U.S. patent application number 10/258106 was filed with the patent office on 2004-01-29 for human kinases.
Invention is credited to Arvizu, Chandra S., Au-Young, Janice K., Bandman, Olga, Baughn, Mariah r., Borowsky, Mark L., Burford, Neil, Burrill, John D., Chawla, Narinder K., Elliott, Vicki S., Gandhi, Ammena R., Griffin, Jennifer A., Gururajan, Rajagopal, Hafalia, April J.A., Jackson, Jennifer L., Kearney, Liam, Khan, Farrah A., Lal, Preeti G., Lu, Dyung Aina M., Lu, Yan, Marcus, Gregory A., Nguyen, Danniel B., Policky, Jennifer L., Ramkumar, Jayalaxmi, Recipon, Shirley A., Tang, Y Tom, Thornton, Michael B., Tribouley, Catherine M., Walsh, Roderick T., Yao, Monique G., Yue, Henry, Zingler, Kurt A..
Application Number | 20040018185 10/258106 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 30770701 |
Filed Date | 2004-01-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040018185 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yue, Henry ; et al. |
January 29, 2004 |
Human kinases
Abstract
The invention provides human kinases (PKIN) and polynucleotides
which identify and encode PKIN. The invention also provides
expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and
antagonists. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing,
treating, or preventing disorders associated with aberrant
expression of PKIN.
Inventors: |
Yue, Henry; (Sunnyvale,
CA) ; Gandhi, Ammena R.; (San Francisco, CA) ;
Tribouley, Catherine M.; (San Francisco, CA) ;
Kearney, Liam; (San Francisco, CA) ; Griffin,
Jennifer A.; (Fremont, CA) ; Nguyen, Danniel B.;
(San Jose, CA) ; Bandman, Olga; (Mountain View,
CA) ; Lu, Dyung Aina M.; (San Jose, CA) ; Lal,
Preeti G.; (Santa Clara, CA) ; Burford, Neil;
(Durham, CT) ; Khan, Farrah A.; (Des Plaines,
IL) ; Chawla, Narinder K.; (Union City, CA) ;
Yao, Monique G.; (Carmel, IN) ; Arvizu, Chandra
S.; (San Jose, CA) ; Burrill, John D.;
(Redwood City, CA) ; Marcus, Gregory A.; (San
Carlos, CA) ; Zingler, Kurt A.; (San Francisco,
CA) ; Recipon, Shirley A.; (San Francisco, CA)
; Lu, Yan; (Mountain View, CA) ; Policky, Jennifer
L.; (San Jose, CA) ; Thornton, Michael B.;
(Oakland, CA) ; Tang, Y Tom; (San Jose, CA)
; Hafalia, April J.A.; (Daly City, CA) ; Elliott,
Vicki S.; (San Jose, CA) ; Baughn, Mariah r.;
(San Leandro, CA) ; Walsh, Roderick T.;
(Canterbury, GB) ; Ramkumar, Jayalaxmi; (Fremont,
CA) ; Borowsky, Mark L.; (Northampton, MA) ;
Au-Young, Janice K.; (Brisbane, CA) ; Jackson,
Jennifer L.; (Santa Cruz, CA) ; Gururajan,
Rajagopal; (San Jose, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
INCYTE CORPORATION (formerly known as Incyte
Genomics, Inc.)
3160 PORTER DRIVE
PALO ALTO
CA
94304
US
|
Family ID: |
30770701 |
Appl. No.: |
10/258106 |
Filed: |
May 19, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
April 20, 2001 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US01/12992 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/94.5 ;
435/194; 435/320.1; 435/325; 435/6.16; 435/69.1; 536/23.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07H 21/04 20130101;
C12N 9/12 20130101; A61K 38/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/94.5 ; 435/6;
435/69.1; 435/194; 435/320.1; 435/325; 536/23.2 |
International
Class: |
A61K 038/45; C12Q
001/68; C07H 021/04; C12N 009/12 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An isolated polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from
the group consisting of SEQID NO:1-18, b) a naturally occurring
polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90%
identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:2-18, c) a naturally occurring polypeptide
comprising an amino acid sequence at least 98% identical to an
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, d) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and e) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
2. An isolated polypeptide of claim 1 selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
3. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim
1.
4. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim
2.
5. An isolated polynucleotide of claim 4 selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36.
6. A recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence
operably linked to a polynucleotide of claim 3.
7. A cell transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide of claim
6.
8. A transgenic organism comprising a recombinant polynucleotide of
claim 6.
9. A method for producing a polypeptide of claim 1, the method
comprising: a) culturing a cell under conditions suitable for
expression of the polypeptide, wherein said cell is transformed
with a recombinant polynucleotide, and said recombinant
polynucleotide comprises a promoter sequence operably linked to a
polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of claim 1, and b)
recovering the polypeptide so expressed.
10. An isolated antibody which specifically binds to a polypeptide
of claim 1.
11. An isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting
of: a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, b) a
naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:20-36, c) a
naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence at least 98% identical to the polynucleotide sequence of
SEQ ID NO:19, d) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide
of a), e) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide of b),
f) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide of c), and g)
an RNA equivalent of a)-f).
12. An isolated polynucleotide comprising at least 60 contiguous
nucleotides of a polynucleotide of claim 11.
13. A method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample,
said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of
claim 11, the method comprising: a) hybridizing the sample with a
probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides comprising a
sequence complementary to said target polynucleotide in the sample,
and which probe specifically hybridizes to said target
polynucleotide, under conditions whereby a hybridization complex is
formed between said probe and said target polynucleotide or
fragments thereof, and b) detecting the presence or absence of said
hybridization complex, and, optionally, if present, the amount
thereof.
14. A method of claim 13, wherein the probe comprises at least 60
contiguous nucleotides.
15. A method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample,
said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of
claim 11, the method comprising: a) amplifying said target
polynucleotide or fragment thereof using polymerase chain reaction
amplification, and b) detecting the presence or absence of said
amplified target polynucleotide or fragment thereof, and,
optionally, if present, the amount thereof.
16. A composition comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 and a
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
17. A composition of claim 16, wherein the polypeptide has an amino
acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18.
18. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with
decreased expression of functional PKIN, comprising administering
to a patient in need of such treatment the composition of claim
16.
19. A method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an
agonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising: a)
exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 to a
compound, and b) detecting agonist activity in the sample.
20. A composition comprising an agonist compound identified by a
method of claim 19 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
21. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with
decreased expression of functional PKIN, comprising administering
to a patient in need of such treatment a composition of claim
20.
22. A method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an
antagonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising: a)
exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 to a
compound, and b) detecting antagonist activity in the sample.
23. A composition comprising an antagonist compound identified by a
method of claim 22 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
24. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with
overexpression of functional PKIN, comprising administering to a
patient in need of such treatment a composition of claim 23.
25. A method of screening for a compound that specifically binds to
the polypeptide of claim 1, said method comprising the steps of: a)
combining the polypeptide of claim 1 with at least one test
compound under suitable conditions, and b) detecting binding of the
polypeptide of claim 1 to the test compound, thereby identifying a
compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1.
26. A method of screening for a compound that modulates the
activity of the polypeptide of claim 1, said method comprising: a)
combining the polypeptide of claim 1 with at least one test
compound under conditions permissive for the activity of the
polypeptide of claim 1, b) assessing the activity of the
polypeptide of claim 1 in the presence of the test compound, and c)
comparing the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the
presence of the test compound with the activity of the polypeptide
of claim 1 in the absence of the test compound, wherein a change in
the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the presence of the
test compound is indicative of a compound that modulates the
activity of the polypeptide of claim 1.
27. A method for screening a compound for effectiveness in altering
expression of a target polynucleotide, wherein said target
polynucleotide comprises a sequence of claim 5, the method
comprising: a) exposing a sample comprising the target
polynucleotide to a compound, under conditions suitable for the
expression of the target polynucleotide, b) detecting altered
expression of the target polynucleotide, and c) comparing the
expression of the target polynucleotide in the presence of varying
amounts of the compound and in the absence of the compound.
28. A method for assessing toxicity of a test compound, said method
comprising: a) treating a biological sample containing nucleic
acids with the test compound; b) hybridizing the nucleic acids of
the treated biological sample with a probe comprising at least 20
contiguous nucleotides of a polynucleotide of claim 11 under
conditions whereby a specific hybridization complex is formed
between said probe and a target polynucleotide in the biological
sample, said target polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 11 or fragment thereof; c)
quantifying the amount of hybridization complex; and d) comparing
the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological
sample with the amount of hybridization complex in an untreated
biological sample, wherein a difference in the amount of
hybridization complex in the treated biological sample is
indicative of toxicity of the test compound.
29. A diagnostic test for a condition or disease associated with
the expression of PKIN in a biological sample comprising the steps
of: a) combining the biological sample with an antibody of claim
10, under conditions suitable for the antibody to bind the
polypeptide and form an antibody:polypeptide complex; and b)
detecting the complex, wherein the presence of the complex
correlates with the presence of the polypeptide in the biological
sample.
30. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is: a) a
chimeric antibody, b) a single chain antibody, c) a Fab fragment,
d) a F(ab').sub.2 fragment, or e) a humanized antibody.
31. A composition comprising an antibody of claim 10 and an
acceptable excipient.
32. A method of diagnosing a condition or disease associated with
the expression of PKN in a subject, comprising administering to
said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim
31.
33. A composition of claim 31, wherein the antibody is labeled.
34. A method of diagnosing a condition or disease associated with
the expression of PKIN in a subject, comprising administering to
said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim
33.
35. A method of preparing a polyclonal antibody with the
specificity of the antibody of claim 10 comprising: a) immunizing
an animal with a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, or an immunogenic
fragment thereof, under conditions to elicit an antibody response;
b) isolating antibodies from said animal; and c) screening the
isolated antibodies with the polypeptide, thereby identifying a
polyclonal antibody which binds specifically to a polypeptide
having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of
SEQ ID NO:1-18.
36. An antibody produced by a method of claim 35.
37. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 36 and a
suitable carrier.
38. A method of making a monoclonal antibody with the specificity
of the antibody of claim comprising: a) immunizing an animal with a
polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, or an immunogenic fragment thereof,
under conditions to elicit an antibody response; b) isolating
antibody producing cells from the animal; c) fusing the antibody
producing cells with immortalized cells to form monoclonal
antibody-producing hybridoma cells; d) culturing the hybridoma
cells; and e) isolating from the culture monoclonal antibody which
binds specifically to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
39. A monoclonal antibody produced by a method of claim 38.
40. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 39 and a
suitable carrier.
41. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is produced by
screening a Fab expression library.
42. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is produced by
screening a recombinant immunoglobulin library.
43. A method for detecting a polypeptide having an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18 in a
sample, comprising the steps of: a) incubating the antibody of
claim 10 with a sample under conditions to allow specific binding
of the antibody and the polypeptide; and b) detecting specific
binding, wherein specific binding indicates the presence of a
polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18 in the sample.
44. A method of purifying a polypeptide having an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18 from
a sample, the method comprising: a) incubating the antibody of
claim 10 with a sample under conditions to allow specific binding
of the antibody and the polypeptide; and b) separating the antibody
from the sample and obtaining the purified polypeptide having an
amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18.
45. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:1.
46. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:2.
47. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:3.
48. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:4.
49. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:5.
50. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:6.
51. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:7.
52. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:8.
53. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:9.
54. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:10.
55. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:11.
56. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:12.
57. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:13.
58. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:14.
59. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:15.
60. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:16.
61. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:17.
62. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO:18.
63. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:19.
64. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
65. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:21.
66. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:22.
67. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:23.
68. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
69. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
70. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
71. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
72. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
73. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
74. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:30.
75. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
76. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:32.
77. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:33.
78. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:34.
79. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
80. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO:36.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to nucleic acid and amino acid
sequences of human kinases and to the use of these sequences in the
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer, immune disorders,
disorders affecting growth and development, cardiovascular
diseases, and lipid disorders, and in the assessment of the effects
of exogenous compounds on the expression of nucleic acid and amino
acid sequences of human kinases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Kinases comprise the largest known enzyme superfamily and
vary widely in their target molecules. Kinases catalyze the
transfer of high energy phosphate groups from a phosphate donor to
a phosphate acceptor. Nucleotides usually serve as the phosphate
donor in these reactions, with most kinases utilizing adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). The phosphate acceptor can be any of a variety
of molecules, including nucleosides, nucleotides, lipids,
carbohydrates, and proteins. Proteins are phosphorylated on
hydroxyamino acids. Addition of a phosphate group alters the local
charge on the acceptor molecule, causing internal conformational
changes and potentially influencing intermolecular contacts.
Reversible protein phosphorylation is the primary method for
regulating protein activity in eukaryotic cells. In general,
proteins are activated by phosphorylation in response to
extracellular signals such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and
growth and differentiation factors. The activated proteins initiate
the cell's intracellular response by way of intracellular signaling
pathways and second messenger molecules such as cyclic nucleotides,
calcium-calmodulin, inositol, and various mitogens, that regulate
protein phosphorylation.
[0003] Kinases are involved in all aspects of a cell's function,
from basic metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, to cell-cycle
regulation, differentiation, and communication with the
extracellular environment through signal transduction cascades.
Inappropriate phosphorylation of proteins in cells has been linked
to changes in cell cycle progression and cell differentiation.
Changes in the cell cycle have been linked to induction of
apoptosis or cancer. Changes in cell differentiation have been
linked to diseases and disorders of the reproductive system, immune
system, and skeletal muscle.
[0004] There are two classes of protein kinases. One class, protein
tyrosine kinases (PTKs), phosphorylates tyrosine residues, and the
other class, protein serine/threonine kinases (STKs),
phosphorylates serine and threonine residues. Some PTKs and STKs
possess structural characteristics of both families and have dual
specificity for both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. Almost
all kinases contain a conserved 250-300 amino acid catalytic domain
containing specific residues and sequence motifs characteristic of
the kinase family. The protein kinase catalytic domain can be
further divided into 11 subdomains. N-terminal subdomains I-IV fold
into a two-lobed structure which binds and orients the ATP donor
molecule, and subdomain V spans the two lobes. C-terminal
subdomains VI-XI bind the protein substrate and transfer the gamma
phosphate from ATP to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine, serine, or
threonine residue. Each of the II subdomains contains specific
catalytic residues or amino acid motifs characteristic of that
subdomain. For example, subdomain I contains an 8-amino acid
glycine-rich ATP binding consensus motif, subdomain II contains a
critical lysine residue required for maximal catalytic activity,
and subdomains VI through IX comprise the highly conserved
catalytic core. PTKs and STKs also contain distinct sequence motifs
in subdomains VI and VIII which may confer hydroxyamino acid
specificity.
[0005] In addition, kinases may also be classified by additional
amino acid sequences, generally between 5 and 100 residues, which
either flank or occur within the kinase domain. These additional
amino acid sequences regulate kinase activity and determine
substrate specificity. (Reviewed in Hardie, G. and S. Hanks (1995)
The Protein Kinase Facts Book, Vol I, pp. 17-20 Academic Press, San
Diego Calif.). In particular, two protein kinase signature
sequences have been identified in the kinase domain, the first
containing an active site lysine residue involved in ATP binding,
and the second containing an aspartate residue important for
catalytic activity. If a protein analyzed includes the two protein
kinase signatures, the probability of that protein being a protein
kinase is close to 100% (PROSRM: PDOC00100, November 1995).
[0006] Protein Tyrosine Kinases
[0007] Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) may be classified as either
transmembrane, receptor PTKs or nontransmembrane, nonreceptor PTK
proteins. Transmembrane tyrosine kinases function as receptors for
most growth factors. Growth factors bind to the receptor tyrosine
kinase (RTK), which causes the receptor to phosphorylate itself
(autophosphorylation) and specific intracellular second messenger
proteins. Growth factors (GF) that associate with receptor PTKs
include epidermal GF, platelet-derived GF, fibroblast GF,
hepatocyte GF, insulin and insulinike GFs, nerve GF, vascular
endothelial GF, and macrophage colony stimulating factor.
[0008] Nontransmembrane, nonreceptor PTKs lack transmembrane
regions and, instead, form signaling complexes with the cytosolic
domains of plasma membrane receptors. Receptors that function
through non-receptor PTKs include those for cytokines and hormones
(growth hormone and prolactin), and antigen-specific receptors on T
and B lymphocytes.
[0009] Many PTKs were first identified as oncogene products in
cancer cells in which PTK activation was no longer subject to
normal cellular controls. In fact, about one third of the known
oncogenes encode PTKs. Furthermore, cellular transformation
(oncogenesis) is often accompanied by increased tyrosine
phosphorylation activity (Charbonneau, H. and N. K. Tonks (1992)
Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8:463493). Regulation of PTK activity may
therefore be an important strategy in controlling some types of
cancer.
[0010] Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases
[0011] Protein serine/threonine kinases (STKs) are nontransmembrane
proteins. A subclass of STKs are known as ERKs (extracellular
signal regulated kinases) or MAPs (mitogen-activated protein
kinases) and are activated after cell stimulation by a variety of
hormones and growth factors. Cell stimulation induces a signaling
cascade leading to phosphorylation of MEK (MAPf/ERK kinase) which,
in turn, activates ERK via serine and threonine phosphorylation. A
varied number of proteins represent the downstream effectors for
the active ERK and implicate it in the control of cell
proliferation and differentiation, as well as regulation of the
cytoskeleton. Activation of ERK is normally transient, and cells
possess dual specificity phosphatases that are responsible for its
down-regulation. Also, numerous studies have shown that elevated
ERK activity is associated with some cancers. Other STKs include
the second messenger dependent protein kinases such as the
cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinases (PKA), calcium-calmodulin
(CaM) dependent protein kinases, and the mitogen-activated protein
kinases (MAP); the cyclin-dependent protein linases; checkpoint and
cell cycle kinases; Numb-associated kinase (Nak); human Fused
(hFu); proliferation-related kinases; 5'-AMP-activated protein
kinases; and kinases involved in apoptosis.
[0012] The second messenger dependent protein kinases primarily
mediate the effects of second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP),
cyclic GMP, inositol triphosphate, phosphatidylinositol,
3,4,5-triphosphate, cyclic ADP ribose, arachidonic acid,
diacylglycerol and calcium-calmodulin. The PKAs are involved in
mediating hormone-induced cellular responses and are activated by
cAMP produced within the cell in response to hormone stimulation.
cAMP is an intracellular mediator of hormone action in all animal
cells that have been studied. Hormone-induced cellular responses
include thyroid hormone secretion, cortisol secretion, progesterone
secretion, glycogen breakdown, bone resorption, and regulation of
heart rate and force of heart muscle contraction. PKA is found in
all animal cells and is thought to account for the effects of cAMP
in most of these cells. Altered PKA expression is implicated in a
variety of disorders and diseases including cancer, thyroid
disorders, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease
(Isselbacher, K. J. et al. (1994) Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, McGraw-Hill, New York N.Y., pp. 416-431, 1887).
[0013] The casein kinase I (CKI) gene family is another subfamily
of serine/threonine protein kinases. This continuously expanding
group of kinases have been implicated in the regulation of numerous
cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including cell metabolism, and
DNA replication and repair. CKI enzymes are present in the
membranes, nucleus, cytoplasm and cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells,
and on the mitotic spindles of mammalian cells (Fish, K. J. et al.
(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:14875-14883).
[0014] The CKI family members all have a short amino-terminal
domain of 9-76 amino acids, a highly conserved kinase domain of 284
amino acids, and a variable carboxyl-terminal domain that ranges
from 24 to over 200 amino acids in length (Cegielska, A. et al.
(1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:1357-1364). The CKI family is comprised
of highly related proteins, as seen by the identification of
isoforms of casein kinase I from a variety of sources. There are at
least five mammalian isoforms, .alpha., .beta., .gamma., .delta.,
and .epsilon.. Fish et al., identified CKI-epsilon from a human
placenta cDNA library. It is a basic protein of 416 amino acids and
is closest to CKI-delta. Through recombinant expression, it was
determined to phosphorylate known CKI substrates and was inhibited
by the CKI-specific inhibitor CKI-7. The human gene for CKI-epsilon
was able to rescue yeast with a slow-growth phenotype caused by
deletion of the yeast CKI locus, HRR250 (Fish et al., supra).
[0015] The mammalian circadian mutation tau was found to be a
semidominant autosomal allele of CKI-epsilon that markedly shortens
period length of circadian rhythms in Syrian hamsters. The tau
locus is encoded by casein kinase I-epsilon, which is also a
homolog of the Drosophila circadian gene double-time. Studies of
both the wildtype and tau mutant CKI-epsilon enzyme indicated that
the mutant enzyme has a noticeable reduction in the maximum
velocity and autophosphorylation state. Further, in vitro,
CKI-epsilon is able to interact with mammalian PERIOD proteins,
while the mutant enzyme is deficient in its ability to
phosphorylate PERIOD. Lowrey et al., have proposed that CKI-epsilon
plays a major role in delaying the negative feedback signal within
the transcription-translation-based autoregulatory loop that
composes the core of the circadian mechanism. Therefore the
CKI-epsilon enzyme is an ideal target for pharmaceutical compounds
influencing circadian rhythms, jet-lag and sleep, in addition to
other physiologic and metabolic processes under circadian
regulation (Lowrey, P. L. et al. (2000) Science 288:483491).
[0016] Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HWKs) are
serine/threonine kinases and novel members of the DYRK kinase
subfamily (Hofmann, T. G. et al., (2000) Biochimie 82:1123-7).
HIPKs contain a conserved protein kinase domain separated from a
domain that interacts with homeoproteins. HIPKs are nuclear
kinases, and HIPK2 is highly expressed in neuronal tissue (Kim, Y.
H. et al., (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:25875-9; Wang, Y. et al.,
(2001) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518:168-172). HIPKs act as
corepressors for homeodomian transcription factors. This
corepressor activity is seen in posttranslational modifications
such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, each are important in
the regulation of cellular protein function (Kim, Y. H. et al.,
(1999) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:123505).
[0017] Calcium-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinases
[0018] Calcium-calmodulin dependent (CaM) kinases are involved in
regulation of smooth muscle contraction, glycogen breakdown
(phosphorylase kinase), and neurotransmission (CaM kinase I and CaM
kinase II). CaM dependent protein kinases are activated by
calmodulin, an intracellular calcium receptor, in response to the
concentration of free calcium in the cell. Many CaM kinases are
also activated by phosphorylation. Some CaM kinases are also
activated by autophosphorylation or by other regulatory kinases.
CaM kinase I phosphorylates a variety of substrates including the
neurotransmitter-related proteins synapsin I and II, the gene
transcription regulator, CREB, and the cystic fibrosis conductance
regulator protein, CFIR (Haribabu, B. et al. (1995) EMBO J.
14:3679-3686). CaM kinase II also phosphorylates synapsin at
different sites and controls the synthesis of catecholamines in the
brain through phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine
hydroxylase. CaM kinase II controls the synthesis of catecholamines
and seratonin, through phosphorylation/activation of tyrosine
hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase, respectively (Fujisawa, H.
(1990) BioEssays 12:27-29). The mRNA encoding a calmodulin-binding
protein kinase-like protein was found to be enriched in mammalian
forebrain. This protein is associated with vesicles in both axons
and dendrites and accumulates largely postnatally. The amino acid
sequence of this protein is similar to CaM-dependent STKs, and the
protein binds calmodulin in the presence of calcium (Godbout, M. et
al. (1994) J. Neurosci. 14:1-13).
[0019] Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
[0020] The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP) which mediate
signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus via
phosphorylation cascades are another STK family that regulates
intracellular signaling pathways. Several subgroups have been
identified, and each manifests different substrate specificities
and responds to distinct extracellular stimuli (Egan, S. E. and R.
A. Weinberg (1993) Nature 365:781-783). MAP kinase signaling
pathways are present in mammalian cells as well as in yeast. The
extracellular stimuli which activate MAP kinase pathways include
epidermal growth factor (EGF), ultraviolet light, hyperosmolar
medium, heat shock, endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and
pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and
interleukin-1 (IL-1). Altered MAP kinase expression is implicated
in a variety of disease conditions including cancer, inflammation,
immune disorders, and disorders affecting growth and
development.
[0021] Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases
[0022] The cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are STKs that
control the progression of cells through the cell cycle. The entry
and exit of a cell from mitosis are regulated by the synthesis and
destruction of a family of activating proteins called cyclins.
Cyclins are small regulatory proteins that bind to and activate
CDKs, which then phosphorylate and activate selected proteins
involved in the mitotic process. CDKs are unique in that they
require multiple inputs to become activated. In addition to cyclin
binding, CDK activation requires the phosphorylation of a specific
threonine residue and the dephosphorylation of a specific tyrosine
residue on the CDK.
[0023] Another family of STKs associated with the cell cycle are
the NIMA (never in mitosis)-related kinases (Neks). Both CDKs and
Neks are involved in duplication, maturation, and separation of the
microtubule organizing center, the centrosome, in animal cells
(Fry, A. M. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17:470481).
[0024] Checkpoint and Cell Cycle Kinases
[0025] In the process of cell division, the order and timing of
cell cycle transitions are under control of cell cycle checkpoints,
which ensure that critical events such as DNA replication and
chromosome segregation are carried out with precision. If DNA is
damaged, e.g. by radiation, a checkpoint pathway is activated that
arrests the cell cycle to provide time for repair. If the damage is
extensive, apoptosis is induced. In the absence of such
checkpoints, the damaged DNA is inherited by aberrant cells which
may cause proliferative disorders such as cancer. Protein kinases
play an important role in this process. For example, a specific
kinase, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), has been identified in yeast
and mammals, and is activated by DNA damage in yeast. Activation of
Chk1 leads to the arrest of the cell at the G2/A transition
(Sanchez, Y. et al. (1997) Science 277:1497-1501). Specifically,
Chk1 phosphorylates the cell division cycle phosphatase CDC25,
inhibiting its normal function which is to dephosphorylate and
activate the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. Cdc2 activation controls
the entry of cells into mitosis (Peng, C. -Y. et al. (1997) Science
277:1501-1505). Thus, activation of Chk1 prevents the damaged cell
from entering mitosis. A similar deficiency in a checkpoint kinase,
such as Chk1, may also contribute to cancer by failure to arrest
cells with damaged DNA at other checkpoints such as G2/M.
[0026] Proliferation-Related Kinases
[0027] Proliferation-related kinase is a serum/cytokine inducible
STK that is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell
proliferation in human megakarocytic cells (Li, B. et al. (1996) J.
Biol. Chem. 271:19402-19408). Proliferation-related kinase is
related to the polo (derived from Drosophila polo gene) family of
STKs implicated in cell division. Proliferation-related kinase is
downregulated in lung tumor tissue and may be a proto-oncogene
whose deregulated expression in normal tissue leads to oncogenic
transformation.
[0028] 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
[0029] A ligand-activated STK protein kinase is 5'-AMP-activated
protein kinase (AMPK) (Gao, G. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem.
271:8675-8681). Mammalian AMPK is a regulator of fatty acid and
sterol synthesis through phosphorylation of the enzymes acetyl-CoA
carboxylase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and mediates
responses of these pathways to cellular stresses such as heat shock
and depletion of glucose and ATP. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex
comprised of a catalytic alpha subunit and two non-catalytic beta
and gamma subunits that are believed to regulate the activity of
the alpha subunit. Subunits of AMPK have a much wider distribution
in non-lipogenic tissues such as brain, heart, spleen, and lung
than expected. This distribution suggests that its role may extend
beyond regulation of lipid metabolism alone.
[0030] Kinases in Apoptosis
[0031] Apoptosis is a highly regulated signaling pathway leading to
cell death that plays a crucial role in tissue development and
homeostasis. Deregulation of this process is associated with the
pathogenesis of a number of diseases including autoimmune disease,
neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Various STKs play key
roles in this process. ZIP kinase is an STK containing a C-terminal
leucine zipper domain in addition to its N-terminal protein kinase
domain. This C-terminal domain appears to mediate homodimerization
and activation of the kinase as well as interactions with
transcription factors such as activating transcription factor,
ATF4, a member of the cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein
(AT/CREB) family of transcriptional factors (Sanjo, H. et al.
(1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:29066-29071). DRAK1 and DRAK2 are STKs
that share homology with the death-associated protein kinases (DAP
kinases), known to function in interferon-.gamma. induced apoptosis
(Sanjo et al., supra). Like ZIP kinase, DAP kinases contain a
C-terminal protein-protein interaction domain, in the form of
ankyrin repeats, in addition to the N-terminal kinase domain. ZIP,
DAP, and DRAK kinases induce morphological changes associated with
apoptosis when transfected into NIH3T3 cells (Sanjo et al., supra).
However, deletion of either the N-terminal kinase catalytic domain
or the C-terminal domain of these proteins abolishes apoptosis
activity, indicating that in addition to the kinase activity,
activity in the C-terminal domain is also necessary for apoptosis,
possibly as an interacting domain with a regulator or a specific
substrate.
[0032] RICK is another STK recently identified as mediating a
specific apoptotic pathway involving the death receptor, CD95
(Inohara, N. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:12296-12300). CD95 is
a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and
plays a critical role in the regulation and homeostasis of the
immune system (Nagata, S. (1997) Cell 88:355-365). The CD95
receptor signaling pathway involves recruitment of various
intracellular molecules to a receptor complex following ligand
binding. This process includes recruitment of the cysteine protease
caspase-8 which, in turn, activates a caspase cascade leading to
cell death. RICK is composed of an N-terminal kinase catalytic
domain and a C-terminal "caspase-recruitment" domain that interacts
with caspase-like domains, indicating that RICK plays a role in the
recruitment of caspase-8. This interpretation is supported by the
fact that the expression of RICK in human 293T cells promotes
activation of caspase-8 and potentiates the induction of apoptosis
by various proteins involved in the CD95 apoptosis pathway (Inohara
et al., supra).
[0033] Mitochondrial Protein Kinases
[0034] A novel class of eukaryotic kinases, related by sequence to
prokaryotic histidine protein kinases, are the mitochondrial
protein kinases (MPKs) which seem to have no sequence similarity
with other eukaryotic protein kinases. These protein kinases are
located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix space and may have
evolved from genes originally present in respiration-dependent
bacteria which were endocytosed by primitive eukaryotic cells. MPKs
are responsible for phospborylation and inactivation of the
branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and pyruvate
dehydrogenase complexes (Harris, R. A. et al. (1995) Adv. Enzyme
Regul. 34:147-162). Five MPKs have been identified. Four members
correspond to pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozymes, regulating
the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is an
important regulatory enzyme at the interface between glycolysis and
the citric acid cycle. The fifth member corresponds to a
branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, important in
the regulation of the pathway for the disposal of branched-chain
amino acids. (Harris, R. A. et al. (1997) Adv. Enzyme Regul.
37:271-293). Both starvation and the diabetic state are known to
result in a great increase in the activity of the pyruvate
dehydrogenase kinase in the liver, heart and muscle of the rat.
This increase contributes in both disease states to the
phosphorylation and inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex and conservation of pyruvate and lactate for
gluconeogenesis (Harris (1995) supra).
[0035] Kinases with Non-Protein Substrates
[0036] Lipid and Inositol kinases
[0037] Lipid kinases phosphorylate hydroxyl residues on lipid head
groups. A family of kinases involved in phosphorylation of
phosphatidylinositol (PI) has been described, each member
phosphorylating a specific carbon on the inositol ring (Leevers, S.
J. et al. (1999) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 11:219-225). The
phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol is involved in activation
of the protein kinase C signaling pathway. The inositol
phospholipids (phosphoinositides) intracellular signaling pathway
begins with binding of a signaling molecule to a G-protein linked
receptor in the plasma membrane. This leads to the phosphorylation
of phosphatidylinositol (PI) residues on the inner side of the
plasma membrane by inositol kinases, thus converting PI residues to
the biphosphate state (PIP.sub.2). PIP.sub.2 is then cleaved into
inositol triphosphate (IP.sub.3) and diacylglycerol. These two
products act as mediators for separate signaling pathways. Cellular
responses that are mediated by these pathways are glycogen
breakdown in the liver in response to vasopressin, smooth muscle
contraction in response to acetylcholine, and thrombin-induced
platelet aggregation.
[0038] PI 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates the D3 position of
PI and its derivatives, has a central role in growth factor signal
cascades involved in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism.
PI3K is a heterodimer consisting of an adapter subunit and a
catalytic subunit. The adapter subunit acts as a scaffolding
protein, interacting with specific tyrosine-phosphorylated
proteins, lipid moieties, and other cytosolic factors. When the
adapter subunit binds tyrosine phosphorylated targets, such as the
insulin responsive substrate (IRS)-1, the catalytic subunit is
activated and converts PI (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP.sub.2) to PI
(3,4,5) P.sub.3 (PIP.sub.3). PIP.sub.3 then activates a number of
other proteins, including PKA, protein kinase B (PKB), protein
kinase C (PKC), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, and p70 ribosomal
s6 kinase. PI3K also interacts directly with the cytoskeletal
organizing proteins, Rac, rho, and cdc42 (Shepherd, P. R. et al.
(1998) Biochem. J. 333:471490). Animal models for diabetes, such as
obese and fat mice, have altered PI3K adapter subunit levels.
Specific mutations in the adapter subunit have also been found in
an insulin-resistant Danish population, suggesting a role for PI3K
in type-2 diabetes (Shepard, supra).
[0039] An example of lipid kinase phosphorylation activity is the
phosphorylation of D-erythro-sphingosine to the sphingolipid
metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP). SPP has emerged as a
novel lipid second-messenger with both extracellular and
intracellular actions (Kohama, T. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem.
273:23722-23728). Extracellularly, SPP is a ligand for the
G-protein coupled receptor EDG-1 (endothelial-derived, G-protein
coupled receptor). Intracellularly, SPP regulates cell growth,
survival, motility, and cytoskeletal changes. SPP levels are
regulated by sphingosine kinases that specifically phosphorylate
D-erythro-sphingosine to SPP. The importance of sphingosine kinase
in cell signaling is indicated by the fact that various stimuli,
including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth
factor, and activation of protein kinase C, increase cellular
levels of SPP by activation of sphingosine kinase, and the fact
that competitive inhibitors of the enzyme selectively inhibit cell
proliferation induced by PDGF (Kohama et al., supra).
[0040] Purine Nucleotide Kinases
[0041] The purine nucleotide kinases, adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP
phosphotransferase, or AdK) and guanylate kinase (ATP:GMP
phosphotransferase, or GuK) play a key role in nucleotide
metabolism and are crucial to the synthesis and regulation of
cellular levels of ATP and GTP, respectively. These two molecules
are precursors in DNA and RNA synthesis in growing cells and
provide the primary source of biochemical energy in cells (ATP),
and signal transduction pathways (GTP). Inhibition of various steps
in the synthesis of these two molecules has been the basis of many
antiproliferative drugs for cancer and antiviral therapy (Pillwein,
K. et al. (1990) Cancer Res. 50:1576-1579).
[0042] AdK is found in almost all cell types and is especially
abundant in cells having high rates of ATP synthesis and
utilization such as skeletal muscle. In these cells AdK is
physically associated with mitochondria and myofibrils, the
subcellular structures that are involved in energy production and
utilization, respectively. Recent studies have demonstrated a major
function for AdK in transferring high energy phosphoryls from
metabolic processes generating ATP to cellular components consuming
ATP (Zeleznikar, R. J. et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:7311-7319).
Thus AdK may have a pivotal role in maintaining energy production
in cells, particularly those having a high rate of growth or
metabolism such as cancer cells, and may provide a target for
suppression of its activity to treat certain cancers.
Alternatively, reduced AdK activity may be a source of various
metabolic, muscle-energy disorders that can result in cardiac or
respiratory failure and may be treatable by increasing AdK
activity.
[0043] GuK, in addition to providing a key step in the synthesis of
GTP for RNA and DNA synthesis, also fulfills an essential function
in signal transduction pathways of cells through the regulation of
GDP and GTP. Specifically, GTP binding to membrane associated G
proteins mediates the activation of cell receptors, subsequent
intracellular activation of adenyl cyclase, and production of the
second messenger, cyclic AMP. GDP binding to G proteins inhibits
these processes. GDP and GTP levels also control the activity of
certain oncogenic proteins such as p21.sup.ras known to be involved
in control of cell proliferation and oncogenesis (Bos, J. L. (1989)
Cancer Res. 49:46824689). High ratios of GTP:GDP caused by
suppression of GuK cause activation of p21.sup.ras and promote
oncogenesis. Increasing GuK activity to increase levels of GDP and
reduce the GTP:GDP ratio may provide a therapeutic strategy to
reverse oncogenesis.
[0044] GuK is an important enzyme in the phosphorylation and
activation of certain antiviral drugs useful in the treatment of
herpes virus infections. These drugs include the guanine homologs
acyclovir and buciclovir (Miller, W. H. and R. L. Miller (1980) J.
Biol. Chem. 255:7204-7207; Stenberg, K. et al. (1986) J. Biol.
Chem. 261:2134-2139). Increasing GuK activity in infected cells may
provide a therapeutic strategy for augmenting the effectiveness of
these drugs and possibly for reducing the necessary dosages of the
drugs.
[0045] Pyrimidine Kinases
[0046] The pyrimidine kinases are deoxycytidine kinase and
thymidine kinase 1 and 2. Deoxycytidine kinase is located in the
nucleus, and thymidine kinase 1 and 2 are found in the cytosol
(Johansson, M. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
94:11941-11945). Phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleosides by
pyrimidine kinases provides an alternative pathway for de novo
synthesis of DNA precursors. The role of pyrimidine kinases, like
purine kinases, in phosphorylation is critical to the activation of
several chemotherapeutically important nucleoside analogues (Arner
E. S. and S. Eriksson (1995) Pharmacol. Ther. 67:155-186).
[0047] The discovery of new human kinases and the polynucleotides
encoding them satisfies a need in the art by providing new
compositions which are useful in the diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of cancer, immune disorders, disorders affecting growth
and development, cardiovascular diseases, and lipid disorders, and
in the assessment of the effects of exogenous compounds on the
expression of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of human
kinases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVNTION
[0048] The invention features purified polypeptides, human kinases,
referred to collectively as "PKIN" and individually as "PKIN-1,"
"PKIN-2," "PKIN-3," "PKIN-4," "PKIN-5," "PKIN-6," "PKN-7,"
"PKIN-8," "PKIN-9," "PKIN-10," "PKIN-11," "PKIN-12," "PKI-13,"
"PKIN-14," "PKIN-15," "PKIN-16," "PKIN-17," and "PKIN-18." In one
aspect, the invention provides an isolated polypeptide selected
from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino
acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18,
b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid
sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically
active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an
immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. In one
alternative, the invention provides an isolated polypeptide
comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
[0049] The invention further provides an isolated polynucleotide
encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a
polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a naturally occurring
polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90%
identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active fragment of
a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a
polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. In one alternative, the
polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. In another alternative, the
polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:19-36.
[0050] Additionally, the invention provides a recombinant
polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a
polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group
consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a
naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. In one alternative,
the invention provides a cell transformed with the recombinant
polynucleotide. In another alternative, the invention provides a
transgenic organism comprising the recombinant polynucleotide.
[0051] The invention also provides a method for producing a
polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide
comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide
comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an
amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having
an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an
amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18. The method comprises a) culturing a cell under conditions
suitable for expression of the polypeptide, wherein said cell is
transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter
sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the
polypeptide, and b) recovering the polypeptide so expressed.
[0052] Additionally, the invention provides an isolated antibody
which specifically binds to a polypeptide selected from the group
consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a
naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
[0053] The invention further provides an isolated polynucleotide
selected from the group consisting of a) a polynucleotide
comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, b) a naturally occurring
polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90%
identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, c) a polynucleotide complementary to
the polynucleotide of a), d) a polynucleotide complementary to the
polynucleotide of b), and e) an RNA equivalent of a)-d). In one
alternative, the polynucleotide comprises at least 60 contiguous
nucleotides.
[0054] Additionally, the invention provides a method for detecting
a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide
having a sequence of a polynucleotide selected from the group
consisting of a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ E) NO:19-36, b)
a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, c) a
polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of a), d) a
polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an
RNA equivalent of a)-d). The method comprises a) hybridizing the
sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides
comprising a sequence complementary to said target polynucleotide
in the sample, and which probe specifically hybridizes to said
target polynucleotide, under conditions whereby a hybridization
complex is formed between said probe and said target polynucleotide
or fragments thereof, and b) detecting the presence or absence of
said hybridization complex, and optionally, if present, the amount
thereof. In one alternative, the probe comprises at least 60
contiguous nucleotides.
[0055] The invention further provides a method for detecting a
target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide
having a sequence of a polynucleotide selected from the group
consisting of a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, b)
a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide
sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, c) a
polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of a), d) a
polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an
RNA equivalent of a)-d). The method comprises a) amplifying said
target polynucleotide or fragment thereof using polymerase chain
reaction amplification, and b) detecting the presence or absence of
said amplified target polynucleotide or fragment thereof, and,
optionally, if present, the amount thereof.
[0056] The invention further provides a composition comprising an
effective amount of a polypeptide selected from the group
consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a
naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient. In one embodiment, the composition comprises
an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18. The invention additionally provides a method of treating a
disease or condition associated with decreased expression of
functional PKIN, comprising administering to a patient in need of
such treatment the composition.
[0057] The invention also provides a method for screening a
compound for effectiveness as an agonist of a polypeptide selected
from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino
acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18,
b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid
sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically
active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an
immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. The method
comprises a) exposing a sample comprising the polypeptide to a
compound, and b) detecting agonist activity in the sample. In one
alternative, the invention provides a composition comprising an
agonist compound identified by the method and a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient. In another alternative, the invention
provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated
with decreased expression of functional PKIN, comprising
administering to a patient in need of such treatment the
composition.
[0058] Additionally, the invention provides a method for screening
a compound for effectiveness as an antagonist of a polypeptide
selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising
an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-18, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino
acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a
biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and
d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. The
method comprises a) exposing a sample comprising the polypeptide to
a compound, and b) detecting antagonist activity in the sample. In
one alternative, the invention provides a composition comprising an
antagonist compound identified by the method and a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient. In another alternative, the invention
provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated
with overexpression of functional PKIN, comprising administering to
a patient in need of such treatment the composition.
[0059] The invention further provides a method of screening for a
compound that specifically binds to a polypeptide selected from the
group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a
naturally occurring polypeptide cmoprising an amino acid sequence
at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. The method comprises
a) combining the polypeptide with at least one test compound under
suitable conditions, and b) detecting binding of the polypeptide to
the test compound, thereby identifying a compound that specifically
binds to the polypeptide.
[0060] The invention further provides a method of screening for a
compound that modulates the activity of a polypeptide selected from
the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, b) a
naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence
at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, c) a biologically active
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and d) an immunogenic
fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18. The method comprises
a) combining the polypeptide with at least one test compound under
conditions permissive for the activity of the polypeptide, b)
assessing the activity of the polypeptide in the presence of the
test compound, and c) comparing the activity of the polypeptide in
the presence of the test compound with the activity of the
polypeptide in the absence of the test compound, wherein a change
in the activity of the polypeptide in the presence of the test
compound is indicative of a compound that modulates the activity of
the polypeptide.
[0061] The invention further provides a method for screening a
compound for effectiveness in altering expression of a target
polynucleotide, wherein said target polynucleotide comprises a
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, the
method comprising a) exposing a sample comprising the target
polynucleotide to a compound, and b) detecting altered expression
of the target polynucleotide.
[0062] The invention further provides a method for assessing
toxicity of a test compound, said method comprising a) treating a
biological sample containing nucleic acids with the test compound;
b) hybridizing the nucleic acids of the treated biological sample
with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides of a
polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of i) a
polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from
the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, ii) a naturally occurring
polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90%
identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, iii) a polynucleotide having a
sequence complementary to i), iv) a polynucleotide complementary to
the polynucleotide of ii), and v) an RNA equivalent of i)-iv).
Hybridization occurs under conditions whereby a specific
hybridization complex is formed between said probe and a target
polynucleotide in the biological sample, said target polynucleotide
selected from the group consisting of i) a polynucleotide
comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, ii) a naturally occurring
polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90%
identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, iii) a polynucleotide complementary
to the polynucleotide of i), iv) a polynucleotide complementary to
the polynucleotide of ii), and v) an RNA equivalent of i)-iv).
Alternatively, the target polynucleotide comprises a fragment of a
polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of i)-v)
above; c) quantifying the amount of hybridization complex; and d)
comparing the amount of hybridization complex in the treated
biological sample with the amount of hybridization complex in an
untreated biological sample, wherein a difference in the amount of
hybridization complex in the treated biological sample is
indicative of toxicity of the test compound.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES
[0063] Table 1 summarizes the nomenclature for the full length
polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences of the present
invention.
[0064] Table 2 shows the GenBank identification number and
annotation of the nearest GenBank homolog for polypeptides of the
invention. The probability score for the match between each
polypeptide and its GenBank homolog is also shown.
[0065] Table 3 shows structural features of polypeptide sequences
of the invention, including predicted motifs and domains, along
with the methods, algorithms, and searchable databases used for
analysis of the polypeptides.
[0066] Table 4 lists the cDNA and genomic DNA fragments which were
used to assemble polynucleotide sequences of the invention, along
with selected fragments of the polynucleotide sequences.
[0067] Table 5 shows the representative cDNA library for
polynucleotides of the invention.
[0068] Table 6 provides an appendix which describes the tissues and
vectors used for construction of the cDNA libraries shown in Table
5.
[0069] Table 7 shows the tools, programs, and algorithms used to
analyze the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention,
along with applicable descriptions, references, and threshold
parameters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0070] Before the present proteins, nucleotide sequences, and
methods are described, it is understood that this invention is not
limited to the particular machines, materials and methods
described, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the
terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular
embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the
present invention which will be limited only by the appended
claims.
[0071] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended
claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural
reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for
example, a reference to "a host cell" includes a plurality of such
host cells, and a reference to "an antibody" is a reference to one
or more antibodies and equivalents thereof known to those skilled
in the art, and so forth.
[0072] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
any machines, materials, and methods similar or equivalent to those
described herein can be used to practice or test the present
invention, the preferred machines, materials and methods are now
described. All publications mentioned herein are cited for the
purpose of describing and disclosing the cell lines, protocols,
reagents and vectors which are reported in the publications and
which might be used in connection with the invention. Nothing
herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not
entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior
invention.
[0073] Definitions
[0074] "PKIN" refers to the amino acid sequences of substantially
purified PKIN obtained from any species, particularly a mammalian
species, including bovine, ovine, porcine, murine, equine, and
human, and from any source, whether natural, synthetic,
semi-synthetic, or recombinant.
[0075] The term "agonist" refers to a molecule which intensifies or
mimics the biological activity of PKIN. Agonists may include
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, small molecules, or any
other compound or composition which modulates the activity of PKIN
either by directly interacting with PKIN or by acting on components
of the biological pathway in which PKIN participates.
[0076] An "allelic variant" is an alternative form of the gene
encoding PKEN. Allelic variants may result from at least one
mutation in the nucleic acid sequence and may result in altered
mRNAs or in polypeptides whose structure or function may or may not
be altered. A gene may have none, one, or many allelic variants of
its naturally occurring form. Common mutational changes which give
rise to allelic variants are generally ascribed to natural
deletions, additions, or substitutions of nucleotides. Each of
these types of changes may occur alone, or in combination with the
others, one or more times in a given sequence.
[0077] "Altered" nucleic acid sequences encoding PKIN include those
sequences with deletions, insertions, or substitutions of different
nucleotides, resulting in a polypeptide the same as PKIN or a
polypeptide with at least one functional characteristic of PKIN.
Included within this definition are polymorphisms which may or may
not be readily detectable using a particular oligonucleotide probe
of the polynucleotide encoding PKIN, and improper or unexpected
hybridization to allelic variants, with a locus other than the
normal chromosomal locus for the polynucleotide sequence encoding
PKIN. The encoded protein may also be "altered," and may contain
deletions, insertions, or substitutions of amino acid residues
which produce a silent change and result in a functionally
equivalent PKIN. Deliberate amino acid substitutions may be made on
the basis of similarity in polarity, charge, solubility,
hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and/or the amphipathic nature of
the residues, as long as the biological or immunological activity
of PKIN is retained. For example, negatively charged amino acids
may include aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and positively charged
amino acids may include lysine and arginine. Amino acids with
uncharged polar side chains having similar hydrophilicity values
may include: asparagine and glutamine; and serine and threonine.
Amino acids with uncharged side chains having similar
hydrophilicity values may include: leucine, isoleucine, and valine;
glycine and alanine; and phenylalanine and tyrosine.
[0078] The terms "amino acid" and "amino acid sequence" refer to an
oligopeptide, peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence, or a
fragment of any of these, and to naturally occurring or synthetic
molecules. Where "amino acid sequence" is recited to refer to a
sequence of a naturally occurring protein molecule, "amino acid
sequence" and like terms are not meant to limit the amino acid
sequence to the complete native amino acid sequence associated with
the recited protein molecule.
[0079] "Amplification" relates to the production of additional
copies of a nucleic acid sequence. Amplification is generally
carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies well
known in the art.
[0080] The term "antagonist" refers to a molecule which inhibits or
attenuates the biological activity of PKIN. Antagonists may include
proteins such as antibodies, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, small
molecules, or any other compound or composition which modulates the
activity of PKIN either by directly interacting with PKIN or by
acting on components of the biological pathway in which PKIN
participates.
[0081] The term "antibody" refers to intact immunoglobulin
molecules as well as to fragments thereof, such as Fab,
F(ab').sub.2, and Fv fragments, which are capable of binding an
epitopic determinant. Antibodies that bind PKIN polypeptides can be
prepared using intact polypeptides or using fragments containing
small peptides of interest as the immunizing antigen. The
polypeptide or oligopeptide used to immunize an animal (e.g., a
mouse, a rat, or a rabbit) can be derived from the translation of
RNA, or synthesized chemically, and can be conjugated to a carrier
protein if desired. Commonly used carriers that are chemically
coupled to peptides include bovine serum albumin, thyroglobulin,
and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The coupled peptide is then
used to immunize the animal.
[0082] The term "antigenic determinant" refers to that region of a
molecule (i.e., an epitope) that makes contact with a particular
antibody. When a protein or a fragment of a protein is used to
immunize a host animal, numerous regions of the protein may induce
the production of antibodies which bind specifically to antigenic
determinants (particular regions or three-dimensional structures on
the protein). An antigenic determinant may compete with the intact
antigen (i.e., the immunogen used to elicit the immune response)
for binding to an antibody.
[0083] The term "antisense" refers to any composition capable of
base-pairing with the "sense" (coding) strand of a specific nucleic
acid sequence. Antisense compositions may include DNA; RNA; peptide
nucleic acid (PNA); oligonucleotides having modified backbone
linkages such as phosphorothioates, methylphosphonates, or
benzylphosphonates; oligonucleotides having modified sugar groups
such as 2'-methoxyethyl sugars or 2'-methoxyethoxy sugars; or
oligonucleotides having modified bases such as 5-methyl cytosine,
2'-deoxyuracil, or 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine. Antisense molecules
may be produced by any method including chemical synthesis or
transcription. Once introduced into a cell, the complementary
antisense molecule base-pairs with a naturally occurring nucleic
acid sequence produced by the cell to form duplexes which block
either transcription or translation. The designation "negative" or
"minus" can refer to the antisense strand, and the designation
"positive" or "plus" can refer to the sense strand of a reference
DNA molecule.
[0084] The term "biologically active" refers to a protein having
structural, regulatory, or biochemical functions of a naturally
occurring molecule. Likewise, "immunologically active" or
"immunogenic" refers to the capability of the natural, recombinant,
or synthetic PKIN, or of any oligopeptide thereof, to induce a
specific immune response in appropriate animals or cells and to
bind with specific antibodies.
[0085] "Complementary" describes the relationship between two
single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that anneal by base-pairing.
For example, 5'-AGT-3' pairs with its complement, 3'-TCA-5'.
[0086] A "composition comprising a given polynucleotide sequence"
and a "composition comprising a given amino acid sequence" refer
broadly to any composition containing the given polynucleotide or
amino acid sequence. The composition may comprise a dry formulation
or an aqueous solution. Compositions comprising polynucleotide
sequences encoding PKIN or fragments of PKIN may be employed as
hybridization probes. The probes may be stored in freeze-dried form
and may be associated with a stabilizing agent such as a
carbohydrate. In hybridizations, the probe may be deployed in an
aqueous solution containing salts (e.g., NaCl), detergents (e.g.,
sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), and other components (e.g.,
Denhardt's solution, dry milk, salmon sperm DNA, etc.). "Consensus
sequence" refers to a nucleic acid sequence which has been
subjected to repeated DNA sequence analysis to resolve uncalled
bases, extended using the XL-PCR kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster
City Calif.) in the 5' and/or the 3' direction, and resequenced, or
which has been assembled from one or more overlapping cDNA, EST, or
genomic DNA fragments using a computer program for fragment
assembly, such as the GELVIEW fragment assembly system (GCG,
Madison Wis.) or Phrap (University of Washington, Seattle Wash.).
Some sequences have been both extended and assembled to produce the
consensus sequence.
[0087] "Conservative amino acid substitutions" are those
substitutions that are predicted to least interfere with the
properties of the original protein, i.e., the structure and
especially the function of the protein is conserved and not
significantly changed by such substitutions. The table below shows
amino acids which may be substituted for an original amino acid in
a protein and which are regarded as conservative amino acid
substitutions.
1 Original Residue Conservative Substitution Ala Gly, Ser Arg His,
Lys Asn Asp, Gln, His Asp Asn, Gln Cys Ala, Ser Gln Asn, Gln, His
Glu Asp, Gln, His Gly Ala His Asn, Arg, Gln, Glu Ile Leu, Val Leu
Ile, Val Lys Arg, Gln, Gln Met Leu, Ile Phe His, Met, Leu, Trp, Tyr
Ser Cys, Thr Thr Ser, Val Trp Phe, Tyr Tyr His, Phe, Trp Val Ile,
Leu, Thr
[0088] Conservative amino acid substitutions generally maintain (a)
the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the
substitution, for example, as a beta sheet or alpha helical
conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at
the site of the substitution, and/or (c) the bulk of the side
chain.
[0089] A "deletion" refers to a change in the amino acid or
nucleotide sequence that results in the absence of one or more
amino acid residues or nucleotides.
[0090] The term "derivative" refers to a chemically modified
polynucleotide or polypeptide. Chemical modifications of a
polynucleotide can include, for example, replacement of hydrogen by
an alkyl, acyl, hydroxyl, or amino group. A derivative
polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide which retains at least one
biological or immunological function of the natural molecule. A
derivative polypeptide is one modified by glycosylation,
pegylation, or any similar process that retains at least one
biological or immunological function of the polypeptide from which
it was derived.
[0091] A "detectable label" refers to a reporter molecule or enzyme
that is capable of generating a measurable signal and is covalently
or noncovalently joined to a polynucleotide or polypeptide.
[0092] "Differential expression" refers to increased or
upregulated; or decreased, downregulated, or absent gene or protein
expression, determined by comparing at least two different samples.
Such comparisons may be carried out between, for example, a treated
and an untreated sample, or a diseased and a normal sample.
[0093] A "fragment" is a unique portion of PKIN or the
polynucleotide encoding PKIN which is identical in sequence to but
shorter in length than the parent sequence. A fragment may comprise
up to the entire length of the defined sequence, minus one
nucleotide/amino acid residue. For example, a fragment may comprise
from 5 to 1000 contiguous nucleotides or amino acid residues. A
fragment used as a probe, primer, antigen, therapeutic molecule, or
for other purposes, may be at least 5, 10, 15, 16, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50, 60, 75, 100, 150, 250 or at least 500 contiguous nucleotides or
amino acid residues in length. Fragments may be preferentially
selected from certain regions of a molecule. For example, a
polypeptide fragment may comprise a certain length of contiguous
amino acids selected from the first 250 or 500 amino acids (or
first 25% or 50%) of a polypeptide as shown in a certain defined
sequence. Clearly these lengths are exemplary, and any length that
is supported by the specification, including the Sequence Listing,
tables, and figures, may be encompassed by the present
embodiments.
[0094] A fragment of SEQ ID NO:19-36 comprises a region of unique
polynucleotide sequence that specifically identifies SEQ ID
NO:19-36, for example, as distinct from any other sequence in the
genome from which the fragment was obtained. A fragment of SEQ ID
NO:19-36 is useful, for example, in hybridization and amplification
technologies and in analogous methods that distinguish SEQ ID
NO:19-36 from related polynucleotide sequences. The precise length
of a fragment of SEQ ID NO:19-36 and the region of SEQ ID NO:19-36
to which the fragment corresponds are routinely determinable by one
of ordinary skill in the art based on the intended purpose for the
fragment.
[0095] A fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-18 is encoded by a fragment of SEQ
ID NO:19-36. A fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-18 comprises a region of
unique amino acid sequence that specifically identifies SEQ ID
NO:1-18. For example, a fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-18 is useful as an
immunogenic peptide for the development of antibodies that
specifically recognize SEQ ID NO:1-18. The precise length of a
fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-18 and the region of SEQ ID NO:1-18 to
which the fragment corresponds are routinely determinable by one of
ordinary skill in the art based on the intended purpose for the
fragment.
[0096] A "full length" polynucleotide sequence is one containing at
least a translation initiation codon (e.g., methionine) followed by
an open reading frame and a translation termination codon. A "full
length" polynucleotide sequence encodes a "full length" polypeptide
sequence.
[0097] "Homology" refers to sequence similarity or,
interchangeably, sequence identity, between two or more
polynucleotide sequences or two or more polypeptide sequences.
[0098] The terms "percent identity" and "% identity," as applied to
polynucleotide sequences, refer to the percentage of residue
matches between at least two polynucleotide sequences aligned using
a standardized algorithm. Such an algorithm may insert, in a
standardized and reproducible way, gaps in the sequences being
compared in order to optimize alignment between two sequences, and
therefore achieve a more meaningful comparison of the two
sequences.
[0099] Percent identity between polynucleotide sequences may be
determined using the default parameters of the CLUSTAL V algorithm
as incorporated into the MEGALIGN version 3.12e sequence alignment
program. This program is part of the LASERGENE software package, a
suite of molecular biological analysis programs (DNASTAR, Madison
Wis.). CLUSTAL V is described in Higgins, D. G. and P. M. Sharp
(1989) CABIOS 5:151-153 and in Higgins, D. G. et al. (1992) CABIOS
8.189-191. For pairwise alignments of polynucleotide sequences, the
default parameters are set as follows: Ktuple=2, gap penalty=5,
window=4, and "diagonals saved"=4. The "weighted" residue weight
table is selected as the default. Percent identity is reported by
CLUSTAL V as the "percent similarity" between aligned
polynucleotide sequences.
[0100] Alternatively, a suite of commonly used and freely available
sequence comparison algorithms is provided by the National Center
for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search
Tool (BLAST) (Altschul, S. F. et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol.
215:403410), which is available from several sources, including the
NCBL Bethesda, Md., and on the Internet at
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/. The BLAST software suite
includes various sequence analysis programs including "blastn,"
that is used to align a known polynucleotide sequence with other
polynucleotide sequences from a variety of databases. Also
available is a tool called "BLAST 2 Sequences" that is used for
direct pairwise comparison of two nucleotide sequences. "BLAST 2
Sequences" can be accessed and used interactively at
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/b12.h- tml. The "BLAST 2
Sequences" tool can be used for both blastn and blastp (discussed
below). BLAST programs are commonly used with gap and other
parameters set to default settings. For example, to compare two
nucleotide sequences, one may use blastn with the "BLAST 2
Sequences" tool Version 2.0.12 (April-21-2000) set at default
parameters. Such default parameters may be, for example:
[0101] Matrix: BLOSUM62
[0102] Reward for match: 1
[0103] Penalty for mismatch: -2
[0104] Open Gap: 5 and Extension Gap: 2 penalties
[0105] Gap x drop-off 50
[0106] Expect: 10
[0107] Word Size: 11
[0108] Filter: on
[0109] Percent identity may be measured over the length of an
entire defined sequence, for example, as defined by a particular
SEQ ID number, or may be measured over a shorter length, for
example, over the length of a fragment taken from a larger, defined
sequence, for instance, a fragment of at least 20, at least 30, at
least 40, at least 50, at least 70, at least 100, or at least 200
contiguous nucleotides. Such lengths are exemplary only, and it is
understood that any fragment length supported by the sequences
shown herein, in the tables, figures, or Sequence Listing, may be
used to describe a length over which percentage identity may be
measured.
[0110] Nucleic acid sequences that do not show a high degree of
identity may nevertheless encode similar amino acid sequences due
to the degeneracy of the genetic code. It is understood that
changes in a nucleic acid sequence can be made using this
degeneracy to produce multiple nucleic acid sequences that all
encode substantially the same protein.
[0111] The phrases "percent identity" and "% identity," as applied
to polypeptide sequences, refer to the percentage of residue
matches between at least two polypeptide sequences aligned using a
standardized algorithm. Methods of polypeptide sequence alignment
are well-known. Some alignment methods take into account
conservative amino acid substitutions. Such conservative
substitutions, explained in more detail above, generally preserve
the charge and hydrophobicity at the site of substitution, thus
preserving the structure (and therefore function) of the
polypeptide.
[0112] Percent identity between polypeptide sequences may be
determined using the default parameters of the CLUSTAL V algorithm
as incorporated into the MEGALIGN version 3.12e sequence alignment
program (described and referenced above). For pairwise alignments
of polypeptide sequences using CLUSTAL V, the default parameters
are set as follows: Ktuple=1, gap penalty=3, window=5, and
"diagonals saved"=5. The PAM250 matrix is selected as the default
residue weight table. As with polynucleotide alignments, the
percent identity is reported by CLUSTAL V as the "percent
similarity" between aligned polypeptide sequence pairs.
[0113] Alternatively the NCBI BLAST software suite may be used. For
example, for a pairwise comparison of two polypeptide sequences,
one may use the "BLAST 2 Sequences" tool Version 2.0.12 (Apr. 21,
2000) with blastp set at default parameters. Such default
parameters may be, for example:
[0114] Matrix: BLOSUM62
[0115] Open Gap: 11 and Extension Gap: 1 penalties
[0116] Gap x drop-off. 50
[0117] Expect: 10
[0118] Word Size: 3
[0119] Filter: on
[0120] Percent identity may be measured over the length of an
entire defined polypeptide sequence, for example, as defined by a
particular SEQ ID number, or may be measured over a shorter length,
for example, over the length of a fragment taken from a larger,
defined polypeptide sequence, for instance, a fragment of at least
15, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 70
or at least 150 contiguous residues. Such lengths are exemplary
only, and it is understood that any fragment length supported by
the sequences shown herein, in the tables, figures or Sequence
Listing, may be used to describe a length over which percentage
identity may be measured.
[0121] "Human artificial chromosomes" (HACs) are linear
microchromosomes which may contain DNA sequences of about 6 kb to
10 Mb in size and which contain all of the elements required for
chromosome replication, segregation and maintenance.
[0122] The term "humanized antibody" refers to an antibody molecule
in which the amino acid sequence in the non-antigen binding regions
has been altered so that the antibody more closely resembles a
human antibody, and still retains its original binding ability.
[0123] "Hybridization" refers to the process by which a
polynucleotide strand anneals with a complementary strand through
base pairing under defined hybridization conditions. Specific
hybridization is an indication that two nucleic acid sequences
share a high degree of complementarity. Specific hybridization
complexes form under permissive annealing conditions and remain
hybridized after the "washing" step(s). The washing step(s) is
particularly important in determining the stringency of the
hybridization process, with more stringent conditions allowing less
non-specific binding, i.e., binding between pairs of nucleic acid
strands that are not perfectly matched. Permissive conditions for
annealing of nucleic acid sequences are routinely determinable by
one of ordinary skill in the art and may be consistent among
hybridization experiments, whereas wash conditions may be varied
among experiments to achieve the desired stringency, and therefore
hybridization specificity. Permissive annealing conditions occur,
for example, at 68.degree. C. in the presence of about 6.times.SSC,
about 1% (w/v) SDS, and about 100 .mu.g/ml sheared, denatured
salmon sperm DNA.
[0124] Generally, stringency of hybridization is expressed, in
part, with reference to the temperature under which the wash step
is carried out. Such wash temperatures are typically selected to be
about 5.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. lower than the thermal melting
point (T.sub.m) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic
strength and pH. The T.sub.m is the temperature (under defined
ionic strength and pH) at which 50% of the target sequence
hybridizes to a perfectly matched probe. An equation for
calculating T.sub.m and conditions for nucleic acid hybridization
are well known and can be found in Sambrook, J. et al. (1989)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2.sup.nd ed., vol. 1-3,
Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview N.Y.; specifically see volume
2, chapter 9.
[0125] High stringency conditions for hybridization between
polynucleotides of the present invention include wash conditions of
68.degree. C. in the presence of about 0.2.times.SSC and about 0.1%
SDS, for 1 hour. Alternatively, temperatures of about 65.degree.
C., 60.degree. C., 55.degree. C., or 42.degree. C. may be used. SSC
concentration may be varied from about 0.1 to 2.times.SSC, with SDS
being present at about 0.1%. Typically, blocking reagents are used
to block non-specific hybridization. Such blocking reagents
include, for instance, sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA at
about 100-200 .mu.g/ml. Organic solvent, such as formamide at a
concentration of about 35-50% v/v, may also be used under
particular circumstances, such as for RNA:DNA hybridizations.
Useful variations on these wash conditions will be readily apparent
to those of ordinary skill in the art. Hybridization, particularly
under high stringency conditions, may be suggestive of evolutionary
similarity between the nucleotides. Such similarity is strongly
indicative of a similar role for the nucleotides and their encoded
polypeptides.
[0126] The term "hybridization complex" refers to a complex formed
between two nucleic acid sequences by virtue of the formation of
hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. A hybridization complex
may be formed in solution (e.g., C.sub.0t or R.sub.0t analysis) or
formed between one nucleic acid sequence present in solution and
another nucleic acid sequence immobilized on a solid support (e.g.,
paper, membranes, filters, chips, pins or glass slides, or any
other appropriate substrate to which cells or their nucleic acids
have been fixed).
[0127] The words "insertion" and "addition" refer to changes in an
amino acid or nucleotide sequence resulting in the addition of one
or more amino acid residues or nucleotides, respectively.
[0128] "Immune response" can refer to conditions associated with
inflammation, trauma, immune disorders, or infectious or genetic
disease, etc. These conditions can be characterized by expression
of various factors, e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and other
signaling molecules, which may affect cellular and systemic defense
systems.
[0129] An "immunogenic fragment" is a polypeptide or oligopeptide
fragment of PKIN which is capable of eliciting an immune response
when introduced into a living organism for example, a mammal. The
term "immunogenic fragment" also includes any polypeptide or
oligopeptide fragment of PKIN which is useful in any of the
antibody production methods disclosed herein or known in the
art.
[0130] The term "microarray" refers to an arrangement of a
plurality of polynucleotides, polypeptides, or other chemical
compounds on a substrate.
[0131] The terms "element" and "array element" refer to a
polynucleotide, polypeptide, or other chemical compound having a
unique and defined position on a microarray.
[0132] The term "modulate" refers to a change in the activity of
PKIN. For example, modulation may cause an increase or a decrease
in protein activity, binding characteristics, or any other
biological, functional, or immunological properties of PKIN.
[0133] The phrases "nucleic acid" and "nucleic acid sequence" refer
to a nucleotide, oligonucleotide, polynucleotide, or any fragment
thereof. These phrases also refer to DNA or RNA of genomic or
synthetic origin which may be single-stranded or double-stranded
and may represent the sense or the antisense strand, to peptide
nucleic acid (PNA), or to any DNA-like or RNA-like material.
[0134] "Operably linked" refers to the situation in which a first
nucleic acid sequence is placed in a functional relationship with a
second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably
linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the
transcription or expression of the coding sequence. Operably linked
DNA sequences may be in close proximity or contiguous and, where
necessary to join two protein coding regions, in the same reading
frame.
[0135] "Peptide nucleic acid" (PNA) refers to an antisense molecule
or anti-gene agent which comprises an oligonucleotide of at least
about 5 nucleotides in length linked to a peptide backbone of amino
acid residues ending in lysine. The terminal lysine confers
solubility to the composition. PNAs preferentially bind
complementary single stranded DNA or RNA and stop transcript
elongation, and may be pegylated to extend their lifespan in the
cell.
[0136] "Post-translational modification" of an PKIN may involve
lipidation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation,
racemization, proteolytic cleavage, and other modifications known
in the art. These processes may occur synthetically or
biochemically. Biochemical modifications will vary by cell type
depending on the enzymatic milieu of PKIN.
[0137] "Probe" refers to nucleic acid sequences encoding PKIN,
their complements, or fragments thereof, which are used to detect
identical, allelic or related nucleic acid sequences. Probes are
isolated oligonucleotides or polynucleotides attached to a
detectable label or reporter molecule. Typical labels include
radioactive isotopes, ligands, chemiluminescent agents, and
enzymes. "Primers" are short nucleic acids, usually DNA
oligonucleotides, which may be annealed to a target polynucleotide
by complementary base-pairing. The primer may then be extended
along the target DNA strand by a DNA polymerase enzyme. Primer
pairs can be used for amplification (and identification) of a
nucleic acid sequence, e.g., by the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR).
[0138] Probes and primers as used in the present invention
typically comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of a known
sequence. In order to enhance specificity, longer probes and
primers may also be employed, such as probes and primers that
comprise at least 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or at
least 150 consecutive nucleotides of the disclosed nucleic acid
sequences. Probes and primers may be considerably longer than these
examples, and it is understood that any length supported by the,
specification, including the tables, figures, and Sequence Listing,
may be used.
[0139] Methods for preparing and using probes and primers are
described in the references, for example Sambrook, J. et al. (1989)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2.sup.nd ed., vol. 1-3,
Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview N.Y.; Ausubel, F. M. et al.
(1987) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publ. Assoc.
& Wiley-Intersciences, New York N.Y.; Innis, M. et al. (1990)
PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press,
San Diego Calif. PCR primer pairs can be derived from a known
sequence, for example, by using computer programs intended for that
purpose such as Primer (Version 0.5, 1991, Whitehead Institute for
Biomedical Research, Cambridge Mass.).
[0140] Oligonucleotides for use as primers are selected using
software known in the art for such purpose. For example, OLIGO 4.06
software is useful for the selection of PCR primer pairs of up to
100 nucleotides each, and for the analysis of oligonucleotides and
larger polynucleotides of up to 5,000 nucleotides from an input
polynucleotide sequence of up to 32 kilobases. Similar primer
selection programs have incorporated additional features for
expanded capabilities. For example, the PrimOU primer selection
program (available to the public from the Genome Center at
University of Texas South West Medical Center, Dallas Tex.) is
capable of choosing specific primers from megabase sequences and is
thus useful for designing primers on a genome-wide scope. The
Primer3 primer selection program (available to the public from the
Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Cambridge
Mass.) allows the user to input a "mispriming library," in which
sequences to avoid as primer binding sites are user-specified.
Primer3 is useful, in particular, for the selection of
oligonucleotides for microarrays. (The source code for the latter
two primer selection programs may also be obtained from their
respective sources and modified to meet the user's specific needs.)
The PrimeGen program (available to the public from the UK Human
Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre, Cambridge UTK) designs
primers based on multiple sequence alignments, thereby allowing
selection of primers that hybridize to either the most conserved or
least conserved regions of aligned nucleic acid sequences. Hence,
this program is useful for identification of both unique and
conserved oligonucleotides and polynucleotide fragments. The
oligonucleotides and polynucleotide fragments identified by any of
the above selection methods are useful in hybridization
technologies, for example, as PCR or sequencing primers, microarray
elements, or specific probes to identify fully or partially
complementary polynucleotides in a sample of nucleic acids. Methods
of oligonucleotide selection are not limited to those described
above.
[0141] A "recombinant nucleic acid" is a sequence that is not
naturally occurring or has a sequence that is made by an artificial
combination of two or more otherwise separated segments of
sequence. This artificial combination is often accomplished by
chemical synthesis or, more commonly, by the artificial
manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, e.g., by
genetic engineering techniques such as those described in Sambrook,
supra. The term recombinant includes nucleic acids that have been
altered solely by addition, substitution, or deletion of a portion
of the nucleic acid. Frequently, a recombinant nucleic acid may
include a nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a promoter
sequence. Such a recombinant nucleic acid may be part of a vector
that is used, for example, to transform a cell.
[0142] Alternatively, such recombinant nucleic acids may be part of
a viral vector, e.g., based on a vaccinia virus, that could be use
to vaccinate a mammal wherein the recombinant nucleic acid is
expressed, inducing a protective immunological response in the
mammal.
[0143] A "regulatory element" refers to a nucleic acid sequence
usually derived from untranslated regions of a gene and includes
enhancers, promoters, introns, and 5' and 3' untranslated regions
(UTRs). Regulatory elements interact with host or viral proteins
which control transcription, translation, or RNA stability.
[0144] "Reporter molecules" are chemical or biochemical moieties
used for labeling a nucleic acid, amino acid, or antibody. Reporter
molecules include radionuclides; enzymes; fluorescent,
chemiluminescent, or chromogenic agents; substrates; cofactors;
inhibitors; magnetic particles; and other moieties known in the
art.
[0145] An "RNA equivalent," in reference to a DNA sequence, is
composed of the same linear sequence of nucleotides as the
reference DNA sequence with the exception that all occurrences of
the nitrogenous base thymine are replaced with uracil, and the
sugar backbone is composed of ribose instead of deoxyribose.
[0146] The term "sample" is used in its broadest sense. A sample
suspected of containing PKIN, nucleic acids encoding PKIN, or
fragments thereof may comprise a bodily fluid; an extract from a
cell, chromosome, organelle, or membrane isolated from a cell; a
cell; genomic DNA, RNA, or cDNA, in solution or bound to a
substrate; a tissue; a tissue print; etc.
[0147] The terms "specific binding" and "specifically binding"
refer to that interaction between a protein or peptide and an
agonist, an antibody, an antagonist, a small molecule, or any
natural or synthetic binding composition. The interaction is
dependent upon the presence of a particular structure of the
protein, e.g., the antigenic determinant or epitope, recognized by
the binding molecule. For example, if an antibody is specific for
epitope "A," the presence of a polypeptide comprising the epitope
A, or the presence of free unlabeled A, in a reaction containing
free labeled A and the antibody will reduce the amount of labeled A
that binds to the antibody.
[0148] The term "substantially purified" refers to nucleic acid or
amino acid sequences that are removed from their natural
environment and are isolated or separated, and are at least 60%
free, preferably at least 75% free, and most preferably at least
90% free from other components with which they are naturally
associated.
[0149] A "substitution" refers to the replacement of one or more
amino acid residues or nucleotides by different amino acid residues
or nucleotides, respectively.
[0150] "Substrate" refers to any suitable rigid or semi-rigid
support including membranes, filters, chips, slides, wafers,
fibers, magnetic or nonmagnetic beads, gels, tubing, plates,
polymers, microparticles and capillaries. The substrate can have a
variety of surface forms, such as wells, trenches, pins, channels
and pores, to which polynucleotides or polypeptides are bound.
[0151] A "transcript image" refers to the collective pattern of
gene expression by a particular cell type or tissue under given
conditions at a given time.
[0152] "Transformation" describes a process by which exogenous DNA
is introduced into a recipient cell. Transformation may occur under
natural or artificial conditions according to various methods well
known in the art, and may rely on any known method for the
insertion of foreign nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic or
eukaryotic host cell. The method for transformation is selected
based on the type of host cell being transformed and may include,
but is not limited to, bacteriophage or viral infection,
electroporation, heat shock, lipofection, and particle bombardment.
The term "transformed cells" includes stably transformed cells in
which the inserted DNA is capable of replication either as an
autonomously replicating plasmid or as part of the host chromosome,
as well as transiently transformed cells which express the inserted
DNA or RNA for limited periods of time.
[0153] A "transgenic organism," as used herein, is any organism,
including but not limited to animals and plants, in which one or
more of the cells of the organism contains heterologous nucleic
acid introduced by way of human intervention, such as by transgenic
techniques well known in the art. The nucleic acid is introduced
into the cell, directly or indirectly by introduction into a
precursor of the cell, by way of deliberate genetic manipulation,
such as by microinjection or by infection with a recombinant virus.
The term genetic manipulation does not include classical
cross-breeding, or in vitro fertilization, but rather is directed
to the introduction of a recombinant DNA molecule. The transgenic
organisms contemplated in accordance with the present invention
include bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The
isolated DNA of the present invention can be introduced into the
host by methods known in the art, for example infection,
transfection, transformation or transconjugation. Techniques for
transferring the DNA of the present invention into such organisms
are widely known and provided in references such as Sambrook et al.
(1989), supra.
[0154] A "variant" of a particular nucleic acid sequence is defined
as a nucleic acid sequence having at least 40% sequence identity to
the particular nucleic acid sequence over a certain length of one
of the nucleic acid sequences using blastn with the "BLAST 2
Sequences" tool Version 2.0.9 (May 7, 1999) set at default
parameters. Such a pair of nucleic acids may show, for example, at
least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%,
at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least
94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at
least 99% or greater sequence identity over a certain defined
length. A variant may be described as, for example, an "allelic"
(as defined above), "splice," "species," or "polymorphic" variant.
A splice variant may have significant identity to a reference
molecule, but will generally have a greater or lesser number of
polynucleotides due to alternative splicing of exons during mRNA
processing. The corresponding polypeptide may possess additional
functional domains or lack domains that are present in the
reference molecule. Species variants are polynucleotide sequences
that vary from one species to another. The resulting polypeptides
will generally have significant amino acid identity relative to
each other. A polymorphic variant is a variation in the
polynucleotide sequence of a particular gene between individuals of
a given species. Polymorphic variants also may encompass "single
nucleotide polymorphisms" (SNPs) in which the polynucleotide
sequence varies by one nucleotide base. The presence of SNPs may be
indicative of, for example, a certain population, a disease state,
or a propensity for a disease state.
[0155] A "variant" of a particular polypeptide sequence is defined
as a polypeptide sequence having at least 40% sequence identity to
the particular polypeptide sequence over a certain length of one of
the polypeptide sequences using blastp with the "BLAST 2 Sequences"
tool Version 2.0.9 (May 7, 1999) set at default parameters. Such a
pair of polypeptides may show, for example, at least 50%, at least
60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at
least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%,
at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% or greater sequence
identity over a certain defined length of one of the
polypeptides.
[0156] The Invention
[0157] The invention is based on the discovery of new human kinases
(PKIN), the polynucleotides encoding PKIN, and the use of these
compositions for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of cancer,
immune disorders, disorders affecting growth and development,
cardiovascular diseases, and lipid disorders.
[0158] Table 1 summarizes the nomenclature for the full length
polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences of the invention. Each
polynucleotide and its corresponding polypeptide are correlated to
a single Incyte project identification number (Incyte Project ID).
Each polypeptide sequence is denoted by both a polypeptide sequence
identification number (Polypeptide SEQ ID NO:) and an Incyte
polypeptide sequence number (Incyte Polypeptide ID) as shown. Each
polynucleotide sequence is denoted by both a polynucleotide
sequence identification number (Polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:) and an
Incyte polynucleotide consensus sequence number (Incyte
Polynucleotide ID) as shown.
[0159] Table 2 shows sequences with homology to the polypeptides of
the invention as identified by BLAST analysis against the GenBank
protein (genpept) database. Columns 1 and 2 show the polypeptide
sequence identification number (Polypeptide SEQ ID NO:) and the
corresponding Incyte polypeptide sequence number (Incyte
Polypeptide ID) for polypeptides of the invention. Column 3 shows
the GenBank identification number (Genbank ID NO:) of the nearest
GenBank homolog. Column 4 shows the probability score for the match
between each polypeptide and its GenBank homolog. Column S shows
the annotation of the GenBank homolog along with relevant citations
where applicable, all of which are expressly incorporated by
reference herein.
[0160] Table 3 shows various structural features of the
polypeptides of the invention. Columns 1 and 2 show the polypeptide
sequence identification number (SEQ ID NO:) and the corresponding
Incyte polypeptide sequence number (Incyte Polypeptide ID) for each
polypeptide of the invention. Column 3 shows the number of amino
acid residues in each polypeptide. Column 4 shows potential
phosphorylation sites, and column 5 shows potential glycosylation
sites, as determined by the MOTIFS program of the GCG sequence
analysis software package (Genetics Computer Group, Madison Wis.).
Column 6 shows amino acid residues comprising signature sequences,
domains, and motifs. Column 7 shows analytical methods for protein
structure/function analysis and in some cases, searchable databases
to which the analytical methods were applied.
[0161] Together, Tables 2 and 3 summarize the properties of
polypeptides of the invention, and these properties establish that
the claimed polypeptides are human kinases. For example, SEQ ID
NO:12 is 95% identical to a human adenylate kinase (GenBank ID
g28577) as determined by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
(BLAST). (See Table 2). The BLAST probability score is 2.4e-112,
which indicates the probability of obtaining the observed
polypeptide sequence alignment by chance. Data from BLIMPS, MOTIFS,
and PROFILE analysis; from BLAST analysis using the DOMO and PRODOM
databases; and from HMMER analysis using the PFAM database further
support the categorization of SEQ ID NO:12 as an adenylate kinase.
(See Table 3). In an alternative example, SEQ ID NO:13 is 92%
identical to rat PCTAIRE 3 (GenBank ID g2257588) as determined by
the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The BLAST
probability score is 1.4e-210, which indicates the probability of
obtaining the observed polypeptide sequence alignment by chance
(Table 2). PCTAIRE 1, 2, and 3 comprise a subfamily of Cdc2-related
kinases that are primarily expressed in post-mitotic cells. PCTAIRE
2 and PCTAIRE 3 are expressed in the brain (Hirose, T. et al.,
(1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 249:481-488; Okada, T. et al., (1992)
Oncogene 7:2249-2258). SEQ ID NO:13 also contains a kinase active
site domain as determined by searching for statistically
significant matches in the hidden Markov model (HMM)-based PFAM
database of conserved protein family domains. (See Table 3.) Data
from BLIMPS, MOTIFS, and PROPILESCAN analyses provide further
corroborative evidence that SEQ ID NO:13 is a kinase. In another
alternative example, SEQ ID NO:18 is 86% identical to human cell
cycle related kinase (GenBank ID g4090958) as determined by the
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). (See Table 2.) The BLAST
probability score is 9.2e-85, which indicates the probability of
obtaining the observed polypeptide sequence alignment by chance.
SEQ ID NO:18 also contains a eukaryotic protein kinase domain as
determined by searching for statistically significant matches in
the hidden Markov model (HMM)-based PFAM database of conserved
protein family domains. (See Table 3.) Data from BLIMPS, MOTIFS,
and PROFILESCAN analyses provide further corroborative evidence
that SEQ ID NO:18 is a cell cycle related kinase. SEQ ID NO:1-11
and SEQ ID NO:14-17 were analyzed and annotated in a similar
manner. The algorithms and parameters for the analysis of SEQ ID
NO:1-18 are described in Table 7.
[0162] As shown in Table 4, the full length polynucleotide
sequences of the present invention were assembled using cDNA
sequences or coding (exon) sequences derived from genomic DNA, or
any combination of these two types of sequences. Columns 1 and 2
list the polynucleotide sequence identification number
(Polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:) and the corresponding Incyte
polynucleotide consensus sequence number (Incyte Polynucleotide ID)
for each polynucleotide of the invention. Column 3 shows the length
of each polynucleotide sequence in basepairs. Column 4 lists
fragments of the polynucleotide sequences which are useful, for
example, in hybridization or amplification technologies that
identify SEQ ID NO:19-36 or that distinguish between SEQ ID
NO:19-36 and related polynucleotide sequences. Column 5 shows
identification numbers corresponding to cDNA sequences, coding
sequences (exons) predicted from genomic DNA, and/or sequence
assemblages comprised of both cDNA and genomic DNA. These sequences
were used to assemble the full length polynucleotide sequences of
the invention. Columns 6 and 7 of Table 4 show the nucleotide start
(5') and stop (3') positions of the cDNA and genomic sequences in
column 5 relative to their respective full length sequences.
[0163] The identification numbers in Column 5 of Table 4 may refer
specifically, for example, to Incyte cDNAs along with their
corresponding cDNA libraries. For example, 6311370H1 is the
identification number of an Incyte cDNA sequence, and NERDTDN03 is
the cDNA library from which it is derived. Incyte cDNAs for which
cDNA libraries are not indicated were derived from pooled cDNA
libraries (e.g., 70518523D1). Alternatively, the identification
numbers in 5 may refer to GenBank cDNAs or ESTs (e.g., g1860144)
which contributed to the assembly of the full length polynucleotide
sequences. Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5
may refer to coding regions predicted by Genscan analysis of
genomic DNA. For example, GNN.g5924006.sub.--004.edit is the
identification number of a Genscan-predicted coding sequence, with
g5924006 being the GenBank identification number of the sequence to
which Genscan was applied. The Genscan-predicted coding sequences
may have been edited prior to assembly. (See Example IV.)
Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to
assemblages of both cDNA and Genscan-predicted exons brought
together by an "exon stitching" algorithm. (See Example V.)
Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to
assemblages of both cDNA and Genscan-predicted exons brought
together by an "exon-stretching" algorithm. (See Example V.) In
some cases, Incyte cDNA coverage redundant with the sequence
coverage shown in column 5 was obtained to confirm the final
consensus polynucleotide sequence, but the relevant Incyte cDNA
identification numbers are not shown.
[0164] Table 5 shows the representative cDNA libraries for those
full length polynucleotide sequences which were assembled using
Incyte cDNA sequences. The representative cDNA library is the
Incyte cDNA library which is most frequently represented by the
Incyte cDNA sequences which were used to assemble and confirm the
above polynucleotide sequences. The tissues and vectors which were
used to construct the cDNA libraries shown in Table 5 are described
in Table 6.
[0165] The invention also encompasses PKIN variants. A preferred
PKIN variant is one which has at least about 80%, or alternatively
at least about 96%, or alternatively at least about 95%, or even at
least about 98% amino acid sequence identity to the PKIN amino acid
sequence, and which contains at least one functional or structural
characteristic of PKIN.
[0166] The invention also encompasses polynucleotides which encode
PKIN. In a particular embodiment, the invention encompasses a
polynucleotide sequence comprising a sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36, which encodes PKIN. The
polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO:19-36, as presented in the
Sequence Listing, embrace the equivalent RNA sequences, wherein
occurrences of the nitrogenous base thymine are replaced with
uracil, and the sugar backbone is composed of ribose instead of
deoxyribose.
[0167] The invention also encompasses a variant of a polynucleotide
sequence encoding PKIN. In particular, such a variant
polynucleotide sequence will have at least about 70%, or
alternatively at least about 85%, or alternatively at least about
95%, or even at least about 98% polynucleotide sequence identity to
the polynucleotide sequence encoding PKIN. A particular aspect of
the invention encompasses a variant of a polynucleotide sequence
comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:19-36 which has at least about 70%, or alternatively at least
about 85%, or alternatively at least about 95%, or even at least
about 98% polynucleotide sequence identity to a nucleic acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36. Any
one of the polynucleotide variants described above can encode an
amino acid sequence which contains at least one functional or
structural characteristic of PKIN.
[0168] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as a
result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a multitude of
polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN, some bearing minimal
similarity to the polynucleotide sequences of any known and
naturally occurring gene, may be produced. Thus, the invention
contemplates each and every possible variation of polynucleotide
sequence that could be made by selecting combinations based on
possible codon choices. These combinations are made in accordance
with the standard triplet genetic code as applied to the
polynucleotide sequence of naturally occurring PKIN, and all such
variations are to be considered as being specifically
disclosed.
[0169] Although nucleotide sequences which encode PKIN and its
variants are generally capable of hybridizing to the nucleotide
sequence of the naturally occurring PKIN under appropriately
selected conditions of stringency, it may be advantageous to
produce nucleotide sequences encoding PKIN or its derivatives
possessing a substantially different codon usage, e.g., inclusion
of non-naturally occurring codons. Codons may be selected to
increase the rate at which expression of the peptide occurs in a
particular prokaryotic or eukaryotic host in accordance with the
frequency with which particular codons are utilized by the host.
Other reasons for substantially altering the nucleotide sequence
encoding PEIN and its derivatives without altering the encoded
amino acid sequences include the production of RNA transcripts
having more desirable properties, such as a greater half-life, than
transcripts produced from the naturally occurring sequence.
[0170] The invention also encompasses production of DNA sequences
which encode PKIN and PEIN derivatives, or fragments thereof,
entirely by synthetic chemistry. After production, the synthetic
sequence may be inserted into any of the many available expression
vectors and cell systems using reagents well known in the art.
Moreover, synthetic chemistry may be used to introduce mutations
into a sequence encoding PKIN or any fragment thereof.
[0171] Also encompassed by the invention are polynucleotide
sequences that are capable of hybridizing to the claimed
polynucleotide sequences, and, in particular, to those shown in SEQ
ID NO:19-36 and fragments thereof under various conditions of
stringency. (See, e.g., Wahl, G. M. and S. L. Berger (1987) Methods
Enzymol. 152:399407; Kimmel, A. R. (1987) Methods Enzymol.
152:507-511.) Hybridization conditions, including annealing and
wash conditions, are described in "Definitions."
[0172] Methods for DNA sequencing are well known in the art and may
be used to practice any of the embodiments of the invention. The
methods may employ such enzymes as the Klenow fragment of DNA
polymerase 1, SEQUENASE (US Biochemical, Cleveland Ohio), Taq
polymerase (Applied Biosystems), thermostable T7 polymerase
(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway N.J.), or combinations of
polymerases and proofreading exonucleases such as those found in
the ELONGASE amplification system (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg
Md.). Preferably, sequence preparation is automated with machines
such as the MJCROLAB 2200 liquid transfer system (Hamilton, Reno
Nev.), PTC200 thermal cycler (MJ Research, Watertown Mass.) and ABI
CATALYST 800 thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems). Sequencing is
then carried out using either the ABI 373 or 377 DNA sequencing
system (Applied Biosystems), the MEGABACE 1000 DNA sequencing
system (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale Calif.), or other systems
known in the art. The resulting sequences are analyzed using a
variety of algorithms which are well known in the art. (See, e.g.,
Ausubel, F. M. (1997) Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, John
Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y., unit 7.7; Meyers, R. A. (1995)
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wiley VCH, New York N.Y., pp.
856-853.)
[0173] The nucleic acid sequences encoding PKIN may be extended
utilizing a partial nucleotide sequence and employing various
PCR-based methods known in the art to detect upstream sequences,
such as promoters and regulatory elements. For example, one method
which may be employed, restriction-site PCR, uses universal and
nested primers to amplify unknown sequence from genomic DNA within
a cloning vector. (See, e.g., Sarkar, G. (1993) PCR Methods Applic.
2:318-322.) Another method, inverse PCR, uses primers that extend
in divergent directions to amplify unknown sequence from a
circularized template. The template is derived from restriction
fragments comprising a known genomic locus and surrounding
sequences. (See, e.g., Triglia, T. et al. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res.
16:8186.) A third method, capture PCR, involves PCR amplification
of DNA fragments adjacent to known sequences in human and yeast
artificial chromosome DNA. (See, e.g., Lagerstrom, M. et al. (1991)
PCR Methods Applic. 1:111-119.) In this method, multiple
restriction enzyme digestions and ligations may be used to insert
an engineered double-stranded sequence into a region of unknown
sequence before performing PCR. Other methods which may be used to
retrieve unknown sequences are known in the art. (See, e.g.,
Parker, J. D. et al. (1991) Nucleic Acids Res. 19:3055-3060).
Additionally, one may use PCR, nested primers, and PROMOTERFINDER
libraries (Clontech, Palo Alto Calif.) to walk genomic DNA. This
procedure avoids the need to screen libraries and is useful in
finding intron/exon junctions. For all PCR-based methods, primers
may be designed using commercially available software, such as
OLIGO 4.06 primer analysis software (National Biosciences, Plymouth
Minn.) or another appropriate program, to be about 22 to 30
nucleotides in length, to have a GC content of about 50% or more,
and to anneal to the template at temperatures of about 68.degree.
C. to 72.degree. C.
[0174] When screening for full length cDNAs, it is preferable to
use libraries that have been size-selected to include larger cDNAs.
In addition, random-primed libraries, which often include sequences
containing the 5' regions of genes, are preferable for situations
in which an oligo d(T) library does not yield a full-length cDNA.
Genomic libraries may be useful for extension of sequence into 5'
non-transcribed regulatory regions.
[0175] Capillary electrophoresis systems which are commercially
available may be used to analyze the size or confirm the nucleotide
sequence of sequencing or PCR products. In particular, capillary
sequencing may employ flowable polymers for electrophoretic
separation, four different nucleotide-specific, laser-stimulated
fluorescent dyes, and a charge coupled device camera for detection
of the emitted wavelengths. Output/light intensity may be converted
to electrical signal using appropriate software (e.g., GENOTYPER
and SEQUENCE NAVIGATOR, Applied Biosystems), and the entire process
from loading of samples to computer analysis and electronic data
display may be computer controlled. Capillary electrophoresis is
especially preferable for sequencing small DNA fragments which may
be present in limited amounts in a particular sample.
[0176] In another embodiment of the invention, polynucleotide
sequences or fragments thereof which encode PKIN may be cloned in
recombinant DNA molecules that direct expression of PKIN, or
fragments or functional equivalents thereof, in appropriate host
cells. Due to the inherent degeneracy of the genetic code, other
DNA sequences which encode substantially the same or a functionally
equivalent amino acid sequence may be produced and used to express
PKIN.
[0177] The nucleotide sequences of the present invention can be
engineered using methods generally known in the art in order to
alter PKIN-encoding sequences for a variety of purposes including,
but not limited to, modification of the cloning, processing, and/or
expression of the gene product. DNA shuffling by random
fragmentation and PCR reassembly of gene fragments and synthetic
oligonucleotides may be used to engineer the nucleotide sequences.
For example, oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis may
be used to introduce mutations that create new restriction sites,
alter glycosylation patterns, change codon preference, produce
splice variants, and so forth.
[0178] The nucleotides of the present invention may be subjected to
DNA shuffling techniques such as MOLECULARBREEDING (Maxygen Inc.,
Santa Clara Calif.; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,458; Chang,
C.sub.1-C. et al. (1999) Nat. Biotechnol. 17:793-797; Christians,
F. C. et al. (1999) Nat. Biotechnol. 17:259-264; and Crameri, A. et
al. (1996) Nat. Biotechnol. 14:315-319) to alter or improve the
biological properties of PKIN, such as its biological or enzymatic
activity or its ability to bind to other molecules or compounds.
DNA shuffling is a process by which a library of gene variants is
produced using PCR-mediated recombination of gene fragments. The
library is then subjected to selection or screening procedures that
identify those gene variants with the desired properties. These
preferred variants may then be pooled and further subjected to
recursive rounds of DNA shuffling and selection/screening. Thus,
genetic diversity is created through "artificial" breeding and
rapid molecular evolution. For example, fragments of a single gene
containing random point mutations may be recombined, screened, and
then reshuffled until the desired properties are optimized.
Alternatively, fragments of a given gene may be recombined with
fragments of homologous genes in the same gene family, either from
the same or different species, thereby maximizing the genetic
diversity of multiple naturally occurring genes in a directed and
controllable manner.
[0179] In another embodiment, sequences encoding PKIN may be
synthesized, in whole or in part, using chemical methods well known
in the art. (See, e.g., Caruthers, M. H. et al. (1980) Nucleic
Acids Symp. Ser. 7:215-223; and Horn, T. et al. (1980) Nucleic
Acids Symp. Ser. 7:225-232.) Alternatively, PKIN itself or a
fragment thereof may be synthesized using chemical methods. For
example, peptide synthesis can be performed using various
solution-phase or solid-phase techniques. (See, e.g., Creighton, T.
(1984) Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties, W H Freeman,
New York N.Y., pp. 55-60; and Roberge, J. Y. et al. (1995) Science
269:202-204.) Automated synthesis may be achieved using the ABI
431A peptide synthesizer (Applied Biosystems). Additionally, the
amino acid sequence of PKIN, or any part thereof, may be altered
during direct synthesis and/or combined with sequences from other
proteins, or any part thereof, to produce a variant polypeptide or
a polypeptide having a sequence of a naturally occurring
polypeptide.
[0180] The peptide may be substantially purified by preparative
high performance liquid chromatography. (See, e.g., Chiez, R. M.
and F. Z. Regnier (1990) Methods Enzymol. 182:392-421.) The
composition of the synthetic peptides may be confirmed by amino
acid analysis or by sequencing. (See, e.g., Creighton, supra, pp.
28-53.)
[0181] In order to express a biologically active PKIN, the
nucleotide sequences encoding PKIN or derivatives thereof may be
inserted into an appropriate expression vector, i.e., a vector
which contains the necessary elements for transcriptional and
translational control of the inserted coding sequence in a suitable
host. These elements include regulatory sequences, such as
enhancers, constitutive and inducible promoters, and 5' and 3'
untranslated regions in the vector and in polynucleotide sequences
encoding PKIN. Such elements may vary in their strength and
specificity. Specific initiation signals may also be used to
achieve more efficient translation of sequences encoding PKIN. Such
signals include the ATG initiation codon and adjacent sequences,
e.g. the Kozak sequence. In cases where sequences encoding PKIN and
its initiation codon and upstream regulatory sequences are inserted
into the appropriate expression vector, no additional
transcriptional or translational control signals may be needed.
However, in cases where only coding sequence, or a fragment
thereof, is inserted, exogenous translational control signals
including an in-frame ATG initiation codon should be provided by
the vector. Exogenous translational elements and initiation codons
may be of various origins, both natural and synthetic. The
efficiency of expression may be enhanced by the inclusion of
enhancers appropriate for the particular host cell system used.
(See, e.g., Scharf, D. et al. (1994) Results Probl. Cell Differ.
20:125-162.)
[0182] Methods which are well known to those skilled in the art may
be used to construct expression vectors containing sequences
encoding PKIN and appropriate transcriptional and translational
control elements. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA
techniques, synthetic techniques, and in vivo genetic
recombination. (See, e.g., Sambrook, J. et al. (1989) Molecular
Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview
N.Y., ch. 4, 8, and 16-17; Ausubel, F. M. et al. (1995) Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York
N.Y., ch. 9, 13, and 16.)
[0183] A variety of expression vector/host systems may be utilized
to contain and express sequences encoding PKIN. These include, but
are not limited to, microorganisms such as bacteria transformed
with recombinant bacteriophage, plasmid, or cosmid DNA expression
vectors; yeast transformed with yeast expression vectors; insect
cell systems infected with viral expression vectors (e.g.,
baculovirus); plant cell systems transformed with viral expression
vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV, or tobacco mosaic
virus, TMV) or with bacterial expression vectors (e.g., Ti or
pBR322 plasmids); or animal cell systems. (See, e.g., Sambrook,
supra; Ausubel, supra; Van Heeke, G. and S. M. Schuster (1989) J.
Biol. Chem. 264:5503-5509; Engelhard, E. K. et al. (1994) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3224-3227; Sandig, V. et al. (1996) Hum.
Gene Ther. 7:1937-1945; Takamatsu, N. (1987) EMBO J. 6:307-311; The
McGraw Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology (1992) McGraw Hill,
New York N.Y., pp. 191-196; Logan, J. and T. Shenk (1984) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3655-3659; and Harrington, J. J. et al.
(1997) Nat. Genet. 15:345-355.) Expression vectors derived from
retroviruses, adenoviruses, or herpes or vaccinia viruses, or from
various bacterial plasmids, may be used for delivery of nucleotide
sequences to the targeted organ, tissue, or cell population. (See,
e.g., Di Nicola, M. et al. (1998) Cancer Gen. Ther. 5(6):350-356;
Yu, M. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90(13):6340-6344;
Buller, R. M. et al. (1985) Nature 317(6040):813-815; McGregor, D.
P. et al. (1994) Mol. Immunol. 31(3):219-226; and Verma, I. M. and
N. Somia (1997) Nature 389:239-242.) The invention is not limited
by the host cell employed.
[0184] In bacterial systems, a number of cloning and expression
vectors may be selected depending upon the use intended for
polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN. For example, routine
cloning, subcloning, and propagation of polynucleotide sequences
encoding PKIN can be achieved using a multifunctional E. coli
vector such as PBLUESCRIPT (Stratagene, La Jolla Calif.) or PSPORT1
plasmid (Life Technologies). Ligation of sequences encoding PKIN
into the vector's multiple cloning site disrupts the lacZ gene,
allowing a colorimetric screening procedure for identification of
transformed bacteria containing recombinant molecules. In addition,
these vectors may be useful for in vitro transcription, dideoxy
sequencing, single strand rescue with helper phage, and creation of
nested deletions in the cloned sequence. (See, e.g., Van Heeke, G.
and S. M. Schuster (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:5503-5509.) When large
quantities of PKIN are needed, e.g. for the production of
antibodies, vectors which direct high level expression of PKIN may
be used. For example, vectors containing the strong, inducible SP6
or T7 bacteriophage promoter may be used.
[0185] Yeast expression systems may be used for production of PKIN.
A number of vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters,
such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase, and PGH promoters, may be
used in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris. In
addition, such vectors direct either the secretion or intracellular
retention of expressed proteins and enable integration of foreign
sequences into the host genome for stable propagation. (See, e.g.,
Ausubel, 1995, supra; Bitter, G. A. et al. (1987) Methods Enzymol.
153:516-544; and Scorer, C. A. et al. (1994) Bio/Technology
12:181-184.)
[0186] Plant systems may also be used for expression of PKIN.
Transcription of sequences encoding PKIN may be driven by viral
promoters, e.g., the 35S and 19S promoters of CaMV used alone or in
combination with the omega leader sequence from TMV (Takamatsu, N.
(1987) EMBO J. 6:307-311). Alternatively, plant promoters such as
the small subunit of RUBISCO or heat shock promoters may be used.
(See, e.g., Coruzzi, G. et al. (1984) EMBO J. 3:1671-1680; Broglie,
R. et al. (1984) Science 224:838-843; and Winter, J. et al. (1991)
Results Probl. Cell Differ. 17:85-105.) These constructs can be
introduced into plant cells by direct DNA transformation or
pathogen-mediated transfection. (See, e.g., The McGraw Hill
Yearbook of Science and Technology (1992) McGraw Hill, New York
N.Y., pp. 191-196.)
[0187] In mammalian cells, a number of viral-based expression
systems may be utilized. In cases where an adenovirus is used as an
expression vector, sequences encoding PKIN may be ligated into an
adenovirus transcription/translation complex consisting of the late
promoter and tripartite leader sequence. Insertion in a
non-essential E1 or E3 region of the viral genome may be used to
obtain infective virus which expresses PKIN in host cells. (See,
e.g., Logan, J. and T. Shenk (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
81:3655-3659.) In addition, transcription enhancers, such as the
Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer, may be used to increase
expression in mammalian host cells. SV40 or EBV-based vectors may
also be used for high-level protein expression.
[0188] Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) may also be employed to
deliver larger fragments of DNA than can be contained in and
expressed from a plasmid. HACs of about 6 kb to 10 Mb are
constructed and delivered via conventional delivery methods
(liposomes, polycationic amino polymers, or vesicles) for
therapeutic purposes. (See, e.g., Harrington, J. J. et al. (1997)
Nat. Genet. 15:345-355.)
[0189] For long term production of recombinant proteins in
mammalian systems, stable expression of PKIN in cell lines is
preferred. For example, sequences encoding PKIN can be transformed
into cell lines using expression vectors which may contain viral
origins of replication and/or endogenous expression elements and a
selectable marker gene on the same or on a separate vector.
Following the introduction of the vector, cells may be allowed to
grow for about 1 to 2 days in enriched media before being switched
to selective media. The purpose of the selectable marker is to
confer resistance to a selective agent, and its presence allows
growth and recovery of cells which successfully express the
introduced sequences. Resistant clones of stably transformed cells
may be propagated using tissue culture techniques appropriate to
the cell type.
[0190] Any number of selection systems may be used to recover
transformed cell lines. These include, but are not limited to, the
herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and adenine
phosphoribosyltransferase genes, for use in tk.sup.- and apr.sup.-
cells, respectively. (See, e.g., Wigler, M. et al. (1977) Cell
11:223-232; Lowy, I. et al. (1980) Cell 22:817-823.) Also,
antimetabolite, antibiotic, or herbicide resistance can be used as
the basis for selection. For example, dhfr confers resistance to
methotrexate; neo confers resistance to the aminoglycosides
neomycin and G418; and als and pat confer resistance to
chlorsulfuron and phosphinotricin acetyltransferase, respectively.
(See, e.g., Wigler, M. et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
77:3567-3570; Colbere-Garapin, F. et al. (1981) J. Mol. Biol.
150:1-14.) Additional selectable genes have been described, e.g.,
trpB and hisD, which alter cellular requirements for metabolites.
(See, e.g., Hartman, S. C. and R. C. Mulligan (1988) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 85:8047-8051.) Visible markers, e.g., anthocyanins,
green fluorescent proteins (GFP; Clontech), B glucuronidase and its
substrate B-glucuronide, or luciferase and its substrate luciferin
may be used. These markers can be used not only to identify
transformants, but also to quantify the amount of transient or
stable protein expression attributable to a specific vector system.
(See, e.g., Rhodes, C. A. (1995) Methods Mol. Biol.
55:121-131.)
[0191] Although the presence/absence of marker gene expression
suggests that the gene of interest is also present, the presence
and expression of the gene may need to be confirmed. For example,
if the sequence encoding PEIN is inserted within a marker gene
sequence, transformed cells containing sequences encoding PKIN can
be identified by the absence of marker gene function.
Alternatively, a marker gene can be placed in tandem with a
sequence encoding PKIN under the control of a single promoter.
Expression of the marker gene in response to induction or selection
usually indicates expression of the tandem gene as well.
[0192] In general, host cells that contain the nucleic acid
sequence encoding PKIN and that express PKIN may be identified by a
variety of procedures known to those of skill in the art. These
procedures include, but are not limited to, DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA
hybridizations, PCR amplification, and protein bioassay or
immunoassay techniques which include membrane, solution, or chip
based technologies for the detection and/or quantification of
nucleic acid or protein sequences.
[0193] Immunological methods for detecting and measuring the
expression of PKIN using either specific polyclonal or monoclonal
antibodies are known in the art. Examples of such techniques
include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs),
radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and fluorescence activated cell sorting
(FACS). A two-site, monoclonal-based immunoassay utilizing
monoclonal antibodies reactive to two non-interfering epitopes on
PKIN is preferred, but a competitive binding assay may be employed.
These and other assays are well known in the art. (See, e.g.,
Hampton, R. et al. (1990) Serological Methods, a Laboratory Manual,
APS Press, St. Paul Minn., Sect. IV; Coligan, J. E. et al. (1997)
Current Protocols in Immunology, Greene Pub. Associates and
Wiley-Interscience, New York N.Y.; and Pound, J. D. (1998)
Immunochemical Protocols, Humana Press, Totowa N.J.)
[0194] A wide variety of labels and conjugation techniques are
known by those skilled in the art and may be used in various
nucleic acid and amino acid assays. Means for producing labeled
hybridization or PCR probes for detecting sequences related to
polynucleotides encoding PKIN include oligolabeling, nick
translation, end-labeling, or PCR amplification using a labeled
nucleotide. Alternatively, the sequences encoding PKIN, or any
fragments thereof, may be cloned into a vector for the production
of an mRNA probe. Such vectors are known in the art, are
commercially available, and may be used to synthesize RNA probes in
vitro by addition of an appropriate RNA polymerase such as T7, T3,
or SP6 and labeled nucleotides. These procedures may be conducted
using a variety of commercially available kits, such as those
provided by Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Promega (Madison Wis.), and
US Biochemical. Suitable reporter molecules or labels which may be
used for ease of detection include radionuclides, enzymes,
fluorescent, chemiluminescent, or chromogenic agents, as well as
substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, magnetic particles, and the
like.
[0195] Host cells transformed with nucleotide sequences encoding
PKIN may be cultured under conditions suitable for the expression
and recovery of the protein from cell culture. The protein produced
by a transformed cell may be secreted or retained intracellularly
depending on the sequence and/or the vector used. As will be
understood by those of skill in the art, expression vectors
containing polynucleotides which encode PKIN may be designed to
contain signal sequences which direct secretion of PKIN through a
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell membrane.
[0196] In addition, a host cell strain may be chosen for its
ability to modulate expression of the inserted sequences or to
process the expressed protein in the desired fashion. Such
modifications of the polypeptide include, but are not limited to,
acetylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation,
lipidation, and acylation. Post-translational processing which
cleaves a "prepro" or "pro" form of the protein may also be used to
specify protein targeting, folding, and/or activity. Different host
cells which have specific cellular machinery and characteristic
mechanisms for post-translational activities (e.g., CHO, HeLa,
MDCK, HBEK293, and WI38) are available from the American Type
Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas Va.) and may be chosen to ensure
the correct modification and processing of the foreign protein.
[0197] In another embodiment of the invention, natural, modified,
or recombinant nucleic acid sequences encoding PKIN may be ligated
to a heterologous sequence resulting in translation of a fusion
protein in any of the aforementioned host systems. For example, a
chimeric PKIN protein containing a heterologous moiety that can be
recognized by a commercially available antibody may facilitate the
screening of peptide libraries for inhibitors of PKIN activity.
Heterologous protein and peptide moieties may also facilitate
purification of fusion proteins using commercially available
affinity matrices. Such moieties include, but are not limited to,
glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose binding protein (MBP),
thioredoxin (Trx), calmodulin binding peptide (CBP), 6-His, FLAG,
c-myc, and hemagglutinin (HA). GST, MBP, Trx, CBP, and 6-His enable
purification of their cognate fusion proteins on immobilized
glutathione, maltose, phenylarsine oxide, calmodulin, and
metal-chelate resins, respectively. FLAG, c-myc, and hemagglutinin
(HA) enable immunoaffinity purification of fusion proteins using
commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that
specifically recognize these epitope tags. A fusion protein may
also be engineered to contain a proteolytic cleavage site located
between the PKIN encoding sequence and the heterologous protein
sequence, so that PKIN may be cleaved away from the heterologous
moiety following purification. Methods for fusion protein
expression and purification are discussed in Ausubel (1995, supra,
ch. 10). A variety of commercially available kits may also be used
to facilitate expression and purification of fusion proteins.
[0198] In a further embodiment of the invention, synthesis of
radiolabeled PKIN may be achieved in: vitro using the TNT rabbit
reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract system (Promega). These
systems couple transcription and translation of protein-coding
sequences operably associated with the T7, T3, or SP6 promoters.
Translation takes place in the presence of a radiolabeled amino
acid precursor, for example, .sup.35S-methionine.
[0199] PKIN of the present invention or fragments thereof may be
used to screen for compounds that specifically bind to PKIN. At
least one and up to a plurality of test compounds may be screened
for specific binding to PKIN. Examples of test compounds include
antibodies, oligonucleotides, proteins (e.g., receptors), or small
molecules.
[0200] In one embodiment, the compound thus identified is closely
related to the natural ligand of PKIN, e.g., a ligand or fragment
thereof, a natural substrate, a structural or functional mimetic,
or a natural binding partner. (See, e.g., Coligan, J. E. et al.
(1991) Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2): Chapter 5.) Similarly,
the compound can be closely related to the natural receptor to
which PKIN binds, or to at least a fragment of the receptor, e.g.,
the ligand binding site. In either case, the compound can be
rationally designed using known techniques. In one embodiment,
screening for these compounds involves producing appropriate cells
which express PKIN, either as a secreted protein or on the cell
membrane. Preferred cells include cells from mammals, yeast,
Drosophila, or E. coli. Cells expressing PEIN or cell membrane
fractions which contain PKIN are then contacted with a test
compound and binding, stimulation, or inhibition of activity of
either PKIN or the compound is analyzed.
[0201] An assay may simply test binding of a test compound to the
polypeptide, wherein binding is detected by a fluorophore,
radioisotope, enzyme conjugate, or other detectable label. For
example, the assay may comprise the steps of combining at least one
test compound with PKIN, either in solution or affixed to a solid
support, and detecting the binding of PKIN to the compound.
Alternatively, the assay may detect or measure binding of a test
compound in the presence of a labeled competitor. Additionally, the
assay may be carried out using cell-free preparations, chemical
libraries, or natural product mixtures, and the test compound(s)
may be free in solution or affixed to a solid support.
[0202] PKIN of the present invention or fragments thereof may be
used to screen for compounds that modulate the activity of PKIN.
