76.
[0075] In other words, each fluid source conduit 73, 75, 77 of each
heat exchanger 72, 74, 76 includes a diameter that is less than the
predetermined diameter of the existing conduit 18. Each of the
plurality of fluid source conduits 73, 75, 77 associated with a
particular heat exchanger 72, 74, 76 is associated with a heat
transfer conduit 83, 85, 87 that is configured to communicate with
the associated fluid source conduit 73, 75, 77 for providing
thermal energy exchange between a fluid 20 flowing through the
associated fluid source conduit 73, 75, 77 and a fluid flowing in a
closed loop (e.g., closed loop 36 as shown in FIG. 1) of which the
heat transfer conduits 83, 85, 87 are a part thereof.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 2, each of the three heat exchangers 72,
74, 76 include a fluid source conduit 73, 75, 77, respectively. A
1:3 manifold coupling 78 is provided to fluidly couple existing
conduit 18 to the heat exchangers 72, 74, 76 at a first end of the
heat exchange apparatus 70. Likewise, a 1:3 manifold coupling
element 80 is provided to fluidly couple the existing conduit 18 to
the heat exchange apparatus 70 at the other end thereof.
[0077] The manifold coupling 78 may be of various configurations,
including, for example, a larger diameter connection with three
smaller diameter reduction pipes, as well as any other suitable
manifold element. Connections with a fluid tight seal between the
manifold coupling 78 and the existing conduit 18 may be provided by
any number of one or more suitable fittings 82, such as iron pipe
size (IPS) trans fittings, slip form couplings, boot fittings, and
clamped connections. Connections with a fluid tight seal between
the manifold coupling 78 and the fluid source conduits 73, 75, 77,
may be provided by any number of one or more suitable fittings 81,
such as iron pipe size (IPS) trans fittings, slip form couplings,
boot fittings, and clamped connections. One skilled in the art will
recognize that such fluid coupling may be the same at the other end
of the heat exchange apparatus 70 using manifold coupling 80.
[0078] In one configuration, for example, the manifolded heat
exchange apparatus 70 may be used with a 12-inch diameter water
main 18. With such a large diameter water main, and depending upon
the necessary thermal energy transfer required for heat pump
apparatus 14, three heat exchangers 72, 74, 76 (each having a
four-inch diameter fluid source conduit 73, 75, 77) may be provided
in a manifold configuration to replace a section of the 12-inch
water main 18. The manifold coupling 78 can be connected to the
12-inch water main using a slip form fitting. Further, the manifold
coupling 78 in such a configuration includes three four-inch
reduction pipes that may be connected to respective fluid source
conduits 73, 75, 77 also by way of slip form couplings. The
coupling may be the same at the other end of the heat exchange
apparatus 70 using manifold coupling 80.
[0079] Further, the heat exchangers 72, 74, 76 each include a heat
transfer conduit 83, 85, 87 associated therewith and for use in
forming the closed loop (e.g., a closed loop 36 such as described
generally with reference to FIG. 1). The coupling of such heat
transfer conduits 83, 85, 87 into the closed loop may be provided
by any number of different configurations. For example, each heat
transfer conduit 83, 85, 87 may be coupled into separate closed
loops associated with different heat pump apparatus. Further, for
example, such heat transfer conduits 83, 85, 87 may be coupled to a
single return/supply line as shown in FIG. 2. For example, three
half-inch diameter heat transfer conduits at the inlet/outlet 90,
92 thereof may be fluidly coupled to a 11/2-inch supply/return
lines 94, 96 via suitable couplings 98, 99 as illustratively shown
in FIG. 2.
[0080] One skilled in the art will recognize, that depending upon
the configuration of the thermal energy exchange system including,
for example, the manifolded heat exchange apparatus configuration,
the manifold coupling and the fittings used to provide a fluid
tight connection between fluid source conduits and the existing
conduit 18 will vary. Likewise, depending upon the configuration of
the thermal energy exchange system including, for example, the
manifolded heat exchange apparatus configuration, the fittings and
connections used to provide a fluid tight connection between the
heat transfer conduits and the heat pump apparatus 14 will
vary.
