U.S. patent application number 10/328975 was filed with the patent office on 2004-06-24 for accumulator with inlet diffuser\diverter.
This patent application is currently assigned to TI Group Automotives Systems, LLC. Invention is credited to Ther, Joe, Thrift, Charles.
Application Number | 20040118148 10/328975 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32469022 |
Filed Date | 2004-06-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040118148 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ther, Joe ; et al. |
June 24, 2004 |
Accumulator with inlet diffuser\diverter
Abstract
An accumulator for use in a motor vehicle air conditioning
system. The accumulator comprises an accumulator housing, an outlet
fluid pipe assembly and an inlet fluid pipe assembly. The
accumulator housing has a top wall, a bottom wall and a side wall
connecting the top wall to the bottom wall. The outlet fluid pipe
assembly has an inlet end. The inlet fluid pipe assembly includes a
tubular first portion and a diverter/diffusing portion configured
to direct refrigerant flowing through the first portion towards the
sidewall and downwardly away from the top wall of the accumulator
housing. The first tubular portion has an axis offset from the
inlet end of the outlet fluid pipe assembly.
Inventors: |
Ther, Joe; (Walled Lake,
MI) ; Thrift, Charles; (Farmington Hills,
MI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JENNER & BLOCK, LLC
ONE IBM PLAZA
CHICAGO
IL
60611
US
|
Assignee: |
TI Group Automotives Systems,
LLC
|
Family ID: |
32469022 |
Appl. No.: |
10/328975 |
Filed: |
December 24, 2002 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/503 ;
62/509 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B 2500/01 20130101;
F25B 43/006 20130101; F25B 2400/03 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
062/503 ;
062/509 |
International
Class: |
F25B 043/00; F25B
039/04 |
Claims
1. An accumulator for use in a motor vehicle air conditioning
system, said accumulator comprising: an accumulator housing having
a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall connecting the top wall
to the bottom wall; an outlet fluid pipe assembly having an inlet
end; and an inlet fluid pipe assembly includes a tubular first
portion and a diverter/diffusing portion configured to direct
refrigerant flowing through said first portion towards the sidewall
and downwardly away from the top wall of the accumulator housing,
said first tubular portion having an axis offset from said inlet
end of said outlet fluid pipe assembly.
2. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said inlet fluid
pipe has an outlet opening, the distance from said inlet end of the
outlet fluid pipe assembly to the top wall of the accumulator
housing is greater than the distance from the outlet end of the
inlet fluid pipe assembly to the top wall of the accumulator
housing.
3. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said inlet fluid
pipe assembly is mounted to the top wall of the accumulator
housing.
4. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said outlet fluid
pipe assembly is mounted to the sidewall of the accumulator
housing.
5. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said outlet fluid
pipe assembly is U-shaped.
6. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein a single pipe
forms both the first portion and said diverter/deflector
portion.
7. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first portion
of said inlet pipe assembly has an axis approximately parallel to
the axis of the accumulator housing.
8. The accumulator as claimed in claim 7 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion of said inlet pipe assembly has an axis
greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees from the axis of the
first portion.
9. The accumulator as claimed in claim 8 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion has an axis between 10 to 80 degrees from
the axis of the first portion.
10. The accumulator as claimed in claim 9 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion has an axis between 15 to 45 degrees from
the axis of the first portion.
11. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion has an outlet opening, the
cross-sectional area of the outlet opening is greater than the
average cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the first
portion.
12. The accumulator as claimed in claim 11 wherein the average
cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the
diverter/diffuser portion is approximately equal to the average
cross-sectional area of the axis of the axis of the first
portion.
13. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plane of said
outlet opening is approximately parallel to the axis of the
accumulator housing.
14. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plane of said
outlet opening is approximately parallel to the axis of the first
portion.
15. The accumulator as claimed in claim 6 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion is formed by unfolding a section of said
single pipe.
16. The accumulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion is a separate component attached to the
first portion.
17. The accumulator as claimed in claim 16 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion is conical or frusto-conical shaped.
18. The accumulator as claimed in claim 16 wherein said inlet pipe
assembly further includes a mounting ring and a plurality of posts
connecting said ring to said diverter/diffuser portion.