Such compounds may include agonists, antagonists, or partial or
inverse agonists. In one embodiment, an assay is performed under
conditions permissive for PKIN activity, wherein PKIN is combined
with at least one test compound, and the activity of PKIN in the
presence of a test compound is compared with the activity of PKIN
in the absence of the test compound. A change in the activity of
PKIN in the presence of the test compound is indicative of a
compound that modulates the activity of PKIN. Alternatively, a test
compound is combined with an in vitro or cell-free system
comprising PKIN under conditions suitable for PKIN activity, and
the assay is performed. In either of these assays, a test compound
which modulates the activity of PKIN may do so indirectly and need
not come in direct contact with the test compound. At least one and
up to a plurality of test compounds may be screened.
[0203] In another embodiment, polynucleotides encoding PKIN or
their mammalian homologs may be "knocked out" in an animal model
system using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells.
Such techniques are well known in the art and are useful for the
generation of animal models of human disease. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat.
No. 5,175,383 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,337.) For example, mouse ES
cells, such as the mouse 129/SvJ cell line, are derived from the
early mouse embryo and grown in culture. The ES cells are
transformed with a vector containing the gene of interest disrupted
by a marker gene, e.g., the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo;
Capecchi, M. R. (1989) Science 244:1288-1292). The vector
integrates into the corresponding region of the host genome by
homologous recombination. Alternatively, homologous recombination
takes place using the Cre-loxP system to knockout a gene of
interest in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner
(Marth, J. D. (1996) Clin. Invest. 97:1999-2002; Wagner, K. U. et
al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4323-4330). Transformed ES cells
are identified and microinjected into mouse cell blastocysts such
as those from the C57BL/6 mouse strain. The blastocysts are
surgically transferred to pseudopregnant dams, and the resulting
chimeric progeny are genotyped and bred to produce heterozygous or
homozygous strains. Transgenic animals thus generated may be tested
with potential therapeutic or toxic agents.
[0204] Polynucleotides encoding PKIN may also be manipulated in
vitro in ES cells derived from human blastocysts. Human ES cells
have the potential to differentiate into at least eight separate
cell lineages including endoderm, mesoderm, and ectodermal cell
types. These cell lineages differentiate into, for example, neural
cells, hematopoietic lineages, and cardiomyocytes (Thomson, J. A.
et al. (1998) Science 282:1145-1147).
[0205] Polynucleotides encoding PKIN can also be used to create
"knockin" humanized animals (pigs) or transgenic animals (mice or
rats) to model human disease. With knockin technology, a region of
a polynucleotide encoding PKIN is injected into animal ES cells,
and the injected sequence integrates into the animal cell genome.
Transformed cells are injected into blastulae, and the blastulae
are implanted as described above. Transgenic progeny or inbred
lines are studied and treated with potential pharmaceutical agents
to obtain information on treatment of a human disease.
Alternatively, a mammal inbred to overexpress PKIN, e.g., by
secreting PKIN in its milk, may also serve as a convenient source
of that protein (Janne, J. et al. (1998) Biotechnol. Annu. Rev.
4:55-74).
[0206] Therapeutics
[0207] Chemical and structural similarity, e.g., in the context of
sequences and motifs, exists between regions of PKIN and human
kinases. In addition, the expression of PKIN is closely associated
with cancer, diseased, proliferative, cardiac, tumorous, and
digestive tissues, degenerative diseases of the brain, suggesting
that PKIN plays a role in necrotic disorders affecting the central
nervous system, and neuronal tissues (e.g. brain and spinal cord,
see Table 6). Therefore, PKIN appears to play a role in maintenance
and potentially the neoplastic transformation of cells of the
central nervous system, and in cancer, immune disorders, disorders
affecting growth and development, cardiovascular diseases, and
lipid disorders. In the treatment of disorders associated with
increased PKIN expression or activity, it is desirable to decrease
the expression or activity of PKIN. In the treatment of disorders
associated with decreased PKIN expression or activity, it is
desirable to increase the expression or activity of PKIN.
[0208] Therefore, in one embodiment, PKIN or a fragment or
derivative thereof may be administered to a subject to treat or
prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity
of PKIN. Examples of such disorders include, but are not limited
to, a cancer, such as adenocarcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma,
myeloma, sarcoma, teratocarcinoma, and, in particular, cancers of
the adrenal gland, bladder, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast,
cervix, gall bladder, ganglia, gastrointestinal tract, heart,
kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, penis,
prostate, salivary glands, skin, spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid,
and uterus, leukemias such as multiple myeloma and lymphomas such
as Hodgkin's disease; an immune disorder, such as acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Addison's disease, adult
respiratory distress syndrome, allergies, ankylosing spondylitis,
amyloidosis, anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic
anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune
polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- -ectodermal dystrophy (APECED),
bronchitis, cholecystitis, contact dermatitis, Crohn's disease,
atopic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus, emphysema,
episodic lymphopenia with lymphocytotoxins, erythroblastosis
fetalis, erythema nodosum, atrophic gastritis, glomerulonephritis,
Goodpasture's syndrome, gout, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's
thyroiditis, hypereosinophilia, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple
sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myocardial or pericardial
inflammation, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pancreatitis,
polymyositis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis,
scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic anaphylaxis, systemic
lupus erytbematosus, systemic sclerosis, thrombocytopenic purpura,
ulcerative colitis, uveitis, Werner syndrome, complications of
cancer, hemodialysis, and extracorporeal circulation, viral,
bacterial, fungal, parasitic, protozoal, and helminthic infections,
and trauma; a growth and developmental disorder, such as actinic
keratosis, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, bursitis, cirrhosis,
hepatitis, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), myelofibrosis,
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, polycythemia vera, psoriasis,
primary thrombocythemia, and cancers including adenocarcinoma,
leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, teratocarcinoma,
and, in particular, cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, bone,
bone marrow, brain, breast, cervix, gall bladder, ganglia,
gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary,
pancreas, parathyroid, penis, prostate, salivary glands, skin,
spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid, and uterus, renal tubular
acidosis, anemia, Cushing's syndrome, achondroplastic dwarfism,
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, gonadal
dysgenesis, WAGR syndrome (Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary
abnormalities, and mental retardation), Smith-Magenis syndrome,
myelodysplastic syndrome, hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia,
hereditary keratodermas, hereditary neuropathies such as
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and neurofibromatosis, hypothyroidism,
hydrocephalus, seizure disorders such as Syndenham's chorea and
cerebral palsy, spina bifida, anencephaly, craniorachischisis,
congenital glaucoma, cataract, and sensorineural hearing loss; a
cardiovascular disease, such as arterioyenous fistula,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, vasculitis, Raynaud's disease,
aneurysms, arterial dissections, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis
and phlebothrombosis, vascular tumors, and complications of
thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, vascular replacement, and
coronary artery bypass graft surgery, congestive heart failure,
ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction,
hypertensive heart disease, degenerative valvular heart disease,
calcific aortic valve stenosis, congenitally bicuspid aortic valve,
mitral annular calcification, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic
fever and rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis,
nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, endocarditis of systemic
lupus erythematosus, carcinoid heart disease, cardiomyopathy,
myocarditis, pericarditis, neoplastic heart disease, congenital
heart disease, and complications of cardiac transplantation,
congenital lung anomalies, atelectasis, pulmonary congestion and
edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary
infarction, pulmonary hypertension, vascular sclerosis, obstructive
pulmonary disease, restrictive pulmonary disease, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis,
bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bacterial pneumonia, viral and
mycoplasmal pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis,
diffuse interstitial diseases, pneumoconioses, sarcoidosis,
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, desquamative interstitial
pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary eosinophilia
bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, diffuse pulmonary
hemorrhage syndromes, Goodpasture's syndromes, idiopathic pulmonary
hemosiderosis, pulmonary involvement in collagen-vascular
disorders, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lung tumors,
inflammatory and noninflammatory pleural effusions, pneumothorax,
pleural tumors, drug-induced lung disease, radiation-induced lung
disease, and complications of lung transplantation; and a lipid
disorder such as fatty liver, cholestasis, primary biliary
cirrhosis, carnitine deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase
deficiency, myoadenylate deaminase deficiency,
hypertriglyceridemia, lipid storage disorders such Fabry's disease,
Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick's disease, metachromatic
leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, GM.sub.2 gangliosidosis, and
ceroid lipofuscinosis, abetalipoproteinemia, Tangier disease,
hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, lipodystrophy,
lipomatoses, acute panniculitis, disseminated fat necrosis,
adiposis dolorosa, lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, minimal change
disease, lipomas, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia,
hypercholesterolemia with hypertriglyceridemia, primary
hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypothyroidism, renal disease, liver
disease, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency,
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, sitosterolemia,
hypocholesterolemia, Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease,
hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, lipid myopathies, and obesity.
[0209] In another embodiment, a vector capable of expressing PKIN
or a fragment or derivative thereof may be administered to a
subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with decreased
expression or activity of PKIN including, but not limited to, those
described above.
[0210] In a further embodiment, a composition comprising a
substantially purified PKIN in conjunction with a suitable
pharmaceutical carrier may be administered to a subject to treat or
prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity
of PKIN including, but not limited to, those provided above.
[0211] In still another embodiment, an agonist which modulates the
activity of PKIN may be administered to a subject to treat or
prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity
of PKEIN including, but not limited to, those listed above.
[0212] In a further embodiment, an antagonist of PKIN may be
administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated
with increased expression or activity of PKIN. Examples of such
disorders include, but are not limited to, those cancers, immune
disorders, disorders affecting growth and development,
cardiovascular diseases, and lipid disorders described above. In
one aspect, an antibody which specifically binds PKIN may be used
directly as an antagonist or indirectly as a targeting or delivery
mechanism for bringing a pharmaceutical agent to cells or tissues
which express PKIN.
[0213] In an additional embodiment, a vector expressing the
complement of the polynucleotide encoding PKIN may be administered
to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with
increased expression or activity of PKIN including, but not limited
to, those described above.
[0214] In other embodiments, any of the proteins, antagonists,
antibodies, agonists, complementary sequences, or vectors of the
invention may be administered in combination with other appropriate
therapeutic agents. Selection of the appropriate agents for use in
combination therapy may be made by one of ordinary skill in the
art, according to conventional pharmaceutical principles. The
combination of therapeutic agents may act synergistically to effect
the treatment or prevention of the various disorders described
above. Using this approach, one may be able to achieve therapeutic
efficacy with lower dosages of each agent, thus reducing the
potential for adverse side effects.
[0215] An antagonist of PKIN may be produced using methods which
are generally known in the art. In particular, purified PKIN may be
used to produce antibodies or to screen libraries of pharmaceutical
agents to identify those which specifically bind PKIN. Antibodies
to PKIN may also be generated using methods that are well known in
the art. Such antibodies may include, but are not limited to,
polyclonal, monoclonal, chimeric, and single chain antibodies, Fab
fragments, and fragments produced by a Fab expression library.
Neutralizing antibodies (i.e., those which inhibit dimer formation)
are generally preferred for therapeutic use.
[0216] For the production of antibodies, various hosts including
goats, rabbits, rats, mice, humans, and others may be immunized by
injection with PKIN or with any fragment or oligopeptide thereof
which has immunogenic properties. Depending on the host species,
various adjuvants may be used to increase immunological response.
Such adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's, mineral
gels such as aluminum hydroxide, and surface active substances such
as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil
emulsions, KLH, and dinitrophenol. Among adjuvants used in humans,
BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guerin) and Corynebacterium parvum are
especially preferable.
[0217] It is preferred that the oligopeptides, peptides, or
fragments used to induce antibodies to PKIN have an amino acid
sequence consisting of at least about 5 amino acids, and generally
will consist of at least about 10 amino acids. It is also
preferable that these oligopeptides, peptides, or fragments are
identical to a portion of the amino acid sequence of the natural
protein. Short stretches of PKIN amino acids may be fused with
those of another protein, such as KLH, and antibodies to the
chimeric molecule may be produced.
[0218] Monoclonal antibodies to PKIN may be prepared using any
technique which provides for the production of antibody molecules
by continuous cell lines in culture. These include, but are not
limited to, the hybridoma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma
technique, and the EBV-hybridoma technique. (See, e.g., Kohler, G.
et al. (1975) Nature 256:495497; Kozbor, D. et al. (1985) J.
Immunol. Methods 81:31-42; Cote, R. J. et al. (1983) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 80:2026-2030; and Cole, S. P. et al. (1984) Mol.
Cell Biol. 62:109-120.)
[0219] In addition, techniques developed for the production of
"chimeric antibodies," such as the splicing of mouse antibody genes
to human antibody genes to obtain a molecule with appropriate
antigen specificity and biological activity, can be used. (See,
e.g., Morrison, S. L. et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
81:6851-6855; Neuberger, M. S. et al. (1984) Nature 312:604-608;
and Takeda, S. et al. (1985) Nature 314:452-454.) Alternatively,
techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies
may be adapted, using methods known in the art, to produce
PKIN-specific single chain antibodies. Antibodies with related
specificity, but of distinct idiotypic composition, may be
generated by chain shuffling from random combinatorial
immunoglobulin libraries. (See, e.g., Burton, D. R. (1991) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10134-10137.) Antibodies may also be
produced by inducing in vivo production in the lymphocyte
population or by screening immunoglobulin libraries or panels of
highly specific binding reagents as disclosed in the literature.
(See, e.g., Orlandi, R. et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
86:3833-3837; Winter, G. et al. (1991) Nature 349:293-299.)
Antibody fragments which contain specific binding sites for PKIN
may also be generated. For example, such fragments include, but are
not limited to, F(ab').sub.2 fragments produced by pepsin digestion
of the antibody molecule and Fab fragments generated by reducing
the disulfide bridges of the F(ab')2 fragments. Alternatively, Fab
expression libraries may be constructed to allow rapid and easy
identification of monoclonal Fab fragments with the desired
specificity. (See, e.g., Huse, W. D. et al. (1989) Science
246:1275-1281.) Various immunoassays may be used for screening to
identify antibodies having the desired specificity. Numerous
protocols for competitive binding or immunoradiometric assays using
either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies with established
specificities are well known in the art. Such immunoassays
typically involve the measurement of complex formation between PKIN
and its specific antibody. A two-site, monoclonal-based immunoassay
utilizing monoclonal antibodies reactive to two non-interfering
PKIN epitopes is generally used, but a competitive binding assay
may also be employed (Pound, supra).
[0220] Various methods such as Scatchard analysis in conjunction
with radioimmunoassay techniques may be used to assess the affinity
of antibodies for PKIN. Affinity is expressed as an association
constant, K.sub.a, which is defined as the molar concentration of
PKIN-antibody complex divided by the molar concentrations of free
antigen and free antibody under equilibrium conditions. The K.sub.a
determined for a preparation of polyclonal antibodies, which are
heterogeneous in their affinities for multiple PKIN epitopes,
represents the average affinity, or avidity, of the antibodies for
PKIN. The K.sub.a determined for a preparation of monoclonal
antibodies, which are monospecific for a particular PKIN epitope,
represents a true measure of affinity. High-affinity antibody
preparations with K.sub.a ranging from about 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.12
L/mole are preferred for use in immunoassays in which the
PKIN-antibody complex must withstand rigorous manipulations.
Low-affinity antibody preparations with K, ranging from about
10.sup.6 to 10.sup.7 L/mole are preferred for use in
immunopurification and similar procedures which ultimately require
dissociation of PKIN, preferably in active form, from the antibody
(Catty, D. (1988) Antibodies. Volume I: A Practical Approach, IRL
Press, Washington D.C.; Liddell, J. E. and A. Cryer (1991) A
Practical Guide to Monoclonal Antibodies, John Wiley & Sons,
New York N.Y.).
[0221] The titer and avidity of polyclonal antibody preparations
may be further evaluated to determine the quality and suitability
of such preparations for certain downstream applications. For
example, a polyclonal antibody preparation containing at least 1-2
mg specific antibody/ml, preferably 5-10 mg specific antibody/ml,
is generally employed in procedures requiring precipitation of
PKIN-antibody complexes. Procedures for evaluating antibody
specificity, titer, and avidity, and guidelines for antibody
quality and usage in various applications, are generally available.
(See, e.g., Catty, supra, and Coligan et al. supra.) In another
embodiment of the invention, the polynucleotides encoding PKIN, or
any fragment or complement thereof, may be used for therapeutic
purposes. In one aspect, modifications of gene expression can be
achieved by designing complementary sequences or antisense
molecules (DNA, RNA, PNA, or modified oligonucleotides) to the
coding or regulatory regions of the gene encoding PKIN. Such
technology is well known in the art, and antisense oligonucleotides
or larger fragments can be designed from various locations along
the coding or control regions of sequences encoding PKIN. (See,
e.g., Agrawal, S., ed. (1996) Antisense Therapeutics, Humana Press
Inc., Totawa N.J.)
[0222] In therapeutic use, any gene delivery system suitable for
introduction of the antisense sequences into appropriate target
cells can be used. Antisense sequences can be delivered
intracellularly in the form of an expression plasmid which, upon
transcription, produces a sequence complementary to at least a
portion of the cellular sequence encoding the target protein. (See,
e.g., Slater, J. E. et al. (1998) J. Allergy Cli. Immunol.
102(3):469-475; and Scanlon, K. J. et al. (1995) 9(13):1288-1296.)
Antisense sequences can also be introduced intracellularly through
the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and adeno-associated
virus vectors. (See, e.g., Miller, A. D. (1990) Blood 76:271;
Ausubel, supra; Uckert, W. and W. Walther (1994) Pharmacol. Ther.
63(3):323-347.) Other gene delivery mechanisms include
liposome-derived systems, artificial viral envelopes, and other
systems known in the art. (See, e.g., Rossi, J. J. (1995) Br. Med.
Bull. 51(1):217-225; Boado, R. J. et al. (1998) J. Pharm. Sci.
87(11):1308-1315; and Morris, M. C. et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids
Res. 25(14):2730-2736.)
[0223] In another embodiment of the invention, polynucleotides
encoding PKIN may be used for somatic or germline gene therapy.
Gene therapy may be performed to (i) correct a genetic deficiency
(e.g., in the cases of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1
disease characterized by X-linked inheritance (Cavazzana-Calvo, M.
et al. (2000) Science 288:669-672), severe combined
immunodeficiency syndrome associated with an inherited adenosine
deaminase (ADA) deficiency (Blaese, R. M. et al. (1995) Science
270:475-480; Bordignon, C. et al. (1995) Science 270:470-475),
cystic fibrosis (Zabner, J. et al. (1993) Cell 75:207-216; Crystal,
R. G. et al. (1995) Hum Gene Therapy 6:643-666; Crystal, R. G. et
al. (1995) Hum. Gene Therapy 6:667-703), thalassamias, familial
hypercholesterolemia, and hemophilia resulting from Factor VIII or
Factor IX deficiencies (Crystal, R. G. (1995) Science 270:404410;
Verma, I. M. and N. Somia (1997) Nature 389:239-242)), (ii) express
a conditionally lethal gene product (e.g., in the case of cancers
which result from unregulated cell proliferation), or (iii) express
a protein which affords protection against intracellular parasites
(e.g., against human retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) (Baltimore, D. (1988) Nature 335:395-396; Poeschla, E.
et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:11395-11399),
hepatitis B or C virus (HBV, HCV); fungal parasites, such as
Candida albicans and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; and protozoan
parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi). In
the case where a genetic deficiency in PKIN expression or
regulation causes disease, the expression of PKIN from an
appropriate population of transduced cells may alleviate the
clinical manifestations caused by the genetic deficiency.
[0224] In a further embodiment of the invention, diseases or
disorders caused by deficiencies in PKIN are treated by
constructing mammalian expression vectors encoding PKIN and
introducing these vectors by mechanical means into PKIN-deficient
cells. Mechanical transfer technologies for use with cells in vivo
or ex vitro include (i) direct DNA microinjection into individual
cells, (ii) ballistic gold particle delivery, (iii)
liposome-mediated transfection, (iv) receptor-mediated gene
transfer, and (v) the use of DNA transposons (Morgan, R. A. and W.
F. Anderson (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:191-217; Ivics, Z. (1997)
Cell 91:501-510; Boulay, J -L. and H. Rcipon (1998) Curr. Opin.
Biotechnol. 9:445-450).
[0225] Expression vectors that may be effective for the expression
of PKIN include, but are not limited to, the PcDNA 3.1, EPITAG,
PRCCMV2, PREP, PVAX vectors (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif.),
PCMV-SCRIPT, PCMV-TAG, PEGSH/PERV (Stratagene, La Jolla Calif.),
and PTET-OFF, PTET-ON, PTRE2, PTRE2-LUC, PTK-HYG (Clontech, Palo
Alto Calif.). PKN may be expressed using (i) a constitutively
active promoter, (e.g., from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rous sarcoma
virus (RSV), SV40 virus, thymidine kinase (TK), or mactin genes),
(ii) an inducible promoter (e.g., the tetracycline-regulated
promoter (Gossen, M. and H. Bujard (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 89:5547-5551, Gossen, M. et al. (1995) Science 268:1766-1769;
Rossi, F. M. V. and H. M. Blau (1998) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
9:451-456), commercially available in the T-REX plasmid
(Invitrogen)); the ecdysone-inducible promoter (available in the
plasmids PVGRXR and PIND; Invitrogen); the FKS06/rapamycin
inducible promoter; or the RU486/mifepristone inducible promoter
(Rossi, F. M. V. and Blau, H. M. supra)), or (iii) a
tissue-specific promoter or the native promoter of the endogenous
gene encoding PKIN from a normal individual.
[0226] Commercially available liposome transformation kits (e.g.,
the PERFECT LIPID TRANSFECTION KIT, available from Invitrogen)
allow one with ordinary skill in the art to deliver polynucleotides
to target cells in culture and require minimal effort to optimize
experimental parameters. In the alternative, transformation is
performed using the calcium phosphate method (Graham, F. L. and A.
J. Eb (1973) Virology 52:456467), or by electroporation (Neumann,
E. et al. (1982) EMBO J. 1:841-845). The introduction of DNA to
primary cells requires modification of these standardized mammalian
transfection protocols.
[0227] In another embodiment of the invention, diseases or
disorders caused by genetic defects with respect to PKN expression
are treated by constructing a retrovirus vector consisting of (i)
the polynucleotide encoding PKIN under the control of an
independent promoter or the retrovirus long terminal repeat (LTR)
promoter, (ii) appropriate RNA packaging signals, and (iii) a
Rev-responsive element (RRE) along with additional retrovirus
cis-acting RNA sequences and coding sequences required for
efficient vector propagation. Retrovirus vectors (e.g., PFB and
PFBNEO) are commercially available (Stratagene) and are based on
published data (Riviere, I. et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 92:6733-6737), incorporated by reference herein. The vector is
propagated in an appropriate vector producing cell line (VPCL) that
expresses an envelope gene with a tropism for receptors on the
target cells or a promiscuous envelope protein such as VSVg
(Armentano, D. et al. (1987) J. Virol. 61:1647-1650; Bender, M. A.
et al. (1987) J. Virol. 61:1639-1646; Adam, M. A. and A. D. Miller
(1988) J. Virol. 62:3802-3806; Dull, T. et al. (1998) J. Virol.
72:8463-8471; Zufferey, R. et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:9873-9880).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,910,434 to Rigg ("Method for obtaining retrovirus
packaging cell lines producing high transducing efficiency
retroviral supernatant") discloses a method for obtaining
retrovirus packaging cell lines and is hereby incorporated by
reference. Propagation of retrovirus vectors, transduction of a
population of cells (e.g., CD4.sup.+ T-cells), and the return of
transduced cells to a patient are procedures well known to persons
skilled in the art of gene therapy and have been well documented
(Ranga, U. et al. (1997) J. Virol. 71:7020-7029; Bauer, G. et al.
(1997) Blood 89:2259-2267; Bonyhadi, M. L. (1997) J. Virol.
71:4707-4716; Ranga, U. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
95:1201-1206; Su, L. (1997) Blood 89:2283-2290).
[0228] In the alternative, an adenovirus-based gene therapy
delivery system is used to deliver polynucleotides encoding PKIN to
cells which have one or more genetic abnormalities with respect to
the expression of PKIN. The construction and packaging of
adenovirus-based vectors are well known to those with ordinary
skill in the art. Replication defective adenovirus vectors have
proven to be versatile for importing genes encoding
immunoregulatory proteins into intact islets in the pancreas
(Csete, M. E. et al. (1995) Transplantation 27:263-268).
Potentially useful adenoviral vectors are described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,707,618 to Armentano ("Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy"),
hereby incorporated by reference. For adenoviral vectors, see also
Antinozzi, P. A. et al. (1999) Annu. Rev. Nutr. 19:511-544 and
Verma, I. M. and N. Somia (1997) Nature 18:389:239-242, both
incorporated by reference herein.
[0229] In another alternative, a herpes-based, gene therapy
delivery system is used to deliver polynucleotides encoding PKIN to
target cells which have one or more genetic abnormalities with
respect to the expression of PKIN. The use of herpes simplex virus
(HSV)-based vectors may be especially valuable for introducing PKIN
to cells of the central nervous system, for which HSV has a
tropism. The construction and packaging of herpes-based vectors are
well known to those with ordinary skill in the art. A
replication-competent herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-based
vector has been used to deliver a reporter gene to the eyes of
primates (Liu, X. et al. (1999) Exp. Eye Res. 169:385-395). The
construction of a HSV-1 virus vector has also been disclosed in
detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,413 to DeLuca ("Herpes simplex virus
strains for gene transfer"), which is hereby incorporated by
reference. U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,413 teaches the use of recombinant
HSV d92 which consists of a genome containing at least one
exogenous gene to be transferred to a cell under the control of the
appropriate promoter for purposes including human gene therapy.
Also taught by this patent are the construction and use of
recombinant HSV strains deleted for ICP4, ICP27 and ICP22. For HSV
vectors, see also Goins, W. F. et al. (1999) J. Virol. 73:519-532
and Xu, H. et al. (1994) Dev. Biol. 163:152-161, hereby
incorporated by reference. The manipulation of cloned herpesvirus
sequences, the generation of recombinant virus following the
transfection of multiple plasmids containing different segments of
the large herpesvirus genomes, the growth and propagation of
herpesvirus, and the infection of cells with herpesvirus are
techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[0230] In another alternative, an alphavirus (positive,
single-stranded RNA virus) vector is used to deliver
polynucleotides encoding PKIN to target cells. The biology of the
prototypic alphavirus, Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), has been studied
extensively and gene transfer vectors have been based on the SFV
genome (Garoff, H. and K. -J. Li (1998) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
9:464-469). During alphavirus RNA replication, a subgenomic RNA is
generated that normally encodes the viral capsid proteins. This
subgenomic RNA replicates to higher levels than the full length
genomic RNA, resulting in the overproduction of capsid proteins
relative to the viral proteins with enzymatic activity (e.g.,
protease and polymerase). Similarly, inserting the coding sequence
for PKIN into the alphavirus genome in place of the capsid-coding
region results in the production of a large number of PKIN-coding
RNAs and the synthesis of high levels of PKIN in vector transduced
cells. While alphavirus infection is typically associated with cell
lysis within a few days, the ability to establish a persistent
infection in hamster normal kidney cells (BHK-21) with a variant of
Sindbis virus (SIN) indicates that the lytic replication of
alphaviruses can be altered to suit the needs of the gene therapy
application (Dryga, S. A. et al. (1997) Virology 228:74-83). The
wide host range of alphaviruses will allow the introduction of PKIN
into a variety of cell types. The specific transduction of a subset
of cells in a population may require the sorting of cells prior to
transduction. The methods of manipulating infectious cDNA clones of
alphaviruses, performing alphavirus cDNA and RNA transfections, and
performing alphavirus infections, are well known to those with
ordinary skill in the art.
[0231] Oligonucleotides derived from the transcription initiation
site, e.g., between about positions -10 and +10 from the start
site, may also be employed to inhibit gene expression. Similarly,
inhibition can be achieved using triple helix base-pairing
methodology. Triple helix pairing is useful because it causes
inhibition of the ability of the double helix to open sufficiently
for the binding of polymerases, transcription factors, or
regulatory molecules. Recent therapeutic advances using triplex DNA
have been described in the literature. (See, e.g., Gee, J. E. et
al. (1994) in Huber, B. E. and B. I. Carr, Molecular and
Immunologic Approaches, Futura Publishing, Mt. Kisco N.Y., pp.
163-177.) A complementary sequence or antisense molecule may also
be designed to block translation of mRNA by preventing the
transcript from binding to ribosomes.
[0232] Ribozymes, enzymatic RNA molecules, may also be used to
catalyze the specific cleavage of RNA. The mechanism of ribozyme
action involves sequence-specific hybridization of the ribozyme
molecule to complementary target RNA, followed by endonucleolytic
cleavage. For example, engineered hammerhead motif ribozyme
molecules may specifically and efficiently catalyze endonucleolytic
cleavage of sequences encoding PKIN.
[0233] Specific ribozyme cleavage sites within any potential RNA
target are initially identified by scanning the target molecule for
ribozyme cleavage sites, including the following sequences: GUA,
GUU, and GUC. Once identified, short RNA sequences of between 15
and 20 ribonucleotides, corresponding to the region of the target
gene containing the cleavage site, may be evaluated for secondary
structural features which may render the oligonucleotide
inoperable. The suitability of candidate targets may also be
evaluated by testing accessibility to hybridization with
complementary oligonucleotides using ribonuclease protection
assays.
[0234] Complementary ribonucleic acid molecules and ribozymes of
the invention may be prepared by any method known in the art for
the synthesis of nucleic acid molecules. These include techniques
for chemically synthesizing oligonucleotides such as solid phase
phosphoramidite chemical synthesis. Alternatively, RNA molecules
may be generated by in vitro and in vivo transcription of DNA
sequences encoding PKIN. Such DNA sequences may be incorporated
into a wide variety of vectors with suitable RNA polymerase
promoters such as T7 or SP6. Alternatively, these cDNA constructs
that synthesize complementary RNA, constitutively or inducibly, can
be introduced into cell lines, cells, or tissues.
[0235] RNA molecules may be modified to increase intracellular
stability and half-life. Possible modifications include, but are
not limited to, the addition of flanking sequences at the 5' and/or
3' ends of the molecule, or the use of phosphorothioate or
2'O-methyl rather than phosphodiesterase linkages within the
backbone of the molecule. This concept is inherent in the
production of PNAs and can be extended in all of these molecules by
the inclusion of nontraditional bases such as inosine, queosine,
and wybutosine, as well as acetyl-, methyl-, thio-, and similarly
modified forms of adenine, cytidine, guanine, thymine, and uridine
which are not as easily, recognized by endogenous
endonucleases.
[0236] An additional embodiment of the invention encompasses a
method for screening for a compound which is effective in altering
expression of a polynucleotide encoding PKIN. Compounds which may
be effective in altering expression of a specific polynucleotide
may include, but are not limited to, oligonucleotides, antisense
oligonucleotides, triple helix-forming oligonucleotides,
transcription factors and other polypeptide transcriptional
regulators, and non-macromolecular chemical entities which are
capable of interacting with specific polynucleotide sequences.
Effective compounds may alter polynucleotide expression by acting
as either inhibitors or promoters of polynucleotide expression.
Thus, in the treatment of disorders associated with increased PKIN
expression or activity, a compound which specifically inhibits
expression of the polynucleotide encoding PKIN may be
therapeutically useful, and in the treament of disorders associated
with decreased PKIN expression or activity, a compound which
specifically promotes expression of the polynucleotide encoding
PKIN may be therapeutically useful.
[0237] At least one, and up to a plurality, of test compounds may
be screened for effectiveness in altering expression of a specific
polynucleotide. A test compound may be obtained by any method
commonly known in the art, including chemical modification of a
compound known to be effective in altering polynucleotide
expression; selection from an existing, commercially-available or
proprietary library of naturally-occurring or non-natural chemical
compounds; rational design of a compound based on chemical and/or
structural properties of the target polynucleotide; and selection
from a library of chemical compounds created combinatorially or
randomly. A sample comprising a polynucleotide encoding PKIN is
exposed to at least one test compound thus obtained. The sample may
comprise, for example, an intact or permeabilized cell, or an in
vitro cell-free or reconstituted biochemical system. Alterations in
the expression of a polynucleotide encoding PKIN are assayed by any
method commonly known in the art. Typically, the expression of a
specific nucleotide is detected by hybridization with a probe
having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the sequence of the
polynucleotide encoding PKIN. The amount of hybridization may be
quantified, thus forming the basis for a comparison of the
expression of the polynucleotide both with and without exposure to
one or more test compounds. Detection of a change in the expression
of a polynucleotide exposed to a test compound indicates that the
test compound is effective in altering the expression of the
polynucleotide. A screen for a compound effective in altering
expression of a specific polynucleotide can be carried out, for
example, using a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene expression system
(Atkins, D. et al. (1999) U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,435; Arndt, G. M. et
al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res. 28:E15) or a human cell line such as
HeLa cell (Clarke, M. L. et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun. 268:8-13). A particular embodiment of the present invention
involves screening a combinatorial library of oligonucleotides
(such as deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, peptide nucleic
acids, and modified oligonucleotides) for antisense activity
against a specific polynucleotide sequence (Bruice, T. W. et al.
(1997) U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,242; Bruice, T. W. et al. (2000) U.S.
Pat. No. 6,022,691).
[0238] Many methods for introducing vectors into cells or tissues
are available and equally suitable for use in vivo, in vitro, and
ex vivo. For ex vivo therapy, vectors may be introduced into stem
cells taken from the patient and clonally propagated for autologous
transplant back into that same patient. Delivery by transfection,
by liposome injections, or by polycationic amino polymers may be
achieved using methods which are well known in the art. (See, e.g.,
Goldman, C. K. et al. (1997) Nat. Biotechnol. 15:462466.)
[0239] Any of the therapeutic methods described above may be
applied to any subject in need of such therapy, including, for
example, mammals such as humans, dogs, cats, cows, horses, rabbits,
and monkeys.
[0240] An additional embodiment of the invention relates to the
administration of a composition which generally comprises an active
ingredient formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
Excipients may include, for example, sugars, starches, celluloses,
gums, and proteins. Various formulations are commonly known and are
thoroughly discussed in the latest edition of Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences (Maack Publishing, Easton Pa.). Such
compositions may consist of PKIN, antibodies to PKIN, and mimetics,
agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors of PKIN.
[0241] The compositions utilized in this invention may be
administered by any number of routes including, but not limited to,
oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary,
intrathecal, intraventricular, pulmonary, transdermal,
subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical,
sublingual, or rectal means.
[0242] Compositions for pulmonary administration may be prepared in
liquid or dry powder form. These compositions are generally
aerosolized immediately prior to inhalation by the patient. In the
case of small molecules (e.g. traditional low molecular weight
organic drugs), aerosol delivery of fast-acting formulations is
well-known in the art. In the case of macromolecules (e.g. larger
peptides and proteins), recent developments in the field of
pulmonary delivery via the alveolar region of the lung have enabled
the practical delivery of drugs such as insulin to blood
circulation (see, e.g., Patton, J. S. et al., U.S. Pat. No.
5,997,848). Pulmonary delivery has the advantage of administration
without needle injection, and obviates the need for potentially
toxic penetration enhancers.
[0243] Compositions suitable for use in the invention include
compositions wherein the active ingredients are contained in an
effective amount to achieve the intended purpose. The determination
of an effective dose is well within the capability of those skilled
in the art.
[0244] Specialized forms of compositions may be prepared for direct
intracellular delivery of macromolecules comprising PKIN or
fragments thereof. For example, liposome preparations containing a
cell-impermeable macromolecule may promote cell fusion and
intracellular delivery of the macromolecule. Alternatively, PKIN or
a fragment thereof may be joined to a short cationic N-terminal
portion from the HIV Tat-1 protein. Fusion proteins thus generated
have been found to transduce into the cells of all tissues,
including the brain, in a mouse model system (Schwarze, S. R. et
al. (1999) Science 285:1569-1572).
[0245] For any compound, the therapeutically effective dose can be
estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g., of
neoplastic cells, or in animal models such as mice, rats, rabbits,
dogs, monkeys, or pigs. An animal model may also be used to
determine the appropriate concentration range and route of
administration. Such information can then be used to determine
useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
[0246] A therapeutically effective dose refers to that amount of
active ingredient, for example PKIN or fragments thereof,
antibodies of PKIN, and agonists, antagonists or inhibitors of
PKIN, which ameliorates the symptoms or condition. Therapeutic
efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical
procedures in cell cultures or with experimental animals, such as
by calculating the ED.sub.50 (the dose therapeutically effective in
50% of the population) or LD.sub.50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the
population) statistics. The dose ratio of toxic to therapeutic
effects is the therapeutic index, which can be expressed as the
LD.sub.50/ED.sub.50 ratio. Compositions which exhibit large
therapeutic indices are preferred. The data obtained from cell
culture assays and animal studies are used to formulate a range of
dosage for human use. The dosage contained in such compositions is
preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that
includes the ED.sub.50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage
varies within this range depending upon the dosage form employed,
the sensitivity of the patient, and the route of
administration.
[0247] The exact dosage will be determined by the practitioner, in
light of factors related to the subject requiring treatment. Dosage
and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the
active moiety or to maintain the desired effect. Factors which may
be taken into account include the severity of the disease state,
the general health of the subject, the age, weight, and gender of
the subject, time and frequency of administration, drug
combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and response to therapy.
Long-acting compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days,
every week, or biweekly depending on the half-life and clearance
rate of the particular formulation.
[0248] Normal dosage amounts may vary from about 0.1 .mu.g to
100,000 .mu.g, up to a total dose of about 1 gram, depending upon
the route of administration. Guidance as to particular dosages and
methods of delivery is provided in the literature and generally
available to practitioners in the art. Those skilled in the art
will employ different formulations for nucleotides than for
proteins or their inhibitors. Similarly, delivery of
polynucleotides or polypeptides will be specific to particular
cells, conditions, locations, etc.
[0249] Diagnostics
[0250] In another embodiment, antibodies which specifically bind
PKIN may be used for the diagnosis of disorders characterized by
expression of PKIN, or in assays to monitor patients being treated
with PKIN or agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors of PKIN.
Antibodies useful for diagnostic purposes may be prepared in the
same manner as described above for therapeutics. Diagnostic assays
for PKIN include methods which utilize the antibody and a label to
detect PKIN in human body fluids or in extracts of cells or
tissues. The antibodies may be used with or without modification,
and may be labeled by covalent or non-covalent attachment of a
reporter molecule. A wide variety of reporter molecules, several of
which are described above, are known in the art and may be
used.
[0251] A variety of protocols for measuring PKIN, including ELISAs,
RIAs, and FACS, are known in the art and provide a basis for
diagnosing altered or abnormal levels of PKIN expression. Normal or
standard values for PKIN expression are established by combining
body fluids or cell extracts taken from normal mammalian subjects,
for example, human subjects, with antibodies to PKIN under
conditions suitable for complex formation. The amount of standard
complex formation may be quantitated by various methods, such as
photometric means. Quantities of PKIN expressed in subject,
control, and disease samples from biopsied tissues are compared
with the standard values. Deviation between standard and subject
values establishes the parameters for diagnosing disease.
[0252] In another embodiment of the invention, the polynucleotides
encoding PKIN may be used for diagnostic purposes. The
polynucleotides which may be used include oligonucleotide
sequences, complementary RNA and DNA molecules, and PNAs. The
polynucleotides may be used to detect and quantify gene expression
in biopsied tissues in which expression of PKIN may be correlated
with disease. The diagnostic assay may be used to determine
absence, presence, and excess expression of PKIN, and to monitor
regulation of PKIN levels during therapeutic intervention.
[0253] In one aspect, hybridization with PCR probes which are
capable of detecting polynucleotide sequences, including genomic
sequences, encoding PKIN or closely related molecules may be used
to identify nucleic acid sequences which encode PKIN. The
specificity of the probe, whether it is made from a highly specific
region, e.g., the 5' regulatory region, or from a less specific
region, e.g., a conserved motif, and the stringency of the
hybridization or amplification will determine whether the probe
identifies only naturally occurring sequences encoding PKIN,
allelic variants, or related sequences.
[0254] Probes may also be used for the detection of related
sequences, and may have at least 50% sequence identity to any of
the PKIN encoding sequences. The hybridization probes of the
subject invention may be DNA or RNA and may be derived from the
sequence of SEQ ID NO:19-36 or from genomic sequences including
promoters, enhancers, and introns of the PKIN gene.
[0255] Means for producing specific hybridization probes for DNAs
encoding PKIN include the cloning of polynucleotide sequences
encoding PKIN or PKIN derivatives into vectors for the production
of mRNA probes. Such vectors are known in the art, are commercially
available, and may be used to synthesize RNA probes in vitro by
means of the addition of the appropriate RNA polymerases and the
appropriate labeled nucleotides. Hybridization probes may be
labeled by a variety of reporter groups, for example, by
radionuclides such as .sup.32P or .sup.35S, or by enzymatic labels,
such as alkaline phosphatase coupled to the probe via avidin/biotin
coupling systems, and the like.
[0256] Polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN may be used for the
diagnosis of disorders associated with expression of PKIN. Examples
of such disorders include, but are not limited to, a cancer, such
as adenocarcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma,
teratocarcinoma, and, in particular, cancers of the adrenal gland,
bladder, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast, cervix, gall bladder,
ganglia, gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung,
muscle, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, penis, prostate, salivary
glands, skin, spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid, and uterus,
leukemias such as multiple myeloma and lymphomas such as Hodgkin's
disease; an immune disorder, such as acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), Addison's disease, adult respiratory distress
syndrome, allergies, ankylosing spondylitis, amyloidosis, anemia,
asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune
thyroiditis, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- -ectodermal
dystrophy (APECED), bronchitis, cholecystitis, contact dermatitis,
Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, diabetes
mellitus, emphysema, episodic lymphopenia with lymphocytotoxins,
erythroblastosis fetalis, erythema nodosum, atrophic gastritis,
glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, gout, Graves' disease,
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypereosinophilia, irritable bowel
syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myocardial or
pericardial inflammation, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis,
pancreatitis, polymyositis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome,
rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic
anaphylaxis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis,
thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, Werner
syndrome, complications of cancer, hemodialysis, and extracorporeal
circulation, viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, protozoal, and
helminthic infections, and trauma; a growth and developmental
disorder, such as actinic keratosis, arteriosclerosis,
atherosclerosis, bursitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, mixed connective
tissue disease (MCID), myelofibrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal
hemoglobinuria, polycythemia vera, psoriasis, primary
thrombocythemia, and cancers including adenocarcinoma, leukemia,
lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, teratocarcinoma, and, in
particular, cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, bone, bone
marrow, brain, breast, cervix, gall bladder, ganglia,
gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary,
pancreas, parathyroid, penis, prostate, salivary glands, skin,
spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid, and uterus, renal tubular
acidosis, anemia, Cushing's syndrome, achondroplastic dwarfism,
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, gonadal
dysgenesis, WAGR syndrome (Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary
abnormalities, and mental retardation), Smith-Magenis syndrome,
myelodysplastic syndrome, hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia,
hereditary keratodermas, hereditary neuropathies such as
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and neurofibromatosis, hypothyroidism,
hydrocephalus, seizure disorders such as Syndenham's chorea and
cerebral palsy, spina bifida, anencephaly, craniorachischisis,
congenital glaucoma, cataract, and sensorineural hearing loss; a
cardiovascular disease, such as arterioyenous fistula,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, vasculitis, Raynaud's disease,
aneurysms, arterial dissections, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis
and phlebothrombosis, vascular tumors, and complications of
thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, vascular replacement, and
coronary artery bypass graft surgery, congestive heart failure,
ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction,
hypertensive heart disease, degenerative valvular heart disease,
calcific aortic valve stenosis, congenitally bicuspid aortic valve,
mitral annular calcification, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic
fever and rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis,
nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, endocarditis of systemic
lupus erythematosus, carcinoid heart disease, cardiomyopathy,
myocarditis, pericarditis, neoplastic heart disease, congenital
heart disease, and complications of cardiac transplantation,
congenital lung anomalies, atelectasis, pulmonary congestion and
edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary
infarction, pulmonary hypertension, vascular sclerosis, obstructive
pulmonary disease, restrictive pulmonary disease, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis,
bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bacterial pneumonia, viral and
mycoplasmal pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis,
diffuse interstitial diseases, pneumocomoses, sarcoidosis,
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, desquamative interstitial
pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary eosinophilia
bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia, diffuse pulmonary
hemorrhage syndromes, Goodpasture's syndromes, idiopathic pulmonary
hemosiderosis, pulmonary involvement in collagen-vascular
disorders, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lung tumors,
inflammatory and noninflammatory pleural effusions, pneumothorax,
pleural tumors, drug-induced lung disease, radiation-induced lung
disease, and complications of lung transplantation; and a lipid
disorder such as fatty liver, cholestasis, primary biliary
cirrhosis, carnitine deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase
deficiency, myoadenylate deaminase deficiency,
hypertriglyceridemia, lipid storage disorders such Fabry's disease,
Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick's disease, metachromatic
leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, GM.sub.2 gangliosidosis, and
ceroid lipofuscinosis, abetalipoproteinemia, Tangier disease,
hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, lipodystrophy,
lipomatoses, acute panniculitis, disseminated fat necrosis,
adiposis dolorosa, lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, minimal change
disease, lipomas, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia,
hypercholesterolemia with hypertriglyceridemia, primary
hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypothyroidism, renal disease, liver
disease, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency,
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, sitosterolemia,
hypocholesterolemia, Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease,
hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, lipid myopathies, and obesity. The
polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN may be used in Southern or
northern analysis, dot blot, or other membrane-based technologies;
in PCR technologies; in dipstick, pin, and multiformat ELISA-like
assays; and in microarrays utilizing fluids or tissues from
patients to detect altered PKIN expression. Such qualitative or
quantitative methods are well known in the art.
[0257] In a particular aspect, the nucleotide sequences encoding
PKIN may be useful in assays that detect the presence of associated
disorders, particularly those mentioned above. The nucleotide
sequences encoding PKIN may be labeled by standard methods and
added to a fluid or tissue sample from a patient under conditions
suitable for the formation of hybridization complexes. After a
suitable incubation period, the sample is washed and the signal is
quantified and compared with a standard value. If the amount of
signal in the patient sample is significantly altered in comparison
to a control sample then the presence of altered levels of
nucleotide sequences encoding PKIN in the sample indicates the
presence of the associated disorder. Such assays may also be used
to evaluate the efficacy of a particular therapeutic treatment
regimen in animal studies, in clinical trials, or to monitor the
treatment of an individual patient.
[0258] In order to provide a basis for the diagnosis of a disorder
associated with expression of PKIN, a normal or standard profile
for expression is established. This may be accomplished by
combining body fluids or cell extracts taken from normal subjects,
either animal or human, with a sequence, or a fragment thereof,
encoding PKIN, under conditions suitable for hybridization or
amplification. Standard hybridization may be quantified by
comparing the values obtained from normal subjects with values from
an experiment in which a known amount of a substantially purified
polynucleotide is used. Standard values obtained in this manner may
be compared with values obtained from samples from patients who are
symptomatic for a disorder. Deviation from standard values is used
to establish the presence of a disorder.
[0259] Once the presence of a disorder is established and a
treatment protocol is initiated, hybridization assays may be
repeated on a regular basis to determine if the level of expression
in the patient begins to approximate that which is observed in the
normal subject. The results obtained from successive assays may be
used to show the efficacy of treatment over a period ranging from
several days to months.
[0260] With respect to cancer, the presence of an abnormal amount
of transcript (either under- or overexpressed) in biopsied tissue
from an individual may indicate a predisposition for the
development of the disease, or may provide a means for detecting
the disease prior to the appearance of actual clinical symptoms. A
more definitive diagnosis of this type may allow health
professionals to employ preventative measures or aggressive
treatment earlier thereby preventing the development or further
progression of the cancer.
[0261] Additional diagnostic uses for oligonucleotides designed
from the sequences encoding PKIN may involve the use of PCR. These
oligomers may be chemically synthesized, generated enzymatically,
or produced in vitro. Oligomers will preferably contain a fragment
of a polynucleotide encoding PKIN, or a fragment of a
polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide encoding PKIN,
and will be employed under optimized conditions for identification
of a specific gene or condition. Oligomers may also be employed
under less stringent conditions for detection or quantification of
closely related DNA or RNA sequences.
[0262] In a particular aspect, oligonucleotide primers derived from
the polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN may be used to detect
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs are substitutions,
insertions and deletions that are a frequent cause of inherited or
acquired genetic disease in humans. Methods of SNP detection
include, but are not limited to, single-stranded conformation
polymorphism (SSCP) and fluorescent SSCP (fSSCP) methods. In SSCP,
oligonucleotide primers derived from the polynucleotide sequences
encoding PKIN are used to amplify DNA using the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). The DNA may be derived, for example, from diseased
or normal tissue, biopsy samples, bodily fluids, and the like. SNPs
in the DNA cause differences in the secondary and tertiary
structures of PCR products in single-stranded form, and these
differences are detectable using gel electrophoresis in
non-denaturing gels. In fSCCP, the oligonucleotide primers are
fluorescently labeled, which allows detection of the amplimers in
high-throughput equipment such as DNA sequencing machines.
Additionally, sequence database analysis methods, termed in silico
SNP (is SNP), are capable of identifying polymorphisms by comparing
the sequence of individual overlapping DNA fragments which assemble
into a common consensus sequence. These computer-based methods
filter out sequence variations due to laboratory preparation of DNA
and sequencing errors using statistical models and automated
analyses of DNA sequence chromatograms. In the alternative, SNPs
may be detected and characterized by mass spectrometry using, for
example, the high throughput MASSARRAY system (Sequenom, Inc., San
Diego Calif.).
[0263] Methods which may also be used to quantify the expression of
PKIN include radiolabeling or biotinylating nucleotides,
coamplification of a control nucleic acid, and interpolating
results from standard curves. (See, e.g., Melby, P. C. et al.
(1993) J. Immunol. Methods 159:235-244; Duplaa, C. et al. (1993)
Anal. Biochem. 212:229-236.) The speed of quantitation of multiple
samples may be accelerated by running the assay in a
high-throughput format where the oligomer or polynucleotide of
interest is presented in various dilutions and a spectrophotometric
or colorimetric response gives rapid quantitation.
[0264] In further embodiments, oligonucleotides or longer fragments
derived from any of the polynucleotide sequences described herein
may be used as elements on a microarray. The microarray can be used
in transcript imaging techniques which monitor the relative
expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously as
described below. The microarray may also be used to identify
genetic variants, mutations, and polymorphisms. This information
may be used to determine gene function, to understand the genetic
basis of a disorder, to diagnose a disorder, to monitor
progression/regression of disease as a function of gene expression,
and to develop and monitor the activities of therapeutic agents in
the treatment of disease. In particular, this information may be
used to develop a pharmacogenomic profile of a patient in order to
select the most appropriate and effective treatment regimen for
that patient. For example, therapeutic agents which are highly
effective and display the fewest side effects may be selected for a
patient based on his/her pharmacogenomic profile.
[0265] In another embodiment, PKIN, fragments of PKIN, or
antibodies specific for PKIN may be used as elements on a
microarray. The microarray may be used to monitor or measure
protein-protein interactions, drug-target interactions, and gene
expression profiles, as described above.
[0266] A particular embodiment relates to the use of the
polynucleotides of the present invention to generate a transcript
image of a tissue or cell type. A transcript image represents the
global pattern of gene expression by a particular tissue or cell
type. Global gene expression patterns are analyzed by quantifying
the number of expressed genes and their relative abundance under
given conditions and at a given time. (See Seilhamer et al.,
"Comparative Gene Transcript Analysis," U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,484,
expressly incorporated by reference herein.) Thus a transcript
image may be generated by hybridizing the polynucleotides of the
present invention or their complements to the totality of
transcripts or reverse transcripts of a particular tissue or cell
type. In one embodiment, the hybridization takes place in
high-throughput format, wherein the polynucleotides of the present
invention or their complements comprise a subset of a plurality of
elements on a microarray. The resultant transcript image would
provide a profile of gene activity.
[0267] Transcript images may be generated using transcripts
isolated from tissues, cell lines, biopsies, or other biological
samples. The transcript image may thus reflect gene expression in
vivo, as in the case of a tissue or biopsy sample, or in vitro, as
in the case of a cell line.
[0268] Transcript images which profile the expression of the
polynucleotides of the present invention may also be used in
conjunction with in vitro model systems and preclinical evaluation
of pharmaceuticals, as well as toxicological testing of industrial
and naturally-occurring environmental compounds. All compounds
induce characteristic gene expression patterns, frequently termed
molecular fingerprints or toxicant signatures, which are indicative
of mechanisms of action and toxicity (Nuwaysir, E. F. et al. (1999)
Mol. Carcinog. 24:153-159; Steiner, S. and N. L. Anderson (2000)
Toxicol. Lett. 112-113:467-471, expressly incorporated by reference
herein). If a test compound has a signature similar to that of a
compound with known toxicity, it is likely to share those toxic
properties. These fingerprints or signatures are most useful and
refined when they contain expression information from a large
number of genes and gene families. Ideally, a genome-wide
measurement of expression provides the highest quality signature.
Even genes whose expression is not altered by any tested compounds
are important as well, as the levels of expression of these genes
are used to normalize the rest of the expression data. The
normalization procedure is useful for comparison of expression data
after treatment with different compounds. While the assignment of
gene function to elements of a toxicant signature aids in
interpretation of toxicity mechanisms, knowledge of gene function
is not necessary for the statistical matching of signatures which
leads to prediction of toxicity. (See, for example, Press Release
00-02 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
released Feb. 29, 2000, available at
http://www.niebs.nih.gov/oc/news/toxchip.htm.) Therefore, it is
important and desirable in toxicological screening using toxicant
signatures to include all expressed gene sequences.
[0269] In one embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is
assessed by treating a biological sample containing nucleic acids
with the test compound. Nucleic acids that are expressed in the
treated biological sample are hybridized with one or more probes
specific to the polynucleotides of the present invention, so that
transcript levels corresponding to the polynucleotides of the
present invention may be quantified. The transcript levels in the
treated biological sample are compared with levels in an untreated
biological sample. Differences in the transcript levels between the
two samples are indicative of a toxic response caused by the test
compound in the treated sample.
[0270] Another particular embodiment relates to the use of the
polypeptide sequences of the present invention to analyze the
proteome of a tissue or cell type. The term proteome refers to the
global pattern of protein expression in a particular tissue or cell
type. Each protein component of a proteome can be subjected
individually to further analysis. Proteome expression patterns, or
profiles, are analyzed by quantifying the number of expressed
proteins and their relative abundance under given conditions and at
a given time. A profile of a cell's proteome may thus be generated
by separating and analyzing the polypeptides of a particular tissue
or cell type. In one embodiment, the separation is achieved using
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins from a
sample are separated by isoelectric focusing in the first
dimension, and then according to molecular weight by sodium dodecyl
sulfate slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension (Steiner
and Anderson, supra). The proteins are visualized in the gel as
discrete and uniquely positioned spots, typically by staining the
gel with an agent such as Coomassie Blue or silver or fluorescent
stains. The optical density of each protein spot is generally
proportional to the level of the protein in the sample. The optical
densities of equivalently positioned protein spots from different
samples, for example, from biological samples either treated or
untreated with a test compound or therapeutic agent, are compared
to identify any changes in protein spot density related to the
treatment. The proteins in the spots are partially sequenced using,
for example, standard methods employing chemical or enzymatic
cleavage followed by mass spectrometry. The identity of the protein
in a spot may be determined by comparing its partial sequence,
preferably of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, to the
polypeptide sequences of the present invention. In some cases,
further sequence data may be obtained for definitive protein
identification.
[0271] A proteomic profile may also be generated using antibodies
specific for PKIN to quantify the levels of PKIN expression. In one
embodiment, the antibodies are used as elements on a microarray,
and protein expression levels are quantified by exposing the
microarray to the sample and detecting the levels of protein bound
to each array element (Lueking, A. et al. (1999) Anal. Biochem.
270:103-111; Mendoze, L. G. et al. (1999) Biotechniques
27:778-788). Detection may be performed by a variety of methods
known in the art, for example, by reacting the proteins in the
sample with a thiol- or amino-reactive fluorescent compound and
detecting the amount of fluorescence bound at each array
element.
[0272] Toxicant signatures at the proteome level are also useful
for toxicological screening, and should be analyzed in parallel
with toxicant signatures at the transcript level. There is a poor
correlation between transcript and protein abundances for some
proteins in some tissues (Anderson, N. J. and J. Seilhamner (1997)
Electrophoresis 18:533-537), so proteome toxicant signatures may be
useful in the analysis of compounds which do not significantly
affect the transcript image, but which alter the proteomic profile.
In addition, the analysis of transcripts in body fluids is
difficult, due to rapid degradation of mRNA, so proteomic profiling
may be more reliable and informative in such cases.
[0273] In another embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is
assessed by treating a biological sample containing proteins with
the test compound. Proteins that are expressed in the treated
biological sample are separated so that the amount of each protein
can be quantified. The amount of each protein is compared to the
amount of the corresponding protein in an untreated biological
sample. A difference in the amount of protein between the two
samples is indicative of a toxic response to the test compound in
the treated sample. Individual proteins are identified by
sequencing the amino acid residues of the individual proteins and
comparing these partial sequences to the polypeptides of the
present invention.
[0274] In another embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is
assessed by treating a biological sample containing proteins with
the test compound. Proteins from the biological sample are
incubated with antibodies specific to the polypeptides of the
present invention. The amount of protein recognized by the
antibodies is quantified. The amount of protein in the treated
biological sample is compared with the amount in an untreated
biological sample. A difference in the amount of protein between
the two samples is indicative of a toxic response to the test
compound in the treated sample.
[0275] Microarrays may be prepared, used, and analyzed using
methods known in the art. (See, e.g., Brennan, T. M. et al. (1995)
U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,796; Schena, M. et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 93:10614-10619; Baldeschweiler et al. (1995) PCT
application WO95/251116; Shalon, D. et al. (1995) PCT application
WO95/35505; Heller, R. A. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
94:2150-2155; and Heller, M. J. et al. (1997) U.S. Pat. No.
5,605,662.) Various types of microarrays are well known and
thoroughly described in DNA Microarrays: A Practical Approach, M.
Schena, ed. (1999) Oxford University Press, London, hereby
expressly incorporated by reference.
[0276] In another embodiment of the invention, nucleic acid
sequences encoding PKIN may be used to generate hybridization
probes useful in mapping the naturally occurring genomic sequence.
Either coding or noncoding sequences may be used, and in some
instances, noncoding sequences may be preferable over coding
sequences. For example, conservation of a coding sequence among
members of a multi-gene family may potentially cause undesired
cross hybridization during chromosomal mapping. The sequences may
be mapped to a particular chromosome, to a specific region of a
chromosome, or to artificial chromosome constructions, e.g., human
artificial chromosomes (HACs), yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs),
bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), bacterial P1
constructions, or single chromosome cDNA libraries. (See, e.g.,
Harrington, J. J. et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 15:345-355; Price, C.
M. (1993) Blood Rev. 7:127-134; and Trask, B. J. (1991) Trends
Genet. 7:149-154.) Once mapped, the nucleic acid sequences of the
invention may be used to develop genetic linkage maps, for example,
which correlate the inheritance of a disease state with the
inheritance of a particular chromosome region or restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (See, for example, Lander, E.
S. and D. Botstein (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7353-7357.)
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) may be correlated with
other physical and genetic map data. (See, e.g., Heinz-Ulrich, et
al. (1995) in Meyers, supra, pp. 965-968.) Examples of genetic map
data can be found in various scientific journals or at the Online
Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) World Wide Web site.
Correlation between the location of the gene encoding PKIN on a
physical map and a specific disorder, or a predisposition to a
specific disorder, may help define the region of DNA associated
with that disorder and thus may further positional cloning
efforts.
[0277] In situ hybridization of chromosomal preparations and
physical mapping techniques, such as linkage analysis using
established chromosomal markers, may be used for extending genetic
maps. Often the placement of a gene on the chromosome of another
mammalian species, such as mouse, may reveal associated markers
even if the exact chromosomal locus is not known. This information
is valuable to investigators searching for disease genes using
positional cloning or other gene discovery techniques. Once the
gene or genes responsible for a disease or syndrome have been
crudely localized by genetic linkage to a particular genomic
region, e.g., ataxia-telangiectasia to 11q22-23, any sequences
mapping to that area may represent associated or regulatory genes
for further investigation. (See, e.g., Gatti, R. A. et al. (1988)
Nature 336:577-580.) The nucleotide sequence of the instant
invention may also be used to detect differences in the chromosomal
location due to translocation, inversion, etc., among normal,
carrier, or affected individuals.
[0278] In another embodiment of the invention, PKIN, its catalytic
or immunogenic fragments, or oligopeptides thereof can be used for
screening libraries of compounds in any of a variety of drug
screening techniques. The fragment employed in such screening may
be free in solution, affixed to a solid support, borne on a cell
surface, or located intracellularly. The formation of binding
complexes between PKIN and the agent being tested may be
measured.
[0279] Another technique for drug screening provides for high
throughput screening of compounds having suitable binding affinity
to the protein of interest. (See, e.g., Geysen, et al. (1984) PCT
application WO84/03564.) In this method, large numbers of different
small test compounds are synthesized on a solid substrate. The test
compounds are reacted with PKIN, or fragments thereof, and washed.
Bound PKIN is then detected by methods well known in the art.
Purified PKIN can also be coated directly onto plates for use in
the aforementioned drug screening techniques. Alternatively,
non-neutralizing antibodies can be used to capture the peptide and
immobilize it on a solid support.
[0280] In another embodiment, one may use competitive drug
screening assays in which neutralizing antibodies capable of
binding PKIN specifically compete with a test compound for binding
PKIN. In this manner, antibodies can be used to detect the presence
of any peptide which shares one or more antigenic determinants with
PKIN.
[0281] In additional embodiments, the nucleotide sequences which
encode PKIN may be used in any molecular biology techniques that
have yet to be developed, provided the new techniques rely on
properties of nucleotide sequences that are currently known,
including, but not limited to, such properties as the triplet
genetic code and specific base pair interactions.
[0282] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled
in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the
present invention to its fullest extent. The following embodiments
are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not
limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way
whatsoever.
[0283] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled
in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the
present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred
specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely
illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure
in any way whatsoever.
[0284] The disclosures of all patents, applications, and
publications mentioned above and below, including U.S. Ser. No.
60/199,021, U.S. Ser. No. 60/200,226, U.S. Ser. No. 60/202,339,
U.S. Ser. No. 60/203,505, U.S. Ser. No. 60/205,654, U.S. Ser. No.
60/207,739, and U.S. Ser. No. 60/208,795, are hereby expressly
incorporated by reference.
EXAMPLES
[0285] 1. Construction of cDNA Libraries
[0286] Incyte cDNAs were derived from cDNA libraries described in
the LIFESEQ GOLD database (Incyte Genomics, Palo Alto Calif.) and
shown in Table 4, column 5. Some tissues were homogenized and lysed
in guanidinium isothiocyanate, while others were homogenized and
lysed in phenol or in a suitable mixture of denaturants, such as
TRIZOL (Life Technologies), a monophasic solution of phenol and
guanidine isothiocyanate. The resulting lysates were centrifuged
over CsCl cushions or extracted with chloroform. RNA was
precipitated from the lysates with either isopropanol or sodium
acetate and ethanol, or by other routine methods.
[0287] Phenol extraction and precipitation of RNA were repeated as
necessary to increase RNA purity. In some cases, RNA was treated
with DNase. For most libraries, poly(A).sup.+ RNA was isolated
using oligo d(T)coupled paramagnetic particles (Promega), OLIGOTEX
latex particles (QIAGEN, Chatsworth Calif.), or an OLIGOTEX mRNA
purification kit (QIAGEN). Alternatively, RNA was isolated directly
from tissue lysates using other RNA isolation kits, e.g., the
POLY(A)PURE mRNA purification kit (Ambion, Austin Tex.). in some
cases, Stratagene was provided with RNA and constructed the
corresponding cDNA libraries. Otherwise, cDNA was synthesized and
cDNA libraries were constructed with the UNIAP vector system
(Stratagene) or SUPERSCRIPT plasmid system (Life Technologies),
using the recommended procedures or similar methods known in the
art. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1997, supra, units 5.10.6.) Reverse
transcription was initiated using oligo d(T) or random primers.
Synthetic oligonucleotide adapters were ligated to double stranded
cDNA, and the cDNA was digested with the appropriate restriction
enzyme or enzymes. For most libraries, the cDNA was size-selected
(300-1000 bp) using SEPHACRYL S1000, SEPHAROSE CL2B, or SEPHAROSE
CL4B column chromatography (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) or
preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. cDNAs were ligated into
compatible restriction enzyme sites of the polylinker of a suitable
plasmid, e.g., PBLUESCRIPT plasmid (Stratagene), PSPORT1 plasmid
(Life Technologies), PCDNA2.1 plasmid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad
Calif.), PBK-CMV plasmid (Stratagene), or pINCY (Incyte Genomics,
Palo Alto Calif.), or derivatives thereof Recombinant plasmids were
transformed into competent E. coli cells including XL1-Blue,
XL1-BlueMRF, or SOLR from Stratagene or DHS.alpha., DH10B, or
ElectroMAX DH10B from Life Technologies.
[0288] II. Isolation of cDNA Clones
[0289] Plasmids obtained as described in Example I were recovered
from host cells by in vivo excision using the UNIAP vector system
(Stratagene) or by cell lysis. Plasmids were purified using at
least one of the following: a Magic or WIZARD Minipreps DNA
purification system (Promega); an AGTC Miniprep purification kit
(Edge Biosystems, Gaithersburg Md.); and QIAWELL 8 Plasmid, QIAWELL
8 Plus Plasmid, QIAWELL 8 Ultra Plasmid purification systems or the
R.E.A.L. PREP 96 plasmid purification kit from QIAGEN. Following
precipitation, plasmids were resuspended in 0.1 ml of distilled
water and stored, with or without lyophilization, at 4.degree.
C.
[0290] Alternatively, plasmid DNA was amplified from host cell
lysates using direct link PCR in a high-throughput format (Rao, V.
B. (1994) Anal. Biochem. 216:1-14). Host cell lysis and thermal
cycling steps were carried out in a single reaction mixture Samples
were processed and stored in 384-well plates, and the concentration
of amplified plasmid DNA was quantified fluorometrically using
PICOGREEN dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene Oreg.) and a FLUOROSKAN II
fluorescence scanner (Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland).
[0291] III. Sequencing and Analysis
[0292] Incyte cDNA recovered in plasmids as described in Example II
were sequenced as follows. Sequencing reactions were processed
using standard methods or high-throughput instrumentation such as
the ABI CATALYST 800 (Applied Biosystems) thermal cycler or the
PTC-200 thermal cycler (MJ Research) in conjunction with the HYDRA
microdispenser (Robbins Scientific) or the MICROLAB 2200 (Hamilton)
liquid transfer system. cDNA sequencing reactions were prepared
using reagents provided by Amersham Pharmacia Biotech or supplied
in ABI sequencing kits such as the ABI PRISM BIGDYE Terminator
cycle sequencing ready reaction kit (Applied Biosystems).
Electrophoretic separation of cDNA sequencing reactions and
detection of labeled polynucleotides were carried out using the
MEGABACE 1000 DNA sequencing system (Molecular Dynamics); the ABI
PRISM 373 or 377 sequencing system (Applied Biosystems) in
conjunction with standard ABI protocols and base calling software;
or other sequence analysis systems known in the art. Reading frames
within the cDNA sequences were identified using standard methods
(reviewed in Ausubel, 1997, supra, unit 7.7). Some of the cDNA
sequences were selected for extension using the techniques
disclosed in Example VIII.
[0293] The polynucleotide sequences derived from Incyte cDNAs were
validated by removing vector, linker, and poly(A) sequences and by
masking ambiguous bases, using algorithms and programs based on
BLAST, dynamic programming, and dinucleotide nearest neighbor
analysis. The Incyte cDNA sequences or translations thereof were
then queried against a selection of public databases such as the
GenBank primate, rodent, mammalian, vertebrate, and eukaryote
databases, and BLOCKS, PRINTS, DOMO, PRODOM, and hidden Markov
model (HMM)-based protein family databases such as PFAM. (HMM is a
probabilistic approach which analyzes consensus primary structures
of gene families. See, for example, Eddy, S. R. (1996) Curr. Opin.
Struct. Biol. 6:361-365.) The queries were performed using programs
based on BLAST, FASTA, BLIMPS, and HMMER. The Incyte cDNA sequences
were assembled to produce full length polynucleotide sequences.
Alternatively, GenBank cDNAs, GenBank ESTs, stitched sequences,
stretched sequences, or Genscan-predicted coding sequences (see
Examples IV and V) were used to extend Incyte cDNA assemblages to
full length. Assembly was performed using programs based on Phred,
Phrap, and Consed, and cDNA assemblages were screened for open
reading frames using programs based on GeneMark, BLAST, and FASTA.
The full length polynucleotide sequences were translated to derive
the corresponding full length polypeptide sequences. Alternatively,
a polypeptide of the invention may begin at any of the methionine
residues of the full length translated polypeptide. Full length
polypeptide sequences were subsequently analyzed by querying
against databases such as the GenBank protein databases (genpept),
SwissProt, BLOCKS, PRINTS, DOMO, PRODOM, Prosite, and hidden Markov
model (HMM)-based protein family databases such as PPAM. Full
length polynucleotide sequences are also analyzed using MACDNASIS
PRO software (Hitachi Software Engineering, South San Francisco
Calif.) and LASERGENE software (DNASTAR). Polynucleotide and
polypeptide sequence alignments are generated using default
parameters specified by the CLUSTAL algorithm as incorporated into
the MEGALIGN multisequence alignment program (DNASTAR), which also
calculates the percent identity between aligned sequences.
[0294] Table 7 summarizes the tools, programs, and algorithms used
for the analysis and assembly of Incyte cDNA and full length
sequences and provides applicable descriptions, references, and
threshold parameters. The first column of Table 7 shows the tools,
programs, and algorithms used, the second column provides brief
descriptions thereof, the third column presents appropriate
references, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety, and the fourth column presents, where applicable,
the scores, probability values, and other parameters used to
evaluate the strength of a match between two sequences (the higher
the score or the lower the probability value, the greater the
identity between two sequences).
[0295] The programs described above for the assembly and analysis
of full length polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences were also
used to identify polynucleotide sequence fragments from SEQ ID
NO:19-36. Fragments from about 20 to about 4000 nucleotides which
are useful in hybridization and amplification technologies are
described in Table 4, column 4.
[0296] IV. Identification and Editing of Coding Sequences from
Genomic DNA
[0297] Putative human kinases were initially identified by running
the Genscan gene identification program against public genomic
sequence databases (e.g., gbpri and gbhtg). Genscan is a
general-purpose gene identification program which analyzes genomic
DNA sequences from a variety of organisms (See Burge, C. and S.
Karlin (1997) J. Mol. Biol. 268:78-94, and Burge, C. and S. Karlin
(1998) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 8:346354). The program
concatenates predicted exons to form an assembled cDNA sequence
extending from a methionine to a stop codon. The output of Genscan
is a FASTA database of polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences.
The maximum range of sequence for Genscan to analyze at once was
set to 30 kb. To determine which of these Genscan predicted cDNA
sequences encode human kinases, the encoded polypeptides were
analyzed by querying against PFAM models for kinases. Potential
human kinases were also identified by homology to Incyte cDNA
sequences that had been annotated as kinases. These selected
Genscan-predicted sequences were then compared by BLAST analysis to
the genpept and gbpri public databases. Where necessary, the
Genscan-predicted sequences were then edited by comparison to the
top BLAST hit from genpept to correct errors in the sequence
predicted by Genscan, such as extra or omitted exons. BLAST
analysis was also used to find any Incyte cDNA or public cDNA
coverage of the Genscan-predicted sequences, thus providing
evidence for transcription. When Incyte cDNA coverage was
available, this information was used to correct or confirm the
Genscan predicted sequence. Full length polynucleotide sequences
were obtained by assembling Genscan-predicted coding sequences with
Incyte cDNA sequences and/or public cDNA sequences using the
assembly process described in Example III. Alternatively, full
length polynucleotide sequences were derived entirely from edited
or unedited Genscan-predicted coding sequences.
[0298] V. Assembly of Genomic Sequence Data with cDNA Sequence
Data
[0299] "Stitched" Sequences
[0300] Partial cDNA sequences were extended with exons predicted by
the Genscan gene identification program described in Example IV.
Partial cDNAs assembled as described in Example m were mapped to
genomic DNA and parsed into clusters containing related cDNAs and
Genscan exon predictions from one or more genomic sequences. Each
cluster was analyzed using an algorithm based on graph theory and
dynamic programming to integrate cDNA and genomic information,
generating possible splice variants that were subsequently
confirmed, edited, or extended to create a full length sequence.
Sequence intervals in which the entire length of the interval was
present on more than one sequence in the cluster were identified,
and intervals thus identified were considered to be equivalent by
transitivity. For example, if an interval was present on a cDNA and
two genomic sequences, then all three intervals were considered to
be equivalent. This process allows unrelated but consecutive
genomic sequences to be brought together, bridged by cDNA sequence.
Intervals thus identified were then "stitched" together by the
stitching algorithm in the order that they appear along their
parent sequences to generate the longest possible sequence, as well
as sequence variants. Linkages between intervals which proceed
along one type of parent sequence (cDNA to cDNA or genomic sequence
to genomic sequence) were given preference over linkages which
change parent type (cDNA to genomic sequence). The resultant
stitched sequences were translated and compared by BLAST analysis
to the genpept and gbpri public databases. Incorrect exons
predicted by Genscan were corrected by comparison to the top BLAST
hit from genpept. Sequences were further extended with additional
cDNA sequences, or by inspection of genomic DNA, when
necessary.
[0301] "Stretched" Sequences
[0302] Partial DNA sequences were extended to full length with an
algorithm based on BLAST analysis. First, partial cDNAs assembled
as described in Example III were queried against public databases
such as the GenBank primate, rodent, mammalian, vertebrate, and
eukaryote databases using the BLAST program. The nearest GenBank
protein homolog was then compared by BLAST analysis to either
Incyte cDNA sequences or GenScan exon predicted sequences described
in Example IV. A chimeric protein was generated by using the
resultant high-scoring segment pairs (HSPs) to map the translated
sequences onto the GenBank protein homolog. Insertions or deletions
may occur in the chimeric protein with respect to the original
GenBank protein homolog. The GenBank protein homolog, the chimeric
protein, or both were used as probes to search for homologous
genomic sequences from the public human genome databases. Partial
DNA sequences were therefore "stretched" or extended by the
addition of homologous genomic sequences. The resultant stretched
sequences were examined to determine whether it contained a
complete gene.
[0303] VI. Chromosomal Mapping of PKIN Encoding Polynucleotides
[0304] The sequences which were used to assemble SEQ ID NO:19-36
were compared with sequences from the Incyte LIFESEQ database and
public domain databases using BLAST and other implementations of
the Smith-Waterman algorithm. Sequences from these databases that
matched SEQ ID NO:19-36 were assembled into clusters of contiguous
and overlapping sequences using assembly algorithms such as Phrap
(Table 7). Radiation hybrid and genetic mapping data available from
public resources such as the Stanford Human Genome Center (SHGC),
Whitehead Institute for Genome Research (WIGR), and Genethon were
used to determine if any of the clustered sequences had been
previously mapped. Inclusion of a mapped sequence in a cluster
resulted in the assignment of all sequences of that cluster,
including its particular SEQ ID NO:, to that map location.
[0305] Map locations are represented by ranges, or intervals, of
human chromosomes. The map position of an interval, in
centiMorgans, is measured relative to the terminus of the
chromosome's p-arm. (The centiMorgan (cM) is a unit of measurement
based on recombination frequencies between chromosomal markers. On
average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA in
humans, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of
recombination.) The cM distances are based on genetic markers
mapped by Genethon which provide boundaries for radiation hybrid
markers whose sequences were included in each of the clusters.
Human genome maps and other resources available to the public, such
as the NCBI "GeneMap'99" World Wide Web site
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni- h.gov/genemap/), can be employed to
determine if previously identified disease genes map within or in
proximity to the intervals indicated above.
[0306] In this manner, SEQ ID NO:24 was mapped to chromosome 2
within the interval from 92.30 to 103.1 centiMorgans, SEQ ID NO:25
was mapped to chromosome 11 within the interval from 104.8 to 117.9
centiMorgans, SEQ ID NO:33 was mapped to chromosome 8 within the
interval from 25.8 to 40.3 centiMorgans, SEQ ID NO:23 was mapped to
chromosome 9 within the interval from 101.20 to 104.90
centiMorgans, to chromosome 10 within the interval from 145.20 to
156.60 centiMorgans, and to chromosome 19 within the interval from
69.90 to 81.20 centiMorgans. More than one map location is reported
for SEQ ID NO:23, indicating that sequences having different map
locations were assembled into a single cluster. This situation
occurs when sequences having strong similarity, but not complete
identity, are assembled into a single cluster.
[0307] VII. Analysis of Polynucleotide Expression
[0308] Northern analysis is a laboratory technique used to detect
the presence of a transcript of a gene and involves the
hybridization of a labeled nucleotide sequence to a membrane on
which RNAs from a particular cell type or tissue have been bound.
(See, e.g., Sambrook, supra, ch. 7; Ausubel (1995) supra, ch. 4 and
16.)
[0309] Analogous computer techniques applying BLAST were used to
search for identical or related molecules in cDNA databases such as
GenBank or LIFESEQ (Incyte Genomics). This analysis is much faster
than multiple membrane-based hybridizations. In addition, the
sensitivity of the computer search can be modified to determine
whether any particular match is categorized as exact or similar.
The basis of the search is the product score, which is defined as:
1 BLAST Score .times. Percent Identity 5 .times. minimum { length (
Seq . 1 ) , length ( Seq . 2 ) }
[0310] The product score takes into account both the degree of
similarity between two sequences and the length of the sequence
match. The product score is a normalized value between 0 and 100,
and is calculated as follows: the BLAST score is multiplied by the
percent nucleotide identity and the product is divided by (5 times
the length of the shorter of the two sequences). The BLAST score is
calculated by assigning a score of +5 for every base that matches
in a high-scoring segment pair (HSP), and 4 for every mismatch. Two
sequences may share more than one HSP (separated by gaps). If there
is more than one HSP, then the pair with the highest BLAST score is
used to calculate the product score. The product score represents a
balance between fractional overlap and quality in a BLAST
alignment. For example, a product score of 100 is produced only for
100% identity over the entire length of the shorter of the two
sequences being compared. A product score of 70 is produced either
by 100% identity and 70% overlap at one end, or by 88% identity and
100% overlap at the other. A product score of 50 is produced either
by 100% identity and 50% overlap at one end, or 79% identity and
100% overlap.
[0311] Alternatively, polynucleotide sequences encoding PKIN are
analyzed with respect to the tissue sources from which they were
derived. For example, some full length sequences are assembled, at
least in part, with overlapping Incyte cDNA sequences (see Example
III). Each cDNA sequence is derived from a cDNA library constructed
from a human tissue. Each human tissue is classified into one of
the following organ/tissue categories: cardiovascular system;
connective tissue; digestive system; embryonic structures;
endocrine system; exocrine glands; genitalia, female; genitalia,
male; germ cells; hemic and immune system; liver; musculoskeletal
system; nervous system; pancreas; respiratory system; sense organs;
skin; stomatognathic system; unclassified/mixed; or urinary tract.
The number of libraries in each category is counted and divided by
the total number of libraries across all categories. Similarly,
each human tissue is classified into one of the following
disease/condition categories: cancer, cell line, developmental,
inflammation, neurological, trauma, cardiovascular, pooled, and
other, and the number of libraries in each category is counted and
divided by the total number of libraries across all categories. The
resulting percentages reflect the tissue- and disease-specific
expression of cDNA encoding PKIN. cDNA sequences and cDNA
library/tissue information are found in the LIFESEQ GOLD database
(Incyte Genomics, Palo Alto Calif.).
[0312] VIII. Extension of PKIN Encoding Polynucleotides
[0313] Pull length polynucleotide sequences were also produced by
extension of an appropriate fragment of the full length molecule
using oligonucleotide primers designed from this fragment. One
primer was synthesized to initiate 5' extension of the known
fragment, and the other primer was synthesized to initiate 3'
extension of the known fragment. The initial primers were designed
using OLIGO 4.06 software (National Biosciences), or another
appropriate program, to be about 22 to 30 nucleotides in length, to
have a GC content of about 50% or more, and to anneal to the target
sequence at temperatures of about 68.degree. C. to about 72.degree.
C. Any stretch of nucleotides which would result in hairpin
structures and primer-primer dimerizations was avoided.
[0314] Selected human cDNA libraries were used to extend the
sequence. If more than one extension was necessary or desired,
additional or nested sets of primers were designed.
[0315] High fidelity amplification was obtained by PCR using
methods well known in the art. PCR was performed in 96-well plates
using the PTC-200 thermal cycler (MJ Research, Inc.). The reaction
mix contained DNA template, 200 mmol of each primer, reaction
buffer containing Me.sup.2+, (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4, and
2-mercaptoethanol, Taq DNA polymerase (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech),
ELONGASE enzyme (Life Technologies), and Pfu DNA polymerase
(Stratagene), with the following parameters for primer pair PCI A
and PCI B: Step 1: 94.degree. C., 3 min; Step 2: 94.degree. C., 15
sec; Step 3: 60.degree. C., 1 min; Step 4: 68.degree. C., 2 min;
Step 5: Steps 2, 3, and 4 repeated 20 times; Step 6: 68.degree. C.,
5 min; Step 7: storage at 4.degree. C. In the alternative, the
parameters for primer pair T7 and SK+ were as follows: Step 1:
94.degree. C., 3 min; Step 2: 94.degree. C., 15 sec; Step 3:
57.degree. C., 1 min; Step 4: 68.degree. C., 2 min; Step 5: Steps
2, 3, and 4 repeated 20 times;
[0316] Step 6: 68.degree. C., 5 min; Step 7: storage at 4.degree.
C.
[0317] The concentration of DNA in each well was determined by
dispensing 100 .mu.l PICOGREEN quantitation reagent (0.25% (v/v)
PICOGREEN; Molecular Probes, Eugene Oreg.) dissolved in 1.times.TE
and 0.5 .mu.l of undiluted PCR product into each well of an opaque
fluorimeter plate (Corning Costar, Acton Mass.), allowing the DNA
to bind to the reagent. The plate was scanned in a Fluoroskan II
(Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland) to measure the fluorescence of
the sample and to quantify the concentration of DNA. A 5 .mu.l to
10 .mu.l aliquot of the reaction mixture was analyzed by
electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel to determine which reactions
were successful in extending the sequence.
[0318] The extended nucleotides were desalted and concentrated,
transferred to 384-well plates, digested with CviJI cholera virus
endonuclease (Molecular Biology Research, Madison Wis.), and
sonicated or sheared prior to religation into pUC 18 vector
(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). For shotgun sequencing, the digested
nucleotides were separated on low concentration (0.6 to 0.8%)
agarose gels, fragments were excised, and agar digested with Agar
ACE (Promega). Extended clones were religated using T4 ligase (New
England Biolabs, Beverly Mass.) into pUC 18 vector (Amersham
Pharmacia Biotech), treated with Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene) to
fill-in restriction site overhangs, and transfected into competent
E. coli cells. Transformed cells were selected on
antibiotic-containing media, and individual colonies were picked
and cultured overnight at 37.degree. C. in 384-well plates in
LB/2.times. carb liquid media.
[0319] The cells were lysed, and DNA was amplified by PCR using Taq
DNA polymerase (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) and Pfu DNA polymerase
(Stratagene) with the following parameters: Step 1: 94.degree. C.,
3 min; Step 2: 94.degree. C., 15 sec; Step 3: 60.degree. C., 1 min;
Step 4: 72.degree. C., 2 min;
[0320] Step 5: steps 2, 3, and 4 repeated 29 times; Step 6:
72.degree. C., 5 min; Step 7: storage at 4.degree. C. DNA was
quantified by PICOGREEN reagent (Molecular Probes) as described
above. Samples with low DNA recoveries were reamplified using the
same conditions as described above. Samples were diluted with 20%
dimethysulfoxide (1:2, v/v), and sequenced using DYENAMIC energy
transfer sequencing primers and the DYENAMIC DIRECT kit (Amersham
Pharmacia Biotech) or the ABI PRISM BIGDYE Terminator cycle
sequencing ready reaction kit (Applied Biosystems).
[0321] In like manner, full length polynucleotide sequences are
verified using the above procedure or are used to obtain 5'
regulatory sequences using the above procedure along with
oligonucleotides designed for such extension, and an appropriate
genomic library.
[0322] IK. Labeling and Use of Individual Hybridization Probes
[0323] Hybridization probes derived from SEQ ID NO:19-36 are
employed to screen cDNAs, genomic DNAs, or mRNAs. Although the
labeling of oligonucleotides, consisting of about 20 base pairs, is
specifically described, essentially the same procedure is used with
larger nucleotide fragments. Oligonucleotides are designed using
state-of-the-art software such as OLIGO 4.06 software (National
Biosciences) and labeled by combining 50 pmol of each oligomer, 250
.mu.Ci of [.gamma.-.sup.32P] adenosine triphosphate (Amersham
Pharmacia Biotech), and T4 polynucleotide kinase (DuPont NEN,
Boston Mass.). The labeled oligonucleotides are substantially
purified using a SEPHADEX G-25 superfine size exclusion dextran
bead column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). An aliquot containing
10.sup.7 counts per minute of the labeled probe is used in a
typical membrane-based hybridization analysis of human genomic DNA
digested with one of the following endonucleases: Ase I, Bgl II,
Eco RI, Pst I, Xba I, or Pvu II (DuPont NEN).
[0324] The DNA from each digest is fractionated on a 0.7% agarose
gel and transferred to nylon membranes (Nytran Plus, Schleicher
& Schuell, Durham N.H.). Hybridization is carried out for 16
hours at 40.degree. C. To remove nonspecific signals, blots are
sequentially washed at room temperature under conditions of up to,
for example, 0.1.times.saline sodium citrate and 0.5% sodium
dodecyl sulfate. Hybridization patterns are visualized using
autoradiography or an alternative imaging means and compared.
[0325] X. Microarrays
[0326] The linkage or synthesis of array elements upon a microarray
can be achieved utilizing photolithography, piezoelectric printing
(ink-jet printing, See, e.g., Baldeschweiler, supra.), mechanical
microspotting technologies, and derivatives thereof. The substrate
in each of the aforementioned technologies should be uniform and
solid with a non-porous surface (Schena (1999), supra). Suggested
substrates include silicon, silica, glass slides, glass chips, and
silicon wafers. Alternatively, a procedure analogous to a dot or
slot blot may also be used to arrange and link elements to the
surface of a substrate using thermal, UV, chemical, or mechanical
bonding procedures. A typical array may be produced using available
methods and machines well known to those of ordinary skill in the
art and may contain any appropriate number of elements. (See, e.g.,
Schena, M. et al. (1995) Science 270:467-470; Shalon, D. et al.
(1996) Genome Res. 6:639-645; Marshall, A. and S. Hodgson (1998)
Nat. Biotechnol. 16:27-31.) Full length cDNAs, Expressed Sequence
Tags (ESTs), or fragments or oligomers thereof may comprise the
elements of the microarray. Fragments or oligomers suitable for
hybridization can be selected using software well known in the art
such as LASERGENE software (DNASTAR). The array elements are
hybridized with polynucleotides in a biological sample. The
polynucleotides in the biological sample are conjugated to a
fluorescent label or other molecular tag for ease of detection.
After hybridization, nonhybridized nucleotides from the biological
sample are removed, and a fluorescence scanner is used to detect
hybridization at each array element. Alternatively, laser
desorbtion and mass spectrometry may be used for detection of
hybridization. The degree of complementarity and the relative
abundance of each polynucleotide which hybridizes to an element on
the microarray may be assessed. In one embodiment, microarray
preparation and usage is described in detail below.
[0327] Tissue or Cell Sample Preparation
[0328] Total RNA is isolated from tissue samples using the
guanidinium thiocyanate method and poly(A).sup.+ RNA is purified
using the oligo-(dT) cellulose method. Each poly(A).sup.+ RNA
sample is reverse transcribed using MMLV reverse-transcriptase,
0.05 .mu.g/.mu.l oligo(dT) primer (21mer), 1.times. first strand
buffer, 0.03 units/.mu.l RNase inhibitor, 500 .mu.M dATP, 500 .mu.M
dGTP, 500 .mu.M dTTP, 40 .mu.M dCTP, 40 .mu.M dCTP-Cy3 (BDS) or
dCTP-Cy5 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The reverse transcription
reaction is performed in a 25 ml volume containing 200 ng
poly(A).sup.+ RNA with GEMBRIGHT kits (Incyte). Specific control
poly(A).sup.+ RNAs are synthesized by in vitro transcription from
non-coding yeast genomic DNA. After incubation at 37.degree. C. for
2 hr, each reaction sample (one with Cy3 and another with Cy5
labeling) is treated with 2.5 ml of 0.5M sodium hydroxide and
incubated for 20 minutes at 85.degree. C. to the stop the reaction
and degrade the RNA. Samples are purified using two successive
CHROMA SPIN 30 gel filtration spin columns (CLONIECH Laboratories,
Inc. (CLONTECH), Palo Alto Calif.) and after combining, both
reaction samples are ethanol precipitated using 1 ml of glycogen (1
mg/ml), 60 ml sodium acetate, and 300 ml of 100% ethanol. The
sample is then dried to completion using a SpeedVAC (Savant
Instruments Inc., Holbrook N.Y.) and resuspended in 14 pi
5.times.SSC/0.2% SDS.
[0329] Microarray Preparation
[0330] Sequences of the present invention are used to generate
array elements. Each array element is amplified from bacterial
cells containing vectors with cloned cDNA inserts. PCR
amplification uses primers complementary to the vector sequences
flanking the cDNA insert. Array elements are amplified in thirty
cycles of PCR from an initial quantity of 1-2 ng to a final
quantity greater than 5 Lg. Amplified array elements are then
purified using SEPHACRYL-400 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
[0331] Purified array elements are immobilized on polymer-coated
glass slides. Glass microscope slides (Corning) are cleaned by
ultrasound in 0.1% SDS and acetone, with extensive distilled water
washes between and after treatments. Glass slides are etched in 4%
hydrofluoric acid (VWR Scientific Products Corporation (VWR), West
Chester Pa.), washed extensively in distilled water, and coated
with 0.05% aminopropyl silane (Sigma) in 95% ethanol. Coated slides
are cured in a 110.degree. C. oven.
[0332] Array elements are applied to the coated glass substrate
using a procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,522,
incorporated herein by reference. 1 .mu.l of the array element DNA,
at an average concentration of 100 ng/.mu.l, is loaded into the
open capillary printing element by a high-speed robotic apparatus.
The apparatus then deposits about 5 nl of array element sample per
slide.
[0333] Microarrays are UV-crosslinked using a STRATALINER
UV-crosslinker (Stratagene). Microarrays are washed at room
temperature once in 0.2% SDS and three times in distilled water.
Non-specific binding sites are blocked by incubation of microarrays
in 0.2% casein in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Tropix, Inc.,
Bedford Mass.) for 30 minutes at 60.degree. C. followed by washes
in 0.2% SDS and distilled water as before.
[0334] Hybridization
[0335] Hybridization reactions contain 9 .mu.l of sample mixture
consisting of 0.2 .mu.g each of Cy3 and Cy5 labeled cDNA synthesis
products in 5.times.SSC, 0.2% SDS hybridization buffer. The sample
mixture is heated to 65.degree. C. for 5 minutes and is aliquoted
onto the microarray surface and covered with an 1.8 cm.sup.2
coverslip. The arrays are transferred to a waterproof chamber
having a cavity just slightly larger than a microscope slide. The
chamber is kept at 100% humidity internally by the addition of 140
.mu.l of 5.times.SSC in a corner of the chamber. The chamber
containing the arrays is incubated for about 6.5 hours at
60.degree. C. The arrays are washed for 10 min at 45.degree. C. in
a first wash buffer (1.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS), three times for 10
minutes each at 45.degree. C. in a second wash buffer
(0.1.times.SSC), and dried.
[0336] Detection
[0337] Reporter-labeled hybridization complexes are detected with a
microscope equipped with an Innova 70 mixed gas 10 W laser
(Coherent, Inc., Santa Clara Calif.) capable of generating spectral
lines at 488 nm for excitation of Cy3 and at 632 nm for excitation
of Cy5. The excitation laser light is focused on the array using a
20.times. microscope objective (Nikon, Inc., Melville N.Y.). The
slide containing the array is placed on a computer-controlled X-Y
stage on the microscope and raster-scanned past the objective. The
1.8 cm.times.1.8 cm array used in the present example is scanned
with a resolution of 20 micrometers.
[0338] In two separate scans, a mixed gas multiline laser excites
the two fluorophores sequentially. Emitted light is split, based on
wavelength, into two photomultiplier tube detectors (PMT R1477,
Hamamatsu Photonics Systems, Bridgewater N.J.) corresponding to the
two fluorophores. Appropriate filters positioned between the array
and the photomultiplier tubes are used to filter the signals. The
emission maxima of the fluorophores used are 565 nm for Cy3 and 650
nm for Cy5. Each array is typically scanned twice, one scan per
fluorophore using the appropriate filters at the laser source,
although the apparatus is capable of recording the spectra from
both fluorophores simultaneously.
[0339] The sensitivity of the scans is typically calibrated using
the signal intensity generated by a cDNA control species added to
the sample mixture at a known concentration. A specific location on
the array contains a complementary DNA sequence, allowing the
intensity of the signal at that location to be correlated with a
weight ratio of hybridizing species of 1:100,000. When two samples
from different sources (e.g., representing test and control cells),
each labeled with a different fluorophore, are hybridized to a
single array for the purpose of identifying genes that are
differentially expressed, the calibration is done by labeling
samples of the calibrating cDNA with the two fluorophores and
adding identical amounts of each to the hybridization mixture.
[0340] The output of the photomultiplier tube is digitized using a
12-bit Rn-835H analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion board (Analog
Devices, Inc., Norwood Mass.) installed in an IBM-compatible PC
computer. The digitized data are displayed as an image where the
signal intensity is mapped using a linear 20-color transformation
to a pseudocolor scale ranging from blue (low signal) to red (high
signal). The data is also analyzed quantitatively. Where two
different fluorophores are excited and measured simultaneously, the
data are first corrected for optical crosstalk (due to overlapping
emission spectra) between the fluorophores using each fluorophore's
emission spectrum.
[0341] A grid is superimposed over the fluorescence signal image
such that the signal from each spot is centered in each element of
the grid. The fluorescence signal within each element is then
integrated to obtain a numerical value corresponding to the average
intensity of the signal. The software used for signal analysis is
the GEMTOOLS gene expression analysis program (Incyte).
[0342] XI. Complementary Polynucleotides
[0343] Sequences complementary to the PKIN-encoding sequences, or
any parts thereof, are used to detect, decrease, or inhibit
expression of naturally occurring PKIN. Although use of
oligonucleotides comprising from about 15 to 30 base pairs is
described, essentially the same procedure is used with smaller or
with larger sequence fragments. Appropriate oligonucleotides are
designed using OLIGO 4.06 software (National Biosciences) and the
coding sequence of PKIN. To inhibit transcription, a complementary
oligonucleotide is designed from the most unique 5' sequence and
used to prevent promoter binding to the coding sequence. To inhibit
translation, a complementary oligonucleotide is designed to prevent
ribosomal binding to the PKIN-encoding transcript.
[0344] XII. Expression of PKIN
[0345] Expression and purification of PKIN is achieved using
bacterial or virus-based expression systems. For expression of PKIN
in bacteria, cDNA is subcloned into an appropriate vector
containing an antibiotic resistance gene and an inducible promoter
that directs high levels of cDNA transcription. Examples of such
promoters include, but are not limited to, the trp-lac (tac) hybrid
promoter and the T5 or T7 bacteriophage promoter in conjunction
with the lac operator regulatory element. Recombinant vectors are
transformed into suitable bacterial hosts, e.g., BL21(DE3).
Antibiotic resistant bacteria express PKIN upon induction with
isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Expression of PKIN
in eukaryotic cells is achieved by infecting insect or mammalian
cell lines with recombinant Autographica californica nuclear
polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), commonly known as baculovirus. The
nonessential polyhedrin gene of baculovirus is replaced with cDNA
encoding PKIN by either homologous recombination or
bacterial-mediated transposition involving transfer plasmid
intermediates. Viral infectivity is maintained and the strong
polyhedrin promoter drives high levels of cDNA transcription.
Recombinant baculovirus is used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda
(Sf9) insect cells in most cases, or human hepatocytes, in some
cases. Infection of the latter requires additional genetic
modifications to baculovirus. (See Engelhard, E. K. et al. (1994)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3224-3227; Sandig, V. et al. (1996)
Hum. Gene Ther. 7:1937-1945.)
[0346] In most expression systems, PKIN is synthesized as a fusion
protein with, e.g., glutathione S-transferase (GST) or a peptide
epitope tag, such as FLAG or 6-His, permitting rapid, single-step,
affinity-based purification of recombinant fusion protein from
crude cell lysates. GST, a 26-kilodalton enzyme from Schistosoma
janonicum, enables the purification of fusion proteins on
immobilized glutathione under conditions that maintain protein
activity and antigenicity (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Following
purification, the GST moiety can be proteolytically cleaved from
PKIN at specifically engineered sites. FLAG, an 8-amino acid
peptide, enables immunoaffinity purification using commercially
available monoclonal and polyclonal anti-FLAG antibodies (Eastman
Kodak). 6-His, a stretch of six consecutive histidine residues,
enables purification on metal-chelate resins (QIAGEN). Methods for
protein expression and purification are discussed in Ausubel (1995,
supra, ch. 10 and 16). Purified PKIN obtained by these methods can
be used directly in the assays shown in Examples XVI, XVII, and
XVIII where applicable.
[0347] XIII. Functional Assays
[0348] PKIN function is assessed by expressing the sequences
encoding PKIN at physiologically elevated levels in mammalian cell
culture systems. cDNA is subcloned into a mammalian expression
vector containing a strong promoter that drives high levels of cDNA
expression. Vectors of choice include PCMV SPORT (Life
Technologies) and PCR3.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif.), both of
which contain the cytomegalovirus promoter. 5-10 .mu.g of
recombinant vector are transiently transfected into a human cell
line, for example, an endothelial or hematopoietic cell line, using
either liposome formulations or electroporation. 1-2 .mu.g of an
additional plasmid containing sequences encoding a marker protein
are co-transfected. Expression of a marker protein provides a means
to distinguish transfected cells from nontransfected cells and is a
reliable predictor of cDNA expression from the recombinant vector.
Marker proteins of choice include, e.g., Green Fluorescent Protein
(GFP; Clontech), CD64, or a CD64-GFP fusion protein. Flow cytometry
(FCM), an automated, laser optics-based technique, is used to
identify transfected cells expressing GFP or CD64GFP and to
evaluate the apoptotic state of the cells and other cellular
properties. FCM detects and quantifies the uptake of fluorescent
molecules that diagnose events preceding or coincident with cell
death. These events include changes in nuclear DNA content as
measured by staining of DNA with propidium iodide; changes in cell
size and granularity as measured by forward light scatter and 90
degree side light scatter; down-regulation of DNA synthesis as
measured by decrease in bromodeoxyuridine uptake; alterations in
expression of cell surface and intracellular proteins as measured
by reactivity with specific antibodies; and alterations in plasma
membrane composition as measured by the binding of
fluorescein-conjugated Annexin V protein to the cell surface.
Methods in flow cytometry are discussed in Ormerod, M. G. (1994)
Flow Cytometry, Oxford, New York N.Y.
[0349] The influence of PKIN on gene expression can be assessed
using highly purified populations of cells transfected with
sequences encoding PKIN and either CD64 or CD64-GFP. CD64 and
CD64-GFP are expressed on the surface of transfected cells and bind
to conserved regions of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Transfected
cells are efficiently separated from nontransfected cells using
magnetic beads coated with either human IgG or antibody against
CD64 (DYNAL, Lake Success N.Y.). mRNA can be purified from the
cells using methods well known by those of skill in the art.
Expression of mRNA encoding PKIN and other genes of interest can be
analyzed by northern analysis or microarray techniques.
[0350] XIV. Production of PKJIN Specific Antibodies
[0351] PKJN substantially purified using polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (PAGE; see, e.g., Harrington, M. G. (1990) Methods
Enzymol. 182:488-495), or other purification techniques, is used to
immunize rabbits and to produce antibodies using standard
protocols.
[0352] Alternatively, the PKIN amino acid sequence is analyzed
using LASERGENE software (DNASTAR) to determine regions of high
immunogenicity, and a corresponding oligopeptide is synthesized and
used to raise antibodies by means known to those of skill in the
art. Methods for selection of appropriate epitopes, such as those
near the C-terminus or in hydrophilic regions are well described in
the art. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1995, supra, ch. 11.)
[0353] Typically, oligopeptides of about 15 residues in length are
synthesized using an ABI 431A peptide synthesizer (Applied
Biosystems) using FMOC chemistry and coupled to KLH (Sigma-Aldrich,
St. Louis Mo.) by reaction with
N-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) to increase
immunogenicity. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1995, supra.) Rabbits are
immunized with the oligopeptide-KLH complex in complete Freund's
adjuvant. Resulting antisera are tested for antipeptide and
anti-PKIN activity by, for example, binding the peptide or PKIN to
a substrate, blocking with 1% BSA, reacting with rabbit antisera,
washing, and reacting with radio-iodinated goat anti-rabbit
IgG.
[0354] XV. Purification of Naturally Occurring PUIN Using Specific
Antibodies
[0355] Naturally occurring or recombinant PKIN is substantially
purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using antibodies specific
for PKIN. An immunoaffinity column is constructed by covalently
coupling anti-PKIN antibody to an activated chromatographic resin,
such as CNBr-activated SEPHAROSE (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
After the coupling, the resin is blocked and washed according to
the manufacturer's instructions.
[0356] Media containing PKIN are passed over the immunoaffinity
column, and the column is washed under conditions that allow the
preferential absorbance of PKIN (e.g., high ionic strength buffers
in the presence of detergent). The column is eluted under
conditions that disrupt antibody/PKIN binding (e.g., a buffer of pH
2 to pH 3, or a high concentration of a chaotrope, such as urea or
thiocyanate ion), and PKIN is collected.
[0357] XVI. Identification of Molecules which Interact with
PKIN
[0358] PKIN, or biologically active fragments thereof, are labeled
with .sup.125I Bolton-Hunter reagent. (See, e.g., Bolton A. E. and
W. M. Hunter (1973) Biochem. J. 133:529-539.) Candidate molecules
previously arrayed in the wells of a multi-well plate are incubated
with the labeled PKIN, washed, and any wells with labeled PKIN
complex are assayed. Data obtained using different concentrations
of PKIN are used to calculate values for the number, affinity, and
association of PKIN with the candidate molecules.
[0359] Alternatively, molecules interacting with PKIN are analyzed
using the yeast two-hybrid system as described in Fields, S. and O.
Song (1989) Nature 340:245-246, or using commercially available
kits based on the two-hybrid system, such as the MATCHAE system
(Clontech).
[0360] PKIN may also be used in the PATHCALLING process (CuraGen
Corp., New Haven Conn.) which employs the yeast two-hybrid system
in a high-throughput manner to determine all interactions between
the proteins encoded by two large libraries of genes (Nandabalan,
K. et al. (2000) U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,101).
[0361] XVIII. Demonstration of PKIN Activity
[0362] Generally, protein kinase activity is measured by
quantifying the phosphorylation of a protein substrate by PKIN in
the presence of gamma-labeled .sup.32P-ATP. PKIN is incubated with
the protein substrate, .sup.32P-ATP, and an appropriate kinase
buffer. The .sup.32P incorporated into the substrate is separated
from free .sup.32P-ATP by electrophoresis and the incorporated
.sup.32P is counted using a radioisotope counter. The amount of
incorporated .sup.32P is proportional to the activity of PKIN. A
determination of the specific amino acid residue phosphorylated is
made by phosphoamino acid analysis of the hydrolyzed protein.
[0363] In one alternative, protein kinase activity is measured by
quantifying the transfer of gamma phosphate from adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) to a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue in a
protein substrate. The reaction occurs between a protein kinase
sample with a biotinylated peptide substrate and gamma
.sup.32P-ATP. Following the reaction, free avidin in solution is
added for binding to the biotinylated .sup.32P-peptide product. The
binding sample then undergoes a centrifugal ultrafiltration process
with a membrane which will retain the product-avidin complex and
allow passage of free gamma .sup.32P-ATP. The reservoir of the
centrifuged unit containing the .sup.32P-peptide product as
retentate is then counted in a scintillation counter. This
procedure allows assay of any type of protein kinase sample,
depending on the peptide substrate and kinase reaction buffer
selected. This assay is provided in kit form (ASUA, Affinity
Ultrafiltration Separation Assay, Transbio Corporation, Baltimore
Md., U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,275). Suggested substrates and their
respective enzymes are as follows: Histone HI (Sigma) and
p34.sup.cdc2kinase, Annexin I, Angiotensin (Sigma) and EGF receptor
kinase, Annexin II and src kinase, ERK1 & ERK2 substrates and
MEK, and myelin basic protein and ERK (Pearson, J. D. et al. (1991)
Methods Enzymol. 200:62-81).
[0364] In another alternative, protein kinase activity of PKIN is
demonstrated in vitro in an assay containing PKIN, 50 .mu.l of
kinase buffer, 1 .mu.g substrate, such as myelin basic protein
(MBP) or synthetic peptide substrates, 1 mM DTT, 10 .mu.g ATP, and
0.5 .mu.Ci [.gamma.-.sup.32P]ATP. The reaction is incubated at
30.degree. C. for 30 minutes and stopped by pipetting onto P81
paper. The unincorporated [.gamma.-.sup.32P]ATP is removed by
washing and the incorporated radioactivity is measured using a
radioactivity scintillation counter. Alternatively, the reaction is
stopped by heating to 100.degree. C. in the presence of SDS loading
buffer and visualized on a 12% SDS polyacrylamide gel by
autoradiography. Incorporated radioactivity is corrected for
reactions carried out in the absence of PKIN or in the presence of
the inactive kinase, K38A.
[0365] In yet another alternative, adenylate kinase or guanylate
kinase activity may be measured by the incorporation of .sup.32P
from gamma-labeled .sup.32P-ATP into ADP or GDP using a gamma
radioisotope counter. The enzyme, in a kinase buffer, is incubated
together with the appropriate nucleotide mono-phosphate substrate
(AMP or GMP) and .sup.32P-labeled ATP as the phosphate donor. The
reaction is incubated at 37.degree. C. and terminated by addition
of trichloroacetic acid. The acid extract is neutralized and
subjected to gel electrophoresis to separate the mono-, di-, and
triphosphonucleotide fractions. The diphosphonucleotide fraction is
cut out and counted. The radioactivity recovered is proportional to
the enzyme activity.
[0366] In yet another alternative, other assays for PKIN include
scintillation proximity assays (SPA), scintillation plate
technology and filter binding assays. Useful substrates include
recombinant proteins tagged with glutathione transferase, or
synthetic peptide substrates tagged with biotin. Inhibitors of PKIN
activity, such as small organic molecules, proteins or peptides,
may be identified by such assays.
[0367] XVII. Enhancement/Inhibition of Protein Kinase Activity
[0368] Agonists or antagonists of PKIN activation or inhibition may
be tested using assays described in section XVII. Agonists cause an
increase in PKIN activity and antagonists cause a decrease in PKIN
activity.
[0369] Various modifications and variations of the described
methods and systems of the invention will be apparent to those
skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of
the invention. Although the invention has been described in
connection with certain embodiments, it should be understood that
the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such
specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the
described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to
those skilled in molecular biology or related fields are intended
to be within the scope of the following claims.
2TABLE 1 Poly- peptide Incyte Incyte SEQ ID Incyte Polynucleotide
Polynucleotide Project ID NO: Polypeptide ID SEQ ID NO: ID 2890544
1 2890544CD1 19 2890544CB1 7472693 2 7472693CD1 20 7472693CB1
3107952 3 3107952CD1 21 3107952CB1 5544420 4 5544420CD1 22
5544420CB1 7472832 5 7472832CD1 23 7472832CB1 1551456 6 1551456CD1
24 1551456CB1 2589355 7 2589355CD1 25 2589355CB1 4357117 8
4357117CD1 26 4357117CB1 5511992 9 5511992CD1 27 5511992CB1 7474560
10 7474560CD1 28 7474560CB1 7474602 11 7474602CD1 29 7474602CB1
7475509 12 7475509CD1 30 7475509CB1 7475491 13 7475491CD1 31
7475491CB1 2192119 14 2192119CD1 32 2192119CB1 7474496 15
7474496CD1 33 7474496CB1 1834248 16 1834248CD1 34 1834248CB1
71584520 17 71584520CD1 35 71584520CB1 7475538 18 7475538CD1 36
7475538CB1
[0370]
3TABLE 2 Polypeptide Incyte GenBank Probability SEQ ID NO:
Polypeptide ID ID NO: score GenBank Homolog 1 2890544CD1 g5305331 0
protein kinase Myak-L [Mus musculus] 2 7472693CD1 g790790 2.4e-144
cam kinase I [Homo sapiens] 3 3107952CD1 g1403532 2.3e-226 KIS
protein kinase [Rattus norvegicus] (Maucuer, A. et al. (1997) J.
Biol. Chem. 272: 23151-23156) 4 5544420CD1 g205278 6.4e-293 male
germ cell-associated kinase (mak) [Rattus norvegicus] (Matsushime,
H. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 2261-2268) 5 7472832CD1
g438373 0.0 protein kinase C mu [Homo sapiens] (Johannes, F. J. et
al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 6140-6148) 6 1551456CD1 g4099088
3.8e-26 [Arabidopsis thaliana] SNF1 family protein kinase 7
2589355CD1 g6760436 1.2e-144 [Gallus gallus] gin-induced kinase 8
4357117CD1 g6552404 2.4e-199 [Rattus norvegicus] DLG6 alpha 9
5511992CD1 g971420 3.9e-231 mixed lineage kinase 2 [Homo sapiens]
Dorow, D. S. et al., (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234: 492-500 9
5511992CD1 g12005724 0 [5' incom] [Homo sapiens] mixed lineage
kinase MLK1 10 7474560CD1 g4691541 7.3e-102 Adenylate kinase 5
[Homo sapiens]. Van Rompay, A. R. et al. (1999) Identification of a
novel human adenylate kinase cDNA cloning, expression analysis,
chromosome localization and characterization of the recombinant
protein, Eur. J. Biochem. 261: 509-516. 11 7474602CD1 g439614
8.9e-145 CaM-like protein kinase [Rattus norvegicus]. Cho, F. S. et
al. (1994) Characterization of a rat cDNA clone encoding
calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase I, Biochim. Biophys.
Acta 1224: 156-160. 12 7475509CD1 g28577 2.4e-112
Nucleoside-triphosphate-adenylate kinase [Homo sapiens]. Xu, G. et
al. (1992) Characterization of human adenylate kinase 3 (AK3) cDNA
and mapping of the AK3 pseudogene to an intron of the NF1 gene,
Genomics 13: 537-542. 13 7475491CD1 g2257588 1.4e-210 PCTAIRE3
[Rattus rattus]. Hirose, T. et al. (1997) PCTAIRE 2, a Cdc2-related
serine/threonine kinase, is predominantly expressed in terminally
differentiated neurons, Eur. J. Biochem. 249: 481-488. 14
2192119CD1 g3880563 2.0e-121 Predicted using Genefinder; similar to
serine/threonine kinase; cDNA [Caenorhabditis elegans]. The C.
elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998) Science 282: 2012-2018. 14
2192119CD1 g10442581 0 105-kDa kinase-like protein [Mus musculus]
Liu, S. C. H., et al., (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1517: 148-152
15 7474496CD1 g6066585 0.0 GCN2 eIF2alpha kinase [Mus musculus]. 16
1834248CD1 g7595802 1.40E-252 ELKL motif kinase 2 short form [Mus
musculus] 17 71584520CD1 g3927912 3.9e-157 calmodulin binding
protein kinase [Fugu rubripes] Cottage, A. et al. (1999) FEBS Lett.
443: 370-374 18 7475538CD1 g4090958 9.2e-85 cell cycle related
kinase [Homo sapiens] 18 7475538CD1 g9664926 0 CDK-related protein
kinase PNQLARE [Mus musculus]
[0371]
4TABLE 3 SEQ Incyte Amino Potential Potential Analytical ID
Polypeptide Acid Phosphorylation Glycosylation Signature Sequences,
Methods and NO: ID Residues Sites Sites Domains and Motifs
Databases 1 2890544CD1 1210 S20 T107 T163 N157 N111 N133
Protein_Kinase Atp: L196-K219 MOTIFS S211 T422 T666 N149 N262
Protein_Kinase St: L311-L323 MOTIFS S843 S853 T907 N471 N566
Eukaryotic protein kinase domain: HMMER_PFAM S127 T212 T508 N570
N1009 Y190-P411 I492-V518 S29 S37 T87 N1045 Tyrosine kinase
catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS S113 S169 S211 signature S396 T441
T474 PD00109B: K305-L323 T643 S856 S910 PROTEIN KINASE NUCLEAR
HOMEODOMAIN BLAST_PRODOM T912 T938 S967 INTERACTING HOMEOBOX
DNABINDING Y459 T1057 SERINE/THREONINE S1008 S1138
SERINE/THREONINEPROTEIN: S1187 PD150874: G1030-L1210 PROTEIN KINASE
DOMAIN: BLAST_DOMO DM00004.vertline.P14680.vertline.371-694:
V192-P509 2 7472693CD1 357 S64 S102 T117 N225 N311 PROTEIN_KINASE
DOMAIN BLAST_DOMO S154 S169 S251 N332 DM00004.vertline.S57347.v-
ertline.21-266: E24-C270 S326 S343 Y116 Protein_Kinase_Atp: L29-K52
MOTIFS Y133 S11 T45 Protein_Kinase_St: I140-Y152 MOTIFS T269
signal_cleavage: M1-A40 SPSCAN Eukaryotic protein kinase domain
HMMER_PFAM pkinase: F23-I279 Protein kinases signatures and
PROFILESCAN profile: D120-D176 Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain
BLIMPS_PRINTS signature PR00109A: M98-V111 PR00109B: Y134-Y152
PR00109D: V202-E224 PROTEIN KINASE CALMODULINBINDING I BLAST_PRODOM
CALCIUM/ CALMODULIN DEPENDENT TYPE CAM TRANSFERASE SERINE/THREONINE
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION PD012137: W278-L322 3 3107952CD1 419 S67
S117 S181 N253 transmembrane domain; HMMER S215 S221 T244 V223-L241
S290 T390 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain: HMMER_PFAM W23-F304
Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS PR00109B: F148-W166
PR00109D: V223-V245 PR00109E: P273-A295 SERINE/THREONINE PROTEIN
KINASE BLAST_PRODOM PD153748: S305-V344 SPLICING FACTOR LIKE
PROTEIN BLAST_PRODOM PD072361: T320-G412 RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN REPEAT
BLAST_DOMO DM00012.vertline.A48249.vertline.299-407: P319-Y404
PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST_DOMO DM00004.vertline.P08414.vert-
line.44-285: R74-I293 DM00004.vertline.P32485.vertline.24-292:
S48-P289 DM00004.vertline.P496571.vertline.101-409: C108-L241 4
5544420CD1 624 T274 S424 S436 N24 N252 N352 Eukaryotic protein
kinase domain HMMER_PFAM S496 S41 S179 N384 N449 Y4-F284 S204 S315
S406 N455 N543 Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS S451
S466 S500 N569 PR00109B: F115-C133 S530 T6 S53 PR00109D: I181-T203
S161 T218 S388 PR00109E: A253-A275 S391 S420 S463 Protein kinases
signatures & profile: PROFILESCAN T475 T581 S587 V101-Q153 T594
Y15 Y76 Protein kinases ATP-binding region: MOTIFS T571 L10-K33
Serine/Threonine protein kinases: MOTIFS F121-C133 ATP/GTP-binding
site motif A (P-loop): MOTIFS G16-523 KINASE SERINE/THREONINE MALE
GERM BLAST_PRODOM CELL TRANSFERASE ATP BINDING PD024663: Q285-R624
KINASE SERINE/THREONINE ATPBINDING II BLAST_PRODOM PHOSPHORYLATION
CASEIN ALPHA CHAIN PD002608: V160-F284 KINASE TRANSFERASE ATP
BINDING BLAST_PRODOM SERINE/THREONINE PROSPHORYLATION RECEPTOR
TYROSINE PROTEIN PD000001: P155-F284 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN
BLAST_DOMO DM00004.vertline.Q04859.vertline.6-274: T6-A275
DM00004.vertline.I48733.vertline.6-274: T6-A275
DM00004.vertline.P43294.vertline.14-281: M7-A275
DM00004.vertline.Q00526.vertline.6-286: M7-F284 5 7472832CD1 878
S197 S396 S797 N187 N431 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain:
HMMER_PFAM S75 S11 T130 N432 N454 I551-L807 T218 S225 S333 N473
N729 Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding HMMER_PFAM S353 S362
T398 H139-C188 S408 T573 T589 H265-C314 T812 T853 S145 PH domain:
HMMER_PFAM S206 T247 S387 T398-V478 T391 T392 T412 Protein kinases
signatures & profile: PROFILESCAN T434 S604 S641 L650-S706 S706
Y87 5 Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding PROFILESCAN F151-S214
C278-A339 Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain: BLIMPS_PRINTS PR00109B:
H664-L682 PR00109D: L732-D754 Diacylglycerol/phorbol-esterase
BLIMPS_PRINTS PR00008B: C152-G161 PR00008C: Q291-C302 PR00008D:
H303-L315 KINASE PHORBOLESTER C MU BLAST_PRODOM SERINE/THREONINE
NPKCMU ATP BINDING PD039353: D323-V478 PD031784: V45-P138 PD027900:
L807-L878 KINASE PHORBOLESTER BINDING BLAST_PRODOM TRANSFERASE
SERINE/THREONINE ZINC ATPBINDING C DUPLICATION PD000215: H265-C314
Protein kinases signatures and profile BLAST_PRODOM
(protein_kinase_tyr.prf): R826-A877 PROTEIN_KINASE_DOMAIN
BLAST_DOMO DM00004.vertline.A53215.vert- line.585-829: P553-V798
DM00004.vertline.I48719.vertline.591-8- 35: P553-V798
DM04692.vertline.A37237.vertline.1-676: V556-S771
M04692.vertline.P05773.vertline.1-672: V556-P845 Phorbol
esters/diacylglycerol MOTIFS binding domain: H139-C188 H265-C314
Protein kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS signature: L557-K580
Serine/Threonine protein kinases MOTIFS active-site signature:
I670-L682 6 1551456CD1 440 S11 S175 T74 Eukaryotic protein kinase
domain: HMMER-PFAM S85 S230 T297 L164-E331 S361 S365 S376 Tyrosine
kinase signature: BLIMPS-PRINTS S396 T426 S11 A192-L210, S260-S282
S19 S131 S155 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST-DOMO T214 S251 Y68
DM00004.vertline.P34244.vertline.82-359: Y378 Y167-L324 Protein
kinase motif: MOTIFS I198-L210 7 2589355CD1 923 Y104 Y676 T258 N112
N317 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST-DOMO S355 T481 S584
DM00004.vertline.P27448.vertline.58-297: G25-I259 T38 S125 S289
Serine/Threonine protein kinases MOTIFS T356 S391 T447 active-site
signature S448 T455 T481 Protein _Kinase_St: I135-L147 S500 S512
T875 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain HMMER-PFAM S890 T17 S254
pkinase: S24-M268 S336 T417 S472 Protein kinases signatures and
profile PROFILESCAN S531 S542 S551 protein_kinase_tyr.prf: Y90-G167
S564 S576 S667 Tyrosine kinase catalytic site BLIMPS-PRINTS
PR00109: T93-A106, Y129-L147, L195-P217 8 4357117CD1 442 T16 T267
T270 N406 SH3 domain signature PR00452: BLIMPS-PRINTS S295 S361
S142 C147-R159, A115-Q130, D132-I141 S229 S178 S180 PROTEIN DOMAIN
SH3 KINASE GUANYLATE BLAST-PRODOM T311 S408 S437 TRANSFERASE
ATPBINDING REPEAT GMP Y294 Y304 Y346 MEMBRANE PD001338: T267-Q360
GUANYLATE KINASE DM00755.vertline.A57653.vertline.370- BLAST-DOMO
570: P228-P431 PDZ signaling molecule domain PDZ: HMMER-PFAM I3-V83
Guanylate kinase Guanylate_kin: HMMER-PFAM T268-Y372 Guanylate
kinase protein BL00856: BLIMPS-BLOCKS V264-V284, L292-R339 9
5511992CD1 1046 T72 T112 S118 N813 N862 Receptor tyrosine kinase
BL00240: BLIMPS-BLOCKS S223 S276 T294 N964 E290-V337, V337-I389
S603 S707 S770 Receptor tyrosine kinase BL00239: BLIMPS-BLOCKS S781
S814 S880 E181-P228, L232-I254, W291-R340, T913 S531 T777 L345-I389
S89 T135 T363 Receptor tyrosine kinase BL00790: BLIMPS-BLOCKS T394
T395 T436 I154-C207, S298-W330, L356-M404 S599 S606 S636 Protein
kinase signature and profile PROFILESCAN T644 S808 S821
protein_kinase_tyr.prf: L232-T294 S834 T884 T919 Tyrosine kinase
catalytic site BLIMPS-PRINTS S923 S966 S972 PR00109: M210-S223,
D248-I266, S983 T984 Y325 G301-I311, S320-I342, C364-F386 SH3
domain signature PR00452: BLIMPS-PRINTS P55-A65, D69-K84, D91-N100,
R102-R114 SH3 domain: P55-R114 HMMER-PFAM Eukaryotic protein kinase
domain HMMER-PFAM pkinase: L134-L393 KINASE DOMAIN SH3 MIXED
LINEAGE BLAST-PRODOM SERINE/THREONINE WITH LEUCINE ZIPPER PROLINE
PD024997: I396-A741 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST-DOMO
DM00004.vertline.A53800.vert- line.119-368: L136-F386 Protein
kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS signature Protein_Kinase_Atp:
I140-K161 Serine/Threonine protein kinases MOTIFS active-site
signature Protein_Kinase_St: I254-I266 10 7474560CD1 357 S23, T65,
Y103, KINASE ADENYLATE TRANSFERASE, ATP- BLAST-PRODOM S124, T140,
BINDING ATP/AMP TRANSPHOSPHORYLASE S142, S181, ISOENZYME PROTEIN
3D-STRUCTURE T185, S200, MITOCHONDRION: PD000657: I175-R294. S211,
S213, ADENYLATE KINASE: DM00290.vertline.P00570.vertline.1-
BLAST-DOMO S245, T288, 131: E165-R294. T304, Y316, Adenylate kinase
protein: BL00113A: BLIMPS-BLOCKS T340, T350 F174-L190; BL00113B:
H198-A241; BL00113C: G247-V261; BL00113D: S298-T328. Adenylate
kinase signature: PR00094A: BLIMPS-PRINTS F174-C187; PR00094B:
G202-S216; PR00094C: F252-G268; PR00094D: P300- Y315; PR00094E:
R317-Q331. Uridine kinase signature: PR00988A: BLIMPS-PRINTS
C170-C187 Shikimate kinase family: PR01100A: BLIMPS-PRINTS
I173-E188. Adenylate Kinase: I9-Q20, F252-Q263. MOTIFS Adenylate
kinase: I11-L88, I175-Q331. HMMER-PFAM Adenylate kinase signature
PROFILESCAN (adenylate_kinase.prf): V229-A284. 11 7474602CD1 355
S11, T45, S64, N225, N311, PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN: BLAST-DOMO S102,
Y116, N332 DM00004.vertline.S57347.vertline.21-266: E24-C270. T117,
Y133, Protein kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS S154, S169,
signature: L29-K52. S251, T269, Serine/Threonine protein kinases
MOTIFS S326, S343 active-site signature: I140-Y152. Eukaryotic
protein kinase domain: HMMER-PFAM F23-I279. Protein kinases
signatures and profile PROFILESCAN (protein_kinase_tyr.prf):
D120-D176. Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain: BLIMPS-PRINTS
PR00109A: M98-V111; PR00109B: Y134- Y152; PR00109D: V202-E224.
PROTEIN KINASE; CALMODULINBINDING I BLAST-PRODOM
CALCIUM/CALMODULINDEPENDENT TYPE CAM TRANSFERASE SERINE/THREONINE-
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION: PD012137: W278-L322. 12 7475509CD1 224
S16, S75, T118, ADENYLATE KINASE:
DM00290.vertline.P27144.vertline.1- BLAST-DOMO S124, S132, 125:
M1-R126. T201, Adenylate kinase signature: PR00094A: BLIMPS-PRINTS
V9-C22; PR00094B: G37-G51; PR0094C: W85-D101; PR00094D: Q159-Y174;
PR00094E: D176-V190. Shikimate kinase family: PR01100A: A8-
BLIMPS-PRINTS Q23; PR01100E: D107-S124 (p < 0.0028). Adenylate
Kinase Motif: W85-Q96. MOTIFS KINASE ADENYLATE TRANSFERASE, ATP-
BLAST-PRODOM BINDING ATP/AMP TRANSPHOSPHORYLASE ISOENZYME, PROTEIN
3D-STRUCTURE MITOCHONDRION: PD000657: I10-V190. Adenylate kinase:
I10-V190 HMMER-PFAM Adenylate kinase protein: BL00113A:
BLIMPS-BLOCKS V9-125; BL00113B: H33-E76; BL00113C: R80-L94;
BL00113D: S132-D162. Adenylate kinase signature PROFILESCAN
(adenylate_kinase.prf): V64-F116. 13 7475491CD1 502 S12, T20, S24,
PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN: BLAST-DOMO S60, S64, S87,
DM00004.vertline.Q04899.vertline.122-392: V173-A444, T104, S122,
KINASE SERINE/THREONINE PROTEIN BLAST-PRODOM S126, S156,
TRANSFERASE ATP-BINDING DOMAIN- S160, Y183, PCTAIRE1, PCTAIRE2,
PCTAIRE3, CRK5 T232, T239, ALTERNATIVE PD007333: D120-T171 T348,
T364, Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain: BLIMPS-PRINTS T373, T387,
PR00109B: Y283-I301 S455, S471, Protein kinases signatures and
profile PROFILESCAN S500, (protein_kinase_tyr.prf): D235-A317
Eukaryotic protein kinase domain HMMER-PFAM (pkinase): Y172-F453,
Protein kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS signature: L178-K201
Serine/Threonine protein kinases MOTIFS active-site signature:
I289-I301 14 2192119CD1 791 T39, T70, N447 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN
BLAST-DOMO T85, S193, DM00004.vertline.P52304.vertline.27-267:
S269, T319, K69-P254 (p > 1.3e-06) S342, S359, T361, T408, S462,
S499, S521, S535, S539, T545, T581, T610, T617, S622, S662, S668,
S677, S693, S716, S726, S737, Y184 15 7474496CD1 1651 T65, T82,
N100, N245, PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN: BLAST-DOMO S108, S144, 1057,
1197, DM0004.vertline.P15442.vertline.645-902: S732-A994, S210,
T215, 1203, 1248, EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR KINASE BLAST-PRODOM
S216, S247, 1416, 1520, (EIF2 ALPHA): PD156018: D13-D219 S250,
T329, 1602 Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain: BLIMPS-PRINTS T346,
T409, PR00109B: Y840-L858 S414, T441, Protein kinases signatures
and profile PROFILESCAN S450, T478, (protein_kinase_tyr.prf):
R826-A877 S553, S569, Eukaryotic protein kinase domain HMMER-PFAM
T581, S690, (pkinase): S709, T725, K335-D446; F592-P664; Y799-L1003
S722, S732, Protein kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS S733, S755,
signature: L598-K621 S757, T811, Serine/Threonine protein kinases
MOTIFS T824, S882, active-site signature: M846-L858 S917, T945,
Eukaryotic protein kinase domain: HMMER-PFAM S947, S961, K335-D446;
P504-I541; F592-P664; T993, T1022, Y799-L1003 S1038, S1059, Protein
kinases signatures and profile PROFILE-SCAN T1062, T1182,
(protein_kinase_tyr.prf): R826-A877 BLIMPS-PRINTS T1234, T1238,
Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain: S1397, T1418, PR00109B: Y840-L858
S1437, S1457, Protein kinases ATP-binding region MOTIFS S1572,
T1475, signature: L598-K621 S1547, T1548, Serine/Threonine protein
kinases MOTIFS T1604, S1641, active-site signature: Y256, Y821,
M846-L858 Y840, Y1626 16 1834248CD1 752 S139 S2 S210 N395 N532
Eukaryotic protein kinase domain: HMMER_PFAM S23 S27 S34 Y59-I310,
S354 S399 S423 Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS S441
S458 S48 PR00109A: M135-V148 S494 S661 S666 PR00109B: Y171-L189
S710 T127 T281 PR00109D: V231-H259 T300 T323 T332 Protein kinases
signatures and profile PROFILESCAN T344 T507 T511
protein_kinase_tyr.prf: Y132-S210 T515 T536 T564 Protein kinases
ATP-binding region: MOTIFS T620 T624 T81 Protein_Kinase_Atp:
I65-K88 Serine/Threonine protein kinases MOTIFS active-site
Protein_Kinase_St: I177-L189 KINASE SERINE/THREONINE TRANSFERASE
BLAST_PRODOM ATP BINDING PROTEIN EMK P78 CDC25C PD008571: S412-E632
KINASE SERINE/THREONINE TRANSFERASE BLAST_PRODOM ATP BINDING
PROTEIN PAR1 KP78 EMK PD005838: I310-R410 KINASE SERINE/THREONINE
TRANSFERASE BLAST_PRODOM ATP BINDING KIN1 EMK PAR1 PD004300:
E650-L752 KINASE TRANSFERASE ATP BINDING BLAST_PRODOM
SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHORYLATION RECEPTOR TYROSINE PD000001:
Y59-Y137 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST_DOMO
DM00004.vertline.P27448.vertline.58-297: L61-L301
DM00004.vertline.I48609.vertline.55-294: L61-L301
DM00004.vertline.Q05512.vertline.55-294: L61-L301
DM00004.vertline.JC1446.vertline.20-261: R60-L301 17 71584520CD1
501 S118 S138 S292 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain HMMER_PFAM S341
S364 S482 pkinase: E37-I286 S483 S495 T103 Tyrosine kinase
catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS T21 T276 T422 PR00109B: Y135-Y153
T46 T470 T51 T7 PR00109D: V201-E223 T91 Y135 Y491 CALMODULIN
BINDING PROTEIN BLAST_PRODOM PD059862:
G368-V443 PROTEIN KINASE CALMODULIN BINDING I BLAST_PRODOM
CALCIUM/CALMODULIN DEPENDENT TYPE CAM TRANSFERASE SERINE/THREONINE
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION PD012137: W285-A335 CALMODULIN BINDING
PROTEIN BLAST_PRODOM PD050813: M1-E34 PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN
BLAST_DOMO DM00004.vertline.S57347.vertline.21-266: D25-T276
DM00004.vertline.P08414.vertline.44-285: I38-T276
DM00004.vertline.P11798.vertline.15-261: C36-A277
DM00004.vertline.A44412.vertline.16-262: F35-A277 18 7475538CD1 346
S241 Y176 Y215 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain HMMER_PFAM pkinase:
Y4-F288, Tyrosine kinase catalytic domain BLIMPS_PRINTS PR00109B:
F117-I135 Protein kinases signatures and profile PROFILESCAN
protein_kinase_tyr.prf: A69-D155 Protein kinases ATP-binding region
MOTIFS signature Protein_Kinase_Atp: I10-K33 Serine/Threonine
protein kinases MOTIFS active-site Protein_Kinase_St: I123-I135
KINASE TRANSFERASE SERINE/THREONINE BLAST_PRODOM ATP BINDING II
PHOSPHORYLATION CASEIN ALPHA CHAIN PD002608: V164-F288 KINASE
PROTEIN TRANSFERASE ATP BLAST_PRODOM BINDING SERINE/THREONINE
PHOSPHORYLATION RECEPTOR TYROSINE TRANSMEMBRANE PD000001: Y169-P301
PROTEIN KINASE DOMAIN BLAST_DOMO
DM00004.vertline.P29620.vertline.21-289: I10-A279
DM00004.vertline.Q00526.vertline.6-286: R9-F288
DM00004.vertline.P43450.vertline.6-276: R9-A279
DM00004.vertline.P23437.vertline.6-286: R9-F288
[0372]
5TABLE 4 Poly- Incyte nucleotide Polynucleotide Sequence Selected
5' 3' SEQ ID NO: ID Length Fragment(s) Sequence Fragments Position
Position 19 2890544CB1 4224 1-1378, 4153-4224 6474032H1 (PLACFEB01)
545 1204 71089659V1 2981 3638 71083920V1 2936 3576 71083254V1 2263
2853 71084605V1 2351 2959 7286979H1 (BRAIFER06) 1 408 71254276V1
1091 1695 5980233F7 (MCLDTXT02) 3498 4224 71252928V1 1632 2197
7086636H1 (BRAUTDR03) 222 702 71082857V1 1680 2356 7313223H1
(LIVRFEE02) 498 928 20 7472693CB1 1736 72-149, 1337-1736 70520498D1
760 1354 609792R6 (COLNNOT01) 145 736 g1544947 1 385 70518493D1 716
1182 70518085D1 1172 1736 21 3107952CB1 1824 1802-1824 7308849H1
(MMLR1DT01) 1215 1807 2925973F6 (TLYMNOT04) 715 1215 3459433F6
(293TF1T01) 1 582 2927552F6 (TLYMNOT04) 1309 1824 3107952F6
(BRSTTUT15) 507 1161 22 5544420CB1 2201 1285-1629, 2128- 6922389H1
(PLACFER06) 1458 1597 2201, 256-376 7739285H1 (THYMNOE01) 646 834
5544420F6 (TESTNOC01) 807 1187 4206166F6 (BRONNOT02) 2041 2201 GNN:
g5924006_004.edit 368 1871 GBI.g5924006.raw.comp 1 492 2512558F6
(LIVRTUT04) 1617 1720 g2882961 1644 2127 6909108J1 (PITUDIR01) 1138
1317 23 7472832CB1 2974 2933-2974, 1-654 6910588J1 (PITUDIR01) 1994
2577 2940460H1 (THYNFET02) 2682 2956 7274331H2 (KIDETXJ01) 1876
2503 60205600U1 559 1091 23 60205598U1 690 1339 6426807H1
(LUNGNON07) 2411 2951 3344032H1 (SPLNNOT09) 2708 2958 6811278J1
(SKIRNOR01) 1 647 6910588H1 (PITUDIR01) 1369 2003 g1860144 2512
2974 1732303F6 (BRSTTUT08) 1230 1731 24 1551456CB1 3648 1906-2052,
1-752 6830947J1 (SINTNOR01) 2357 3121 6834559H1 (BRSTNON02) 1610
2330 6808991J1 (SKIRNOR01) 222 921 1389125H1 (EOSINOT01) 1 246
1680356F6 (STOMFET01) 3139 3648 6870264H1 (BRAGNON02) 3374 3648
7714085J1 (SINTFEE02) 298 950 7746056H1 (ADRETUE04) 875 1491
3296183F6 (TLYJINT01) 1553 2310 70349297D1 3030 3648 70872871V1 953
1599 70875814V1 2218 2955 25 2589355CB1 4719 1835-1863, 6500833H1
(PROSTUS25) 2498 3226 1-1135, 2380-3186 2313925T6 (NGANNOT01) 3264
3885 6483636F9 (MIXDUNB01) 2716 3270 70985467V1 388 980 7251743H1
(PROSTMY01) 810 1299 6864125H1 (BPAGNON02) 1323 1998 6056925H1
(BRAENOT04) 1322 1735 6705826H1 (HEAADIR01) 4080 4719 7652463H2
(STOMTDE01) 997 1704 7039646H1 (UTRSTMR02) 1 566 7257374H1
(SKIRTDC01) 1977 2560 70402344D1 3105 3674 2586850F6 (BRAITUT22)
3840 4348 924331H1 (RATRNOT02) 4009 4386 26 4357117CB1 1651 1-267
GS.4357117.fasta 1 1329 6131509F6 (BMARTXT02) 1134 1651 27
5511992CB1 3141 1672-1833, GS.5511992.fasta 1 3141 71-157, 665-828,
1298-1538, 2580- 2878 28 7474560CB1 1244 1205-1244, 1-131 6311370H1
(NERDTDN03) 616 1236 6853555H1 (BRAIFEN08) 1 683 6997205H1
(BRAXTDR17) 691 1244 29 7474602CB1 1661 72-149 70518523D1 577 1171
6772112J1 (BRAUNOR01) 1 640 346275T7 (THYMNOT02) 1043 1661
6124350H1 (BRAHNON05) 634 1180 30 7475509CB1 912 881-912 944796H1
(RATRNOT02) 1 93 3616204F6 (EPIPNOT01) 69 699 71147872V1 193 912 31
7475491CB1 2858 1-269, 2768-2858 7232424H1 (BRAXTDR15) 1831 2429
7004062H1 (COLNFEC01) 1967 2495 7677070J1 (NOSETUE01) 1 564
7716833J1 (SINTFEE02) 1293 1877 754239R6 (BRAITUT02) 1000 1575
7067423H1 (BRATNOR01) 499 1106 7428450H1 (UTRMTMR02) 2179 2858
70680595V1 654 1111 32 2192119CB1 2817 1-249 1687835F6 (PROSTUT10)
2416 2817 6769461J1 (BRAUNOR01) 221 385 1819105F6 (PROSNOT20) 1052
1721 7716523H1 (SINTFEE02) 498 1072 1796441T6 (PROSTUT05) 2186 2793
1618475T6 (BRAITUT12) 2217 2783 7675143H1 (NOSETUE01) 1130 1739
6145288H1 (BRANDIT03) 1543 2170 3189653H1 (THYMNON04) 1855 2196
7646563H1 (UTRSTUE01) 367 1049 g6700560 1 393 33 7474496CB1 5305
3463-3753, 1403- 70886570V1 3332 3875 1781, 2384-2464, 1-644,
5126-5305 33 429360R6 (BLADNOT01) 2735 3311 70885734V1 4100 4744
1830377F6 (THP1AZT01) 3649 4093 6488464H1 (MIXDUNB01) 2852 3473
488190R6 (HNT2AGT01) 2317 2865 70888476V1 4651 5305 1832566R6
(BRAINON01) 4034 4547 34 1834248CB1 3269 1754-1773, 1-142,
GNN.g7139831_000025_004 1293 2275 3072-3269 6146293H1 (BRANDIT03)
1791 2354 6272238H2 (BRAIFEN03) 2635 3263 6893004J1 (BRAITDR03) 684
1248 7663341J1 (UTRSTME01) 873 1492 4001427R6 (HNT2AZS07) 2927 3264
60202068B1 2368 2916 60202069B1 2334 2864 6954283H1 (BRAITDR02) 1
718 g810284 2771 3269 35 71584520CB1 3017 2968-3017, 1-49,
1287320T6 (BRAINOT11) 2615 2983 1234-1322, 679-736 71579751V1 1083
1791 71580777V1 586 1149 6764749H1 (BRAUNOR01) 1406 2001 7581090H1
(BRAIFEC01) 1 577 1295833H1 (PGANNOT03) 2783 3017 1414795F6
(BRAINOT12) 2183 2508 7362189H1 (BRAIFEE05) 458 1003 2157112T6
(BRAINOT09) 2388 2977 2157112F6 (BRAINOT09) 1963 2450 36 7475538CB1
2168 811-870, 933-1227 6855691H1 (BRAIFEN08) 1500 2168 70644867V1
613 1261 70645804V1 515 1249 70645323V1 1 595 71564044V1 1277 1993
71565564V1 1156 1924
[0373]
6TABLE 5 Poly- Incyte nucleotide Project SEQ ID NO: ID
Representative Library 19 2890544CB1 MCLDTXT02 20 7472693CB1
COLNNOT01 21 3107952CB1 TLYMNOT04 22 5544420CB1 SEMVNOT01 23
7472832CB1 SKIRNOR01 24 1551456CB1 LVENNOT03 25 2589355CB1
BRADDIR01 26 4357117CB1 BMARTXT02 27 5511992CB1 SINTFEE02 28
7474560CB1 BRAYDIN03 29 7474602CB1 COLNNOT01 30 7475509CB1
BRAITVT21 31 7475491CB1 SCOMDIT01 32 2192119CB1 PROSTUS23 33
7474496CB1 BRAINON01 34 1834248CB1 BRAITUT22 35 71584520CB1
BRAIFEC01 36 7475538CB1 BRAIFEN08
[0374]
7TABLE 6 Library Vector Library Description BMARTXT02 pINCY Library
was constructed using RNA isolated from treated SH-SY5Y cell line
derived from bone marrow neuroblastoma tumor cells removed from a
4-year-old Caucasian female. The cells were cultured in the
presence of retinoic acid. BRADDIR01 pINCY Library was constructed
using RNA isolated from diseased choroid plexus tissue of the
lateral ventricle, removed from the brain of a 57-year-old
Caucasian male, who died from a cerebrovascular accident. BRAIFEC01
pINCY This large size-fractionated library was constructed using
RNA isolated from brain tissue removed from a Caucasian male fetus
who was stillborn with a hypoplastic left heart at 23 weeks'
gestation. BRAIFEN08 pINCY This normalized fetal brain tissue
library was constructed from 400 thousand independent clones from a
fetal brain tissue library. Starting RNA was made from brain tissue
removed from a Caucasian male fetus who was stillborn with a
hypoplastic left heart at 23 weeks' gestation. The library was
normalized in 2 rounds using conditions adapted from Soares et al.,
PNAS (1994) 91: 9228 and Bonaldo et al., Genome Research (1996) 6:
791, except that a significantly longer (48 hours/round)
reannealing hybridization was used. BRAINON01 PSPORT1 Library was
constructed and normalized from 4.88 million independent clones
from a brain tissue library. RNA was made from brain tissue removed
from a 26-year-old Caucasian male during cranioplasty and excision
of a cerebral meningeal lesion. Pathology for the associated tumor
tissue indicated a grade 4 oligoastrocytoma in the right
fronto-parietal part of the brain. BRAITUT21 pINCY Library was
constructed using RNA isolated from brain tumor tissue removed from
the midline frontal lobe of a 61-year-old Caucasian female during
excision of a cerebral meningeal lesion. Pathology indicated
subfrontal meningothelial meningioma with no atypia. One ethmoid
and mucosal tissue sample indicated meningioma. Family history
included cerebrovascular disease, senile dementia, hyperlipidemia,
benign hypertension, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease,
congestive heart failure, and breast cancer. BRAITUT22 pINCY
Library was constructed using RNA isolated from brain tumor tissue
removed from the right frontal/parietal lobe of a 76-year-old
Caucasian female during excision of a cerebral meningeal lesion.
Pathology indicated a meningioma. Family history included senile
dementia. BRAYDIN03 pINCY This normalized brain tissue library was
constructed from 6.7 million independent clones from the BRAYDIT01
tissue library. Starting RNA was made from RNA isolated from
diseased hypothalamus tissue removed from a 57-year- old Caucasian
male who died from a cerebrovascular accident. Patient history
included Huntington's disease and emphysema. The library was
normalized in 2 rounds using conditions adapted from Soares et al.,
PNAS (1994) 91: 9228 and Bonaldo et al., Genome Research (1996) 6:
791, except that a significantly longer (48-hours/round)
reannealing hybridization was used. The library was linearized and
recircularized to select for insert containing clones. COLNNOT01
PSPORT1 Library was constructed using RNA isolated from colon
tissue removed from a 75-year-old Caucasian male during a
hemicolectomy. LVENNOT03 PSPORT1 Library was constructed using RNA
isolated from the left ventricle tissue of a 31-year-old male.
MCLDTXT02 pINCY Library was constructed using RNA isolated from
treated umbilical cord blood dendritic cells removed from a male.
The cells were treated with granulocyte/macrophage colony
stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF
alpha), stem cell factor (SCF), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA),
and ionomycin. The GM-CSF was added at time 0 at 100 ng/ml, the TNF
alpha was added at time 0 at 2.5 ng/ml, the SCF was added at time 0
at 25 ng/ml. The RNA and ionomycin were added at 13 days for five
hours. Incubation time was 13 days. PROSTUS23 pINCY This subtracted
prostate tumor library was constructed using 10 million clones from
a pooled prostate tumor library that was subjected to 2 rounds of
subtractive hybridization with 10 million clones from a pooled
prostate tissue library. The starting library for subtraction was
constructed by pooling equal numbers of clones from 4 prostate
tumor libraries using mRNA isolated from prostate tumor removed
from Caucasian males at ages 58 (A), 61 (B), 66 (C), and 68 (D)
during prostatectomy with lymph node excision. Pathology indicated
adenocarcinoma in all donors. History included elevated PSA,
induration and tobacco abuse in donor A; elevated PSA, induration,
prostate hyperplasia, renal failure, osteoarthritis, renal artery
stenosis, benign HTN, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia,
tobacco/alcohol abuse and hepatitis C (carrier) in donor B;
elevated PSA, induration, and tobacco abuse in donor C; and
elevated PSA, induration, hypercholesterolemia, and kidney calculus
in donor D. The hybridization probe for subtraction was constructed
by pooling equal numbers of cDNA clones from 3 prostate tissue
libraries derived from prostate tissue, prostate epithelial cells,
and fibroblasts from prostate stroma from 3 different donors.
Subtractive hybridization conditions were based on the
methodologies of Swaroop et al., NAR 19 (1991): 1954 and Bonaldo,
et al. Genome Research 6 (1996): 791. SCOMDIT01 pINCY Library was
constructed using RNA isolated from diseased spinal cord tissue
removed from the base of the medulla of a 57-year-old Caucasian
male who died from a cerebrovascular accident. Patient history
included Huntington's disease and emphysema. SEMVNOT01 pINCY
Library was constructed using RNA isolated from seminal vesicle
tissue removed from a 58-year-old Caucasian male during radical
prostatectomy. Pathology for the associated tumor tissue indicated
adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 3 + 2) of the prostate.
Adenofibromatous hyperplasia was also present. The patient
presented with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). Family
history included a malignant breast neoplasm. SINTFEE02 PCDNA2.1
This 5' biased random primed library was constructed using RNA
isolated from small intestine tissue removed from a Caucasian male
fetus who died from Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13) at 20-weeks'
gestation. Serology was negative. SKIRNOR01 PCDNA2.1 This random
primed library was constructed using RNA isolated from skin tissue
removed from the breast of a 17-year-old Caucasian female during
bilateral reduction mammoplasty. Patient history included breast
hypertrophy. Family history included benign hypertension. TLYMNOT04
pINCY Library was constructed using RNA isolated from activated Th1
cells. These cells were differentiated from umbilical cord CD4 T
cells with IL-12 and B7- transfected COS cells, and then activated
for six hours with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies.
[0375]
8TABLE 7 Program Description Reference Parameter Threshold ABI A
program that removes vector sequences and Applied Biosystems,
Foster City, CA. FACTURA masks ambiguous bases in nucleic acid
sequences. ABI/ A Fast Data Finder useful in comparing and Applied
Biosystems, Foster City, CA; Mismatch <50% PARACEL annotating
amino acid or nucleic acid sequences. Paracel Inc., Pasadena, CA.
FDF ABI A program that assembles nucleic acid sequences. Applied
Biosystems, Foster City, CA. AutoAssembler BLAST A Basic Local
Alignment Search Tool useful in Altschul, S. F. et al. (1990) J.
Mol. Biol. ESTs: Probability value = sequence similarity search for
amino acid and 215: 403-410; Altschul, S. F. et al. (1997) 1.0E-8
or less nucleic acid sequences. BLAST includes five Nucleic Acids
Res. 25: 3389-3402. Full Length sequences: functions: blastp,
blastn, blastx, tblastn, and tblastx. Probability value = 1.0E-10
or less FASTA A Pearson and Lipman algorithm that searches for
Pearson, W. R. and D. J. Lipman (1988) ESTs: fasta E value =
1.06E-6 similarity between a query sequence and a group of Proc.
Natl. Acad Sci. USA 85: 2444-2448; Assembled ESTs: fasta sequences
of the same type. FASTA comprises as Pearson, W. R. (1990) Methods
Enzymol. Identity = 95% or greater and least five functions: fasta,
tfasta, fastx, tfastx, and 183: 63-98; and Smith, T. F. and M. S.
Match length = 200 bases or ssearch. Waterman (1981) Adv. Appl.
Math. 2: greater; fastx E value = 1.0E-8 482-489. or less Full
Length sequences: fastx score = 100 or greater BLIMPS A BLocks
IMProved Searcher that matches a Henikoff, S. and J. G. Henikoff
(1991) Probability value = 1.0E-3 or sequence against those in
BLOCKS, PRINTS, Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 6565-6572; less DOMO,
PRODOM, and PFAM databases to search Henikoff, J. G. and S.
Henikoff (1996) for gene families, sequence homology, and
structural Methods Enzymol. 266: 88-105; and fingerprint regions.
Attwood, T. K. et al. (1997) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 37:
417-424. HMMER An algorithm for searching a query sequence against
Krogh, A. et al. (1994) J. Mol. Biol. PFAM hits: Probability value
= hidden Markov model (HMM)-based databases of 235: 1501-1531;
Sonnhammer, E. L. L. et 1.0E-3 or less protein family consensus
sequences, such as PFAM. al. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 26: 320-322;
Signal peptide hits: Score = 0 or Durbin, R. et al. (1998) Our
World View, in greater a Nutshell, Cambridge Univ. Press, pp.
1-350. ProfileScan An algorithm that searches for structural and
sequence Gribskov, M. et al. (1988) CABIOS 4: Normalized quality
score .gtoreq. motifs in protein sequences that match sequence
61-66; Gribskov, M. et al. (1989) Methods GCG-specified "HIGH"
value patterns defined in Prosite. Enzymol. 183: 146-159; Bairoch,
A. et al. for that particular Prosite motif. (1997) Nucleic Acids
Res. 25: 217-221. Generally, score = 1.4-2.1. Phred A base-calling
algorithm that examines automated Ewing, B. et al. (1998) Genome
Res. sequencer traces with high sensitivity and probability. 8:
175-185; Ewing, B. and P. Green (1998) Genome Res. 8: 186-194.
Phrap A Phils Revised Assembly Program including SWAT Smith, T. F.
and M. S. Waterman (1981) Score = 120 or greater; and CrossMatch,
programs based on efficient Adv. Appl. Math. 2: 482-489; Smith, T.
F. Match length = 56 or greater implementation of the
Smith-Waterman algorithm, and M. S. Waterman (1981) J. Mol. Biol.
useful in searching sequence homology and assembling 147: 195-197;
and Green, P., University of DNA sequences. Washington, Seattle,
WA. Consed A graphical tool for viewing and editing Phrap Gordon,
D. et al. (1998) Genome Res. 8: assemblies. 195-202. SPScan A
weight matrix analysis program that scans protein Nielson, H. et
al. (1997) Protein Engineering Score = 3.5 or greater sequences for
the presence of secretory signal peptides. 10: 1-6; Claverie, J. M.
and S. Audic (1997) CABIOS 12: 431-439. TMAP A program that uses
weight matrices to delineate Persson, B. and P. Argos (1994) J.
Mol. transmembrane segments on protein sequences and Biol. 237:
182-192; Persson, B. and P. determine orientation. Argos (1996)
Protein Sci. 5: 363-371. TMHMMER A program that uses a hidden
Markov model (HMM) Sonnhammer, E. L. et al. (1998) Proc. Sixth to
delineate transmembrane segments on protein Intl. Conf. on
Intelligent Systems for Mol. sequences and determine orientation.
Biol., Glasgow et al., eds., The Am. Assoc. for Artificial
Intelligence Press, Menlo Park, CA, pp. 175-182. Motifs A program
that searches amino acid sequences for Bairoch, A. et al. (1997)
Nucleic Acids Res. patterns that matched those defined in Prosite.
25: 217-221; Wisconsin Package Program Manual, version 9, page
M51-59, Genetics Computer Group, Madison, WI.
[0376]
Sequence CWU 1
1
36 1 1210 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 2890544CD1 1
Met Ala Ser Gln Leu Gln Val Phe Ser Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Ser 1 5 10
15 Ser Ala Phe Cys Ser Ala Lys Lys Leu Lys Ile Glu Pro Ser Gly 20
25 30 Trp Asp Val Ser Gly Gln Ser Ser Asn Asp Lys Tyr Tyr Thr His
35 40 45 Ser Lys Thr Leu Pro Ala Thr Gln Gly Gln Ala Asn Ser Ser
His 50 55 60 Gln Val Ala Asn Phe Asn Ile Pro Ala Tyr Asp Gln Gly
Leu Leu 65 70 75 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ala Val Glu His Ile Val Val Thr
Ala Ala Asp 80 85 90 Ser Ser Gly Ser Ala Ala Thr Ser Thr Phe Gln
Ser Ser Gln Thr 95 100 105 Leu Thr His Arg Ser Asn Val Ser Leu Leu
Glu Pro Tyr Gln Lys 110 115 120 Cys Gly Leu Lys Arg Lys Ser Glu Glu
Val Asp Ser Asn Gly Ser 125 130 135 Val Gln Ile Ile Glu Glu His Pro
Pro Leu Met Leu Gln Asn Arg 140 145 150 Thr Val Val Gly Ala Ala Ala
Thr Thr Thr Thr Val Thr Thr Lys 155 160 165 Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Gly
Glu Gly Asp Tyr Gln Leu Val Gln His 170 175 180 Glu Ile Leu Cys Ser
Met Thr Asn Ser Tyr Glu Val Leu Glu Phe 185 190 195 Leu Gly Arg Gly
Thr Phe Gly Gln Val Ala Lys Cys Trp Lys Arg 200 205 210 Ser Thr Lys
Glu Ile Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Leu Lys Asn His Pro 215 220 225 Ser Tyr
Ala Arg Gln Gly Gln Ile Glu Val Ser Ile Leu Ser Arg 230 235 240 Leu
Ser Ser Glu Asn Ala Asp Glu Tyr Asn Leu Val Arg Ser Tyr 245 250 255
Glu Cys Phe Gln His Lys Asn His Thr Cys Leu Val Phe Glu Met 260 265
270 Leu Glu Gln Asn Leu Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Gln Asn Lys Phe Ser 275
280 285 Pro Leu Pro Leu Lys Tyr Ile Arg Pro Ile Leu Gln Gln Val Ala
290 295 300 Thr Ala Leu Met Lys Leu Lys Ser Leu Gly Leu Ile His Ala
Asp 305 310 315 Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Met Leu Val Asp Pro Val Arg
Gln Pro 320 325 330 Tyr Arg Val Lys Val Ile Asp Phe Gly Ser Ala Ser
His Val Ser 335 340 345 Lys Ala Val Cys Ser Thr Tyr Leu Gln Ser Arg
Tyr Tyr Arg Ala 350 355 360 Pro Glu Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe Cys
Glu Ala Ile Asp Met 365 370 375 Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Val Ile Ala Glu
Leu Phe Leu Gly Trp Pro 380 385 390 Leu Tyr Pro Gly Ala Ser Glu Tyr
Asp Gln Ile Arg Tyr Ile Ser 395 400 405 Gln Thr Gln Gly Leu Pro Ala
Glu Tyr Leu Leu Ser Ala Gly Thr 410 415 420 Lys Thr Thr Arg Phe Phe
Asn Arg Asp Pro Asn Leu Gly Tyr Pro 425 430 435 Leu Trp Arg Leu Lys
Thr Pro Glu Glu His Glu Leu Glu Thr Gly 440 445 450 Ile Lys Ser Lys
Glu Ala Arg Lys Tyr Ile Phe Asn Cys Leu Asp 455 460 465 Asp Met Ala
Gln Val Asn Met Ser Thr Asp Leu Glu Gly Thr Asp 470 475 480 Met Leu
Ala Glu Lys Ala Asp Arg Arg Glu Tyr Ile Asp Leu Leu 485 490 495 Lys
Lys Met Leu Thr Ile Asp Ala Asp Lys Arg Ile Thr Pro Leu 500 505 510
Lys Thr Leu Asn His Gln Phe Val Thr Met Thr His Leu Leu Asp 515 520
525 Phe Pro His Ser Asn His Val Lys Ser Cys Phe Gln Asn Met Glu 530
535 540 Ile Cys Lys Arg Arg Val His Met Tyr Asp Thr Val Ser Gln Ile
545 550 555 Lys Ser Pro Phe Thr Thr His Val Ala Pro Asn Thr Ser Thr
Asn 560 565 570 Leu Thr Met Ser Phe Ser Asn Gln Leu Asn Thr Val His
Asn Gln 575 580 585 Ala Ser Val Leu Ala Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Ala Ala
Ala Thr Leu 590 595 600 Ser Leu Ala Asn Ser Asp Val Ser Leu Leu Asn
Tyr Gln Ser Ala 605 610 615 Leu Tyr Pro Ser Ser Ala Ala Pro Val Pro
Gly Val Ala Gln Gln 620 625 630 Gly Val Ser Leu Gln Pro Gly Thr Thr
Gln Ile Cys Thr Gln Thr 635 640 645 Asp Pro Phe Gln Gln Thr Phe Ile
Val Cys Pro Pro Ala Phe Gln 650 655 660 Thr Gly Leu Gln Ala Thr Thr
Lys His Ser Gly Phe Pro Val Arg 665 670 675 Met Asp Asn Ala Val Pro
Ile Val Pro Gln Ala Pro Ala Ala Gln 680 685 690 Pro Leu Gln Ile Gln
Ser Gly Val Leu Thr Gln Gly Ser Cys Thr 695 700 705 Pro Leu Met Val
Ala Thr Leu His Pro Gln Val Ala Thr Ile Thr 710 715 720 Pro Gln Tyr
Ala Val Pro Phe Thr Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Gly Arg 725 730 735 Pro Ala
Leu Val Glu Gln Thr Ala Ala Val Leu Gln Ala Trp Pro 740 745 750 Gly
Gly Thr Gln Gln Ile Leu Leu Pro Ser Thr Trp Gln Gln Leu 755 760 765
Pro Gly Val Ala Leu His Asn Ser Val Gln Pro Thr Ala Met Ile 770 775
780 Pro Glu Ala Met Gly Ser Gly Gln Gln Leu Ala Asp Trp Arg Asn 785
790 795 Ala His Ser His Gly Asn Gln Tyr Ser Thr Ile Met Gln Gln Pro
800 805 810 Ser Leu Leu Thr Asn His Val Thr Leu Ala Thr Ala Gln Pro
Leu 815 820 825 Asn Val Gly Val Ala His Val Val Arg Gln Gln Gln Ser
Ser Ser 830 835 840 Leu Pro Ser Lys Lys Asn Lys Gln Ser Ala Pro Val
Ser Ser Lys 845 850 855 Ser Ser Leu Asp Val Leu Pro Ser Gln Val Tyr
Ser Leu Val Gly 860 865 870 Ser Ser Pro Leu Arg Thr Thr Ser Ser Tyr
Asn Ser Leu Val Pro 875 880 885 Val Gln Asp Gln His Gln Pro Ile Ile
Ile Pro Asp Thr Pro Ser 890 895 900 Pro Pro Val Ser Val Ile Thr Ile
Arg Ser Asp Thr Asp Glu Glu 905 910 915 Glu Asp Asn Lys Tyr Lys Pro
Ser Ser Ser Gly Leu Lys Pro Arg 920 925 930 Ser Asn Val Ile Ser Tyr
Val Thr Val Asn Asp Ser Pro Asp Ser 935 940 945 Asp Ser Ser Leu Ser
Ser Pro Tyr Ser Thr Asp Thr Leu Ser Ala 950 955 960 Leu Arg Gly Asn
Ser Gly Ser Val Leu Glu Gly Pro Gly Arg Val 965 970 975 Val Ala Asp
Gly Thr Gly Thr Arg Thr Ile Ile Val Pro Pro Leu 980 985 990 Lys Thr
Gln Leu Gly Asp Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Gln Ala Ser Gly 995 1000 1005
Leu Leu Ser Asn Lys Thr Lys Pro Val Ala Ser Val Ser Gly Gln 1010
1015 1020 Ser Ser Gly Cys Cys Ile Thr Pro Thr Gly Tyr Arg Ala Gln
Arg 1025 1030 1035 Gly Gly Thr Ser Ala Ala Gln Pro Leu Asn Leu Ser
Gln Asn Gln 1040 1045 1050 Gln Ser Ser Ala Ala Pro Thr Ser Gln Glu
Arg Ser Ser Asn Pro 1055 1060 1065 Ala Pro Arg Arg Gln Gln Ala Phe
Val Ala Pro Leu Ser Gln Ala 1070 1075 1080 Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gln His
Gly Ser Pro Leu His Ser Thr Gly His 1085 1090 1095 Pro His Leu Ala
Pro Ala Pro Ala His Leu Pro Ser Gln Ala His 1100 1105 1110 Leu Tyr
Thr Tyr Ala Ala Pro Thr Ser Ala Ala Ala Leu Gly Ser 1115 1120 1125
Thr Ser Ser Ile Ala His Leu Phe Ser Pro Gln Gly Ser Ser Arg 1130
1135 1140 His Ala Ala Ala Tyr Thr Thr His Pro Ser Thr Leu Val His
Gln 1145 1150 1155 Val Pro Val Ser Val Gly Pro Ser Leu Leu Thr Ser
Ala Ser Val 1160 1165 1170 Ala Pro Ala Gln Tyr Gln His Gln Phe Ala
Thr Gln Ser Tyr Ile 1175 1180 1185 Gly Ser Ser Arg Gly Ser Thr Ile
Tyr Thr Gly Tyr Pro Leu Ser 1190 1195 1200 Pro Thr Lys Ile Ser Gln
Tyr Ser Tyr Leu 1205 1210 2 357 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 7472693CD1 2 Met Ala Arg Glu Asn Gly Glu Ser Ser Ser
Ser Trp Lys Lys Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Glu Asp Ile Lys Lys Ile Phe Glu
Phe Lys Glu Thr Leu Gly 20 25 30 Thr Gly Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Val
Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Ala Thr 35 40 45 Gly Lys Leu Phe Ala Val Lys
Cys Ile Pro Lys Lys Ala Leu Lys 50 55 60 Gly Lys Glu Ser Ser Ile
Glu Asn Glu Ile Ala Val Leu Arg Lys 65 70 75 Ile Lys His Glu Asn
Ile Val Ala Leu Glu Asp Ile Tyr Glu Ser 80 85 90 Pro Asn His Leu
Tyr Leu Val Met Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Gly Glu 95 100 105 Leu Phe Asp
Arg Ile Val Glu Lys Gly Phe Tyr Thr Glu Lys Asp 110 115 120 Ala Ser
Thr Leu Ile Arg Gln Val Leu Asp Ala Val Tyr Tyr Leu 125 130 135 His
Arg Met Gly Ile Val His Arg Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Leu 140 145 150
Leu Tyr Tyr Ser Gln Asp Glu Glu Ser Lys Ile Met Ile Ser Asp 155 160
165 Phe Gly Leu Ser Lys Met Glu Gly Lys Gly Asp Val Met Ser Thr 170
175 180 Ala Cys Gly Thr Pro Gly Tyr Val Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Ala Gln
185 190 195 Lys Pro Tyr Ser Lys Ala Val Asp Cys Trp Ser Ile Gly Val
Ile 200 205 210 Ala Tyr Ile Leu Leu Cys Gly Tyr Pro Pro Phe Tyr Asp
Glu Asn 215 220 225 Asp Ser Lys Leu Phe Glu Gln Ile Leu Lys Ala Glu
Tyr Glu Phe 230 235 240 Asp Ser Pro Tyr Trp Asp Asp Ile Ser Asp Ser
Ala Lys Asp Phe 245 250 255 Ile Arg Asn Leu Met Glu Lys Asp Pro Asn
Lys Arg Tyr Thr Cys 260 265 270 Glu Gln Ala Ala Arg His Pro Trp Ile
Ala Gly Asp Thr Ala Leu 275 280 285 Asn Lys Asn Ile His Glu Ser Val
Ser Ala Gln Ile Arg Lys Asn 290 295 300 Phe Ala Lys Ser Lys Trp Arg
Gln Ala Phe Asn Ala Thr Ala Val 305 310 315 Val Arg His Met Arg Lys
Leu His Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Asp Ser 320 325 330 Ser Asn Ala Ser Val
Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Leu Ala Ser Gln Lys 335 340 345 Asp Cys Ala Tyr
Val Ala Lys Pro Glu Ser Leu Ser 350 355 3 419 PRT Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 3107952CD1 3 Met Ala Gly Ser Gly Cys Ala
Trp Gly Ala Glu Pro Pro Arg Phe 1 5 10 15 Leu Glu Ala Phe Gly Arg
Leu Trp Gln Val Gln Ser Arg Leu Gly 20 25 30 Ser Gly Ser Ser Ala
Ser Val Tyr Arg Val Arg Cys Cys Gly Asn 35 40 45 Pro Gly Ser Pro
Pro Gly Ala Leu Lys Gln Phe Leu Pro Pro Gly 50 55 60 Thr Thr Gly
Ala Ala Ala Ser Ala Ala Glu Tyr Gly Phe Arg Lys 65 70 75 Glu Arg
Ala Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Gln Gly His Arg Asn Ile Val 80 85 90 Thr
Leu Tyr Gly Val Phe Thr Ile His Phe Ser Pro Asn Val Pro 95 100 105
Ser Arg Cys Leu Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asp Val Ser Val Ser Glu 110 115
120 Leu Leu Leu Tyr Ser Ser His Gln Gly Cys Ser Met Trp Met Ile 125
130 135 Gln His Cys Ala Arg Asp Val Leu Glu Ala Leu Ala Phe Leu His
140 145 150 His Glu Gly Tyr Val His Ala Asp Leu Lys Pro Arg Asn Ile
Leu 155 160 165 Trp Ser Ala Glu Asn Glu Cys Phe Lys Leu Ile Asp Phe
Gly Leu 170 175 180 Ser Phe Lys Glu Gly Asn Gln Asp Val Lys Tyr Ile
Gln Thr Asp 185 190 195 Gly Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Ala Glu Leu Gln Asn
Cys Leu Ala Gln 200 205 210 Ala Gly Leu Gln Ser Asp Thr Glu Cys Thr
Ser Ala Val Asp Leu 215 220 225 Trp Ser Leu Gly Ile Ile Leu Leu Glu
Met Phe Ser Gly Met Lys 230 235 240 Leu Lys His Thr Val Arg Ser Gln
Glu Trp Lys Ala Asn Ser Ser 245 250 255 Ala Ile Ile Asp His Ile Phe
Ala Ser Lys Ala Val Val Asn Ala 260 265 270 Ala Ile Pro Ala Tyr His
Leu Arg Asp Leu Ile Lys Ser Met Leu 275 280 285 His Asp Asp Pro Ser
Arg Arg Ile Pro Ala Glu Met Ala Leu Cys 290 295 300 Ser Pro Phe Phe
Ser Ile Pro Phe Ala Pro His Ile Glu Asp Leu 305 310 315 Val Met Leu
Pro Thr Pro Val Leu Arg Leu Leu Asn Val Leu Asp 320 325 330 Asp Asp
Tyr Leu Glu Asn Glu Glu Glu Tyr Glu Asp Val Val Glu 335 340 345 Asp
Val Lys Glu Glu Cys Gln Lys Tyr Gly Pro Val Val Ser Leu 350 355 360
Leu Val Pro Lys Gly Asn Pro Gly Arg Gly Gln Val Phe Val Glu 365 370
375 Tyr Ala Asn Ala Gly Asp Ser Lys Ala Ala Gln Lys Leu Leu Thr 380
385 390 Gly Arg Met Phe Asp Gly Lys Phe Val Val Ala Thr Phe Tyr Pro
395 400 405 Leu Ser Ala Tyr Lys Arg Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Gln Thr Leu Leu
410 415 4 624 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 5544420CD1
4 Met Asn Arg Tyr Thr Thr Met Arg Gln Leu Gly Asp Gly Thr Tyr 1 5
10 15 Gly Ser Val Leu Met Gly Lys Ser Asn Glu Ser Gly Glu Leu Val
20 25 30 Ala Ile Lys Arg Met Lys Arg Lys Phe Tyr Ser Trp Asp Glu
Cys 35 40 45 Met Asn Leu Arg Glu Val Lys Ser Leu Lys Lys Leu Asn
His Ala 50 55 60 Asn Val Ile Lys Leu Lys Glu Val Ile Arg Glu Asn
Asp His Leu 65 70 75 Tyr Phe Ile Phe Glu Tyr Met Lys Glu Asn Leu
Tyr Gln Leu Met 80 85 90 Lys Asp Arg Asn Lys Leu Phe Pro Glu Ser
Val Ile Arg Asn Ile 95 100 105 Met Tyr Gln Ile Leu Gln Gly Leu Ala
Phe Ile His Lys His Gly 110 115 120 Phe Phe His Arg Asp Met Lys Pro
Glu Asn Leu Leu Cys Met Gly 125 130 135 Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Ile Ala
Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Arg Glu Leu 140 145 150 Arg Ser Gln Pro Pro Tyr
Thr Asp Tyr Val Ser Thr Arg Trp Tyr 155 160 165 Arg Ala Pro Glu Val
Leu Leu Arg Ser Ser Val Tyr Ser Ser Pro 170 175 180 Ile Asp Val Trp
Ala Val Gly Ser Ile Met Ala Glu Leu Tyr Met 185 190 195 Leu Arg Pro
Leu Phe Pro Gly Thr Ser Glu Val Asp Glu Ile Phe 200 205 210 Lys Ile
Cys Gln Val Leu Gly Thr Pro Lys Lys Ser Asp Trp Pro 215 220 225 Glu
Gly Tyr Gln Leu Ala Ser Ser Met Asn Phe Arg Phe Pro Gln 230 235 240
Cys Val Pro Ile Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Ile Pro Asn Ala Ser Asn 245 250
255 Glu Ala Ile Gln Leu Met Thr Glu Met Leu Asn Trp Asp Pro Lys 260
265 270 Lys Arg Pro Thr Ala Ser Gln Ala Leu Lys His Pro Tyr Phe Gln
275 280
285 Val Gly Gln Val Leu Gly Pro Ser Ser Asn His Leu Glu Ser Lys 290
295 300 Gln Ser Leu Asn Lys Gln Leu Gln Pro Leu Glu Ser Lys Pro Ser
305 310 315 Leu Val Glu Val Glu Pro Lys Pro Leu Pro Asp Ile Ile Asp
Gln 320 325 330 Val Val Gly Gln Pro Gln Pro Lys Thr Ser Gln Gln Pro
Leu Gln 335 340 345 Pro Ile Gln Pro Pro Gln Asn Leu Ser Val Gln Gln
Pro Pro Lys 350 355 360 Gln Gln Ser Gln Glu Lys Pro Pro Gln Thr Leu
Phe Pro Ser Ile 365 370 375 Val Lys Asn Met Pro Thr Lys Pro Asn Gly
Thr Leu Ser His Lys 380 385 390 Ser Gly Arg Arg Arg Trp Gly Gln Thr
Ile Phe Lys Ser Gly Asp 395 400 405 Ser Trp Glu Glu Leu Glu Asp Tyr
Asp Phe Gly Ala Ser His Ser 410 415 420 Lys Lys Pro Ser Met Gly Val
Phe Lys Glu Lys Arg Lys Lys Asp 425 430 435 Ser Pro Phe Arg Leu Pro
Glu Pro Val Pro Ser Gly Ser Asn His 440 445 450 Ser Thr Gly Glu Asn
Lys Ser Leu Pro Ala Val Thr Ser Leu Lys 455 460 465 Ser Asp Ser Glu
Leu Ser Thr Ala Pro Thr Ser Lys Gln Tyr Tyr 470 475 480 Leu Lys Gln
Ser Arg Tyr Leu Pro Gly Val Asn Pro Lys Lys Val 485 490 495 Ser Leu
Ile Ala Ser Gly Lys Glu Ile Asn Pro His Thr Trp Ser 500 505 510 Asn
Gln Leu Phe Pro Lys Ser Leu Gly Pro Val Gly Ala Glu Leu 515 520 525
Ala Phe Lys Arg Ser Asn Ala Glu Glu Lys Leu Gly Ser Tyr Ala 530 535
540 Thr Tyr Asn Gln Ser Gly Tyr Ile Pro Ser Phe Leu Lys Lys Glu 545
550 555 Val Gln Ser Ala Gly Gln Arg Ile His Leu Ala Pro Leu Asn Ala
560 565 570 Thr Ala Ser Glu Tyr Thr Trp Asn Thr Lys Thr Gly Arg Gly
Gln 575 580 585 Phe Ser Gly Arg Thr Tyr Asn Pro Thr Ala Lys Asn Leu
Asn Ile 590 595 600 Val Asn Arg Ala Gln Pro Ile Pro Ser Val His Gly
Arg Thr Asp 605 610 615 Trp Val Ala Lys Tyr Gly Gly His Arg 620 5
878 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 7472832CD1 5 Met Ala
Thr Ala Pro Ser Tyr Pro Ala Gly Leu Pro Gly Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly
Pro Gly Ser Pro Pro Pro Pro Gly Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln Ser 20 25 30
Pro Pro Pro Leu Leu Pro Gln Ile Pro Ala Pro Gly Ser Gly Val 35 40
45 Ser Phe His Ile Gln Ile Gly Leu Thr Arg Glu Phe Val Leu Leu 50
55 60 Pro Ala Ala Ser Glu Leu Ala His Val Lys Gln Leu Ala Cys Ser
65 70 75 Ile Val Asp Gln Lys Phe Pro Glu Cys Gly Phe Tyr Gly Leu
Tyr 80 85 90 Asp Lys Ile Leu Leu Phe Lys His Asp Pro Thr Ser Ala
Asn Leu 95 100 105 Leu Gln Leu Val Arg Ser Ser Gly Asp Ile Gln Glu
Gly Asp Leu 110 115 120 Val Glu Val Val Leu Ser Ala Ser Ala Thr Phe
Glu Asp Phe Gln 125 130 135 Ile Arg Pro His Ala Leu Thr Val His Ser
Tyr Arg Ala Pro Ala 140 145 150 Phe Cys Asp His Cys Gly Glu Met Leu
Phe Gly Leu Val Arg Gln 155 160 165 Gly Leu Lys Cys Asp Gly Cys Gly
Leu Asn Tyr His Lys Arg Cys 170 175 180 Ala Phe Ser Ile Pro Asn Asn
Cys Ser Gly Ala Arg Lys Arg Arg 185 190 195 Leu Ser Ser Thr Ser Leu
Ala Ser Gly His Ser Val Arg Leu Gly 200 205 210 Thr Ser Glu Ser Leu
Pro Cys Thr Ala Glu Glu Leu Ser Arg Ser 215 220 225 Thr Thr Glu Leu
Leu Pro Arg Arg Pro Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser 230 235 240 Ser Ser Ala
Ser Ser Tyr Thr Gly Arg Pro Ile Glu Leu Asp Lys 245 250 255 Met Leu
Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Val Pro His Thr Phe Leu Ile His 260 265 270 Ser
Tyr Thr Arg Pro Thr Val Cys Gln Ala Cys Lys Lys Leu Leu 275 280 285
Lys Gly Leu Phe Arg Gln Gly Leu Gln Cys Lys Asp Cys Lys Phe 290 295
300 Asn Cys His Lys Arg Cys Ala Thr Arg Val Pro Asn Asp Cys Leu 305
310 315 Gly Glu Ala Leu Ile Asn Gly Asp Val Pro Met Glu Glu Ala Thr
320 325 330 Asp Phe Ser Glu Ala Asp Lys Ser Ala Leu Met Asp Glu Ser
Glu 335 340 345 Asp Ser Gly Val Ile Pro Gly Ser His Ser Glu Asn Ala
Leu His 350 355 360 Ala Ser Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Glu Gly Gly Lys Ala
Gln Ser Ser 365 370 375 Leu Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Met Arg Val Val Gln
Ser Val Arg His 380 385 390 Thr Thr Arg Lys Ser Ser Thr Thr Leu Arg
Glu Gly Trp Val Val 395 400 405 His Tyr Ser Asn Lys Asp Thr Leu Arg
Lys Arg His Tyr Trp Arg 410 415 420 Leu Asp Cys Lys Cys Ile Thr Leu
Phe Gln Asn Asn Thr Thr Asn 425 430 435 Arg Tyr Tyr Lys Glu Ile Pro
Leu Ser Glu Ile Leu Thr Val Glu 440 445 450 Ser Ala Gln Asn Phe Ser
Leu Val Pro Pro Gly Thr Asn Pro His 455 460 465 Cys Phe Glu Ile Val
Thr Ala Asn Ala Thr Tyr Phe Val Gly Glu 470 475 480 Met Pro Gly Gly
Thr Pro Gly Gly Pro Ser Gly Gln Gly Ala Glu 485 490 495 Ala Ala Arg
Gly Trp Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Gln Ala Leu Met Pro 500 505 510 Val Ile
Leu Gln Asp Ala Pro Ser Ala Pro Gly His Ala Pro His 515 520 525 Arg
Gln Ala Ser Leu Ser Ile Ser Val Ser Asn Ser Gln Ile Gln 530 535 540
Glu Asn Val Asp Ile Ala Thr Val Tyr Gln Ile Phe Pro Asp Glu 545 550
555 Val Leu Gly Ser Gly Gln Phe Gly Val Val Tyr Gly Gly Lys His 560
565 570 Arg Lys Thr Gly Arg Asp Val Ala Val Lys Val Ile Asp Lys Leu
575 580 585 Arg Phe Pro Thr Lys Gln Glu Ser Gln Leu Arg Asn Glu Val
Ala 590 595 600 Ile Leu Gln Ser Leu Arg His Pro Gly Ile Val Asn Leu
Glu Cys 605 610 615 Met Phe Glu Thr Pro Glu Lys Val Phe Val Val Met
Glu Lys Leu 620 625 630 His Gly Asp Met Leu Glu Met Ile Leu Ser Ser
Glu Lys Gly Arg 635 640 645 Leu Pro Glu Arg Leu Thr Lys Phe Leu Ile
Thr Gln Ile Leu Val 650 655 660 Ala Leu Arg His Leu His Phe Lys Asn
Ile Val His Cys Asp Leu 665 670 675 Lys Pro Glu Asn Val Leu Leu Ala
Ser Ala Asp Pro Phe Pro Gln 680 685 690 Val Lys Leu Cys Asp Phe Gly
Phe Ala Arg Ile Ile Gly Glu Lys 695 700 705 Ser Phe Arg Arg Ser Val
Val Gly Thr Pro Ala Tyr Leu Ala Pro 710 715 720 Glu Val Leu Leu Asn
Gln Gly Tyr Asn Arg Ser Leu Asp Met Trp 725 730 735 Ser Val Gly Val
Ile Met Tyr Val Ser Leu Ser Gly Thr Phe Pro 740 745 750 Phe Asn Glu
Asp Glu Asp Ile Asn Asp Gln Ile Gln Asn Ala Ala 755 760 765 Phe Met
Tyr Pro Ala Ser Pro Trp Ser His Ile Ser Ala Gly Ala 770 775 780 Ile
Asp Leu Ile Asn Asn Leu Leu Gln Val Lys Met Arg Lys Arg 785 790 795
Tyr Ser Val Asp Lys Ser Leu Ser His Pro Trp Leu Gln Glu Tyr 800 805
810 Gln Thr Trp Leu Asp Leu Arg Glu Leu Glu Gly Lys Met Gly Glu 815
820 825 Arg Tyr Ile Thr His Glu Ser Asp Asp Ala Arg Trp Glu Gln Phe
830 835 840 Ala Ala Glu His Pro Leu Pro Gly Ser Gly Leu Pro Thr Asp
Arg 845 850 855 Asp Leu Gly Gly Ala Cys Pro Pro Gln Asp His Asp Met
Gln Gly 860 865 870 Leu Ala Glu Arg Ile Ser Val Leu 875 6 440 PRT
Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 1551456CD1 6 Met Ser Lys Leu
Arg Met Lys Arg Arg Ala Ser Asp Arg Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Gly Glu Thr
Ser Ala Arg Ala Lys Ala Leu Gly Ser Gly Ile Ser 20 25 30 Gly Asn
Asn Ala Lys Arg Ala Gly Pro Phe Ile Leu Gly Pro Arg 35 40 45 Leu
Gly Asn Ser Pro Val Pro Ser Ile Val Gln Cys Leu Ala Arg 50 55 60
Lys Asp Gly Thr Asp Asp Phe Tyr Gln Leu Lys Ile Leu Thr Leu 65 70
75 Glu Glu Arg Gly Asp Gln Gly Ile Glu Ser Gln Glu Glu Arg Gln 80
85 90 Gly Lys Met Leu Leu His Thr Glu Tyr Ser Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu
95 100 105 His Thr Gln Asp Gly Val Val His His His Gly Leu Phe Gln
Asp 110 115 120 Arg Thr Cys Glu Ile Val Glu Asp Thr Glu Ser Ser Arg
Met Val 125 130 135 Lys Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Ile Cys Leu Val Leu Asp
Cys Leu Cys 140 145 150 Ala His Asp Phe Ser Asp Lys Thr Ala Asp Leu
Ile Asn Leu Gln 155 160 165 His Tyr Val Ile Lys Glu Lys Arg Leu Ser
Glu Arg Glu Thr Val 170 175 180 Val Ile Phe Tyr Asp Val Val Arg Val
Val Glu Ala Leu His Gln 185 190 195 Lys Asn Ile Val His Arg Asp Leu
Lys Leu Gly Asn Met Val Leu 200 205 210 Asn Lys Arg Thr His Arg Ile
Thr Ile Thr Asn Phe Cys Leu Gly 215 220 225 Lys His Leu Val Ser Glu
Gly Asp Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Arg Gly 230 235 240 Ser Pro Ala Tyr Ile
Ser Pro Asp Val Leu Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr 245 250 255 Arg Gly Lys Pro
Ser Asp Met Trp Ala Leu Gly Val Val Leu Phe 260 265 270 Thr Met Leu
Tyr Gly Gln Phe Pro Phe Tyr Asp Ser Ile Pro Gln 275 280 285 Glu Leu
Phe Arg Lys Ile Lys Ala Ala Glu Tyr Thr Ile Pro Glu 290 295 300 Asp
Gly Arg Val Ser Glu Asn Thr Val Cys Leu Ile Arg Lys Leu 305 310 315
Leu Val Leu Asp Pro Gln Gln Arg Leu Ala Ala Ala Asp Val Leu 320 325
330 Glu Ala Leu Ser Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Trp Gln Ser Leu Ser Ser 335
340 345 Leu Ser Gly Pro Leu Gln Val Val Pro Asp Ile Asp Asp Gln Met
350 355 360 Ser Asn Ala Asp Ser Ser Gln Glu Ala Lys Val Thr Glu Glu
Cys 365 370 375 Ser Gln Tyr Glu Phe Glu Asn Tyr Met Arg Gln Gln Leu
Leu Leu 380 385 390 Ala Glu Glu Lys Ser Ser Ile His Asp Ala Arg Ser
Trp Val Pro 395 400 405 Lys Arg Gln Phe Gly Ser Ala Pro Pro Val Arg
Arg Leu Gly His 410 415 420 Asp Ala Gln Pro Met Thr Ser Leu Asp Thr
Ala Ile Leu Ala Gln 425 430 435 Arg Tyr Leu Arg Lys 440 7 923 PRT
Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 2589355CD1 7 Met Ala Arg Gly
Thr Cys Ser Ala Gly Arg Ser Gly Trp Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Ser
Arg Ala Arg Trp Ala Ser Gly Asn Phe Ala Val Val 20 25 30 Lys Leu
Gly Arg His Arg Ile Thr Lys Thr Glu Val Ala Ile Lys 35 40 45 Ile
Ile Asp Lys Ser Gln Pro Trp Met His Val Asn Leu Glu Lys 50 55 60
Ile Tyr Arg Glu Val Gln Ile Met Lys Met Leu Asp His Pro His 65 70
75 Ile Ile Lys Leu Tyr Gln Val Met Glu Thr Lys Ser Met Leu Tyr 80
85 90 Leu Val Thr Glu Tyr Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ile Phe Asp Tyr Leu
95 100 105 Ala Asn His Gly Arg Leu Asn Glu Ser Glu Ala Arg Arg Lys
Phe 110 115 120 Trp Gln Ile Leu Ser Ala Val Asp Tyr Cys His Gly Arg
Lys Ile 125 130 135 Val His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ala Glu Asn Leu Leu Leu
Asp Asn Asn 140 145 150 Met Asn Ile Lys Ile Ala Asp Phe Gly Phe Gly
Asn Phe Phe Lys 155 160 165 Ser Gly Glu Leu Leu Ala Thr Trp Cys Gly
Ser Pro Pro Tyr Ala 170 175 180 Ala Pro Glu Val Phe Glu Gly Gln Gln
Tyr Glu Gly Pro Gln Leu 185 190 195 Asp Ile Trp Ser Met Gly Val Val
Leu Tyr Val Leu Val Cys Gly 200 205 210 Ala Leu Pro Phe Asp Gly Pro
Thr Leu Pro Ile Leu Arg Gln Arg 215 220 225 Val Leu Glu Gly Arg Phe
Arg Ile Pro Tyr Phe Met Ser Glu Asp 230 235 240 Cys Glu His Leu Ile
Arg Arg Met Leu Val Leu Asp Pro Ser Lys 245 250 255 Arg Leu Thr Ile
Ala Gln Ile Lys Glu His Lys Trp Met Leu Ile 260 265 270 Glu Val Pro
Val Gln Arg Pro Val Leu Tyr Pro Gln Glu Gln Glu 275 280 285 Asn Glu
Pro Ser Ile Gly Glu Phe Asn Glu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu 290 295 300 Met
His Ser Leu Gly Ile Asp Gln Gln Lys Thr Ile Glu Ser Leu 305 310 315
Gln Asn Lys Ser Tyr Asn His Phe Ala Ala Ile Tyr Phe Leu Leu 320 325
330 Val Glu Arg Leu Lys Ser His Arg Ser Ser Phe Pro Val Glu Gln 335
340 345 Arg Leu Asp Gly Arg Gln Arg Arg Pro Ser Thr Ile Ala Glu Gln
350 355 360 Thr Val Ala Lys Ala Gln Thr Val Gly Leu Pro Val Thr Met
His 365 370 375 Ser Pro Asn Met Arg Leu Leu Arg Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro
Gln Ala 380 385 390 Ser Asn Val Glu Ala Phe Ser Phe Pro Ala Ser Gly
Cys Gln Ala 395 400 405 Glu Ala Ala Phe Met Glu Glu Glu Cys Val Asp
Thr Pro Lys Val 410 415 420 Asn Gly Cys Leu Leu Asp Pro Val Pro Pro
Val Leu Val Arg Lys 425 430 435 Gly Cys Gln Ser Leu Pro Ser Asn Met
Met Glu Thr Ser Ile Asp 440 445 450 Glu Gly Leu Glu Thr Glu Gly Glu
Ala Glu Glu Asp Pro Ala His 455 460 465 Ala Phe Glu Ala Phe Gln Ser
Thr Arg Ser Gly Gln Arg Arg His 470 475 480 Thr Leu Ser Glu Val Thr
Asn Gln Leu Val Val Met Pro Gly Ala 485 490 495 Gly Lys Ile Phe Ser
Met Asn Asp Ser Pro Ser Leu Asp Ser Val 500 505 510 Asp Ser Glu Tyr
Asp Met Gly Ser Val Gln Arg Asp Leu Asn Phe 515 520 525 Leu Glu Asp
Asn Pro Ser Leu Lys Asp Ile Met Leu Ala Asn Gln 530 535 540 Pro Ser
Pro Arg Met Thr Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser Leu Arg Pro Thr 545 550 555 Asn
Pro Ala Met Gln Ala Leu Ser Ser Gln Lys Arg Glu Val His 560 565 570
Asn Arg Ser Pro Val Ser Phe Arg Glu Gly Arg Arg Ala Ser Asp 575 580
585 Thr Ser Leu Thr Gln Gly Ile Val Ala Phe Arg Gln His Leu Gln 590
595 600 Asn Leu Ala Arg Thr Lys Gly Ile Leu Glu Leu Asn Lys Val Gln
605 610 615 Leu Leu Tyr Glu Gln Ile Gly Pro Glu
Ala Asp Pro Asn Leu Ala 620 625 630 Pro Ala Ala Pro Gln Leu Gln Asp
Leu Ala Ser Ser Cys Pro Gln 635 640 645 Glu Glu Val Ser Gln Gln Gln
Glu Ser Val Ser Thr Leu Pro Ala 650 655 660 Ser Val His Pro Gln Leu
Ser Pro Arg Gln Ser Leu Glu Thr Gln 665 670 675 Tyr Leu Gln His Arg
Leu Gln Lys Pro Ser Leu Leu Ser Lys Ala 680 685 690 Gln Asn Thr Cys
Gln Leu Tyr Cys Lys Glu Pro Pro Arg Ser Leu 695 700 705 Glu Gln Gln
Leu Gln Glu His Arg Leu Gln Gln Lys Arg Leu Phe 710 715 720 Leu Gln
Lys Gln Ser Gln Leu Gln Ala Tyr Phe Asn Gln Met Gln 725 730 735 Ile
Ala Glu Ser Ser Tyr Pro Gln Pro Ser Gln Gln Leu Pro Leu 740 745 750
Pro Arg Gln Glu Thr Pro Pro Pro Ser Gln Gln Ala Pro Pro Phe 755 760
765 Ser Leu Thr Gln Pro Leu Ser Pro Val Leu Glu Pro Ser Ser Glu 770
775 780 Gln Met Gln Tyr Ser Pro Phe Leu Ser Gln Tyr Gln Glu Met Gln
785 790 795 Leu Gln Pro Leu Pro Ser Thr Ser Gly Pro Arg Ala Ala Pro
Pro 800 805 810 Leu Pro Thr Gln Leu Gln Gln Gln Gln Pro Pro Pro Pro
Pro Pro 815 820 825 Pro Pro Pro Pro Arg Gln Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro Ala
Pro Leu Gln 830 835 840 Phe Ser Tyr Gln Thr Cys Glu Leu Pro Ser Ala
Ala Ser Pro Ala 845 850 855 Pro Asp Tyr Pro Thr Pro Cys Gln Tyr Pro
Val Asp Gly Ala Gln 860 865 870 Gln Ser Asp Leu Thr Gly Pro Asp Cys
Pro Arg Ser Pro Gly Leu 875 880 885 Gln Glu Ala Pro Ser Ser Tyr Asp
Pro Leu Ala Leu Ser Glu Leu 890 895 900 Pro Gly Leu Phe Asp Cys Glu
Met Leu Asp Ala Val Asp Pro Gln 905 910 915 His Asn Gly Tyr Val Leu
Val Asn 920 8 442 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No
4357117CD1 8 Met Arg Ile Val Cys Leu Val Lys Asn Gln Gln Pro Leu
Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Thr Ile Lys Arg His Glu Met Thr Gly Asp Ile Leu
Val Ala Arg 20 25 30 Ile Ile His Gly Gly Leu Ala Glu Arg Ser Gly
Leu Leu Tyr Ala 35 40 45 Gly Asp Lys Leu Val Glu Val Asn Gly Val
Ser Val Glu Gly Leu 50 55 60 Asp Pro Glu Gln Val Ile His Ile Leu
Ala Met Ser Arg Gly Thr 65 70 75 Ile Met Phe Lys Val Val Pro Val
Ser Asp Pro Pro Val Asn Ser 80 85 90 Gln Gln Met Val Tyr Val Arg
Ala Met Thr Glu Tyr Trp Pro Gln 95 100 105 Glu Asp Pro Asp Ile Pro
Cys Met Asp Ala Gly Leu Pro Phe Gln 110 115 120 Lys Gly Asp Ile Leu
Gln Ile Val Asp Gln Asn Asp Ala Leu Trp 125 130 135 Trp Gln Ala Arg
Lys Ile Ser Asp Pro Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Leu 140 145 150 Val Pro Ser
Asn His Leu Leu Lys Arg Lys Gln Arg Glu Phe Trp 155 160 165 Trp Ser
Gln Pro Tyr Gln Pro His Thr Cys Leu Lys Ser Thr Ser 170 175 180 Asp
Lys Glu Glu Phe Val Gly Tyr Gly Gln Lys Phe Phe Ile Gly 185 190 195
Arg Phe Ser Pro Leu His Ala Ser Val Cys Cys Thr Gly Ser Cys 200 205
210 Tyr Ser Ala Val Gly Ala Pro Tyr Glu Glu Val Val Arg Tyr Gln 215
220 225 Arg Arg Pro Ser Asp Lys Tyr Arg Leu Ile Val Leu Ile Gly Pro
230 235 240 Ser Gly Val Gly Val Asn Glu Leu Arg Arg Gln Leu Ile Glu
Phe 245 250 255 Asn Pro Ser His Phe Gln Ser Ala Val Pro His Thr Thr
Arg Thr 260 265 270 Lys Lys Ser Tyr Glu Met Asn Gly Arg Glu Tyr His
Tyr Val Ser 275 280 285 Lys Glu Thr Phe Glu Asn Leu Ile Tyr Ser His
Arg Met Leu Glu 290 295 300 Tyr Gly Glu Tyr Lys Gly His Leu Tyr Gly
Thr Ser Val Asp Ala 305 310 315 Val Gln Thr Val Leu Val Glu Gly Lys
Ile Cys Val Met Asp Leu 320 325 330 Glu Pro Gln Asp Ile Gln Gly Val
Arg Thr His Glu Leu Lys Pro 335 340 345 Tyr Val Ile Phe Ile Lys Pro
Ser Asn Met Arg Cys Met Lys Gln 350 355 360 Ser Arg Lys Asn Ala Lys
Val Ile Thr Asp Tyr Tyr Val Asp Met 365 370 375 Lys Phe Lys Asp Glu
Asp Leu Gln Glu Met Glu Asn Leu Ala Gln 380 385 390 Arg Met Glu Thr
Gln Phe Gly Gln Phe Phe Asp His Val Ile Val 395 400 405 Asn Asp Ser
Leu His Asp Ala Cys Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser Ala Ile 410 415 420 Gln Lys
Ala Gln Glu Glu Pro Gln Trp Val Pro Ala Thr Trp Ile 425 430 435 Ser
Ser Asp Thr Glu Ser Gln 440 9 1046 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 5511992CD1 9 Met Glu Pro Ser Arg Ala Leu Leu Gly Cys
Leu Ala Ser Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Ala Ala Pro Pro Gly Glu Asp Gly
Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Glu 20 25 30 Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu
Ala Ala Ala Ala Val Gly Pro 35 40 45 Gly Glu Leu Gly Cys Asp Ala
Pro Leu Pro Tyr Trp Thr Ala Val 50 55 60 Phe Glu Tyr Glu Ala Ala
Gly Glu Asp Glu Leu Thr Leu Arg Leu 65 70 75 Gly Asp Val Val Glu
Val Leu Ser Lys Asp Ser Gln Val Ser Gly 80 85 90 Asp Glu Gly Trp
Trp Thr Gly Gln Leu Asn Gln Arg Val Gly Ile 95 100 105 Phe Pro Ser
Asn Tyr Val Thr Pro Arg Ser Ala Phe Ser Ser Arg 110 115 120 Cys Gln
Pro Gly Gly Glu Glu Glu Ile Asp Phe Ala Glu Leu Thr 125 130 135 Leu
Glu Glu Ile Ile Gly Ile Gly Gly Phe Gly Lys Val Tyr Arg 140 145 150
Ala Phe Trp Ile Gly Asp Glu Val Ala Val Lys Ala Ala Arg His 155 160
165 Asp Pro Asp Glu Asp Ile Ser Gln Thr Ile Glu Asn Val Arg Gln 170
175 180 Glu Ala Lys Leu Phe Ala Met Leu Lys His Pro Asn Ile Ile Ala
185 190 195 Leu Arg Gly Val Cys Leu Lys Glu Pro Asn Leu Cys Leu Val
Met 200 205 210 Glu Phe Ala Arg Gly Gly Pro Leu Asn Arg Val Leu Ser
Gly Lys 215 220 225 Arg Ile Pro Pro Asp Ile Leu Val Asn Trp Ala Val
Gln Ile Ala 230 235 240 Arg Gly Met Asn Tyr Leu Leu Asp Glu Ala Ile
Val Pro Ile Ile 245 250 255 His Arg Asp Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Ile Leu
Ile Leu Gln Lys Val 260 265 270 Glu Asn Gly Asp Leu Ser Asn Lys Ile
Leu Lys Ile Thr Asp Phe 275 280 285 Gly Leu Ala Arg Glu Trp His Arg
Thr Thr Lys Met Ser Ala Ala 290 295 300 Gly Thr Tyr Ala Trp Met Ala
Pro Glu Val Ile Arg Ala Ser Met 305 310 315 Phe Ser Lys Gly Ser Asp
Val Trp Ser Tyr Gly Val Leu Leu Trp 320 325 330 Glu Leu Leu Thr Gly
Glu Val Pro Phe Arg Gly Ile Asp Gly Leu 335 340 345 Ala Val Ala Tyr
Gly Val Ala Met Asn Lys Leu Ala Leu Pro Ile 350 355 360 Pro Ser Thr
Cys Pro Glu Pro Phe Ala Lys Leu Met Glu Asp Cys 365 370 375 Trp Asn
Pro Asp Pro His Ser Arg Pro Ser Phe Thr Asn Ile Leu 380 385 390 Asp
Gln Leu Thr Thr Ile Glu Glu Ser Gly Phe Phe Glu Met Pro 395 400 405
Lys Asp Ser Phe His Cys Leu Gln Asp Asn Trp Lys His Glu Ile 410 415
420 Gln Glu Met Phe Asp Gln Leu Arg Ala Lys Glu Lys Glu Leu Arg 425
430 435 Thr Trp Glu Glu Glu Leu Thr Arg Ala Ala Leu Gln Gln Lys Asn
440 445 450 Gln Glu Glu Leu Leu Arg Arg Arg Glu Gln Glu Leu Ala Glu
Arg 455 460 465 Glu Ile Asp Ile Leu Glu Arg Glu Leu Asn Ile Ile Ile
His Gln 470 475 480 Leu Cys Gln Glu Lys Pro Arg Val Lys Lys Arg Lys
Gly Lys Phe 485 490 495 Arg Lys Ser Arg Leu Lys Leu Lys Asp Gly Asn
Arg Ile Ser Leu 500 505 510 Pro Ser Gly Phe Gln His Lys Phe Thr Val
Gln Ala Ser Pro Thr 515 520 525 Met Asp Lys Arg Lys Ser Leu Ile Asn
Ser Arg Ser Ser Pro Pro 530 535 540 Ala Ser Pro Thr Ile Ile Pro Arg
Leu Arg Ala Ile Gln Cys Glu 545 550 555 Thr Val Ser Lys Thr Trp Gly
Arg Ser Ser Val Val Pro Lys Glu 560 565 570 Glu Gly Glu Glu Glu Glu
Lys Arg Ala Pro Lys Lys Lys Gly Arg 575 580 585 Thr Trp Gly Pro Gly
Thr Leu Gly Gln Lys Glu Leu Ala Ser Gly 590 595 600 Asp Glu Ser Leu
Lys Ser Leu Val Asp Gly Tyr Lys Gln Trp Ser 605 610 615 Ser Ser Ala
Pro Asn Leu Val Lys Gly Pro Arg Ser Ser Pro Ala 620 625 630 Leu Pro
Gly Phe Thr Ser Leu Met Glu Met Gly Lys Phe Thr Glu 635 640 645 Asp
Glu Asp Ser Glu Gly Pro Gly Ser Gly Glu Ser Arg Leu Gln 650 655 660
His Ser Pro Ser Gln Ser Tyr Leu Cys Ile Pro Phe Pro Arg Gly 665 670
675 Glu Asp Gly Asp Gly Pro Ser Ser Asp Gly Ile His Glu Glu Pro 680
685 690 Thr Pro Val Asn Ser Ala Thr Ser Thr Pro Gln Leu Thr Pro Thr
695 700 705 Asn Ser Leu Lys Arg Gly Gly Ala His His Arg Arg Cys Glu
Val 710 715 720 Ala Leu Leu Gly Cys Gly Ala Val Leu Ala Ala Thr Gly
Leu Gly 725 730 735 Phe Asp Leu Leu Glu Ala Gly Lys Cys Gln Leu Leu
Pro Leu Glu 740 745 750 Glu Pro Glu Pro Pro Ala Arg Glu Glu Lys Lys
Arg Arg Glu Gly 755 760 765 Leu Phe Gln Arg Ser Ser Arg Pro Arg Arg
Ser Thr Ser Pro Pro 770 775 780 Ser Arg Lys Leu Phe Lys Lys Glu Glu
Pro Met Leu Leu Leu Gly 785 790 795 Asp Pro Ser Ala Ser Leu Thr Leu
Leu Ser Leu Ser Ser Ile Ser 800 805 810 Glu Cys Asn Ser Thr Arg Ser
Leu Leu Arg Ser Asp Ser Asp Glu 815 820 825 Ile Val Val Tyr Glu Met
Pro Val Ser Pro Val Glu Ala Pro Pro 830 835 840 Leu Ser Pro Cys Thr
His Asn Pro Leu Val Asn Val Arg Val Glu 845 850 855 Arg Phe Lys Arg
Asp Pro Asn Gln Ser Leu Thr Pro Thr His Val 860 865 870 Thr Leu Thr
Thr Pro Ser Gln Pro Ser Ser His Arg Arg Thr Pro 875 880 885 Ser Asp
Gly Ala Leu Pro Ser Pro Ser Arg Asp Pro Gly Glu Phe 890 895 900 Pro
Arg Leu Pro Asp Pro Asn Val Val Phe Pro Pro Thr Pro Arg 905 910 915
Arg Trp Asn Thr Gln Gln Asp Ser Thr Leu Glu Arg Pro Lys Thr 920 925
930 Leu Glu Phe Leu Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Ser Ala Asn Arg Gln Arg 935
940 945 Leu Asp Pro Trp Trp Phe Val Ser Pro Ser His Ala Arg Ser Thr
950 955 960 Ser Pro Ala Asn Ser Ser Ser Thr Glu Thr Pro Ser Asn Leu
Asp 965 970 975 Ser Cys Phe Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Val Glu Glu Arg
Pro Gly 980 985 990 Leu Pro Ala Leu Leu Pro Phe Gln Ala Gly Pro Leu
Pro Pro Thr 995 1000 1005 Glu Arg Thr Leu Leu Asp Leu Asp Ala Glu
Gly Gln Ser Gln Asp 1010 1015 1020 Ser Thr Val Pro Leu Cys Arg Ala
Glu Leu Asn Thr His Arg Pro 1025 1030 1035 Ala Pro Tyr Glu Ile Gln
Gln Glu Phe Trp Ser 1040 1045 10 357 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 7474560CD1 10 Met Gln Ile Pro Asp Glu Glu Gly Ile Val
Ile Asp Gly Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Arg Asp Val Ala Gln Ala Leu Ser Phe
Glu Asp Gln Ile Cys Thr 20 25 30 Pro Asp Leu Val Val Phe Leu Ala
Cys Ala Asn Gln Arg Leu Lys 35 40 45 Glu Arg Leu Leu Lys Arg Ala
Glu Gln Gln Gly Arg Pro Asp Asp 50 55 60 Asn Val Lys Ala Thr Gln
Arg Arg Leu Met Asn Phe Lys Gln Asn 65 70 75 Ala Ala Pro Leu Val
Lys Tyr Phe Gln Glu Lys Gly Leu Ile Met 80 85 90 Thr Phe Asp Ala
Asp Arg Asp Glu Asp Glu Val Phe Tyr Asp Ile 95 100 105 Ser Met Ala
Val Asp Asn Lys Leu Phe Pro Asn Lys Glu Ala Ala 110 115 120 Ala Gly
Ser Ser Asp Leu Asp Pro Ser Met Ile Leu Asp Thr Gly 125 130 135 Glu
Ile Ile Asp Thr Gly Ser Asp Tyr Glu Asp Gln Gly Asp Asp 140 145 150
Gln Leu Asn Val Phe Gly Glu Asp Thr Met Gly Gly Phe Met Glu 155 160
165 Asp Leu Arg Lys Cys Lys Ile Ile Phe Ile Ile Gly Gly Pro Gly 170
175 180 Ser Gly Lys Gly Thr Gln Cys Glu Lys Leu Val Glu Lys Tyr Gly
185 190 195 Phe Thr His Leu Ser Thr Gly Glu Leu Leu Arg Glu Glu Leu
Ala 200 205 210 Ser Glu Ser Glu Arg Ser Lys Leu Ile Arg Asp Ile Met
Glu Arg 215 220 225 Gly Asp Leu Val Pro Ser Gly Ile Val Leu Glu Leu
Leu Lys Glu 230 235 240 Ala Met Val Ala Ser Leu Gly Asp Thr Arg Gly
Phe Leu Ile Asp 245 250 255 Gly Tyr Pro Arg Glu Val Lys Gln Gly Glu
Glu Phe Gly Arg Arg 260 265 270 Ile Gly Asp Pro Gln Leu Val Ile Cys
Met Asp Cys Ser Ala Asp 275 280 285 Thr Met Thr Asn Arg Leu Leu Gln
Arg Ser Arg Ser Ser Leu Pro 290 295 300 Val Asp Asp Thr Thr Lys Thr
Ile Ala Lys Arg Leu Glu Ala Tyr 305 310 315 Tyr Arg Ala Ser Ile Pro
Val Ile Ala Tyr Tyr Glu Thr Lys Thr 320 325 330 Gln Leu His Lys Ile
Asn Ala Glu Gly Thr Pro Glu Asp Val Phe 335 340 345 Leu Gln Leu Cys
Thr Ala Ile Asp Ser Ile Ile Phe 350 355 11 355 PRT Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 7474602CD1 11 Met Ala Arg Glu Asn Gly Glu
Ser Ser Ser Ser Trp Lys Lys Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Glu Asp Ile Lys Lys
Ile Phe Glu Phe Lys Glu Thr Leu Gly 20 25 30 Thr Gly Ala Phe Ser
Glu Val Val Leu Ala Glu Glu Lys Ala Thr 35 40 45 Gly Lys Leu Phe
Ala Val Lys Cys Ile Pro Lys Lys Ala Leu Lys 50 55 60 Gly Lys Glu
Ser Ser Ile Glu Asn Glu Ile Ala Val Leu Arg Lys 65 70 75 Ile Lys
His Glu Asn Ile Val Ala Leu Glu Asp Ile Tyr Glu Ser 80 85 90 Pro
Asn His Leu Tyr Leu Val Met Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Gly Glu 95 100 105
Leu Phe Asp Arg Ile Val Glu Lys Gly Phe Tyr Thr Glu Lys Asp 110 115
120 Ala Ser Thr Leu Ile Arg Gln
Val Leu Asp Ala Val Tyr Tyr Leu 125 130 135 His Arg Met Gly Ile Val
His Arg Asp Leu Lys Pro Glu Asn Leu 140 145 150 Leu Tyr Tyr Ser Gln
Asp Glu Glu Ser Lys Ile Met Ile Ser Asp 155 160 165 Phe Gly Leu Ser
Lys Met Glu Gly Lys Gly Asp Val Met Ser Thr 170 175 180 Ala Cys Gly
Thr Pro Gly Tyr Val Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Ala Gln 185 190 195 Lys Pro
Tyr Ser Lys Ala Val Asp Cys Trp Ser Ile Gly Val Ile 200 205 210 Ala
Tyr Ile Leu Leu Cys Gly Tyr Pro Pro Phe Tyr Asp Glu Asn 215 220 225
Asp Ser Lys Leu Phe Glu Gln Ile Leu Lys Ala Glu Tyr Glu Phe 230 235
240 Asp Ser Pro Tyr Trp Asp Asp Ile Ser Asp Ser Ala Lys Asp Phe 245
250 255 Ile Arg Asn Leu Met Glu Lys Asp Pro Asn Lys Arg Tyr Thr Cys
260 265 270 Glu Gln Ala Ala Arg His Pro Trp Ile Ala Gly Asp Thr Ala
Leu 275 280 285 Asn Lys Asn Ile His Glu Ser Val Ser Ala Gln Ile Arg
Lys Asn 290 295 300 Phe Ala Lys Ser Lys Trp Arg Gln Ala Phe Asn Ala
Thr Ala Val 305 310 315 Val Arg His Met Arg Lys Leu His Leu Gly Ser
Ser Leu Asp Ser 320 325 330 Ser Asn Ala Ser Val Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser
Leu Ala Ser Gln Lys 335 340 345 Asp Cys Ala Ser Gly Thr Phe His Ala
Leu 350 355 12 224 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No
7475509CD1 12 Met Ala Ser Lys Leu Leu Arg Ala Val Ile Leu Gly Pro
Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Gly Lys Gly Thr Val Cys Gln Arg Ile Ala Gln
Asn Phe Gly 20 25 30 Leu Gln His Leu Ser Ser Gly His Phe Leu Arg
Glu Asn Ile Lys 35 40 45 Ala Ser Thr Glu Val Gly Glu Met Ala Lys
Gln Tyr Ile Glu Lys 50 55 60 Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Asp His Val Ile
Thr Arg Leu Met Met Ser 65 70 75 Glu Leu Glu Asn Arg Arg Gly Gln
His Trp Leu Leu Asp Gly Phe 80 85 90 Pro Arg Thr Leu Gly Gln Ala
Glu Ala Leu Asp Lys Ile Cys Glu 95 100 105 Val Asp Leu Val Ile Ser
Leu Asn Ile Pro Phe Glu Thr Leu Lys 110 115 120 Asp Arg Leu Ser Arg
Arg Trp Ile His Pro Pro Ser Gly Arg Val 125 130 135 Tyr Asn Leu Asp
Phe Asn Pro Pro His Val His Gly Ile Asp Asp 140 145 150 Val Thr Gly
Glu Pro Leu Val Gln Gln Glu Asp Asp Lys Pro Glu 155 160 165 Ala Val
Ala Ala Arg Leu Arg Gln Tyr Lys Asp Val Ala Lys Pro 170 175 180 Val
Ile Glu Leu Tyr Lys Ser Arg Gly Val Leu His Gln Phe Phe 185 190 195
Arg Asn Arg Arg Arg Thr Lys Ile Trp Pro Tyr Val Tyr Thr Thr 200 205
210 Phe Leu Asn Lys Ile Thr Pro Ile Gln Ser Lys Glu Ala Phe 215 220
13 502 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 7475491CD1 13 Met
Asn Lys Met Lys Asn Phe Lys Arg Arg Phe Ser Leu Ser Val 1 5 10 15
Pro Arg Thr Glu Thr Ile Glu Glu Ser Leu Ala Glu Phe Thr Glu 20 25
30 Gln Phe Asn Gln Leu His Asn Arg Arg Asn Glu Asn Leu Gln Leu 35
40 45 Gly Pro Leu Gly Arg Asp Pro Pro Gln Glu Cys Ser Thr Phe Ser
50 55 60 Pro Thr Asp Ser Gly Glu Glu Pro Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Gly
Val 65 70 75 Gln Phe Gln Arg Arg Gln Asn Gln Arg Arg Phe Ser Met
Glu Val 80 85 90 Arg Ala Ser Gly Ala Leu Pro Arg Gln Val Ala Gly
Cys Thr His 95 100 105 Lys Gly Val His Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Leu Gln
Pro Asp Phe Asp 110 115 120 Val Ser Lys Arg Leu Ser Leu Pro Met Asp
Ile Arg Leu Pro Gln 125 130 135 Glu Phe Leu Gln Lys Leu Gln Met Glu
Ser Pro Asp Leu Pro Lys 140 145 150 Pro Leu Ser Arg Met Ser Arg Arg
Ala Ser Leu Ser Asp Ile Gly 155 160 165 Phe Gly Lys Leu Glu Thr Tyr
Val Lys Leu Asp Lys Leu Gly Glu 170 175 180 Gly Thr Tyr Ala Thr Val
Phe Lys Gly Arg Ser Lys Leu Thr Glu 185 190 195 Asn Leu Val Ala Leu
Lys Glu Ile Arg Leu Glu His Glu Glu Gly 200 205 210 Ala Pro Cys Thr
Ala Ile Arg Glu Val Ser Leu Leu Lys Asn Leu 215 220 225 Lys His Ala
Asn Ile Val Thr Leu His Asp Leu Ile His Thr Asp 230 235 240 Arg Ser
Leu Thr Leu Val Phe Glu Tyr Leu Asp Ser Asp Leu Lys 245 250 255 Gln
Tyr Leu Asp His Cys Gly Asn Leu Met Ser Met His Asn Val 260 265 270
Lys Ile Phe Met Phe Gln Leu Leu Arg Gly Leu Ala Tyr Cys His 275 280
285 His Arg Lys Ile Leu His Arg Asp Leu Lys Pro Gln Asn Leu Leu 290
295 300 Ile Asn Glu Arg Gly Glu Leu Lys Leu Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala
305 310 315 Arg Ala Lys Ser Val Pro Thr Lys Thr Tyr Ser Asn Glu Val
Val 320 325 330 Thr Leu Trp Tyr Arg Pro Pro Asp Val Leu Leu Gly Ser
Thr Glu 335 340 345 Tyr Ser Thr Pro Ile Asp Met Trp Gly Val Gly Cys
Ile His Tyr 350 355 360 Glu Met Ala Thr Gly Arg Pro Leu Phe Pro Gly
Ser Thr Val Lys 365 370 375 Glu Glu Leu His Leu Ile Phe Arg Leu Leu
Gly Thr Pro Thr Glu 380 385 390 Glu Thr Trp Pro Gly Val Thr Ala Phe
Ser Glu Phe Arg Thr Tyr 395 400 405 Ser Phe Pro Cys Tyr Leu Pro Gln
Pro Leu Ile Asn His Ala Pro 410 415 420 Arg Leu Asp Thr Asp Gly Ile
His Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Leu Leu 425 430 435 Tyr Glu Ser Lys Ser Arg
Met Ser Ala Glu Ala Ala Leu Ser His 440 445 450 Ser Tyr Phe Arg Ser
Leu Gly Glu Arg Val His Gln Leu Glu Asp 455 460 465 Thr Ala Ser Ile
Phe Ser Leu Lys Glu Ile Gln Leu Gln Lys Asp 470 475 480 Pro Gly Tyr
Arg Gly Leu Ala Phe Gln Gln Pro Gly Arg Gly Lys 485 490 495 Asn Arg
Arg Gln Ser Ile Phe 500 14 791 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte
ID No 2192119CD1 14 Met Trp Phe Phe Ala Arg Asp Pro Val Arg Asp Phe
Pro Phe Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Pro Glu Pro Pro Glu Gly Gly Leu Pro
Gly Pro Trp Ala 20 25 30 Leu His Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Ala Thr Gly
Ser Pro Val Ser Ile 35 40 45 Phe Val Tyr Asp Val Lys Pro Gly Ala
Glu Glu Gln Thr Gln Val 50 55 60 Ala Lys Ala Ala Phe Lys Arg Phe
Lys Thr Leu Arg His Pro Asn 65 70 75 Ile Leu Ala Tyr Ile Asp Gly
Leu Glu Thr Glu Lys Cys Leu His 80 85 90 Val Val Thr Glu Ala Val
Thr Pro Leu Gly Ile Tyr Leu Lys Ala 95 100 105 Arg Val Glu Ala Gly
Gly Leu Lys Glu Leu Glu Ile Ser Trp Gly 110 115 120 Leu His Gln Ile
Val Lys Ala Leu Ser Phe Leu Val Asn Asp Cys 125 130 135 Ser Leu Ile
His Asn Asn Val Cys Met Ala Ala Val Phe Val Asp 140 145 150 Arg Ala
Gly Glu Trp Lys Leu Gly Gly Leu Asp Tyr Met Tyr Ser 155 160 165 Ala
Gln Gly Asn Gly Gly Gly Pro Pro Arg Lys Gly Ile Pro Glu 170 175 180
Leu Glu Gln Tyr Asp Pro Pro Glu Leu Ala Asp Ser Ser Gly Arg 185 190
195 Val Val Arg Glu Lys Trp Ser Ala Asp Met Trp Arg Leu Gly Cys 200
205 210 Leu Ile Trp Glu Val Phe Asn Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ala Ala Ala
215 220 225 Leu Arg Asn Pro Gly Lys Ile Pro Lys Thr Leu Val Pro His
Tyr 230 235 240 Cys Glu Leu Val Gly Ala Asn Pro Lys Val Arg Pro Asn
Pro Ala 245 250 255 Arg Phe Leu Gln Asn Cys Arg Ala Pro Gly Gly Phe
Met Ser Asn 260 265 270 Arg Phe Val Glu Thr Asn Leu Phe Leu Glu Glu
Ile Gln Ile Lys 275 280 285 Glu Pro Ala Glu Lys Gln Lys Phe Phe Gln
Glu Leu Ser Lys Ser 290 295 300 Leu Asp Ala Phe Pro Glu Asp Phe Cys
Arg His Lys Val Leu Pro 305 310 315 Gln Leu Leu Thr Ala Phe Glu Phe
Gly Asn Ala Gly Ala Val Val 320 325 330 Leu Thr Pro Leu Phe Lys Val
Gly Lys Phe Leu Ser Ala Glu Glu 335 340 345 Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ile Ile
Pro Val Val Val Lys Met Phe Ser Ser 350 355 360 Thr Asp Arg Ala Met
Arg Ile Arg Leu Leu Gln Gln Met Glu Gln 365 370 375 Phe Ile Gln Tyr
Leu Asp Glu Pro Thr Val Asn Thr Gln Ile Phe 380 385 390 Pro His Val
Val His Gly Phe Leu Asp Thr Asn Pro Ala Ile Arg 395 400 405 Glu Gln
Thr Val Lys Ser Met Leu Leu Leu Ala Pro Lys Leu Asn 410 415 420 Glu
Ala Asn Leu Asn Val Glu Leu Met Lys His Phe Ala Arg Leu 425 430 435
Gln Ala Lys Asp Glu Gln Gly Pro Ile Arg Cys Asn Thr Thr Val 440 445
450 Cys Leu Gly Lys Ile Gly Ser Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ser Thr Arg His 455
460 465 Arg Val Leu Thr Ser Ala Phe Ser Arg Ala Thr Arg Asp Pro Phe
470 475 480 Ala Pro Ser Arg Val Ala Gly Val Leu Gly Phe Ala Ala Thr
His 485 490 495 Asn Leu Tyr Ser Met Asn Asp Cys Ala Gln Lys Ile Leu
Pro Val 500 505 510 Leu Cys Gly Leu Thr Val Asp Pro Glu Lys Ser Val
Arg Asp Gln 515 520 525 Ala Phe Lys Ala Ile Arg Ser Phe Leu Ser Lys
Leu Glu Ser Val 530 535 540 Ser Glu Asp Pro Thr Gln Leu Glu Glu Val
Glu Lys Asp Val His 545 550 555 Ala Ala Ser Ser Pro Gly Met Gly Gly
Ala Ala Ala Ser Trp Ala 560 565 570 Gly Trp Ala Val Thr Gly Val Ser
Ser Leu Thr Ser Lys Leu Ile 575 580 585 Arg Ser His Pro Thr Thr Ala
Pro Thr Glu Thr Asn Ile Pro Gln 590 595 600 Arg Pro Thr Pro Glu Gly
His Trp Glu Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Lys 605 610 615 Asp Thr Ala Glu Asp
Ser Ser Thr Ala Asp Arg Trp Asp Asp Glu 620 625 630 Asp Trp Gly Ser
Leu Glu Gln Glu Ala Glu Ser Val Leu Ala Gln 635 640 645 Gln Asp Asp
Trp Ser Thr Gly Gly Gln Val Ser Arg Ala Ser Gln 650 655 660 Val Ser
Asn Ser Asp His Lys Ser Ser Lys Ser Pro Glu Ser Asp 665 670 675 Trp
Ser Ser Trp Glu Ala Glu Gly Ser Trp Glu Gln Gly Trp Gln 680 685 690
Glu Pro Ser Ser Gln Glu Pro Pro Pro Asp Gly Thr Arg Leu Ala 695 700
705 Ser Glu Tyr Asn Trp Gly Gly Pro Glu Ser Ser Asp Lys Gly Asp 710
715 720 Pro Phe Ala Thr Leu Ser Ala Arg Pro Ser Thr Gln Pro Arg Pro
725 730 735 Asp Ser Trp Gly Glu Asp Asn Trp Glu Gly Leu Glu Thr Asp
Ser 740 745 750 Arg Gln Val Lys Ala Glu Leu Ala Arg Lys Lys Arg Glu
Glu Arg 755 760 765 Arg Arg Glu Met Glu Ala Lys Arg Ala Glu Arg Lys
Val Ala Lys 770 775 780 Gly Pro Met Lys Leu Gly Ala Arg Lys Leu Asp
785 790 15 1651 PRT Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No
7474496CD1 15 Met Ala Gly Gly Arg Gly Ala Pro Gly Arg Gly Arg Asp
Glu Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Glu Ser Tyr Pro Gln Arg Gln Asp His Glu Leu
Gln Ala Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Ile Tyr Gly Ala Asp Phe Gln Asp Leu
Arg Pro Asp Ala 35 40 45 Cys Gly Pro Val Lys Glu Pro Pro Glu Ile
Asn Leu Val Leu Tyr 50 55 60 Pro Gln Gly Leu Thr Gly Glu Glu Val
Tyr Val Lys Val Asp Leu 65 70 75 Arg Val Lys Cys Pro Pro Thr Tyr
Pro Asp Val Val Pro Glu Ile 80 85 90 Glu Leu Lys Asn Ala Lys Gly
Leu Ser Asn Glu Ser Val Asn Leu 95 100 105 Leu Lys Ser Arg Leu Glu
Glu Leu Ala Lys Lys His Cys Gly Glu 110 115 120 Val Met Ile Phe Glu
Leu Ala Tyr His Val Gln Ser Phe Leu Ser 125 130 135 Glu His Asn Lys
Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Phe His Glu Glu Met Leu 140 145 150 Glu Arg Arg
Ala Gln Glu Glu Gln Gln Arg Leu Leu Glu Ala Gln 155 160 165 Ala Glu
Arg Arg Arg Glu Gln Ala Gln Gln Arg Glu Ile Leu His 170 175 180 Glu
Ile Gln Arg Arg Lys Glu Glu Ile Lys Glu Glu Lys Lys Arg 185 190 195
Lys Glu Met Ala Lys Gln Glu Arg Leu Glu Ile Ala Ser Leu Ser 200 205
210 Asn Gln Asp His Thr Ser Lys Lys Asp Pro Gly Gly His Arg Thr 215
220 225 Ala Ala Ile Leu His Gly Gly Ser Pro Asp Phe Val Gly Asn Gly
230 235 240 Lys His Arg Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Arg Ser Arg Arg Glu Arg
Gln 245 250 255 Tyr Ser Val Cys Asn Ser Glu Asp Ser Pro Gly Ser Cys
Glu Ile 260 265 270 Leu Tyr Phe Asn Met Gly Ser Pro Asp Gln Leu Met
Val His Lys 275 280 285 Gly Lys Cys Ile Gly Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Gly
Lys Leu Val Tyr 290 295 300 Asn Ala Leu Glu Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly Phe
Val Leu Leu Tyr Glu 305 310 315 Trp Val Leu Gln Trp Gln Lys Lys Met
Gly Pro Phe Leu Thr Ser 320 325 330 Gln Glu Lys Glu Lys Ile Asp Lys
Cys Lys Lys Gln Ile Gln Gly 335 340 345 Thr Glu Thr Glu Phe Asn Ser
Leu Val Lys Leu Ser His Pro Asn 350 355 360 Val Val Arg Tyr Leu Ala
Met Asn Leu Lys Glu Gln Asp Asp Ser 365 370 375 Ile Val Val Asp Ile
Leu Val Glu His Ile Ser Gly Val Ser Leu 380 385 390 Ala Ala His Leu
Ser His Ser Gly Pro Ile Pro Val His Gln Leu 395 400 405 Arg Arg Tyr
Thr Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Asp Tyr Leu His 410 415 420 Ser Asn
Ser Val Val His Lys Val Leu Ser Ala Ser Asn Val Leu 425 430 435 Val
Asp Ala Glu Gly Thr Val Lys Ile Thr Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ser 440 445 450
Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Ile Cys Lys Glu Asp Val Phe Glu Gln Thr 455 460
465 Arg Val Arg Phe Ser Asp Asn Ala Leu Pro Tyr Lys Thr Gly Lys 470
475 480 Lys Gly Asp Val Trp Arg Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser
485 490 495 Gln Gly Gln Glu Cys Gly Glu Tyr Pro Val Thr Ile Pro Ser
Asp 500 505 510 Leu Pro Ala Asp Phe Gln Asp Phe Leu Lys Cys Val Cys
Leu Asp 515
520 525 Asp Lys Glu Arg Trp Ser Pro Gln Gln Leu Leu Lys His Ser Phe
530 535 540 Ile Asn Pro Gln Pro Lys Met Pro Leu Val Glu Gln Ser Pro
Glu 545 550 555 Asp Ser Glu Gly Gln Asp Tyr Val Glu Thr Val Ile Pro
Ser Asn 560 565 570 Arg Leu Pro Ser Ala Ala Phe Phe Ser Glu Thr Gln
Arg Gln Phe 575 580 585 Ser Arg Tyr Phe Ile Glu Phe Glu Glu Leu Gln
Leu Leu Gly Lys 590 595 600 Gly Ala Phe Gly Ala Val Ile Lys Val Gln
Asn Lys Leu Asp Gly 605 610 615 Cys Cys Tyr Ala Val Lys Arg Ile Pro
Ile Asn Pro Ala Ser Arg 620 625 630 Gln Phe Arg Arg Ile Lys Gly Glu
Val Thr Leu Leu Ser Arg Leu 635 640 645 His His Glu Asn Ile Val Arg
Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Trp Ile Glu Arg 650 655 660 His Glu Arg Pro Ala Gly
Pro Gly Thr Pro Pro Pro Asp Ser Gly 665 670 675 Pro Leu Ala Lys Asp
Asp Arg Ala Ala Arg Gly Gln Pro Ala Ser 680 685 690 Asp Thr Asp Gly
Leu Asp Ser Val Glu Ala Ala Ala Pro Pro Pro 695 700 705 Ile Leu Ser
Ser Ser Val Glu Trp Ser Thr Ser Gly Glu Arg Ser 710 715 720 Ala Ser
Ala Arg Phe Pro Ala Thr Gly Pro Gly Ser Ser Asp Asp 725 730 735 Glu
Asp Asp Asp Glu Asp Glu His Gly Gly Val Phe Ser Gln Ser 740 745 750
Phe Leu Pro Ala Ser Asp Ser Glu Ser Asp Ile Ile Phe Asp Asn 755 760
765 Glu Asp Glu Asn Ser Lys Ser Gln Asn Gln Asp Glu Asp Cys Asn 770
775 780 Glu Lys Asn Gly Cys His Glu Ser Glu Pro Ser Val Thr Thr Glu
785 790 795 Ala Val His Tyr Leu Tyr Ile Gln Met Glu Tyr Cys Glu Lys
Ser 800 805 810 Thr Leu Arg Asp Thr Ile Asp Gln Gly Leu Tyr Arg Asp
Thr Val 815 820 825 Arg Leu Trp Arg Leu Phe Arg Glu Ile Leu Asp Gly
Leu Ala Tyr 830 835 840 Ile His Glu Lys Gly Met Ile His Arg Asp Leu
Lys Pro Val Asn 845 850 855 Ile Phe Leu Asp Ser Asp Asp His Val Lys
Ile Gly Asp Phe Gly 860 865 870 Leu Ala Thr Asp His Leu Ala Phe Ser
Ala Asp Ser Lys Gln Asp 875 880 885 Asp Gln Thr Gly Asp Leu Ile Lys
Ser Asp Pro Ser Gly His Leu 890 895 900 Thr Gly Met Val Gly Thr Ala
Leu Tyr Val Ser Pro Glu Val Gln 905 910 915 Gly Ser Thr Lys Ser Ala
Tyr Asn Gln Lys Val Asp Leu Phe Ser 920 925 930 Leu Gly Ile Ile Phe
Phe Glu Met Ser Tyr His Pro Met Val Thr 935 940 945 Ala Ser Glu Arg
Ile Phe Val Leu Asn Gln Leu Arg Asp Pro Thr 950 955 960 Ser Pro Lys
Phe Pro Glu Asp Phe Asp Asp Gly Glu His Ala Lys 965 970 975 Gln Lys
Ser Val Ile Ser Trp Leu Leu Asn His Asp Pro Ala Lys 980 985 990 Arg
Pro Thr Ala Thr Glu Leu Leu Lys Ser Glu Leu Leu Pro Pro 995 1000
1005 Pro Gln Met Glu Glu Ser Glu Leu His Glu Val Leu His His Thr
1010 1015 1020 Leu Thr Asn Val Asp Gly Lys Ala Tyr Arg Thr Met Met
Ala Gln 1025 1030 1035 Ile Phe Ser Gln Arg Ile Ser Pro Ala Ile Asp
Tyr Thr Tyr Asp 1040 1045 1050 Ser Asp Ile Leu Lys Gly Asn Phe Ser
Ile Arg Thr Ala Lys Met 1055 1060 1065 Gln Gln His Val Cys Glu Thr
Ile Ile Arg Ile Phe Lys Arg His 1070 1075 1080 Gly Ala Val Gln Leu
Cys Thr Pro Leu Leu Leu Pro Arg Asn Arg 1085 1090 1095 Gln Ile Tyr
Glu His Asn Glu Ala Ala Leu Phe Met Asp His Ser 1100 1105 1110 Gly
Met Leu Val Met Leu Pro Phe Asp Leu Arg Ile Pro Phe Ala 1115 1120
1125 Arg Tyr Val Ala Arg Asn Asn Ile Leu Asn Leu Lys Arg Tyr Cys
1130 1135 1140 Ile Glu Arg Val Phe Arg Pro Arg Lys Leu Asp Arg Phe
His Pro 1145 1150 1155 Lys Glu Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Phe Asp Ile Val
Thr Ser Thr Thr 1160 1165 1170 Asn Ser Phe Leu Pro Thr Ala Glu Ile
Ile Tyr Thr Ile Tyr Glu 1175 1180 1185 Ile Ile Gln Glu Phe Pro Ala
Leu Gln Glu Arg Asn Tyr Ser Ile 1190 1195 1200 Tyr Leu Asn His Thr
Met Leu Leu Lys Ala Ile Leu Leu His Cys 1205 1210 1215 Gly Ile Pro
Glu Asp Lys Leu Ser Gln Val Tyr Ile Ile Leu Tyr 1220 1225 1230 Asp
Ala Val Thr Glu Lys Leu Thr Arg Arg Glu Val Glu Ala Lys 1235 1240
1245 Phe Cys Asn Leu Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn Ser Leu Cys Arg Leu Tyr
1250 1255 1260 Lys Phe Ile Glu Gln Lys Gly Asp Leu Gln Asp Leu Met
Pro Thr 1265 1270 1275 Ile Asn Ser Leu Ile Lys Gln Lys Thr Gly Ile
Ala Gln Leu Val 1280 1285 1290 Lys Tyr Gly Leu Lys Asp Leu Glu Glu
Val Val Gly Leu Leu Lys 1295 1300 1305 Lys Leu Gly Ile Lys Leu Gln
Val Leu Ile Asn Leu Gly Leu Val 1310 1315 1320 Tyr Lys Val Gln Gln
His Asn Gly Ile Ile Phe Gln Phe Val Ala 1325 1330 1335 Phe Ile Lys
Arg Arg Gln Arg Ala Val Pro Glu Ile Leu Ala Ala 1340 1345 1350 Gly
Gly Arg Tyr Asp Leu Leu Ile Pro Gln Phe Arg Gly Pro Gln 1355 1360
1365 Ala Leu Gly Pro Val Pro Thr Ala Ile Gly Val Ser Ile Ala Ile
1370 1375 1380 Asp Lys Ile Ser Ala Ala Val Leu Asn Met Glu Glu Ser
Val Thr 1385 1390 1395 Ile Ser Ser Cys Asp Leu Leu Val Val Ser Val
Gly Gln Met Ser 1400 1405 1410 Met Ser Arg Ala Ile Asn Leu Thr Gln
Lys Leu Trp Thr Ala Gly 1415 1420 1425 Ile Thr Ala Glu Ile Met Tyr
Asp Trp Ser Gln Ser Gln Glu Glu 1430 1435 1440 Leu Gln Glu Tyr Cys
Arg His His Glu Ile Thr Tyr Val Ala Leu 1445 1450 1455 Val Ser Asp
Lys Glu Gly Ser His Val Lys Val Lys Ser Phe Glu 1460 1465 1470 Lys
Glu Arg Gln Thr Glu Lys Arg Val Leu Glu Thr Glu Leu Val 1475 1480
1485 Asp His Val Leu Gln Lys Leu Arg Thr Lys Val Thr Asp Glu Arg
1490 1495 1500 Asn Gly Arg Glu Ala Ser Asp Asn Leu Ala Val Gln Asn
Leu Lys 1505 1510 1515 Gly Ser Phe Ser Asn Ala Ser Gly Leu Phe Glu
Ile His Gly Ala 1520 1525 1530 Thr Val Val Pro Ile Val Ser Val Leu
Ala Pro Glu Lys Leu Ser 1535 1540 1545 Ala Ser Thr Arg Arg Arg Tyr
Glu Thr Gln Val Gln Thr Arg Leu 1550 1555 1560 Gln Thr Ser Leu Ala
Asn Leu His Gln Lys Ser Ser Glu Ile Glu 1565 1570 1575 Ile Leu Ala
Val Asp Leu Pro Lys Glu Thr Ile Leu Gln Phe Leu 1580 1585 1590 Ser
Leu Glu Trp Asp Ala Asp Glu Gln Ala Phe Asn Thr Thr Val 1595 1600
1605 Lys Gln Leu Leu Ser Arg Leu Pro Lys Gln Arg Tyr Leu Lys Leu
1610 1615 1620 Val Cys Asp Glu Ile Tyr Asn Ile Lys Val Glu Lys Lys
Val Ser 1625 1630 1635 Val Leu Phe Leu Tyr Ser Tyr Arg Asp Asp Tyr
Tyr Arg Ile Leu 1640 1645 1650 Phe 16 752 PRT Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 1834248CD1 16 Met Ser Ser Arg Thr Val Leu
Ala Pro Gly Asn Asp Arg Asn Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Thr His Gly Thr Leu
Gly Ser Gly Arg Ser Ser Asp Lys Gly 20 25 30 Pro Ser Trp Ser Ser
Arg Ser Leu Gly Ala Arg Cys Arg Asn Ser 35 40 45 Ile Ala Ser Cys
Pro Glu Glu Gln Pro His Val Gly Asn Tyr Arg 50 55 60 Leu Leu Arg
Thr Ile Gly Lys Gly Asn Phe Ala Lys Val Lys Leu 65 70 75 Ala Arg
His Ile Leu Thr Gly Arg Glu Val Ala Ile Lys Ile Ile 80 85 90 Asp
Lys Thr Gln Leu Asn Pro Ser Ser Leu Gln Lys Leu Phe Arg 95 100 105
Glu Val Arg Ile Met Lys Gly Leu Asn His Pro Asn Ile Val Lys 110 115
120 Leu Phe Glu Val Ile Glu Thr Glu Lys Thr Leu Tyr Leu Val Met 125
130 135 Glu Tyr Ala Ser Ala Gly Glu Val Phe Asp Tyr Leu Val Ser His
140 145 150 Gly Arg Met Lys Glu Lys Glu Ala Arg Ala Lys Phe Arg Gln
Ile 155 160 165 Val Ser Ala Val His Tyr Cys His Gln Lys Asn Ile Val
His Arg 170 175 180 Asp Leu Lys Ala Glu Asn Leu Leu Leu Asp Ala Glu
Ala Asn Ile 185 190 195 Lys Ile Ala Asp Phe Gly Phe Ser Asn Glu Phe
Thr Leu Gly Ser 200 205 210 Lys Leu Asp Thr Phe Cys Gly Ser Pro Pro
Tyr Ala Ala Pro Glu 215 220 225 Leu Phe Gln Gly Lys Lys Tyr Asp Gly
Pro Glu Val Asp Ile Trp 230 235 240 Ser Leu Gly Val Ile Leu Tyr Thr
Leu Val Ser Gly Ser Leu Pro 245 250 255 Phe Asp Gly His Asn Leu Lys
Glu Leu Arg Glu Arg Val Leu Arg 260 265 270 Gly Lys Tyr Arg Val Pro
Phe Tyr Met Ser Thr Asp Cys Glu Ser 275 280 285 Ile Leu Arg Arg Phe
Leu Val Leu Asn Pro Ala Lys Arg Cys Thr 290 295 300 Leu Glu Gln Ile
Met Lys Asp Lys Trp Ile Asn Ile Gly Tyr Glu 305 310 315 Gly Glu Glu
Leu Lys Pro Tyr Thr Glu Pro Glu Glu Asp Phe Gly 320 325 330 Asp Thr
Lys Arg Ile Glu Val Met Val Gly Met Gly Tyr Thr Arg 335 340 345 Glu
Glu Ile Lys Glu Ser Leu Thr Ser Gln Lys Tyr Asn Glu Val 350 355 360
Thr Ala Thr Tyr Leu Leu Leu Gly Arg Lys Thr Glu Glu Gly Gly 365 370
375 Asp Arg Gly Ala Pro Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Arg Val Arg Ala Pro 380
385 390 Ser Asp Thr Thr Asn Gly Thr Ser Ser Ser Lys Gly Thr Ser His
395 400 405 Ser Lys Gly Gln Arg Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Tyr His Arg Gln
Arg 410 415 420 Arg His Ser Asp Phe Cys Gly Pro Ser Pro Ala Pro Leu
His Pro 425 430 435 Lys Arg Ser Pro Thr Ser Thr Gly Glu Ala Glu Leu
Lys Glu Glu 440 445 450 Arg Leu Pro Gly Arg Lys Ala Ser Cys Ser Thr
Ala Gly Ser Gly 455 460 465 Ser Arg Gly Leu Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Met
Val Ser Ser Ala His 470 475 480 Asn Pro Asn Lys Ala Glu Ile Pro Glu
Arg Arg Lys Asp Ser Thr 485 490 495 Ser Thr Pro Asn Asn Leu Pro Pro
Ser Met Met Thr Arg Arg Asn 500 505 510 Thr Tyr Val Cys Thr Glu Arg
Pro Gly Ala Glu Arg Pro Ser Leu 515 520 525 Leu Pro Asn Gly Lys Glu
Asn Ser Ser Gly Thr Pro Arg Val Pro 530 535 540 Pro Ala Ser Pro Ser
Ser His Ser Leu Ala Pro Pro Ser Gly Glu 545 550 555 Arg Ser Arg Leu
Ala Arg Gly Ser Thr Ile Arg Ser Thr Phe His 560 565 570 Gly Gly Gln
Val Arg Asp Arg Arg Ala Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 575 580 585 Gly Val
Gln Asn Gly Pro Pro Ala Ser Pro Thr Leu Ala His Glu 590 595 600 Ala
Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Gly Arg Pro Arg Pro Thr Thr Asn Leu 605 610 615
Phe Thr Lys Leu Thr Ser Lys Leu Thr Arg Arg Val Ala Asp Glu 620 625
630 Pro Glu Arg Ile Gly Gly Pro Glu Val Thr Ser Cys His Leu Pro 635
640 645 Trp Asp Gln Thr Glu Thr Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Arg Phe Pro Trp
650 655 660 Ser Val Lys Leu Thr Ser Ser Arg Pro Pro Glu Ala Leu Met
Ala 665 670 675 Ala Leu Arg Gln Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Arg Cys Arg Cys
Arg Gln 680 685 690 Pro Gln Pro Phe Leu Leu Ala Cys Leu His Gly Gly
Ala Gly Gly 695 700 705 Pro Glu Pro Leu Ser His Phe Glu Val Glu Val
Cys Gln Leu Pro 710 715 720 Arg Pro Gly Leu Arg Gly Val Leu Phe Arg
Arg Val Ala Gly Thr 725 730 735 Ala Leu Ala Phe Arg Thr Leu Val Thr
Arg Ile Ser Asn Asp Leu 740 745 750 Glu Leu 17 501 PRT Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 71584520CD1 17 Met Pro Phe Gly Cys Val
Thr Leu Gly Asp Lys Lys Asn Tyr Asn 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Ser Glu Val
Thr Asp Arg Tyr Asp Leu Gly Gln Val Ile 20 25 30 Lys Thr Glu Glu
Phe Cys Glu Ile Phe Arg Ala Lys Asp Lys Thr 35 40 45 Thr Gly Lys
Leu His Thr Cys Lys Lys Phe Gln Lys Arg Asp Gly 50 55 60 Arg Lys
Val Arg Lys Ala Ala Lys Asn Glu Ile Gly Ile Leu Lys 65 70 75 Met
Val Lys His Pro Asn Ile Leu Gln Leu Val Asp Val Phe Val 80 85 90
Thr Arg Lys Glu Tyr Phe Ile Phe Leu Glu Leu Ala Thr Gly Arg 95 100
105 Glu Val Phe Asp Trp Ile Leu Asp Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Glu Arg 110
115 120 Asp Thr Ser Asn Val Val Arg Gln Val Leu Glu Ala Val Ala Tyr
125 130 135 Leu His Ser Leu Lys Ile Val His Arg Asn Leu Lys Leu Glu
Asn 140 145 150 Leu Val Tyr Tyr Asn Arg Leu Lys Asn Ser Lys Ile Val
Ile Ser 155 160 165 Asp Phe His Leu Ala Lys Leu Glu Asn Gly Leu Ile
Lys Glu Pro 170 175 180 Cys Gly Thr Pro Glu Tyr Leu Ala Pro Glu Val
Val Gly Arg Gln 185 190 195 Arg Tyr Gly Arg Pro Val Asp Cys Trp Ala
Ile Gly Val Ile Met 200 205 210 Tyr Ile Leu Leu Ser Gly Asn Pro Pro
Phe Tyr Glu Glu Val Glu 215 220 225 Glu Asp Asp Tyr Glu Asn His Asp
Lys Asn Leu Phe Arg Lys Ile 230 235 240 Leu Ala Gly Asp Tyr Glu Phe
Asp Ser Pro Tyr Trp Asp Asp Ile 245 250 255 Ser Gln Ala Ala Lys Asp
Leu Val Thr Arg Leu Met Glu Val Glu 260 265 270 Gln Asp Gln Arg Ile
Thr Ala Glu Glu Ala Ile Ser His Glu Trp 275 280 285 Ile Ser Gly Asn
Ala Ala Ser Asp Lys Asn Ile Lys Asp Gly Val 290 295 300 Cys Ala Gln
Ile Glu Lys Asn Phe Ala Arg Ala Lys Trp Lys Lys 305 310 315 Ala Val
Arg Val Thr Thr Leu Met Lys Arg Leu Arg Ala Pro Glu 320 325 330 Gln
Ser Ser Thr Ala Ala Ala Gln Ser Ala Ser Ala Thr Asp Thr 335 340 345
Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Ser 350 355
360 Gly Ala Thr Ser Ala Pro Glu Gly Asp Ala Ala Arg Ala Ala Lys 365
370 375 Ser Asp Asn Val Ala Pro Ala Asp Arg Ser Ala Thr Pro Ala Thr
380 385 390 Asp Gly
Ser Ala Thr Pro Ala Thr Asp Gly Ser Val Thr Pro Ala 395 400 405 Thr
Asp Gly Ser Ile Thr Pro Ala Thr Asp Gly Ser Val Thr Pro 410 415 420
Ala Thr Asp Arg Ser Ala Thr Pro Ala Thr Asp Gly Arg Ala Thr 425 430
435 Pro Ala Thr Glu Glu Ser Thr Val Pro Thr Thr Gln Ser Ser Ala 440
445 450 Met Leu Ala Thr Lys Ala Ala Ala Thr Pro Glu Pro Ala Met Ala
455 460 465 Gln Pro Asp Ser Thr Ala Pro Glu Gly Ala Thr Gly Gln Ala
Pro 470 475 480 Pro Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Glu Ala Ala Gly Tyr Ala Gln
Glu Ser 485 490 495 Gln Arg Glu Glu Ala Ser 500 18 346 PRT Homo
sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 7475538CD1 18 Met Asp Gln Tyr Cys
Ile Leu Gly Arg Ile Gly Glu Gly Ala His 1 5 10 15 Gly Ile Val Phe
Lys Ala Lys His Val Glu Thr Gly Glu Ile Val 20 25 30 Ala Leu Lys
Lys Val Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Phe Pro 35 40 45 Asn Gln
Ala Leu Arg Glu Ile Lys Ala Leu Gln Glu Met Glu Asp 50 55 60 Asn
Gln Tyr Val Val Gln Leu Lys Ala Val Phe Pro His Gly Gly 65 70 75
Gly Phe Val Leu Ala Phe Glu Phe Met Leu Ser Asp Leu Ala Glu 80 85
90 Val Val Arg His Ala Gln Arg Pro Leu Ala Gln Ala Gln Val Lys 95
100 105 Ser Tyr Leu Gln Met Leu Leu Lys Gly Val Ala Phe Cys His Ala
110 115 120 Asn Asn Ile Val His Arg Asp Leu Lys Pro Ala Asn Leu Leu
Ile 125 130 135 Ser Ala Ser Gly Gln Leu Lys Ile Ala Asp Phe Gly Leu
Ala Arg 140 145 150 Val Phe Ser Pro Asp Gly Ser Arg Leu Tyr Thr His
Gln Val Ala 155 160 165 Thr Arg Trp Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Tyr
Gly Ala Arg Gln 170 175 180 Tyr Asp Gln Gly Val Asp Leu Trp Ser Val
Gly Cys Ile Met Gly 185 190 195 Glu Leu Leu Asn Gly Ser Pro Leu Phe
Pro Gly Lys Asn Asp Ile 200 205 210 Glu Gln Leu Cys Tyr Val Leu Arg
Ile Leu Gly Thr Pro Asn Pro 215 220 225 Gln Val Trp Pro Glu Leu Thr
Glu Leu Pro Asp Tyr Asn Lys Ile 230 235 240 Ser Phe Lys Glu Gln Val
Pro Met Pro Leu Glu Glu Val Leu Pro 245 250 255 Asp Val Ser Pro Gln
Ala Leu Asp Leu Leu Gly Gln Phe Leu Leu 260 265 270 Tyr Pro Pro His
Gln Arg Ile Ala Ala Ser Lys Ala Leu Leu His 275 280 285 Gln Tyr Phe
Phe Thr Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala His Pro Ser Glu Leu 290 295 300 Pro Ile
Pro Gln Arg Leu Gly Gly Pro Ala Pro Lys Ala His Pro 305 310 315 Gly
Pro Pro His Ile His Asp Phe His Val Asp Arg Pro Leu Glu 320 325 330
Glu Ser Leu Leu Asn Pro Glu Leu Ile Arg Pro Phe Ile Leu Glu 335 340
345 Gly 19 4224 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No
2890544CB1 19 ccggcggtag ccccggacgg cagcaggagg ccgaggcggg
agcgcgcggg gctgaggcgg 60 cggcggcggc ggcgggaagg ggctgggtgg
tggagcggga gggaggctga ggaggctccc 120 cctgcgggac gggcgcgggg
acggctccgg ggggcggggg ccggggcccg ggccggctcg 180 cgcggggggt
atgatgaccc ggctgcgggg ccccagatct cgtctcctcc gccgcctcct 240
cacggcagcc ccagctcgcg gctgagaacc agacacaccg gcggtatggc atcacagctg
300 caagtgtttt cgcccccatc agtgtcgtcg agtgccttct gcagtgcgaa
gaaactgaaa 360 atagagccct ctggctggga tgtttcagga cagagtagca
acgacaaata ttatacccac 420 agcaaaaccc tcccagccac acaagggcaa
gccaactcct ctcaccaggt agcaaatttc 480 aacatccctg cttacgacca
gggcctcctc ctcccagctc ctgcagtgga gcatattgtt 540 gtaacagccg
ctgatagctc gggcagtgct gctacatcaa ccttccaaag cagccagacc 600
ctgactcaca gaagcaacgt ttctttgctt gagccatatc aaaaatgtgg attgaaacga
660 aaaagtgagg aagttgacag caacggtagt gtgcagatca tagaagaaca
tccccctctc 720 atgctgcaaa acaggactgt ggtgggtgct gctgccacaa
ccaccactgt gaccacaaag 780 agtagcagtt ccagcggaga aggggattac
cagctggtcc agcatgagat cctttgctct 840 atgaccaata gctatgaagt
cttggagttc ctaggccggg ggacatttgg acaggtggct 900 aagtgctgga
agaggagcac caaggaaatt gtggctatta aaatcttgaa gaaccacccc 960
tcctatgcca gacaaggaca gattgaagtg agcatccttt cccgcctaag cagtgaaaat
1020 gctgatgagt ataatttggt ccgttcatac gagtgctttc agcataagaa
tcacacctgc 1080 cttgtttttg aaatgttgga gcagaactta tatgattttc
taaagcaaaa caaatttagc 1140 ccactgccac tcaagtacat cagaccaatc
ttgcagcagg tggccacagc cttgatgaag 1200 ctcaagagtc ttggtctgat
ccacgctgac cttaagcctg aaaacatcat gctggttgat 1260 ccagttcgcc
agccctaccg agtgaaggtc attgactttg gttctgctag tcacgtttcc 1320
aaagctgtgt gctcaaccta cttacagtca cgttactaca gagctcctga aattattctt
1380 gggttaccat tttgtgaagc tattgatatg tggtcactgg gctgtgtgat
agctgagctg 1440 ttcctgggat ggcctcttta tcctggtgct tcagaatatg
atcagattcg ttatatttca 1500 caaacacaag gcttgccagc tgaatatctt
ctcagtgccg gaacaaaaac aaccaggttt 1560 ttcaacagag atcctaattt
ggggtaccca ctgtggaggc ttaagacacc tgaagaacat 1620 gaactggaga
ctggaataaa atcaaaagaa gctcggaagt acatttttaa ttgcttagat 1680
gacatggctc aggtgaatat gtctacagac ctggagggaa cagacatgtt ggcagagaag
1740 gcagaccgaa gagaatacat tgatctgtta aagaaaatgc tcacaattga
tgcagataag 1800 agaattaccc ctctaaaaac tcttaaccat cagtttgtga
caatgactca ccttttggat 1860 tttccacata gcaatcatgt taagtcttgt
tttcagaaca tggagatctg caagcggagg 1920 gttcacatgt atgatacagt
gagtcagatc aagagtccct tcactacaca tgttgcccca 1980 aatacaagca
caaatctaac catgagcttc agcaatcagc tcaatacagt gcacaatcag 2040
gccagtgttc tagcttccag ttctactgca gcagctgcta ctctttctct ggctaattca
2100 gatgtctcac tactaaacta ccagtcagct ttgtacccat catctgctgc
accagttcct 2160 ggagttgccc agcagggtgt ttccttgcag cctggaacca
cccagatttg cactcagaca 2220 gatccattcc aacagacatt tatagtatgt
ccacctgcgt ttcaaactgg actacaagca 2280 acaacaaagc attctggatt
ccctgtgagg atggataatg ctgtaccgat tgtaccccag 2340 gcaccagctg
ctcagccact acagattcag tcaggagttc tcacgcaggg aagctgtaca 2400
ccactaatgg tagcaactct ccaccctcaa gtagccacca tcacaccgca gtatgcggtg
2460 ccctttactc tgagctgcgc agccggccgg ccggcgctgg ttgaacagac
tgccgctgta 2520 ctgcaggcgt ggcctggagg gactcagcaa attctcctgc
cttcaacttg gcaacagttg 2580 cctggggtag ctctacacaa ctctgtccag
cccacagcaa tgattccaga ggccatgggg 2640 agtggacagc agctagctga
ctggaggaat gcccactctc atggcaacca gtacagcact 2700 atcatgcagc
agccatcctt gctgactaac catgtgacat tggccactgc tcagcctctg 2760
aatgttggtg ttgcccatgt tgtcagacaa caacaatcca gttccctccc ttcgaagaag
2820 aataagcagt cagctccagt ctcttccaag tcctctctag atgttctgcc
ttcccaagtc 2880 tattctctgg ttgggagcag tcccctccgc accacatctt
cttataattc cttggtccct 2940 gtccaagatc agcatcagcc catcatcatt
ccagatactc ccagccctcc tgtgagtgtc 3000 atcactatcc gaagtgacac
tgatgaggaa gaggacaaca aatacaagcc cagtagctct 3060 ggactgaagc
caaggtctaa tgtcatcagt tatgtcactg tcaatgattc tccagactct 3120
gactcttctt tgagcagccc ttattccact gataccctga gtgctctccg aggcaatagt
3180 ggatccgttt tggaggggcc tggcagagtt gtggcagatg gcactggcac
ccgcactatc 3240 attgtgcctc cactgaaaac tcagcttggt gactgcactg
tagcaaccca ggcctcaggt 3300 ctcctgagca ataagactaa gccagtcgct
tcagtgagtg ggcagtcatc tggatgctgt 3360 atcaccccca cagggtatcg
agctcaacgc ggggggacca gtgcagcaca accactcaat 3420 cttagccaga
accagcagtc atcggcggct ccaacctcac aggagagaag cagcaaccca 3480
gccccccgca ggcagcaggc gtttgtggcc cctctctccc aagcccccta caccttccag
3540 catggcagcc cgctacactc gacagggcac ccacaccttg ccccggcccc
tgctcacctg 3600 ccaagccagg ctcatctgta tacgtatgct gccccgactt
ctgctgctgc actgggctca 3660 accagctcca ttgctcatct tttctcccca
cagggttcct caaggcatgc tgcagcctat 3720 accactcacc ctagcacttt
ggtgcaccag gtccctgtca gtgttgggcc cagcctcctc 3780 acttctgcca
gcgtggcccc tgctcagtac caacaccagt ttgccaccca atcctacatt 3840
gggtcttccc gaggctcaac aatttacact ggatacccgc tgagtcctac caagatcagc
3900 cagtattcct acttatagtt ggtgagcatg agggaggagg aatcatggct
accttctcct 3960 ggccctgcgt tcttaatatt gggctatgga gagatcctcc
tttaccctct tgaaatttct 4020 tagccagcaa cttgttctgc aggggcccac
tgaagcagaa ggtttttctc tgggggaacc 4080 tgtctcagtg ttgactgcat
tgttgtagtc ttctcaaagt tggccctatt tttaaatcca 4140 tatttttgtg
acgtcattcg gtactggaga gtcaatgcca tttctgcgtc cagcagaagt 4200
gctcgattcc ctgaatttgc cctg 4224 20 1736 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 7472693CB1 20 gcggcggcgg cgagagcgaa
agaggaaact gcagaggagg aagctgcgcc gcagcccgag 60 ccgcccggca
tccccgccgc ctctgcgccc gcgccgcgcc cccggcgccc cctccccagc 120
gcgcccccgg ccgctcctcc gcgccgcgct cgtcggccat ggcccgggag aacggcgaga
180 gcagctcctc ctggaaaaag caagctgaag acatcaagaa gatcttcgag
ttcaaagaga 240 ccctcggaac cggggccttt tccgaagtgg ttttagctga
agagaaggca actggcaagc 300 tctttgctgt gaagtgtatc cctaagaagg
cgctgaaggg caaggaaagc agcatagaga 360 atgagatagc cgtcctgaga
aagattaagc atgaaaatat tgttgccctg gaagacattt 420 atgaaagccc
aaatcacctg tacttggtca tgcagctggt gtccggtgga gagctgtttg 480
accggatagt ggagaagggg ttttatacag agaaggatgc cagcactctg atccgccaag
540 tcttggacgc cgtgtactat ctccacagaa tgggcatcgt ccacagagac
ctcaagcccg 600 aaaatctctt gtactacagt caagatgagg agtccaaaat
aatgatcagt gactttggat 660 tgtcaaaaat ggagggcaaa ggagatgtga
tgtccactgc ctgtggaact ccaggctatg 720 tcgctcctga agtcctcgcc
cagaaacctt acagcaaagc cgttgactgc tggtccatcg 780 gagtgattgc
ctacatcttg ctctgcggct accctccttt ttatgatgaa aatgactcca 840
agctctttga gcagatcctc aaggcggaat atgagtttga ctctccctac tgggatgaca
900 tctccgactc tgcaaaagac ttcattcgga acctgatgga gaaggacccg
aataaaagat 960 acacgtgtga gcaggcagct cggcacccat ggatcgctgg
tgacacagcc ctcaacaaaa 1020 acatccacga gtccgtcagc gcccagatcc
ggaaaaactt tgccaagagc aaatggagac 1080 aagcatttaa tgccacggcc
gtcgtgagac atatgagaaa actacacctc ggcagcagcc 1140 tggacagttc
aaatgcaagt gtttcgagca gcctcagttt ggccagccaa aaagactgtg 1200
cgtatgtagc aaaaccagaa tccctcagct gacactgaag acgagcctgg ggtggagagg
1260 agggagccgg catctgccga gcacctcctg tttgccaggc gctttctata
cttaatccca 1320 tgtcatgcga ccctaggact ttttttaaca tgtaatcact
gggccgggtg cagtggctca 1380 cgcctgtaat cccaacactt tgggaggctg
aggcaggagg actgtttgag ttcaggagtt 1440 ttaagaccag cctgaccaac
atggtgaaac cccatctcta ctaaaatata aaaattagcc 1500 gggtgtggtg
gcgagcacct gtaatgtcag ctacttggga ggctgaggca ggagaatcac 1560
ttgaacccag gaagcggagg ttgcaatgag ctgagatcac accactgcac tccagcctgg
1620 gtgacagatt gagactccct ctcaaaaaaa aaagggaaat cattgaacac
tcgtggaacc 1680 ctaggtattg catattccat ttacggtttg ggaatccagg
gctcaagtcc tcgcag 1736 21 1824 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte
ID No 3107952CB1 21 cacggcttcc ggtgtcatgg ctgcttgaag tcccgggagt
cggtgaggcg gctgcaggtc 60 cctccctgcg gagccgctgg tccggctggc
ggagatgtga ccgcgggccc ggccggcctg 120 cctcaggcgt cgcgtcagct
cccgtgtccg tgcccttaac ccacaccgat ggcgggatcc 180 ggctgcgcct
ggggcgcgga gccgccgcgt tttctggagg ccttcgggcg gctgtggcag 240
gtacagagcc gtctgggtag cggctcctcc gcctcggtgt atcgggttcg ctgctgcggc
300 aaccctggct cgccccccgg cgccctcaag cagttcttgc cgccaggaac
caccggggct 360 gcggcctctg ccgccgagta tggtttccgc aaagagaggg
cggcgctgga acagttgcag 420 ggtcacagaa acatcgtgac tttgtatgga
gtgtttacaa tccacttttc tccaaatgtg 480 ccatcacgct gtctgttgct
tgaactcctg gatgtcagtg tttcggaatt gctcttatat 540 tccagtcacc
agggttgttc catgtggatg atacagcatt gtgcccgaga tgttttggag 600
gcccttgctt ttcttcatca tgagggctat gtccatgcgg acctcaaacc acgtaacata
660 ttgtggagtg cagagaatga atgttttaaa ctcattgact ttggacttag
cttcaaagaa 720 ggcaatcagg atgtaaagta tattcagaca gacgggtatc
gggctccaga agcagaattg 780 caaaattgct tggcccaggc tggcctgcag
agtgatacag aatgtacctc agctgttgat 840 ctgtggagcc taggaatcat
tttactggaa atgttctcag gaatgaaact gaaacataca 900 gtcagatctc
aggaatggaa ggcaaacagt tctgctatta ttgatcacat atttgccagt 960
aaagcagtgg tgaatgccgc aattccagcc tatcacctaa gagaccttat caaaagcatg
1020 cttcatgatg atccaagcag aagaattcct gctgaaatgg cattgtgcag
cccattcttt 1080 agcattcctt ttgcccctca tattgaagat ctggtcatgc
ttcccactcc agtgctaaga 1140 ctgctgaatg tgctggatga tgattatctt
gagaatgaag aggaatatga agatgttgta 1200 gaagatgtaa aagaggagtg
tcaaaaatat ggaccagtgg tatctctact tgttccaaag 1260 ggaaatcctg
gcagaggaca agtctttgtt gagtatgcaa atgctggtga ttccaaagct 1320
gcgcagaaat tactgactgg aaggatgttt gatgggaagt ttgttgtggc tacattctac
1380 ccgctgagtg cctacaagag gggatatctg tatcaaacct tgctttaatc
agtaacctaa 1440 ggactgtttc ctttttctcc tcttccattt cttgggttat
tccacatatg aatgcaggac 1500 taccccctta ccattttaag aaggtacttt
atacatttat ttaatcctac taatgtgcag 1560 ccattgccca agcagtgact
gcgttgcata catttggcac tgagtaggac aagacctctc 1620 agctatacat
tgaggggttt tagagcatcc atgtgggcaa cccttttttg tgcgggagag 1680
caggtgttgc tcttcagtat gtagcctaaa aaaatcttaa ttatttcatg gatcatgaag
1740 caaggatgaa taatatcatg tcttggtaaa tactaacaaa tttgttaggt
ttggtgacat 1800 catttacagg ttatttcctt atgt 1824 22 2201 DNA Homo
sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 5544420CB1 22 atgaaccgat
acacaaccat gagacagttg ggggacggca cgtatgggag tgtgcttatg 60
ggcaagagta atgaatccgg ggagctggtg gccatcaaaa ggatgaagag aaagttctat
120 tcttgggatg aatgcatgaa cttgagagaa gttaagtctc tgaagaaact
taatcatgcc 180 aatgttatta aattgaaaga agttatcaga gaaaatgacc
atctttattt tatatttgaa 240 tatatgaaag aaaacctcta tcaattaatg
aaagacagga acaagttgtt ccctgaatca 300 gtcatcagaa atattatgta
tcaaatattg caagggctgg cttttatcca taaacatggt 360 ttttttcata
gggacatgaa accagaaaac ttgctttgta tgggtccaga gcttgtgaaa 420
attgctgatt ttggacttgc aagagaatta aggtcacagc caccatacac tgattatgta
480 tctaccagat ggtatcgtgc ccctgaagtt ttactgagat cttcagttta
tagttctccc 540 attgatgtgt gggctgttgg aagtatcatg gctgaactct
atatgttaag gccacttttc 600 ccagggacaa gtgaggtcga tgaaatcttt
aaaatttgcc aagttttagg gactcccaaa 660 aaaagtgact ggccagaagg
ataccagctg gcatcctcta tgaacttccg ttttccccag 720 tgtgttccta
taaacttaaa aactcttatt cccaatgcca gtaatgaagc tattcagctc 780
atgaccgaaa tgttgaattg ggatccaaag aaacgaccga cagcaagcca ggcattgaaa
840 cacccatatt ttcaagttgg tcaggtatta ggcccttcgt caaatcatct
ggaatcaaaa 900 cagtctttaa ataagcagct gcaaccatta gaatcaaagc
catctttagt tgaggtagag 960 cctaagcctc tgccggatat aatcgatcag
gttgttggac aaccccagcc aaaaactagc 1020 cagcagccac tgcagcccat
tcagccgcca cagaacctga gcgtccagca acctccaaag 1080 caacagagtc
aggagaaacc gccacaaacg ctattcccga gcatcgtcaa aaacatgcca 1140
actaagccaa atggcacact gagtcataaa agtggtagga ggcgttgggg tcagactatc
1200 ttcaagtctg gagatagctg ggaagagttg gaggactatg atttcggagc
ctcccattcc 1260 aagaagccaa gcatgggtgt ttttaaagaa aaaaggaaaa
aagattctcc atttcggctt 1320 ccagagccag taccctcagg ctccaaccac
tcgacagggg aaaacaagag cttacctgct 1380 gttacttccc taaaatctga
ttccgaattg tcaactgctc caacctctaa acagtactac 1440 ttgaaacaat
caagatatct tccaggtgtg aatcccaaga aggtgtcctt gatagccagt 1500
ggaaaggaaa taaaccccca cacttggagc aaccagttat tccccaagtc actgggaccc
1560 gttggggcag aacttgcttt caaaaggagc aatgcagaag aaaaacttgg
aagttatgct 1620 acttacaatc agtcaggata tattccttcc tttctcaaaa
aagaagtgca gtcagctggc 1680 cagaggatcc acttagcacc tctcaatgca
acggcttcag aatatacctg gaacacaaaa 1740 actggtcggg ggcagttttc
aggacgtact tataatccta cagcaaaaaa cctaaatatt 1800 gtgaaccgtg
cacagcccat tccctcagtg cacgggagga cagactgggt ggccaagtat 1860
ggaggccacc ggtaggagtc tatggtgtga aaccctacag cattgctccg tagagtacgt
1920 gcaagttcct tgaccctggg aaatgtctac aaatgtctat ttctactgag
ttctggaaga 1980 aatatgcaaa agtgggtact tggaagggca aaaatcatcc
cctattttac ttatttccaa 2040 gaaatgcatt ttcttagcat cattgcccac
agtgttgata tatgggtagg atgttacaaa 2100 gtattgaata aactatttgc
caaagtatga agtatttgat ctacaattta ataaatagta 2160 aatccaataa
gaacccttaa aaaaaaacaa cttccagaaa a 2201 23 2974 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 7472832CB1 23 gcgagatccc gcggatctag
aacccagtgt cccccggggc cccccggccg ggtcccgggt 60 gggctccagg
cggccggtcc ccggcctccc cccatggcca ccgccccctc ttatcccgcc 120
gggctccctg gctctcccgg gccggggtct cctccgcccc ccggcggcct agagctgcag
180 tcgccgccac cgctactgcc ccagatcccg gccccgggtt ccggggtctc
ctttcacatc 240 cagatcgggc tgacccgcga gttcgtgctg ttgcccgccg
cctccgagct ggctcatgtg 300 aagcagctgg cctgttccat cgtggaccag
aagttccctg agtgtggctt ctacggcctt 360 tacgacaaga tcctgctttt
caaacatgac cccacgtcgg ccaacctcct gcagctggtg 420 cgctcgtccg
gagacatcca ggagggcgac ctggtggagg tggtgctgtc ggcctcggcc 480
accttcgagg acttccagat ccgcccgcac gccctcacgg tgcactccta tcgggcgcct
540 gccttctgtg atcactgcgg ggagatgctc ttcggcctag tgcgccaggg
cctcaagtgc 600 gatggctgcg ggctgaacta ccacaagcgc tgtgccttca
gcatccccaa caactgtagt 660 ggggcccgca aacggcgcct gtcatccacg
tctctggcca gtggccactc ggtgcgcctc 720 ggcacctccg agtccctgcc
ctgcacggct gaagagctga gccgtagcac caccgaactc 780 ctgcctcgcc
gtcccccgtc atcctcttcc tcctcttctg cctcatcgta tacgggccgc 840
cccattgagc tggacaagat gctgctctcc aaggtcaagg tgccgcacac cttcctcatc
900 cacagctata cacggcccac cgtttgccag gcttgcaaga aactcctcaa
gggcctcttc 960 cggcagggcc tgcaatgcaa agactgcaag tttaactgtc
acaaacgctg cgccacccgc 1020 gtccctaatg actgcctggg ggaggccctt
atcaatggag atgtgccgat ggaggaggcc 1080 accgatttca gcgaggctga
caagagcgcc ctcatggatg agtcagagga ctccggtgtc 1140 atccctggct
cccactcaga gaatgcgctc cacgccagtg aggaggagga aggcgaggga 1200
ggcaaggccc agagctccct ggggtacatc cccctaatga gggtggtgca atcggtgcga
1260 cacacgacgc ggaaatccag caccacgctg cgggagggtt gggtggttca
ttacagcaac 1320 aaggacacgc tgagaaagcg gcactattgg cgcctggact
gcaagtgtat cacgctcttc 1380 cagaacaaca cgaccaacag atactataag
gaaattccgc tgtcagaaat cctcacggtg 1440 gagtccgccc agaacttcag
ccttgtgccg ccgggcacca acccacactg ctttgagatc 1500 gtcactgcca
atgccaccta cttcgtgggc gagatgcctg gcgggactcc gggtgggcca 1560
agtgggcagg gggctgaggc cgcccggggc tgggagacag ccatccgcca ggccctgatg
1620 cccgtcatcc ttcaggacgc acccagcgcc ccaggccacg
cgccccacag acaagcttct 1680 ctgagcatct ctgtgtccaa cagtcagatc
caagagaatg tggacattgc cactgtctac 1740 cagatcttcc ctgacgaagt
gctgggctca gggcagtttg gagtggtcta tggaggaaaa 1800 caccggaaga
caggccggga cgtggcagtt aaggtcattg acaaactgcg cttccctacc 1860
aagcaggaga gccagctccg gaatgaagtg gccattctgc agagcctgcg gcatcccggg
1920 atcgtgaacc tggagtgcat gttcgagacg cctgagaaag tgtttgtggt
gatggagaag 1980 ctgcatgggg acatgttgga gatgatcctg tccagtgaga
agggccggct gcctgagcgc 2040 ctcaccaagt tcctcatcac ccagatcctg
gtggctttga gacaccttca cttcaagaac 2100 attgtccact gtgacttgaa
accagaaaac gtgttgctgg catcagcaga cccatttcct 2160 caggtgaagc
tgtgtgactt tggctttgct cgcatcatcg gcgagaagtc gttccgccgc 2220
tcagtggtgg gcacgccggc ctacctggca cccgaggtgc tgctcaacca gggctacaac
2280 cgctcgctgg acatgtggtc agtgggcgtg atcatgtacg tcagcctcag
cggcaccttc 2340 cctttcaacg aggatgagga catcaatgac cagatccaga
acgccgcctt catgtacccg 2400 gccagcccct ggagccacat ctcagctgga
gccattgacc tcatcaacaa cctgctgcag 2460 gtgaagatgc gcaaacgcta
cagcgtggac aaatctctca gccacccctg gttacaggag 2520 taccagacgt
ggctggacct ccgagagctg gaggggaaga tgggagagcg atacatcacg 2580
catgagagtg acgacgcgcg ctgggagcag tttgcagcag agcatccgct gcctgggtct
2640 gggctgccca cggacaggga tctcggtggg gcctgtccac cacaggacca
cgacatgcag 2700 gggctggcgg agcgcatcag tgttctctga ggtcctgtgc
cctcgtccag ctgctgccct 2760 ccacagcggt tcttcacagg atcccagcaa
tgaactgttc tagggaaagt ggcttcctgc 2820 ccaaactgga tgggacacgt
ggggagtggg gtggggggag ctatttccaa ggcccctccc 2880 tgtttcccca
gcaattaaaa cggactcatc tctgccccat ggccttgatc tcaaaaaaaa 2940
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaccg cggtcgcaag ctta 2974 24 3648 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 1551456CB1 24 gggtacgagc cggatcacta
ttacggcgca gtgtgctgga aagtgctcca agagatctta 60 agctggaggc
accaggtctg aattccagac tcctccccac cacccacact tcacctccaa 120
ctggagcatg accacagacc cattcaggga ggctggcgga ctcttcatcc tggacagtcc
180 cttactgtat gtcaaagctg agaatgaagc ggagagcatc agacagagga
gctggggaaa 240 cgtcggccag ggccaaggct ctaggaagtg ggatttctgg
aaataatgca aagagagctg 300 gaccattcat ccttggtccc cgtctgggca
actcaccggt gccaagcata gtgcagtgtt 360 tggcgaggaa agatggcacg
gatgacttct atcagctgaa gatcctgacc ctggaggaga 420 ggggggacca
aggcatagag agccaggaag agcggcaggg caagatgctg ctgcacaccg 480
agtactcact gctgtctctc ctgcacacgc aggatggcgt ggtgcaccac cacggcctct
540 tccaggaccg cacctgtgaa atcgttgagg acacagaatc cagccggatg
gttaagaaga 600 tgaagaagcg catctgcctc gtcctggact gcctctgtgc
tcatgacttc agcgataaga 660 ccgctgacct catcaacctg cagcactacg
tcatcaagga gaagaggctc agcgagaggg 720 agactgtggt aatcttctac
gacgtggtcc gcgtggtgga ggccctgcac cagaaaaata 780 tcgtgcacag
agacctgaag ctggggaaca tggtgctcaa caagaggaca catcggataa 840
ccatcaccaa cttctgcctc gggaagcatc tggtgagcga gggggacctg ctgaaggacc
900 agagagggag ccctgcctac atcagtcccg acgtgctcag cggccggccg
taccgtggca 960 agcccagtga catgtgggcc ctgggcgtgg tgctcttcac
catgctgtat ggccagttcc 1020 ccttctacga cagcatcccg caggagctct
tccgcaagat caaggctgcc gagtatacca 1080 ttcctgagga tggacgggtt
tctgagaaca ccgtgtgtct catccggaag ctgctggtcc 1140 ttgaccccca
gcagcgcctg gccgccgccg acgtcctgga ggccctcagt gccatcattg 1200
catcatggca gtccctgtca tctctgagtg ggcctttgca agtggttcct gacattgatg
1260 accaaatgag caatgcggat agctcccagg aggcgaaggt gacggaggag
tgctcccagt 1320 acgagtttga gaactacatg cgtcagcagc tgctgctggc
cgaggagaag agctccatcc 1380 atgacgcccg gagctgggta cccaagcggc
agttcggcag cgcaccaccg gtgcgacggc 1440 tgggccacga cgcacagccc
atgacctcct tggacacggc catcctggcg cagcgctacc 1500 tgcggaaata
acagcctcag ccggggccac cagcactgct gccacttctt ccagccccag 1560
ccaaaggcgt ggctgtcagg gctgggccct gtagtgctgg actctcccgg gccacaatag
1620 ggacagggca gggacaggga cagcccaggt cacacgtggg gtcagcagag
gtaccacgaa 1680 gctacctttt gggatgattg ctcgattgtt tggtttttaa
atctgagaag cctagataac 1740 taatctgctt ttaatcacga tgttttaatc
tacctctgtc tctttaacca tgctgtctct 1800 ggactgagca agagggagga
gggagcctgc tcaccccact ccagggcctt ccccagcggc 1860 caccaactga
cctggggcgc tgctccccac agtccaaata agctgaaagt gcagctcgct 1920
gcaggcccca gagcgagctt cccctcctcc ctgctctccc aggcccctgc cacagcctct
1980 ttccgtccct ctctttctga tccaggcccc tcagtccaag ctttggaaaa
ccttcacctc 2040 atcttaaacc gaactcaaat atatttattt ttttaccata
ccaacttctc tcccatctct 2100 aggtggctca gtccatggcc actccctgcc
cccagcctgg ctggacagca aggaatccac 2160 agcccacacg tgagctccct
cctcaccccc aggcagggaa gcccctcctg ccagtccctg 2220 tcccctttca
gcccaccagt ccctctctgc tgccggtgat gggaggcctt tctagacctg 2280
gctctttctc tcccgtctca gtggcttctc tgaggtgctg tacacgcgcg ttaacctgtt
2340 cccttctcta tccttccccg tggtactgag ctcacgtgga ctcccagtgc
gaaggggccc 2400 atgggttggg ctgcaggcct ggccgtgagc gggggctgcc
tgcacgctcc cctagcctac 2460 tcttgtgttt aggggatggt gggaacatat
cccagtgccc ttgcctcata atagatgtgg 2520 tgactctccc ggtagaccct
agcaagggtc ctccatggtg gtgagggact caggagaatt 2580 gtagggattg
ggggaccctg cctgcctggc ttgagaacag ccctgctgcc cttttgagcc 2640
gagattttga agtggatgcc cgtcttgcca gaaatgctgt tctcaccaga atgccccctc
2700 cccttgccct tactggactt ggccctgcct gatgccaagc aaagaccctt
ccccagaggc 2760 ctacccccca tatgtcctca gagaggctga gtgtcccctc
caggcagtca tgggccctga 2820 ggcccctcct gcctggccct gctccccagt
ggggaggtga ctgtgtttcc cagagtgtga 2880 gccgctctcc tccccctaaa
aagctgactc actgtgagtg accttgggca agttcccaaa 2940 cctccttgtg
cctcagtttc cccatctgga aaaaatgggg ccacctcttg ccagcagtag 3000
cagggctgcc cacgcccctt tctccccatg ccccatccag cacttgggcg actcatgcct
3060 ctgcctcagt gggcctgtgg gagcctactg gagcccagca cttactcccc
ctgagcagcg 3120 agcctgcgtc tgtctcagct gtccagcgct gagggccagg
gtcttgtgct gtggggctgg 3180 gggatgccct cttttctata tttatttcat
agaaagtctc ctgcgggagc ggaaatgcag 3240 tccggcctag ggctcccagc
ccttgactgt cctcctgtga gggcctgaag ctgggccagg 3300 gcccgtcgca
gcggagcccc ctctcagcag cccaccgggt ccctccaggc tgctgcccgt 3360
gcgtggtctt tctcctcctt ttcaaagcaa tagccgccgg gtctgcaaag ccctgtcaga
3420 cagactgggc ccttccaagg tcaagccatg tgtctgatga cattcctggt
gaagcaaagg 3480 agaggaggat gggtcagccc tcactgggtg tcacacactg
agagaagtcc tattgtaaag 3540 aaacggaaaa agtcacaaaa aagtttgtat
aaagacatat ttttgtacta catggggact 3600 cttcctgcat gtcagcaata
aaacttcctg atctggaaaa aaaaaaaa 3648 25 4719 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 2589355CB1 25 gcggagcggc cgtcgcccaa
gccaagccgc gctgccaacc ctcccgcccg cccgcgctcc 60 tgtccgccgt
gtctagcagc ggggcccagc atggtcatgg cggatggccc gaggcacttg 120
cagcgcgggc cggtccgggt ggggttctac gacatcgagg gcacgctggg caagtggcaa
180 cttcgctgtg gtgaagctgg ggcggcaccg gatcaccaag acggaggtgg
caataaaaat 240 aatcgataag tctcagccgt ggatgcatgt gaaccttgag
aaaatctacc gagaagtaca 300 aataatgaaa atgttagacc accctcacat
aatcaaactt tatcaggtaa tggagaccaa 360 aagtatgttg taccttgtga
cagaatatgc caaaaatgga gaaatttttg actatcttgc 420 taatcatggc
cggttaaatg agtctgaagc caggcgaaaa ttctggcaaa tcctgtctgc 480
tgttgattat tgtcatggtc ggaagattgt gcaccgtgac ctcaaagctg aaaatctcct
540 gctggataac aacatgaata tcaaaatagc agatttcggt tttggaaatt
tctttaaaag 600 tggtgaactg ctggcaacat ggtgtggcag ccccccttat
gcagccccag aagtctttga 660 agggcagcag tatgaaggac cacagctgga
catctggagt atgggagttg ttctttatgt 720 ccttgtctgt ggagctctgc
cctttgatgg accgactctt ccaattttga ggcagagggt 780 tctggaagga
agattccgga ttccgtattt catgtcagaa gattgcgagc accttatccg 840
aaggatgttg gtcctagacc catccaaacg gctaaccata gcccaaatca aggagcataa
900 atggatgctc atagaagttc ctgtccagag acctgttctc tatccacaag
agcaagaaaa 960 tgagccatcc atcggagagt ttaatgagca ggttctgcga
ctgatgcaca gccttggaat 1020 agatcagcag aaaaccattg agtctttgca
gaacaagagc tataaccact ttgctgccat 1080 ttatttcttg ttggtggagc
gcctgaaatc acatcggagc agtttcccag tggagcagag 1140 acttgatggc
cgccagcgtc ggcctagcac cattgctgag caaacagttg ccaaggcaca 1200
gactgtgggg ctcccagtga ccatgcattc accgaacatg aggctgctgc gatctgccct
1260 cctcccccag gcatccaacg tggaggcctt ttcatttcca gcatctggct
gtcaggcgga 1320 agctgcattc atggaagaag agtgtgtgga cactccaaag
gtcaatggct gtctgcttga 1380 ccctgtgcct cctgtcctgg tgcggaaggg
atgccagtca ctgcccagca acatgatgga 1440 gacctccatt gacgaagggc
tggagacaga aggagaggcc gaggaagacc ccgctcatgc 1500 ctttgaggca
tttcagtcca cacgcagcgg gcagagacgg cacactctgt cagaagtgac 1560
caatcaactg gtcgtgatgc ctggggcagg gaaaattttc tccatgaatg acagcccctc
1620 ccttgacagt gtggactctg agtatgatat ggggtctgtt cagagggacc
tgaactttct 1680 ggaagacaac ccttccctta aggacatcat gttagccaat
cagccttcac cccgcatgac 1740 atctcccttc ataagcctga gacctaccaa
cccagccatg caggctctga gctcccagaa 1800 acgagaggtc cacaacaggt
ctccagtgag cttcagagag ggccgcagag catcagatac 1860 ctccctcacc
cagggaattg tagcatttag acaacatctt cagaatctgg ctagaaccaa 1920
aggaattcta gagttgaaca aagtgcagtt gttgtatgaa caaataggac cggaggcaga
1980 ccctaacctg gcgccggcgg ctcctcagct ccaggacctt gctagcagct
gccctcagga 2040 agaagtttct cagcagcagg aaagcgtctc cactctccct
gccagcgtgc atccccagct 2100 gtccccacgg cagagcctgg agacccagta
cctgcagcac agactccaga agcccagcct 2160 tctgtcaaag gcccagaaca
cctgtcagct ttattgcaaa gaaccaccgc ggagccttga 2220 gcagcagctg
caggaacata ggctccagca gaagcgactc tttcttcaga agcagtctca 2280
actgcaggcc tattttaatc agatgcagat agcagagagc tcctacccac agccaagtca
2340 gcagctgccc cttccccgcc aggagactcc accgccttct cagcaggccc
caccgttcag 2400 cctgacccag cccctgagcc ccgtcctgga gccttcctcc
gagcagatgc aatacagccc 2460 tttcctcagc cagtaccaag agatgcagct
tcagcccctg ccctccactt ccggtccccg 2520 ggctgctcct cctctgccca
cgcagctaca gcagcagcag ccgccaccgc caccaccccc 2580 tccaccacca
cgacagccag gagctgcccc agccccctta cagttctcct atcagacttg 2640
tgagctgcca agcgctgctt cccctgcgcc agactatccc actccctgtc agtatcctgt
2700 ggatggagcc cagcagagcg acctaacggg gccagactgt cccagaagcc
caggactgca 2760 agaggccccc tccagctacg acccactagc cctctctgag
ctacctggac tctttgattg 2820 tgaaatgcta gacgctgtgg atccacaaca
caacgggtat gtcctggtga attagtctca 2880 gcacaggaat tgaggtgggt
caggtgaagg aagagtgtat gttcctattt ttattccagc 2940 cttttaaatt
taaagcttat tttcttgccc tctccctaac ggggagaaat cgagccaccc 3000
aactggaatc agagggtctg gctggggtgg atgttgcttc ctcctggttc tgccccacca
3060 caaagttttc tgtggcaagt gctggaacat agttgtaggc tgaggctcct
gcccttcggt 3120 cgagtggagc aagctctcga gggcagcact gacaaatgtg
ttcctaagaa gacattcaga 3180 cccaggtctt atgcaggatt acatccgttt
attatcaagg gcaaccttgg tgaaagcaga 3240 aagggtgtgt gctattgcat
atatatgggg gaaaaggcaa tatatttttc actgaagctg 3300 agcaaccaca
tattgctaca aggcaaatca agaagacatc aggaaatcag atgcacagga 3360
aataaaggaa agctgtgctt tgtcattgaa tcctaagttc ttagctgctg atgcaagttg
3420 tcccccaagg ccatcacaaa gcagtggggc atgagctgtg tttcaggggc
cactaaataa 3480 cagctggtac tgaccccaga aaccgccttc atctccattc
ggaagcaggt gacacacccc 3540 ttcagaaggt gccctgggtt gccgagtgtc
agaatatact caggactcca gaggtgtcac 3600 acgtggaact gacaggagac
ccgccaccgt ggaggcaggg ggcaagaaac tcaagaacgc 3660 atcaagagca
ccagccctgg gccagggaag acaggctctt cctgcagttt ctcgtggaca 3720
ctgctggctt gcgggcagtc ggtctccagg gtacctgttg tctcttttcc gatgtaataa
3780 ctactttgac cttacactat atgttgctag tagtttattg agctttgtat
atttggacag 3840 tttcatatag ggcttagaga ttttaaggac atgataaatg
aacttttctg tcccatgtga 3900 agtggtagtg cggtgccttt cccccagatc
atgctttaat tctttctttt ctgtagaaac 3960 caacagtttc catttatgtc
aatgctaaat ccaaagtcac ttcagagttt gttttccacc 4020 atgtgggaat
cagcattctt aatttcgtta aagttttgac ttgtaatgaa atgttcaagt 4080
attacagcaa tattcaaaga aagaaccaca gatgtgttaa ccatttaagc agatcatctg
4140 ccaaacatta tattactaat aaaacttaac caacacttac aattcagtca
tcaaagtaag 4200 taaaaattag atgctacagc tagctaactg tatccctaga
aatgatgaat aatttgccat 4260 ttggacagtt aacatccagg tgttacaaag
tcagtgttaa ttctaaagat gatcatttct 4320 gccctttaga atggcttgtc
ccatcagcag atgaatgtgt taagcacaaa gcatcttcct 4380 taaagcacaa
agagagggac taactgatgc tgcatctaga aaacaccttt aagttgcctt 4440
tcctctttgt agttagcgtt caggcaggtg acgtgtggaa agtctagggg gttccattct
4500 ggccatgcga gcccagctcc taccaacgtc ggtaacttga gcagtccctg
ttgctggcca 4560 gagactgcct ggtcgccagc gctcaacatg ggtgccagga
tgcttcgcag aggcactgtg 4620 ctcacggttg gacttggtgt cagtgggaaa
gggcagtgtg gggactgtca tttttgtgat 4680 ttataacaca cgtgaaaatc
aggaagaatg aataagctt 4719 26 1651 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 4357117CB1 26 atgaggattg tttgtttagt gaaaaaccaa
cagcccctgg gagccaccat caagcgccac 60 gagatgacag gggacatctt
ggtggccagg atcatccacg gtgggctggc ggagagaagt 120 ggtttgctat
atgctggaga caaactggta gaagtgaatg gagtttcagt tgagggactg 180
gaccctgaac aagtgatcca tattctggcc atgtctcgag gcacaatcat gttcaaggtg
240 gttccagtct ctgaccctcc tgtgaatagc cagcagatgg tatacgtccg
tgccatgact 300 gagtactggc cccaggagga tcccgacatc ccctgcatgg
acgctggatt gcctttccag 360 aagggggaca tcctccagat tgtggaccag
aatgatgccc tctggtggca ggcccgaaaa 420 atctcagacc ctgctacctg
cgctgggctt gtcccttcta accaccttct gaagaggaag 480 caacgggaat
tctggtggtc tcagccgtac cagcctcaca cctgcctcaa gtcaacctca 540
gacaaggagg agtttgttgg ctacggtcag aagttcttta taggtaggtt cagcccgctg
600 catgccagtg tgtgctgcac cggcagctgc tacagtgcag tgggtgcccc
ttacgaggag 660 gtggtgaggt accagcgacg cccttcagac aagtaccgcc
tcatagtgct cataggaccc 720 tctggtgttg gagtaaatga gctcagaaga
caacttattg aatttaatcc cagccatttt 780 caaagtgctg tgccacacac
tactcgtact aaaaagagtt acgaaatgaa tgggcgtgag 840 tatcactatg
tgtccaagga aacatttgaa aacctcatat atagtcacag gatgctggag 900
tatggtgagt acaaaggcca cctgtatggc actagtgtgg atgctgttca aacagtcctt
960 gtcgaaggaa agatctgtgt catggaccta gagcctcagg atattcaagg
ggttcgaacc 1020 catgaactga agccctatgt catatttata aagccatcga
atatgaggtg tatgaaacaa 1080 tctcggaaaa atgccaaggt tattactgac
tactatgtgg acatgaagtt caaggatgaa 1140 gacctacaag agatggaaaa
tttagcccaa agaatggaaa ctcagtttgg ccaatttttt 1200 gatcatgtga
ttgtgaatga cagcttgcac gatgcatgtg cccagttgtt gtctgccata 1260
cagaaggctc aggaggagcc tcagtgggta ccagcaacat ggatttcctc agatactgag
1320 tctcaatgag acttcttgtt taatgctgga gttttaacac tgtacccttg
atacagcgat 1380 ccatagttgc aatctaaaac aacagtattt gacccatttt
aatgtgtaca actttaaaag 1440 tgcagcaatt tattaattaa tcttatttga
aaaaaatttt tattgtatgg ttatgtggtt 1500 acctatttta acttaatttt
ttttccttta cctcatatgc agctgtggta gaaatatgaa 1560 taatgttaag
tcactgagta tgagaacctt tcgcagattt cacatgatct ttttaagatt 1620
taaataaaga gctttcctaa ataaaaaaaa a 1651 27 3141 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 5511992CB1 27 atggagccct ccagagcgct
tctcggctgc ctagcgagcg ccgccgctgc cgccccgccg 60 ggggaggatg
gagcaggggc cggggccgag gaggaggagg aggaggagga ggaggcggcg 120
gcggcggtgg gccccgggga gctgggctgc gacgcgccgc tgccctactg gacggccgtg
180 ttcgagtacg aggcggcggg cgaggacgag ctgaccctgc ggctgggcga
cgtggtggag 240 gtgctgtcca aggactcgca ggtgtccggc gacgagggct
ggtggaccgg gcagctgaac 300 cagcgggtgg gcatcttccc cagcaactac
gtgaccccgc gcagcgcctt ctccagccgc 360 tgccagcccg gcggcgagga
agaaattgat tttgcggagc tcaccttgga agagattatt 420 ggcatcgggg
gctttgggaa ggtctatcgt gctttctgga taggggatga ggttgctgtg 480
aaagcagctc gccacgaccc tgatgaggac atcagccaga ccatagagaa tgttcgccaa
540 gaggccaagc tcttcgccat gctgaagcac cccaacatca ttgccctaag
aggggtatgt 600 ctgaaggagc ccaacctctg cttggtcatg gagtttgctc
gtggaggacc tttgaataga 660 gtgttatctg ggaaaaggat tcccccagac
atcctggtga attgggctgt gcagattgcc 720 agagggatga actacttact
tgatgaggca attgttccca tcatccaccg cgaccttaag 780 tccagcaaca
tattgatcct ccagaaggtg gagaatggag acctgagcaa caagattctg 840
aagatcactg attttggcct ggctcgggaa tggcaccgaa ccaccaagat gagtgcggca
900 gggacgtatg cttggatggc acccgaagtc atccgggcct ccatgttttc
caaaggcagt 960 gatgtgtgga gctatggggt gctactttgg gagttgctga
ctggtgaggt gccctttcga 1020 ggcattgatg gcttagcagt cgcttatgga
gtggccatga acaaactcgc ccttcctatt 1080 ccttctacgt gcccagaacc
ttttgccaaa ctcatggaag actgctggaa tcctgatccc 1140 cactcacgac
catctttcac gaatatcctg gaccagctaa ccaccataga ggagtctggt 1200
ttctttgaaa tgcccaagga ctccttccac tgcctgcagg acaactggaa acacgagatt
1260 caggagatgt ttgaccaact cagggccaaa gaaaaggaac ttcgcacctg
ggaggaggag 1320 ctgacgcggg ctgcactgca gcagaagaac caggaggaac
tgctgcggcg tcgggagcag 1380 gagctggccg agcgggagat tgacatcctg
gaacgggagc tcaacatcat catccaccag 1440 ctgtgccagg agaagccccg
ggtgaagaaa cgcaagggca agttcaggaa gagccggctg 1500 aagctcaagg
atggcaaccg catcagcctc ccttctggtt tccagcacaa gttcacggtg 1560
caggcctccc ctaccatgga taaaaggaag agtcttatca acagccgctc cagtcctcct
1620 gcaagcccca ccatcattcc tcgccttcga gccatccagt gtgagactgt
tagcaaaacc 1680 tggggcagga gctcagtcgt cccaaaggag gaaggggagg
aggaggagaa gagggcccca 1740 aagaagaagg gacggacgtg ggggccaggg
acgcttggtc agaaggagct tgcctcggga 1800 gatgaaagcc tcaagtccct
ggtagatgga tataagcagt ggtcgtccag tgcccccaac 1860 ctggtgaagg
gcccaaggag tagcccggcc ctgccagggt tcaccagcct tatggagatg 1920
ggtaagttca cagaggatga ggacagtgaa ggcccaggga gtggagagag tcgcctacag
1980 cattcaccca gccagtccta cctctgtatc ccattccctc gtggagagga
tggcgatggc 2040 ccctccagtg atggaatcca tgaggagccc accccagtca
actcggccac gagtacccct 2100 cagctgacgc caaccaacag cctcaagcgg
ggcggtgccc accaccgccg ctgcgaggtg 2160 gctctgctcg gctgtggggc
tgttctggca gccacaggcc tagggtttga cttgctggaa 2220 gctggcaagt
gccagctgct tcccctggag gagcctgagc caccagcccg ggaggagaag 2280
aaaagacggg agggtctttt tcagaggtcc agccgtcctc gtcggagcac cagcccccca
2340 tcccgaaagc ttttcaagaa ggaggagccc atgctgttgc taggagaccc
ctctgcctcc 2400 ctgacgctgc tctccctctc ctccatctcc gagtgcaact
ccacacgctc cctgctgcgc 2460 tccgacagcg atgaaattgt cgtgtatgag
atgccagtca gcccagtcga ggcccctccc 2520 ctgagtccat gtacccacaa
ccccctggtc aatgtccgag tagagcgctt caaacgagat 2580 cctaaccaat
ctctgactcc cacccatgtc accctcacca ccccctcgca gcccagcagt 2640
caccggcgga ctccttctga tggggccctt cccagtccca gccgagaccc aggtgaattc
2700 ccccgtctcc ctgaccccaa tgtggtcttc cccccaaccc caaggcgctg
gaacactcag 2760 caggactcta ccttggagag acccaagact ctggagtttc
tgcctcggcc gcgtccttct 2820 gccaaccggc aacggctgga cccttggtgg
tttgtgtccc ccagccatgc ccgcagcacc 2880 tccccagcca acagctccag
cacagagacg cccagcaacc tggactcctg ctttgctagc 2940 agtagcagca
ctgtagagga gcggcctgga cttccagccc tgctcccgtt ccaggcaggg 3000
ccgctgcccc cgactgagcg gacgctcctg gacctggatg cagaggggca gagtcaggac
3060 agcaccgtgc cgctgtgcag agcggaactg aacacacaca ggcctgcccc
ttatgagatc 3120 cagcaggagt tctggtctta g 3141 28 1244 DNA Homo
sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 7474560CB1 28 gtcttattgc
caagataatt acaactggag aattggcccc acaggaaaca acaattacag 60
agataaaaca aaaattgatg caaatacctg atgaagaggg cattgttatt gatggatttc
120 caagagatgt tgcccaggct ctatcttttg aggaccaaat
ctgtaccccc gatttggtgg 180 tattcctggc ttgtgctaat cagagactca
aagaaagatt actgaagcgt gcagaacagc 240 agggccgacc agacgacaat
gtaaaagcta cccaaaggag actaatgaac ttcaagcaga 300 atgctgctcc
attggttaaa tacttccagg aaaaggggct catcatgaca tttgatgccg 360
accgcgatga ggatgaggtg ttctatgaca tcagcatggc agttgacaac aagttatttc
420 caaacaaaga ggctgcagca ggttcaagtg accttgatcc ttcgatgata
ttggacactg 480 gagagatcat tgatacagga tctgattatg aagatcaggg
tgatgaccag ttaaatgtat 540 ttggagagga cactatggga ggtttcatgg
aagatttgag aaagtgtaaa attattttca 600 taattggtgg tcctggctct
ggcaaaggca cacagtgtga aaagctggtg gaaaaatatg 660 gatttacaca
tctctcaact ggcgagctcc tgcgtgagga actggcatca gaatctgaaa 720
gaagcaaatt gatcagagac attatggaac gtggagacct ggtgccctca ggcatcgttt
780 tggagctcct gaaggaggcc atggtggcca gcctcgggga caccaggggc
ttcctgattg 840 acggctatcc tcgggaggtg aagcaagggg aagagttcgg
acgcaggatt ggagacccac 900 agttggtgat ctgtatggac tgctcggcag
acaccatgac caaccgcctt ctccaaagga 960 gccggagcag cctgcctgtg
gacgacacca ccaagaccat cgccaagcgc ctagaagcct 1020 actaccgagc
gtccatcccc gtgatcgcct actacgagac aaaaacacag ctacacaaga 1080
taaatgcaga gggaacacca gaggacgttt ttcttcaact ctgcacagct attgactcta
1140 ttattttctg aaggcaaaaa tgcatgttag aatggaaaca gaaaaacatt
aaaaagttca 1200 ttccgttaac acaatgtttc aagttaaacc ttttgtgtca ccgc
1244 29 1661 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 7474602CB1
29 gcggcggcgg cgagagcgaa agaggaaact gcagaggagg aagctgcgcc
gcagcccgag 60 ccgcccggca tccccgccgc ctctgcgccc gcgccgcgcc
cccggcgccc cctccccagc 120 gcgcccccgg ccgctcctcc gcgccgcgct
cgtcggccat ggcccgggag aacggcgaga 180 gcagctcctc ctggaaaaag
caagctgaag acatcaagaa gatcttcgag ttcaaagaga 240 ccctcggaac
cggggccttt tccgaagtgg ttttagctga agagaaggca actggcaagc 300
tctttgctgt gaagtgtatc cctaagaagg cgctgaaggg caaggaaagc agcatagaga
360 atgagatagc cgtcctgaga aagattaagc atgaaaatat tgttgccctg
gaagacattt 420 atgaaagccc aaatcacctg tacttggtca tgcagctggt
gtccggtgga gagctgtttg 480 accggatagt ggagaagggg ttttatacag
agaaggatgc cagcactctg atccgccaag 540 tcttggacgc cgtgtactat
ctccacagaa tgggcatcgt ccacagagac ctcaagcccg 600 aaaatctctt
gtactacagt caagatgagg agtccaaaat aatgatcagt gactttggat 660
tgtcaaaaat ggagggcaaa ggagatgtga tgtccactgc ctgtggaact ccaggctatg
720 tcgctcctga agtcctcgcc cagaaacctt acagcaaagc cgttgactgc
tggtccatcg 780 gagtgattgc ctacatcttg ctctgcggct accctccttt
ttatgatgaa aatgactcca 840 agctctttga gcagatcctc aaggcggaat
atgagtttga ctctccctac tgggatgaca 900 tctccgactc tgcaaaagac
ttcattcgga acctgatgga gaaggacccg aataaaagat 960 acacgtgtga
gcaggcagct cggcacccat ggatcgctgg tgacacagcc ctcaacaaaa 1020
acatccacga gtccgtcagc gcccagatcc ggaaaaactt tgccaagagc aaatggagac
1080 aagcatttaa tgccacggcc gtcgtgagac atatgagaaa actacacctc
ggcagcagcc 1140 tggacagttc aaatgcaagt gtttcgagca gcctcagttt
ggccagccaa aaagactgtg 1200 cgtctggcac cttccacgct ctgtagtttc
atttcttctt cgtcgggggt ctcaggagtt 1260 ggagccgagc ggagacccag
gcccaccact gtgacggcag tgcactctgg aagcaagtga 1320 ctggccctgg
aggtggggcc cggggtcggg gctggggaag gggagcccca gggtcgccag 1380
agccgcgagc cactccagcg agaccccacc ttgcatggtg ccccttcctg cataggactg
1440 gaagaccgaa gtttttttat ggccatattt tctactgcaa ttctgaagtg
ttcatttctc 1500 acaaactgta ctgactcgag gggcgctgat ttcataggat
ctggtgctgt atatacgaat 1560 cttgcaaagc tctaactgaa cggaccttct
tattcctctc tcctaacacc atcgtttcca 1620 ctcttctcag tgtaggtaac
cgtctatggt gtgtctttca t 1661 30 912 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 7475509CB1 30 cggacggtgg gctcggtccc ggcgctgggc
tgaggggagg ggttgtctta aaagtctctc 60 cttccccctg taggggcggc
cggcgagtcc cagtgagagc ggagggtgcc agaggtaggg 120 ggccgagaaa
caaagttccc ggggcttcct ccggggccgc ggtcggggct gcgcgtttga 180
ccgcccccct cctcgcgaag gcaatggctt ccaaactcct gcgcgcggtc atcctcgggc
240 cgcccggctc gggcaagggc accgtgtgcc agaggatcgc ccagaacttt
ggtctccagc 300 atctctccag cggccacttc ttgcgggaga acatcaaggc
cagcaccgaa gttggtgaga 360 tggcaaagca gtatatagag aaaagtcttt
tggttccaga ccatgtgatc acacgcctaa 420 tgatgtccga gttggagaac
aggcgtggcc agcactggct ccttgatggt tttcctagga 480 cattaggaca
agccgaagcc ctggacaaaa tctgtgaagt ggatctagtg atcagtttga 540
atattccatt tgaaacactt aaagatcgtc tcagccgccg ttggattcac cctcctagcg
600 gaagggtata taacctggac ttcaatccac ctcatgtaca tggtattgat
gacgtcactg 660 gtgaaccgtt agtccagcag gaggatgata aacccgaagc
agttgctgcc aggctaagac 720 agtacaaaga cgtggcaaag ccagtcattg
aattatacaa gagccgagga gtgctccacc 780 aatttttccg gaaccggaga
cgaacaaaaa tctggcctta cgtttacaca acttttctca 840 acaagatcac
acctattcag tccaaggaag cattttgacc tgcccatgga gaccggaatg 900
ggcctcactc ct 912 31 2858 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID
No 7475491CB1 31 ggtacgagcc ggatcacttg tacggcgcag tgtgctggac
agactctctc cttcccctcc 60 ccttctacct cctcctcggc cagctcaggt
tgcagcttct ctggggaact gctcaccttt 120 ccggagcagg ggaagctgcc
ccgtgcccgg gagggagcgg gcgcaccgcg gcccccagga 180 cacgcgctgt
gagtccgcgg gcggtgcgcc tgggaggaag ggggaggtcg gaggaggggg 240
caccgcggcg ccgggtataa ggagcaaagg acccggctgc ccagtccctc atgatcatga
300 acaagatgaa gaactttaag cgccgtttct ccctgtcagt gccccgcact
gagaccattg 360 aagaatcctt ggctgaattc acggagcaat tcaaccagct
ccacaaccgg cggaatgaga 420 acttgcagct cggtcctctt ggcagagacc
ccccgcagga gtgcagcacc ttctccccaa 480 cagacagcgg ggaggagccg
gggcagctct cccctggcgt gcagttccag cggcggcaga 540 accagcgccg
cttctccatg gaggtgaggg cctctggagc tctgccccgg caggtggcag 600
gatgcacgca caagggtgtg cacaggaggg cagctgcctt acagccagac tttgacgtca
660 gcaagaggct ctctctgccc atggatatcc gcctgcccca ggaattccta
cagaagctac 720 agatggagag cccagatctg cccaagccgc tcagccgcat
gtcccgccgg gcctccctgt 780 cagacattgg ctttgggaaa ctggaaacat
acgtgaaact ggacaaactg ggagagggca 840 cctatgccac agtcttcaaa
gggcgcagca aactgacgga gaaccttgtg gccctgaaag 900 agatccggct
ggagcacgag gagggagcgc cctgcactgc catccgagag gtgtctctgc 960
tgaagaacct gaagcacgcc aatattgtga ccctgcatga cctcatccac acagatcggt
1020 ccctcaccct ggtgtttgag tacctggaca gtgacctgaa gcagtatctg
gaccactgtg 1080 ggaacctcat gagcatgcac aacgtcaaga ttttcatgtt
ccagctgctc cggggcctcg 1140 cctactgtca ccaccgcaag atcctgcacc
gggacctgaa gccccagaac ctgctcatca 1200 acgagagggg ggagctgaag
ctggccgact ttggactggc cagggccaag tcagtgccca 1260 caaagactta
ctccaatgag gtggtgaccc tgtggtacag gccccccgat gtgctgctgg 1320
gatccacaga gtactccacc cccattgata tgtggggcgt gggctgcatc cactacgaga
1380 tggccacagg gaggcccctc ttcccgggct ccacagtcaa ggaggagctg
cacctcatct 1440 ttcgcctcct cgggaccccc acagaagaga cgtggcccgg
cgtgaccgcc ttctctgagt 1500 tccgcaccta cagcttcccc tgctacctcc
cgcagccgct catcaaccac gcgcccaggt 1560 tggatacgga tggcatccac
ctcctgagca gcctgctcct gtatgaatcc aagagtcgca 1620 tgtcagcaga
ggctgccctg agtcactcct acttccggtc tctgggagag cgtgtgcacc 1680
agcttgaaga cactgcctcc atcttctccc tgaaggagat ccagctccag aaggacccag
1740 gctaccgagg cttggccttc cagcagccag gacgagggaa gaacaggcgg
cagagcatct 1800 tctgagccac gcccaccttg ctgtggccaa gggacaagag
atcacatgga gcacaaattc 1860 gggtaggatg gagcctgtgt ggccctcgga
ggactgaaga acgagggctg acagccagcc 1920 tggaagaccg cttggcagcc
cttctggcca cggctgtttc ttctttgtgc ttcccgtgtg 1980 cctccccagt
agccctcacc tgcataccaa cccctccttt acccacgttg gggctggcat 2040
aagctgcttc cctgagagga catgaggggg gggcggtcct cgtaccctct cccaccctgg
2100 tgtttgggca cctgcgtggg atgcacacgg atgacagaat caaggcgcca
ggatgggcac 2160 tctgccctgg atacaggctc taccctcctc ccccaggacc
tgcctagtgc cagtttggta 2220 gtcccccttt ctggcccctt ggagcccaca
cacgtttcat ctttttcccc tctgagagca 2280 agaagagaca tggcatgttc
tctgggaccc tggaatccta ggtacccaca tgtgtgccaa 2340 agcctacccc
acctggcagg tgtcccacag caacagaagg aatagtagtc cccactcttt 2400
ccatcagccc taccctaccc tcattccccg acaccctctg gcttgaacca tggctgagca
2460 gtgccggcat acgctttgct ggcatgcttg gatgcccagc tgtgtccaga
ggtggcctgg 2520 gaccgccagt tgcacgcctg ccacctcagc cagcccccgc
ccagctcatc agtctgaatg 2580 gagttgcctt aaattggcag gtggtaccgt
actcactgcc cttggagctg tgaccggctc 2640 ctgcctgtcc accccttccc
gaggtggctc ctgcttacct tatcatccca gggctctgat 2700 tagccaggcc
tggtcagggt cctggggacg gcacccagat atgcagagtc accctgacac 2760
tggtgccagg ctgacctcag ctcccgaagg ctcgcacagc ctccccatcc ttccttccca
2820 gcccttgtgg ctctgtccac ctgatcccaa taccagct 2858 32 2817 DNA
Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 2192119CB1 32 ttcttctatc
ctgaaagctg tcctctcccc actcccgaca cactgggagc ccccccatcc 60
ccgcccctct cccgcccctc ccttgtcccc gccccttccc gccccaactc aggttctgcc
120 ccaccccgcc ccaattcacg tcctgctccg ccccgacgta ggccccgccc
tggcccccgg 180 gccccgcccc cgtctgacgc aggccccgcc ccctctccgc
cccgccccgg ctcgggcggc 240 cggaggaccc ggagctaagg cgcccgaacc
cgcggcggcg gtggggacga tgtggttctt 300 tgcccgggac ccggtccggg
actttccgtt cgagctcatc ccggagcccc cagagggcgg 360 cctgcccggg
ccctgggccc tgcaccgcgg ccgcaagaag gccacaggca gccccgtgtc 420
catcttcgtc tatgatgtga agcctggcgc ggaagagcag acccaggtgg ccaaagctgc
480 cttcaagcgc ttcaaaactc tacggcaccc caacatcctg gcttacatcg
atggactgga 540 gacagaaaaa tgcctccacg tcgtgacaga ggctgtgacc
ccgttgggaa tatacctcaa 600 ggcgagagtg gaggctggtg gcctgaagga
gctggagatc tcctgggggc tacaccagat 660 cgtgaaagcc ctcagcttcc
tggtcaacga ctgcagcctc atccacaaca atgtctgcat 720 ggccgccgtg
ttcgtggacc gagctggcga gtggaagctt gggggcctgg actacatgta 780
ttcggcccag ggcaacggtg ggggacctcc ccgcaagggg atccccgagc ttgagcagta
840 tgaccccccg gagttggctg acagcagtgg cagagtggtc agagagaagt
ggtcagcaga 900 catgtggcgc ttgggctgcc tcatttggga agtcttcaat
gggcccctac ctcgggcagc 960 agccctacgc aaccctggga agatccccaa
aacgctggtg ccccattact gtgagctggt 1020 gggagcaaac cccaaggtgc
gtcccaaccc agcccgcttc ctgcagaact gccgggcacc 1080 tggtggcttc
atgagcaacc gctttgtaga aaccaacctc ttcctggagg agattcagat 1140
caaagagcca gccgagaagc aaaaattctt ccaggagctg agcaagagcc tggacgcatt
1200 ccctgaggat ttctgtcggc acaaggtgct gccccagctg ctgaccgcct
tcgagttcgg 1260 caatgctggg gccgttgtcc tcacgcccct cttcaaggtg
ggcaagttcc tgagcgctga 1320 ggagtatcag cagaagatca tccctgtggt
ggtcaagatg ttctcatcca ctgaccgggc 1380 catgcgcatc cgcctcctgc
agcagatgga gcagttcatc cagtaccttg acgagccaac 1440 agtcaacacc
cagatcttcc cccacgtcgt acatggcttc ctggacacca accctgccat 1500
ccgggagcag acggtcaagt ccatgctgct cctggcccca aagctgaacg aggccaacct
1560 caatgtggag ctgatgaagc actttgcacg gctacaggcc aaggatgaac
agggccccat 1620 ccgctgcaac accacagtct gcctgggcaa aatcggctcc
tacctcagtg ctagcaccag 1680 acacagggtc cttacctctg ccttcagccg
agccactagg gacccgtttg caccgtcccg 1740 ggttgcgggt gtcctgggct
ttgctgccac ccacaacctc tactcaatga acgactgtgc 1800 ccagaagatc
ctgcctgtgc tctgcggtct cactgtagat cctgagaaat ccgtgcgaga 1860
ccaggccttc aaggccattc ggagcttcct gtccaaattg gagtctgtgt cggaggaccc
1920 gacccagctg gaggaagtgg agaaggatgt ccatgcagcc tccagccctg
gcatgggagg 1980 agccgcagct agctgggcag gctgggccgt gaccggggtc
tcctcactca cctccaagct 2040 gatccgttcg cacccaacca ctgccccaac
agaaaccaac attccccaaa gacccacgcc 2100 tgaaggccac tgggagacgc
aggaggagga caaggacaca gcagaggaca gcagcactgc 2160 tgacagatgg
gacgacgaag actggggcag cctggagcag gaggccgagt ctgtgctggc 2220
ccagcaggac gactggagca ccgggggcca agtgagccgt gctagtcagg tcagcaactc
2280 cgaccacaaa tcctccaaat ccccagagtc cgactggagc agctgggaag
ctgagggctc 2340 ctgggaacag ggctggcagg agccaagctc ccaggagcca
cctcctgacg gtacacggct 2400 ggccagcgag tataactggg gtggcccaga
gtccagcgac aagggcgacc ccttcgctac 2460 cctgtctgca cgtcccagca
cccagccgag gccagactct tggggtgagg acaactggga 2520 gggcctcgag
actgacagtc gacaggtcaa ggctgagctg gcccggaaga agcgcgagga 2580
gcggcggcgg gagatggagg ccaaacgcgc cgagaggaag gtggccaagg gccccatgaa
2640 gctgggagcc cggaagctgg actgaaccgt ggcggtggcc cttcccggct
gcggagagcc 2700 cgccccacag atgtatttat tgtacaaacc atgtgagccc
ggccggccca gccaggccat 2760 ctcacgtgta cataatcaga gccacaataa
attctatttc acaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 2817 33 5305 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 7474496CB1 33 atggctgggg gccgtggggc
ccccgggcgc ggccgggacg agcctccgga gagctacccg 60 caacgacagg
accacgagct acaggccctg gaggccatct acggcgcgga cttccaagac 120
ctgcggccgg acgcttgcgg accggtcaaa gagccccctg aaatcaattt agttttgtac
180 cctcaaggcc taactggtga agaagtatat gtaaaagtgg atttgagggt
taaatgccca 240 cctacctatc cagatgtagt tcctgaaata gagttaaaaa
atgccaaagg tctatcaaat 300 gaaagtgtca atttgttaaa atctcgccta
gaagaactgg ccaagaaaca ctgtggggag 360 gtgatgatct ttgaactggc
ttaccacgtg cagtcatttc tcagcgagca taacaagccc 420 cctcccaagt
cttttcatga agaaatgctg gaaaggcggg ctcaagagga gcaacagagg 480
ctgttggagg cccaagcgga aagaagaaga gagcaggcac aacaacgtga aatcctgcat
540 gagattcaga gaaggaaaga agagataaaa gaagagaaaa aaaggaaaga
aatggctaag 600 caggaacgtt tggaaattgc tagtttgtca aaccaagatc
atacctctaa gaaggaccca 660 ggaggacaca gaacggctgc cattctacat
ggaggctctc ctgactttgt aggaaatggt 720 aaacatcggg caaactcctc
aggaaggtct aggcgagaac gtcagtattc tgtatgtaat 780 agtgaagatt
ctcctggctc ttgtgaaatt ctgtatttca atatggggag tcctgatcag 840
ctcatggtgc acaaagggaa atgtattggc agtgatgaac aacttggaaa attagtctac
900 aatgctttgg aaacagccac tggtggcttt gtcttgttgt atgagtgggt
ccttcagtgg 960 cagaaaaaaa tgggtccatt ccttaccagt caagaaaaag
agaagattga taagtgcaaa 1020 aagcagattc aaggaacaga aacagaattc
aactcactgg taaaattgag ccatccaaat 1080 gtagtacgct accttgcaat
gaatctcaaa gagcaagacg actccattgt ggtggacatt 1140 ttagtggagc
acattagtgg ggtctctctt gctgcacacc tgagccactc aggccccatc 1200
cctgtgcatc agcttcgcag gtacacagct cagctcctgt caggccttga ttatctgcac
1260 agcaattctg tggtgcataa ggtcctgagt gcatctaatg tcttggtgga
tgcagaaggc 1320 accgtcaaga ttacggacta tagcatttct aagcgcctcg
cagacatttg caaggaggat 1380 gtgtttgagc aaacccgagt tcgttttagt
gacaatgctc tgccttataa aacggggaag 1440 aaaggagatg tttggcgtct
tggccttctg ctgctgtccc tcagccaagg acaggaatgt 1500 ggagagtacc
ctgtgaccat ccctagtgac ttaccagctg actttcaaga ttttctaaag 1560
tgtgtgtgct tggatgacaa ggaaagatgg agtccccagc agttgttgaa acacagcttt
1620 ataaatcccc agccaaaaat gcctctagtg gaacaaagtc ctgaagattc
tgaaggacaa 1680 gattatgttg agactgttat tcctagcaac cggctaccca
gtgctgcctt ctttagtgag 1740 acacagagac agttttcccg atacttcatt
gagtttgaag aattacaact tcttggtaaa 1800 ggagcttttg gagctgtcat
caaggtgcag aacaagttgg acggctgctg ctacgcagtg 1860 aagcgcatcc
ccatcaaccc ggccagccgg cagttccgca ggatcaaggg cgaagtgaca 1920
ctgctgtcac ggctgcacca tgagaacatt gtgcgctact acaacgcctg gatcgagcgg
1980 cacgagcggc cggcgggacc ggggacgccg cccccggact ccgggcccct
ggccaaggat 2040 gaccgagctg cacgcgggca gccggcgagc gacacagacg
gcctggacag cgtagaggcc 2100 gccgcgccgc cacccatcct cagcagctcg
gtggagtgga gcacttcggg cgagcgctcg 2160 gccagtgccc gtttccccgc
caccggcccg ggctccagcg atgacgagga cgacgacgag 2220 gacgagcacg
gtggcgtctt ctcccagtcc ttcctgcctg cttcagattc tgaaagtgat 2280
attatctttg acaatgaaga tgagaacagt aaaagtcaga atcaggatga agattgcaat
2340 gaaaagaatg gctgccatga aagtgagcca tcagtgacga ctgaggctgt
gcactaccta 2400 tacatccaga tggagtactg tgagaagagc actttacgag
acaccattga ccagggactg 2460 tatcgagaca ccgtcagact ctggaggctt
tttcgagaga ttctggatgg attagcttat 2520 atccatgaga aaggaatgat
tcaccgggat ttgaagcctg tcaacatttt tttggattct 2580 gatgaccatg
tgaaaatagg tgattttggt ttggcgacag accatctagc cttttctgct 2640
gacagcaaac aagacgatca gacaggagac ttgattaagt cagacccttc aggtcactta
2700 actgggatgg ttggcactgc tctctatgta agcccagagg tccaaggaag
caccaaatct 2760 gcatacaacc agaaagtgga tctcttcagc ctgggaatta
tcttctttga gatgtcctat 2820 caccccatgg tcacggcttc agaaaggatc
tttgttctca accaactcag agatcccact 2880 tcgcctaagt ttccagaaga
ctttgacgat ggagagcatg caaagcagaa atcagtcatc 2940 tcctggctgt
tgaaccacga tccagcaaaa cggcccacag ccacagaact gctcaagagt 3000
gagctgctgc ccccacccca gatggaggag tcagagctgc atgaagtgct gcaccacacg
3060 ctgaccaacg tggatgggaa ggcctaccgc accatgatgg cccagatctt
ctcgcagcgc 3120 atctcccctg ccatcgatta cacctatgac agcgacatac
tgaagggcaa cttctcaatc 3180 cgtacagcca agatgcagca gcatgtgtgt
gaaaccatca tccgcatctt taaaagacat 3240 ggagctgttc agttgtgtac
tccactactg cttccccgaa acagacaaat atatgagcac 3300 aacgaagctg
ccctattcat ggaccacagc gggatgctgg tgatgcttcc ttttgacctg 3360
cggatccctt ttgcaagata tgtggcaaga aataatatat tgaatttaaa acgatactgc
3420 atagaacgtg tgttcaggcc gcgcaagtta gatcgatttc atcccaaaga
acttctggag 3480 tgtgcatttg atattgtcac ttctaccacc aacagctttc
tgcccactgc tgaaattatc 3540 tacactatct atgaaatcat ccaagagttt
ccagcacttc aggaaagaaa ttacagtatt 3600 tatttgaacc ataccatgtt
attgaaagca atactcttac actgtgggat cccagaagat 3660 aaactcagtc
aagtctacat tattctgtat gatgctgtga cagagaagct gacgaggaga 3720
gaagtggaag ctaaattttg taatctgtct ttgtcttcta atagtctgtg tcgactctac
3780 aagtttattg aacagaaggg agatttgcaa gatcttatgc caacaataaa
ttcattaata 3840 aaacagaaaa caggtattgc acagttggtg aagtatggct
taaaagacct agaggaggtt 3900 gttggactgt tgaagaaact cggcatcaag
ttacaggtct tgatcaattt gggcttggtt 3960 tacaaggtgc agcagcacaa
tggaatcatc ttccagtttg tggctttcat caaacgaagg 4020 caaagggctg
tacctgaaat cctcgcagct ggaggcagat atgacctgct gattccccag 4080
tttagagggc cacaagctct ggggccagtt cccactgcca ttggggtcag catagctata
4140 gacaagatat ctgctgctgt cctcaacatg gaggaatctg ttacaataag
ctcttgtgac 4200 ctcctggttg taagtgttgg ccagatgtct atgtccaggg
ccatcaacct aacccagaaa 4260 ctctggacag caggcatcac agcagaaatc
atgtacgact ggtcacagtc ccaagaggaa 4320 ttacaagagt actgcagaca
tcatgaaatc acctatgtgg cccttgtctc ggataaagaa 4380 ggaagccatg
tcaaggttaa gtctttcgag aaggaaaggc agacagagaa gcgtgtgctg 4440
gagactgaac ttgtggacca tgtactgcag aaactgagga ctaaagtcac tgatgaaagg
4500 aatggcagag aagcttccga taatcttgca gtgcaaaatc tgaaggggtc
attttctaat 4560 gcttcaggtt tgtttgaaat ccatggagca acagtggttc
ccattgtgag tgtgctagcc 4620 ccggagaagc tgtcagccag cactaggagg
cgctatgaaa ctcaggtaca aactcgactt 4680 cagacctccc ttgccaactt
acatcagaaa agcagtgaaa ttgaaattct ggctgtggat 4740 ctacccaaag
aaacaatatt acagttttta tcattagagt gggatgctga tgaacaggca 4800
tttaacacaa ctgtgaagca gctgctgtca cgcctgccaa agcaaagata cctcaaatta
4860 gtctgtgatg aaatttataa catcaaagta gaaaaaaagg tgtctgtgct
atttctgtac 4920 agctatagag atgactacta cagaatctta ttttaaccct
aaagaactgt cgttaacctc 4980 attcaaacag acagaggctt atactggaat
aatggaatgt tgtacattca tcataattta 5040 aaattaaatt ctaagaagag
gctgggtgca gtggctcaca cctttaatcc cagcactttg 5100 ggaagccaag
gcaggaagac tgcttgaaac caggagtttg agaccagcct gagcaacaaa 5160
gcaagacccc atctctataa aaactaaaaa aattagttgg gcatggtggc acatgcctgt
5220 agtcccagct actccagagg gtgagatgga tcatctgagc ctcaggaggt
tgaggctgca 5280 gttaactgga cggcgggggg atcca
5305 34 3269 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature Incyte ID No 1834248CB1
34 ccgggacccg gagaagatgt cttcgcggac ggtgctggcc ccgggcaacg
atcggaactc 60 ggacacgcat ggcaccttgg gcagtggccg ctcctcggac
aaaggcccgt cctggtccag 120 ccgctcactg ggtgcccgtt gccggaactc
catcgcctcc tgtcccgagg agcagcccca 180 cgtgggcaac taccgcctgc
tgaggaccat tgggaagggc aactttgcca aagtcaagct 240 ggctcggcac
atcctcactg gtcgggaggt tgccatcaag attatcgaca aaacccagct 300
gaatcccagc agcctgcaga agctgttccg agaagtccgc atcatgaagg gcctaaacca
360 ccccaacatc gtgaagctct ttgaggtgat tgagactgag aagacgctgt
acctggtgat 420 ggagtacgca agtgctggag aagtgtttga ctacctcgtg
tcgcatggcc gcatgaagga 480 gaaggaagct cgagccaagt tccgacagat
tgtttcggct gtgcactatt gtcaccagaa 540 aaatattgta cacagggacc
tgaaggctga gaacctcttg ctggatgccg aggccaacat 600 caagattgct
gactttggct tcagcaacga gttcacgctg ggatcgaagc tggacacgtt 660
ctgcgggagc cccccatatg ccgccccgga gctgtttcag ggcaagaagt acgacgggcc
720 ggaggtggac atctggagcc tgggagtcat cctgtacacc ctcgtcagcg
gctccctgcc 780 cttcgacggg cacaacctca aggagctgcg ggagcgagta
ctcagaggga agtaccgggt 840 ccctttctac atgtcaacag actgtgagag
catcctgcgg agatttttgg tgctgaaccc 900 agctaaacgc tgtactctcg
agcaaatcat gaaagacaaa tggatcaaca tcggctatga 960 gggtgaggag
ttgaagccat acacagagcc cgaggaggac ttcggggaca ccaagagaat 1020
tgaggtgatg gtgggtatgg gctacacacg ggaagaaatc aaagagtcct tgaccagcca
1080 gaagtacaac gaagtgaccg ccacctacct cctgctgggc aggaagactg
aggagggtgg 1140 ggaccggggc gccccagggc tggccctggc acgggtgcgg
gcgcccagcg acaccaccaa 1200 cggaacaagt tccagcaaag gcaccagcca
cagcaaaggg cagcggagtt cctcttccac 1260 ctaccaccgc cagcgcaggc
atagcgattt ctgtggccca tcccctgcac ccctgcaccc 1320 caaacgcagc
ccgacgagca cgggggaggc ggagctgaag gaggagcggc tgccaggccg 1380
gaaggcgagc tgcagcaccg cggggagtgg gagtcgaggg ctgcccccct ccagccccat
1440 ggtcagcagc gcccacaacc ccaacaaggc agagatccca gagcggcgga
aggacagcac 1500 gagcaccccc aacaacctcc ctcctagcat gatgacccgc
agaaacacct acgtttgcac 1560 agaacgcccg ggggctgagc gcccgtccct
gttgccaaat gggaaagaaa acagctcagg 1620 caccccacgg gtgccccctg
cctccccctc cagtcacagc ctggcacccc catcagggga 1680 gcggagccgc
ctggcacgcg gttccaccat ccgcagcacc ttccatggtg gccaggtccg 1740
ggaccggcgg gcagggggtg ggggtggtgg gggtgtgcag aatgggcccc ctgcctctcc
1800 cacactggcc catgaggctg cacccctgcc cgccgggcgg ccccgcccca
ccaccaacct 1860 cttcaccaag ctgacctcca aactgacccg aagggtcgca
gacgaacctg agagaatcgg 1920 gggacctgag gtcacaagtt gccatctacc
ttgggatcaa acggaaaccg ccccccggct 1980 gctccgattc ccctggagtg
tgaagctgac cagctcgcgc cctcctgagg ccctgatggc 2040 agctctgcgc
caggccacag cagccgcccg ctgccgctgc cgccagccac agccgttcct 2100
gctggcctgc ctgcacgggg gtgcgggcgg gcccgagccc ctgtcccact tcgaagtgga
2160 ggtctgccag ctgccccggc caggcttgcg gggagttctc ttccgccgtg
tggcgggcac 2220 cgccctggcc ttccgcaccc tcgtcacccg catctccaac
gacctcgagc tctgagccac 2280 cacggtccca gggcccttac tcttcctctc
ccttgtcgcc ttcacttcta caggagggga 2340 aggggccagg gaggggattc
tccctttatc atcacctcag tttccctgaa ttatatttgg 2400 gggcaaagat
tgtcccctct gctgttctct ggggccgctc agcacagaag aaggatgagg 2460
gggctcagcg gggggagctg gcaccttcct ggagcctcca gccagtcctg tcctccctcg
2520 ccctaccaag agggcacctg aggagacttt ggggacaggg caggggcagg
gagggaaact 2580 gaggaaatct tccattcctc ccaacagctc aaaattaggc
cttgggcagg ggcagggaga 2640 gctgctgagc ctaaagactg gagaatctgg
gggactggga gtgggggtca gagaggcaga 2700 ttccttcccc tcccgtcccc
tcacgctcaa acccccactt cctgccccag gctggcgcgg 2760 ggcactttgt
acaaatcctt gtaaataccc cacaccctcc cctctgcaaa ggtctcttga 2820
ggagctgccg ctgtcaccta cggtttttaa gttattacac cccgaccctc ctcctgtcag
2880 ccccctcacc tgcagcctgt tgcccaataa atttaggaga gtccccccct
ccccaatgct 2940 gaccctagga ttttccttcc ctgccctcac ctgcaaatga
gttaaagaag aggcgtggga 3000 atccaggcag tggtttttcc tttcggagcc
tcggttttct catctgcaga atgggagcgg 3060 tgggggtggg aaggtaagga
tggtcgtgga agaaggcagg atggaactcg gcctcatccc 3120 cgaggcccca
gttcctatat cgggcccccc attcatccac tcacactccc agccaccatg 3180
ttacactgga ctctaagcca cttcttactc cagtagtaaa tttattcaat aaacaatcat
3240 tgacccatga aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 3269 35 3017 DNA Homo sapiens
misc_feature Incyte ID No 71584520CB1 35 gggcaagcgg ctggcgatgc
tggaggttcg ctagccgaag cggctgcatc tggcgccgcg 60 tctgccccgc
gtgctcggag cggattctgc ccgccgtccc cggagccctc ggcgccccgc 120
tgagcccggc gatcacttcc tccctgtgac caaccggcgc tgcaggttag agcctggcaa
180 tgccgtttgg gtgtgtgact ctgggcgaca agaagaacta taaccagcca
tcggaggtga 240 ctgacagata tgatttggga caggtcatca agactgagga
gttttgtgaa atcttccggg 300 ccaaggacaa gacgacaggc aagctgcaca
cctgcaagaa gttccagaag cgggacggcc 360 gcaaggtgcg gaaagctgcc
aagaacgaga taggcatcct caagatggtg aagcatccca 420 acatcctaca
gctggtggat gtgtttgtga cccgcaagga gtactttatc ttcctggagc 480
tggccacggg gagggaggtg tttgactgga tcctggacca gggctactac tcggagcgag
540 acacaagcaa cgtggtacgg caagtcctgg aggccgtggc ctatttgcac
tcactcaaga 600 tcgtgcacag gaatctcaag ctggagaacc tggtttacta
caaccggctg aagaactcga 660 agattgtcat cagtgacttc catctggcta
agctagaaaa tggcctcatc aaggagccct 720 gtgggacccc cgagtatctg
gccccagagg tggtaggccg gcagcggtat ggacgccctg 780 tggactgctg
ggccattgga gtcatcatgt acatcctgct ttcaggcaac ccacctttct 840
atgaggaggt ggaagaagat gattatgaga accatgataa gaatctcttc cgcaagatcc
900 tggctggtga ctatgagttt gactctccat attgggatga tatttcgcag
gcagccaaag 960 acctggtcac aaggctgatg gaggtggagc aagaccagcg
gatcactgca gaagaggcca 1020 tctcccatga gtggatttct ggcaatgctg
cttctgataa gaacatcaag gatggtgtct 1080 gtgcccagat tgaaaagaac
tttgccaggg ccaagtggaa gaaggctgtc cgagtgacca 1140 ccctcatgaa
acggctccgg gcaccagagc agtccagcac ggctgcagcc cagtcggcct 1200
cagccacaga cactgccacc cccggggctg caggtggggc cacagctgca gctgcgagtg
1260 gagctacctc agcccctgag ggtgatgctg ctcgtgctgc aaagagtgat
aatgtggccc 1320 ccgcagaccg tagtgccacc ccagccacag atggaagtgc
caccccagcc actgatggca 1380 gtgtcacccc agccaccgat ggaagcatca
ctccagccac tgatgggagt gtcaccccag 1440 ccactgacag gagcgctact
ccagccactg atgggagagc cacaccagcc acagaagaga 1500 gcactgtgcc
caccacccaa agcagtgcca tgctggccac caaggcagct gccacccctg 1560
agccggctat ggcccagccg gacagcacag ccccagaggg cgccacaggc caggctccac
1620 cctctagtaa aggggaagag gctgctggtt atgcccagga gtctcaaagg
gaggaggcca 1680 gctgagtagg cagcctggtg agggggggca ggggatgggc
aggagggtgg gagagtggat 1740 gaggggcttc tcactgtaca tagagtcact
ggcatgatgc cctcgctccc ccatgccccc 1800 acatcccagt ggggcataac
taggggtcac gggagagcag tctcgtctcc tgtgtgtatg 1860 tgtgtgagtg
gtgggcaggc cagtggcagg gccggcccca gcccctgcat ggattccttg 1920
tggcttttct gtcttttgct agcttcacca gtttctgttc cttgtgggat gctgctctag
1980 ggatactcag ggggctcctg ctctccttcc ccttcccttc ttgcctcacc
attcccctag 2040 gcaggccctg caggtcccac actctcccag gccctaaact
tgggcggcct tgccctgaga 2100 gctggtcctc cagcgaggcc ctgtcagcgg
tcttaggctc ctgcacatga aggtgtgtgc 2160 ctgtggtgtg tgggctgctc
taggagcaga tacaggctgg tatagaggat gcagaaaggt 2220 agggcagtat
gtttaagtcc agacttggca catggctagg gatactgctc actagctgtg 2280
gaggtcctca ggagtggaga gaatgagtag gagggcagaa gcttccattt ttgtccttcc
2340 taagaccctg ttatttgtgt tatttcctgc ctttccgagt cctgcagtgg
gctgccctgt 2400 accctgaacc tcatgagcct ctaagggaaa ggaggaacaa
ttaggacgtg gcaatgagac 2460 ctggcagggc agagtacaag cccagcaccc
agtgtcccag ccttactggg tccttaccct 2520 gggccaaaca gggagggctg
atacctcctt gctcttccta gatgcccacc tcctacaatc 2580 tcagcccaca
agtcctctcc accctagggg gcttgctgca tggcaataac tcataatctg 2640
atttggaggt ttgcccttta caggggcaga ttttctgctc agttcaacaa tgaaatgaag
2700 aggaactccc tctttctaca gctcacttct atcagaggcc caggtgcctc
agagccacat 2760 tgagttgctt tttctgggat gaggaagtag ggttaaactc
cccagtttcc tgagggaggc 2820 tcctgacagg tgccctttgt cagaccctac
cacagcctgg ataggcagcc acattggtcc 2880 tcgcccttgc tcggcactcc
gtggtggtcc tgcccttctc cctgcatgcc tgtgggtctg 2940 ctctggtgtg
tgaaggtcgg tgggttaact gtgtgcctac tgaacctggc aaataaacat 3000
caccctgcaa agccaaa 3017 36 2168 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature
Incyte ID No 7475538CB1 36 gctgtcatcg ttccgtgggc cctgcttgcg
ggcacgctct cggcgcatgc gttttttatg 60 cgggattaag cttgctgctg
cgtgacagcg gagggctagg aaaaggcgca gtggggcccg 120 gagctgtcac
ccctgactcg acgcagcttc cgttctcctg gtgacgtggc ctacaggaac 180
cgccccagtg gtcagctgcc gcgctgttgc taggcaacag cgtgcgagct cagatcagcg
240 tggggtggag gagaagtgga gtttggaagt tcaggggcac aggggcacag
gcccacgact 300 gcagcgggat ggaccagtac tgcatcctgg gccgcatcgg
ggagggcgcc cacggaatcg 360 tcttcaaggc caagcacgtg gagactggcg
agatagttgc cctcaagaag gtggccctaa 420 ggcggttgga agacggcttc
cctaaccagg ccctgcggga gattaaggct ctgcaggaga 480 tggaggacaa
tcagtatgtg gtacaactga aggctgtgtt cccacacggt ggaggctttg 540
tgctggcctt tgagttcatg ctgtcggatc tggccgaggt ggtgcgccat gcccagaggc
600 cactagccca ggcacaggtc aagagctacc tgcagatgct gctcaagggt
gtcgccttct 660 gccatgccaa caacattgta catcgggacc tgaaacctgc
caacctgctc atcagcgcct 720 caggccagct caagatagcg gactttggcc
tggctcgagt cttttcccca gacggcagcc 780 gcctctacac acaccaggtg
gccaccaggt ggtaccgagc ccccgagctc ctgtatggtg 840 cccgccagta
tgaccagggc gtcgatctgt ggtctgtggg ctgcatcatg ggggagctgt 900
tgaatgggtc cccccttttc ccgggcaaga acgatattga acagctttgc tatgtgcttc
960 gcatcttggg caccccaaac cctcaagtct ggccggagct cactgagctg
ccggactaca 1020 acaagatctc ctttaaggag caggtgccca tgcccctgga
ggaggtgctg cctgacgtct 1080 ctccccaggc attggatctg ctgggtcaat
tccttctcta ccctcctcac cagcgcatcg 1140 cagcttccaa ggctctcctc
catcagtact tcttcacagc tcccctgcct gcccatccat 1200 ctgagctgcc
gattcctcag cgtctagggg gacctgcccc caaggcccat ccagggcccc 1260
cccacatcca tgacttccac gtggaccggc ctcttgagga gtcgctgttg aacccagagc
1320 tgattcggcc cttcatcctg gaggggtgag aagttggccc tggtcccgtc
tgcctgctcc 1380 tcaggaccac tcagtccacc tgttcctctg ccacctgcct
ggcttcaccc tccaaggcct 1440 ccccatggcc acagtgggcc cacaccacac
cctgcccctt agcccttgcg agggttggtc 1500 tcgaggcaga ggtcatgttc
ccagccaaga gtatgagaac atccagtcga gcagaggaga 1560 ttcatggcct
gtgctcggtg agccttacct tctgtgtgct actgacgtac ccatcaggac 1620
agtgagctct gctgccagtc aaggcctgca tatgcagaat gacgatgcct gccttggtgc
1680 tgcttccccg agtgctgcct cctggtcaag gagaagtgca gagagtaagg
tgtccttatg 1740 ttggaaactc aagtggaagg aagatttggt ttggttttat
tctcagagcc attaaacact 1800 agttcagtat gtgagatata gattctaaaa
acctcaggtg gctctgcctt atgtctgttc 1860 ctccttcatt tctctcaagg
gaaatggcta aggtggcatt gtctcatggc tctcgttttt 1920 ggggtcatgg
ggagggtagc accaggcata gccacttttg ccctgaggga ctcctgtgtg 1980
cttcacatca ctgagcactc atttagaagt gagggagaca gaagtctagg cccagggatg
2040 gctccagttg gggatccagc aggagaccct ctgcacatga ggctggttta
ccaacatcta 2100 ctccctcagg atgagcgtga gccagaagca gctgtgtatt
taaggaaaca agcgttcctg 2160 gaattaat 2168
* * * * *
References