[0081] It will be recognized that the number of manifolded heat
exchangers may vary and the present invention is clearly not
limited to the manifold configuration as shown in FIG. 2. Rather,
the number of heat exchangers utilized in the manifolded heat
exchange apparatus 70 will vary depending upon various factors such
as, for example, those described herein (e.g., heat pump capacity,
water flow, etc.).
[0082] Further, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art
that for each application, the heat exchange apparatus is sized and
configured based on various types of information. For example, such
heat transfer apparatus configurations may depend on various
factors, such as size of the water main, flow rate in the water
main, water main temperatures, the size and capacity of the heat
pump apparatus 14, the type of connection required by an entity in
control of the existing conduit, the type of connections required
by such an entity between the heat transfer conduit and the
remainder of the closed loop, etc.
[0083] FIG. 3 shows one schematic diagram of an exemplary thermal
energy exchange system 100 that includes a heat pump apparatus 104
(e.g., or multiple heat pump apparatus) located within a dwelling
space 105. The heat pump apparatus 104 includes inlet/outlet 132,
134 coupled by connection conduit 112 to inlet/outlet 124, 126 of a
heat exchanger 103 that forms a part of a heat exchange apparatus
102 to form a closed loop; the closed loop represented generally by
the arrows 136.
[0084] The heat exchange apparatus 102, as shown in the exemplary
configuration of FIG. 3, is attached to a city water main (e.g., a
pressurized water source) as represented by existing conduit 138
and water flow 120. The heat exchange apparatus 102 is located
under the street with the buried city water main 138. This is
represented generally by the showing of curb and gutter 108.
[0085] In other words, heat exchange apparatus 102 includes at
least one heat exchanger 103 (or multiple heat exchangers, if in a
manifolded configuration).
[0086] The heat exchanger 103 includes fluid source conduit 111
that replaces a section of (e.g., that is inserted into) the city
water main 138. For example, a section of the city water main 138
is cut out and replaced by the heat exchanger 103, thereby allowing
the city water supply 120 to flow through the fluid source conduit
111 of the heat exchanger 103. The fluid source conduit 111 is
fluidly coupled to the water main 138 using couplings, such as
coupling 141 to provide a fluid tight seal therebetween.
[0087] The heat exchanger 103 further includes a heat transfer
conduit 113 wrapped about the outer surface of the fluid source
conduit 111, as shall be described, for example, with reference to
FIGS. 4 and 5 herein. The heat transfer conduit 113 includes the
inlet/outlet 124, 126 which are coupled to the inlet/outlet 132,
134 of heat pump apparatus 104 to form the closed loop 136, as
described herein, using connection conduit 112.
[0088] The heat pump apparatus 104 (e.g., which may include a heat
exchanger 107 if a water source heat pump is used) and an
associated distribution system 106, are substantially the same as
that described with reference to FIG. I and shall not be described
in further detail with reference to FIG. 3. Likewise, connection
conduit 112 is substantially the same as described above with
reference to FIG. 1.
[0089] The heat exchange apparatus 102, as shown in FIG. 3, is
encased in an enclosure structure 160 configured, at least in one
embodiment, to enclose at least the fluid source conduit 111 and
the heat transfer conduit 113. Further, the enclosure structure
160, may also enclose any coupling apparatus used to couple the
fluid source conduit 111 to the existing conduit 138 and/or any
coupling apparatus used to couple the heat transfer conduit 113 to
the connection conduit 112.
[0090] The enclosure structure 160 includes an access portion 161
that allows restricted access into the interior of the enclosure
structure 160, for example, to service the heat exchange apparatus
102. The access portion 161 to the enclosure structure 160 may be
configured in various manners. Preferably, the access portion 161
is a lockable access. In one embodiment, a manhole access lid would
be used as part of the enclosure structure 160. Such access
products are conventionally available.
[0091] The enclosure structure 160 preferably is sized such that it
encloses the heat exchanger 103 in addition to couplings 141, 142,
145 used to fluidly couple the at least one fluid source conduit
111 to the existing conduit 138. Various configurations of the
enclosure structure 160 may be used according to the present
invention. For example, a concrete enclosure may be used. Such a
concrete enclosure may be pre-cast and positioned in place.
