U.S. patent application number 10/692178 was filed with the patent office on 2004-07-01 for composition for enhancing physical performance.
Invention is credited to Lines, Thomas Christian, Ono, Mitsunori.
Application Number | 20040126461 10/692178 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56290495 |
Filed Date | 2004-07-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040126461 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lines, Thomas Christian ; et
al. |
July 1, 2004 |
Composition for enhancing physical performance
Abstract
A composition that contains (1) quercetin and vitamin B3, or (2)
quercetin and vitamin C. Also disclosed is a method of using the
composition for enhancing physical performance.
Inventors: |
Lines, Thomas Christian;
(Hassel, LU) ; Ono, Mitsunori; (Lexington,
MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FISH & RICHARDSON PC
225 FRANKLIN ST
BOSTON
MA
02110
US
|
Family ID: |
56290495 |
Appl. No.: |
10/692178 |
Filed: |
October 23, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10692178 |
Oct 23, 2003 |
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10302544 |
Nov 22, 2002 |
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60420986 |
Oct 23, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
426/72 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 31/355 20130101;
A61K 31/375 20130101; A23L 33/105 20160801; A23V 2002/00 20130101;
A61K 31/355 20130101; A61K 31/51 20130101; A61K 31/4415 20130101;
A61K 31/353 20130101; A61K 31/352 20130101; A61K 31/7048 20130101;
A61K 36/185 20130101; A61K 31/522 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101;
A61K 31/353 20130101; A61K 31/185 20130101; A61K 31/525 20130101;
A61K 31/525 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A61K 31/675 20130101;
A61K 36/185 20130101; A61K 31/455 20130101; A61K 36/48 20130101;
A61K 31/714 20130101; A61K 31/4415 20130101; A61K 31/714 20130101;
A61K 36/16 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101;
A61K 31/445 20130101; A23L 2/02 20130101; A61K 31/445 20130101;
A61P 39/06 20180101; A23V 2250/704 20130101; A23V 2250/2108
20130101; A23V 2250/704 20130101; A23V 2250/7044 20130101; A23V
2250/706 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/2116 20130101;
A23V 2250/712 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/7044
20130101; A23V 2250/214 20130101; A23V 2250/7052 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A23V 2200/322 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101;
A23V 2250/214 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/7042
20130101; A23V 2250/2108 20130101; A23V 2250/7044 20130101; A23V
2250/7046 20130101; A61K 31/7048 20130101; A23V 2250/704 20130101;
A23V 2250/704 20130101; A23V 2250/214 20130101; A23V 2250/7044
20130101; A23V 2250/2108 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/2116 20130101; A23V 2250/7046 20130101;
A23V 2250/7042 20130101; A23V 2200/33 20130101; A23V 2250/7042
20130101; A23V 2200/30 20130101; A23V 2250/7042 20130101; A23V
2250/7052 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/2108 20130101;
A23V 2200/33 20130101; A23V 2250/70 20130101; A23V 2250/7052
20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V 2250/214 20130101; A23V
2250/21168 20130101; A23V 2250/7046 20130101; A61K 2300/00
20130101; A23V 2250/7046 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V
2250/712 20130101; A23V 2250/21168 20130101; A23V 2250/712
20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A23V
2250/2108 20130101; A23L 33/15 20160801; A61K 36/48 20130101; A61P
39/00 20180101; A61K 45/06 20130101; A61K 36/16 20130101; A61K
31/522 20130101; A61K 31/375 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A61K
31/51 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
426/072 |
International
Class: |
A23L 001/30 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A composition comprising vitamin B3 and quercetin.
2. A composition comprising vitamin C and quercetin.
3. The composition of claim 2, further comprising vitamin B3.
4. The composition of claim 3, further comprising at least one of
vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin
E.
5. The composition of claim 4, further comprising at least one of
caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin
gallate, epigallocatechin, and polypheron E.
6. The composition of claim 4, further comprising a green tea
extract containing at least one of caffeine, epigallocatechin
gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and
polypheron E.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in dry
form.
8. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is in dry
form.
9. The composition of claim 3, wherein the composition is in dry
form.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
11. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
12. The composition of claim 3, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
13. The composition of claim 4, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
14. The composition of claim 5, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
15. The composition of claim 6, wherein the composition is tea,
soft drinks, juice, milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream, yogurt,
cookies, cereals, chocolates, or snack bars.
16. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
17. The composition of claim 2, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
18. The composition of claim 3, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
19. The composition of claim 4, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
20. The composition of claim 5, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
21. The composition of claim 6, further comprising at least one of
CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a
ginko biloba extract.
