U.S. patent application number 10/613605 was filed with the patent office on 2004-05-13 for fasteners, railing system and method of assembly.
This patent application is currently assigned to RailWayz, Inc.. Invention is credited to Connor, Kevin, DeRogatis, David.
Application Number | 20040089858 10/613605 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32233249 |
Filed Date | 2004-05-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040089858 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DeRogatis, David ; et
al. |
May 13, 2004 |
Fasteners, railing system and method of assembly
Abstract
A fastener is adapted to affix a first article such as a picket
to a second article such as a rail to form a railing or balustrade.
The fastener includes a first engaging surface having a maximum
diameter adapted to engage an interior surface of an opening in the
first article and a mating surface adapted to mate with the second
article. The first engaging surface can have shape selected from
cylindrical, ellipsoidal, conical, elliptic conical frustum,
pyramidal frustum, and ball and other shapes having cross-sections
of rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and other regular
polygons having at least four sides such that good engagement is
obtained and the fastener is hidden from view in the assembled
railing.
Inventors: |
DeRogatis, David; (Toms
River, NJ) ; Connor, Kevin; (Toms River, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LERNER, DAVID, LITTENBERG,
KRUMHOLZ & MENTLIK
600 SOUTH AVENUE WEST
WESTFIELD
NJ
07090
US
|
Assignee: |
RailWayz, Inc.
Toms River
NJ
|
Family ID: |
32233249 |
Appl. No.: |
10/613605 |
Filed: |
July 3, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60393125 |
Jul 3, 2002 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
256/59 ;
256/22 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F 2011/1827 20130101;
F16B 7/18 20130101; E04F 11/1853 20130101; E04F 2011/1823 20130101;
E04H 17/1439 20130101; E04F 11/181 20130101; E04F 11/1817 20130101;
E04F 2011/1821 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
256/059 ;
256/022 |
International
Class: |
E04H 017/14 |
Claims
1. A fastener adapted to affix a first article to a second article,
comprising: a first engaging surface having a maximum diameter
adapted to engage an interior surface of an opening in the first
article; and a mating surface adapted to mate with the second
article.
2. The fastener of claim 1 wherein said first engaging surface is
adapted to engage a longitudinally oriented opening within said
first article.
3. The fastener of claim 2 wherein said fastener is adapted to
affix said first article at an angle to said second article.
4. The fastener of claim 3 wherein said angle is a right angle.
5. The fastener of claim 4 wherein said angle is acute.
6. The fastener of claim 1 wherein said first engaging surface has
cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of
rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and other regular
polygons having at least four sides.
7. The fastener of claim 1 wherein said first engaging surface
includes a plurality of ridges adapted to frictionally engage the
opening in the first article.
8. The fastener of claim 7 wherein said first engaging surface has
shape selected from the group consisting of cylindrical,
ellipsoidal, conical, elliptic conical frustum, pyramidal frustum,
and ball.
9. The fastener of claim 8 wherein said first engaging surface
includes a plurality of ridges adapted to frictionally engage the
opening in the first article.
10. The fastener of claim 9 wherein said mating surface is adapted
to engage an interior surface of an opening in the second
article.
11. The fastener of claim 10 wherein said mating surface includes a
plurality of ridges adapted to frictionally engage the opening in
the second article.
12. The fastener of claim 10 wherein said mating surface includes a
plurality of threads adapted to engage the opening in the second
article.
13. The fastener of claim 10 wherein said mating surface has shape
selected from the group consisting of cylindrical, ellipsoidal,
conical, elliptic conical frustum, pyramidal frustum, and ball.
14. The fastener of claim 8 wherein said mating surface is flat,
whereby said fastener is adapted to be affixed to a flat surface of
said second article.
15. The fastener of claim 14 further comprising affixing means
including at least one selected from the group consisting of
bolthead, aperture having a regular polygonal cross-section,
protrusion having regular polygonal cross-section, and
countersink.
16. The fastener of claim 14 wherein the fastener is adapted to be
hidden from view after the first article is fastened to the second
article therewith.
17. A fastener adapted to engage a longitudinally oriented opening
of a first elongated article for attaching the first elongated
article at a right angle to a second article, said fastener
comprising: a cylindrical member provided with a first engaging
surface for engaging an interior surface of a first one of the
first elongated article and the second article; and a second member
connected to the cylindrical member at an opposing end, the second
member provided with a second engaging surface for engaging an
interior surface of a second one of the first article and the
second article, such that said fastener is adapted to be hidden
from view after the first elongated article is fastened to the
second article therewith.
18. A method of affixing a picket of a plurality of pickets at an
angle to a first rail and to a second rail to form a railing,
comprising: a) engaging an interior surface of a longitudinally
oriented opening of a first end of a picket with a first fastener
having a first engaging surface; b) affixing a mating surface of
the first fastener to a corresponding surface of a first rail; c)
engaging an interior surface of a longitudinally oriented opening
of a second end of the picket with a second fastener having a first
engaging surface; and d) affixing a mating surface of the second
fastener to a corresponding surface of a second rail, such that the
picket is affixed to the first and second rails by the first and
second fasteners and the first and second fasteners are thereafter
hidden from view.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said angle is a right angle.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein said angle is an acute
angle.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein said first engaging surface has
shape selected from cylindrical, ellipsoidal, conical, elliptic
conical frustum, pyramidal frustum, and ball and other shapes
having cross-sections of rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal,
octagonal and other regular polygons having at least four
sides.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the first engaging surface
includes a plurality of ridges adapted to frictionally engage the
longitudinal opening in the picket.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the mating surface is flat such
that said fastener mates with a flat surface of said first and
second rails.
24. A method of affixing a plurality of pickets at an angle to a
first rail and to a second rail to form a railing, comprising: e)
engaging an interior surface of a longitudinally oriented opening
of a first end of a picket with a first fastener having a first
engaging surface; f) affixing a mating surface of the first
fastener to a corresponding surface of a first rail; g) engaging an
interior surface of a longitudinally oriented opening of a second
end of the picket with a second fastener having a first engaging
surface; h) affixing a mating surface of the second fastener to a
corresponding surface of a second rail; and i) performing steps a)
through d) for each of the plurality of pickets, such that the
plurality of pickets are affixed to the first and second rails by a
plurality of each of the first and second fasteners and the first
and second fasteners are thereafter hidden from view.
25. A railing including a plurality of pickets affixed at an angle
on a first end to a first rail and on a second end to a second
rail, each of the plurality of pickets being affixed to the first
and the second rails by a method comprising: a) engaging an
interior surface of a longitudinally oriented opening of a first
end of a picket with a first fastener having a first engaging
surface; b) affixing a mating surface of the first fastener to a
corresponding surface of a first rail; c) engaging an interior
surface of a longitudinally oriented opening of a second end of the
picket with a second fastener having a first engaging surface; and
d) affixing a mating surface of the second fastener to a
corresponding surface of a second rail.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/393,125 filed Jul. 3,
2002, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention is related to fasteners and methods used to
assemble a railing, balustrade or fence. More specifically, the
invention is concerned with a fastener that can be affixed to
opposing ends of a picket or baluster in order to attach the picket
to a pair of rails for assembly of a picket fence or
balustrade.
[0003] Picket fences are in widespread use to demarcate property
lines and to enclose specific spaces within a property such as a
patio, backyard deck, pool, and the like. Such fences incorporate a
variety of designs but generally consist of a sequence of
vertically aligned, elongate balustrades or pickets that are
fastened perpendicularly to horizontal support members or rails
with intervening spaces between any two pickets. An early version
of the picket fence was comprised of flat rectangular pickets with
pointed top ends attached to one side of upper and lower horizontal
support members so that the pointed ends of the pickets were
exposed and disposed above the upper horizontal member. This design
and construction technique presented not only a pleasing, aesthetic
appearance but also provided a functional characteristic as the top
pointed ends of the pickets discouraged climbing over the
fence.
[0004] Another type of picket fence is comprised of elongate,
rectangular pickets or balustrades that are attached at opposing
ends thereof to upper and lower fence rails. With this type of
fence, the upper fence rail is located over the top end of the
pickets and functions as the uppermost surface or portion of the
fence. The pickets are attached to the fence rails by various
methods and devices. For instance, the ends of the pickets can be
configured into a particular shape or design that is received into
cooperating apertures or bores located in the fence rails, such as
screw threads formed onto the ends of the pickets and around
cooperating bores of the fence rails so that the pickets can be
screwed into said fence rails. However, such method of attachment
provides an inadequate means of affixing pickets to fence rails if
the fence components are manufactured of certain materials that
have limited load-bearing capabilities such as plastic or
vinyl.
[0005] The pickets can also be attached by fasteners such as nails
or screws to the fence rails with said means of attachment
strengthened as needed by the use of brackets and the like. This
method of attachment presents less than a satisfactory appearance
as nails and screws may be visible if not properly countersunk and
if any brackets are not seated within a depression so that said
fasteners and brackets are flush with the surface of the pickets
and fence rails.
[0006] What is needed then is the provision of a fastening means
and a method of assembling picket fences that overcomes the
aforementioned disadvantages of assembling picket fences. The
subject of the instant invention presents a variety of fasteners
that can be used for attaching pickets to upper and lower fence
rails and a method for such assembly in order that a picket fence
that is stable and secure can be erected using a variety of fence
construction materials while also providing the fence with a
pleasing and aesthetic appearance. Such fastening means is
comprised of fasteners that are inserted at a first portion or end
thereof into opposing ends of a picket and inserted at a second
portion or end thereof into adjacent fence rails.
[0007] Numerous designs for assembling picket fences have been
provided in the prior art. Even though these designs may be
suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they
address, they would not be suitable for the purposes of an aspect
of the invention. Such designs are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No.
4,377,275, Railing Construction, issued to Faber et al. on 22 Mar.
1983; U.S. Pat. No. 4,625,948, Picket Fence, issued to Lustvee on 2
Dec. 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,005, Picket Attachment, issued to
Zen on 6 Nov. 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,820, Wedge-Adjustable Base
For Rail Posts and The Like, issued to Katz on 9 Jul. 1991; and
U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,548, Modular Metal Fencing And Gratings
Employing Novel Fastening Means For Reduction Of Assembly Time,
issued to Moore on 3 Oct. 1995.
[0008] As such, it may be appreciated that there is a continuing
need for a new and improved fastening means and method of
assembling picket fences that is comprised of fasteners that are
inserted into or otherwise attached at a first portion or end
thereof to opposing ends of a picket and inserted at a second
portion or end thereof into adjacent fence rails so that a picket
fence of various materials such as wood, metal, vinyl, and the like
can be assembled quickly and efficiently and with a pleasing and
aesthetic appearance. These aspects of the invention substantially
departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior
art, and in so doing provides an apparatus that substantially
fulfills this need. Additionally, the prior and commercial
techniques do not suggest the present inventive combination of
component elements arranged and configured as disclosed herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] An aspect of the invention, which will be described in
greater detail hereinafter, relates to the field of fasteners and
methods used to assemble fences. More specifically, this version of
the invention is concerned with a fastener that can be affixed to
opposing ends of a picket in order to attach said picket to
adjacent fence rails for assembly of a picket fence.
[0010] According to an aspect of the invention, a fastener is
provided to affix a first article such as a picket to a second
article such as a rail to form a railing or balustrade. The
fastener includes a first engaging surface having a maximum
diameter adapted to engage an interior surface of an opening in the
first article and a mating surface adapted to mate with the second
article. The first engaging surface can have shape selected from
cylindrical, ellipsoidal, conical, elliptic conical frustum,
pyramidal frustum, and ball and other shapes having cross-sections
of rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and other regular
polygons having at least four sides such that good engagement is
obtained and the fastener is hidden from view in the assembled
railing.
[0011] According to an aspect of the invention, a fastener is
provided for affixing pickets to fence rails in order to construct
a picket fence, the fastener including a cylindrical member and a
rectangular member. The cylindrical member and rectangular member
are connected at cooperating ends with the cylindrical member and
rectangular member presenting opposing, exposed ends. Screw threads
are located around the exterior of the cylindrical member, and a
series of ridges or protrusion are located on sidewalls of the
rectangular member. In a first alternative embodiment of the
fastener, the cylindrical member is provided without screw threads.
In a second alternate embodiment, the fastener is comprised of a
conical member with screw threads surrounding the exterior thereof
and a rectangular member connected to a wider end of the conical
member. In a third alternative embodiment, the fastener is
comprised of a conical member with surrounding screw threads and a
hexagonal member connected to a wider end of the conical
member.
[0012] According to another aspect of the invention, a picket fence
is assembled by inserting the rectangular or hexagonal member of a
fastener into a bore formed into each end of a picket so that the
ridges thereof frictionally engage the sidewalls of said bore and
then inserting the cylindrical or conical member of the fasteners,
which extend beyond the pickets, into cooperating bores of the
fence rails. The pickets can be anchored to the fence rails by
rotating said pickets so that the screw threads of the cylindrical
or conical member engage the surrounding sidewall of cooperating
bores in the fence rails.
[0013] If necessary, the spacing of the pickets between the fence
rails can be facilitated by use of a measuring guide releasably
attached to the side of a container for storage and transport of
the pickets. The measuring guide is comprised of two sidewalls that
are perpendicularly attached with a series of apertures located in
a sidewall thereof. The sidewall with said apertures located
therein can be placed over two fence rails so that bores can be
drilled into the fence rails using said apertures as a guide.
[0014] Using the fasteners and the method described above, a picket
fence that is stable and well constructed can be assembled quickly
and efficiently. Fasteners are fabricated from exemplary materials
including plastics, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, and other deformable
materials including but not limited to synthetic rubber and
polyurethane, or alternatively, nondeformable materials such as
metals including, but not limited to aluminum, zinc, galvanized
steel and stainless steel. The pickets and fence rails can be
comprised of a variety of materials, such as wood, plastic, vinyl,
various metals and the like.
[0015] According to another aspect of the invention, a fastening
means and method for assembling picket fence is provided in which a
fastener includes a cylindrical or conical member and a rectangular
or hexagonal member connected thereto. Screw threads or ridges
surround the exterior of the cylindrical or conical member and
ridges surround the rectangular or hexagonal member; and a
plurality of pickets with bores formed into opposing ends thereof
for receipt of individual fasteners.
[0016] According to another aspect of the invention a fastening
means and method is provided for assembling picket fence through
use of fasteners that releasably attach pickets to upper and lower
fence rails so that a picket fence that is stable and secure can be
erected quickly and efficiently with a minimum amount of tools and
expenditure of time and effort.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a
fastener for assembling picket fence in accordance with an aspect
of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of a
fastener for assembling picket fence in accordance with an aspect
of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of a
fastener for assembling picket fence according to line 1-1 of FIG.