Alternately, such a concrete enclosure may be poured in place using
forms defining the enclosure (e.g., styrofoam forms). Further, for
example, the enclosure may be constructed of other materials, such
as, for example, steel or aluminum. In such a case, at least a
portion of the enclosure is preferably constructed and placed in
position (e.g., four side walls of the structure may be prefabbed
and positioned, with the cover being positioned later).
[0092] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure 160 is a
five-sided rectangular structure that includes four side walls and
a top. Two of the opposing side walls have openings configured for
receiving the existing conduit 138 that is in the flooded state.
The enclosure structure 160 is placed over such existing conduit
138. Further, various openings for providing the return and supply
lines to and from the heat exchange apparatus 102 are also defined
in the enclosure structure. One will recognize that various
modifications to the enclosure structure may be made without
negating the purpose of preventing unauthorized access to the heat
exchange apparatus 102.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 3, the thermal energy exchange system 100
may include various other components. For example, a heat exchange
apparatus wall failure alarm 139 may be used to detect leaks that
may be present within the enclosed structure 160. For example, the
failure alarm 139 may include a moisture sensor wired to an
indicator, such as, for example, an audible, visual, or the like
indicator (e.g., a remote flashing red light). In the event of a
leak in the fluid source conduit 111, a leak in the connection
between the water main 138 and the fluid source conduit 111, a leak
in the heat transfer conduit 113, or a leak in the connection
between the heat transfer conduit 113 and the connection conduit
112, the sensor would detect moisture and set off the indicator.
Many components that may be employed to carry out such functions
are available, such as low voltage sensors or other components.
[0094] As the moisture sensor is to detect moisture within the
enclosure 160, the sensor would be positioned therein in a position
suitable for detecting such moisture, preferably on a lower side
wall thereof above the bottom surface (e.g., gravel bottom). The
indicator would be provided at any suitable site for alerting
appropriate personnel (e.g., in the building or at street
level).
[0095] Further, a contaminate detection device with an associated
alarm represented generally by sensor 154 may be used to detect
contamination within the closed loop 136. For example,
contamination from compressor oil in the closed loop may be
detected. If such a leak is detected, an alarm associated
therewith, and/or a shut-off valve, may be activated to shutdown
the system.
[0096] A flow meter 152 may also be provided on the closed loop 136
to monitor the flow within the closed loop 136 and provide
appropriate information as necessary (e.g., information to control
the heat pump, to personnel overseeing operation of the system,
etc.). The flow meter 152 may, for example, be attached to the
inlet/outlet 134 of the closed loop 136 at a location within the
building and relatively close to the heat pump apparatus 104,
whereby the flow of the fluid within the closed loop 136 can be
monitored. The fluid within the closed loop 136 is moved within the
closed loop by one or more components within the heat pump
apparatus 104, and such further flow may be controlled thereby. The
fluid in the closed loop 136 preferably fills the entire closed
loop and is under pressure, e.g., such as with use of a circulation
pump, to provide for flow therethrough.
[0097] Likewise, a flow meter 177 may be positioned on the fluid
source conduit 111 of the heat exchanger 103 to monitor the water
main flow. Information concerning such water main flow may be used
as necessary by associated personnel, or in the control of one or
more other components of the system.
[0098] A water main recirculation pump 179 may also be used in the
thermal energy exchange system 100. For example, the water main
recirculation pump 179 may be controlled by an indication of low
water flow as measured by flow meter 177. The water main
recirculation pump is preferably positioned between the heat
exchanger 103 and the existing conduit 138 (at either end of the
heat exchange apparatus 102) with use of a suitable coupling device
145 (e.g., slip form coupling, boot fitting, and clamped
connection) between the fluid source conduit 111 and a first
inlet/outlet of the pump 179, as well as coupling device 142 (e.g.,
slip form coupling, boot fitting, and clamped connection) between a
second inlet/outlet of the pump 179 and the existing conduit 138.