19. An accumulator assembly for use in a motor vehicle air
conditioning system, said accumulator assembly comprising: an
accumulator housing having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side
wall connecting the top wall to the bottom wall; an outlet fluid
pipe assembly; an inlet fluid pipe assembly; and an inlet fitting
attached to said top wall of said accumulator housing, a first
straight fluid passage having a concave terminal end defined in
said inlet fitting, a second straight fluid passage having a
concave terminal end defined in said inlet fitting, said inlet
fluid pipe assembly has a tubular portion insertable into an
opening of said second straight fluid passage, said first straight
fluid passage intersects said second fluid passage to allow
refrigerant to flow from said first straight fluid passage to said
second straight fluid passage and into said inlet fluid pipe
assembly.
20. An accumulator assembly as claimed in claim 19 wherein the
diameter of said first straight passage is approximately equal to
the inner diameter of said tubular portion of said inlet fluid pipe
assembly.
21. An accumulator assembly as claimed in claim 19 wherein the
diameter of said first straight passage is less than the inner
diameter of said tubular portion of said inlet fluid pipe
assembly.
22. An accumulator for use in a motor vehicle air conditioning
system, said accumulator comprising: an accumulator housing having
a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall connecting the top wall
to the bottom wall; an outlet fluid pipe assembly having an inlet
end; and an inlet fluid pipe assembly includes a tubular first
portion and a diverter/diffusing portion configured to direct
refrigerant flowing through said first portion towards the sidewall
and upwardly towards the top wall of the accumulator housing, said
first tubular portion having an axis offset from said inlet end of
said outlet fluid pipe assembly.
23. The accumulator as claimed in claim 22 wherein said
diverter/diffuser portion has an outlet opening, the
cross-sectional area of the outlet opening is greater than the
average cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the first
portion.
24. The accumulator as claimed in claim 23 wherein the bottom edge
of the diverter/diffuser portion extends further from the axis of
the vertical portion than the top edge of the diverter/diffuser
portion from the axis of the vertical portion.
25. The accumulator as claimed in claim 23 wherein the
diverter/diffuser portion includes a sub-portion, the outlet end
defines a plane between 30 degrees to 60 degrees from a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the sub-portion.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an accumulator for use in
motor vehicle air conditioning systems. More specifically, it
relates to the fluid inlet pipe assembly used in such
accumulators.
[0002] In air conditioning systems such as those for motor vehicle
use, an accumulator is normally connected between the evaporator
and the suction side of the compressor to prevent liquid
refrigerant from entering the compressor while permitting vaporous
refrigerant to pass. This separation of liquid refrigerant, as well
as its eventual return into vaporous form, is accomplished by
either a straight or U-shaped fluid outlet pipe whose inlet end is
positioned high in the accumulator so as to be open to receive the
vaporous refrigerant flow delivered from the evaporator. To
separate the liquid refrigerant from the vaporous refrigerant, a
baffle may be mounted either on the ceiling of the accumulator
housing or directly on the inlet end of the fluid outlet pipe, as
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,111,005. Alternatively, the baffle, as
a separate part, may be eliminated by forming the inlet end of the
fluid outlet pipe with a trumpet shape portion located closely
adjacent to the ceiling of the accumulator housing, as disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,844.
[0003] The mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant enters the
accumulator through a fluid inlet pipe assembly. The fluid inlet
pipe assembly may be attached to the side wall of the accumulator
housing, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,111,005 and 5,179,844, or
alternatively the fluid inlet pipe assembly may be attached the top
wall of the accumulator housing to reduce the size of the
accumulator housing. However, this arrangement of attaching the
fluid inlet pipe assembly to the top wall of the accumulator
housing has been found to cause excessive internal agitation; thus
increasing the risk of a mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant
passing through the outlet pipe to the compressor, leading to
inefficient operation of the air conditioning system and risk of
damage to the compressor. To reduce agitation of and foaming of
refrigerant into the interior of the accumulator, U.S. Pat. No.
6,363,742 discloses the use of an inverted T-shaped inlet fluid
pipe assembly having two outlet ends facing a portion of the side
wall to divert and reduce the energy of the fluid as the fluid
enters the accumulator. While such an inverted T-shaped inlet fluid
pipe assembly is effective in diverting and reducing the energy of
the fluid, it significantly increases the packaging requirement of
the inlet fluid pipe assembly inside the accumulator housing and
increases the cost associated with forming a pipe with two ends
extending between opposite sides of the side wall. Even though the
'742 patent discloses an alternative arrangement of an inlet fluid
pipe assembly having a single open end such that the inlet pipe
assembly is substantially L-shaped inside the accumulator housing,
the '742 patent does not teach or suggest how the L-shaped inlet
pipe may be capable of diffusing the liquid and vaporous mixture
exiting the single open end.
[0004] In addition to turbulent flow caused by the flow of
refrigerant out of the inlet fluid pipe assembly, turbulent flow
may also be caused by the refrigerant flowing through the flow
passage defined within the inlet fitting. Typical, to form a fluid
path in the inlet fitting having a bend, two straight fluid
passages are formed in the inlet fitting, wherein the two fluid
passages intersects to connect the two straight fluid passages. The
straight fluid passages are normally formed by drilling holes with
cutters having sharp conical shaped drill tips. To assure that the
intersection of the cross-drilled holes provide a sufficient size
opening to connect the holes, each hole is drilled such that
circumferential portion of the cutter extends at least to the
intersection of the cross-drilled holes. However, due to the
conical terminal ends of the holes created by the drill tips, sharp
edges are often present at the intersection of the cross-drilled
holes causing turbulence and pressure drop in the inlet flow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a typical
prior art fluid inlet pipe assembly attached to the top wall of the
accumulator housing, along with the other components of an air
conditioning system schematically illustrated;
[0006] FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a prior
art inverted T-shape fluid inlet pipe assembly attached to the top
wall of the accumulator housing;
[0007] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a first
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0008] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fluid inlet pipe
assembly of FIG. 3;
[0009] FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a second
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0010] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a third
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0011] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the fluid inlet pipe
assembly of FIG. 6;
[0012] FIG. 8 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a fourth
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0013] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the diverter/diffuser
assembly of FIG. 8;
[0014] FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a fifth
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0015] FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an accumulator with a sixth
embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe assembly in accordance to the
present invention;
[0016] FIG. 12 is a front view of a typical prior art inlet
fitting;
[0017] FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the prior art inlet fitting
of FIG. 12 as taken along line 13-13;
[0018] FIG. 14 is a front view of an inlet fitting in accordance a
second aspect of the present invention; and
[0019] FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the inlet fitting of FIG. 14
as taken along line 15-15.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0020] A sectional view of an accumulator for a motor vehicle air
conditioning system 10, with a typical prior art fluid inlet pipe
assembly attached to the top wall of the accumulator housing, is
illustrated in FIG. 1, along with the other components of the air
conditioning system schematically illustrated. The air conditioning
system 10 includes an accumulator 12 for separating the liquid
refrigerant from the vaporous refrigerant, a compressor 14 for
pumping and pressurizing the vaporous refrigerant, an outside heat
exchanger or condenser 16 located outside the passenger compartment
to cool and liquify the hot vaporous refrigerant from the
compressor 14, an expander 18 to lower the pressure of the liquid
refrigerant, and an inside heat exchanger or evaporator 20 which
absorbs heat from the air passing between the tubes of the
evaporator 20, thus cooling the air flowing into the passenger
compartment. The air condition system 10 is a closed loop system
wherein the refrigerant flows from the accumulator 12, to the
compressor 14, to the condenser 16, to the expander 18, to the
evaporator 20, and back to the accumulator 12.
[0021] The accumulator 12 as illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a
permanently assembled housing 22 comprised of upper and lower
portions 24, 26 which are each normally closed at one end and open
at the other end, and are adapted to be telescopically received
together and joined at their open ends. The upper end of the upper
portion 24 defines the top wall 28 of the accumulator housing 22.
The inside surface of the top wall 28 defines the ceiling 30 of the
interior of the accumulator housing 22. The bottom end of the
bottom portion 26 defines the bottom wall 32 of the accumulator
housing 22. The cylindrical walls of the upper portion 24 and the
lower portion 26 define the side wall 34 of the accumulator housing
22 connecting the top wall 28 to the bottom wall 32. An inlet
fitting 36, by which the accumulator 12 is connected to the
evaporator 20, is attached to the top wall 28 of the accumulator
housing 22. An outlet fitting 38, by which the accumulator 12 is
attached to the compressor 14, is attached to the side wall 34 of
the accumulator housing 22.
[0022] Located within the interior of the accumulator housing 22,
an inlet fluid pipe assembly 40 is attached to the inlet fitting 36
and a U-shaped outlet fluid pipe assembly 60 is attached to the
outlet fitting 38. The inlet fluid pipe assembly 40 includes a
straight tubular vertical portion 42 having an outlet end 48
located a given distance from the ceiling 30 of the accumulator
housing 22. The outlet end 48 of the vertical portion 42 is
directed downwardly toward the bottom wall 32 of the accumulator
housing 22. The U-shaped outlet fluid pipe assembly 60 includes an
outlet end 62 that is press fitted into the outlet fitting 38. The
outlet fluid pipe assembly 60 further includes a downward leg 64
that extends from the outlet fitting 38 to a point adjacent to the
bottom wall 32, a return bend 66 that makes a turn near the bottom
wall 32 of the accumulator housing 22, and upward leg 68 that
extends upwardly and terminates at an inlet end 70 adjacent the
ceiling 30 of the housing 22. The inlet end 70 of the outlet fluid
pipe assembly 60 is formed with a trumpet or flared shape portion
72 that is located above the outlet end 48 of the inlet fluid pipe
40 with its rim 74 close the ceiling 30 of the accumulator housing
22.
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates an accumulator 112 with a prior art
inverted T-shaped fluid inlet pipe assembly 140 attached to the top
wall 128 of the accumulator housing 122, as disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,363,742. The inlet pipe assembly 140 includes a vertical
portion 142 and a horizontal portion 146. One end of the vertical
portion 142 extends through the top wall 128 of the accumulator
housing 122 and the other end of the vertical portion 142 is
attached to middle of the horizontal portion 146. The horizontal
portion 146 can be viewed as two horizontal sub-portions 146a, 146b
extending radially outwardly at opposite directions from the end of
the vertical portion 142 at 90 degree angles. Since the axis of the
vertical portion 142 of the inlet pipe assembly 140 is
approximately parallel with the axis of the accumulator housing
122, the axis of the horizontal portion 146 is approximately 90
degrees to the side wall 134 of the accumulator housing 122.
[0024] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a fluid inlet
pipe assembly 240 according to the present invention. The fluid
inlet pipe assembly 240 is attached to the top wall 228 of the
accumulator housing 222. The fluid inlet pipe assembly includes a
tubular vertical portion 242, a tubular diverter/diffuser portion
246 and a curved portion 244 connecting the vertical portion 242 to
the diverter/diffuser portion 246. The vertical portion 242 has an
axis approximately parallel with the axis of the accumulator
housing 222. To allow the inlet end 270 of the outlet pipe assembly
260 to be located near the ceiling of the accumulator housing 222,
the axis of the vertical portion 242 is offset from the inlet end
270 of the outlet pipe assembly 260. In other words, the axis of
the vertical portion 242 does not intersect the inlet end 270 of
the outlet pipe assembly 260. Such an arrangement allows the inlet
end 270 of the outlet pipe assembly 260 to be located adjacent to
the vertical portion 242 of the inlet pipe 240, rather than, below
the vertical portion 242 of the inlet pipe 240.
[0025] The axis of the divert/diffuser portion 246 is at an angle
greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees from the axis of
vertical portion. The angle .alpha. from the axis of the
diverter/diffuser portion 246 to the axis of the vertical portion
242 is preferably between 10 degrees to 80 degrees, and more
preferably between 15 degrees to 45 degrees. The embodiment of FIG.
3 illustrates the angle .alpha. from the axis of the
diverter/diffuser portion 246 to the axis of the vertical portion
242 at approximately 30 degrees. By bending the pipe for forming
the inlet pipe assembly 240 at an angle less than 90 degrees, the
flow of the inlet refrigerant mixture is directed towards the side
wall 234 and dowardly away from the ceiling 230 of the accumulator
housing 222. By directing the inlet refrigerant mixture towards the
side wall 234, the liquid refrigerant is able to flow downwardly
along the side wall 234 to the bottom sump portion of the
accumulator housing 222. By directing the inlet refrigerant mixture
downwardly away from the ceiling 230 of the accumulator housing
222, the possible of the inlet refrigerant unintentionally entering
the inlet end 270 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 260 is
reduced.
[0026] The terminal end of the diverter/diffuser portion 246
defines the outlet end 248 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 240.