2.
[0020] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a
fastener for assembling picket fence in accordance with an aspect
of the invention.
[0021] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of
fasteners aligned for insertion into bores located at opposing ends
of a picket and into cooperating bores off adjacent fence
rails.
[0022] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a
fasteners inserted into bores located at opposing ends of a picket
and aligned for insertion into cooperating bores of adjacent fence
rails.
[0023] FIG. 7 is a partial cross sectional view of a picket
attached at opposing ends to adjacent fence rails, said attachment
provided by a first embodiment of fasteners inserted into bores
located at opposed ends of said picket and into communicating bores
of adjacent fence rails.
[0024] FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of a
series fasteners aligned for attachment to opposing ends of pickets
and adjacent fence rails.
[0025] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a
fastener aligned for insertion into a cooperating bore of a picket
and attachment to an adjacent fence rail.
[0026] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a
fastener aligned for insertion into a cooperating bore of a picket
and attachment to an adjacent fence rail.
[0027] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a
fastener having a cylindrical member for insertion into openings of
both a picket and a rail.
[0028] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a
fastener having a cylindrical member for insertion into openings of
both a picket and a rail.
[0029] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of a
fastener having an elliptic conical frustum shape for insertion
into openings of both a picket and a rail.
[0030] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an alternative form of a
seventh embodiment of a fastener having an elliptic pyramidal
frustum shape for insertion into openings of both a picket and a
rail.
[0031] FIGS. 15-18F are perspective views illustrating an eighth
embodiment of a fastener having a ball shape for insertion into an
opening of at least one of a picket or rail.
[0032] FIG. 19 is a fragmentary perspective view of a storage and
transport container of pickets illustrating a plurality of pickets
stored therein and a hole measuring guide located at an exterior
corner of said container.
[0033] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a hole measuring guide
positioned over two fence rails in order to provide the location at
which bores can be drilled for insertion of fasteners therein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Referring now to the drawings and, in particular, to FIG. 1
through FIG. 3 wherein there are illustrated a first embodiment of
a fastener 10 for assembling a picket fence. The fastener 10 is a
one-piece, unitary device that is comprised of a cylindrical member
12 and a rectangular member 14. The cylindrical member 12 consists
of a first end 16 that is connected to the rectangular member 14
and an opposed second end 18. Screw threads 20 surround the
cylindrical member 12. Desirably, fasteners 10 are fabricated of
two types: fasteners 10 having screw threads 20 which fasten in a
clockwise direction, and fasteners 10 having screw threads 20 which
fasten in a counterclockwise direction. The rectangular member is
comprised of a first end 22 that is connected to the cylindrical
member 12 and a second opposed end 24. A series of parallel ridges
26 is located on the four sidewalls of the rectangular member 14.
The rectangular member 14 is desirably sized to fit an opening of a
readily available picket 44 (FIG. 5) without requiring the picket
44 to be specially manufactured.
[0035] Referring to FIG. 4, therein illustrated is a second
embodiment of the fastener 28. The fastener 28 is comprised of a
cylindrical member 30 and a rectangular member 32, said cylindrical
member 30 consisting of a first end 34 connected to the rectangular
member 32 and a second opposed end 36. The rectangular member 32 is
comprised of a first end 38 that is connected to the cylindrical
member 30 and a second opposed end 40. Parallel ridges 42 are
located on the four sidewalls of the rectangular member 32.
[0036] The fasteners 10, 28 are comprised of material that is
lightweight and durable. Exemplary materials include plastics,
nylon, polyvinyl chloride, and other deformable materials including
but not limited to synthetic rubber and polyurethane and
nondeformable materials such as metals including, but not limited
to aluminum, zinc, galvanized steel, carbon steel and stainless
steel.
[0037] As displayed in FIG. 5 a picket fence is being assembled
with an elongate, rectangular picket 44 having rectangular bores 46
located at opposing ends thereof. The picket 44 is disposed between
upper and lower fence rails 48. Bores 50 are located on facing
sides of the fence rails 48. The picket 44 is disposed in
perpendicular relation to the fence rails 48 with the bores 46 of
the picket 44 in alignment with cooperating bores 50 of the fence
rails 48. A first fastener 10 is located between the top end of the
picket 44 and an upper fence rail 48, and a second fastener 10 is
located between the bottom end of the picket 44 and a lower fence
rail 48. The cylindrical member 12 of each fastener 10 is disposed
toward a cooperating, cylindrical bore 50 of a fence rail 48, and
the rectangular member 14 of each fastener 10 is disposed toward a
cooperating, rectangular bore 46 of the picket 44.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 6, the fasteners 10 are attached to the
picket 44 by means of the rectangular members 44 of the fasteners
10 inserted into the rectangular bores 46 located at opposing ends
of the picket 10. The ridges 26 of the rectangular member 44
frictionally engage the communicating sidewalls surrounding the
bores 46 so that the fasteners 10 are securely anchored within the
bores 46 to the picket 44. Desirably, fasteners 10 having
clockwise-fastening screw threads 20 are inserted into first bores
46 of pickets 44 and fasteners 10 having counterclockwise-fastening
screw threads 20 are inserted into second bores 46 of pickets 44 on
opposite ends of the pickets 44. In such manner, the picket 44 with
the fasteners 10 secured thereto can be attached to the fence rails
48 by inserting the exposed cylindrical members 12 of the fasteners
into cooperating cylindrical bores 50 of the fence rails 48 and
rotating the picket 44 so that the screw threads 20 of the
cylindrical members 12 engage the sidewalls of the bores 50 as
illustrated in FIG. 7. Preparing the picket 44 by inserting
fasteners 10 of clockwise and counterclockwise fastening types in
respective opposite ends thereof assures that the fasteners 10
engage the upper rail and lower rail at the same time by the same
rotational movement to secure the pickets to the rail.
[0039] As displayed in FIG. 8, a plurality of pickets 44 can be
aligned for attachment to upper and lower fence rails 48 to
construct a picket fence of varying length and secured to said
rails 48 as described previously. The pickets 44 and the fence
rails 48 are comprised of material that is lightweight, durable,
rigid, and resistant to corrosion and oxidation, such as various
wood products, metals and alloys, plastic, vinyl, composite
materials, and the like.
[0040] A third embodiment of a fastener 52 is illustrated in FIG. 9
as having a conical member 54 with surrounding screw threads, said
conical member 54 tapering from a narrower end to a wider end with
said wider end connected to a rectangular member 56. The fastener
52 is aligned between an end of a picket 44 with cooperating bore
46 and a communicating side of a fence rail 58. Two types of
fasteners 52 are desirably provided, a first in which the conical
member 54 has clockwise-fastening threads, and a second in which
the conical member 54 has counterclockwise-fastening threads.
[0041] The picket 44 is attached to upper and lower rails 58 by
first inserting the rectangular member 56 of the fastener 52 into
the bore 46 at opposed ends of the picket 44 so that the
rectangular member 56 frictionally engages the surrounding
sidewalls of the bore 46 and anchors the fastener 52 to the picket
44. The picket 44 with the fastener 52 disposed therein is placed
adjacent to the rails 58 in perpendicular relation and rotated
while pressing the conical members 54 of the fasteners 52 against
the rails 58 until the conical members 54 engage the rails 58,
initially securing the fasteners 52 and picket 44 to said rails 58.
The fasteners 52 are then screwed into the rails 58 until the
conical members 54 are completely disposed within the rails 58.
Desirably, a clockwise-threaded fastener 52 is attached to one end
of the picket and a counterclockwise-threaded fastener 52 is
attached to the other, such that rotating the picket 44 in one
direction engages both of the rails 58 at the same time to secure
the picket 44 to the rails 58. The conical members 54 of the
fasteners 52 can be attached to the rails 58 with or without a
pilot hole formed in said rails 58. It may also be desirable under
limited circumstances to further secure the rectangular member 56
of the fastener 52 to the picket 44 by inserting a screw 55 through
a sidewall of the bore 46 of the picket 44, for example.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 10 a fourth embodiment of the fastener 60
is illustrated. The fastener 60 is comprised of a conical member 62
with surrounding screw threads. The conical member 62 tapers from a
narrower end to a wider end with said wider end connected to a
hexagonal member 64. Two types of fasteners 60 are desirably
provided, a first in which the conical member 62 has
clockwise-fastening threads, and a second in which the conical
member 62 has counterclockwise-fastening threads.
[0043] The fasteners 60 are attached to each end the picket 44 by
inserting the hexagonal members 64 into the bores 46 at opposed
ends of the picket 44 until the sidewalls of the hexagonal members
64 engage cooperating sidewalls of the bores 46, and the conical
members extend above the end of the picket 44. Desirably, a
clockwise-threaded fastener 60 is attached to one end of the picket
and a counterclockwise-threaded fastener 60 is attached to the
other. The picket 44 having a fastener 60 secured at each end
thereof is aligned between upper and lower rails 58 so that the
conical members 62 of the fasteners 60 engage the rails 58,
initially securing the fasteners 60 and picket 44 to said rails 58.
The fasteners 60 are then screwed into the rails 58 by pressing the
conical members 62 against the rails 58 and rotating the picket 44
until the conical members 62 are completely disposed within the
rails 58. The conical members 62 of the fasteners 60 can be
attached to the rails 58 with or without a pilot hole formed in
said rails 58.
[0044] Alternatively, the conical member 62 of a fastener 60 can be
first inserted into a lower rail 58 until the hexagonal member 64
is positioned in a way that allows the cooperating bore 46 of the
picket 44 to thereafter become engaged therewith. Another fastener
60 can then be inserted into an upper rail 58 at a location
designed to mate with the lower rail. These steps are repeated to
prepare the lower rail having a set of pickets to be joined to the
upper rail having a set of corresponding fasteners. The lower rail
58 having the attached pickets is then affixed to the upper rail by
the fasteners already attached thereto by slidably engaging the
hexagonal members of the affixed fasteners into the cooperating
bores of the pickets.
[0045] In an alternative embodiment, the fastener 60 can be shaped
having a head 64 having a cross-section of a regular convex n-sided
shape such as a pentagon, heptagon, octagon, etc. As described
above, the head 64 is inserted into a cooperating opening 46 of the
picket 44 and the conical member of the fastener 62 is then
threadably inserted into a rail 58.
[0046] A fifth embodiment of a fastener is illustrated in FIG. 11.
As shown in FIG. 11, the fastener 102 includes a solid, or
alternatively hollow tubular member 110 having a cylindrical shape.
The fastener 102 is desirably fabricated of a uniform material for
ease of fabrication. Exemplary materials include plastics, nylon,
polyvinyl chloride, and other deformable materials including but
not limited to synthetic rubber and polyurethane. The member 110
includes a first set of ridges 112 disposed on an exterior surface
of a first portion 111 thereof, for use in frictionally engaging an
interior surface of a cylindrical opening provided in a
longitudinal end of a picket or baluster. The maximum dimensions of
the ridges of the fastener 102 are preferably selected to be
slightly larger than the internal dimensions of the opening in the
picket, e.g. by an amount on the order of hundredths of an inch
along diameters 114 of the ridges, such that the ridges
frictionally engage the interior surface of the opening in the
picket and stay engaged despite stresses that the assembled rail
and picket may encounter later. In such case, the ridges and/or the
cylindrical member 112 are fabricated of a material and thickness
such that some deformation of the ridges and/or the cylindrical
member 112 occurs upon inserting the fastener 100 into the opening
of the picket.
[0047] The fastener 100 is also provided with a second portion 116
having a second set of ridges 113 used to frictionally engage an
interior surface of an opening in another member to which the
picket is joined, for example, a rail of a railing. As the opening
in the rail to be joined to the picket may be of a smaller or
larger size than the opening in the picket, either the diameter of
the cylindrical member 115, the ridges 113, or both may be varied
for that portion 116 of the fastener 100 that is intended to be
inserted into the opening of the rail. When the first portion 111
and the second portion 116 have the same diameter, a stop 118 is
preferably provided on the exterior surface of the member 110
between the first and second portions 111, 116 which is used for
stopping the fastener from being inserted too deeply into one or
the other of the picket and the rail to which it is being joined.
While the fastener 102 is desirably fabricated in one piece and of
uniform material throughout, the first and second portions 111, 116
may be constructed of different materials or different pieces of
the same or similar materials and then assembled to make the
fastener.
[0048] A sixth embodiment of a fastener is illustrated in FIG. 12.
As shown in FIG. 12, the fastener 102 includes a solid, or
alternatively hollow tubular member 120 having a cylindrical shape.
The fastener 102 is desirably fabricated of a uniform material for
ease of fabrication. Exemplary materials include plastics, nylon,
polyvinyl chloride, and other deformable materials including but
not limited to synthetic rubber and polyurethane and nondeformable
materials such as metals including, but not limited to aluminum,
zinc, galvanized steel and stainless steel.
[0049] As distinguished from fastener 100 shown in FIG. 11,
fastener 102 includes a first set of threads 121 in a first portion
122, and a second set of threads 123 in a second portion 124
thereof. As in the fastener 100 described above, the first portion
122 and second portion 124 may have different diameters. In
addition, the first and second portions 112, 124 may have different
types of threads; that is different thread pitch and angle.
Preferably, the first and second portions are threaded in opposite
directions. For example, the first portion can have threads which
fasten in a clockwise direction, and the second portion have
threads which fasten in a counterclockwise direction. By being so
threaded, the fastener can be threaded or tightened in
corresponding openings in the picket and the rail at the same time
by rotational movement in one direction only. Thus, in an example,
the fastener 102 can be threaded into a rail and thereafter
threaded into the picket by rotating the picket onto the fastener.
Alternatively, the fastener 102 can be threaded into a picket and
thereafter threaded into the rail by rotating the picket with the
attached fastener into the rail. When the fastener 102 is thus dual
threaded, i.e. having both clockwise-fastening and
counterclockwise-fastening threads, threading the fastener into the
second of the picket or rail will not loosen, but rather only serve
to further tighten the fastener into rail or picket into which it
has already been screwed. In between the first portion 122 and the
second portion 124 a stop 126 is preferably placed such that the
fastener 102 is not inserted too deeply into either the picket or
the rail. In such manner, the first portion 122 is screwed a
desirable depth into the picket and a second portion 124 is screwed
a desirable depth into the rail.
[0050] While the fastener 102 is desirably fabricated in one piece
and of uniform material throughout, the first and second portions
122, and 124, or other components of fastener 102 may be
constructed of different materials or different pieces of the same
or similar materials and then assembled to make the fastener. For
example, it may be desirable to form a first portion 122 of the
fastener 102 of a deformable material such as plastic, nylon,
polyurethane, etc., for insertion of the first portion 122 into an
opening in a picket of hollow tubular construction, e.g. of metal,
plastic, polyvinyl chloride or composite material. A second portion
124 of the fastener 102 may desirably be formed of a different
material such as solid steel, aluminum, galvanized steel, zinc,
etc. for providing a strong, nondeformable surface for screwing the
fastener 102 into a smaller opening in a rail, for example.
[0051] The fastener 102 is preferably provided with an aperture 128
on at least one end thereof, the aperture preferably being sized
and shaped to accommodate standard-sized tools such as those of
rectangular cross-section, e.g. a rectangular nut driver or socket
wrench, or those having other cross-sections, e.g. hexagonal
drivers, also known as "Allen" wrenches, for example.
Alternatively, to facilitate turning of the fastener, at least one
end of the fastener 102 may be provided with a bolthead 130, which
is desirably formed integrally to a surface which spans the
cylindrical member 120. Although the bolthead is shown protruding
from the end of the cylindrical member 120, it can be joined to a
surface that is recessed from the end of the cylindrical member
120.
[0052] As not all pickets have a cylindrical shape or are otherwise
amenable to fastening by cylindrically shaped fasteners, FIGS. 13
and 14 illustrate sixth and seventh embodiments of fasteners of the
invention which are intended to be applied to the joining of a
picket to a rail when openings are of different shapes. As shown in
the perspective drawing of FIG. 13A and the top (plan) view thereof
in FIG. 13B, a fastener 135 is provided having a first portion 136
and a second portion 138, each one being in the shape of an
elliptic conical frustum. Conical frustums have sidewalls 141 that
are curved surfaces of revolution about an axis. A conical frustum
is best suited for mating with an opening that also has a curved
surface. As described above relative to FIG. 11, the first and
second portions of the fastener 135 are desirably provided with
sets of ridges 137, 139 for frictionally engaging an interior
surface of an opening provided in the rail and/or picket. A stop
140 is also preferably provided such that the fastener 135 is not
inserted too deeply into either the rail or the picket.
[0053] The seventh embodiment of a fastener 145, illustrated in a
perspective view in FIG. 14A and in a top (plan) view in FIG. 14B,
varies from the sixth embodiment in that the shape of each of the
first portion 146 and the second portion 148 is a pyramidal frustum
rather than a conical frustum. As such, fastener 145 includes sides
150, 151 that are substantially planar, rather than curved as in
the fastener 135 described above relative to FIGS. 13A-13B. The
pyramidal fastener 145 is more preferably employed where the
opening of the picket or rail has at least some straight sides for
which a straight-sided fastener 145 provides a better fit. As
described above relative to FIGS. 13A-13B, the first and second
portions of the fastener 145 are desirably provided with sets of
ridges 147, 149 for frictionally engaging an interior surface of an
opening provided in the rail and/or picket. A stop 152 is also
preferably provided such that the fastener 145 is not inserted too
deeply into either the rail or the picket.
[0054] FIG. 15 illustrates an eighth embodiment of a fastener 200
according to the invention. One difference between fastener 200 and
those shown and described above is that the fastener is
substantially in the shape of a ball. By "ball" is meant those
classes of shapes that are convex and generally round in shape and
may be made up of one or more curved surfaces and/or include
surfaces which are planar. Thus, as defined herein, "ball" includes
but is not limited to the following shapes: sphere (FIG. 15),
prolate spheroid (FIG. 16), oblate spheroid (FIG. 17), regular
convex polyhedra where the base polygon is at least a pentagon,
i.e. a dodecahedron (FIG. 18C), icosahedron (FIG. 18A), and any
other shapes, e.g. geodesic domes, that approximate a sphere (such
as the shapes shown in FIGS. 18B, and 18D-18F), or approximate the
shapes of prolate spheroid or oblate spheroid.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 15, the fastener 200 is a solid, or
alternatively, hollow member having a ball shape. Desirably, a top
surface 218 and an opposite bottom surface 220 are substantially
flat, to facilitate ease of placement and assembly onto a facing
surface of an item, e.g. a rail. The fastener 200 is desirably
fabricated as a single piece of a uniform material for ease of
fabrication. Exemplary materials include nylon, plastics, polyvinyl
chloride, and other deformable materials including but not limited
to synthetic rubber and polyurethane. The fastener 200 preferably
includes a first set of ridges 211 disposed on an exterior surface
of a first portion 212 thereof, for use in frictionally engaging an
interior surface of a cylindrical opening provided in a
longitudinal end of a picket or baluster. The maximum dimensions of
the ridges of the fastener 200 are preferably selected to be
slightly larger than the internal dimensions of the opening in the
picket, e.g. by an amount on the order of hundredths of an inch
along the diameter of the ridges, such that the ridges frictionally
engage the interior surface of the opening in the picket and stay
engaged despite stresses that the assembled rail and picket may
encounter later. In such case, the fastener 200 and/or the ridges
211 are fabricated of a material and thickness such that some
deformation of the ridges and/or the underlying ball occurs upon
inserting the fastener 200 into the opening of the picket.
[0056] The fastener 200 is also provided with a second portion 214
having a second set of ridges 213 used to frictionally engage an
interior surface of an opening in another member to which the
picket is joined, for example, a rail of a railing. The ridges 213
of the second set are desirably slanted in the opposite direction
from the ridges 211 of the first set such that the ridges 213
frictionally engage a first opening in one item, e.g. a rail, while
ridges 211 frictionally engage an opening in another item, e.g. a
picket.
[0057] A stop 222 may be provided on the exterior surface of the
fastener 200 between the first and second portions 212, 214, for
use in stopping the fastener from being inserted too deeply into
one or the other of the picket and the rail to which it is being
joined. While the fastener 200 is desirably fabricated in one piece
and of uniform material throughout, the first and second portions
212, 214, or other components of fastener 200 may be constructed of
different materials or different pieces of the same or similar
materials and then assembled to make the fastener.
[0058] The fastener 200 is preferably provided with an aperture 216
on at least one end thereof, the aperture preferably being sized
and shaped to accommodate standard-sized tools such as those of
rectangular cross-section, e.g. a rectangular nut driver or socket
wrench, or those having other cross-sections, e.g. hexagonal
drivers, also known as "Allen" wrenches, for example. In such case,
the aperture 216 provides a way of applying torque to insert a
lower portion 214 of the fastener 200 into an item such as a
rail.
[0059] Alternatively, the aperture 216 may be a countersink for
retaining a screw or bolt of length sufficient to pass through the
fastener 200 from the side of the aperture 216 to the opposite
side, the screw or bolt then threadably engaging another item, e.g.
the rail thereunder.
[0060] Alternatively, to facilitate turning of the fastener, at
least one end of the fastener 200 may be provided with a bolthead
(such as that shown and described above relative to FIG. 12) in the
place of aperture 216, the bolthead being desirably formed
integrally to a top surface 218 of the fastener 200. In such case,
the bolthead provides a way of applying torque to insert a lower
portion 214 of the fastener 200 into an item such as a rail.
[0061] In a preferred method of assembling a picket to a rail to
form an element of a railing or balustrade, the fastener 200 is
placed, bottom side 220 down on a rail, leaving the top surface 218
exposed. The body of a screw or bolt is threadably inserted into
or, alternatively, passed through the fastener 200 to threadably
engage the rail below, while the screwhead, bolthead, or
tool-receiving aperture of the fastener 200 remains accessible from
a top surface 218 to allow torque to be applied to affix the
fastener to the rail. Thereafter, a cooperating opening of the
picket is then inserted over the fastener 200 to affix the picket
to the rail. The cooperating opening can have a variety of shapes
such as cylindrical, conical, rectangular, hexagonal or other
regular polygon, as well as in the shape of a half-ball or section
of a ball, as that term is defined herein.
[0062] To continue making a balustrade, the process is then
repeated by affixing fasteners 200 at desired spacings, and
affixing pickets thereto to make an assembly having a rail and a
plurality of pickets affixed thereto. This represents a "lower"
rail of the balustrade, for example. Then, fasteners 200 are
affixed to a second rail at desired spacings. The balustrade is
then completed by mating the pickets that are affixed to the lower
rail to the fasteners 200 that are affixed to the second, upper
rail.
[0063] While in many railings or balustrades the pickets or
balusters are oriented at right angles, many occasions arise when
pickets must be oriented at other than right angles, e.g.
stairways, in which case at least one of the angles that the
baluster makes relative to the rail is acute. The ball-shape of
fasteners 200 makes them well-suited for this purpose because the
angle that each ball-shaped fastener 200 makes relative to the
opening in a picket can change while the fastener still continues
to frictionally engage the opening.
[0064] FIGS. 16, 17 and 18A through 18F illustrate alternative ball
shapes to which fasteners 200 may be constructed in preferred
embodiments, bearing in mind, that in each case, a top surface and
a bottom surface of the shape are preferably opposing parallel
planes, for ease of assembly of the rail to picket.
[0065] A container 66 for storing and transporting pickets 44 is
illustrated in FIG. 19. The container 66 is equipped with a hole
measuring guide 68 that can be attached to the container 66 by
various means, such as perforation, VELCRO.RTM., adhesion, and the
like. The hold measuring guide 68 is comprised of a first sidewall
70 and a second sidewall 72, said sidewalls 70, 72 disposed in
perpendicular relation to each other. A plurality of apertures 74
is located in the second sidewall 72 thereof. The apertures 74 are
positioned so as to coincide with the proper or intended spacing or
positioning of bores within the fence rails 48, 58. As such, the
hole measuring guide 68 can be positioned over two adjacent fence
rails 48 as shown in FIG. 20 so that apertures or bores can be
placed within said fence rails 48 in precise locations thereon by
drilling, routing or similar processes.
* * * * *