The water main recirculation pump 179 is preferably a
water-lubricated water pump.
[0099] Yet further, various temperature gauges may also be used in
the thermal energy exchange system 100 to provide information about
water temperatures at various positions in the system 100. For
example, one water temperature gauge 183 may be used on the fluid
source conduit 111 to monitor water main temperatures. In addition,
temperature gauges 189 and 193 may be associated with the closed
loop 136 (e.g., a temperature gauge on the supply conduit and one
on the return conduit between the heat pump apparatus 104 and the
heat exchange apparatus 102). Such water temperature gauges 189,
193 would provide information with respect to the amount of thermal
energy transfer from the fluid 120 flowing through the fluid source
conduit 111 to the fluid flowing in the closed loop 136.
[0100] It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that
various other components, such as monitoring devices or parameter
controlled apparatus such as that operable as a function of a
monitored parameter of the thermal energy exchange system 100, may
be used according to the present invention. One skilled in the art
will recognize that those listed herein is in no manner a complete
listing of all such components that may be used in the system. For
example, other apparatus, including displays for monitoring the
system, alarms, shut-off switches, detection devices, etc., may be
used according to the present invention.
[0101] The operation of the thermal energy exchange system 100 is
substantially equivalent to that described with reference to FIG. 1
and shall not be described again with reference to FIG. 3. However,
in general, the present invention allows for the flow of a fluid
(e.g., water when a water source heat pump is used, or a
refrigerant if a DX heat pump is used) from the geothermal heat
pump apparatus 104 through the closed loop 136 to the heat exchange
apparatus 102, whereby the heat exchange apparatus 102 transfers
heat from the city water supply 120 (or, in the summer months,
cooling from the water supply 120) to the fluid flowing in the
closed loop 136. The fluid flowing in the closed loop 136 returns
to the geothermal heat pump apparatus 104 which transfers that
heat, or cooling, to provide a variety of building space
conditioning functions with use of, for example, the distribution
system 106, such as described herein.
[0102] The present invention is more efficient and economical than
conventional apparatus in that it requires less conduit and uses an
easily and readily available heating and cooling source (that
being, for example, the city water main supply) in the embodiment
shown in FIG. 3. Further, the present invention allows for the more
rapid and even transfer of thermal energy from the fluid source,
such as the city water supply 120 which is in a flooded state such
that fluid flow is constantly provided through the heat exchange
apparatus 102. Further, the flooded state also reduces the need for
cleaning, as the water may flow rapidly and freely through the heat
exchange apparatus 102 at times, which may prevent build-up of
residue along the inside of the fluid source conduit 111 of the
heat exchanger 103.
[0103] The conduit connections of the thermal energy exchange
system 100 may be provided as relatively simple and straight
connections, which, in most part, eliminates many curves and bends
that may weaken the conduit. In one embodiment, the system is
installed below grade level. However, other installations, such as
above ground level, are also contemplated. For example, by
inserting an elbow down joint in both inlet and outlet portions
132, 134 of the closed loop 136 near the heat pump apparatus 104
and within the building 105, the closed loop 136 may exit the
building below grade.
[0104] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an exemplary heat
exchanger 200 that may be used in the heat exchange apparatus
described herein with reference to FIGS. 1-3. The heat exchanger
200 includes a fluid source conduit 202 and a heat transfer conduit
204 in communication with the fluid source conduit 202 for
providing thermal energy exchange between fluids carried within the
respective conduits. The fluid source conduit 202 includes a heat
conductive pipe (e.g., a copper tube) extending along axis 201
(i.e., extending longitudinally). The heat conductive pipe can vary
in diameter depending, for example, on the size of the existing
conduit with which the heat exchanger 200 is to be used (e.g., the
size of the water main or other water supply, the use of
manifolding, etc.). The heat conductive pipe 202 includes an outer
surface 210 at a radial distance from the axis 201.
[0105] The heat transfer conduit 204 includes a heat conductive
pipe (e.g., a copper tube) that is wrapped about the outer surface
210 of the fluid source conduit 202 (e.g., the number of wraps may
vary depending on the application).
[0106] The heat transfer conduit (e.g., copper tube 204) includes
an outer surface 230. At least a portion of the outer surface 230
of the heat transfer conduit 204 is flattened, as shown by
reference numeral 212 in FIG. 5A. The at least one flattened
surface 212 is provided such that it is in direct contact with a
portion of the outer surface 210 of the fluid source conduit 202
for providing effective thermal energy exchange between the fluid
source conduit 202 and the heat transfer conduit 204 (e.g., the
inner copper tube and the outer copper tube wrapped
thereabout).
[0107] As further shown in FIG. 5A, other portions of the heat
transfer conduit 204 are also flattened, as represented by
reference numeral 215. In such a manner, each wrap of the heat
transfer conduit 204 can be positioned very close to the adjacent
wraps with very little air gap between the wrapped conduit (e.g.,
outer copper pipe) and the outer surface 210 of the fluid source
conduit 202. Such additional flattened surfaces 215 allow for a
larger quantity of wraps within the same length of fluid source
conduit 202 as compared to a configuration that would not have such
flattened surfaces.
[0108] The diameter of the heat transfer conduit 204 wrapped around
the outside of the fluid source conduit 202 can vary depending on
the water volume needed in the closed loop for the heat pump
apparatus to which it is connected. In one particular embodiment,
the outer copper tube is machined onto the larger inner copper tube
to achieve a tight fitting. This eliminates the need to solder the
outer tube (e.g., the heat transfer conduit 204) to the inner tube
(e.g., the fluid source conduit 202). Use of large amounts of
solder adversely affects the efficiency of the heat exchange
between the fluid source conduit 202 and the heat transfer conduit
204. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5B, only a small solder connection 220
is used to tack the heat transfer conduit 204 to the fluid source
conduit 202 (e.g., the inner copper pipe) at each end 206, 208 of
the heat exchanger 200 as the heat transfer conduit 204 extends or
otherwise leaves the outer surface 210 of the fluid source conduit
202.
[0109] In one embodiment, the inner fluid source conduit 202 is
sized to accommodate the size of the water main to which it is
connected. Likewise, the outer tube (i.e., the heat transfer
conduit 204) will be sized to accommodate the volume of water
needed for the heat pump apparatus to which the heat exchanger 200
is connected. In other words, depending upon the capacity of the
heat pump apparatus to which the heat exchanger 200 is connected,
the size of the heat exchanger 200 will vary, for example, the
length along axis 201 may vary, as well as the diameter of the
conduits and the number of heat exchangers.
[0110] Preferably, according to the present invention, copper
tubing is used to construct the heat exchanger 200. However, other
conductive materials capable and effective in the transfer of
thermal energy may also be suitable. For example, materials such as
stainless steel and the like may also be used for providing heat
exchanger 200.
[0111] As described herein, heat exchanger 200 may also be wrapped
in alternative configurations. For example, instead of helically
winding the heat transfer conduit 204 about the outer surface 210
of the fluid source conduit 202, wraps of the heat transfer conduit
204 may be provided in a longitudinal manner parallel to the axis
201, or in any other alternate wrapped manner.
[0112] FIG. 6 shows one exemplary embodiment of an installation
method 300 for installing one or more portions of a thermal energy
exchange system, such as that shown in FIGS. 1-5. Reference
numerals of system components, such as those shown in FIG. 1, will
be used to describe the installation method 300.
[0113] Generally, the method 300 includes evacuating fluid that is
in the section of existing conduit 18 that is to be replaced (block
302). The section of existing conduit 18 is removed, as shown in
block 304. A heat exchanger including a fluid source conduit and at
least one heat transfer conduit, such as that shown in FIG. 4, is
fluidly coupled to the existing conduit 18 that is in the flooded
state (block 306). For example, fluid source conduit is coupled to
existing conduit 18 at both ends of the heat exchange apparatus.
Thereafter, a flow of fluid is provided through the fluid source
conduit (block 308). Connection of heat transfer conduit to the
heat pump apparatus 14, as well as installation of other associated
apparatus, is thereafter performed (block 310).