The outlet end 248 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 240 is formed
by making an angular cut across the diverter/diffuser portion 246
such that the plane of the cut is approximately parallel of the
axis of the vertical portion 242. Since the axis of the
diverter/diffuser portion 246 is at an angle less than 90 degrees
from the axis of the vertical portion 242 and the plane of the cut
is made approximately parallel of the axis of the vertical portion
242, the cut will be at an angle other than 90 degrees from the
axis of the diverter/diffuser portion 246. With the cut at angle
other than 90 degrees from the axis of the diverter/diffuser
portion 246, the outlet end 248 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly
240 has a cross-sectional area greater than the average
cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the vertical
portion 242. With the outlet end 248 having a greater
cross-sectional area, the outlet end 248 is able to act as a
diffuser diffusing the flow of refrigerant coming out the outlet
end 248; thus, reducing or preventing turbulent flow of
refrigerant. Another advantage of cutting the diverter/diffuser
portion 246 at a plane approximately equal to the axis of the
vertical portion 242 of the inlet pipe assembly 240 is that since
the axis of the vertical portion 242 of the inlet pipe assembly 240
is approximate parallel to the axis of the accumulator housing 222,
the distances from the edges of the outlet end 248 to the side wall
234 are approximately equal. The approximately equal distances
allow for a more even flow of liquid refrigerant between the outlet
end 248 of the inlet pipe assembly 240 and the side wall 234 of the
accumulator housing 222.
[0027] As illustrated in FIG. 3, it is desirable for the distance
from the inlet end 270 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 260 to the
top wall 228 of the accumulator housing to be greater than the
distance from the outlet end 248 of the inlet fluid pipe assembly
240 to the top wall 228 of the accumulator housing. This
arrangement further reduces the possibility of inlet refrigerant
from unintentionally entering the inlet end 270 of the outlet fluid
pipe assembly 260.
[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe
assembly according to the present invention. The fluid inlet pipe
assembly 340 is similar to the fluid inlet pipe assembly 240 of the
first embodiment except the cut forming the outlet end 348 of the
fluid inlet pipe assembly 340 is made in a curved diverter/diffuser
portion 346 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 340. In other words,
the cut forming the outlet end 348 is made between the tubular
vertical portion 342 and the center point C1 defining the curvature
of the curved diverter/diffuser portion 346. By forming the outlet
end 348 at the curved diverter/diffuser portion 346 of the inlet
pipe assembly 340; similar to the first embodiment, the flow of the
refrigerant mixture out of the outlet end 348 is directed towards
the side wall 334 so that entrained liquid will flow dowardly along
the side wall 334, and directed downwardly away from the inlet end
370 the outlet pipe assembly 360.
[0029] Furthermore, with the cut for forming the outlet end 348
made at a curved tubular section defining the diverter/diffuser
portion 346, similar to the first embodiment, the outlet end 348 of
the fluid inlet pipe assembly 340 has a cross-sectional area
greater than the average cross-sectional area perpendicular to the
axis of the vertical portion 342. With the outlet end 348 having a
greater cross-sectional area, the outlet end 348 is able to act as
a diffuser diffusing the flow of refrigerant coming out the outlet
end 348; thus, reducing or preventing turbulent flow of
refrigerant.
[0030] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a third embodiment of a fluid inlet
pipe assembly 440 according to the present invention. The fluid
inlet pipe assembly 440 includes a tubular vertical portion 442 and
a diverter/deflecting portion 446. The fluid inlet pipe assembly
440 is formed by first providing a straight pipe. A notch is cut
near one end of the pipe leaving a long end at one longitudinal
direction from the notch and a short end at other longitudinal
direction for the notch. The long end of the pipe defines the
vertical portion 442 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 440. The
notch can be made such that the notch completely cuts through one
longitudinal surface of the short end. Alterative if the notch does
not completely cut through one longitudinal surface of the short
end, another cut is made longitudinally along the short end of the
notched pipe.
[0031] The short end of the pipe is unfolded to form and an
unfolded section. Depending on how the short end is unfolded, the
unfolded section can be cylindrical, conical or virtually flat. The
unfolded section is then bent along the notch to an angle less than
90 degrees to define the diverter/diffuser portion 446. The angle
the axis of the vertical portion 442 from the axis of the
diverter/diffuser portion 446 is preferably between 10 degrees to
80 degrees, and more preferably between 15 degrees to 45 degrees.
Similar to the first and second embodiments, the flow of the
refrigerant mixture flowing from the diverter/diffuser portion 446
is directed towards the side wall 434 so that entrained liquid will
flow dowardly along the side wall 434, and directed downwardly away
from the inlet end 470 of the outlet pipe assembly 460.
Furthermore, due the diverter/diffuser portion 446 formed by
unfolding a section of pipe, the average radius of the inner
surface of the diverter/diffuser portion 446 is greater than the
average radius of the vertical portion 442. This greater radius of
the inner surface of the diverter/diffuser portion 446 allows the
inner surface of the diverter/diffuser portion to act as a diffuser
diffusing the flow of refrigerant coming out the outlet end 448;
thus, reducing or preventing turbulent flow of refrigerant.
[0032] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a fourth embodiment of a fluid
inlet pipe assembly 540 according to the present invention. The
fluid inlet pipe assembly 540 has a straight vertical portion 542
attached to the top wall 528 of the accumulator housing 522. The
vertical portion 542 has a fluid flow opening 543 directed
downwardly towards the bottom wall 532 of the accumulator housing
522. Attached to the end of the vertical portion 542 is a separate
diverter/diffuser assembly 545 having a diverter/diffuser portion
546 for diverting the flow of the refrigerant mixture from the
fluid flow opening 543 towards the sidewall 534 so the entrained
liquid will flow dowardly along the sidewall 534, and directed
downwardly away from the entrance to the outlet pipe.
[0033] The diverter/diffuser assembly 545 includes a mounting ring
550, a plurality of posts 552 connecting the mounting ring 550 to
the diverter/diffuser portion 546. The mounting ring 550 is adapted
to be mounted onto and attached to the outer surface of the
vertical portion 542. The mounting ring 550 has an inner diameter
slight larger than the outer diameter of the outer surface of the
vertical portion 542. The inner diameter of the mounting ring 550
should be sized to allow for a tight fit between the mounting ring
550 and the vertical portion 542, but still be able to slide over
the outer surface of the vertical portion 542 during the mounting
process without breaking the mounting ring 550. The mounting ring
550 can be attached to the vertical portion 542 by glue, welding,
brazing, mechanical or other attachment means. Three posts 552
connect the mounting ring 550 to the diverter/diffuser portion 546.
While the illustrated embodiment has three posts 552, any number of
posts capable of connecting the ring portion to the deflection
portion should be considered to be within the scope of this
invention. The spacings between the posts 552 define flow passages
554 for the refrigerant to flow through. The diverter/diffuser
portion 546 has a conical outer surface. Alternatively the
deflecting portion can have a frusto-conical outer surface. The
conical outer surface deflects the refrigerant flowing out of the
fluid flow opening 543 towards the sidewall. Due to the conical or
frusto-conical surface having a radially expanding surface, the
diverter/diffuser portion 546 not only re-directs the refrigerant,
but as the refrigerant flows dowardly along the radially expanding
surface, the refrigerant is spread out to diffuse the refrigerant.
The deflector may be made from molded plastic, cast zinc, stamped
aluminum or other materials.
[0034] FIG. 10 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe
assembly 640 according to the present invention. The fluid inlet
pipe assembly 640 is attached to the top wall 628 of the
accumulator housing 622. The fluid inlet pipe assembly includes a
tubular vertical portion 642, a tubular diverter portion 646 and a
curved portion 644 connecting the vertical portion 642 to the
diverter portion 646. The vertical portion 642 has an axis
approximately parallel with the axis of the accumulator housing
622. To allow the inlet end 670 of the outlet pipe assembly 660 to
be located near the ceiling of the accumulator housing 622, the
axis of the vertical portion 642 is offset from the inlet end 670
of the outlet pipe assembly 660. In other words, the axis of the
vertical portion 642 does not intersect the inlet end 670 of the
outlet pipe assembly 660. Such an arrangement allows the inlet end
670 of the outlet pipe assembly 660 to be located adjacent to the
vertical portion 642 of the inlet pipe 640, rather than, below the
vertical portion 642 of the inlet pipe 640.
[0035] The axis of the diverter portion 646 is at an angle
approximately 90 degrees from the axis of the vertical portion 642.
By bending the pipe for forming the inlet pipe assembly 640 at an
angle approximately 90 degrees, the flow of the inlet refrigerant
mixture is directed towards the side wall 634. By directing the
inlet refrigerant mixture towards the side wall 634, the liquid
refrigerant is able to flow downwardly along the side wall 634 to
the bottom sump portion of the accumulator housing 622.
[0036] The terminal end of the diverter portion 646 defines the
outlet end 648 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 640. The outlet end
648 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 640 is formed by making an
angular cut across the diverter portion 646 such that the plane of
the cut is approximately parallel to the axis of the vertical
portion 642 and the cut is made beyond the center point C.sub.2
defining the curvature of the curved portion 644.
