U.S. patent application number 10/466344 was filed with the patent office on 2004-03-18 for cartridge.
Invention is credited to Alexandrov, Sergey Nikolaevich, Zozulya, Sergey Leonidovich, Zozulya, Vladimir Leonidovich.
Application Number | 20040050285 10/466344 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34391254 |
Filed Date | 2004-03-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040050285 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Zozulya, Vladimir Leonidovich ;
et al. |
March 18, 2004 |
Cartridge
Abstract
The invention concerns with ammunition and may be used for
manufacturing cartridges of rifle arms and other kinds of
ammunition, as well as for improving characteristics of sniper
riffle barrels. The basic task of the invention is improvement of
the cartridge design by the following way: an additional covering
on a bullet made on the basis of a film-forming organic carrier
with filling substance on the basis of the products of hydrate
dehydration containing oxides provides improvement of close
grouping of shooting; the adverse conditions of weapon storage
render less influence on this characteristic, that indicates the
stabilization of barrel channel parameters and increase of weapon
survivability. The application of REVITALIZANT-XADO as an
additional covering allows fastening the process of leveling,
smoothing of barrel channels and achieving improvement of close
grouping of shooting from 30% up to 44.5% and more. Meeting the
requirements of the weapon exploitation technical specification and
of the maintenance instruction permits the regenerative effect to
progress and to reach 60% according to the criterion of close
grouping of shooting both during the storage and the further
operation.
Inventors: |
Zozulya, Vladimir Leonidovich;
(Bakulina St., UA) ; Zozulya, Sergey Leonidovich;
(Sumgaitskaia, UA) ; Alexandrov, Sergey Nikolaevich;
(Pyateletky St., UA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Ilya Zborovsky
6 Schoolhouse Way
Dix Hills
NY
11746
US
|
Family ID: |
34391254 |
Appl. No.: |
10/466344 |
Filed: |
July 14, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
January 3, 2002 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US02/00063 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/517 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 12/82 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
102/517 |
International
Class: |
F42B 010/00; F42B
012/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 13, 2002 |
UA |
2002021164 |
Claims
1. A cartridge, containing a bullet, a powder charge, an ignition
cap and a sleeve, characterized that the addition covering with
thickness .delta.=(0.01 to 0.03) D is located on a bullet, where D
is the bullet diameter appropriates to a bullet calibre, made on
the basis of a film-forming is organic carrier contains filling
substance, letter is products of dehydration of the hydrates,
containing such oxides as MgO, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO,
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, at the filling substance
(0.05 to 0.015) grn/ml in the film-forming carrier.
2. The cartridge of claim 1, characterized that a film-forming gel
on the basis of paraffin is used as an organic carrier for
cartridges of calibre 22LR, 5.56.times.45 to 7.62.times.39, the
covering being put on the whole bullet surface.
3. The cartridge of claim 1, characterized that a film-forming
polymer is used as an organic carrier for cartridges of calibre
7.62.times.54 and bigger, the covering being applied as a belt of
the width h=(0.7 to 1.8) D and at the distance L=(0.5 to 0.7) D
from the bullet tip.
Description
[0001] The invention concerns to ammunition and may be used as for
cartridges of a small arms, and other kinds of ammunition, as well
as for improvement of characteristics of sniper riffle barrels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] It is known, that in firearms the smokeless gunpowder charge
almost completely turns into the gaseous products at combustion
having high elasticity and temperature. The pressure of powder
gases, operating on a bottom of a bullet, creates movement of a
bullet in the barrel channel. In spite of the fact that the
movement in the barrel channel is characterized by short duration
(about 0.002 sec), the influence of powder gases is essentially at
intensive shooting. The channel of firearm barrel wears out
especially essentially. The channel of the automatic weapon wears
out the most quickly.
[0003] The result of firearms barrel wear is loss first of all the
close grouping of shooting, reduction of distance of shooting and
decrease of destructive power connected to it. Though these
characteristics depend on many reasons, however such factors as
design of ammunition and preparation of weapon and ammunition for
shooting may change the said characteristics essentially in the
best or on the contrary in the worse side.
