U.S. patent application number 10/672451 was filed with the patent office on 2004-03-25 for training device designed to improve the physical readiness level of the low back and pelvic girdle.
Invention is credited to Lapcevic, Paul S..
Application Number | 20040058790 10/672451 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26880592 |
Filed Date | 2004-03-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040058790 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lapcevic, Paul S. |
March 25, 2004 |
Training device designed to improve the physical readiness level of
the low back and pelvic girdle
Abstract
A training apparatus designed to improve the physical readiness
level of the low back and pelvic girdle of an individual includes a
frame, a seat, a pivot mechanism mounted on the frame and providing
a pivot point, an exercise arm rotatable about the pivot point, and
a resistance assembly rotatable about the pivot point. An
interlocking mechanism interlocks the exercise arm and the
resistance assembly such that they rotate as a single unit about
the pivot point of the pivot mechanism. The angle between the
exercise arm and the resistance assembly is selectable. The
resistance assembly includes at least a first resistance lever arm
and, preferably, a second resistance lever arm. The first
resistance lever arm includes a counterweight. The second
resistance lever arm has a weight attachment mechanism for
attaching a stress weight thereto, and the second resistance lever
arm is angularly offset from the first resistance lever arm by an
angle about the pivot point of the pivot mechanism. Also disclosed
is a seating and positioning apparatus which includes a thigh
engagement device for contacting and restraining an upper surface
of a thigh of an individual using the training device.
Inventors: |
Lapcevic, Paul S.; (Scenery
Hill, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JAMES RAY & ASSOCIATES
2640 Pitcairn Road
Monroeville
PA
15146
US
|
Family ID: |
26880592 |
Appl. No.: |
10/672451 |
Filed: |
September 26, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10672451 |
Sep 26, 2003 |
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09791321 |
Feb 22, 2001 |
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6652430 |
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60184905 |
Feb 25, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/123 ;
482/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 21/0552 20130101;
A63B 21/0421 20130101; A63B 2208/0228 20130101; A63B 23/0233
20130101; A63B 21/4047 20151001; A63B 21/00065 20130101; A63B
2208/0233 20130101; A63B 21/08 20130101; A63B 21/0615 20130101;
A63B 71/0622 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/123 ;
482/130 |
International
Class: |
A63B 021/04; A63B
021/02 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A training apparatus designed to improve the physical readiness
level of the low back and pelvic girdle of an individual, said
training apparatus comprising: a frame; a seat supported by said
frame; a pivot mechanism mounted on said frame and providing a
pivot point disposed adjacent said seat; an exercise arm extending
outward from said pivot mechanism and rotatable about said pivot
point; and a resistance assembly extending outward from said pivot
mechanism and rotatable about said pivot point; said exercise arm
and said resistance assembly being linked to one another such that
said exercise arm and said resistance assembly rotate as a single
unit about said pivot point of said pivot mechanism; said
resistance assembly including a first resistance lever arm and a
second resistance lever arm; said first resistance lever arm
including a counterweight; said second resistance lever arm
including a weight attachment mechanism for attaching a stress
weight thereto; and said second resistance lever arm being
angularly offset from said first resistance lever arm by an angle
about said pivot point of said pivot mechanism.
2. A training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said first
resistance lever arm additionally includes a weight attachment
mechanism for attachment of additional weight thereto; and said
counterweight has a weight substantially sufficient to
counterbalance an upper torso weight of an individual exerted on
said exercise arm when such individual is seated in said seat and
exerting such upper torso weight against said exercise arm.
3. A training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said exercise
arm and said resistance assembly are separately and non-integrally
formed and wherein said training apparatus additionally comprises:
interlocking means for interlocking said exercise arm with said
resistance assembly such that both of said exercise arm and said
resistance assembly rotate as a single unit about said pivot point
of said pivot mechanism.
4. A training apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said
interlocking means includes: a selective angular locking mechanism
for locking said exercise arm with said resistance assembly at a
selected one of a plurality of possible angular relationships
between said exercise arm and said resistance assembly.
5. A training apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said
selective angular locking mechanism includes: a radial flange
connected to said resistance assembly; a plurality of apertures
provided on said radial flange at a common radius from said pivot
point; and a plunger mechanism provided on said exercise arm; said
plunger mechanism including a plunger rod for selectively engaging
one of said plurality of apertures; whereby said exercise arm and
said resistance assembly can be selectively locked together at one
of a plurality of relative angular dispositions.
6. A training apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: said first
resistance lever arm additionally includes a counterweight attached
to said first resistance lever arm at a point distal from said
pivot point of said pivot mechanism; said counterweight having a
weight substantially sufficient to counterbalance an upper torso
weight of an individual exerted on said training arm when such
individual is seated in said seat; and said selective angular
locking mechanism provides means for adjusting the angular
inclination of said exercise arm with respect to a vertical axis
when said first resistance lever is in a substantially vertical
inclination.
7. A training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said pivot
mechanism has an axis of rotation; and said exercise arm includes a
torso contacting portion extending substantially parallel to said
axis of rotation of said pivot mechanism; said torso contacting
portion extending substantially over said seat.
8. A training apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said-training
arm additionally includes: torso contact adjustment means for
selectively adjusting the distance of said torso contacting portion
of said exercise arm from said pivot point of said pivot
mechanism.
9. A training apparatus according to claim 1, said training
apparatus additionally comprising: a lumbar positioning device for
contacting and positioning a lumbar region of an individual
utilizing said training apparatus, said lumbar positioning device
being disposed substantially immediately adjacent said seat.
10. A training apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said lumbar
positioning device includes a lumbar bolster.
11. A training apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said lumbar
positioning device additionally includes horizontal lumbar
positioning adjustment means for selectively adjusting a
substantially horizontal distance of said lumbar bolster with
respect to said seat.
12. A training apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said lumbar
positioning device additionally includes vertical lumbar
positioning adjustment means for selectively adjusting a
substantially vertical height of said lumbar bolster with respect
to said seat.
13. A training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said
exercise arm extends across said pivot point of said pivot
mechanism to form a further counterweight lever disposed on a side
of said pivot point opposite said exercise arm; and said training
apparatus additionally includes a further counterweight attached to
said further counterweight lever on said opposite side of said
pivot point from said exercise arm.
14. A training apparatus according to claim 1, said training
apparatus additionally comprising: a thigh engagement device for
contacting and restraining an upper surface of a thigh of an
individual utilizing said training apparatus.
15. A training apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said thigh
engagement surface includes a thigh bolster for engaging and
restraining such upper surface of such thigh of such individual
utilizing said training apparatus.
16. A training apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said thigh
engagement device additionally includes: thigh engagement
positioning means for selectively adjusting at least one of a
height of said thigh bolster relative to said seat and a horizontal
distance of said thigh bolster relative to said seat.
17. A training apparatus according to claim 1, said training
apparatus additionally comprising: a first connection member
provided on said frame; a second connection member provided on said
resistance assembly; and at least one elastic resistance element
extending between said first and second connection members; said at
least one elastic resistance element exerting a resistance to
relative movement between said first and second connection
members.
18. A training apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said at
least one elastic resistance element includes a plurality of
removable elastic resistance elements.
19. A training apparatus according to claim 5, said training
apparatus additionally comprising: a first connection member
provided on said frame; a second connection member provided on said
radial flange; and at least one elastic resistance element
extending between said first and second connection members; said at
least one elastic resistance element exerting a resistance to
relative movement between said first and second connection
members.
20. A training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pivot
mechanism includes: a first rotational bearing mounted on said
frame and disposed to one side of said seat; a second rotational
bearing mounted on said frame and disposed between said first
rotational bearing and said seat; an axle extending between said
first and second rotational bearings and rotatable therein; and
wherein: said resistance assembly is fixedly attached to said axle
to move therewith; said exercise arm includes a tubular sleeve
portion surrounding said axle and rotatable with respect thereto;
whereby said angular disposition between said training arm and said
resistance assembly may be varied.
21. A training apparatus according to claim 1, said training
apparatus additionally comprising: an indicator member connected to
said resistance assembly; and a striated gauge connected to said
frame; whereby movement of said resistance assembly relative to
said frame is displayed by movement of said indicator member
relative to said striated gauge.
22. A training apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said
training apparatus additionally includes: an indicator member
connected to said axle; and a dial gauge connected to said frame
and disposed adjacent said pointer member; whereby movement of said
resistance assembly relative to said frame is displayed by movement
of said indicator member relative to said dial gauge.
23. A training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: said
additional weight includes at least one of an additional
counterweight and an additional stress weight.
24. A training apparatus designed to improve the physical readiness
level of the low back and pelvic girdle of an individual, said
training apparatus comprising: a frame; a seat supported by said
frame; a pivot mechanism mounted on said frame and providing a
pivot point disposed adjacent said seat; an exercise arm extending
outward from said pivot mechanism and rotatable about said pivot
point; and a resistance assembly extending outward from said pivot
mechanism and rotatable about said pivot point; said exercise arm
and said resistance assembly being linked to one another such that
said exercise arm and said resistance assembly rotate as a single
unit about said pivot point of said pivot mechanism; said
resistance assembly including at least a first resistance lever
arm; said first resistance lever arm including a counterweight; and
said counterweight having a weight substantially sufficient to
counterbalance an upper torso weight of an individual exerted on
said exercise arm when such individual is seated in said seat and
exerting such upper torso weight against said exercise arm.
25. A training apparatus according to claim 24, wherein: said first
resistance arm additionally includes a weight attachment mechanism
for attachment of additional weight thereto.
26. A training apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said
exercise arm and said resistance assembly are separately and
non-integrally formed and wherein said training apparatus
additionally comprises: interlocking means for interlocking said
exercise arm with said resistance assembly such that both of said
exercise arm and said resistance assembly rotate as a single unit
about said pivot point of said pivot mechanism.
27. A training apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said
interlocking means includes: a selective angular locking mechanism
for locking said exercise arm with said resistance assembly at a
selected one of a plurality of possible angular relationships
between said exercise arm and said resistance assembly.
28. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus in
which an individual performs bending movements about the hip axis,
said seating and positioning apparatus comprising: a frame; a seat
supported by said frame; said seat having an upper surface; and a
thigh engagement device for contacting and restraining an upper
surface of a thigh of an individual utilizing such training
apparatus and seated on said seat such that a buttocks portion of
such individual is in contact with said upper surface of said
seat.
29. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus
according to claim 28, wherein: said thigh engagement surface
includes a thigh bolster for engaging and restraining such upper
surface of such thigh of such individual utilizing said training
apparatus.
30. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus
according to claim 29, wherein said thigh engagement device
additionally includes: thigh engagement positioning means for
selectively adjusting at least one of a height of said thigh
bolster relative to said seat and a horizontal distance of said
thigh bolster relative to said seat.
31. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus
according to claim 28, said seating and positioning apparatus
additionally including: a lumbar positioning device for contacting
and positioning a lumbar region of an individual utilizing said
training machine and seated on said seat such that a buttocks
portion of such individual is in contact with said upper surface of
said seat, said lumbar positioning device being disposed
substantially immediately adjacent said seat.
32. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus
according to claim 31, wherein: said lumbar positioning device
includes a lumbar bolster.
33. A seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus
according to claim 32, wherein: said lumbar positioning device
additionally includes lumbar positioning adjustment means for
selectively adjusting a substantially horizontal distance between
said lumbar bolster and said seat.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application Serial No. 60/184,905, filed on Feb. 25, 2000 and
titled "Exercise Device for Strengthening the Lower Back Area".
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to devices employed
for the rehabilitation and/or strengthening of the lower back area
(i.e., the "pelvic girdle" region and/or "lumbar" region) of an
individual. More particularly, the invention relates to devices
that utilize progressive resistance training to rehabilitate and or
strengthen the pelvic girdle/lumbar region of an individual.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The following background information is provided to assist
the reader to understand the invention described and claimed
herein. Accordingly, any terms used herein are not intended to be
limited to any particular narrow interpretation unless specifically
so indicated.
[0004] Back and neck pain is one of the most widespread and
troublesome of human maladies, and one that is frequently of a
chronic nature. Of the total population, an extremely high
proportion experience some form of back or neck pain at some time
in their lives. For example, in Advances in Therapy, Volume 15, No.
3, May/June 1998, it is stated that, "[Lower Back Pain] is the
leading cause of disability in people younger than 45, [and] is the
second most prominent cause of industrial absenteeism, affecting up
to 60% of all employees at some time in their careers. In 1990,
costs associated with [lower back pain] were more than $50 billion
in the United States alone. That year, workers' compensation costs
for [lower back pain] exceeded $11 billion and have been rising
steadily each year." For some, pain reaches debilitating
levels.
[0005] It is widely believed that a relatively large proportion of
back pain is due to the shifting and/or bulging of the spinal discs
that are located between consecutive spinal column segments. These
discs can become misaligned by shifting toward the front of the
patient ("anterior"), toward the back of the patient ("posterior")
or toward either side of the patient ("lateral"). Frequently, the
aim of therapy is to bring a particular disc or discs back into
proper alignment with the spinal column segments between which it
is located. Thus, the spinal column has often been subjected to
some type of elongating force, in order to relieve the pressure
between the spinal segments and allow the misaligned and/or bulging
disc(s) to return to proper alignment.
[0006] Various apparatuses have been devised for the non-surgical
treatment through spinal manipulation, including spinal elongation.
A number of such apparatuses are discussed immediately below. In
general, such apparatuses can be subdivided into "active" vs.
"passive". In a passive device, the spinal column of the patient is
subjected to forces, and in fact some movement, however slight,
while the patient remains essentially passive, i.e., exerting no
muscular forces. In contrast, when using an active device, the
patient performs movements, generally against some resistive force.
As pointed out below, it is believed that the active form of
therapy, particularly a progressive resistance form of training,
has particular benefits over the passive type of therapy. In active
therapy, the activation of all of the physiology within and
surrounding the pelvic girdle region of the patient is activated,
resulting in improved circulation that removes toxins from and
carries nutrients to the activated physiology. In addition, a
progressive resistance form of training is vitally needed to
restore integrity of soft tissue (e.g., ligamentous structures,
muscles, tendons, and capsules) of which the ligamentous structure
in the pelvic girdle and lumbar area is very pronounced.
[0007] Such apparatuses can also be generally subdivided between
"linear" vs. "curvilinear" (i.e., non-linear) devices. In a linear
device, the spinal column of the patient is subjected to tensile
forces acting essentially in a straight line along the axis of the
spinal column. In contrast, in the use of a curvilinear device, the
spinal column of the patient is subjected to a bending moment.
Several advantages of curvilinear/non-linear motion are discussed
in the article "Non-Linear Spinal Disc Traction-Medical Sciences'
Ultimate Answer to One of Humanities Oldest Problems", which
appeared in the December, 1999 issue of California Journal of
Alternative Medicine. This article discusses how curvilinear motion
can produce sufficient negative pressures in the spinal column
(i.e., "intradiscal pressures") to literally "suck" the "nucleus
pulposus" back into the torn annulus fibrosis. This reduces disc
bulge, herniation, and surgical intervention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
[0008] A device generally referred to by its tradename of "Medex"
is designed with the belief that back pain could be cured by
isolating very specific muscles of the lower back in a resistance
training program. Thus, the Medex provides a locking mechanism to
keep the femur and hip axis of the individual from moving forward
or backward with adjustable pads, one pad being located in the
lumbar region and the other, a pressure pad, that forces the femur
back against the lumbar pad. The Medex also employs an adjustable
belt, which holds the user against the seat with pressure applied
high up on the thighs. When locked in this position, the individual
has to perform a torso extension motion against a backrest that is
connected to adjustable resistance weights. However, the Medex, by
locking the individual into a rigid position, does not involve a
synergistic activity of related soft tissue or decompression at
various vertebral joints. Moreover, it does not provide
opportunities for the development of a multitude of new recruitment
pathways. The term "new recruitment pathways", as used herein,
refers to the means by which selected muscle cells are activated.
For example, in a particular movement, motor units are selected for
use depending on the relative location of stress in the
movement.
[0009] A device generally referred to by its tradename of "Vivatek"
uses a table in which the patient lies, face up, in a completely
horizontal position with his/her back against the tabletop. While
the patient is in a passive mode, the device is electronically
controlled to provide a lifting action (i.e., through the elevation
of various portions of the table's upper surface) at a variety of
locations along the vertebral column of the patient. The time
interval of the elevated position and the frequency of the
application of the lift are controlled electronically. During this
passive mechanical manipulation of the spinal column, electronic
controlled pulses, similar to sonar, are generated and projected
through the lifting mechanism. These pulses are intended to
stimulate better blood flow during the spinal manipulation.
However, the Vivatek is passive in nature. Therefore, the patient
does not have the additional benefit of muscular activity and the
associated improvement in transportation of toxins from the soft
tissue and transportation of nutrients to the soft tissue.
Additionally, the patient is not involved in progressive resistance
training.
[0010] However, the "Vivatek device", which is presumed by many to
effect spinal decompression, has been significantly recognized in
the industry, for example, by being awarded the 1998 "Therapeutic
Product of the Year Award" by the World Health News Network. The
present invention is believed to also perform spinal decompression,
but with an apparatus which is significantly less expensive to
manufacture.
[0011] An apparatus generally referred to by its tradename of
"Vax-D" employs a table, upon which the patient assumes a prone,
face down, position. The treatment provides a linear decompression
of the spine by having the patient reach out, with both arms, and
hold on to two vertical non-moveable posts. A harness is attached
to the hip area of the patient and connected to a mechanical
traction device. This traction device is electronically controlled
as to the magnitude of force, the duration of the force, and the
frequency of the force applied. Like the Vivatek device discussed
above, the Vax-D apparatus is passive in nature. Therefore, the
patient does not experience the benefit of muscular activity and
its associated improvements in transportation of toxins from the
soft tissue and transportation of nutrients to the soft tissue.
Additionally, the patient, once again, is not involved in
progressive resistance training.
[0012] In a particular apparatus marketed under the tradename of
"Strive" and referred to in their literature as the "Back/Ab
Combo", active patient muscle activity is provided in the nature of
progressive resistance training with a variety of resistance
patterns. However, this device does not provide for decompression
of the spine. Moreover, the resistance is applied through a gear
mechanism that changes the motion of the resistance assembly with
respect to the anatomical motion of the user. Further, although
there is a mechanism provided for counterbalancing the patient's
upper body weight, such counterbalancing is not closely matched to
that upper body weight during the latter part of the motion.
Additionally, this apparatus permits the patient to perform only
two anatomical motions, torso extension and torso flexion.
[0013] A device generally referred to by the tradename of "NK
Table" includes a table having a leg arm and a resistance arm. The
leg arm is fixed to a rotating shaft mounted on the table. The
resistance arm can be locked to different starting angular
positions, while the leg arm is vertical. However, with the "NK
Table", the anatomical starting position is fixed (i.e., at the
vertical). In other words, with the "NK Table", the exercise motion
must always begin with the lower leg in the vertical position.
[0014] Summing up, none of the "Medex", "Vivatek", "Vax-D", and "NK
Table" apparatuses discussed above provide a means to efficiently
develop new muscular recruitment pathways.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Accordingly, one objective of the present invention is the
provision of a training apparatus for decompressing particular
segments of the lower region of the spinal column, while
simultaneously providing for active anatomical motion in a selected
one of four directions around the pelvic girdle, namely torso
flexion, torso extension, lateral extension left, and lateral
extension right.
[0016] Another objective of the present invention is the provision
of such a training apparatus that additionally does not lock the
patient into a rigid position, thereby providing for synergistic
activity of related soft tissue.
[0017] A still further objective of the present invention is the
provision of a multitude of resistance patterns, with a variety of
controlled resistance magnitudes.
[0018] Yet another object of the present invention is the provision
of such a training apparatus, in which the torso extension motion,
pivoting around the hip axis, (which would normally terminate with
the user in a flat horizontal position) is extended by performing a
pelvic lift across a lumbar pad. This extension of the torso
extension motion generates spinal decompression in the user.
[0019] Yet another object of the invention is the provision of such
a training apparatus in which a torso flexion motion begins at a
somewhat extended position and goes beyond a normal flexion motion,
so that a lumbar stretch is experienced as the user reaches for the
floor.
[0020] The lateral extension motions, both left and right, provide
a synergy of activity through the lower extremities to the soft
tissue involved in the torso, as the user again reaches to touch
the floor.
[0021] The apparatus provides a counterweight system to overcome
the weight of the upper torso, so that each motion has an eccentric
(muscle lengthening) as well as a concentric (muscle shortening)
activity.
[0022] The type of activity that the user is involved in can be
separated into three principal types. The first, which provides the
greatest amount of decompression, is a rocking motion across the
lumbar pad. The second, which provides for better transportation of
toxins from the cells and transportation of nutrients to the cells,
is a rocking motion in all of the various regions throughout the
full range of motion. The third, which is integrated into this
process, is the frequent movement through a full range of motion
two or more times during the training process. Common to all of
these three activities is that a selection of many different
resistance magnitudes can be provided at any point in the range of
motion. As a result of the different resistance magnitudes being
provided at any point in the range of motion, many recruitment
pathways are efficiently developed in the synergistically involved
muscle segments. This results in the development of a high level of
physical readiness, by which is meant muscular endurance,
functional strength, range of motion, and work output.
[0023] Still further, rubber tension bands are integrated into the
resistance source and apply greater resistance to the training arm
in the latter part of the motion. Such rubber tension bands
compensate for a decreased resistance provided by the
counterweight(s) on the lower resistance lever as the motion
proceeds from 900 to approximately 115.degree..
[0024] As used herein, the term "spinal decompression" refers to
curvilinear spinal decompression, as opposed to linear spinal
decompression, which is the type of spinal decompression effected
by the Vax-D apparatus discussed herein. Additionally, the term
"spinal decompression" as used herein refers to "active" spinal
decompression as provided by progressive resistance training, as
distinguished from passive spinal decompression, of which the
Vivatek and Vax-D devices discussed herein are illustrative.
[0025] A still further objective of the invention is the provision
of such a training apparatus that is extremely economic to
manufacture and yet is at least as efficacious as other apparatuses
in the field. For example, an apparatus according to the present
invention may cost on the order of one tenth or less of other known
devices. Such low cost of manufacture (and also simplicity of use)
places the inventive training apparatus well within the home use
category.
[0026] A yet further advantage and objective of the invention is
the provision of a range of motion indicator for indicating the
extent of the angular movement of each training repetition. This
allows for the repetitions performed by any one particular patient
to be quantified and therefore easily used in a progress report,
evaluation, computer software program or the like.
[0027] In addition to the objectives and advantages listed above,
various other objectives and advantages of the invention will
become more readily apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art
from a reading of the detailed description section of this
document. The other objectives and advantages will become
particularly apparent when the detailed description is considered
along with the drawings and claims presented herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0028] The foregoing objectives and advantages are attained by the
various embodiments of the invention summarized below.
[0029] In one aspect, the invention generally features a training
apparatus designed to improve the physical readiness level of the
low back and pelvic girdle of an individual. The training apparatus
includes a frame, a seat, a pivot mechanism mounted on the frame
and providing a pivot point disposed adjacent the seat, an exercise
arm extending outward from the pivot mechanism and rotatable about
the pivot point, a resistance assembly extending outward from the
pivot mechanism and rotatable about the pivot point. The exercise
arm and the resistance assembly are linked to one another such that
the exercise arm and the resistance assembly rotate as a single
unit about the pivot point of the pivot mechanism. The resistance
assembly includes a first resistance lever arm and a second
resistance lever arm. The first resistance lever arm includes a
counterweight. The second resistance lever arm has a weight
attachment mechanism for attaching a stress weight thereto, and the
second resistance lever arm is angularly offset from the first
resistance lever arm by an angle about the pivot point of the pivot
mechanism.
[0030] In another aspect, the invention generally features a
training apparatus designed to improve the physical readiness level
of the low back and pelvic girdle of an individual. The training
apparatus includes a frame, a seat, a pivot mechanism mounted on
the frame and providing a pivot point disposed adjacent the seat,
an exercise arm extending outward from the pivot mechanism and
rotatable about the pivot point, and a resistance assembly
extending outward from the pivot mechanism and rotatable about the
pivot point. The exercise arm and the resistance assembly are
linked to one another such that the exercise arm and the resistance
assembly rotate as a single unit about the pivot point of the pivot
mechanism. The resistance assembly includes at least a first
resistance lever arm having a counterweight. The counterweight has
a weight substantially sufficient to counterbalance an upper torso
weight of an individual exerted on the exercise arm when such
individual is seated in the seat and exerting such upper torso
weight against the exercise arm.
[0031] In yet another aspect, the invention generally features a
seating and positioning apparatus for a training apparatus in which
an individual performs bending movements about the hip axis. The
seating and positioning apparatus includes a frame, a seat having
an upper surface, and a thigh engagement device for contacting and
restraining an upper surface of a thigh of an individual utilizing
such training apparatus and seated on the seat such that a buttocks
portion of such individual is in contact with the upper surface of
the seat.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pelvic rocker training
apparatus constructed according to the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 2 is an enlarged portion of the perspective view of
FIG. 1, showing more particularly a pivot mechanism, an angular
adjustment mechanism, and the connection of at least one elastic
resistance element to the pelvic rocker training apparatus of the
present invention.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a more detailed perspective view of an exercise
arm component of the inventive pelvic rocker training
apparatus.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a more detailed perspective view of a thigh
engagement device component of the inventive pelvic rocker training
apparatus.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a more detailed perspective view of a lumbar
positioning device component of the inventive pelvic rocker
training apparatus.
[0037] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a goneometer (i.e., angular
measurement) device of the inventive pelvic rocker training
apparatus.
[0038] FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the inventive
pelvic rocker training apparatus in a configuration wherein a
resistance assembly thereof is rotated to its most extreme degree
of rotation.
[0039] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of
a counterweight mounted on a resistance lever arm of the inventive
pelvic rocker training apparatus.
[0040] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of
a counterweight mounted on an exercise arm of the inventive pelvic
rocker training apparatus.
[0041] FIG. 10 is a plan view of a striated gauge member component
of the inventive pelvic rocker training apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVENTION
[0042] Initially, the terms "individual", "patient", "user", and
the like are used interchangeably herein to denote a person using
the inventive training apparatus described herein for the purpose
of improving the physical readiness level of that person's low back
and pelvic girdle physiology. This may be for purposes of
rehabilitation or just for general improvement such physiology
(e.g., to improve the strength and flexibility of such region).
[0043] Referring most particularly to FIG. 1, a training apparatus
constructed according to the present invention is generally
indicated by reference numeral 10. The training apparatus 10
includes a frame 12, which rests on the ground or floor and which
supports a seat 14 in an elevated position with respect to the
floor or ground. A pivot mechanism 16 is mounted on the frame 12
and disposed with respect thereto so as to be substantially
adjacent to the seat 14. The pivot mechanism 16 provides a pivot
point 18 about which various working components of the training
apparatus rotate. More particularly, the training apparatus
additionally includes an exercise arm 20 and a resistance assembly
22. Both of the exercise arm 20 and the resistance assembly 22 are
pivotally mounted to the frame 12 by the pivot mechanism 16 and are
therefore rotatable about the pivot point 18 with respect to the
frame 12. It should be noted that the exercise arm 20 and the
resistance assembly 22 are independently rotatable with respect to
the frame 12 about the pivot point 18. This permits the exercise
arm 20 to be rotated, independently of the resistance assembly 22,
to a selected anatomical starting position for training. However,
the exercise arm 20 and the resistance assembly 22 are linked to
one another through an interlocking mechanism 24 such that, during
use by an individual or patient (i.e., during a training motion),
the exercise arm 20 and the resistance assembly 22 rotate as a
single unit about the pivot point 18 provided by the pivot
mechanism 16. The particulars of the interlocking mechanism 24 are
discussed and described more fully below.
[0044] The resistance assembly 22, which extends generally downward
(due to its weight) from the pivot point 18 includes a first
resistance lever arm 26 and a second resistance lever arm 28, each
of which extends radially outward from the pivot point 18. The
first and second resistance levers 26 arms and 28, respectively,
are preferably rigidly connected to one another such that they
rotate about the pivot point 18 as a single component. A
counterweight 30 is secured (preferably, relatively permanently) to
the radially outward (or distal) end of the first resistance lever
arm 26. The second resistance lever arm 28 is angularly displaced
(or offset) with respect to the first resistance lever arm 26 by a
specified angle .alpha.. In the presently preferred embodiment, the
angle .alpha. is substantially equal to about 80.degree.. However,
it should be noted that the choice of .alpha. as being
substantially equal to about 80.degree. is not absolutely critical.
Other offset angles could be employed to achieve desirable results
as that obtained in the presently preferred embodiment, without
departing from either the spirit or scope of the invention.
[0045] The primary function of the counterweight 30 is to provide a
counterbalance to the weight of the upper torso of a patient or
individual using the training apparatus 10. The average head of an
individual weighs on the order of about 13 pounds. When any of a
torso flexion motion, a torso extension motion, a lateral left
bending motion, or a lateral right bending motion about the hip
axis is performed by a seated individual, considerable torque is
involved due to the weight of the upper torso (including the head)
acting at its respective distance from the hip axis. The further
that the upper torso is inclined from the vertical, the more severe
the torque exerted by upper torso. This torque must be
supported/resisted by the pelvic girdle (lumbar) physiology. For
individuals with lower back pain, any bending motion about the hip
axis can be quite painful. However, it is these motions that must
be performed to achieve improvement. The counterweight 30 attached
to the distal end of the first resistance lever arm 26 functions to
substantially effectively cancel out at least all of the torque
exerted by the upper torso as it is rotated from the vertical. In
other words, whether performing any of the four training motions
identified above, the exercise arm 20, which is in contact with the
upper torso of the individual, exerts a counter torque that acts
against the torque produced by the upper torso weight of the
individual. The result is a relative sensation of weightlessness as
any of the four training motions are performed. This allows the
individual to perform training motions which would be too painful
without the counterbalancing effect, and the mere performing of
such repetitive training motions causes curvilinear (non-linear)
spinal decompression with active muscular participation on the part
of the individual, which, as pointed out above, has clear
therapeutic advantages. The individual or patient may be encouraged
to "rock" back and forth as far as can be tolerated without excess
pain, each motion resulting in active muscular participation and
curvilinear spinal decompression.
[0046] Once a reasonable pain free range of motion is achieved,
progressive resistance training can be implemented by adding stress
weights to either of the first resistance lever arm 26 and/or the
second resistance lever arm 28 in a manner selected to be
appropriate.
[0047] The radially outward (or distal) end of the first resistance
lever arm 26 is provided with a first weight attachment device 32
for attaching an additional counterweight (or counterweights)
thereto. Preferably, the first weight attachment device 32 is
provided in the form of a rod 34, which extends horizontally
outward (i.e., parallel to the axis of the pivot point 18) from the
distal end of the first resistance lever arm 26. The radially
outward (or distal) end of the second resistance lever arm 28 is
similarly preferably provided with a second weight attachment
device 36 for facilitating the attachment of "stress weight"
thereto. Similarly, the second weight attachment device 36 is
preferably provided in the form of an additional rod 38 extending
horizontally from the distal end of the second resistance lever arm
28.
[0048] As the term is used herein, "counterweight" refers to a
weight used to provide a counterbalancing effect to the upper torso
weight of an individual. Such counterweight is added only to the
first resistance lever arm 26. In contrast, "stress weight" refers
to a resistance weight that is employed to produce an additional
resistive force during a portion of the training motion, as, for
example, in progressive weight (or resistance) training. Such
stress weight can be added to either of first resistance lever arm
26 or the second resistance lever arm 28.
[0049] The "stress weights" and any additional counterweight(s)
that can be optionally attached to the first weight attachment
device 32 and the second weight attachment device 36 are preferably
of the conventional "barbell" type weights, which are widely
available and well known. Such "barbell" type weights are
disc-shaped and provided with a central hole of a standardized
diameter. They slide onto the ends of a barbell and are commonly
clamped axially by a sliding clamp. The rod 34 and the additional
rod 38 are sized to accept such "barbell" type weights. In
practice, it has not been found necessary to employ the typical
clamping mechanisms as are used on conventional barbells, since the
rod 34 and the additional rod 38 are maintained in a horizontal
disposition throughout the training movements, due to the rigidity
and relative immobility of the frame 12.
[0050] The frame 12 is, in overall general construction, preferably
fabricated from tubular steel of generally square cross section and
includes a pair of longitudinal base members 40, which extend
parallel to one another in a fore/aft configuration and are
disposed beneath and on generally opposite sides of the seat 14.
Two transverse base members 42 connect between and extend beyond
the ends of the two longitudinal base members 40. The frame 12 is
thereby provided with substantial stability and resistance to any
tipping motion. The two transverse base members 42 serve an
additional function by providing anchors for placement of the
user's feet.
[0051] An outrigger frame portion 44 is constructed to one side of
one of the longitudinal base members 40. The outrigger frame
portion 44 serves a number of functions: it furnishes a rigid
mounting position for an outboard rotational bearing 46 (discussed
more fully below); it provides a rigid mounting position for a
first connection member 48, to which at least one elastic
resistance element 50 may be attached (also discussed more fully
below); it provides a mounting position for a bumper member 51
(preferably elastomeric) which contacts the first resistance lever
arm 26 in a substantially vertical position and prevents it from
counter rotation past the vertical; and it provides a structure
upon which additional weights can be stored. As to the last
function, preferably two further rods 52 project outward and
horizontally from the outrigger frame portion 44. Additional
"barbell" type weights, for use on the rod 34 and the additional
rod 38, may be integrally stored with the training apparatus 10 by
sliding them onto the further rods 52 provided on the outrigger
frame portion 44.
[0052] The exercise arm 20 includes a torso-contacting portion 54,
which extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the
pivot mechanism 16 and substantially over the seat 14. The
torso-contacting portion 54 includes a cylindrical bolster 56,
which is mounted on one arm 58 of an L-shaped armature 60. The
exercise arm 20 also includes a torso-contacting adjustment
mechanism 62, wherein another arm 64 of the L-shaped armature 60 is
preferably formed of square cross-section tubular steel and
telescopes into a similarly configured, but of slightly larger
cross section, portion of the exercise arm 20. A holding device 66
secures the telescoping arm 64 and exercise arm 20 to the selected
degree of extension. The holding device 66 is preferably a "pop
pin" mechanism or a "tension knob" mechanism, as described more
fully below. Additionally, both a "pop pin" mechanism and a
"tension knob" may be used together in combination, so as to allow
both quick adjustment and in order to remove any slack motion from
the connection.
[0053] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the exercise arm 20 extends
across the pivot point 18. The portion of the exercise arm 20
disposed on the opposite side of the pivot point 18 from the
torso-contacting portion 54 serves, at least to some degree, to
counterbalance the weight of the exercise arm 20 and
torso-contacting portion 54 located on one side of the pivot point
18. Still, however, when the exercise arm 20 is uncoupled from the
resistance assembly 22, the exercise arm, by itself, becomes
unbalanced. To counteract this, a further counterweight 68 is
attached to the end of the exercise arm 20 disposed across the
pivot point 18 from the torso-contacting portion 54. This further
counterweight 68 may be in the form of a permanently attached
counterweight or a "barbell" type weight.
[0054] Referring most particularly now to FIG. 2, which is an
enlarged perspective view of the pivot mechanism 16, the
interlocking mechanism 24, and structure adjacent thereto, the
pivot mechanism 16 includes and is located between the outboard
rotational bearing 46 (mounted on the outrigger 44) and an inboard
rotational bearing 70, which is mounted on the frame 12
substantially adjacent the seat 14. An axle 72 is rotationally
mounted in each of the outboard and inboard rotational bearings 46
and 70, respectively, by which means the axle 72 is thereby
rotationally mounted to the frame 12. The resistance assembly 22,
which includes the first and second resistance lever arms 26 and
28, respectively, is preferably permanently connected to the axle
72 (e.g., as by welding) so as to rotate integrally therewith. A
radial flange 74 is preferably permanently connected (e.g., by
welding) to the resistance assembly 22, and surrounds and extends
radially outward from the axle 72. Thus, the axle 72, the
resistance assembly 22, and the radial flange 74 all pivot as a
singular unit within journals provided by the outboard and inboard
rotational bearings 46 and 70, respectively. The radial flange 74
is provided with a sequential series of preferably evenly spaced
holes 76 which are spaced radially outward from the axle 72. As
described below, a plunger mechanism (e.g., a "pop pin" mechanism)
connected to the exercise arm 20 engages a selective one of the
holes 76 to provide the interlocking mechanism 24 that interlocks
the exercise arm 20 and the resistance assembly 22 together at one
of a selected plurality of angular dispositions.
[0055] A second connection member 77 (i.e., a pin) projects
outwardly from the radial flange 74. The other end of the elastic
resistance element 50 attaches to the second connection member 77.
During a training motion in which the resistance lever arm 26 is
moved toward the extreme limit of its range of motion (i.e., when
the resistance lever arm 26 passes 90.degree. from its original or
rest position), the counter torque that it exerts begins to
diminish. At such time, the elastic resistance element 50 is
approaching its maximum degree of elongation. Thus, at this point,
the elastic resistance element 50 furnishes additional counter
torque to compensate for the decreased counter torque provided by
the weighted resistance lever arm 26.
[0056] Also shown in FIG. 2, is a pin 79 extending outwardly from
the radial flange 74, which will encounter outrigger frame portion
44, when the resistance assembly 22 has rotated approximately
115.degree.. This provides a safety stop that prevents
over-rotation of the resistance assembly 22.
[0057] We turn now principally to FIG. 3, which is a more detailed
perspective view of the exercise arm 20. The exercise arm 20, in
addition to the components described previously, includes a lower
chamber portion 78, into which the other arm 64 of the L-shaped
armature 60 telescopes. The lower chamber portion 74 is preferably
provided with two separate holding mechanisms 66 to fix the
extendable L-shaped armature 60 at a selected configuration. A
first of the holding mechanisms 66 includes a first hollow
cylindrical stub 80 outstanding from a planar face of the lower
chamber portion 78. Preferably, what is herein referred to as a
"pop pin" mechanism 82 is secured to the first cylindrical stub 80.
Such a "pop pin" mechanism 82 is well known in the mechanical arts
and includes a spring-loaded plunger that is biased toward an
inward direction. The plunger typically engages a hole, depression,
or the like to lock two sliding members in one of a plurality of
selected relative positions. The connection can be released by
retracting the "pop pin" (or plunger) mechanism against the spring
bias. The members may then be slid to another relative positioning
and the pop pin released so as to again engage the locking
action.
[0058] A number of such pop pins are employed in the present
invention for adjusting to the anatomy of various individuals.
[0059] The pop pin mechanism 82 engages a selected one of a
plurality of holes 84 provided on the arm 64 of the L-shaped
armature 60, thereby allowing adjustment of the height of the
torso-contacting portion 54 above the seat 14.
[0060] The second of the holding mechanisms 66 includes a second
hollow cylindrical stub 87 that protrudes outward from a corner
edge of the lower chamber portion 78. A "tension screw" holding
mechanism 86 is mounted in this second cylindrical stub 87 and
serves to securely fix and remove any slack from the telescoping
connection between the arm 64 and the lower chamber portion 78. As
used herein, the term "tension screw" mechanism or the like refers
to the well known mechanical connection device wherein a threaded
screw member may be rotated (as with a hand knob) so as to "bite"
into an adjacent member and fix an otherwise sliding or telescoping
connection between the members.
[0061] A number of such tension screws are employed in the present
invention for adjusting to the anatomy of various individuals.
