U.S. patent application number 10/702509 was filed with the patent office on 2004-05-27 for recording and reproducing system, recording apparatus and reproducing apparatus having copy protection function.
This patent application is currently assigned to PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Kuroda, Kazuo, Moriyama, Yoshiaki, Sugaya, Kazumi, Suzuki, Toshio.
Application Number | 20040101282 10/702509 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 16488700 |
Filed Date | 2004-05-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040101282 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kuroda, Kazuo ; et
al. |
May 27, 2004 |
Recording and reproducing system, recording apparatus and
reproducing apparatus having copy protection function
Abstract
An apparatus for reading record information from a recording
disk and outputting the read record information in order to
reproduce the record information recorded on the recording disk, is
provided. The record information includes: image information which
represents an image or a picture; identification information which
represents any one of at least never copy and copy free. The never
copy indicates that copying of the record information is
prohibited. The copy free indicates that the copying of the record
information is permitted. The apparatus comprises: a read device
for reading the record information from the recording disk; a first
determination device for determining whether the identification
information included in the read record information indicates the
never copy or the copy free; a second determination device for
determining whether the recording disk is a recording disk of a
recordable type or a recording disk of a read-only type; an output
control device for determining on the basis of determinations of
the first determination device and the second determination device
whether outputting the read record information is permitted or
prohibited; and an output device for outputting the read record
information in accordance with a determination of the output
control device.
Inventors: |
Kuroda, Kazuo; (Saitama-ken,
JP) ; Suzuki, Toshio; (Saitama-ken, JP) ;
Moriyama, Yoshiaki; (Saitama-ken, JP) ; Sugaya,
Kazumi; (Saitama-ken, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
YOUNG & THOMPSON
745 SOUTH 23RD STREET 2ND FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22202
|
Assignee: |
PIONEER ELECTRONIC
CORPORATION
TOKYO-TO
JP
|
Family ID: |
16488700 |
Appl. No.: |
10/702509 |
Filed: |
November 7, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10702509 |
Nov 7, 2003 |
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09346934 |
Jul 2, 1999 |
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6707774 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
386/260 ; 360/60;
386/E5.004; G9B/19.001; G9B/20.002; G9B/7.029 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 20/00884 20130101;
H04N 2005/91342 20130101; G11B 20/00086 20130101; G11B 20/0021
20130101; G11B 2007/0006 20130101; H04N 2005/91335 20130101; H04N
2005/91364 20130101; H04N 2005/91328 20130101; G11B 7/0053
20130101; G11B 7/007 20130101; G11B 7/00736 20130101; H04N 9/8042
20130101; G11B 20/00768 20130101; G11B 19/02 20130101; H04N 5/913
20130101; G11B 19/122 20130101; H04N 5/85 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
386/094 ;
360/060; 386/125 |
International
Class: |
H04N 005/76; H04N
005/781; G11B 015/04; G11B 019/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 3, 1998 |
JP |
10-204329 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for reading record information from a recording
disk and outputting the read record information in order to
reproduce the record information recorded on the recording disk,
the record information including: image information which
represents an image or a picture; identification information which
represents any one of at least never copy and copy free, the never
copy indicating that copying of the record information is
prohibited, the copy free indicating that the copying of the record
information is permitted, the apparatus comprising: a read device
for reading the record information from the recording disk; a first
determination device for determining whether the identification
information included in the read record information indicates the
never copy or the copy free; a second determination device for
determining whether the recording disk is a recording disk of a
recordable type or a recording disk of a read-only type; an output
control device for determining on the basis of determinations of
the first determination device and the second determination device
whether outputting the read record information is permitted or
prohibited; and an output device for outputting the read record
information in accordance with a determination of the output
control device.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second
determination device comprises: a detection device for detecting a
form of a track formed on a surface of the recording disk; and a
disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detection device whether the recording disk is the
recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the
read-only type.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second
determination device comprises: a detection device for detecting a
wobble of a track formed on a surface of the recording disk; and a
disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk is the
recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the
read-only type.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: each of the
recording disk of the recordable type and the recording disk of the
real-only type has a spiral track, the spiral track is formed on a
surface of the recording disk, the record information is recorded
on the spiral track, the recording disk of the recordable type
further has a loop track, the loop track is formed on the surface
of the recording disk together with the spiral track, the loop
track is different from the spiral track in form, and the second
determination device comprises: a detection device for detecting
the loop track formed on the surface of the recording disk; and a
disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk is the
disk of the recordable type or the disk of the read-only type.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the recording disk
has disk information, the disk information is recorded on the
recording disk as digital data, the disk information indicates the
type of the recording disk, and the second determination device
comprises: a detection device for detecting the disk information
from the recording disk; and a disk determination device for
determining on the basis of a detection of the detecting device
whether the recording disk is the recording disk of the recordable
type or the recording disk of the read-only type.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the recording disk
has standard information, the standard information is recorded on
the recording disk as digital data, the standard information
indicates a standard of the recording disk, and the second
determination device comprises: a detection device for detecting
the standard information from the recording disk; and a disk
determination device for determining on the basis of a detection of
the detecting device whether the recording disk is the recording
disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the read-only
type.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the identification
information is a watermark to be embedded in the image or the
picture.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the identification
information is CGMS (Copy Generation Management System)
information.
9. An apparatus for reading record information comprising image
information and identification information from a recording disk
and outputting the read record information in order to reproduce
the record information recorded on the recording disk, the
apparatus comprising: a read device with reading means for reading
the record information comprising image information and
identification information from the recording disk; a first
determination device with first determining means for determining
whether copying of the record information is prohibited or
permitted on the basis of the identification information; a second
determination device with second determining means for determining
whether the recording disk is a recording disk of a recordable type
or a recording disk of a read-only type on the basis of a form of a
track formed on a surface of the recording disk; an output control
device with third determining means for determining, on the basis
of determinations of the first determination device and the second
determination device, whether outputting the read record
information is permitted or prohibited; and an output device for
outputting the read record information in accordance with a
determination of the output control device.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the second
determination means comprises: a detection device for detecting a
wobble of a track formed on a surface of the recording disk; and a
disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk is the
recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the
read-only type.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: each of the
recording disk of the recordable type and the recording disk of the
real-only type has a spiral track, the spiral track is formed on a
surface of the recording disk, the record information is recorded
on the spiral track, the recording disk of the recordable type
further has a loop track, the loop track is formed on the surface
of the recording disk together with the spiral track, the loop
track is different from the spiral track in form, and the second
determination means comprises: a detection device for detecting the
loop track formed on the surface of the recording disk; and a disk
determination device for determining on the basis of a detection of
the detecting device whether the recording disk is the disk of the
recordable type or the disk of the read-only type.
12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the identification
information is a watermark to be embedded in the image or the
picture.
13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the identification
information is CGMS (Copy Generation Management System)
information.
14. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the identification
information is standard information that indicates a standard of
the recording disk.
15. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the identification
information indicates whether or not the record information is
encrypted.
16. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the identification
information is certification information that indicates the
recording apparatus that has recorded the record information onto
the recording disk.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to an information reproducing
apparatus for reproducing digital information recorded on a
recording disk such as a DVD, and more particularly to an
information reproducing apparatus capable of prohibiting
reproduction of digital information that has been illegally or
unfairly copied.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] A DVD is a recording medium having a large recording
capacity, and can record, for example, digital video information
equivalent to one volume of moving picture film. Because of this
large capacity, a DVD has come to be distributed as an image
recording medium for replacing a video cassette of VHS system. A
DVD exists in two types; a DVD onto which a recording or a
rewriting cannot be done (It is referred to as a "read-only DVD",
hereinafter.), and a DVD onto which a recording or a rewriting can
be done (It is referred to as a "recordable DVD", hereinafter.).
When a recordable DVD is used, it is possible to digitally copy the
whole content of a moving picture recorded on the DVD.
[0005] Along with the distribution of the recordable DVD, there has
been developed a system for digitally transmitting a moving picture
or the like from a broadcasting station to general subscribers.
When this system has been achieved, it becomes possible for
subscribers to not only enjoy watching a high-definition moving
picture at home but also digitally record the moving picture
transmitted from the broadcasting station onto a DVD and prepare a
replica disk in an easy manner.
[0006] On the other hand, the act of copying a moving picture or
the like without permission is restricted by the copyright law,
etc. Particularly, when a moving picture or the like is copied
digitally, there occurs no quality degradation in the moving
picture copied. Accordingly, it is necessary to severely restrict
the copying of digital video information using a DVD in order to
promote the distribution of DVD as well.
[0007] In order to restrict the recording or copying of digital
video information, various methods have been proposed. For example,
there is proposed a method of embedding identification information
for restricting the copying into digital video information at the
time of recording the digital video information onto a DVD. Such a
system is generally called a CGMS (Copy Generation Management
System). This identification information represents one of the
following: ( 1) prohibiting the copying (hereinafter to be referred
to as "Never Copy"), (2) permitting the copying only once
(hereinafter to be referred to as "One Copy"), and (3) permitting
the copying without restriction (hereinafter to be referred to as
"Copy Free"). When digital video information embedded with this
kind of identification information is copied onto other DVD, a
recording apparatus reads out the identification information from
within the digital video information, and if this identification
information shows Never Copy, the recording apparatus does not
record this digital video information.
[0008] Further, there is also proposed a method of restricting the
copying of a picture or a video image by embedding identification
information having a function similar to the above into the display
range of the image or the video image as a watermark.
[0009] Meanwhile, since the DVD is an optical recording medium, a
light beam is used in recording and reading the digital video
information. Because of this, when recording the digital video
information onto the DVD, the digital video information is
converted into an RF (Radio Frequency) signal and then recorded
onto the DVD. That is, the digital video information is actually
recorded onto the DVD as the RF signal. When reproducing the
digital video information from the DVD, the RF signal is read from
the DVD and then converted into the digital video information with
a decoder.
[0010] It is possible to detect the CGMS and the watermark from the
digital video information. However, it is not possible to directly
detect them from the RF signal. This means that the restriction of
the illegally or unfairly copying of the digital video information
using the CGMS and the watermark is effective only after the RF
signal is converted into the digital video information.
[0011] Therefore, the restriction of the copying of the digital
video information using the CGMS and the watermark is not effective
in an act of copying the RF signal from one DVD to another. If an
act of reading the RF signal from the DVD and directly recording it
onto another DVD is done, the CGMS and the watermark is not
useful.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to
provide an information reproducing apparatus capable of prohibiting
reproduction of digital information which has been copied by
copying an RF signal from one recording disk to another.
[0013] An information reproducing apparatus in accordance with the
present invention is an apparatus for reading record information
from a recording disk and outputting the read record information in
order to reproduce the record information recorded on the recording
disk.
[0014] The record information includes: image information which
represents an image or a picture; identification information which
represents any one of at least never copy and copy free.
[0015] The never copy indicates that copying of the record
information is prohibited. The copy free indicates that the copying
of the record information is permitted.
[0016] The information reproducing apparatus comprises: a read
device for reading the record information from the recording disk;
a first determination device for determining whether the
identification information included in the read record information
indicates the never copy or the copy free; a second determination
device for determining whether the recording disk is a recording
disk of a recordable type or a recording disk of a read-only type;
an output control device for determining on the basis of
determinations of the first determination device and the second
determination device whether outputting the read record information
is permitted or prohibited; and an output device for outputting the
read record information in accordance with a determination of the
output control device.
[0017] As stated above, the identification information indicates
any one of the never copy and the copy free. For example, two
different values may be used as the identification information. One
is used as a value indicating the never copy. The other is used as
a value indicating the copy free. Alternatively, only one value may
be used as the identification information. In this case, when the
value is included in the record information, it may be determined
that the record information is then ever copy. When the value is
not included in the record information, it may be determined that
the record information is the copy free.
[0018] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
read device reads the record information from the recording disk.
The first determination device determines whether the
identification information included in the record information
indicates the never copy or the copy free. Therefore, a copy
restriction status of the record information can be determined.
[0019] The second determination device determines whether the type
of recording disk is a recordable type or a read-only type.
Therefore, the type of the recording disk can be determined. In
addition, the recording disk of the recordable type is a recording
disk that information can be recorded thereon once or many times.
Both a rewritable disk and a recordable disk are included in the
recording disk of the recordable type.
[0020] The output control device determines on the basis of the
identification information and the type of recording disk whether
outputting the read record information is permitted or prohibited.
The output device outputs the record information in accordance with
a determination of the output control device.
[0021] For example, when the identification information indicates
the copy free and the type of recording disk is the recordable
type, it is recognized that the record information that is allowed
the copying has been recorded on the recordable type disk. This is
normal. At this time, the output control device determines that
outputting the record information is permitted. The output device
therefore outputs the record information.
[0022] On the other hand, when the identification information
indicates the never copy and the type of recording disk is the
recordable type, it is recognized that the record information that
is prohibited the copying has been recorded on the recordable type
recording disk. This is abnormal. It can be expected illegal or
unfair copying. If an RF signal is directly copied from one disk to
another, this case occurs. In such a case, the output control
device determines that outputting the record information is
prohibited. The output device therefore does not output the record
information. Thus, reproduction of an illegally or unfairly copied
record information can be prevented.
[0023] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
second determination device may includes: a detection device for
detecting a form of a track formed on a surface of the recording
disk; and a disk determination device for determining on the basis
of a detection of the detection device whether the recording disk
is the recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk
of the read-only type.
[0024] The recordable type recording disk and the read-only type
recording disk are different from each other in physical structure.
The second determination device determines the type of recording
disk by detecting a difference in physical structure of the
recording disk.
[0025] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
second determination device may includes: a detection device for
detecting a wobble of a track formed on a surface of the recording
disk; and a disk determination device for determining on the basis
of a detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk
is the recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk
of the read-only type.
[0026] In the recordable type recording disk, the track has the
wobble. In the read-only type recording disk, the track does not
have the wobble. The second determination device determines the
type of recording disk by detecting presence or absence of the
wobble.
[0027] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
second determination device may includes: a detection device for
detecting a loop track formed on the surface of the recording disk;
and a disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk is the
disk of the recordable type or the disk of the read-only type.
[0028] Each of the recording disk of the recordable type and the
recording disk of the read-only type has a spiral track. The spiral
track is formed on a surface of the recording disk. The record
information is recorded on the spiral track. Only the recording
disk of the recordable type further has a loop track. The loop
track is formed on the surface of the recording disk together with
the spiral track. The loop track is different from the spiral track
in form. The second determination device determines the type of
recording disk by detecting presence or absence of the loop
track.
[0029] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
second determination device may includes: a detection device for
detecting the disk information from the recording disk; and a disk
determination device for determining on the basis of a detection of
the detecting device whether the recording disk is the recording
disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the read-only
type.
[0030] The recording disk has disk information. The disk
information is recorded on the recording disk as digital data. The
disk information indicates the type of the recording disk. The
second determination device determines the type of recording disk
by detecting the disk information.
[0031] In the above-stated information reproducing apparatus, the
second determination device may includes: a detection device for
detecting the standard information from the recording disk; and a
disk determination device for determining on the basis of a
detection of the detecting device whether the recording disk is the
recording disk of the recordable type or the recording disk of the
read-only type.
[0032] The recording disk has standard information. The standard
information is recorded on the recording disk as digital data. The
standard information indicates a standard of the recording disk.
The standard of the recording disk is different depending on the
type of recording disk. The second determination device determines
the type of recording disk by detecting the standard
information.
[0033] The nature, utility, and further feature of this invention
will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed
description with respect to preferred embodiments of the invention
when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings briefly
described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] FIG. 1 is a block diagram for showing a
recording/reproducing system according to a first embodiment of the
present invention;
[0035] FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram for showing a video signal
corresponding to analog video information in the first embodiment
of the present invention;
[0036] FIG. 3 is an explanatory view for showing a display range
which an audience can actually watch, a range for forming a picture
or a video image and a position where a copy protection code is
embedded, in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] FIG. 4 is a flowchart for showing digital output control of
a satellite broadcasting receiver in the first embodiment of the
present invention;
[0038] FIG. 5 is a view for showing a relationship between a
determination and digital output control by the satellite
broadcasting receiver in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0039] FIG. 6 is a block diagram for showing a recording apparatus
according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] FIG. 7 is a flowchart for showing a record restriction
control in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] FIG. 8 is a view for showing a relationship between the
statuses of a watermark, a copy protection code and a CGMS and
controls executed to these statuses by a controller;
[0042] FIG. 9 is a block diagram for showing a reproducing
apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0043] FIG. 10 is a flowchart for showing reproduction restriction
control in the first embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] FIGS. 11A and 11B are views for showing a relationship
between the statuses of a watermark, CGMS, etc. and controls
executed to these statuses by a controller;
[0045] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a part of a recordable DVD on
which a groove track and a land track are formed;
[0046] FIG. 13 is a diagram for showing a disk discriminating
device according to the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0047] FIG. 14 is a block diagram for showing a
recording/reproducing system, a satellite broadcasting system, a
non-compliant recording apparatus, a non-compliant reproducing
apparatus, etc. in the first embodiment of the present
invention;
[0048] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a lead-in area, a lead-out area
and a recording area on a DVD in a second embodiment of the present
invention;
[0049] FIG. 16 is an enlarged view showing a loop track formed on a
DVD according to the second embodiment of the present
invention;
[0050] FIG. 17 is a block diagram for showing a reproducing
apparatus according to the second embodiment or a third embodiment
of the present invention;
[0051] FIG. 18 is a diagram for showing a control data block
recorded on a DVD in the third embodiment of the present invention;
and
[0052] FIG. 19 is a diagram for showing disk information and
version information contained in the control data block in the
third embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0053] Referring to the accompanying drawings, embodiment of the
present invention will be described. In the description set forth
hereinafter, the present invention is applied to an information
reproducing apparatus in a recording/reproducing system capable of
recording, reproducing and copying digital video information which
is transmitted from a digital satellite broadcasting system or
which is recorded on a DVD.
[0054] A. First Embodiment
[0055] I. Recording/Reproducing System
[0056] FIG. 1 shows a digital satellite broadcasting system as an
information generation source and a recording/reproducing system
and others according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 1, a recording/reproducing system 100
includes a recording apparatus 10, a reproducing apparatus 50 and a
satellite broadcasting receiver 301.
[0058] The recording apparatus 10 is an apparatus for recording
digital video information DP or analog video information AP input
from the outside, onto a DVD 1 which is a recordable or rewritable
recording medium (or a recordable DVD). The recording apparatus 10
is equipped with a digital input terminal for inputting the digital
video information D P and an analog input terminal for inputting
the analog video information AP, and records the digital video
information DP input from the digital input terminal onto the DVD 1
as a digital data and converts the analog video information AP
input from the analog input terminal into digital video information
DP and records this data onto the DVD 1.
[0059] The reproducing apparatus 50 is an apparatus for reading out
the digital video information DP recorded on the DVD 1 by the
recording apparatus 10, and outputting this digital video
information DP as it is or outputting this information as analog
video information AP after converting this digital video
information DP into the analog video information. The reproducing
apparatus 50 is equipped with a digital output terminal for
outputting the digital video information DP and an analog output
terminal for outputting the analog video information AP. When an
analog monitoring apparatus such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) or a
PDP (Plasma Display Panel) or the like (not shown) is connected to
the analog output terminal of the reproducing apparatus 50, for
example, it is possible to reproduce a picture or a video image
recorded as the digital video information DP on the DVD 1. When the
digital output terminal of the reproducing apparatus 50 is
connected to the digital input terminal of the recording apparatus
10, as shown in FIG. 1, the digital video information DP recorded
on the DVD 1 can be output as digital data to the recording
apparatus 10 from the reproducing apparatus 50. In this case, it is
possible to record the digital video information DP onto other DVD
by the recording apparatus 10. As stated above, when the digital
output terminal of the reproducing apparatus 50 is connected to the
digital input terminal of the recording apparatus 10, the digital
video information DP can be copied by digital transmission. As
shown in FIG. 1, when the analog output terminal of the reproducing
apparatus 50 is connected to the analog input terminal of the
recording apparatus 10, the digital video information DP can be
copied by analog transmission.
[0060] In FIG. 1, a satellite broadcasting system 200 is a system
provided in a broadcasting station, for example, for carrying out a
digital satellite broadcasting of a moving picture, a concert, a
television program or the like. A satellite broadcasting receiver
301 is an apparatus for receiving a digital satellite broadcasting
sent by the satellite broadcasting system 200, and is structured by
an IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) or an STB (Set Top Box). The
satellite broadcasting receiver 301 receives a wave transmitted
from the broadcasting station and outputs the digital video
information DP included in the received wave. Further, the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301 can also convert the digital
video information DP included in the received wave into the analog
video information AP and outputs this analog video information.
[0061] The digital video information DP is compressed by MPEG2
(Moving Picture Expert Group Phase 2) for example, and includes
digital data including digital video data, various headers and
added information for example. The digital video data is digitized
data of a picture or a video image structuring a moving picture, a
concert, a television program or the like. A data format of the
digital video information DP is different between a case where the
digital video information DP is being recorded onto the DVD 1 and a
case where the digital video information DP is being transmitted
between the apparatuses. The analog video information AP is an
analog video signal corresponding to the digital video information
DP.
[0062] The digital video information DP and the analog video
information AP are respectively applied with one of the copy
protections of Never Copy, One Copy (or One Generation Copy) and
Copy Free. Never Copy means the entire prohibiting of the recording
of the digital video information DP or the analog video information
AP onto a recording medium. One Copy means the permission of
recording the digital video information DP o r the analog video
information AP onto a recording medium only once. In other words,
by One Copy, making what is called a first-generation copy is
permitted, but making copy of a second-generation and after is
prohibited. Copy Free means no restriction of the copying of the
digital video information DP or the analog video information AP
onto a recording medium. By Copy Free, it is possible to make copy
of the second generation and after, not to mention the
first-generation copy.
[0063] In the case of carrying out a digital satellite broadcasting
of a moving picture by the satellite broadcasting system 200 as
shown in FIG. 1, for example, the digital video information DP
transmitted from the satellite broadcasting system 200 and received
by the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 is usually permitted to
be recorded only once. In this case, the digital video information
DP is One Copy. Further, when the digital video information DP such
as a moving picture or the like is recorded in advance onto a
read-only DVD 2 as shown in FIG. 1 and the DVD 2 is sold in the
market, the reproduction of the digital video information DP
recorded on the DVD 2 is usually prohibited. In this case, the
digital video information DP is Never Copy. Further, when the DVD 2
recorded with the digital video information DP is distributed free
of charge, the copying of the digital video information DP is not
restricted in many cases. In this case, the digital video
information DP is Copy Free.
[0064] The digital video information DP and the analog video
information AP are embedded with a watermark, a copy protection
code and a code based on CGMS (Copy Generation Management System)
(hereinafter to be referred to as a "CGMS"). These are
identification information for making the recording apparatus 10
and the reproducing apparatus 50 recognize the copy protection
applied to the digital video information DP and the analog video
information AP. The recording apparatus 10 and the reproducing
apparatus 50 are based on a predetermined rule on the copy
protection that prescribes a disposition, a decision method, a
scrambling method, etc. of the watermark, the copy protection code
and the CGMS, respectively. As described later, the recording
apparatus 10 and the reproducing apparatus 50 can control the
recording and reproduction of the digital video information DP and
the analog video information AP based on the watermark, the copy
protection code and the CGMS.
[0065] The watermark, the copy protection code and the CGMS will be
explained next. The watermark is embedded within a picture or a
video image without degradation of the quality of the picture or
the video image itself. The watermark represents one of Never Copy,
One Copy and Copy Free. In the present embodiment, it is assumed
that when there exists no watermark within a picture or a video
image, this represents Copy Free. The watermark is not changed by
the recording apparatus 10 or the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0066] The copy protection code is embedded within a picture or a
video image, and is disposed near the periphery of the display
range of the picture or the video image. The copy protection code
represents one of One Copy and No More Copy. "No More Copy" means
the prohibition of copying any more as the One Copy digital video
information DP or the One Copy analog video information AP has been
recorded once onto the DVD 1 or the like. In this case, when the
One Copy digital video information DP or the One Copy analog video
information AP is once recorded onto the DVD 1 by the recording
apparatus 10 and then the digital video information DP recorded on
the DVD 1 is read out by the reproducing apparatus 50 and is
converted into the analog video information AP and a result is
output to the outside, the copy protection code of One Copy is
changed to No More Copy by the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0067] The copy protection code represents One Copy and No More
Copy respectively in two different statuses. It may be so arranged
that when the copy protection code exists in the digital video
information DP or the analog video information AP, the copy
protection code represents One Copy, and when the copy protection
code does not exist in the digital video information DP or the
analog video information AP, this represents No More Copy. In this
case, when the One Copy digital video information DP or the One
Copy analog video information AP is once recorded onto the DVD 1 by
the recording apparatus 10 and then the digital video information
DP recorded on the DVD 1 is read out by the reproducing apparatus
50 and is converted into the analog video information AP and a
result is output to the outside, the copy protection code is
deleted by the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0068] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a copy protection code embedded
position will be explained by taking an example of the case where
the analog video information AP is a video signal based on the NTSC
(National Television System Committee) system. As shown in FIG. 2,
the video signal of the NTSC system includes a horizontal
synchronizing signal SH, a burst signal SB, a solid image signal SG
for forming a picture or a video image, etc. A period corresponding
to the solid image signal SG is a horizontal scanning period THS,
and a period between the solid image signal SG and a next solid
image signal SG is a horizontal blanking period THB.
[0069] A picture or a video image displayed on the CRT or the PDP
is formed by the solid image signal SG within the horizontal
scanning period THS. However, as shown in FIG. 3, in general, on
the CRT or the PDP, a display range AR1 which can be actually
watched by an audience exists in many cases inside an image forming
range AR2 in which the picture or the video image is formed by the
solid image signal SG. As a result, the vicinity of the peripheral
portion of the display range AR1 outside the display range AR1 is a
portion that cannot be actually watched by the audience. Depending
on the type of the CRT and PDP, there are CRT's and PDP's in which
the display range AR1 and the forming range AR2 almost coincide.
Even in this case, the peripheral portion of the picture or the
video image is not easily watched by the audience, and this is a
portion that gives little effect to the picture or the video
image.
[0070] Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, the copy protection code
CPC is embedded in the vicinity of the peripheral portion of the
display range AR1 outside the display range AR1 of the picture or
the video image, although this embedded position is inside the
image forming range AR2 of the picture or the video image. The
vicinity of the peripheral portion of the display range AR1 outside
the display range AR1 of the picture or the video image is formed
by the solid image signal SG positioned at a starting portion P1
and an ending portion P2 of the horizontal scanning period THS.
Accordingly, copy protection code CPC is embedded into the solid
image signal SG positioned at the starting portion P1 and the
ending portion P2 of the horizontal scanning period THS as shown in
FIG. 2. Similarly, the copy protection code CPC is also embedded
into the solid image signal positioned at a starting portion and an
ending portion of a vertical scanning period.
[0071] CGMS is the identification information for carrying out the
copy protection based on the Copy Generation Management System, and
this represents one of Never Copy, One Copy and Copy Free, like the
watermark. CGMS has two kinds of forms; CGMS-D for being added to
the digital video information DP and the CGMS-A for being added to
the analog video information AP. When the data format of the
digital video information DP is a data format for recording onto a
DVD, CGMS-D is written into the header area of each sector
structuring the digital video information DP. CGMS-A is embedded
into each scanning starting portion of line 20 and line 283, for
example, of the horizontal scanning line of a video signal (analog
video information AP). Further, CGMS is changed from One Copy to
Never Copy by the recording apparatus 10 when One Copy digital
video information DP or One Copy analog video information AP is
recorded onto the DVD1 by the recording apparatus 10.
[0072] In the present embodiment, when the digital video
information DP or the analog video information AP is Never Copy, a
watermark representing Never Copy and a CGMS representing Never
Copy are embedded. When the digital video information DP or the
analog video information AP is One Copy, a watermark representing
One Copy, a copy protection code representing One Copy and a CGMS
representing One Copy are embedded. Further, when the digital video
information DP or the analog video information AP is Copy Free, at
least CGMS for representing Copy Free is embedded.
[0073] II. Satellite Broadcasting Receiver
[0074] The satellite broadcasting receiver 301 will be explained
next. The satellite broadcasting receiver 301 can digitally output
the digital video information DP included in the wave received from
the satellite broadcasting system 200, or can output the digital
video information DP after converting it into the analog video
information AP. Accordingly, the satellite broadcasting receiver
301 is equipped with an analog output terminal for outputting the
analog video information AP and a digital output terminal for
outputting the digital video information DP.
[0075] Further, the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 has a
function of deciding whether or not the digital video information
DP is to be output from the digital output terminal, based on the
watermark included in the received digital video information DP and
the type of an external apparatus connected to the digital output
terminal.
[0076] Referring to FIG. 4, this function will be explained. When
the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 has received the digital
video information DP, the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 at
first detects a watermark embedded within this digital video
information DP, and determines whether this watermark represents
Never Copy, One Copy or Copy Free (step 31). Next, the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 determines whether or not the types of
the external apparatuses connected to the digital output terminal
of the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 coincide with the types
of authorized apparatuses registered in advance in the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 (step 32). In this case, the recording
apparatus 10 of the recording/reproducing system 100 and authorized
apparatuses not equipped with the function of recording the digital
video information DP onto the recording medium, such as, for
example, a digital monitoring apparatus and the like are registered
in advance in the satellite broadcasting receiver 301. Then, the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301 determines whether the received
digital video information DP is to be digitally output or not,
based on the status of the watermark and the determination of
whether or not the external apparatuses are the authorized
apparatuses (step 33).
[0077] FIG. 5 is a control management table for showing a
relationship between each determination and control of the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301. This control management table
is recorded in advance in the satellite broadcasting receiver 301,
and the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 makes a determination
in the above step 33 by using the control management table.
[0078] As shown in the first row of the control management table in
FIG. 5, when the watermark represents Never Copy and the external
apparatus connected to the digital output terminal coincide with
any one of registered the apparatuses, namely, any one of the
authorized apparatuses, the satellite broadcasting receiver 301
outputs the digital video information DP from the digital output
terminal (step 34). On the other hand, as shown in the second row,
when the external apparatus connected to the digital output
terminal do not coincide with any one of the authorized
apparatuses, the satellite broadcasting receiver 301 does not
output the digital video information DP from the digital output
terminal (step 35). With this arrangement, it is possible to
prevent the Never Copy digital video information DP from being
output to the apparatuses equipped with the recording function
other than the monitoring apparatus, for example. Thus, it is
possible to restrict the copying by digital transmission of the
digital video information DP.
[0079] As shown in the third row of the control management table in
FIG. 5, when the watermark represents One Copy and the external
apparatuses connected to the digital output terminal coincide with
any one of the authorized apparatuses, the satellite broadcasting
receiver 301 outputs the digital video information DP from the
digital output terminal (step 34). On the other hand, as shown in
the fourth row of the control management, when the external
apparatuses connected to the digital output terminal do not
coincide with any one of the authorized apparatuses, the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 does not output the digital video
information DP from the digital output terminal (step 35). With
this arrangement, it is possible to prevent the One Copy digital
video information DP from being output to recording apparatuses
other than the recording apparatus 10, for example. Thus, it is
possible to restrict the copying by digital transmission of the
digital video information DP.
[0080] Further, as shown in the fifth row of the control management
table, when the watermark represents Copy Free, the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 outputs the digital video information DP
from the digital output terminal (step 34).
[0081] III. Recording Apparatus
[0082] Referring next to FIG. 6, the recording apparatus 10 of the
recording/reproducing system 100 will be explained.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 6, the recording apparatus 10 is equipped
with a digital input terminal 11, an analog input terminal 12, an
analog-digital (A/D) converter 13, an MPEG encoder 14, a switch 15,
a CGMS-D detector 16, a CGMS-A detector 17, a watermark detector
18, a copy protection code detector 19, a controller 20, a format
converter 21, a scramble processor 22, a switch 23, an error
correction code adding device 24, a certification code adding
device 25 and a recording device 26.
[0084] When the analog output terminal of the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 or the analog output terminal of the
reproducing apparatus 50 is connected to the analog input terminal
12 of the recording apparatus 10, for example, the analog video
information AP output from the satellite broadcasting receiver 301
or the reproducing apparatus 50 i s input to the recording
apparatus 10 from the analog input terminal 12. Then, this analog
video information AP is input to the analog-digital converter 13
and the CGMS-A detector 17 respectively. The analog-digital
converter 13 converts the analog video information AP into digital
video information DP, and outputs it to the MPEG encoder 14 and the
copy protection code detector 19 respectively. The MPEG encoder 14
encodes the video information DP output from the analog-digital
converter 13 by using a coding system based on MPEG2. As explained
above, the analog video information AP is converted into the
digital video information DP by the analog-digital converter 13 and
the MPEG encoder 14, and a result is input to the switch 15.
[0085] The digital video information DP input to the switch 15 from
the MPEG encoder 14 is output to the watermark detector 18 and the
format converter 21 through the switch 15. The switch 15 is a
switch for changing over between an input from the analog input
terminal 12 and a n input from the digital input terminal 11. The
switch control of the switch 15 is carried out based on a switch
control signal SCS1 output from the controller 20.
[0086] The watermark detector 18 detects the watermark from the
digital video information DP input through the switch 15, and
outputs watermark information CPI1 corresponding to this watermark
to the copy protection code detector 19 and the controller 20
respectively. The copy protection code detector 19 detects a copy
protection code from the video information output from the
analog-digital converter 13, and outputs copy protection
information CPI2 corresponding to this copy protection code to the
controller 20. The copy protection code detector 19 may use the
watermark information CPI1 output from the watermark detector 18,
at the time of detecting the copy protection code from the digital
video information DP. The CGMS-A detector 17 detects CGMS-A from
the analog video information AP input from the analog input
terminal 11, and outputs CGMS information CPI4 corresponding to
this CGMS-A to the controller 20.
[0087] The format converter 21 converts the data format of the
digital video information DP input through the switch 15 into a
data format for recording onto a DVD. More specifically, in the
format converter 21, the digital video information DP is divided
into a plurality of sectors. Each sector consists of a header area
positioned at the header portion of the sector, a data area
positioned at the intermediate portion, and an error detection code
area positioned at the end portion of the sector. Address
management information, data control information, etc. necessary
for the recording and reproduction onto and from the DVD are
written in the header area. Digital video data corresponding to a
picture or a video information is written in the data area. An
error detection code for detecting an error of each sector or each
group consisting of a plurality of sectors is written in an error
detection code area. Further, the format converter 21 obtains CGMS
information from the controller 20, generates CGMS-D corresponding
to this CGMS information and adds this CGMS-D to the header area of
each sector structuring the digital video information DP. When it
is necessary to combine sound information with the digital video
information, the format converter 21 obtains the sound information
from a sound processing circuit not shown, combines this sound
information with the digital video information, and writes the
combined data in the data area of each sector.
[0088] The digital video information DP added with the CGMS-D is
input to the scramble processor 22 and the switch 23 respectively
from the format converter 21. The scramble processor 22 scrambles
the digital video data recorded in the data area of each sector
structuring the digital video information DP. As a result, the
digital video information DP becomes data that cannot be reproduced
unless the scramble is removed.
[0089] The switch 23 is a switch for changing over between the
digital video information DP output from the format converter 21
through the scramble processor 22 and the digital video information
DP directly output from the format converter 21. The switch control
of the switch 23 is carried out based on a switch control signal
SCS2 output from the controller 20. With this arrangement, it is
possible to change over between the scrambled digital video
information DP and the non-scrambled digital video information DP
according to the control of the controller 20.
[0090] The digital video information DP output through the switch
23 is added with an error correction code by the error correction
code adding device 24, and a result is input to the certification
code adding device 25. The certification code adding device 25 adds
a certification code to the digital video information DP added with
the error correction code.
[0091] The certification code is the information for certifying
that the digital video information DP has been recorded onto the
DVD 1 by the recording apparatus 10. The certification code is
detected by the reproducing apparatus 50 at the time of reproducing
the digital video information DP by the reproducing apparatus 50.
Scramble removal information for removing the scramble may also be
included in the certified code. The certification code is a very
small data added as an intentional error to the digital video
information DP added with an error correction code. Accordingly,
the certification code disappears based on an error correction by
the reproducing apparatus 50 after the certification code has been
detected by the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0092] The digital video information DP added with a certification
code by the certification code adding device 25 is input to the
recording device 26. When the controller 20 has permitted the
recording, the recording device 26 records the digital video
information DP onto the recordable DVD 1. On the other hand, when
the controller 20 has prohibited the recording, the recording
device 26 does not record the digital video information DP onto the
DVD 1. The operation of the recording device 26 is controlled by a
record control signal WCS output from the controller 20.
[0093] On the other hand, when the digital output terminal of the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301 or the digital output terminal
of the reproducing apparatus 50 is connected to the digital input
terminal 11 of the recording apparatus 10, the digital video
information DP output from the satellite broad casting receiver 301
or the reproducing apparatus 50 is in put to the recording
apparatus 10 from the digital input terminal 11. As explained
above, when it has been confirmed that the external apparatus
connected to the digital output terminal of the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301 is the recording apparatus 10 of the
recording/reproducing system 100, the satellite broadcasting
receiver 301 outputs the One Copy digital video information DP. As
described later, the reproducing apparatus 50 outputs only the Copy
Free digital video information DP when the external apparatus
connected to the digital output terminal is other than the
authorized apparatus (for example, other than the monitoring
apparatus). However, when the non-compliant reproducing apparatus
or others are connected to the digital input terminal 11 of the
recording apparatus 10, it is not possible to predict what kind of
status of digital video information DP is to be input.
[0094] When the digital video information DP is input to the
recording apparatus 10 from the digital input terminal 11, this
digital video information DP is input to the switch 15 and the
CGMS-D detector 16 respectively. The digital video information DP
input to the switch 15 is input to the watermark detector 18 and
the format converter 21 respectively through the switch 15.
[0095] In this case, as described above, the watermark detector 18
detects a watermark from the digital video information DP, and
outputs the watermark information CPI1 corresponding to this
watermark to the controller 20. The CGMS-D detector 16 detects
CGMS-D from the digital video information DP input through the
digital input terminal 11, and outputs CGMS information CPI3
corresponding to this CGMS-D to the controller 20.
[0096] The digital information DP input to the format converter 21
is supplied to the recording device 26 through the scramble
processor 23, the error correction code adding device 24 and the
certification code adding device 25, as explained above, and this
digital information DP is recorded onto the DVD1 by the recording
device 26 when the recording has been permitted by the controller
20.
[0097] Further, the controller 20 is equipped with a CPU, memories,
etc. and carries out an overall control of the recording apparatus
10, switch controls of the switches 15, 23 and a record restriction
control as shown in FIG. 7.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 8, a record restriction control carried
out by the controller 20 when the analog video information AP has
been input to the recording apparatus 10 will be explained.
[0099] When the analog video information AP has been input to the
recording apparatus 10, the controller 20 changes over the switch
15 to permit the input of the analog video information AP. The
analog video information AP input to the recording apparatus 10 is
converted into digital information by the analog-digital converter
13 and is input to the copy protection code detector 19, as
described above, and at the same time, this analog video
information AP is converted into the digital video information DP
by the analog-digital converter 13 and the MPEG encoder 14, and is
input to the watermark detector 18 and the format converter 21
through the switch 15. In this case, the controller 20 executes the
record restriction control shown in FIG. 7. For the sake of
convenience of explanation, the analog video information AP and the
digital video information DP obtained by conversion based on this
analog video information AP will hereinafter be collectively
referred to as "video information".
[0100] In FIG. 7, the controller 20 determines whether the
watermark included in the video information input to the recording
apparatus 10 represents Never Copy, One Copy or Copy Free, based on
the watermark information CPI1 output from the watermark detector
18 (step 1). Further, the controller 20 determines whether the copy
protection code included in the video information input to the
recording apparatus 10 represents No More Copy or One Copy, based
on the copy protection information CP12 output from the copy
protection code detector 19 (step 2). Further, the controller 20
determines whether the CGMS included in the video information input
to the recording apparatus 10 represents Never Copy, One Copy or
Copy Free, based on the CGMS information CPI4 output from the
CGMS-A detector 17 (step 3).
[0101] Next, the controller 20 determines whether the recording
onto the DVD1 of the video information input to the recording
apparatus 10 is to be permitted or prohibited, based on results of
the determinations in steps 1 to 3 (step 4).
[0102] When the determination has been made that the recording of
he video information onto the DVD1 is permitted (step 4=YES), the
controller 20 outputs to the recording device 26 a record control
signal WCS for showing the permission of the recording (step 5).
Further, the controller 20 determines whether it is necessary or
not to scramble the video information (more precisely, the digital
video data written in the data area of each sector structuring the
digital video information DP), based on the determinations in steps
1 to 3 (step 7). When the determination has been made that it is
necessary to scramble the video information (step 7=YES), the
controller 20 outputs the switch control signal SCS2 to the switch
23, and changes over the switch 23 so that video information
scrambled by the scramble processor 22 is output to the recording
device 26 (step 8). Thus, the scrambled video information is
recorded onto the DVD1 by the recording device 26.
[0103] On the other hand, when the determination has been made that
it is not necessary to scramble the video information (step 7=NO),
the controller 20 outputs the switch control signal SCS2 to the
switch 23, and changes over the switch 23 so that non-scrambled
video information is output to the recording device 26 (step 9).
Thus, the non-scrambled video information is recorded onto the DVD1
by the recording device 26.
[0104] When the determination has been made in step 4 that the
recording onto the DVD1 of the video information input to the
recording apparatus 10 is prohibited (step 4=NO), the controller 20
outputs to the recording device 26 the record restriction signal
WCS for showing the prohibition of the recording (step 6). Thus,
this video information is not recorded onto the DVD1.
[0105] Referring next to FIG. 8, the statuses of the watermark, the
copy protection code and the CGMS included in the video information
(analog video information AP) input to the recording apparatus 10
and the controls executed to these statuses by the controller 20
will be explained.
[0106] FIG. 8 is a control management table for showing a
relationship between the statuses of the watermark, the copy
protection code and the CGMS and the controls executed to these
statuses by the controller 20. This control management table is
recorded in advance in the memory of the controller 20, and the
controller 20 carries out the record restriction control by using
the control management table.
[0107] As shown in the first row of the control management table,
when the watermark represents Never Copy, the controller 20
recognizes that the video information input to the recording
apparatus 10 is Never Copy. In this case, the controller 20 outputs
to the recording device 26 the record control signal WCS for
prohibiting the recording. As a result, the Never Copy video
information is not recorded onto the DVD1. Thus, it is possible to
prevent the Never Copy video information from being copied.
[0108] Further, as shown in the second row of the control
management table, when the watermark represents One Copy and the
copy protection code represents No More Copy, the controller 20
recognizes that the video information input to the recording
apparatus 10 is No More Copy. In this case, the controller 20
outputs to the recording device 26 the record control signal WCS
for showing the prohibition of the recording. Thus, the No More
Copy video information is not recorded onto the DVD1. Therefore,
according to the recording apparatus 10 of the present embodiment,
it is possible to prevent the No More Copy video information from
being copied.
[0109] The recording of the video information of a moving picture
or the like transmitted from the satellite broadcasting system 200
as shown in FIG. 1, for example, is permitted only once. For this
purpose, the video information of a picture or the like transmitted
from the satellite broadcasting system is embedded with the
watermark for representing One Copy, the copy protection code for
representing One Copy and the CGMS for representing One Copy
respectively. When this video information is recorded onto the DVD
1 by the recording apparatus 10, the recording apparatus 10 changes
the CGMS included in the video information from One Copy to Never
Copy. Further, when the reproducing apparatus 50 reproduces the
video information recorded on this DVD1, the copy protection
information included in this video information is changed from One
Copy to No More Copy. Accordingly, at the stage where the video
information has been reproduced by the reproducing apparatus 50,
the video information includes the watermark for representing One
Copy, the copy protection code for representing No More Copy and
the CGMS for representing Never Copy. Therefore, the controller 20
recognizes that when at least the watermark represents One Copy and
the copy protection code represents No More Copy, this video
information is No More Copy, and thus prohibits the recording of
this video information onto the DVD 1 as described above.
[0110] Further, as shown in the fourth row of the control
management table, when the watermark, the copy protection code and
the CGMS all represent One Copy, the controller 20 recognizes that
the video information input to the recording apparatus 10 is One
Copy. In this case, the controller 20 outputs to the recording
device 26 the record control signal WCS for showing the permission
of the copying, and at the same time, changes over the switch 23 so
that video information scrambled by the scramble processor 22 is
output to the recording device 26. Thus, the One Copy video
information is recorded onto the DVD 1 in a scrambled state.
Accordingly, the audience cannot actually reproduce the video
information recorded on the DVD1 even if he or she attempts to
reproduce the video information by non-compliant reproducing
apparatus other than the reproducing apparatus 50. This is because
none of the non-compliant reproducing apparatus except the
reproducing apparatus 50 can remove the scramble. As a result, it
is possible to prevent the One Copy video information from being
copied further by a non-compliant reproducing apparatus after this
video information has been recorded onto the DVD 1. In this case,
the non-compliant reproducing apparatus refers to other reproducing
apparatus which is not based on a predetermined rule on the copy
protection that prescribes the watermark included in the digital
video information DP or analog video information AP, the copy
protection code and the CMSG together with their respective
dispositions, the decision method, the scramble processing method
and the scramble removing method, and the like. The reproducing
apparatus 50 is a compliant reproducing apparatus.
[0111] Further, as shown in the eighth row of the control
management table, when the watermark and the CGMS represent Copy
Free respectively, the controller 20 recognizes that the video
information input to the recording apparatus 10 is Copy Free. In
this case, the controller 20 outputs to the recording device 26 the
record control signal WCS for showing the permission of the
recording, and at the same time, changes over the switch 23 so that
non-scrambled video information is output to the recording device
26. As a result, the Copy Free video information is recorded onto
the DVD1 in non-scrambled state.
[0112] Further, as shown in the third row, the fifth row, the sixth
row or the seventh row of the control management table
respectively, when there is a contradiction among the watermark,
the copy protection code and the CMGS, the controller 20 recognizes
that there has been input to the recording apparatus 10 video
information that may have been altered illegally. In this case, the
controller 20 outputs to the recording device 26 the record control
signal WCS for showing the prohibition of the recording. As a
result, the video information with the potential of the information
having been altered illegally is not recorded onto the DVD1.
Therefore, according to the recording apparatus 10 of the present
embodiment, it is possible to prevent the video information having
the potential of illegal alteration from being copied.
[0113] IV. Reproducing Apparatus
[0114] Referring to FIG. 9, the reproducing apparatus 50 of the
first embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
[0115] As shown in FIG. 9, the reproducing apparatus 50 is equipped
with a reproducing device 51, a certification code detector 52, an
error correction device 53, a CGMS-D detector 54, a scramble
removing device 55, a controller 56, a switch 57, a digital output
controller 58, a digital output terminal 59, a format converter 60,
a watermark detector 61, an MPEG decoder 62, a copy protection code
rewriting device 63, a digital-analog converter 64, and an analog
output terminal 65.
[0116] Further, the reproducing apparatus 50 has a disk
discriminating device 70. The disk discriminating device 70 is
installed in the reproducing device 51. The disk discriminating
device 70 is a device for detecting the type of DVD inserted in the
receiving device 51. As stated above, there are at least two types
of DVD, namely, a read-only DVD and a recordable DVD. More
specifically, the recordable DVD exists in some types: a recordable
DVD capable of recording information only once, which is referred
to as a "DVD-Write Once"; a recording DVD capable of recording
information many times, which is referred to as a "DVD-Rewritable"
or "DVD-RAM". The disk discriminating device 70 determines whether
the DVD to be reproduced by the reproducing apparatus 50 is a
read-only DVD or a recordable DVD, and outputs the result of this
determination to the controller 56 as a disk discrimination
information MID.
[0117] When the controller 56 has permitted the reading, the
reproducing device 51 reads out the digital video information DP
recorded on a DVD, and outputs this digital video information DP to
the certification code detector 52. On the other hand, when the
controller 56 prohibits the reading, the reproducing device 51 does
not read out the digital video information DP. The operation of the
reproducing device 51 is controlled by a reading control signal RCS
output from the controller 56.
[0118] The certification code detector 52 detects whether or not a
certification code exists in the digital video information DP read
out by the reproducing device 51. When the existence of the
certification code has been detected, the certification code
detector 52 reads out the certification code from within the
digital video information DP, and outputs certification information
CMI corresponding to this certification code to the controller 56.
On the other hand, when the existence of the certification code has
not been detected, the certification code detector 52 outputs to
the controller 56 the information for showing that the
certification code has not been detected. As described above, when
the scramble removal information is included in the certification
code, the certification code detector 52 outputs the scramble
removal information to the scramble removing device 55.
[0119] The digital video information DP output from the
certification code detector 52 is error corrected by the error
correction device 53, and is then input to the CGMS-D detector 54.
The CGMS-D detector 54 detects CGMS-D from the digital video
information DP, and outputs CGMS information CPI3 corresponding to
this CGMS-D to the controller 56.
[0120] The digital video information DP output from the CGMS-D
detector 54 is output to the scramble removing device 55 and the
switch 57 respectively. The scramble removing device 55 detects
whether the digital video data included in the digital video
information DP has been scrambled or not. When the digital video
data has been scrambled, the scramble removing device 55 outputs
detection information DCI for showing that scramble has been
applied, to the controller 56 and the switch 57. At the same time,
the scramble removing device 55 removes this scramble and outputs
to the switch 57 the digital video information DP from which the
scramble has been removed. As explained above, when the scramble
removal information is included in the certification code, the
scramble removing device 55 removes the scramble by using the
scramble removal information output from the certification code
detector 52. On the other hand, when the digital video information
DP is not scrambled, the scramble removing device 55 outputs the
detection information DCI for showing that the scramble has not
been applied, to the controller 56 and the switch 57.
[0121] The switch 57 is a switch for changing over between the
digital video information DP directly output from the CGMS-D
detector 54 and the digital video information DP output from t he
CGMS-D detector 54 through the scramble removing device 55. The
switch control of the switch 57 is carried out based on the
detection information DCI output from the scramble removing device
55 and the like. Thus, when the digital video information DP has
not been scrambled, the digital video information DP output from
the CGMS-D detector 54 is output as it is to the digital output
controller 58 through the switch 57. On the other hand, when the
digital video information DP has been scrambled, the digital video
information DP from which the scramble has been removed by the
scramble removing device 55 is output to the digital output
controller 58 through the switch 57.
[0122] The digital output controller 58 is for carrying out the
digital output control of the reproducing apparatus 50. The output
section of the digital output controller 58 is connected to the
digital output terminal 59, and the digital output terminal 59 may
be connected to an external apparatus (not shown) through a digital
bus (not shown). The digital output controller 58 carries out
bidirectional communications through the external apparatus and the
digital bus, obtains type information DVI for showing the type of
the external apparatus and outputs this type information DVI to the
controller 56. This type information DVI is used for reproduction
restriction control described later and executed by the controller
56. In the reproduction restriction control, the controller 56
outputs to the digital output controller 58 an output control
signal OCS for permitting or prohibiting the digital video
information DP to the external apparatus. When the controller 56
has permitted the output, the digital output controller 58 outputs
from the reproducing apparatus 50 to the external apparatus the
digital video information DP output through the switch 57 in the
digital state as it is. On the other hand, when the controller 56
has prohibited the output, the digital output controller 58 does
not output the digital video information DP to the external
apparatus.
[0123] The digital video information DP output from the switch 57
is output to the format converter 60 as well as to the digital
output controller 58. The format converter 60 converts the data
format of the digital video information DP into a data format for
an analog output. When the information read out from the DVD by the
reproducing apparatus 51 is information for reproducing a moving
picture, for example, sound information and others as well as the
digital video information DP are included in the read-out
information. In this case, the format converter 60 separates the
digital video information DP from the sound information and others.
Then, the sound information is output to sound processing circuit
not shown.
[0124] The digital sound information DP with the converted data
format is input to the watermark detector 61. The watermark
detector 61 detects the watermark included in the digital video
information DP, and outputs the watermark information CPI1
corresponding to this watermark to the controller 56.