[0037] In addition, it is desirable for the distance from the inlet
end 670 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 660 to the top wall 628
of the accumulator housing to be greater than the distance from the
outlet end 648 of the inlet fluid pipe assembly 640 to the top wall
628 of the accumulator housing. This arrangement reduces the
possibility of inlet refrigerant from unintentionally entering the
inlet end 670 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 660.
[0038] FIG. 11 illustrates a sixth embodiment of a fluid inlet pipe
assembly 740 according to the present invention. The fluid inlet
pipe assembly 740 is attached to the top wall 728 of the
accumulator housing 722. The fluid inlet pipe assembly includes a
tubular vertical portion 742 and a tubular diverter/diffuser
portion 746. The tubular diverter/diffuser portion includes a
tubular horizontal sub-portion 746b and a curved sub-portion 746a
connecting the vertical portion 742 to the horizontal sub-portion
746b. The vertical portion 742 has an axis approximately parallel
with the axis of the accumulator housing 722. To allow the inlet
end 770 of the outlet pipe assembly 760 to be located near the
ceiling of the accumulator housing 722, the axis of the vertical
portion 742 is offset from the inlet end 770 of the outlet pipe
assembly 760. In other words, the axis of the vertical portion 742
does not intersect the inlet end 770 of the outlet pipe assembly
760. Such an arrangement allows the inlet end 770 of the outlet
pipe assembly 760 to be located adjacent to the vertical portion
742 of the inlet pipe 740, rather than, below the vertical portion
742 of the inlet pipe 740.
[0039] The axis of the horizontal sub-portion 746b is at an angle
approximately 90 degrees from the axis of vertical portion 742. The
terminal end of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 740 defines an outlet
end 748. The outlet end 748 of the fluid inlet pipe assembly 740 is
formed by making an angular cut across the diverter/diffuser
portion 746 such that the bottom edge 747a of the diverter/diffuser
portion 746 extends further from the axis of the vertical portion
742 than the top edge 747b of the diverter/diffuser portion 746. It
is preferable that the bottom edge 746a extends beyond the center
point C.sub.3 defining the curvature of the curved sub-portion 746a
and the top edge 746b be located between the tubular vertical
portion 742 and the center point C.sub.3. The angle .beta. from the
plane of the cut forming the outlet end 748 to a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal sub-portion 746b is
preferably between 30 degrees to 60 degrees, and more preferably at
approximately 45 degrees. By forming the outlet end 748 with the
bottom edge 747a of the diverter/diffuser portion 746 extending
further from the axis of the vertical portion 742 of the
diverter/diffuser portion 746, the outlet end 748 is directed
towards the side wall 734 and upwardly towards the ceiling 730 of
the accumulator housing 722. By directing the inlet refrigerant
mixture towards the side wall 734, the liquid refrigerant is able
to flow downwardly along the side wall 734 to the bottom sump
portion of the accumulator housing.
[0040] Furthermore, since the plane of the cut forming the outlet
end 748 is at angle from the plane perpendicular to the axis of the
horizontal sub-portion 746b, the outlet end 748 of the fluid inlet
pipe assembly 740 has a cross-sectional area greater than the
average cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the
vertical portion 742. With the outlet end 748 having a greater
cross-sectional area, the outlet end 748 is able to act as a
diffuser diffusing the flow of refrigerant coming out the outlet
end 748; thus, reducing or preventing turbulent flow of
refrigerant.
[0041] In addition, it is desirable for the distance from the inlet
end 770 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 760 to the top wall 728
of the accumulator housing to be greater than the distance from the
outlet end 748 of the inlet fluid pipe assembly 740 to the top wall
728 of the accumulator housing. This arrangement reduces the
possibility of inlet refrigerant from unintentionally entering the
inlet end 770 of the outlet fluid pipe assembly 760.
[0042] While the above embodiments of the present invention are
illustrated with the trumpet shaped outlet tube, the use of the
trumpet shaped outlet tube is not necessary to recognize the
improved performance of an accumulator using an inlet tube assembly
in accordance to the present invention. Improved performance of an
accumulator using an inlet tube assembly in accordance to the
present invention can also be recognized with a baffle attached to
the accumulator housing or to the outlet tube. Furthermore, while
the improved performance of the accumulator using an inlet tube
assembly in accordance to the present invention is more evident
with the inlet tube assembly attached to the top wall, an improved
performance of the accumulator using an inlet tube assembly in
accordance will also be recognized with the inlet tube assembly
attached to the side wall.
[0043] In addition to improving the performance of the accumulator
by using an inlet tube assembly in accordance to the present
invention to divert the refrigerant toward the side wall and
downwardly while diffusing the refrigerant to reduce turbulent,
turbulent flow of the refrigerant can also be reduced by an
improved flow path defined in the inlet fitting with fewer sharp
edges. As stated in the background section, turbulent flow may also
be caused by the refrigerant flowing through the flow passage
defined within an inlet fitting. FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a
typical inlet fitting 36 with a bent flow path. The inlet fitting
36 defines a first straight fluid passage 60 and a second straight
fluid passage 64, wherein the first straight fluid passage 60
intersects the second straight fluid passage 64 at an intersection
point 68. The first straight fluid passage 60 has a cylindrical
bore 70 and a conical terminal end 62. The second straight fluid
passage 64 has a cylindrical bore 72 and a conical terminal end 66.
The cylindrical bore 70 of the first straight fluid passage 60 has
a diameter D.sub.1 greater than the diameter D.sub.2 of the
cylindrical bore 72 of the second straight fluid passage 64. To
assure that the intersection of the first fluid passage 60 with the
second fluid passage 64 does not restrict the flow of refrigerant
flowing through the bent flow path, the cylindrical bore of the
first fluid passage and the cylindrical bore of the second fluid
passage extend at least to the intersection point 68. However, due
to the conical terminal end 62 of the first fluid passage 60 and/or
the conical terminal end 66 of the second fluid passage 64, a
protrusion 74 may be defined near the intersection point 68. The
protrusion 74 and the transition from the cylindrical bores 70, 72
to the corresponding conical ends 62, 66 create sharp edges that
may cause turbulence and pressure drop in the refrigerant flowing
through the bent path of the inlet fitting 36.
[0044] FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate an inlet fitting with a bent flow
path according to the second aspect of the present invention. The
inlet fitting 836 in according to the present invention defines a
first straight fluid passage 860 and a second straight fluid
passage 864, wherein the first straight fluid passage 860
intersects the second straight fluid passage 864 at an intersection
point 868. The first straight fluid passage 860 has a cylindrical
bore 870 and a concave terminal end 862. The second straight fluid
passage 864 has a cylindrical bore 872 and a concave terminal end
866. To assure that the intersection of the first fluid passage 860
with the second fluid passage 864 does not restrict the flow of
refrigerant flowing through the bent flow path, the cylindrical
bore of the first fluid passage and the cylindrical bore of the
second fluid passage extend at least to the intersection point 868.
Since the terminal ends of the fluid passages 860, 864 are defined
by concave or rounded surfaces 862, 866, sharp notches and sharp
transition edges from the cylindrical bores to the end surfaces are
essentially eliminated in the bent flow path in the inlet fitting
836 in accordance to the present invention. A flow path having a
full-radius shaped intersection improves the flow and reduces
turbulence and pressure drop. One method to create such concave
terminal ends is to use ball end cutters with full-radius shape
drill points, instead of the industry typical cutter with sharp
conical drill points. It is preferable that the inlet fitting 836
have the diameter D.sub.4 of the cylindrical bore 872 of the second
fluid passage 864, in the order of fluid path, be equal or greater
than the diameter D.sub.3 of the cylindrical bore 870 of the first
fluid passage 860 to prevent any restrictions in the fluid flow
path. It is also preferable that the inner diameter of the section
of the inlet pipe assembly inserted into the second fluid passage
be equal or greater than the diameter D.sub.3 of the cylindrical
bore 870 of the first fluid passage 860 to prevent any restrictions
in the fluid flow path.
[0045] It should be noted that while the use of a diverter/diffuser
portion in accordance to the first aspect of the present invention
can be used in conjunction with an inlet fitting in accordance to
the second aspect of the present invention to increase the overall
performance of the accumulator, the diverter/diffuser portion in
accordance to the first aspect of the present invention and the
inlet fitting in accordance to the second aspect of the invention
can be used independently and still be able recognize an increase
in performance of the accumulator.
[0046] Various features of the present invention have been
described with reference to the above embodiments. It should be
understood that modification may be made without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention as represented by the following
claims.
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