[0062] With the holding mechanisms 66 so described, the height of
the torso-contacting portion 54 above the seat may be quickly
selected using the pop pin mechanism 82. Any slack between the two
telescoping members may then be removed by rotating the tension
screw mechanism 86 inward.
[0063] The lower chamber portion 74 includes a hollow cylindrical
sleeve 88 that projects therefrom parallel to the torso-contacting
portion 54. The sleeve 88 surrounds the axle 72 and is rotatable
thereabout, thus allowing the exercise arm 20 to pivot about the
pivot mechanism 16.
[0064] An L-shaped flange member 90 is connected to the lower
chamber portion 74 (e.g., by welding). A hollow cylindrical stub 92
projects from one arm of the L-shaped flange member 90. A pop pin
mechanism 94 (i.e., a plunger mechanism) is attached to the
cylindrical stub 92. The plunger portion of the pop pin mechanism
94 engages a selected one of the sequential holes 76 provided in
the radial flange 74 and seen most clearly in FIG. 3. The pop pin
mechanism 94 can be selectively engaged with any one of the holes
76, whereby the angular relation between the exercise arm 20 and
the resistance assembly 22 can be adjusted. This allows the initial
position of the exercise arm 20 to be set to vertical or to
different off-vertical inclinations to accommodate the abilities of
various patients or individuals.
[0065] Referring now primarily to FIGS. 1 and 4, the training
apparatus 10 preferably also includes a thigh engagement device 96.
This thigh engagement device 96 is utilized when the patient is
performing an extension motion about the hip axis. In such a
situation, the thigh engagement device 96 is positioned such that
it contacts and prevents any significant upward motion of the upper
surface of the thighs of the patient. Preferably, the thigh
engagement device 96 is positionable as to both its height and
lateral positioning and, to this end, includes a T-shaped armature
98 which slidingly telescopes into an upright stanchion 100
provided on the frame 12. The height of the T-shaped armature 98
relative to the stanchion 100 is adjustable via a pop pin mechanism
102, which selectively engages one of a series of holes 104
provided on the T-shaped armature 98. A pair of horizontally
positioned thigh bolsters 106 are mounted on opposite sides of an
adjustable armature 108, which slidingly telescopes into a top arm
of the T-shaped armature 98. The lateral positioning of the
bolsters 106 relative to the seat 14 is adjustable via another pop
pin mechanism 110, which selectively engages with a selected one of
a series of holes 112 provided in the upper surface of the
adjustable armature 108.
[0066] Referring now primarily to FIGS. 1 and 5 the training
apparatus 10 preferably also includes a lumbar positioning device
114 for contacting and positioning the lumbar region of a user
performing a torso extension movement. The lumbar positioning
device 114 includes another T-shaped armature 116 having an arm 118
that slidingly telescopes into a beam portion 120 of the frame 12.
The beam portion 120 of the frame 12 is positioned immediately
beneath the seat 14 and aligned in parallel with the two
longitudinal base members 40. [A portion of the beam portion 120 is
visible in FIG. 1.] A tension screw device 122, which is preferably
located on a corner edge of the beam portion 120 and projects
therethrough, serves to clamp the arm 118 of the T-shaped armature
116 into a selected degree of telescopic extension with respect to
the beam portion 120, which thereby selects the horizontal
positioning of the lumbar bolsters 124 with respect to the seat 14.
A pair of horizontally positioned lumbar bolsters 124 are mounted
on opposite sides of another adjustable armature 126, which
slidingly telescopes into one arm of the T-shaped armature 116. A
further pop pin mechanism 128 coacts with a series of holes 130
provided on the armature 126 to select and maintain the vertical
height of the lumbar bolsters 124 relative to the seat 14.
[0067] Referring now in particular to FIG. 6, the training
apparatus 10 is preferably provided with a "goneometer" device 132
for displaying (e.g., to an attending physical therapist) the
degree of rotation of the resistance assembly 22 relative to the
frame 12. The term "goneometer" is used herein to describe a device
for visually displaying the rotation of the resistance assembly 22
relative to the frame 12. In the presently preferred embodiment, a
simple mechanical "protractor" type device is employed. Clearly,
however, more esoteric devices (e.g., electronic rotation
indicators, etc.) could be substituted. The goneometer device 132
includes a striated gauge plate 134 that is rigidly connected to a
rail member 136 of the outrigger frame portion 44 of the frame 12.
An indicator member 138 is rigidly connected to the axle 72, which
projects slightly through an aperture 140 provided in the striated
gauge plate 134. Preferably, the striated gauge plate 134 is marked
with radii every 15.degree., with 5.degree. subdivisions thereof
being shown. The position of the resistance assembly 22 in its rest
position is indicated at 0.degree.. Provision of the goneometer
device 132 allows the performance/progress of an individual to be
quantified, which has substantial value in recording performance,
either tabularly or by way of computer software, for example. Thus,
improvement in range of motion can be documented, both for medical
review and for purposes of billing (e.g., Medicare, etc.).
Operation
[0068] The inventive training apparatus 10 has four primary modes
of operation: torso extension; torso flexion; torso lateral bending
left; and torso lateral bending right (which are discussed
immediately below). In each of these modes of operation, spinal
decompression is effected, at different angles and to varying
degrees.
[0069] Torso Extension:
[0070] In performing a torso extension movement, the individual is
seated on the seat 14, facing forward (i.e., with the bolster 56 on
the exercise arm 20 adjusted against the individual's back, high on
the scapular area). The thigh adjustment device 96 is adjusted such
that the thigh bolsters 106 firmly restrain the individual's thighs
against upward motion. The individual places his/her feet on the
front transverse base member 42. The individual then rocks back
against the counter torque exerted by the resistance assembly 20
and transmitted through the exercise arm 20.
[0071] The starting position of the exercise arm 20 is adjusted by
way of the interlocking mechanism 24 so that the individual will be
relatively pain free in a seated position, before beginning the
torso extension movement. The preferred starting position is with
the exercise arm 20 substantially vertical, which is achieved using
the hole 76 indicated by the legend "A", as seen in FIG. 2.
However, some individuals may experience pain in this initial
starting position. If so, the starting position of the exercise arm
20 may be inclined further back via the interlocking mechanism 24,
e.g., by using the holes 76 labeled "B", "C", or "D". The hole 76
labeled "X" is for individuals needing a greater degree of flexion
in the starting position. However, this is not the usual
recommended starting position.