[0125] The digital video information DP is decoded by a decoding
system based on MPEG2 in the MPEG decoder 62, and a decoded result
is input to the copy protection code rewriting device 63. When a
change control signal CCS is output to the copy protection code
rewriting device 63 from the controller 56, the copy protection
code rewriting device 63 changes or rewrites the copy protection
code included in the digital video information DP from One Copy to
Never Copy. When the copy protection code included in the digital
video information DP is necessary for the reproduction restriction
control to be executed by the controller 56, the copy protection
code rewriting device 63 detects a copy protection code before the
rewriting, from the MPEG2-combined digital video information DP,
and outputs the copy protection information CPI2 corresponding to
this copy protection code to the controller 56.
[0126] The digital video information DP output from the copy
protection code rewriting device 63 is converted from digital to
analog information by the digital-analog converter 64, and a result
is output to the outside from the analog output terminal 65 as the
analog video information AP. With this arrangement, when a
monitoring apparatus is connected to the analog output terminal 65,
for example, a picture or a video image is displayed in the
monitoring apparatus.
[0127] Further, the controller 56 is equipped with a CPU, memories,
etc., and carries out an overall control of the reproducing
apparatus 50 and a reproduction restriction control as shown in
FIG. 10.
[0128] Referring to FIG. 10, the reproduction restriction control
to be carried out by the controller 56 will be explained below.
[0129] Firstly, the controller 56 outputs to the reproducing device
51 a reading control signal RCS for permitting the reading. Then,
the reproducing device 51 starts the reading of the digital video
information DP from a DVD. The controller 56 then executes the
reproduction restriction control shown in FIG. 10.
[0130] In FIG. 10, the controller 56 determines whether the digital
video information DP read out by the reproducing device 51
represents Never Copy, One Copy or Copy Free, based on the
watermark information CPI1 output from the watermark detector 61
(step 11). Further, the controller 56 determines whether the
digital video information DP read out by the reproducing device 51
represents Never Copy, One Copy or Copy Free, based on the CGMS
information CPI3 output from the CGMS-D detector 54 (step 12).
[0131] Next, the controller 56 determines whether the DVD to be
reproduced by the reproducing apparatus 50 is a read-only DVD or a
recordable DVD, on the basis of the disk discrimination information
MID output from the disk discriminating device 70 (step 13).
[0132] Further, the controller 56 determines whether the digital
video data included in the digital video information DP read out by
the reproducing device 51 has been scrambled or not, based on the
detection signal DCI output from the scramble removing device 55
(step 14). Further, the controller 56 determines whether a
certification code has been added to the digital video information
DP read out by the reproducing device 51, based on the
certification information CMI output from the certification code
detector 52 (step 15).
[0133] Next, the controller 56 determines whether the reading of
the digital video information DP by the reproducing device 51 is
permitted or prohibited, based on a result of the determines in
steps 11 to 15 (step 16).
[0134] When the determination has been made that the reading of the
digital video information DP by the reproducing device 51 is
permitted (step 16 =YES), the controller 56 outputs to the
reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RCS for showing
the permission of the reading (step 17). Thus, the reproducing
device 51 continues the reading of the digital control information
DP. Further, the controller 56 determines whether it is necessary
or not to change from One Copy to No More Copy the copy protection
signal included in the digital video information DP read out by the
reproducing device 51, based on results of the determines in steps
11 to 15 (step 19). When the determine has been made that it is
necessary to change the copy protection code (step 19 =YES), the
controller 56 outputs to the copy protection code rewriting device
63 the change control signal CCS for instructing the change (or
rewriting) of the copy protection code (step 20). As a result, the
copy protection code rewriting device 63 changes from One Copy to
No More Copy the copy protection code included in the digital video
information DP read out from the reproducing device 51. Then, the
digital video information DP with the changed copy protection code
is converted into the analog video information AP by the
digital-analog converter 64, and this analog video information AP
is output to the outside from the analog output terminal 65. As
explained above, when the digital video information DP read out
from the reproducing device 51 has been scrambled, the scramble is
removed by the scramble removing device 55.
[0135] On the other hand, in step 19, when the determination has
been made that it is not necessary to change the copy protection
code (step 19=NO), the controller 56 does not output the change
control signal CCS for instructing the changing of the copy
protection code. Thus, the copy protection code rewriting device 63
does not change the copy protection code included in the digital
video information DP read out from the reproducing device 51. Then,
this digital video information DP is converted into the analog
video information AP by the digital-analog converter 64, and this
analog video information AP is output to the outside as analog
information from the analog output terminal 65.
[0136] Further, the controller 56 determines whether or not the
type of the external apparatus connected to the digital output
terminal 59 through the digital bus coincides with the type of an
authorized apparatus registered in advance in the memory of the
controller 56, based on the type information DVI output from the
digital output controller 58 (step 21).
[0137] In the reproducing apparatus 50, there has been registered
in advance in the memory of the controller 56 type information of
authorized apparatuses that can receive the digital video
information DP output from the reproducing apparatus 50 and that
are not equipped with a function of recording this digital video
information DP onto a recording medium. For example, as an
authorized apparatus, a digital monitoring apparatus is registered
in the memory of the controller 56.
[0138] Then, as a result of the determination in step 21, when the
external apparatus connected to the digital output terminal 59
through the digital bus coincide with any one of the authorized
apparatuses registered in advance in the memory of the controller
56 (step 21=YES), the controller 56 outputs to the digital output
controller 58 the output control signal OCS for showing the
permission of digital output of the digital video information DP
(step 22). Thus, the digital output controller 58 outputs the
digital video information DP from the digital output terminal 59 to
the external apparatus. In this case, the digital video information
DP read out by the reproducing device 51 is not only output as
analog information from the analog output terminal 65, but is also
output as digital information from the digital output terminal
59.
[0139] On the other hand, as a result of the determination in step
21, when the external apparatus connected to the digital output
terminal 59 through the digital bus do not coincide with the any
one of the authorized apparatuses registered in advance in the
memory of the controller 56 (step 21=NO), the controller 56 outputs
to the digital output controller 58 the output control signal OCS
for showing the prohibition of digital output of the digital video
information DP (step 23). Thus, the digital video information DP
read out by the reproducing device 51 is output as analog
information but is not output as digital information.
[0140] Further, in step 16, when the determination has been made
that the reading of the digital video information DP by the
reproducing device 51 is prohibited (step 16=NO), the controller 56
outputs to the reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RCS
for showing the prohibition of the reading (step 18). Thus, the
reading of the digital video information DP by the reproducing
device 51 is stopped. Accordingly, the digital video information DP
is not output as either analog information or digital
information.
[0141] Referring next to FIGS. 11A and 11B, the statuses of the
watermark, the CGMS, etc. included in the digital video information
DP read out by the reproducing device 51, types of DVD and the
controls executed to these statuses by the controller 56 will be
explained.
[0142] A control management table for showing a relationship
between the statuses of the watermark, CGMS, etc., types of DVD and
the controls executed to these statuses by the controller 56 is
shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. The table shown in FIG. 11A is the left
part of the control management table. The table shown in FIG. 11B
is the right part of the control management table. Each part of the
table has 19 rows which are numbered. Between FIGS. 11A and 11B,
the rows with the same number correspond to each other. The control
management table is stored in the memory of the controller 56, and
the controller 56 carries out the reproduction restriction control
by using this control management table.
[0143] As shown in the first row of the control management table in
FIGS. 11A and 11B, when both the watermark and CGMS represent Never
Copy, the controller 56 recognizes that the digital video
information DP read out from a DVD is Never Copy. Further, as shown
in the first row of the control management table, when the DVD to
be reproduced by the reproducing apparatus 50 is a read-only DVD,
the controller 56 recognizes that the DVD to be reproduced is a
read-only DVD on which Never Copy digital video information is
recorded in advance. For example, the controller 56 recognized that
the DVD to be reproduced is a read-only DVD on which a moving
picture is recorded in advance and which is sold in the market.
Further, as shown in the first row of the control management table,
when the external apparatus connected to the digital output
terminal 59 of the reproducing apparatus 50 do not coincide with
any one of the authorized apparatuses, the controller 56 recognizes
that there is a potential that the external apparatus has a
function of recording the digital video information DP in the
digital state. In this case, the controller 56 outputs to the
reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RSC for showing
the permission of the reading, and outputs to the digital output
controller 58 the output control signal OCS for showing the
prohibition of digital output of the digital video information DP.
Thus, the Never Copy digital video information DP is converted into
the analog video information AP and output to the external
apparatus as an analog signal. However, the digital output of the
digital video information DP is not done. Accordingly, the audience
can watch the image or picture corresponding to the output analog
video information AP with an analog monitor connected to the analog
output terminal 65 for example. However, the audience cannot copy
the Never Copy digital video information DP, if he or she try to
copy the digital video information DP with a recording apparatus
connected to the digital output terminal 59. Consequently, the
reproducing apparatus 50 can prevent the copying of the Never Copy
digital video information DP by digital transmission.
[0144] On the other hand, as shown in the second row of the control
management table, when the external apparatus connected to the
digital output terminal 59 coincides with any one of the authorized
apparatuses, the controller 56 recognizes that the external
apparatus is not equipped with a function of recording the digital
video information DP as digital information. In this case, the
controller 56 outputs to the digital output controller 58 the
output control signal OCS for showing the permission of digital
output of the digital video information DP. Thus, the Never Copy
digital video information DP is converted into the analog video
information AP, and is output as analog information, and at the
same time, the information is output as digital information.
Accordingly, in a case where the authorized apparatus connected to
the digital output terminal 59 is a digital display device or
digital monitor, the audience can watch the image or picture
corresponding to the Never Copy digital video information DP with
the digital display device or digital monitor.
[0145] Further, as shown in the third row of the control management
table, when both of the watermark and the CGMS represent Never
Copy, but when the DVD to be reproduced by the reproducing
apparatus 50 is a recordable DVD, the controller 56 recognizes that
the Never copy digital video information DP has been unfairly
copied regardless of that this information i s Never Copy. The
Never Copy digital video information DP is always recorded on a
read-only DVD, because it is prohibited that an ordinary person
records the Never Copy digital video information onto a recordable
DVD. Therefore, the fact that the Never Copy digital video
information has been recorded on a recordable DVD is abnormal. In
such a case, it is expected that the illegal or unfairly copying
was done. In this case, the controller 56 outputs to the
reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RSC for showing
the prohibition of the reading. Therefore, the Never Copy digital
video information DP that has been unfairly copied is not read out
by the reproducing device 51. Accordingly, as for such an unfairly
copied digital video information, the reproducing apparatus 50 does
not carried out any outputting operation. No information is output
from the digital output terminal 59 or the analog output terminal
65.
[0146] Further, as shown in the seventh row of the control
management table, when the watermark represents One Copy and the
CGMS represents Never Copy, the controller 56 recognizes that the
digital video information DP read out from a DVD is No More Copy.
Further, as shown in the seventh row of the control management
table, when the digital video information DP has been scrambled and
a certification code exists within the digital video information
DP, the controller 56 recognizes that the digital video information
DP read out from the DVD is information recorded by the recording
apparatus 10. Further, as shown in the seventh row of the control
management table, when the external apparatus connected to the
digital output terminal 59 of the reproducing apparatus 50 do not
coincide with any one of the authorized apparatuses, the controller
56 recognizes that there is a potential that the external apparatus
has a function of recording the digital video information DP in the
digital state. In this case, the controller 56 outputs to the
reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RSC for showing
the permission of the reading, outputs to the digital output
controller 58 the output control signal OCS for showing the
prohibition of digital output of the digital video information DP,
and outputs the change control signal CCS to the copy protection
code rewriting device 63. Thus, the copy protection code of the No
More Copy digital video information DP is converted from One Copy
to No More Copy, and this information is converted into the analog
video information AP and is output as analog information.
Accordingly, the audience cannot copy the No More Copy analog video
information AP by connecting the recording apparatus 10 to the
analog output terminal 65 of the reproducing device 50. This is
because the recording apparatus 10 detects the copy protection code
changed into No More Copy, and does not carry out the recording. As
explained above, according to the recording/reproducing system 100
of the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the No More
Copy digital video information DP from being copied by analog
transmission.
[0147] On the other hand, as shown in the eighth row of the control
management table, when the external apparatus connected to the
digital output terminal 59 the reproducing apparatus 50 coincide
with any one of the authorized apparatuses, the controller 56
recognizes that the external apparatus is not equipped with a
function of recording the digital video information DP as digital
information. In this case, the controller 56 outputs to the digital
output controller 58 the output control signal OCS for showing the
permission of digital output of the digital video information DP.
Thus, the No More Copy digital video information DP is converted
into the analog video information AP, and is output as analog
information, and at the same time, the information is output as
digital information.
[0148] Further, as shown in the tenth row of the control management
table, when the watermark represents One Copy and the CGMS
represents Never Copy, the controller 56 recognizes that the
digital video information DP read out from a DVD is No More Copy.
However, as shown in the tenth row of the control management table,
when the digital video information DP has not been scrambled, the
controller 56 recognizes that this digital video information DP is
information recorded on the DVD by a non-compliant recording
apparatus other than the recording apparatus 10. The non-compliant
recording apparatus refers to other recording apparatus which is
not based on a predetermined rule on the copy protection that
prescribes the watermark included in the digital video information
DP or analog video information AP, the copy protection code and the
CGMS together with their respective dispositions, the decision
method, the scramble processing method and the scramble removing
method, and the like. In this case, the controller 56 outputs to
the reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RCS for
prohibiting the reading. Thus, the digital video information DP
recorded by the non-compliant recording apparatus is neither
reproduced nor output. Accordingly, a person who has copied the
digital video information DP by the non-compliant recording
apparatus cannot reproduce this copied digital video information DP
by the reproducing apparatus 50, and can obtain no benefit from the
copying. This person feels inconvenience. As a result, it is
possible to reduce unlimited copying of the digital video
information DP or analog video information AP carried out by the
non-compliant recording apparatus or non-compliant reproducing
apparatus.
[0149] Further, as shown in the seventeenth row of the control
management table, both of the watermark and the CGMS represent Copy
Free and the DVD to be reproduced is a read-only DVD, the
controller 56 recognizes that the digital video information read
out from the DVD is Copy Free. In this case, the controller 56
outputs to the reproducing device 51 the reading control signal RSC
for showing the permission of the reading, and outputs to the
digital output controller 58 the output control signal OCS for
showing the permission of digital output of the digital video
information DP. Thus, the Copy Free digital video information DP is
converted into the analog video information AP and is output as
analog information. Also, it is output as digital information.
[0150] Further, as shown in the nineteenth row of the control
management table, when both the watermark and CGMS represent Copy
Free and the DVD to be reproduced is a recordable DVD, the
controller 56 recognizes that the digital video information DP read
out from the DVD is Copy Free. Further, the controller 56, as shown
in the nineteenth row of the control management table, confirms
that the digital video information DP is not scrambled. Thus, the
controller 56 recognizes that the digital video information DP is
normal. In this case, the controller 56 carries out control similar
to that shown in the seventeenth row of the control management
table. Accordingly, the digital video information DP is output not
only as analog information but also as digital information.
[0151] Further, when there is conflict between the statuses of the
watermark and the CGMS, as shown in the fourth, fifth, eleventh,
twelfth or sixteenth row; when there is no certification code,
nevertheless but the digital video information DP has been
scrambled, as shown in the ninth row; or when both the watermark
and the CGMS represent Copy Free, nevertheless but the digital
video information has been scrambled, as shown in the eighteenth
row; the controller 56 recognizes that the digital video
information DP with a potential of the information having being
altered illegally or unfairly has been recorded on the DVD. In this
case, the controller 56 outputs to the reproducing device 51 the
reading control signal RCS for prohibiting the reading. Thus, it is
possible to prevent the digital video information DP having the
potential of illegal alteration from being reproduced and output to
the outside from the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0152] In the thirteenth to fifteenth rows of the control
management table, the watermark represents Copy Free and the CGMS
represents Never Copy. In this case, the controller 56 carries out
controls similar to those in the first to third rows of the control
management table.
[0153] V. Disk Discriminating Device
[0154] Referring next to FIG. 12 and 13, the disk discriminating
device installed in the reproducing device 51 will be
explained.
[0155] The disk discriminating device 70 of the first embodiment of
the present invention detects a form of a track formed on the
information recording surface of the DVD, and determines whether or
not the track has wobble. On the basis of this determination, the
disk discrimination device 70 determines whether the DVD is a
read-only DVD or a recordable DVD.
[0156] More specifically, in the read-only DVD, the track is
pre-formed on the information recording surface thereof, and
extends in the form of a spiral. Phase pits corresponding to the
digital video information DP (RF signal) and other necessary
information are formed on this track. In the read-only DVD, the
track does not have the wobble.
[0157] On the other hand, in the recordable DVD 1, as shown in FIG.
12, a groove track 81 and a land track 82 are pre-formed on the
information recording surface 1A thereof, and extend in the form of
a spiral, respectively. The phase pits corresponding to the digital
video information DP and other necessary information are formed on
the groove track 81 (not shown). The land track 82 functions as
means for guiding the light beam. In the recordable DVD, the groove
track 81 has the wobble. Namely, the groove track 81, as shown in
FIG. 12, is wobbling. This is the wobble. The frequency of the
wobble corresponds to the rate of the rotation of the DVD 1. The
wobble is used as rotation control information when the recording
apparatus controls the rate of the rotation of the DVD 1. In
addition, for the sake of ease of understanding, in FIG. 12, a
protection layer formed on the information recording surface 1A is
omitted.
[0158] Thus, the track of the recordable DVD has the wobble, while
the track of the read-only DVD does not have the wobble. Therefore,
by detecting presence or absence of the wobble, it is possible to
discriminate between the recordable DVD and the read-only DVD.
[0159] FIG. 13 shows the disk discriminating device 70 having a
quarter-divided type photo detector 71. The photo detector 71 has
four detecting portion 71A, 71B, 71C and 71D. When the detecting
portions are irradiated with a light beam RL reflected by the
surface of the DVD 1, the detecting portions 71A, 71B, 71C and 71D
output detection signals Ia, Ib, Ic and Id, respectively. Each
detection signal Ia, Ib, Ic, Id represents the amount of the
corresponding part of the light beam RL.
[0160] The detection signals Ia, Ib, Ic and Id are fed into a
converting portion 72. The converting portion 72 includes four
converters 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D. Each converter 72A, 72B, 72C, 72D
carries out a current-voltage conversion on the input detection
signal, and supplies an output to a adding portion 73. The adding
portion 73 includes two adders 73A and 73B. The adder 73A adds two
signals supplied from the converters 72A and 72B. The adder 73B
adds two signals supplied from the converters 72C and 72D. A
subtracter 74 subtracts an output of the adder 73B from an output
of the adder 73A, and outputs a push-pull signal PPS. Thus, the
push-pull signal PPS is given as the following equation.
PPS=(Ia+Ib)-(Ic+Id)
[0161] This push-pull signal includes a tracking error signal which
is used for a tracking servo control and a wobble signal. Since the
tracking error signal and the wobble signal are different in
frequency from each other, the wobble signal can be extracted from
the push-pull signal PPS with a band pass filter (BPF) 75.
[0162] If the wobble signal is extracted, the disk discriminating
device determines that the DVD to be reproduced by the reproducing
apparatus 50 is a recordable DVD, and outputs the result of this
determination to the controller 56 as the disk discrimination
information MID.
[0163] Thus, the disk discriminating device 70 can discriminate
between a read-only DVD and a recordable DVD on the basis of
presence or absence of the wobble. Therefore, the disk
discrimination can be easily carried out.
[0164] VI. Copy Restriction by the Recording/Reproducing System
[0165] According to the recording/reproducing system 100 of the
present embodiment, it is possible to properly restrict the copying
of the digital video information DP carried out by using the
recording apparatus 10 and the reproducing apparatus 50.
[0166] As shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to restrict properly the
copying of the digital video information DP carried out, for
example, in the following routes: (1) Take the digital video
information DP transmitted from the satellite broadcasting system
200 into the recording apparatus 10 through the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301; (2) Record this digital video
information DP or the analog video information AP converted by the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301, onto the DVD1 by the recording
apparatus 10; (3) Reproduce by the reproducing apparatus 50 the
digital video information DP recorded on the DVD1; and (4) Further
record the digital video information DP or analog video information
AP output from the reproducing apparatus 50, onto other DVD by
another recording apparatus 10' connected to the reproducing
apparatus 50.
[0167] Particularly, when the No More Copy digital video
information DP is converted into the analog video information AP
and this analog information is output from the reproducing
apparatus 50 to the recording apparatus 10' connected to the output
terminal 65 of the reproducing apparatus 50, the copy protection
code included in the No More Copy digital video information DP is
changed from One Copy to No More Copy by the reproducing apparatus
50. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the No More Copy digital
video information DP from being copied by the recording apparatus
10'.
[0168] Further, according to the recording apparatus 10 of the
present embodiment, One Copy digital video information DP is
recorded onto the DVD1 after the information has been scrambled.
Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the digital video
information DP, which has been changed from One Copy to No More
Copy by the recording onto the DVD1, from being reproduced by the
non-compliant reproducing apparatus not equipped with the copy
protection function. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the No
More Copy digital video information DP from being copied by this
non-compliant reproducing apparatus.
[0169] When, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, an attempt has been
made by a person to (1) take the digital video information DP
transmitted from the satellite broadcasting system 200 into the
recording apparatus 10 through the satellite broadcasting receiver
301, (2) record this digital video information DP or the analog
video information AP converted by the satellite broadcasting
receiver 301, onto the DVD1 by the recording apparatus 10, and (3)
reproduce by a non-compliant reproducing apparatus 303 the digital
video information DP recorded on the DVD1, the non-compliant
reproducing apparatus 303 cannot remove the scramble applied to the
digital video information DP. Therefore, it is not possible to
reproduce this digital video information DP.
[0170] Further, the reproducing apparatus 50 of the embodiment of
the present invention has the disk discriminating device 70 for
discriminating the type of DVD, a read-only DVD or a recordable
DVD. Therefore, by using the watermark, the CGMS, and the
discrimination of the type of DVD, the reproducing apparatus 50 can
recognize the fact that the Never Copy digital video information DP
has been recorded on a recordable DVD regardless of that this
information is Never Copy.
[0171] At least two cases are assumed as a case where the Never
Copy digital video information DP can be recorded on a recordable
DVD. One is a case where the RF signal recorded on one DVD is
directly copied to another DVD. The other is a case where the
digital video information recorded on one DVD is copied to another
DVD by using a non-compliant or unauthorized recording apparatus.
If each case has happened, the reproducing apparatus 50 can prevent
the reproduction and the output of such an illegally or unfairly
copied digital video information.
[0172] Further, according to the reproducing apparatus 50 of the
present embodiment, the reproducing apparatus 50 is so structured
that, when an attempt is made to reproduce No More Copy digital
video information DP, the reproducing apparatus 50 recognizes that
this digital video information DP is not the information recorded
by the recording apparatus 10 when this digital video information
DP has not been scrambled or when a certification code is not added
to this digital video information DP. Thus, the reproducing
apparatus 50 does not reproduce this digital video information DP.
Therefore, there are the following effects. As a person who has
copied the digital video information DP onto a DVD by the
non-compliant recording apparatus cannot reproduce the copied
digital video information DP b y the reproducing apparatus 50, he
or she cannot obtain any benefit from the copying of this digital
video information DP, and feels inconvenience. As a result, it is
possible to reduce unlimited copying of the digital video
information DP or analog video information AP carried out by the
non-compliant recording apparatus or non-compliant reproducing
apparatus.
[0173] When, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, an attempt has been
made by a person to (1) take the digital video information DP
transmitted from the satellite broadcasting system 200 into a
non-compliant recording apparatus 302 through the satellite
broadcasting receiver 301, (2) record this digital video
information DP or the analog video information AP converted by the
satellite broadcasting receiver 301, onto a DVD3 by the
non-compliant recording apparatus 302, and (3) reproduce by the
reproducing apparatus 50 the digital video information DP recorded
on the DVD3, the reproducing apparatus 50 does not reproduce this
digital video information DP. As a result, the audience cannot
watch by the reproducing apparatus 50 a moving picture transmitted
from the satellite broadcasting system 200 even though the audience
has recorded this moving picture onto the DVD3 by using the
non-compliant recording apparatus 302.
[0174] Further, according to the recording apparatus 10 and the
reproducing apparatus 50 of the present embodiment, as the
recording or reproduction of the digital video information DP is
prohibited when there is a contradiction among the watermark, the
copy protection code, the CGMS, etc. included in the digital video
information DP, it is possible to prevent the digital video
information DP having the potential of illegal alteration from
being recorded, reproduced or copied.
[0175] B. Second Embodiment
[0176] Referring to FIGS. 15 through 17, a second embodiment of the
present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the disk
discrimination is carried out on the basis of a loop track which is
formed on the information recording surface of the recordable
DVD.
[0177] As shown in FIG. 15, in the information recording surface 1A
of a recordable DVD 1, a recording control area 91, a lead-in area
92, a recording area 93 and a lead-out area 94 are formed from the
inner side to the outer side of the DVD 1 in this order.
[0178] Information for setting an intensity of the light beam and
other necessary control information are recorded in the recording
control area 91. Physical format information, disk production
information, etc. are recorded in the lead-in area 92. The digital
video information DP and other digital information are recorded as
the RF signal in the recording area 93. Information necessary for
operations at the time of the end of recording or reproduction is
recorded in the lead-out area 94.
[0179] The groove track 81 and the land track 82 shown in FIG. 12
are formed in each of the areas 91, 92, 93 and 94 (not shown in
FIG. 15). The groove track 81 and the land track 82 extend from the
inner side to the outer side in the form of a spiral on the
information recording surface 1A of the DVD 1.
[0180] Further, within the lead-in area 92, a plurality of loop
tracks are formed at intervals of 5 laps of the groove track 81 for
example. As shown in FIG. 16, the loop track is formed by
connecting two portions of the groove track 81 to each other. More
specifically, a connecting portion 95A whose height is the same as
that of the groove track 81 is formed on the land track 82, and two
portions of the groove track 81 adjacently located in the direction
of the radius of the DVD 1 are connected to each other with the
connecting portion 95A, as shown in FIG. 16. As a result, a loop is
formed in the groove track 81. This is the loop track 95. In
addition, for the sake of ease of understanding, the wobble is
omitted in FIG. 16.
[0181] The loop track 95 is formed for the purpose of preventing
the digital video information DP from unlimitedly copying with a
non-compliance recording apparatus, which is not equipped with a
mechanism for restricting of the copying of the digital video
information DP.
[0182] In recording the digital video information DP onto a
recordable DVD 1, a recording apparatus rotates the DVD 1, and
emits a light beam to the rotating DVD 1. Further, the recording
apparatus carries out a servo control in such a way that the light
spot traces the groove track 81. In addition, the light spot means
an emitting point of the focused light beam on the surface of the
DVD 1.
[0183] If there is no loop track 95 in the groove track 81, the
light spot is moved from the inner side to the outer side of the
DVD 1 along the groove track 81, because the groove track 81 is in
the form of a spiral. However, if there is the loop track 95 in the
groove track 81, the movement of the light spot is stopped by the
loop track 95. If the light spot reaches the loop track 95, the
light spot traces the loop track 95 repeatedly. Since the loop
track 95 is in the form of a loop, the light spot cannot go out of
the loop track 95. Therefore, the digital video information DP
cannot be normally recorded onto the groove track 81. Thus, it is
possible to prevent the digital video information DP from
unlimitedly copying by a non-compliant recording apparatus.
[0184] On the other hand, the compliant recording apparatus, i.e.,
the recording apparatus 10 of the system 100 knows positions at
which the loop tracks 95 are formed. For example, the recording
apparatus 10 has information to indicate the positions at which the
loop tracks 95 are formed. Therefore, in recording the digital
video information DP onto the recordable DVD 1, the recording
apparatus 10 can control the movement of the light spot so as to
make the light spot jump over the loop track 95. Accordingly, the
recording apparatus 10 can normally record the digital video
information onto the recordable DVD 1 having the loop tracks
95.
[0185] Meanwhile, the loop tracks 95 are formed only in a
recordable DVD. Therefore, by detecting presence or absence of the
loop track 95, it can be determined whether the DVD is a recordable
DVD or a read-only DVD.
[0186] In FIG. 17, the reproducing apparatus 50' of the second
embodiment of the present invention detects presence or absence of
the loop track 95 on the DVD 1, and determines on the basis of the
result of this detection whether or not the DVD 1 is a recording
DVD or a read-only DVD. More specifically, when starting
reproduction of the DVD 1, the reproducing device 51 obtains
information recorded within an area corresponding to five laps of
the groove track 81 from a predetermined address in the lead-in
area 92, and outputs the obtained information to the controller 56
as a disk discrimination information DSI. The controller 56
determines at the disk discriminating portion 56A whether or not
there is any error in the information obtained from the reproducing
device 51. If there is no error, the controller 56 determines that
the DVD to be reproduced by the reproducing apparatus 50' is a
read-only DVD. If there is any error, the controller 56 determines
that the DVD is a recordable DVD. In addition, when determination
of the type of DVD, the recording apparatus 10 does not carried out
the control of the movement of the light spot so as to make the
light spot jump over the loop track 95.
[0187] Thus, according to the second embodiment of the present
invention, the disk discrimination can be easily carried out by
detecting presence or absence of the loop track 95.
[0188] C. Third Embodiment
[0189] Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19, a third embodiment of the p
resent invention will be described. In this embodiment, the disk
discrimination is carried out on the basis of the disk information
recorded on the lead-in area of the DVD.
[0190] As stated above, the lead-in area is formed on the
information recording surface of the DVD. Further, a control data
block 120 is recorded in the lead-in area. The control data block
120 is shown in FIG. 18. As shown in FIG. 18, the control data
block 120 includes physical format information 121, disk production
information 121 and other management information. Further, the disk
production information 121 includes the disk information 123A and
version information 123B. These information 123A and 123B are
recorded at the lead portion 123 of the physical format information
121. The version information 123B represents the version of a DVD
standard.
[0191] The disk information 123A is called a book type, and
represents a standard with which this DVD is complied. For example,
the disk information is in the form of 4 bit data. 0000b indicates
a read-only disk standard. 00018b indicates a rewritable disk
standard. 0010b indicates a recordable disk standard. Since the
types of DVD are different from each other depending on such disk
standards, the type of DVD can be determined on the basis of the
disk standards.
[0192] The reproducing apparatus of the third embodiment of the
present invention determines on the basis of the disk information
whether the DVD to be reproduced is a recordable DVD or a read-only
DVD. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, when starting
reproduction of the DVD 1, the reproducing device 51 reads out the
dick information 123 recorded in the physical format information
121 of the control data block 120 within the lead-in area 92, and
outputs the read disk information to the controller 56 as the disk
discrimination information DSI. On the basis of this, the
controller 56 determines at the disk discrimination portion 56A'
whether or not the DVD is a recordable DVD or a read-only DVD.
[0193] Thus, according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, the disk discrimination can be easily carried out on the
basis of the disk information 123A recorded on the DVD.
[0194] The invention may be embodied in other specific forms
without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics
thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in
all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the
invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the
foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning
and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced therein.
[0195] The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No.
10-204329 filed on Jul. 3, 1998 including the specification,
claims, drawings and summary is incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety.
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