[0004] The various designs of ammunition are created with the
purpose of improvement of the said characteristics, using thus
various modern materials. A number of ammunition devices are known
to have been reconstructed in order to reach friction and wear
reduction. For example, a cartridge of 5.6 millimeters calibre,
containing a metal sleeve, a cap, a powder charge and a bullet [see
the Specification to the U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,463, IC. F 42 B 12/82,
dated from Dec. 13, 1996]. The head part of a bullet has a circular
groove and is covered with a synthetic lubricant. Or, for example,
a bullet with the metal core made of sintered metal powder with a
covering from plastic or metal [see the Specification to the Great
Britain patent No 2278423, IC. F 42 B 12/74, dated from. Nov. 30,
1994]. The covering made of plastic is covered in process of
immersing of a heated up bullet in plastic.
[0005] The ammunition devices mentioned above reduce friction
basically in the breech part of a weapon and do not influence its
wear or friction in the weapon barrel shooting.
[0006] It is known that there is an artillery shell with a device
that reduces wear of a barrel and a method of its manufacturing
[see the specification of WO 9528612, IC. F 42 B 5/24, dated from
Oct. 26, 1995]. The shell contains a sleeve which wall tablets made
of material reducing barrel wear when shooting, which are fastened
to the wall of the sleeve. The tablets contain a paraffin
component, which sticks them to the sleeve wall when stiffening.
Such way of fastening the protective material tablets may be
applied for various calibre shells.
[0007] However the tablets located on the sleeve walls render very
insignificant influence on a riffle barrels whole, and,
consequently, on such characteristic as close grouping of shooting.
Besides, the technology of using such tablets may be applied only
for artillery shells, that is for an ammunition of large
calibre.
[0008] It is known, that there is also a high-speed bullet to shoot
from rifled fire-arms [see the Specification to the U.S. Pat. No.
5,365,853, IC F 42 B 12/34, dated from Nov. 2, 1994] which contains
a core, that can be deformed, an envelope and details fixing the
envelope on the core of a bullet. The details fixing the envelope
on the core of a bullet are located in the apertures of the
envelope and they serve for reduction of friction between a bullet
and barrel channel rifling shooting.
[0009] Owing to reduction of friction between a bullet and barrel
channel rifling the wear of the channel of a rifle barrel decreases
also. However, complexity of bullet design reduces application
range cartridges.
[0010] Besides, it is known a bullet which contains an envelope
with a leaden shirt and a core [see the Specification to the
Russian Federation patent No 2034231, IC F 42 B 12/06, dated from
Jun. 30, 1990.], where the close grouping of shooting is 16-18%
more than the known ones due to the core made of a solid alloy and
the specific form of a bottom part of a leaden shirt. The specific
form of the leading part of a bullet allows avoiding formation of
bulges and envelope separation from the lead shirt at envelopes
bending, i.e. promotes increase durability of assembly of bullet
elements owing to what additional increase of close grouping
shooting takes place.
[0011] However, when using the ammunition described above, the high
parameters of close group shooting are characteristic mainly for
the new, that is unworn out rifle arms, and they decrease
essentially reduced after short period of usage because of wear of
barrels channels.
[0012] The most similar to the declared decision according to its
purpose, technical essence and the application result that must be
reached while using the cartridge is a bullet, a powder charge an
ignition cap and a sleeve [see Zug A. B A small arms.--M.: Military
Publishing House. 1992. 645-648 p.]. The type of a cartridge of the
infantry weapon established at the beginning of last century does
not undergo basic changes and serves its purpose perfectly.
[0013] However, as in previous case, when using the ammunition
described above, the high parameters of close group shooting are
characteristic mainly for the new, that is unworn out rifle arms,
and they decrease essentially after short period of usage because
of wear of barrel channels. Thus, the problem of increasing the
weapon resource and improvement of its characteristics is still
actual today.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Therefore, the purpose of the offered technical decision is
reduction of wear of the firearms barrel channel and, as
consequence, increase of close group shooting and other
characteristics of the weapon.
[0015] The basis of the invention is the improvement of the
cartridge design by additional covering on a bullet with thickness
.delta.=(0.01 to 0.03) D, where D is the bullet diameter
appropriate to a bullet calibre, made on the basis of a
film-forming organic carrier with filling substance, that are
products of dehydration of the hydrates containing oxides as MgO,
SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, K.sub.2O,
Na.sub.2O, at the filling substance (0.05-0.15) grm/ml, therefore,
apparently, the improvement of rotation transfer by the barrel
channel grooves due the additional covering of a bullet is
provided, the nutation corner in flight decreases, its gyroscopic
stability in flight increases, and therefore such important
characteristic as close grouping of shooting is improved, the
adverse conditions of weapon storage render less influence on this
characteristic that indicates the stabilization of barrel channel
parameters and increase of weapon survivability.
[0016] The problem mentioned above is solved so that in the known
cartridge containing a bullet, a powder charge, an ignition cap and
a sleeve, according to the invention, the addition covering with
thickness 6=(0.01 to 0.03) D is located on a bullet, where D is the
bullet diameter appropriate to the bullet calibre, it is made on
the basis of a film-forming organic carrier contains filling
substance, the latter is products of dehydration of the hydrates
containing oxides as MgO. SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO,
Fe.sub.203, K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, at the filling substance (0.05 to
0.15) grm/ml in the film-forming carrier.
[0017] According to preferred embodiment of the invention, a
film-forming gel on the basis of paraffin is used as an organic
carrier for cartridges of calibre 22LR, 5.56.times.45 to
7.62.times.39, the covering being put on the whole bullet
surface.
[0018] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention,
a film-forming polymer is used as an organic carrier for cartridges
of calibre 7.62.times.54 and bigger, the covering being applied as
a belt of the width h=(0.7 to 1.8) D and at the distance L (0.5 to
0.7) D from the bullet tip.
[0019] The values of covering thickness, width of belts and
distances from the bullet tip (ammunition) above mentioned are
optimum from the point of view of the film filling substance and
achievable effect.
[0020] As it is seen from the description of the technical
decision, that is declared, it differs from the prototype and,
consequently, it is new.
[0021] The decision has also an inventive level. The method of
manufacturing wear resistant fire-arms barrels is known [see the
Description to the Ukrainian patent No 35.271 A IC 41 A 21/00,
published from. Mar. 15, 2001]. It includes its preliminary
clearing and treating by ultra disperse powder or a mixture of
ultra disperse powder with the technological environment before
each shot of a series which includes not less than 3-5 shots, by
covering an external surface of each shell and an internal surface
of a barrel with ultra disperse powder or a mixture of ultra
disperse powder with the technological environment taking into
account that ultra disperse powder is produced of natural mineral
belonging to layered silicates.
[0022] It was shown by tests, that usage of the technical decision
described above provides increase of survivability of the
fire-arms, that can be proved by steady improvement of its
ballistic characteristics of the new as well as worn out weapons.
In this case fulfillment of the certain conditions can make
requirements of weapon storage less strict.
[0023] However, the method cannot be referred to technological
ones, it can't be mechanized and applied for in the adverse
conditions.
[0024] The present technical decision differs essentially from
previously suggested one. It allows to prepare cartridges
(ammunition) on conditions of the mass mechanized manufacture, with
essential reduction of the filling substance and expenses for its
manufacturing. The cartridges (ammunition) providing high ballistic
properties of the weapon are suitable for transportation and usage
on various conditions.
[0025] There is a composition to treat pairs of friction [see the
Ukrainian patent 34768, IC C10M 125/10, published from Jun. 15,
2001]. It includes oxides of metals and nonmetals based on the
products of dehydration of the hydrates at the temperature of the
constitutional water removal and destruction of a crystal lattice
in an interval 400-900.degree. C. and which in a steady phase
contain such oxides as MgO, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO,
Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O. The specified composition is
used in a mixture with various fluid technological environments for
decrease friction and wear.
[0026] The present technical decision differs essentially from the
one suggested previously, because it uses the film-forming
materials as a carrier, that provides formation of a steady
additional covering on the bullet surface with uniform distribution
of the necessary filling substance in the given zone. But the most
important factor is that the covering fixation on the bullet
surface provides an opportunity to use the necessary cartridges
avoiding full wear of arm channels. As it is marked above, such a
design of a cartridge is technological and suitable for mass
production.
[0027] It is necessary to note also once again, that at the stable
effect of increasing close grouping of shooting such parameter as
speed of a bullet during tests might change a little bit both aside
increase, and aside decrease or to remain constant. This fact gives
the basis for the statement, that the offered decision gives a new
technical result, that is improvement of transfer to a bullet of
rotation by the channel grooves of a barrel through the additional
bullet covering. Thus, probably, in this case, there is a leveling,
smoothing of barrel channels, and due to its the corner of bullets
nutation decreases in flight, its gyroscopic stability raises in
flight.
[0028] The offered technical decision may find wide application for
ammunition manufacture, as well as for operational development of
barrel channels of rifle arms up to higher parameters.
USE OF THE INVENTION
[0029] On FIG. 1. A cartridge with a covering made of film-forming
gel with filling substance.
[0030] The cartridge, for example, of a calibre 5.56.times.45
contains a bullet 1, a powder charge 2, a ignition cap 3 and a
sleeve 4. The covering 5 made film-forming gel is put on the bullet
surface. The cartridge from side of the bullet is protected by cap
6. The protective cap 6 does not used, if the covering film-forming
polymers are used for covering. The mixtures of oxides mentioned
above are used as filing substance.
[0031] The prepared compositions of film-forming gels or polymers
with filling substances have the common name
"REVITALIZANT-XADO".
[0032] The test results of the various cartridges' with an
additional covering on a bullet made of various compositions of
"REVITALIZANT-XADO" on the basis of the material of filling
substance mentioned above are given in the Table. The influence of
an additional covering on the weapon ballistic characteristics was
estimated according to change of R.sub.100 (the radius of a circle
with the centre in an average point of the hit, containing 100% of
holes) and r.sub.50 (the radius of a circle with the centre in an
average point of the hit, containing 50% of holes), as well as in 3
months after the treatment.
1TABLE Quantity of In 3 Thickness Distance filing months The arm,
of covering Width From substance Reduction after Quantity (a belt)
of tip, in R.sub.100, treatment of shot, k *D belt, p** D
Revitalizant, Quantity % Reduction **** Cartride mm h mm mm grm/ml
of shot, *** r.sub.50, % R.sub.100/r.sub.50, TO399 0.01 D The The
0.12- 100 36.0 20.0 0/0 1000 whole whole 0.15 22LR bullet bullet up
to a up to a sleeve sleeve M16A1 0.01 D The The 0.12- 100 36.0 20.0
0/0 10000 whole whole 0.15 5.56 .times. 45 bullet bullet up to a up
to a sleeve sleeve CKC 0.02 D The The 0.05- 328 23.0 7.1 -- New
whole whole 0.07 7.62 .times. 39 bullet bullet up to a up to a
sleeve sleeve Tiger 0.03 D 1.7- 0.5 D 0.12- 375 17.8 44.5 -- 12000
1.8 0.15 7.62 .times. 54 KO-38 0.03 D 0.7- 0.3 D 0.12- 375 31.2 8.2
1.8/0 5000 0.9 0.15 7.62 .times. 54 Tiger 0.03 D 1.2- 0.7 D 0.12-
325 26.8 16.7 0/0 6000 1.3 0.15 7.62 .times. 54 *k = 0.01 - 0.03;
**p = 0.5 - 0.7; ***Reduction of the characteristics in % in
comparison with initial sizes; ****R.sub.100/r.sub.50 was defined
after a series of shots 3 .times. 10.
[0033] It is seen from the table, the application of
REVITALIZANT-XADO as an additional covering on a bullet surface,
allows fastening the process of leveling, smoothing of barrel
channels and to achieve improvement of close grouping of shooting
from 30 up to 44.5% and more, not changing or practically
insignificantly reducing (up to 0.8%) speed of a bullet. At
correct, according to the description and the maintenance
instruction, a leaving of the arm the regenerative effect may
progress and reach 60% on criterion of closer grouping of shooting
both at during storage, and at the further operation.
* * * * *