[0072] With a starting position selected, the individual is
encouraged to rock back in a torso extension motion. The motions
may be best viewed as divided into 30.degree.segments. The
individual will hopefully be able to extend by at least 30.degree.
from the initial starting position. If not, then the furthest
extension from the starting position achievable by the individual
without undue pain should be noted, and the individual encouraged
to rock back to this limit and to attempt extending the relatively
pain free limit of extension. If an initial 30.degree. extension is
achieved, then further extension may be attempted in 30.degree.
increments. The individual is encouraged to rock back to the
relatively pain free limit, and to return only partially to the
starting position, before again extending, i.e., rocking back
again. Periodically during such a rocking motion, the individual is
directed to perform a full motion at least two consecutive times
(i.e., a motion beginning at the starting position and proceeding
to the relatively pain free limit).
[0073] If and/or when the individual is able to reach the extreme
range of travel of the resistance assembly 22, the most significant
degree of spinal decompression is believed to occur. The inventive
training apparatus 10 is unique in allowing both the gluteus
maximus muscles and the hamstring muscles of the individual to
become synergistically involved in the training, through the
performance of a motion referred to herein as a "pelvic lift". In
such a pelvic lift, when the individual reaches the maximum
extension obtainable using primarily the extensor muscles of the
back (i.e., at about 90.degree. movement of the resistance assembly
22), further movement of the resistance assembly 22 can be effected
by synergistically involving (i.e., energizing) the gluteus maximus
muscles. This is accomplished by having the individual lift his/her
pelvic region against the restraint provided by the thigh bolsters
106. Use of the gluteus maximus muscle group in performing the
pelvic lift can further the movement of the resistance assembly 22
back to approximately 108.degree.. Even further movement of the
resistance assembly 22 can be obtained by now extending the pelvic
lift movement through the activation of the hamstring muscle groups
(primarily the "high" hamstrings, that is, the proximal attachment
thereof). This extending of the pelvic lift through involvement of
the hamstring muscle group can cause rotation of the resistance
assembly 22 to the full extent permitted, i.e., 115.degree..
[0074] FIG. 7 shows the training device 10 at its most extreme
range of travel, i.e., with the resistance assembly 22 displaced
115.degree. from its initial resting position. It will be seen from
FIG. 7, that "hyperextension" occurs at the most extreme range of
travel, with the individual extending beyond the normally flat,
prone position. During such a hyperextension, the lumbar bolsters
124 come into significant contact with the lumbar region of the
individual and accentuate the spinal decompression effect.
[0075] Torso Flexion:
[0076] The individual is seated, and the height of the bolster 56
of the exercise arm 20 adjusted so as to contact his/her chest
region. The individual's arms are draped over the bolster 56. The
feet of the individual are placed on the rear transverse base
member 42. Once again the individual is encouraged to perform a
rocking motion, in a forward bending movement with the upper body
inclining toward the floor. The same general guidelines set forth
above are observed as regards 30.degree. ranges of movement;
motions that attempt to extend the relatively pain free zone, and
performing at least two consecutive relatively pain free full range
motions periodically during the general rocking motion. To even
further activate soft tissue involvement (e.g., in the sacrum
area), the individual can perform a "pelvic roll", wherein the
individual attempts to touch the floor, to place the palms on the
floor, etc. The hamstring area can be even further synergistically
involved if the feet of the individual are placed far forward on
the floor (i.e., in front of the transverse base member 42) while
performing such a "pelvic roll".
[0077] During a "pelvic roll" movement, since the individual
stretches so far forward and down, the buttocks actually roll
forward and out of the seat 14, to such an extent that the distal
(insertion) portion of the hamstrings becomes the primary point of
contact between the individual and the seat 14.
[0078] Lateral Bending (Left and Right):
[0079] For lateral bending left, the individual is seated sideways,
facing away from the resistance assembly 22, while, for lateral
bending right, the individual is seated sideways facing the
resistance assembly 22. The arm to which side the lateral bend is
to be performed is draped over the bolster 56. The opposite foot of
the individual is positioned against the transverse base member 42
closest to that foot. The individual then bends laterally parallel
to the hip axis, following the general guidelines set forth above
as regards 30.degree. ranges of movement, motions that attempt to
extend the relatively pain free zone, and performing at least two
consecutive full range relatively pain free motions periodically
during the general rocking motion.
[0080] The lateral bending movements (left and right) can be
accentuated by having the individual attempt to touch the floor
with the arm that extends over the bolster 56, while the opposite
foot remains in contact with the transverse base member 42. This
causes a controlled therapeutic stress to be placed on the hip
joint, i.e., soft tissue as well as bone structure. This
synergistic involvement supports the training of the lumbar region,
as the person stretches to reach the floor. Additionally, having
the individual attempt to touch floor positions located at the
center, to the front of center, and to the rear of center, involves
different musculature, particularly the obliques. The soft tissue
of the spinal column (e.g., muscles, ligaments, tendons, capsules)
also becomes involved during these movements, and is arguably the
greatest recipient of this training movement.
[0081] The counterweight 30 shown in FIG. 1 is preferably a
rectangular block weight, which is bolted to the first resistance
lever arm 26. An alternative (and even more preferred) embodiment
of the counterweight 30 is illustrated in FIG. 8, where the
counterweight 30 is provided in the form of a disc shaped "barbell"
weight, which is slipped over the rod 32 and preferably secured to
the first resistance lever arm 26 by means of bolts 142. Also shown
in FIG. 8, is an "additional weight" 144 that may be placed on the
rod 32. When this additional weight 144 is added to counterbalance
the upper torso weight of the user, it functions as a
counterweight. The additional weight 144 may, however, be instead
added to increase the resistance against the performed motion, in
which case it functions as a stress weight.
[0082] Stress weight that is added to the first resistance lever
arm 26 exerts a sinusoidal resistance beginning at zero when the
resistance assembly 22 is in its rest position (with the first
resistance lever arm 26 vertical) In contrast, weight that is added
to the second resistance lever arm 28, while still exerting a
sinusoidal resistance, begins at a point phase shifted on the
sinusoidal curve by 80.degree. (i.e., the magnitude of the angle
.alpha.). By applying additional stress weights selectively to
either of the first and second resistance lever arms 26 and 28,
respectively, the anatomical motion can be subjected to differing
resistance curves.
[0083] FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the
counterweight 68 for the exercise arm 20. The lower chamber portion
78 of the exercise arm 20 is shortened and a plate member 146 is
affixed thereto (e.g., by welds 148). One or more "barbell" weights
are secured to the plate member 146 via an elongated bolt 152 and
nut 154.
[0084] As seen in FIG. 10 (and as noted above), the striated gauge
member 134 is preferably provided with radial markings 156 spaced
at 15.degree. intervals, and with additional subdivision markings
158 spaced at 50 intervals. The striated gauge member 134 may
additionally be provided with a name/identification plate 160.
[0085] While the present invention has been disclosed by way of a
detailed description of a number of particularly preferred
embodiments, it will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art
that various substitutions of equivalents can be effected without
departing from either the spirit or scope of the invention as set
forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *