U.S. patent application number 10/468745 was filed with the patent office on 2004-05-20 for combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels.
Invention is credited to Baker, Mark R., Barr, Douglas M., Daly, Daniel T..
Application Number | 20040093790 10/468745 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32298376 |
Filed Date | 2004-05-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040093790 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Baker, Mark R. ; et
al. |
May 20, 2004 |
Combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels
Abstract
Fuel compositions comprising a major amount of a normally liquid
fuel and a minor amount of a hydroxylamine or a salt thereof, more
often wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or salt
thereof contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent. The
hydroxylamine or salt thereof provide improved combustion
properties to a wide variety of normally liquid fuels, including
hydrocarbon based fuels, oxygenates and synthetic fuels.
Inventors: |
Baker, Mark R.; (Lyndhurst,
OH) ; Barr, Douglas M.; (Belper Derbyshire, GB)
; Daly, Daniel T.; (Solon, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Jeffrey F Munson
Lubrizol Corporation
29400 Lakeland Boulevard
Wickliffe
OH
44092-2298
US
|
Family ID: |
32298376 |
Appl. No.: |
10/468745 |
Filed: |
August 22, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
February 28, 2002 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US02/05990 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
44/369 ; 44/371;
44/408; 44/409; 44/412 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10L 1/1266 20130101;
C10L 1/1852 20130101; C10L 1/1824 20130101; C10L 1/224 20130101;
C10L 1/1233 20130101; C10L 10/02 20130101; C10L 1/2225 20130101;
C10L 1/1275 20130101; C10L 1/103 20130101; C10L 1/188 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
044/369 ;
044/371; 044/408; 044/409; 044/412 |
International
Class: |
C10L 001/24; C10L
001/22; C10L 001/18 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally
liquid hydrocarbon based fuel and a minor amount of a hydroxylamine
salt.
2. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein each hydroxylamino group
of the hydroxylamine salt contains no more than one tertiary alkyl
substituent.
3. The fuel composition of claim 1 comprising a hydroxylamine salt
wherein the hydroxylamine has the general formula 4wherein each of
R.sub.a and R.sub.b is, independently, a member selected from the
group consisting of H, a primary hydrocarbyl group and a secondary
hydrocarbyl group, and n ranges from 1 to about 30.
4. The fuel composition of claim 3 wherein n ranges from 1 to about
4.
5. The fuel composition of claim 4 wherein n=1 and each of R.sub.a
and R.sub.b is, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, containing
from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
6. The fuel composition of claim 5 wherein each of R.sub.a and
R.sub.b is, independently, a lower alkyl group.
7. The fuel composition of claim 4 wherein each hydrocarbyl group
is, independently, a primary alkyl group.
8. The fuel composition of claim 7 wherein each primary alkyl
group, independently contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
9. The fuel composition of claim 1 comprising a hydroxylamine salt
wherein the hydroxylamine has the general formula 5wherein each
R.sub.c is, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, each R.sub.d
is, independently, a lower alkylene group and x ranges from 1 to
about 29.
10. The fuel composition of claim 9 wherein each R.sub.c is,
independently, H or a lower alkyl group and each R.sub.d is
independently an ethylene or propylene group.
11. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the salt is at least
one member of the group consisting of nitrates, sulfates,
sulfonates, carbonates and carboxylates.
12. The fuel composition of claim 11 wherein the salt is selected
from the group consisting of nitrates and carbonates.
13. The fuel composition of claim 12 wherein the salt is a
nitrate.
14. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises
gasoline meeting ASTM Specification D-4814.
15. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises
diesel fuel meeting ASTM Specification D-975.
16. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises
heating oil meeting ASTM Specification D-396.
17. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises
oxygenates.
18. The fuel composition of claim 17 wherein the oxygenates
comprise at least one member of the group consisting of lower
alkanols and ethers.
19. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises a
mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and a lower alkanol.
20. The fuel composition of claim 19 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel
is gasoline.