22. A method for enhancing physical performance, the method
comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective
amount of the composition of claim 1.
23. A method for enhancing physical performance, the method
comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective
amount of the composition of claim 2.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the composition further
comprises vitamin B3.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the composition further
comprises at least one of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6,
vitamin B12, and vitamin E.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the composition further
comprises at least one of caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate,
epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and polypheron
E.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the composition further
comprises at least one of a green tea extract containing caffeine,
epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate,
epigallocatechin, and polypheron E.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein the composition comprises
vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin E.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein the composition comprises
caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin
gallate, epigallocatechin, and polypheron E.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 10/302,544, filed Nov. 22, 2002. This
application also claims priority to U.S. Application Serial No.
60/420,986, filed Oct. 23, 2002.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Achieving peak physical performance has long been a goal for
athletic competition and self-improvement. Means for improving
physical performance includes prolonged systematic exercise, proper
diet, and use of pharmaceuticals such as anabolic steroids.
Anabolic steroids, which are testosterone derivatives, promote
tissue growth, increase muscle mass, increase blood volume and
hemoglobin level, and improve overall strength. Nonetheless, the
use of anabolic steroids often results in serious complications,
such as decreased blood high-density lipoprotein levels, disorders
of the reproductive system, and disorders of the liver including
carcinoma and peliosis hepatis. These complications further lead to
virilization in females, interrupted growth in children, and
defects in fetuses. The use of anabolic steroid can also cause
psychological disorders such as unpredictable mood changes and
aggression. Thus, there is a need for a safe drug or dietary
supplement for enhancing physical performance.
SUMMARY
[0003] This invention relates to a composition that contains
quercetin and a number of other natural products. The composition
can be used in enhancing physical performance, i.e., improving an
ability to perform an exercise, such as speed, strength, power,
endurance, flexibility, agility, balance, focus coordination,
reaction time, and fatigue recovery.
[0004] One aspect of this invention features a composition that
contains quercetin and one or both of vitamin B3 and vitamin C. In
one embodiment, the composition further contains at least one of
the following ingredients: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and
vitamin B12. In another embodiment, it further contains at least
one of caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin
gallate, epigallocatechin, and polypheron E. This composition may
also contain other ingredients, such as vitamin E, CoQ-10, soy
isoflavones, taurine, sugar beet pectin fiber, and a ginko biloba
extract. Further, the composition can be sweetened, if necessary,
by adding a sweetener, e.g., sorbitol, maltitol, cane sugar, high
fructose corn syrup, and the like. The composition can also contain
amino acids, minerals, a flavor enhancer, or a coloring agent. It
is known that the leaves of green tea contain epigallocatechin
gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and
polypheron E. Thus, these five ingredients can be conveniently
provided as a green tea extract.
[0005] The composition of the invention can be in dry form (e.g.,
powder or tablet) or in aqueous form (e.g., beverage or syrup). It
can be a dietary supplement or a pharmaceutical formulation. It can
also be a drink or a food product. Examples include tea (e.g., a
tea drink and the contents of a tea bag), soft drinks, juice (e.g.,
a fruit extract and a juice drink), milk, coffee, jelly, ice cream,
yogurt, cookies, cereals, chocolates, and snack bars. The
composition, in any of the forms described above, can be used to
enhance physical performance. Also within the scope of this
invention is a composition of the invention as an active agent, as
well as use of the composition for the manufacture of a medicament,
for enhancing physical performance.
[0006] The invention also features a method for enhancing physical
performance. The method includes administering to a subject in need
thereof an effective amount of the above-described composition. By
proper administrating the composition as detailed below, physical
performance can be enhanced without the deleterious side effects of
pharmaceutical performance enhancers, such as anabolic
steroids.
[0007] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are
set forth in the accompanying description below. Other features,
objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the
description and from the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0008] This invention is based, at least in part, on the unexpected
discovery that quercetin, an antioxidant, and a number of other
natural products exhibit synergistic health benefits, including
enhancing physical performance in a subject.
[0009] For example, within the scope of this invention is a
quercetin-containing composition that includes vitamin B3 or
vitamin C, or both. It further contains one or more of vitamin B1,
vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. The composition can also
contain one or more of caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate,
epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and polypheron
E. A green tea extract can be conveniently used to provide
epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate,
epigallocatechin, and polypheron E.
[0010] Exemplary quantities of the ingredients of this composition
are: 0.1-50 mg of vitamin B 1, 0.1-150 mg of vitamin B2, 0.1-2000
mg of vitamin B3, 0.1-200 mg of vitamin B6, 5-150 .mu.g of vitamin
B12, 50-2000 mg of vitamin C, 50-1500 mg of caffeine, 20-2000 mg of
quercetin, 10-500 mg of epigallocatechin gallate, 10-500 mg of
epicatechin, 10-500 mg of epicatechin gallate, 10-500 mg of
epigallocatechin, and 10-500 mg of polypheron E, which can be
dissolved or dispersed in a 1 L aqueous solution. The quantities of
the ingredients can also be those of the same relative ratio to
those listed above. The term "quercetin" refers to both quercetin
aglycon and quercetin derivatives, e.g., quercetin-3-O-glucoside,
quercetin-5-O-glucoside, quercetin-7-O-glucoside- ,
quercetin-9-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,
quercetin-3-0-[.alpha.-rhamnosyl-(1.fwdarw.2)-.alpha.-rhamnosyl-(1.fwdarw-
.6)]-.beta.-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside,
quercetin-7-O-galactosid- e, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and
quercetin-7-O-galactoside. After digestion, quercetin derivatives
are converted to quercetin aglycon, an active form absorbed in the
body. The quantity of quercetin mentioned above refers to that of
quercetin aglycon or the quercetin moiety of a quercetin
derivative. As an example, a composition for daily use can be a 1 L
aqueous solution containing 1000 mg of quercetin, 30 mg of vitamin
B1, 85 mg of vitamin B2, 1 g of vitamin B3, 100 mg of vitamin B6,
120 .mu.g of vitamin B112, 1200 mg of vitamin C, 1000 IU of vitamin
E, 1000 mg of caffeine, and a green tea extract containing 120 mg
of epigallocatechin gallate, 140 mg of epicatechin, 360 mg of
epicatechin gallate, 360 mg of epigallocatechin, and 120 mg of
polypheron E.
[0011] This composition may also contain one or more other active
ingredients, such as vitamin E, CoQ-10, soy isoflavones, taurine,
sugar beet pectin fiber, and a ginko biloba extract. Exemplary
quantities of these ingredients are: 3-1000 IU of vitamin E, 10-400
mg of CoQ-10, 20-600 mg of soy isoflavones, 10-1000 mg of taurine,
1-15 g of sugar beet pectin fiber, and 50-500 mg of a ginko biloba
extract (dry weight). Further, the composition can be sweetened, if
necessary, by adding a sweetener such as sorbitol, maltitol,
hydrogenated glucose syrup and hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate,
high fructose corn syrup, cane sugar, beet sugar, pectin, and
sucralose.
[0012] An example of the above-described composition is a powder.
It can be used conveniently to prepare beverages, e.g., tea or
juice. The powder can also be used to prepare paste, jelly,
capsules, or tablets. Lactose and corn starch are commonly used as
diluents for capsules and as carriers for tablets. Lubricating
agents, such as magnesium stearate, are typically added to form
tablets.
[0013] The composition of this invention can also be a dietary
supplement or a pharmaceutical formulation. As a dietary
supplement, additional nutrients, such as minerals or amino acids
may be included. The composition can also be a drink or food
product. As used herein, the terms "drink" and "food" broadly refer
to any kinds of liquid and solid/semi-solid materials,
respectively, that are used for nourishing an animal, and for
sustaining normal or accelerated growth of an animal including a
human. Examples of the drink product include, but are not limited
to, tea-based beverages, juice, coffee, and milk. Examples of the
food product include jelly, cookies, cereals, chocolates, snack
bars, herbal extracts, dairy products (e.g., ice cream, and
yogurt), soy bean product (e.g., tofu), and rice products.
[0014] The above-described composition, in any of the forms
described above, can be used for enhancing physical performance. As
shown in the examples below, the composition improves overall
strength, balance, fatigue recovery, intensity of physical
exercise, and endurance to the exercise. It can also be used for
treating diseases or disorders, such as arthritis, tumor, diabetes,
sexual dysfunction, chronic constipation, inflammatory bowel
disease; improving concentration or mood; and lowering cholesterol
levels or blood pressure. A "tumor" refers to benign tumor, as well
as malignant tumor (e.g., leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer,
liver cancer, breast cancer, or lung cancer).
[0015] The terms "improving", "treating," and "lowering" refer to
the administration of an effective amount of a composition of the
invention to a subject, who needs to improve his physical
performance or has one or more of the just-mentioned disorders, or
a symptom or a predisposition of one of more of the disorders, with
the purpose to improve physical performance or to cure, alleviate,
relieve, remedy, or ameliorate one or more of the disorders, or the
symptoms or the predispositions of one or more of them. The term
"administration" covers oral or parenteral delivery to a subject a
composition of the invention in any suitable form, e.g., food
product, beverage, tablet, capsule, suspension, and solution. The
term "parenteral" refers to subcutaneous, intracutaneous,
intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial,
intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional, and
intracranial injection, as well as various infusion techniques. An
"effective amount" refers to a dose of the composition that is
sufficient to provide a physical benefit (e.g., improving
endurance) or a therapeutic benefit (e.g., lowering cholesterol
levels or blood pressure). Both in vivo and in vitro studies can be
conducted to determine optimal administration routes and doses.
[0016] The specific examples below are to be construed as merely
illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure
in any way whatsoever. Without further elaboration, it is believed
that one skilled in the art can, based on the description herein,
utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. All
publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entirety.
EXAMPLE 1
[0017] Composition A (1000 ml) was prepared by mixing the following
ingredients at room temperature: 1000 ml of orange juice, 1000 mg
of quercetin, 30 mg of vitamin B1, 85 mg of vitamin B2, 1000 mg of
vitamin B3, 100 mg of vitamin B6, 120 .mu.g of vitamin B 12, 1000
IU of vitamin E, and 1000 mg of caffeine. All ingredients were
obtained from Spectrum Laboratory Products, Inc., Gardena, Calif.;
Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.; and Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis.
[0018] Ten male Spregue-Dawley rats, weighing 240-250 g, were
obtained from Charles River Lab (Boston, Mass.). The rats were
divided into Groups 1 and 2 (5 in each group). The rats in the
Group 2 were administered by intragastric feeding with the
just-described composition at a daily dose of 8 ml/rat (30 ml/kg
body weight) for 48 days. The rats in Group 1 were administered
with water.
[0019] At days 0, 14, 28, and 42 after the administration, blood
samples were collected from the rats by supraorbital bleeding and
various hematological parameters were determined using standard
methods. The results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 below.
1TABLE 1 Effects of composition A on rat hematological parameters
Reference Day 0 Day 14 Day 28 Day 42 Parameter Range Group 1 Group
2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2 WBC 9.4-14.9
17.22 15.04 17.34 16.50 18.76 16.90 17.66 14.20 (THSN/UL) RBC
6.2-9.0 6.09 5.94 6.63 6.60 7.43 7.20 7.99 7.72 (MILL/UL) Hb
13.4-16.4 12.46 12.38 14.24 14.40 15.32 15.02 15.86 15.18 (GM/DL)
Hematocrit 40.0-49.0 (%) 37.80 37.44 42.30 43.26 45.56 45.00 47.04
45.86 MCV 52.0-66.0(FL) 62.20 63.20 63.80 65.40 61.60 62.60 58.80
59.40 MCH 17.7-19.1 20.46 20.84 21.50 21.82 20.68 20.86 19.88 19.72
(PICO GM) MCHC 32.0-33.5 (%) 32.96 33.00 33.64 33.26 33.66 33.38
33.72 33.14 Platelet 780-1400 956.00 965.00 1084.60 1158.80 1078.40
1076.60 967.00 962.80 (THSN/UL) BANDS 0.00-0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (THSN/UL) Segmented 0.58-6.30 4.44 4.78 3.34
3.59 3.41 3.33 3.27 3.60 Neutrophiles (THSN/UL) Lymphocyte
3.78-14.9 10.07 7.84 12.10 11.02 13.52 11.99 12.78 9.37 (THSN/UL)
Monocyte 0.02-1.20 3.43 2.15 1.67 1.67 1.49 1.30 1.24 1.03
(THSN/UL) Eosinophiles 0.00-0.01 0.54 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.20
0.10 (THSN/UL) Basophiles 0.00-0.00 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.15
0.16 0.09 (THSN/UL) Atipicle 0.00-0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 Lymphocyte (THSN/UL) Metamyelocytes 0.00-0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (THSN/UL) Myelocytes 0.00-0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (THSN/UL) NRBC/100WBC 0-0
(/100WBC) 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Reticulocyte
0.1-4.0 (%) 1 1 2.62 5.74 3.30 5.90 4.78 6.58 Note: WBC: white
blood cell RBC: red blood cell Hb: hemoglobin MCV: mean corpuscular
volume MCH: hemoglobin amount per red blood cell MCHC: mean cell
hemoglobin concentration BANDS: premature neutrophil NRBC:
nucleated red blood cell count THSN/UL: 1,000/ul MILL/UL:
1,000,000/ul GM/DL: gram/dl FL: femtoliter PICO GM: picogram
[0020]
2TABLE 2 Effects of composition A on rat reticulocyte level
Reticulocyte level in each rat Group Ref. Range (%) Day 1# 2# 3# 4#
5# Average SD 1 0.1-4.0 14 2.9 2.9 2 4.9 4.4 2.62 0.96 2 0.1-4.0 14
5.8 4.9 7.5 5.8 4.7 5.74 2.15 1 0.1-4.0 28 3.1 2.2 2.2 7.2 6.8 3.30
2.5 2 0.1-4.0 28 4.8 6.5 5.4 5.5 7.3 5.90 1.3 1 0.1-4.0 42 4.8 9.2
9 5.5 5.4 4.78 2.14 2 0.1-4.0 42 7.5 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.58 0.16
Note: SD = Standard Deviation
[0021] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the reticulocyte levels in the
rats administered with composition B (Group 2) were higher than
those in the rats administered with water (Group 1). For example,
at Day 42, the average reticulocyte level in the rats of Group 2
(6.58%) was higher than that in the rats of Group 1 (4.78%) by
37.7%. On the other hand, other hematological parameters of the
rats in the two groups did not differ significantly. See Table 1.
These results indicate that composition A increases the
reticulocyte level but does not affect other hematological
parameters. Reticulocytes are immature, anucleated red blood cells
(RBCs). An increase in the reticulocyte level and no changes in
other hematological parameters suggest that composition A improves
the renewal of RBC.
[0022] During the experiment, the body weight of each rat was
monitored daily. No statistical difference was found between the
two groups.
EXAMPLE 2
[0023] Composition B (1000 ml) was prepared by mixing the following
ingredients at room temperature: 1000 ml of orange juice, 1000 mg
of quercetin, 30 mg of vitamin B1, 85 mg of vitamin B2, 1000 mg of
vitamin B3, 100 mg of vitamin B6, 120 .mu.g of vitamin B 12, 1000
IU of vitamin E, 1000 mg of caffeine, 500 mg of epigallocatechin
gallate, 500 mg of epicatechin, 500 mg of epicateqin gallate, 500
mg of epigallocatechin, and 500 mg of polypheron E.
[0024] Ten male Spregue-Dawley rats that weighed 240-250 g were
divided into Groups 1 and 2 (5 in each group). The rats in Group 2
were administered by intragastric feeding with composition B at an
average daily dose of 14 ml/kg body weight for 95 days. Those in
Group 1 were administered with water.
[0025] Starting from Day 92 after the administration, each of the
rats was trained on a Rota-Rod treadmill (Model 57750, Stoelting
Co., Wood Dale, Ill.) for over 2 hours. At Day 95, after being
trained for another 20 minutes, each of the rats was put on the
treadmill and allowed to walk. The time for which each rat walked
on the treadmill before falling off was recorded and the average
time for the rats in Groups 1 and 2 determined. The experiments
were repeated for three times ("Test A," "Test B," and "Test C").
The results are summarized in Table 3 below.
3TABLE 3 Effects of composition B Time on Rota-Rod treadmill (min)
Groups Test A Test B Test C Group 1 #1 2.36 13.11 23.33 #2 10.69
16.02 44.21 #3 19.02 15.46 66.90 #4 2.99 16.67 16.09 #5 1.34 3.41
7.82 Average 7.28 12.93 31.67 SE 3.37 2.45 10.68 Group 2 #1 6.54
61.95 80.40 #2 16.16 21.54 41.73 #3 6.91 23.83 90.47 #4 24.19 20.42
202.82 #5 32.58 15.37 67.44 Average 17.28 28.62 96.57 SE 5.03 8.45
27.79 Note: SE = Standard Error
[0026] As shown in Table 3, the rats got used to the exercise and
walked for longer time on the treadmill as the experiment went on.
In all tests, the rats that had been administered with composition
B walked on the treadmill longer than those that had been not.
These results indicate that composition B enhanced the physical
performance of rats. During the 95 days of administration, the body
weight of each rat was monitored daily. No statistical difference
was found between Groups 1 and 2. This result suggests the enhanced
physical performance of the rats in Group 2 was not due to an
increase in body mass.
Other Embodiments
[0027] All of the features disclosed in this specification may be
combined in any combination. Each feature disclosed in this
specification may be replaced by an alternative feature serving the
same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Thus, unless expressly stated
otherwise, each feature disclosed is only an example of a generic
series of equivalent or similar features. From the above
description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the
essential characteristics of the present invention, and without
departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various
changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various
usages and conditions. Thus, other embodiments are also within the
scope of the following claims.
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