[0114] In slightly more detail, the installation method 300, at
least in one exemplary embodiment, can be performed in the
following manner. For example, a water main trench may be evacuated
at a predetermined length and width to expose a water main. Another
trench is excavated from the water main trench to a building for
placement of supply and return lines between a heat pump apparatus
in a building and the heat exchanger apparatus that is replacing a
section of the water main. One or more portions of an enclosure
structure is then provided in the first trench. For example, a
prefabricated enclosure structure may be placed within the water
main trench or, for example, the side walls of a concrete enclosure
structure may be formed and poured. The enclosure may be positioned
at various times during the installation process.
[0115] The water main may be turned off at the closest two points
to where the heat exchanger is to replace the removed section of
water line. In other words, the fluid in the section of existing
conduit to be replaced is evacuated. As an alternate to turning off
the water, a bypass saddle tap could be used.
[0116] A section of the water main is cut and removed for insertion
of the heat exchanger. The fluid source conduit or conduits of the
heat exchange apparatus are connected to the city water main (e.g.,
the existing conduit) with a connection such as, for example, a
slip form connection. Such connections are made at each end of the
heat exchanger. If a recirculation pump is required or desired, it
is installed between the connection used to couple the heat
exchanger to the existing conduit and the heat exchanger itself.
The fluid source conduit is then tested by turning the water main
on and checking for any leaks in the connections.
[0117] The pipes for the supply and return lines (e.g., connection
conduit) are placed in the trench between the heat pump apparatus
and the heat exchanger to connect the heat transfer conduit of the
heat exchanger with the heat pump apparatus to form the closed
loop. Such connections may be accomplished with transition fittings
(e.g., an IPS trans fitting). Again, such connections may be
tested, for example, using an air test of the heat transfer conduit
and the supply and return lines.
[0118] Thereafter, various associated elements may be installed.
For example, flow meters may be installed by attaching one of the
flow meters to the fluid source conduit and another to the heat
transfer conduit or other portion of the closed loop. Further,
temperature gauges may be attached to the heat transfer conduit at
both the supply side and return side of the closed loop. A moisture
sensor may be installed in the enclosure structure, and an alarm or
indicator associated with the moisture sensor may be installed in a
suitable location (e.g., a remote location readily visible from the
street). The moisture sensor is then connected to the
indicator.
[0119] With the enclosure structure in place, a fill material
(e.g., gravel) may be placed in the bottom of the enclosure
structure. The top of the enclosure structure may be poured or
placed thereon with an opening for a manhole access or some other
lockable access portion. The trenches are back-filled and
compacted. If the water main was located in a street, the street
opening would be replaced with concrete or asphalt and reinforced,
as necessary.
[0120] With the heat exchange apparatus in position, along with
portions of the connection conduit, the supply and return lines to
the heat exchanger can be extended to inside the building for
connection to the heat pump apparatus positioned therein. At least
in one embodiment, the connection conduit for forming the closed
loop is connected to circulation pumps associated with the heat
pump, and the circulation pumps are connected as required by the
heat pump apparatus. Further, the heat pump is coupled to an
associated heating and cooling distribution system (e.g., duct work
or radiant tubes, etc.), and all further electrical and/or
temperature sensing devices (e.g., thermostats) are connected to
the geothermal heat pump apparatus for operation thereof.
[0121] The preceding described embodiments are illustrative of the
practice of the invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that
other expedients known to those skilled in the art or disclosed
herein may be employed without departing from the invention or the
scope of the appended claims. For example, various apparatus or
steps of one embodiment described herein may be used with one or
more other embodiments described herein to form various
combinations of methods, systems, or apparatus contemplated by the
present invention. Further, for example, various heat pump
apparatus configurations (as well as various distribution systems)
may be used with the heat exchanger configurations described
herein. In addition, the end object or space affected by the
transfer of thermal energy according to the present invention may
be varied, and is not limited to only heating or cooling of a
particular defined volume. As such, the present invention includes
within its scope other methods, systems and apparatus for
implementing and using the invention described herein.
* * * * *