21. The fuel composition of claim 19 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel
is diesel fuel.
22. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel comprises a
biomass fuel.
23. The fuel composition of claim 22 wherein the biomass fuel
comprises vegetable oil.
24. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel is a synthetic
fuel.
25. The fuel composition of claim 24 wherein the synthetic fuel is
obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch process
26. The fuel composition of claim 25 wherein the synthetic fuel is
a hydrocarbon fuel.
27. A method for improving the combustion characteristics of a
normally liquid hydrocarbon based fuel comprising incorporating
therein a combustion improving amount of a hydroxylamine salt.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein each hydroxylamino group of the
hydroxylamine salt contains no more than one tertiary alkyl
substituent.
29. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the hydroxylamine or
salt thereof is present in amounts ranging from about 50 to about
50,000 parts by weight per million parts by weight of fuel.
30. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline
meeting ASTM Specification D-4814 and a minor amount of a
hydroxylamine or a salt thereof wherein each hydroxylamino group of
the hydroxylamine or salt thereof contains no more than one
tertiary alkyl substituent.
31. The fuel composition of claim 30 comprising a hydroxylamine
wherein the hydroxylamine has the general formula 6wherein each of
R.sub.a and R.sub.b is, independently, a member selected from the
group consisting of H, a primary hydrocarbyl group and a secondary
hydrocarbyl group, and n ranges from 1 to about 30.
32. The fuel composition of claim 31 wherein n ranges from 1 to
about 4.
33. The fuel composition of claim 32 wherein n=1 and each of
R.sub.a and R.sub.b is, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group,
containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
34. The fuel composition of claim 33 wherein each of R.sub.a and
R.sub.b is, independently, a lower alkyl group.
35. The fuel composition of claim 32 wherein each hydrocarbyl group
is, independently, a primary alkyl group.
36. The fuel composition of claim 356 wherein each primary alkyl
group, independently contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
37. The fuel composition of claim 30 comprising a hydroxylamine
wherein the hydroxylamine has the general formula 7wherein each
R.sub.c is, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, each R.sub.d
is, independently, a lower alkylene group and x ranges from 1 to
about 29.
38. The fuel composition of claim 37 wherein each R.sub.c is,
independently, H or a lower alkyl group and each R.sub.d is
independently an ethylene or propylene group.
39. The fuel composition of claim 30 wherein the fuel comprises a
mixture of gasoline and a lower alkanol.
40. The fuel composition of claim 30 wherein the gasoline is a
synthetic fuel.
41. The fuel composition of claim 40 wherein the gasoline is
obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch process
42. A method for improving the combustion characteristics of a
gasoline fuel comprising incorporating therein a combustion
improving amount of a hydroxylamine or a salt thereof wherein each
hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or salt thereof contains
no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent.
43. The fuel composition of claim 30 wherein the hydroxylamine or
salt thereof is present in amounts ranging from about 50 to about
50,000 parts by weight per million parts by weight of fuel.
44. The fuel composition of any one of claims 1-26, 29-41 and 43,
further comprising at least one component selected from the group
consisting of a) dispersants, b) combustion modifiers, c) lubricity
agents, d) cold flow improvers, e) fluidizers and (f)
surfactants.
45. The method of any one of claims 27, 28 and 42 wherein the
improved combustion characteristics comprise at least one of
reduced particulate emissions, reduced NO.sub.x emissions, improved
fuel efficiency and reduced hydrocarbon emissions.
46. A method for operating an internal combustion engine or a
burner comprising providing to the combustion chamber of said
engine or burner during operation thereof, the fuel composition of
any one of claims 1 and 30.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional
Application Serial No. 60/272,209, filed Feb. 28, 2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to combustion improving additives for
normally liquid fuels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The industry has continued to search for ways to improve
combustion of normally liquid fuels. These include fuels used in
heating systems, internal combustion engines and the like.
Government agencies have imposed regulations requiring continuing
reduction of emissions resulting from the combustion of fuels.
Improved fuel economy is also required, not only by government
regulations but also by consumers facing increased costs for fuels.
Improved combustion of fuels generally results in a reduction in
harmful emissions and more efficient utilization of fuels resulting
in greater fuel economy.
[0004] Overall performance of a vehicle is known as `driveability`.
Specifically, `driveability` of a vehicle has been defined as the
degree to which a vehicle starts readily, idles evenly, drives
smoothly when cruising and accelerating, and generally responds to
the throttle. Ambient temperatures during which a vehicle is
operated have an effect on driveability. Driveability is also
affected by fuel-air mixture ratio and by emission controls. Some
lower grade fuels can adversely affect driveability. A discussion
of driveability appears in K. Owen and T. Coley, "Automotive Fuels
Reference Book", Second Edition, Society of Automotive Engineers
(Pub.), 1995, pp 173-181.
[0005] Combustion improvers of this invention improve combustion
characteristics of fuels. The improved combustion characteristics
include reduced particulate emissions, reduced CO emissions,
reduced NO.sub.x emissions, reduced hydrocarbon emissions, greater
power output, reduced misfiring and improved fuel efficiency.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 2,314,137 describes organic hydroxylamines as
a class of compounds which, when added in minor proportions to
Diesel fuel, are effective to decrease the ignition delay period
and thereby improve the ignition quality of the fuel and the
consequent operation of the engine in which it is used.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,670,131 relates to fouling of equipment used
for processing of organic feed streams containing olefinic
compounds controlled by inhibiting polymerization of the olefinic
compounds by carrying out the processing in the presence of from
about 20 ppb to less than 1,000 ppb of a stable free radical, such
as nitroxide.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,634 describes an additive package
comprising an oil-soluble, stable free radical, such as a
nitroxide, or a precursor therefor, used in a fuel oil to reduce,
on combustion of the fuel oil, one or more of particulate
emissions, hydrocarbon emissions, carbon monoxide emissions, and
oxides of nitrogen emissions.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,127 relates to hydrocarbonaceous
distillate fuel compositions and additive concentrates are
described as providing improved performance in evaporative burners.
The additive components comprise a mixture formed that at least (a)
a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound; (b) a succinic
derivative ashless dispersant; (c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
having at least 24 carbon atoms in the molecule, the two carboxyl
groups being separated from each other by at least 6 carbon atoms;
and (d) a metal deactivator of the chelation type. Preferably, the
compositions also contain (e) alkoxylated alkylphenol; (f) a
demulsifying agent; (g) a tertiary monoamine in which each
substituent on the nitrogen atom is a hydrocarbyl group; and (h)
liquid inert solvent having a final boiling point no higher than
approximately 600.degree. C. The compositions are devoid of any
metal-containing additive component other than the cyclopentadienyl
manganese tricarbonyl compound.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,706 describes tolyltriazole derived
esters of tri, tetra, and poly carboxylic acids or an acid
generating compound which are effective lubricity additives for
lube oils, greases, or distillate fuels.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,556 relates to triazole-dialkyl maleate
derivatives which are described as effective metal passivators and
antiwear additives for lubricants and fuels.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,237 describes a fuel additive
concentrate package comprising a detergent/dispersant, an organic
nitrate combustion improver, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising
dimer and/or trimer acid to provide enhanced shelf life stability
by treating the concentrate with a shelf life stability amount, for
example 1,500 and 10,000 ppm, respectively of acid selected from
the group consisting of nitric acid/hydrochloric acid.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 5,669,938 describes a fuel composition which
comprises a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a major proportion of
a hydrocarbonaceous middle distillate fuel and about 1 to about 40
volume percent water, and an emission reducing amount of at least
one fuel-soluble organic nitrate ignition improver such as
2-ethylhexyl nitrate providing reduction of exhaust emissions from
diesel engines.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,937 relates to fuel compositions
containing hydrocarbon fuels in the gasoline boiling range and
organic nitrogen-containing compounds selected from organic
nitrates and/or organic nitro compounds. The fuel compositions
exhibit improved ignition properties, including reduced emissions
and reduced misfires.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,858 relates to hydrocarbonaceous fuels
and additive compositions therefor which comprise: a) one or more
fuel-soluble manganese carbonyl compounds; and b) one or more fuel
soluble alkali or alkaline earth metal containing neutral or basic
detergent salts and preferably, also contain c) one or more of
fuel-soluble ashless dispersants; d) at least one fuel soluble
demulsifying agent; e) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic
amine; and f) at least one metal deactivator. The fuel compositions
are said to possess improved combustion characteristics.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,392 describes a burner operated by
continuously feeding into its combustion zone while combustion is
occurring therein, (a) a middle distillate burner fuel with which
has been blended a minor combustion improving amount of manganese
polycarbonyl compound and a total amount of air above 100% of the
stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuel
being introduced into said zone but which is below 105% of such
stoichiometric amount. Preferably, alkali or alkaline earth metal
containing detergent and fuel soluble dispersant have been blended
into the fuel.
[0017] European Patent EP 0420581A1 describes an additive for
hydrocarbon fuels which includes ethanolamine nitrate as an
additive to reduce the quantity of smoke and improve the efficiency
of combustion. Fuels are improved by the addition of the additive,
which can be prepared by the reaction of ammonium nitrate and
anhydrous ethanol in the presence of one or more nitro compounds of
formula 1
[0018] where R is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl radical, at
a temperature of not more than 40-45.degree. C., the nitro
derivative being applied in a concentration of 1 to 3% by weight,
the molar ratio between the nitro compound(s) and the ammonium
nitrate being at least 0.05:1.
[0019] Several means are available for reducing emissions,
extending hydrocarbon based, especially hydrocarbon, fuels or both.
These include, for example, addition of oxygenates to the fuel or
incorporating therein significant amounts of water, usually as an
emulsion. Since oxygenates typically have reduced fuel value
compared to purely hydrocarbon fuels, and, of course, water has no
fuel value, the use thereof will often result in a noticeable loss
of `driveability`, i.e., performance. It is desirable to find
additive systems that provide combustion improvement to a wide
variety of normally liquid fuels, and particularly to fuels
containing oxygenates or water. The instant invention addresses
this need. The combustion improvers of this invention are also
useful to improve performance of poor driveability fuels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The instant invention is directed to fuel compositions
comprising a major amount of a normally liquid hydrocarbon based
fuel and a minor amount of a hydroxylamine or a salt thereof. More
often, each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or salt
thereof contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent. The
hydroxylamine or salt thereof provides improved combustion
properties to a wide variety of normally liquid hydrocarbon based
fuels, including fuels such as hydrocarbon fuels, biomass fuels and
oxygenates. The invention also is directed to a method for
improving the combustion characteristics of a normally liquid
hydrocarbon based fuel comprising incorporating therein a
combustion improving amount of a hydroxylamine or a salt
thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0021] As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon
based" mean that the group being described has predominantly
hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. These
include groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they
contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include groups
containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the
predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Such substituents
may include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, hydroxyl, etc. These groups
also may contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be
apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example,
sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, while remaining
predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this
invention, these groups may contain atoms other than carbon present
in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
[0022] In general, no more than about three non-hydrocarbon
substituents or hetero atoms, and preferably no more than one, will
be present for every 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon or
hydrocarbon based groups. Most preferably, the groups are purely
hydrocarbon in nature, that is they are essentially free of atoms
other than carbon and hydrogen.
[0023] It must be noted that as used in this specification and in
the appended claims, the singular forms also include the plural
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus the singular
forms "a", "an", and "the" include the plural; for example "an
amine" includes mixtures of amines of the same type. As another
example the singular form "amine" is intended to include both
singular and plural unless the context clearly indicates
otherwise.
[0024] Hydroxylamines and Salts Thereof
[0025] The fuel compositions of this invention comprise at least
one hydroxylamine or a salt thereof. More often, each hydroxylamino
group of the hydroxylamine or salt thereof contains no more than
one tertiary alkyl substituent.
[0026] In one embodiment, the hydroxylamine has the general formula
2
[0027] wherein each of R.sub.a and R.sub.b is, independently, a
member selected from the group consisting of H, a primary
hydrocarbyl group and a secondary hydrocarbyl group, particularly,
H or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon
atoms, and especially a lower alkyl group, and n ranges from 1 to
about 30, preferably, from 1 to about 4, and most preferably, 1. Of
course, it is obvious that when R.sub.a is H, then n equals 1.
[0028] Particularly preferred is where each hydrocarbyl group is,
independently, a primary alkyl group, especially one containing
from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
[0029] In another embodiment, the hydroxylamine has the general
formula 3
[0030] wherein each R.sub.c is, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl
group, particularly, H or a lower alkyl group, each R.sub.d is,
independently, a lower alkylene group, preferably an ethylene or
propylene group, most preferably, an ethylene group, and x ranges
from 1 to about 29, preferably, from 1 to about 5.
[0031] Examples of hydroxylamines, which hydroxylamine have been
found to be useful as combustion improvers and methods for
preparing them are described in numerous Unites States patents
including, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,491,151; U.S. Pat. No.
4,017,512; U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,462; U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,935 and
U.S. Pat. No. 6,031,130. It should be noted that these patents also
describe embodiments which are not contemplated as being part of
the instant invention and it is not intended that such embodiments
are to be considered as being part of the instant invention. These
patents are hereby incorporated herein by reference for
descriptions of the hydroxylamines that are described herein as
useful in this invention.
[0032] In another preferred embodiment, the fuel composition
comprises a hydroxylamine salt. Hydroxylamines from which the
hydroxylamine salts are derived are the same as the hydroxylamines
described hereinabove. Typically, the salt is at least one member
of the group consisting of nitrates, sulfates, sulfonates,
carbonates and carboxylates. Nitrates and carbonates are preferred
with nitrates being particularly preferred. The salts are generally
obtained by contacting a hydroxylamine with an appropriate acid,
optionally, in the presence of a diluent. Many of these salts are
commercially available, for example, from chemical supply houses
such as Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wis., USA.
[0033] The Fuels
[0034] The fuels of this invention include all normally liquid
hydrocarbon based fuels known in the art. By `normally liquid` is
meant a fuel which is liquid or liquefiable at normal operating
temperatures. By `hydrocarbon based` means the fuel contains
hydrocarbon moieties. These fuels include gasoline meeting ASTM
Specification D-4814, diesel fuel meeting ASTM Specification D-975,
heating oil meeting ASTM Specification D-396, oxygenates, mixtures
of predominantly hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenates, biomass fuel and
synthetic fuels.
[0035] Hydrocarbon based fuels are those fuels that contain
hydrocarbon groups, and especially those that are substantially
hydrocarbon, that is, those fuels derived from mineral oil sources,
for example, gasoline and middle distillate oils, diesel oil and
heating oils, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels such as polyolefins,
alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon group containing fuels, hydrocarbon
fuels obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch process, and others.
[0036] Mixtures of hydrocarbon based fuels and oxygenates include
mixtures of any of the aforementioned hydrocarbon based fuels with
any of alkanols, especially lower alkanols, and ethers, for
example, methyl-t-butyl ether, methyl-t-amyl ether,
dimethoxymethane and diethoxymethane, and particularly, lower
alkanols such as ethanol.
[0037] Biomass fuels are derived from organic materials, such as
seeds. Processes for obtaining these oils from biomass are
described in numerous U.S. Patents, many of which are listed in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,231 which is hereby incorporated herein by
reference for relevant disclosures of such oils and methods for
obtaining them. Examples of biomass fuels are vegetable oil, for
example, sunflower oil and rapeseed oils.
[0038] The fuel compositions of this invention comprise a minor
amount of hydroxylamine or salt thereof. More typically, the fuel
compositions comprise from about 50 to about 50,000 parts by
weight, even more often from about 1,000 to about 10,000 or to
about 5,000 parts by weight, hydroxylamine or salt thereof per
million parts by weight of fuel.
[0039] The fuel compositions of the present invention may contain
other additives which are well known to those skilled in the art.
These can include combustion modifiers, such as octane number
enhancers for gasoline, for example, anti-knock agents such as
tetra-alkyl lead compounds and certain ethers, cetane number
improvers for diesel fuels such as alkyl nitrates, lead scavengers
such as halo-alkanes, dyes, antioxidants such as hindered phenols,
lubricity agents, cold flow improvers, dispersants, surfactants,
rust inhibitors such as alkylated succinic acids and anhydrides and
derivatives thereof, bacteriostatic agents, auxiliary dispersants
and detergents, gum inhibitors, fluidizers, metal deactivators,
demulsifiers, anti-icing agents and the like. The fuel compositions
of this invention may be lead-containing or lead-free fuels.
Preferred are lead-free fuels.
[0040] The following examples illustrate several compositions of
this invention. All parts are parts by weight. These examples are
intended to be for the purpose of illustration only, and are not
intended to be limiting of the scope of the claims. Unless
indicated otherwise, all amounts of components are given on a neat,
diluent-free basis.
EXAMPLE 1
[0041] A fuel composition is prepared by mixing together, at high
speed, 85 parts of a low sulfur No. 2 fuel oil, 15 parts anhydrous
ethanol and 0.5 parts N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.
EXAMPLE 2
[0042] A fuel composition is prepared by mixing together 100 parts
of a low sulfur No. 2 fuel oil and 0.5 parts
N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.
EXAMPLE 3
[0043] A fuel composition contains 95 parts unleaded gasoline and 5
parts methanol emulsified with 1.0 part of a 1:1 by weight mixture
of a polyether amine prepared by reductive cyanoethylation of
C.sub.12-15 substituted polyoxypropylene monool and a
N,N-diethylhydroxylamine hexadecyl substituted succinic ester-salt
prepared by reacting one mole each of hexadecyl substituted
succinic anhydride with dimethylethanolamine to which emulsion is
added 0.5 part N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.
EXAMPLE 4
[0044] A fuel composition contains 96.33 parts diesel fuel, 1.0
parts C.sub.12-15 alkyl poly(oxypropyl).sub.24 propyl amine, 1 part
hexadecenyl succinic dimethylaminoethyl ester-salt and 1.67 parts
13M aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate.
EXAMPLE 5
[0045] A fuel composition contains 99.50 parts gasoline and 0.5
part N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.
[0046] It is known that some of the materials described above may
interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the
final formulation may be different from those that are initially
added. For instance, metal ions (of, e.g., a detergent) can migrate
to other acidic sites of other molecules. The products formed
thereby, including the products formed upon employing the
composition of the present invention in its intended use, may not
susceptible of easy description. Nevertheless, all such
modifications and reaction products are included within the scope
of the present invention; the present invention encompasses the
composition prepared by admixing the components described
above.
[0047] Each of the documents referred to above is incorporated
herein by reference. Except in the examples, or where otherwise
explicitly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description
specifying amounts of materials, reaction conditions, molecular
weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, are to be understood
as modified by the word "about". Unless otherwise indicated, each
chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as
being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers,
by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are
normally understood to be present in the commercial grade. However,
the amount of each chemical component is presented exclusive of any
solvent or diluent oil which may be customarily present in the
commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It is to be
understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits
set forth herein may be independently combined. As used herein, the
expression "consisting essentially of" permits the inclusion of
substances which do not materially affect the basic and novel
characteristics of the composition under consideration.
[0048] While the invention has been explained in relation to its
preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various
modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the
art upon reading the specification. Therefore, it is to be
understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover
such modifications that fall within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *