U.S. patent application number 10/349623 was filed with the patent office on 2004-01-29 for electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices.
Invention is credited to Lau, Shek Fai, Lee, Jimmy Luther, Parker, Andrew J..
Application Number | 20040018126 10/349623 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24256620 |
Filed Date | 2004-01-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040018126 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lau, Shek Fai ; et
al. |
January 29, 2004 |
Electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner devices
Abstract
An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner includes a
mechanism to clean the wire-like electrodes in the first electrode
array. A length of material projects from the base of the second
electrode array towards and beyond the first electrode array. The
distal end of the material includes a slit that engages a
corresponding wire-like electrode. As a user moves the second
electrode array up or down within the conditioner housing, friction
between slit edges and the wire-like electrode cleans the electrode
surface. The material maybe biasedly pivotably attached to the base
of the second electrode array, and may be urged away from and
parallel to the wire-like electrodes when the conditioner is in
use. Another embodiment includes a member having a through opening
or channel, through which the wire-like electrode passes. As the
conditioner is turned upside down and rightside up, friction
between the opening in the member and wire-like electrode cleans
the electrode surface.
Inventors: |
Lau, Shek Fai; (Foster City,
CA) ; Lee, Jimmy Luther; (Rohnert Park, CA) ;
Parker, Andrew J.; (Sausalito, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FLIESLER DUBB MEYER & LOVEJOY, LLP
FOUR EMBARCADERO CENTER
SUITE 400
SAN FRANCISCO
CA
94111
US
|
Family ID: |
24256620 |
Appl. No.: |
10/349623 |
Filed: |
April 24, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10349623 |
Apr 24, 2003 |
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09924624 |
Aug 8, 2001 |
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09924624 |
Aug 8, 2001 |
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09564960 |
May 4, 2000 |
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6350417 |
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09564960 |
May 4, 2000 |
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09186471 |
Nov 5, 1998 |
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6176977 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
422/186.04 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B03C 2201/08 20130101;
F24F 8/40 20210101; B03C 3/68 20130101; B01D 53/32 20130101; C01B
13/11 20130101; C01B 2201/20 20130101; B03C 3/08 20130101; B03C
3/743 20130101; B01D 53/323 20130101; C01B 2201/22 20130101; F24F
8/30 20210101; Y10T 428/24322 20150115; H01T 23/00 20130101; B03C
2201/14 20130101; C01B 13/115 20130101; B03C 3/12 20130101; B03C
3/32 20130101; C01B 2201/62 20130101; C01B 2201/12 20130101; B01D
2251/104 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
422/186.04 |
International
Class: |
B01J 019/08 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner, comprising: a
housing; a first electrode array including at least one wire-shaped
electrode, disposed in said housing; a second electrode array,
removably disposed in said housing, having a base member and
including at least one electrode disposed substantially parallel to
said wire-shaped electrode in said first electrode array; a source
of high voltage outputting a signal whose duty cycle is between
about 10% to about 100%, disposed in said housing, coupled between
said first electrode array and said second electrode array; and
means, attached to said base member, for frictionally cleaning said
wire-shaped electrode whenever said base member of said second
electrode array is moved within said housing.
2. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein
said means for frictionally cleaning includes a strip of flexible
electrically insulating material having a first end attached to
said base member, and having a second end that defines a slit; said
strip extending from said base toward and beyond said first
electrode array such that said wire-shaped electrode fits
frictionally within said slit when said second electrode array is
disposed in said housing.
3. The electro-kinetic transport-conditioner of claim 2, wherein
said strip has at least one characteristic selected from a group
consisting of(a) said strip includes a polyester film, (b) said
strip includes a polyimide film, (c) said strip has a strip
thickness of about 0.1 mm, (d) slit has a slit length of at least
0.25", and (e) said slit has a slit width less than a thickness of
said wire-shaped electrode.
4. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 2, wherein:
said first electrode array includes a plurality of wire-shaped
electrodes; and said strip defines a plurality of slits, one of
said slits being disposed to frictionally engage one of said
wire-shaped electrodes in said first electrode array.
5. The electro-kinetic transport-conditioner of claim 2, wherein an
inside bottom surface of said housing includes an upwardly
projecting vane disposed to deflect said second end of said strip
upwardly and away from said wire-shaped electrode when said second
electrode array is fully disposed in said housing.
6. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 5, further
including a barrier wall mounted on said inside bottom surface,
said barrier wall disposed between a bottommost portion of said
first array and a bottommost portion of said second array.
7. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 1, further
including a bead having a through opening, disposed such that said
wire-shaped electrode passes through said through opening; wherein
friction between an inner surface of said through opening and an
exterior surface of said wire-shaped electrode can clean said
exterior surface of said wire-shaped electrode.
8. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein
said means for frictionally cleaning includes: an arm, made of
electrically insulating material, having a first distal end and a
second end that is biasedly pivotably attached to said base; and a
strip of flexible electrically insulating material having a first
end attached to first distal end of said arm, and having a second
end that defines a slit; said arm and said strip extending from
said base toward and beyond said first electrode array such that
said wire-shaped electrode fits frictionally within said slit when
said second electrode array is disposed in said housing.
9. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 8, wherein
said arm is pivotably biased towards an angle of about 90 degrees
relative to longitudinal axis of said second electrode array.
10. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 8, wherein
an inside bottom portion of said housing includes an upwardly
projecting vane disposed to deflect said first distal end of said
arm upwardly and away from said wire-shaped electrode when said
second electrode array is fully disposed in said housing.
11. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 10,
wherein: said base of said second electrode array includes a
downwardly projecting member; said inside bottom portion of said
housing defines an opening sized to receive said projecting member
of said base when said second electrode array is fully inserted
into said housing; and wherein said arm and said strip attached
thereto are pivoted upward and parallel to a longitudinal axis of
said second electrode array.
12. An electrode cleaner for use with an electro-kinetic
transporter-conditioner that includes a first electrode array
including at least one wire-shaped electrode, and a removable
second electrode array having a base member and including at one
electrode disposed substantially parallel to said wire-shaped
electrode in said first electrode array, the electrode cleaner
comprising: a strip of flexible electrically insulating material
having a first end attached to said base member, and having a
second end that defines a slit; said strip extending from said base
toward and beyond said first electrode array such that said
wire-shaped electrode fits frictionally within said slit when said
second electrode array is disposed for operation of said
electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner; wherein movement of said
base member causes said slit in said strip to frictionally clean an
outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode.
13. The electrode cleaner of claim 12, further including: means for
deflecting at least the slit-containing end of said strip into a
positioned parallel to a longitudinal axis of said wire-shaped
electrode when said electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner is in
operation.
14. The electrode cleaner of claim 13, wherein said means for
deflecting includes a vane disposed within said
transporter-conditioner such that during operation of said
transporter-conditioner a distal portion of said vane contacts and
so deflects said slit-containing end of said strip.
15. The electrode cleaner of claim 13, wherein said means for
deflecting includes a biased pivot mechanism that attaches said
strip to a base of said second electrode array.
16. An electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner, comprising: a
housing; a first electrode array including at least one wire-shaped
electrode, disposed in said housing; a second electrode array,
removably disposed in said housing, having abase member and
including at least one electrode disposed substantially parallel to
said wire-shaped electrode in said first electrode array; a source
of high voltage, disposed in said housing, coupled between said
first electrode array and said second electrode array, and at least
one bead-shaped member defining a through opening; wherein said
wire-shaped electrode passes through said through opening and an
outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode maybe at least
partially frictionally cleaned by movement of said bead-shaped
member along a length of said wire-shaped electrode.
17. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 16,
wherein said through opening has a characteristic selected from a
group consisting of: (a) said through opening is formed through a
geometric center of said bead-shaped member, (b) said through
opening is formed parallel to but offset from a longitudinal axis
of said bead-shaped member, (c) said through opening is formed
offset from at inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of said
bead-shaped member, (d) a cross-section of said through opening is
circular, and (e) a cross-section of said through opening is
non-circular.
18. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 16,
wherein a diameter of said through opening exceeds a diameter of
said wire-shaped electrode by at least 0.5 mm.
19. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 16,
wherein: a bottom end of said wire-shaped electrode is retained in
a pylon; and said bead-shaped member is bell-shaped such that when
in a bottomost position along said wire-shaped electrode, an air
gap exists between an outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode
and an inner surface of said bead-shaped member.
20. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 16,
wherein: said bead-shaped member is bell-shaped such that when in a
bottomost position along said wire-shaped electrode, an air gap
exists between an outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode and
an inner surface of said bead-shaped member.
21. An electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner, comprising: a
housing; a first electrode array including at least one wire-shaped
electrode, disposed in said housing; a second electrode array,
removably disposed in said housing, having a base member and
including at least one electrode disposed relative to said
wire-shaped electrode in said first electrode array; a source of
high voltage disposed in said housing, providing a potential
difference between said first electrode array and said second
electrode array; and means, attached to said base member, for
frictionally cleaning said wire-shaped electrode whenever said base
member of said second electrode array is moved within said
housing.
22. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 21,
wherein said means for frictionally cleaning includes a strip of
flexible electrically insulating material having a first end
attached to said base member, and having a second end that defines
a slit; said strip extending from said base toward and beyond said
first electrode array such that said wire-shaped electrode fits
frictionally within said slit when said second electrode array is
disposed in said housing.
23. The electro-kinetic transport-conditioner of claim 22, wherein
said strip has at least one characteristic selected from a group
consisting of (a) said strip includes a polyester film, (b) said
strip includes a polyimide film, (c) said strip has a strip
thickness of about 0.1 mm, (d) slit has a slit length of at least
0.25", and (e) said slit has a slit width less than a thickness of
said wire-shaped electrode.
24. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 22,
wherein: said first electrode array includes a plurality of
wire-shaped electrodes; and said strip defines a plurality of
slits, one of said slits being disposed to frictionally engage one
of said wire-shaped electrodes in said first electrode array.
25. The electro-kinetic transport-conditioner of claim 22, wherein
an inside bottom surface of said housing includes an upwardly
projecting vane disposed to deflect said second end of said strip
upwardly and away from said wire-shaped electrode when said second
electrode array is fully disposed in said housing.
26. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 25,
further including a barrier wall mounted on said inside bottom
surface, said barrier wall disposed between a bottommost portion of
said first array and a bottommost portion of said second array.
27. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 21,
further including a bead having a through opening, disposed such
that said wire-shaped electrode passes through said through
opening; wherein friction between an inner surface of said through
opening and an exterior surface of said wire-shaped electrode can
clean said exterior surface of said wire-shaped electrode.
28. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 21,
wherein said means for frictionally cleaning includes: an arm, made
of electrically insulating material, having a first distal end and
a second end that is biasedly pivotably attached to said base; and
a strip of flexible electrically insulating material having a first
end attached to first distal end of said arm, and having a second
end that defines a slit; said arm and said strip extending from
said base toward and beyond said first electrode array such that
said wire-shaped electrode fits frictionally within said slit when
said second electrode array is disposed in said housing.
29. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 28,
wherein said arm is pivotably biased towards an angle of about 90
degree relative to longitudinal axis of said second electrode
array.
30. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 28,
wherein an inside bottom portion of said housing includes an
upwardly projecting vane disposed to deflect said first distal end
of said arm upwardly and away from said wire-shaped electrode when
said second electrode array is fully disposed in said housing.
31. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 30,
wherein: said base of said second electrode array includes a
downwardly projecting member; said inside bottom portion of said
housing defines an opening sized to receive said projecting member
of said base when said second electrode array is fully inserted
into said housing; wherein said arm and said strip attached thereto
are pivoted upward and parallel to a longitudinal axis of said
second electrode array.
32. An electrode cleaner for use with an electro-kinetic
transporter-conditioner that includes a first electrode array
including at least one wire-shaped electrode, and a removable
second electrode array having a base member and including at one
electrode disposed relative to said wire-shaped electrode in said
first electrode array, the electrode cleaner comprising: a strip of
flexible electrically insulating material having a first end
attached to said base member, and having a second end that defines
a slit; said strip extending from said base toward and beyond said
first electrode array such that said wire-shaped electrode fits
frictionally within said slit when said second electrode array is
disposed for operation of said electro-kinetic
transporter-conditioner; wherein movement of said base member
causes said slit in said strip to frictionally scrape an outer
surface of said wire-shaped electrode.
33. The electrode cleaner of claim 32, further including: means for
deflecting at least the slit-containing end of said strip into a
positioned parallel to a longitudinal axis of said wire-shaped
electrode when said electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner is in
operation.
34. The electrode cleaner of claim 33, wherein said means for
deflecting includes a vane disposed within said
transporter-conditioner such that during operation of said
transporter-conditioner a distal portion of said vane contacts and
so deflects said slit-containing end of said strip.
35. The electrode cleaner of claim 33, wherein said means for
deflecting includes a biased pivot mechanism that attaches said
strip to a base of said second electrode array.
36. An electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner, comprising: a
housing; a first electrode array including at least one wire-shaped
electrode, disposed in said housing; a second electrode array,
removably disposed in said housing, having abase member and
including at least one electrode disposed relative to said
wire-shaped electrode in said first electrode array; a source of
high voltage providing a potential difference between said first
electrode array and said second electrode array, and at least one
bead-shaped member defining a through opening; wherein said
wire-shaped electrode passes through said through opening and an
outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode may be at least
partially frictionally cleaned by movement of said bead-shaped
member along a length of said wire-shaped electrode.
37. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 36,
wherein said through opening has a characteristic selected from a
group consisting of(a) said through opening is formed through a
geometric center of said bead-shaped member, (b) said through
opening is formed parallel to but offset from a longitudinal axis
of said bead-shaped member, (c) said through opening is formed
offset from at inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of said
bead-shaped member, (d) a cross-section of said through opening is
circular, and (e) a cross-section of said through opening is
non-circular.
38. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 36,
wherein a diameter of said through opening exceeds a diameter of
said wire-shaped electrode by at least 0.5 mm.
39. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 36,
wherein: a bottom end of said wire-shaped electrode is retained in
a pylon; and said bead-shaped member is bell-shaped such that when
in a bottomost position along said wire-shaped electrode, an air
gap exists between an outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode
and an inner surface of said bead-shaped member.
40. The electro-kinetic transporter-conditioner of claim 36,
wherein: said bead-shaped member is bell-shaped such that when in a
bottomost position along said wire-shaped electrode, an air gap
exists between an outer surface of said wire-shaped electrode and
an inner surface of said bead-shaped member.
Description
PRIORITY CLAIM TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of, and claims priority
to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/924,624, filed Aug. 8,
2001, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09/564,960, filed May 4, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,350,417), which
is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09/186,471, filed Nov. 5, 1998 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977).
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates generally to devices that produce
ozone and an electro-kinetic flow of air from which particulate
matter has been substantially removed, and more particularly to
cleaning the wire or wire-like electrodes present in such
devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The use of an electric motor to rotate a fan blade to create
an air flow has long been known in the art. Unfortunately, such
fans produce substantial noise, and can present a hazard to
children who may be tempted to poke a finger or a pencil into the
moving fan blade. Although such fans can produce substantial air
flow, e.g., 1,000 ft.sup.3/minute or more, substantial electrical
power is required to operate the motor, and essentially no
conditioning of the flowing air occurs.
[0004] It is known to provide such fans with a HEPA-compliant
filter element to remove particulate matter larger than perhaps 0.3
.mu.m. Unfortunately, the resistance to air flow presented by the
filter element may require doubling the electric motor size to
maintain a desired level of airflow. Further, HEPA-compliant filter
elements are expensive, and can represent a substantial portion of
the sale price of a HEPA-compliant filter-fan unit. While such
filter-fan units can condition the air by removing large particles,
particulate matter small enough to pass through the filter element
is not removed, including bacteria, for example.
[0005] It is also known in the art to produce an air flow using
electro-kinetic techniques, by which electrical power is directly
converted into a flow of air without mechanically moving
components. One such system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,801
to Lee (1988), depicted herein in simplified form as FIGS. 1A and
1B. Lee's system 10 includes an array of small area
("minisectional") electrodes 20 that is spaced-apart symmetrically
from an array of larger area ("maxisectional") electrodes 30. The
positive terminal of a pulse generator 40 that outputs a train of
high voltage pulses (e.g., 0 to perhaps +5 KV) is coupled to the
minisectional array, and the negative pulse generator terminal is
coupled to the maxisectional array.
[0006] The high voltage pulses ionize the air between the arrays,
and an air flow 50 from the minisectional array toward the
maxisectional array results, without requiring any moving parts.
Particulate matter 60 in the air is entrained within the airflow 50
and also moves towards the maxisectional electrodes 30. Much of the
particulate matter is electrostatically attracted to the surface of
the maxisectional electrode array, where it remains, thus
conditioning the flow of air exiting system 10. Further, the high
voltage field present between the electrode arrays can release
ozone into the ambient environment, which appears to destroy or at
least alter whatever is entrained in the airflow, including for
example, bacteria.
[0007] In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, minisectional electrodes 20
are circular in cross-section, having a diameter of about 0.003"
(0.08 mm), whereas the maxisectional electrodes 30 are
substantially larger in area and define a "teardrop" shape in
cross-section. The ratio of cross-sectional radii of curvature
between the maxisectional and minisectional electrodes is not
explicitly stated, but from Lee's figures appears to exceed 10:1.
As shown in FIG. 1A herein, the bulbous front surfaces of the
maxisectional electrodes face the minisectional electrodes, and the
somewhat sharp trailing edges face the exit direction of the air
flow. The "sharpened" trailing edges on the maxisectional
electrodes apparently promote good electrostatic attachment of
particular matter entrained in the airflow. Lee does not disclose
how the teardrop shaped maxisectional electrodes are fabricated,
but presumably they are produced using a relatively expensive
mold-casting or an extrusion process.
[0008] In another embodiment shown herein as FIG. 1B, Lee's
maxisectional sectional electrodes 30 are symmetrical and elongated
in cross-section. The elongated trailing edges on the maxisectional
electrodes provide increased area upon which particulate matter
entrained in the airflow can attach. Lee states that precipitation
efficiency and desired reduction of anion release into the
environment can result from including a passive third array of
electrodes 70. Understandably, increasing efficiency by adding a
third array of electrodes will contribute to the cost of
manufacturing and maintaining the resultant system.
[0009] While the electrostatic techniques disclosed by Lee are
advantageous over conventional electric fan-filter units, Lee's
maxisectional electrodes are relatively expensive to fabricate.
Further, increased filter efficiency beyond what Lee's embodiments
can produce would be advantageous, especially without including a
third array of electrodes.
[0010] The invention in applicants' parent application provided a
first and second electrode array configuration electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner having improved efficiency over Lee-type
systems, without requiring expensive production techniques to
fabricate the electrodes. The condition also permitted
user-selection of safe amounts of ozone to be generated.
[0011] The second array electrodes were intended to collect
particulate matter, and to be user-removable from the
transporter-conditioner for regular cleaning to remove such matter
from the electrode surfaces. The user must take care, however, to
ensure that if the second array electrodes were cleaned with water,
that the electrodes are thoroughly dried before reinsertion into
the transporter-conditioner unit. If the unit were turned on while
moisture from newly cleaned electrodes was allowed to pool within
the unit, and moisture wicking could result in high voltage arcing
from the first to the second electrode arrays, with possible damage
to the unit.
[0012] The wire or wire-like electrodes in the first electrode
array are less robust than the second array electrodes. (The terms
"wire" and "wire-like" shall be used interchangeably herein to mean
an electrode either made from a wire or, if thicker or stiffer than
a wire, having the appearance of a wire.) In embodiments in which
the first array electrodes were user-removable from the
transporter-conditioner unit, care was required during cleaning to
prevent excessive force from simply snapping the wire electrodes.
But eventually the first array electrodes can accumulate a
deposited layer or coating of fine ash-like material. If this
deposit is allowed to accumulate eventually efficiency of the
conditioner-transporter will be degraded. Further, for reasons not
entirely understood, such deposits can produce an audible
oscillation that can be annoying to persons near the
conditioner-transporter.
[0013] Thus there is a need for a mechanism by a
conditioner-transporter unit can be protected against moisture
pooling in the unit as a result of user cleaning. Further there is
a need for a mechanism by which the wire electrodes in the first
electrode array of a conditioner-transporter can be periodically
cleaned. Preferably such cleaning mechanism should be
straightforward to implement, should not require removal of the
first array electrodes from the conditioner-transporter, and should
be operable by a user on a periodic basis.
[0014] The present invention provides such a method and
apparatus.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0015] Applicants' parent application provides an electro-kinetic
system for transporting and conditioning air without moving parts.
The air is conditioned in the sense that it is ionized and contains
safe amounts of ozone. The electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner disclosed therein includes a louvered or
grilled body that houses an ionizer unit. The ionizer unit includes
a high voltage DC inverter that boosts common 110 VAC to high
voltage, and a generator that receives the high voltage DC and
outputs high voltage pulses of perhaps 10 KV peak-to-peak, although
an essentially 100% duty cycle (e.g.,high voltage DC) output could
be used instead of pulses. The unit also includes an electrode
assembly unit comprising first and second spaced-apart arrays of
conducting electrodes, the first array and second array being
coupled, respectively, preferably to the positive and negative
output ports of the high voltage generator.
[0016] The electrode assembly preferably is formed using first and
second arrays of readily manufacturable electrode configurations.
In the embodiments relevant to this present application, the first
array included wire (or wire-like) electrodes. The second array
comprised "U"-shaped or "L"-shaped electrodes having one or two
trailing surfaces and intentionally large outer surface areas upon
which to collect particulate matter in the air. In the preferred
embodiments, the ratio between effective radii of curvature of the
second array electrodes to the first array electrodes was at least
about 20:1.
[0017] The high voltage pulses create an electric field between the
first and second electrode arrays. This field produces an
electro-kinetic airflow going from the first array toward the
second array, the airflow being rich in preferably a net surplus of
negative ions and in ozone. Ambient air including dust particles
and other undesired components (germs, perhaps) enter the housing
through the grill or louver openings, and ionized clean air (with
ozone) exits through openings on the downstream side of the
housing.
[0018] The dust and other particulate matter attaches
electrostatically to the second array (or collector) electrodes,
and the output air is substantially clean of such particulate
matter. Further, ozone generated by the transporter-conditioner
unit can kill certain types of germs and the like, and also
eliminates odors in the output air. Preferably the transporter
operates in periodic bursts, and a control permits the user to
temporarily increase the high voltage pulse generator output, e.g.,
to more rapidly eliminate odors in the environment.
[0019] Applicants' parent application provided second array
electrode units that were very robust and user-removable from the
transporter-conditioner unit for cleaning. These second array
electrode units could simply be slid up and out of the
transporter-conditioner unit, and wiped clean with a moist cloth,
and returned to the unit. However on occasion, if electrode units
are returned to the transporter-conditioner unit while still wet
(from cleaning), moisture pooling can reduce resistance between the
first and second electrode arrays to where high voltage arcing
results.
[0020] Another problem is that over time the wire electrodes in the
first electrode array become dirty and can accumulate a deposited
layer or coating of fine ash-like material. This accumulated
material on the first array electrodes can eventually reduce
ionization efficiency. Further, this accumulated coating can also
result in the transporter-conditioner unit producing 500 Hz to 5
KHz audible oscillations that can annoy people in the same room as
the unit.
[0021] In a first embodiment, the present invention extends one or
more thin flexible sheets of Mylar or Kapton type material from the
lower portion of the removable second array electrode unit. This
sheet or sheets faces the first array electrodes and is nominally
in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first and
second array electrodes. Such sheet material has high voltage
breakdown, high dielectric constant, can withstand high
temperature, and is flexible. A slit is cut in the distal edge of
this sheet for each first array electrode such that each wire first
array electrode fits into a slit in this sheet. Whenever the user
removes the second electrode array from the transporter-conditioner
unit, the sheet of material is also removed. However in the removal
process, the sheet of material is also pulled upward, and friction
between the inner slit edge surrounding each wire tends to scrape
off any coating on the first array electrode. When the second array
electrode unit is reinserted into the transporter-conditioner unit,
the slits in the sheet automatically surround the associated first
electrode array electrode. Thus, there is an up and down scraping
action on the first electrode array electrodes whenever the second
array electrode unit is removed from, or simply moved up and down
within, the transporter-conditioner unit.
[0022] Optionally, upwardly projecting pillars can be disposed on
the inner bottom surface of the transporter-conditioner unit to
deflect the distal edge of the sheet material upward, away from the
first array electrodes when the second array electrode unit is
fully inserted. This feature reduces the likelihood of the sheet
itself lowering the resistance between the two electrode
arrays.
[0023] In a presently preferred embodiment, the lower ends of the
second array electrodes are mounted to a retainer that includes
pivotable arms to which a strip of Mylar or Kapton type material is
attached. The distal edge of each strip includes a slit, and the
each strip (and the slit therein) is disposed to self-align with an
associated wire electrode. A pedestal extends downward from the
base of the retainer, and when fully inserted in the
transporter-conditioner unit, the pedestal extends into a pedestal
opening in a sub-floor of the unit. The first electrode array
facing walls of the pedestal opening urge the arms and the strip on
each arm to pivot upwardly, from a horizontal to a vertical
disposition. This configuration can improve resistance between the
electrode arrays.
[0024] Yet another embodiment provides a cleaning mechanism for the
wires in the first electrode array in which one or more bead-like
members surrounds each wire, the wire electrode passing through a
channel in the bead. When the transporter-conditioner unit is
inverted, top-for-bottom and then bottom-for-top, the beads slide
the length of the wire they surround, scraping off debris in the
process. The beads embodiments maybe combined with any or all of
the various sheets embodiments to provide mechanisms allowing a
user to safely clean the wire electrodes in the first electrode
array in a transporter-conditioner unit.
[0025] Other features and advantages of the invention will appear
from the following description in which the preferred embodiments
have been set forth in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1A is a plan, cross-sectional view, of a first
embodiment of a prior art electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner system, according to the prior art;
[0027] FIG. 1B is a plan, cross-sectional view, of a second
embodiment of a prior art electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner system, according to the prior art;
[0028] FIG.2A is an perspective view of a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 2A,
with the second array electrode assembly partially withdrawn
depicting a mechanism for self-cleaning the first array electrode
assembly, according to the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of the present
invention;
[0031] FIG. 4A is a perspective block diagram showing a first
embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present
invention;
[0032] FIG. 4B is a plan block diagram of the embodiment of FIG.
4A;
[0033] FIG. 4C is a perspective block diagram showing a second
embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present
invention;
[0034] FIG. 4D is a plan block diagram of a modified version of the
embodiment of FIG. 4C;
[0035] FIG. 4E is a perspective block diagram showing a third
embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present
invention;
[0036] FIG. 4F is a plan block diagram of the embodiment of FIG.
4E;
[0037] FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an electrode assembly
depicting a first embodiment of a mechanism to clean first
electrode array electrodes, according to the present invention;
[0038] FIG. 5B is a side view depicting an electrode cleaning
mechanism as shown in FIG. 5A, according to the present
invention;
[0039] FIG. 5C is a plan view of the electrode cleaning mechanism
shown in FIG. 5B, according to the present invention;
[0040] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a pivotable electrode
cleaning mechanism, according to the present invention;
[0041] FIGS. 6B-6D depict the cleaning mechanism of FIG. 6A in
various positions, according to the present invention;
[0042] FIGS. 7A-7E depict cross-sectional views of bead-like
mechanisms to clean first electrode array electrodes, according to
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0043] FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an electro-kinetic air
transporter-conditioner system 100 whose housing 102 includes
preferably rear-located intake vents or louvers 104 and preferably
front and side-located exhaust vents 106, and abase pedestal 108.
Internal to the transporter housing is an ion generating unit 160,
preferably powered by an AC:DC power supply that is energizable or
excitable using switch S1. Ion generating unit 160 is
self-contained in that other than ambient air, nothing is required
from beyond the transporter housing, save external operating
potential, for operation of the present invention.
[0044] The upper surface of housing 102 includes a user-liftable
handle member 112 to which is affixed a second array 240 of
electrodes 242 within an electrode assembly 220. Electrode assembly
220 also comprises a first array of electrodes 230, shown here as a
single wire or wire-like electrode 232. In the embodiment shown,
lifting member 112 upward lifts second array electrodes 240 up and,
if desired, out of unit 100, while the first electrode array 230
remains within unit 100. In FIG. 2B, the bottom ends of second
array electrode 242 are connected to a member 113, to which is
attached a mechanism 500 for cleaning the first electrode array
electrodes, here electrode 232, whenever handle member 112 is moved
upward or downward by a user. FIGS. 5A-7E, described later herein,
provide further details as to various mechanisms 500 for cleaning
wire or wire-like electrodes 232 in the first electrode array 230,
and for maintaining high resistance between the first and second
electrode arrays 220, 230 even if some moisture is allowed to pool
within the bottom interior of unit 100.
[0045] The first and second arrays of electrodes are coupled in
series between the output terminals of ion generating unit 160, as
best seen in FIG. 3. The ability to lift handle 112 provides ready
access to the electrodes comprising the electrode assembly, for
purposes of cleaning and, if necessary, replacement.
[0046] The general shape of the invention shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B
is not critical. The top-to-bottom height of the preferred
embodiment is perhaps 1 m, with a left-to-right width of perhaps 15
cm, and a front-to-back depth of perhaps 10 cm, although other
dimensions and shapes may of course be used. A louvered
construction provides ample inlet and outlet venting in an
economical housing configuration. There need be no real distinction
between vents 104 and 106, except their location relative to the
second array electrodes, and indeed a common vent could be used.
These vents serve to ensure that an adequate flow of ambient air
may be drawn into or made available to the unit 100, and that an
adequate flow of ionized air that includes safe amounts of O.sub.3
flows out from unit 130.
[0047] As will be described, when unit 100 is energized with S1,
high voltage output by ion generator 160 produces ions at the first
electrode array, which ions are attracted to the second electrode
array. The movement of the ions in an "IN" to "OUT" direction
carries with them air molecules, thus electro kinetically producing
an outflow of ionized air. The "IN" notion in FIGS. 2A and 2B
denote the intake of ambient air with particulate matter 60. The
"OUT" notation in the figures denotes the outflow of cleaned air
substantially devoid of the particulate matter, which adheres
electrostatically to the surface of the second array electrodes. In
the process of generating the ionized air flow, safe amounts of
ozone (O.sub.3) are beneficially produced. It maybe desired to
provide the inner surface of housing 102 with an electrostatic
shield to reduces detectable electromagnetic radiation. For
example, a metal shield could be disposed within the housing, or
portions of the interior of the housing could be coated with a
metallic paint to reduce such radiation.
[0048] As best seen in FIG. 3, ion generating unit 160 includes a
high voltage generator unit 170 and circuitry 180 for converting
raw alternating voltage (e.g., 117 VAC) into direct current ("DC")
voltage. Circuitry 180 preferably includes circuitry controlling
the shape and/or duty cycle of the generator unit output voltage
(which control is altered with user switch S2). Circuitry 180
preferably also includes a pulse mode component, coupled to switch
S3, to temporarily provide a burst of increased output ozone.
Circuitry 180 can also include a timer circuit and a visual
indicator such as a light emitting diode ("LED"). The LED or other
indicator (including, if desired, audible indicator) signals when
ion generation is occurring. The timer can automatically halt
generation of ions and/or ozone after some predetermined time,
e.g., 30 minutes. indicator(s), and/or audible indicator(s).
[0049] As shown in FIG. 3, high voltage generator unit 170
preferably comprises a low voltage oscillator circuit 190 of
perhaps 20 KHz frequency, that outputs low voltage pulses to an
electronic switch 200, e.g., a thyristor or the like. Switch 200
switchably couples the low voltage pulses to the input winding of a
step-up transformer T1. The secondary winding of T1 is coupled to a
high voltage multiplier circuit 210 that outputs high voltage
pulses. Preferably the circuitry and components comprising high
voltage pulse generator 170 and circuit 180 are fabricated on a
printed circuit board that is mounted within housing 102. If
desired, external audio input (e.g., from a stereo tuner) could be
suitably coupled to oscillator 190 to acoustically modulate the
kinetic airflow produced by unit 160. The result would be an
electrostatic loudspeaker, whose output air flow is audible to the
human ear in accordance with the audio input signal. Further, the
output air stream would still include ions and ozone.
[0050] Output pulses from high voltage generator 170 preferably are
at least 10 KV peak-to-peak with an effective DC offset of perhaps
half the peak-to-peak voltage, and have a frequency of perhaps 20
KHz. The pulse train output preferably has a duty cycle of perhaps
10%, which will promote battery lifetime. Of course, different
peak-peak amplitudes, DC offsets, pulse train waveshapes, duty
cycle, and/or repetition frequencies may instead be used. Indeed, a
100% pulse train (e.g., an essentially DC high voltage) maybe used,
albeit with shorter battery lifetime. Thus, generator unit 170 may
(but need not) be referred to as a high voltage pulse
generator.
[0051] Frequency of oscillation is not especially critical but
frequency of at least about 20 KHz is preferred as being inaudible
to humans. If pets will be in the same room as the unit 100, it
maybe desired to utilize an even higher operating frequency, to
prevent pet discomfort and/or howling by the pet. As noted with
respect to FIGS. 5A-6E, to reduce likelihood of audible
oscillations, it is desired to include at least one mechanism to
clean the first electrode array 230 elements 232.
[0052] The output from high voltage pulse generator unit 170 is
coupled to an electrode assembly 220 that comprises a first
electrode array 230 and a second electrode array 240. Unit 170
functions as a DC:DC high voltage generator, and could be
implemented using other circuitry and/or techniques to output high
voltage pulses that are input to electrode assembly 220.
[0053] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the positive output terminal of
unit 170 is coupled to first electrode array 230, and the negative
output terminal is coupled to second electrode array 240. This
coupling polarity has been found to work well, including minimizing
unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum. An electrostatic flow
of air is created, going from the first electrode array towards the
second electrode array. (This flow is denoted "OUT" in the
figures.) Accordingly electrode assembly 220 is mounted within
transporter system 100 such that second electrode array 240 is
closer to the OUT vents and first electrode array 230 is closer to
the IN vents.
[0054] When voltage or pulses from high voltage pulse generator 170
are coupled across first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240,
it is believed that a plasma-like field is created surrounding
electrodes 232 in first array 230. This electric field ionizes the
ambient air between the first and second electrode arrays and
establishes an "OUT" airflow that moves towards the second array.
It is understood that the IN flow enters via vent(s) 104, and that
the OUT flow exits via vent(s) 106.
[0055] It is believed that ozone and ions are generated
simultaneously by the first array electrode(s) 232, essentially as
a function of the potential from generator 170 coupled to the first
array. Ozone generation maybe increased or decreased by increasing
or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an
opposite polarity potential to the second array electrode(s) 242
essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first
array, producing the air flow denoted as "OUT" in the figures. As
the ions move toward the second array, it is believed that they
push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative
velocity of this motion may be increased by decreasing the
potential at the second array relative to the potential at the
first array.
[0056] For example, if +10 KV were applied to the first array
electrode(s), and no potential were applied to the second array
electrode(s), a cloud of ions (whose net charge is positive) would
form adjacent the first electrode array. Further, the relatively
high 10 KV potential would generate substantial ozone. By coupling
a relatively negative potential to the second array electrode(s),
the velocity of the air mass moved by the net emitted ions
increases, as momentum of the moving ions is conserved.
[0057] On the other hand, if it were desired to maintain the same
effective outflow (OUT) velocity but to generate less ozone, the
exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode
arrays. For example, generator 170 could provide +4 KV (or some
other fraction) to the first array electrode(s) and -6 KV (or some
other fraction) to the second array electrode(s). In this example,
it is understood that the +4 KV and the -6 KV are measured relative
to ground. Understandably it is desired that the unit 100 operate
to output safe amounts of ozone. Accordingly, the high voltage is
preferably fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to the first
array electrode(s) and about -6 KV applied to the second array
electrodes.
[0058] As noted, outflow (OUT) preferably includes safe amounts of
O.sub.3 that can destroy or at least substantially alter bacteria,
germs, and other living (or quasi-living) matter subjected to the
outflow. Thus, when switch S1 is closed and B1 has sufficient
operating potential, pulses from high voltage pulse generator unit
170 create an outflow (OUT) of ionized air and O.sub.3. When S1 is
closed, LED will visually signal when ionization is occurring.
[0059] Preferably operating parameters of unit 100 are set during
manufacture and are not user-adjustable. For example, increasing
the peak-to-peak output voltage and/or duty cycle in the high
voltage pulses generated by unit 170 can increase air flowrate, ion
content, and ozone content. In the preferred embodiment, output
flowrate is about 200 feet/minute, ion content is about
2,000,000/cc and ozone content is about 40 ppb (over ambient) to
perhaps 2,000 ppb (over ambient). Decreasing the R2/R1 ratio below
about 20:1 will decrease flow rate, as will decreasing the
peak-to-peak voltage and/or duty cycle of the high voltage pulses
coupled between the first and second electrode arrays.
[0060] In practice, unit 100 is placed in a room and connected to
an appropriate source of operating potential, typically 117 VAC.
With S1 energized, ionization unit 160 emits ionized air and
preferably some ozone (O.sub.3) via outlet vents 150. The air flow,
coupled with the ions and ozone freshens the air in the room, and
the ozone can beneficially destroy or at least diminish the
undesired effects of certain odors, bacteria, germs, and the like.
The air flow is indeed electro-kinetically produced, in that there
are no intentionally moving parts within unit 100. (As noted, some
mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes.) As will be
described with respect to FIG. 4A, it is desirable that unit 100
actually output a net surplus of negative ions, as these ions are
deemed more beneficial to health than are positive ions.
[0061] Having described various aspects of the invention in
general, preferred embodiments of electrode assembly 220 will now
be described. In the various embodiments, electrode assembly 220
will comprise a first array 230 of at least one electrode 232, and
will further comprise a second array 240 of preferably at least one
electrode 242. Understandably material(s) for electrodes 232 and
242 should conduct electricity, be resilient to corrosive effects
from the application of high voltage, yet be strong enough to be
cleaned.
[0062] In the various electrode assemblies to be described herein,
electrode(s) 232 in the first electrode array 230 are preferably
fabricated from tungsten. Tungsten is sufficiently robust to
withstand cleaning, has a high melting point to retard breakdown
due to ionization, and has a rough exterior surface that seems to
promote efficient ionization. On the other hand, electrodes 242
preferably will have a highly polished exterior surface to minimize
unwanted point-to-point radiation. As such, electrodes 242
preferably are fabricated from stainless steel, brass, among other
materials. The polished surface of electrodes 232 also promotes
ease of electrode cleaning.
[0063] In contrast to the prior art electrodes disclosed by Lee,
electrodes 232 and 242, electrodes used in unit 100 are light
weight, easy to fabricate, and lend themselves to mass production.
Further, electrodes 232 and 242 described herein promote more
efficient generation of ionized air, and production of safe amounts
of ozone, O.sub.3.
[0064] In unit 100, a high voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled
between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode
array 240. The high voltage pulses produce a flow of ionized air
that travels in the direction from the first array towards the
second array (indicated herein by hollow arrows denoted "OUT"). As
such, electrode(s) 232 maybe referred to as an emitting electrode,
and electrodes 242 maybe referred to as collector electrodes. This
outflow advantageously contains safe amounts of O.sub.3, and exits
unit 100 from vent(s) 106.
[0065] It is preferred that the positive output terminal or port of
the high voltage pulse generator be coupled to electrodes 232, and
that the negative output terminal or port be coupled to electrodes
242. It is believed that the net polarity of the emitted ions is
positive, e.g., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted.
In any event, the preferred electrode assembly electrical coupling
minimizes audible hum from electrodes 232 contrasted with reverse
polarity (e.g., interchanging the positive and negative output port
connections).
[0066] However, while generation of positive ions is conducive to a
relatively silent air flow, from a health standpoint, it is desired
that the output air flow be richer in negative ions, not positive
ions.
[0067] It is noted that in some embodiments, however, one port
(preferably the negative port) of the high voltage pulse generator
may in fact be the ambient air. Thus, electrodes in the second
array need not be connected to the high voltage pulse generator
using wire. Nonetheless, there will be an "effective connection"
between the second array electrodes and one output port of the high
voltage pulse generator, in this instance, via ambient air.
[0068] Turning now to the embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 4B, electrode
assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of wire electrodes 232,
and a second array 240 of generally "U"-shaped electrodes 242. In
preferred embodiments, the number N1 of electrodes comprising the
first array will preferably differ by one relative to the number N2
of electrodes comprising the second array. In many of the
embodiments shown, N2>N1. However, if desired, in FIG. 4A,
addition first electrodes 232 could be added at the out ends of
array 230 such that N1>N2, e.g., five electrodes 232 compared to
four electrodes 242.
[0069] Electrodes 232 are preferably lengths of tungsten wire,
whereas electrodes 242 are formed from sheet metal, preferably
stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal could be used.
The sheet metal is readily formed to define side regions 244 and
bulbous nose region 246 for hollow elongated "U" shaped electrodes
242. While FIG. 4A depicts four electrodes 242 in second array 240
and three electrodes 232 in first array 230, as noted, other
numbers of electrodes in each array could be used, preferably
retaining a symmetrically staggered configuration as shown. It is
seen in FIG. 4A that while particulate matter 60 is present in the
incoming (IN) air, the outflow (OUT) air is substantially devoid of
particulate matter, which adheres to the preferably large surface
area provided by the second array electrodes (see FIG. 4B).
[0070] As best seen in FIG. 4B, the spaced-apart configuration
between the arrays is staggered such that each first array
electrode 232 is substantially equidistant from two second array
electrodes 242. This symmetrical staggering has been found to be an
especially efficient electrode placement. Preferably the staggering
geometry is symmetrical in that adjacent electrodes 232 or adjacent
electrodes 242 are spaced-apart a constant distance, Y1 and Y2
respectively. However, a non-symmetrical configuration could also
be used, although ion emission and air flow would likely be
diminished. Also, it is understood that the number of electrodes
232 and 242 may differ from what is shown.
[0071] In FIGS. 4A, typically dimensions are as follows: diameter
of electrodes 232 is about 0.08 mm, distances Y1 and Y2 are each
about 16 mm, distance X1 is about 16 mm, distance L is about 20 mm,
and electrode heights Z1 and Z2 are each about 1 m. The width W of
electrodes 242 is preferably about 4 mm, and the thickness of the
material from which electrodes 242 are formed is about 0.5 mm. Of
course other dimensions and shapes could be used. It is preferred
that electrodes 232 be small in diameter to help establish a
desired high voltage field. On the other hand, it is desired that
electrodes 232 (as well as electrodes 242) be sufficiently robust
to withstand occasional cleaning.
[0072] Electrodes 232 in first array 230 are coupled by a conductor
234 to a first (preferably positive) output port of high voltage
pulse generator 170, and electrodes 242 in second array 240 are
coupled by a conductor 244 to a second (preferably negative) output
port of generator 170. It is relatively unimportant where on the
various electrodes electrical connection is made to conductors 234
or 244. Thus, by way of example FIG. 4B depicts conductor 244
making connection with some electrodes 242 internal to bulbous end
246, while other electrodes 242 make electrical connection to
conductor 244 elsewhere on the electrode. Electrical connection to
the various electrodes 242 could also be made on the electrode
external surface providing no substantial impairment of the outflow
airstream results.
[0073] To facilitate removing the electrode assembly from unit 100
(as shown in FIG. 2B), it is preferred that the lower end of the
various electrodes fit against mating portions of wire or other
conductors 234 or 244. For example, "cup-like" members can be
affixed to wires 234 and 244 into which the free ends of the
various electrodes fit when electrode array 220 is inserted
completely into housing 102 of unit 100.
[0074] The ratio of the effective electric field emanating area of
electrode 232 to the nearest effective area of electrodes 242 is at
least about 15:1, and preferably is at least 20:1. Thus, in the
embodiment of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the ratio R2/R1.apprxeq.2
mm/0.04 mm.apprxeq.50:1.
[0075] In this and the other embodiments to be described herein,
ionization appears to occur at the smaller electrode(s) 232 in the
first electrode array 230, with ozone production occurring as a
function of high voltage arcing. For example, increasing the
peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and/or duty cycle of the pulses from
the high voltage pulse generator 170 can increase ozone content in
the output flow of ionized air. If desired, user-control S2 can be
used to somewhat vary ozone content by varying (in a safe manner)
amplitude and/or duty cycle. Specific circuitry for achieving such
control is known in the art and need not be described in detail
herein.
[0076] Note the inclusion in FIGS. 4A and 4B of at least one output
controlling electrode 243, preferably electrically coupled to the
same potential as the second array electrodes. Electrode 243
preferably defines a pointed shape in side profile, e.g., a
triangle. The sharp point on electrode(s) 243 causes generation of
substantial negative ions (since the electrode is coupled to
relatively negative high potential). These negative ions neutralize
excess positive ions otherwise present in the output air flow, such
that the OUT flow has a net negative charge. Electrode(s) 243
preferably are stainless steel, copper, or other conductor, and are
perhaps 20 mm high and about 12 mm wide at the base.
[0077] Another advantage of including pointed electrodes 243 is
that they may be stationarily mounted within the housing of unit
100, and thus are not readily reached by human hands when cleaning
the unit. Were it otherwise, the sharp point on electrode(s) 243
could easily cause cuts. The inclusion of one electrode 243 has
been found sufficient to provide a sufficient number of output
negative ions, but more such electrodes may be included.
[0078] In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4C, each "U"-shaped
electrode 242 has two trailing edges that promote efficient kinetic
transport of the outflow of ionized air and O.sub.3. Note the
inclusion on at least one portion of a trailing edge of a pointed
electrode region 243'. Electrode region 243' helps promote output
of negative ions, in the same fashion as was described with respect
to FIGS. 4A and 4B. Note, however, the higher likelihood of a user
cutting himself or herself when wiping electrodes 242 with a cloth
or the like to remove particulate matter deposited thereon. In FIG.
4C and the figures to follow, the particulate matter is omitted for
ease of illustration. However, from what was shown in FIGS. 2A-4B,
particulate matter will be present in the incoming air, and will be
substantially absent from the outgoing air. As has been described,
particulate matter 60 typically will be electrostatically
precipitated upon the surface area of electrodes 242. As indicated
by FIG. 4C, it is relatively unimportant where on an electrode
array electrical connection is made. Thus, first array electrodes
232 are shown connected together at their bottom regions, whereas
second array electrodes 242 are shown connected together in their
middle regions. Both arrays maybe connected together in more than
one region, e.g., at the top and at the bottom. It is preferred
that the wire or strips or other inter-connecting mechanisms be at
the top or bottom or periphery of the second array electrodes 242,
so as to minimize obstructing stream air movement.
[0079] Note that the embodiments of FIGS. 4C and 4D depict somewhat
truncated versions of electrodes 242. Whereas dimension L in the
embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B was about 20 mm, in FIGS. 4C and 4D,
L has been shortened to about 8 mm. Other dimensions in FIG. 4C
preferably are similar to those stated for FIGS. 4A and 4B. In
FIGS. 4C and 4D, the inclusion of point-like regions 246 on the
trailing edge of electrodes 242 seems to promote more efficient
generation of ionized air flow. It will be appreciated that the
configuration of second electrode array 240 in FIG. 4C can be more
robust than the configuration of FIGS. 4A and 4B, by virtue of the
shorter trailing edge geometry. As noted earlier, a symmetrical
staggered geometry for the first and second electrode arrays is
preferred for the configuration of FIG. 4C.
[0080] In the embodiment of FIG. 4D, the outermost second
electrodes, denoted 242-1 and 242-2, have substantially no
outermost trailing edges. Dimension L in FIG. 4D is preferably
about 3 mm, and other dimensions maybe as stated for the
configuration of FIGS. 4A and 4B. Again, the R2/R1 ratio for the
embodiment of FIG. 4D preferably exceeds about 20:1.
[0081] FIGS. 4E and 4F depict another embodiment of electrode
assembly 220, in which the first electrode array comprises a single
wire electrode 232, and the second electrode array comprises a
single pair of curved "L"-shaped electrodes 242, in cross-section.
Typical dimensions, where different than what has been stated for
earlier-described embodiments, are X1.apprxeq.12 mm, Y1.apprxeq.6
mm, Y2.apprxeq.5 mm, and L1.apprxeq.3 mm. The effective R2/R1 ratio
is again greater than about 20:1. The fewer electrodes comprising
assembly 220 in FIGS. 4E and 4F promote economy of construction,
and ease of cleaning, although more than one electrode 232, and
more than two electrodes 242 could of course be employed. This
embodiment again incorporates the staggered symmetry described
earlier, in which electrode 232 is equidistant from two electrodes
242.
[0082] Turning now to FIG. 5A, a first embodiment of an electrode
cleaning mechanism 500 is depicted. In the embodiment shown,
mechanism 500 comprises a flexible sheet of insulating material
such as Mylar or other high voltage, high temperature breakdown
resistant material, having sheet thickness of perhaps 0.1 mm or so.
Sheet 500 is attached at one end to the base or other mechanism 113
secured to the lower end of second electrode array 240. Sheet 500
extends or projects out from base 113 towards and beyond the
location of first electrode array 230 electrodes 232. The overall
projection length of sheet 500 in FIG. 5A will be sufficiently long
to span the distance between base 113 of the second array 240 and
the location of electrodes 232 in the first array 230. This span
distance will depend upon the electrode array configuration but
typically will be a few inches or so. Preferably the distal edge of
sheet 500 will extend slightly beyond the location of electrodes
232, perhaps 0.5" beyond. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5C, the distal
edge, e.g., edge closest to electrodes 232, of material 500 is
formed with a slot 510 corresponding to the location of an
electrode 232. Preferably the inward end of the slot forms a small
circle 520, which can promote flexibility.
[0083] The configuration of material 500 and slots 510 is such that
each wire or wire-like electrode 232 in the first electrode array
230 fits snugly and frictionally within a corresponding slot 510.
As indicated by FIG. 5A and shown in FIG. 5C, instead of a single
sheet 500 that includes a plurality of slots 510, instead one can
provide individual strips 515 of material 500, the distal end of
each strip having a slot 510 that will surround an associated wire
electrode 232. Note in FIGS. 5B and 5C that sheet 500 or sheets 515
maybe formed with holes 119 that can attach to pegs 117 that
project from the base portion 113 of the second electrode array
240. Of course other attachment mechanisms could be used including
glue, double-sided tape, inserting the array 240-facing edge of the
sheet into a horizontal slot or ledge in base member 113, and so
forth.
[0084] FIG. 5A shows second electrode array 240 in the process of
being moved upward, perhaps by a user intending to remove array 240
to remove particulate matter from the surfaces of its electrodes
242. Note that as array 240 moves up (or down), sheet 510 (or
sheets 515) also move up (or down). This vertical movement of array
240 produces a vertical movement in sheet 510 or 515, which causes
the outer surface of electrodes 232 to scrape against the inner
surfaces of an associated slot 510. FIG. 5A, for example, shows
debris and other deposits 612 (indicated by x's) on wires 232 above
sheet 500. As array 240 and sheet 500 move upward, debris 612 is
scraped off the wire electrodes, and falls downward (to be
vaporized or collected as particulate matter when unit 100 is again
reassembled and turned-on). Thus, the outer surface of electrodes
232 below sheet 500 in FIG. 5A is shown as being cleaner than the
surface of the same electrodes above sheet 500, where scraping
action has yet to occur.
[0085] A user hearing that excess noise or humming emanates from
unit 100 might simply turn the unit off, and slide array 240 (and
thus sheet 500 or sheets 515) up and down (as indicated by the
up/down arrows in FIG. 5A) to scrape the wire electrodes in the
first electrode array. This technique does not damage the wire
electrodes, and allows the user to clean as required.
[0086] As noted earlier, a user may remove second electrode array
240 for cleaning (thus also removing sheet 500, which will have
scraped electrodes 232 on its upward vertical path). If the user
cleans electrodes 242 with water and returns array 240 to unit 100
without first completely drying 240, moisture might form on the
upper surface of a horizontally disposed member 550 within unit
100. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5N, it is preferred that an upwardly
projecting vane 560 be disposed near the base of each electrode 232
such that when array 240 is fully inserted into unit 100, the
distal portion of sheet 500 or preferably sheet strips 515 deflect
upward. While sheet 500 or sheets 515 nominally will define an
angle .theta. of about 90.degree., as base 113 becomes fully
inserted into unit 100, the angle .theta. will increase,
approaching 0.degree., e.g., the sheet is extending almost
vertically upward. If desired, a portion of sheet 500 or sheet
strips 515 can be made stiffer by laminating two or more layers of
Mylar or other material. For example the distal tip of strip 515 in
FIG. 5B might be one layer thick, whereas the half or so of the
strip length nearest electrode 242 might be stiffened with an extra
layer or two of Mylar or similar material.
[0087] The inclusion of a projecting vane 560 in the configuration
of FIG. 5B advantageously disrupted physical contact between sheet
500 or sheet strips 515 and electrodes 232, thus tending to
preserve a high ohmic impedance between the first and second
electrode arrays 230, 240. The embodiment of FIGS. 6A-6D
advantageously serves to pivot sheet 500 or sheet strips 515
upward, essentially parallel to electrodes 232, to help maintain a
high impedance between the first and second electrode arrays. Note
the creation of an air gap 513 resulting from the upward deflection
of the slit distal tip of strip 515 in FIG. 5B.
[0088] In FIG. 6A, the lower edges of second array electrodes 242
are retained by a base member 113 from which project arms 677,
which can pivot about pivot axle 687. Preferably axle 687 biases
arms 677 into a horizontal disposition, e.g., such that
.theta..apprxeq.90.degree.. Arms 645 project from the longitudinal
axis of base member 113 to help member 113 align itself within an
opening 655 formed in member 550, described below. Preferably base
member 113 and arms 677 are formed from a material that exhibits
high voltage breakdown and can withstand high temperature. Ceramic
is a preferred material (if cost and weight were not considered),
but certain plastics could also be used. The unattached tip of each
arm 677 terminates in a sheet strip 515 of Mylar, Kapton, or a
similar material, whose distal tip terminates in a slot 510. It is
seen that the pivotable arms 677 and sheet strips 515 are disposed
such that each slot 510 will self-align with a wire or wire-like
electrode 232 in first array 230. Electrodes 232 preferably extend
from pylons 627 on a base member 550 that extends from legs 565
from the internal bottom of the housing of the transporter
conditioner unit. To further help maintain high impedance between
the first and second electrode arrays, base member 550 preferably
includes a barrier wall 665 and upwardly extending vanes 675. Vanes
675, pylons 627, and barrier wall 665 extend upward perhaps an inch
or so, depending upon the configuration of the two electrode be
formed integrally, e.g., by casting, from a material that exhibits
high voltage breakdown and can withstand high temperature, ceramic,
or certain plastics for example.
[0089] As best seen in FIG. 6A, base member 550 includes an opening
655 sized to receive the lower portion of second electrode array
base member 113. In FIGS. 6A and 6B, arms 677 and sheet material
515 are shown pivoting from base member 113 about axis 687 at an
angle .theta..apprxeq.90.degree.. In this disposition, an electrode
232 will be within the slot 510 formed at the distal tip of each
sheet material member 515.
[0090] Assume that a user had removed second electrode array 240
completely from the transporter-conditioner unit for cleaning, and
that FIG. 6A and 6B depict array 240 being reinserted into the
unit. The coiled spring or other bias mechanism associated with
pivot axle 687 will urge arms 677 into an approximate
.theta..apprxeq.90.degree. orientation as the user inserts array
240 into unit 100. Side projections 645 help base member 113 align
properly such that each wire or wire-like electrode 232 is caught
within the slot 510 of a member 515 on an arm 677. As the user
slides array 240 down into unit 100, there will be a scraping
action between the portions of sheet member 515 on either side of a
slot 510, and the outer surface of an electrode 232 that is
essentially captured within the slot. This friction will help
remove debris or deposits that may have formed on the surface of
electrodes 232. The user may slide array 240 up and down the
further promote the removal of debris or deposits from elements
232.
[0091] In FIG. 6C the user has slid array 240 down almost entirely
into unit 100. In the embodiment shown, when the lowest portion of
base member 232 is perhaps an inch or so above the planar surface
of member 550, the upward edge of a vane 675 will strike the a
lower surface region of a projection arm 677. The result will be to
pivot arm 677 and the attached slit-member 515 about axle 687 such
that the angle .theta. decreases. In the disposition shown in FIG.
6C, .theta..apprxeq.45.degree. and slit-contact with an associated
electrode 232 is no longer made.
[0092] In FIG. 6D, the user has firmly urged array 240 fully
downward into transporter-conditioner unit 100. In this
disposition, as the projecting bottommost portion of member 113
begins to enter opening 655 in member 550 (see FIG. 6A), contact
between the inner wall 657 portion of member 550 urges each arm 677
to pivot fully upward, e.g., .theta..apprxeq.0.degree.. Thus in the
fully inserted disposition shown in FIG. 6D, each slit electrode
cleaning member 515 is rotated upward parallel to its associated
electrode 232. As such, neither arm 677 nor member 515 will
decrease impedance between first and second electrode arrays 230,
240. Further, the presence of vanes 675 and barrier wall 665
further promote high impedance.
[0093] Thus, the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5A-6D depict
alternative configurations for a cleaning mechanism for a wire or
wire-like electrode in a transporter-conditioner unit.
[0094] Turning now to FIGS. 7A-7E, various bead-like mechanisms are
shown for cleaning deposits from the outer surface of wire
electrodes 232 in a first electrode array 230 in a
transporter-converter unit. In FIG. 7A a symmetrical bead 600 is
shown surrounding wire element 232, which is passed through bead
channel 610 at the time the first electrode array is fabricated.
Bead 600 is fabricated from a material that can withstand high
temperature and high voltage, and is not likely to char, ceramic or
glass, for example. While a metal bead would also work, an
electrically conductive bead material would tend slightly to
decrease the resistance path separating the first and second
electrode arrays, e.g., by approximately the radius of the metal
bead. In FIG. 7A, debris and deposits 612 on electrode 232 are
depicted as "x's". In FIG. 7A, bead 600 is moving in the direction
shown by the arrow relative to wire 232. Such movement can result
from the user inverting unit 100, e.g., turning the unit upside
down. As bead 600 slides in the direction of the arrow, debris and
deposits 612 scrape against the interior walls of channel 610 and
are removed. The removed debris can eventually collect at the
bottom interior of the transporter-conditioner unit. Such debris
will be broken down and vaporized as the unit is used, or will
accumulate as particulate matter on the surface of electrodes 242.
If wire 232 has a nominal diameter of say 0.1 mm, the diameter of
bead channel 610 will be several times larger, perhaps 0.8 mm or
so, although greater or lesser size tolerances may be used. Bead
600 need not be circular and may instead be cylindrical as shown by
bead 600' in FIG. 7A. A circular bead may have a diameter in the
range of perhaps 0.3" to perhaps 0.5". A cylindrical bead might
have a diameter of say 0.3" and be about 0.5" tall, although
different sizes could of course be used.
[0095] As indicated by FIG. 7A, an electrode 232 maybe strung
through more than one bead 600, 600'. Further, as shown by FIGS.
7B-7D, beads having different channel symmetries and orientations
maybe used as well. It is to be noted that while it maybe most
convenient to form channels 610 with circular cross-sections, the
cross-sections could in fact be non-circular, e.g., triangular,
square, irregular shape, etc.
[0096] FIG. 7B shows a bead 600 similar to that of FIG. 7A, but
wherein channel 610 is formed off-center to give asymmetry to the
bead. An off-center channel will have a mechanical moment and will
tend to slightly tension wire electrode 232 as the bead slides up
or down, and can improve cleaning characteristics. For ease of
illustration, FIGS. 7B-7E do not depict debris or deposits on or
removed from wire or wire-like electrode 232. In the embodiment of
FIG. 7C, bead channel 610 is substantially in the center of bead
600 but is inclined slightly, again to impart a different
frictional cleaning action. In the embodiment of FIG. 7D, beam 600
has a channel 610 that is both off center and inclined, again to
impart a different frictional cleaning action. In general,
asymmetrical bead channel or through-opening orientations are
preferred.
[0097] FIG. 7E depicts an embodiment in which a bell-shaped walled
bead 620 is shaped and sized to fit over a pillar 550 connected to
a horizontal portion 560 of an interior bottom portion of unit 100.
Pillar 550 retains the lower end of wire or wire-like electrode
232, which passes through a channel 630 in bead 620, and if
desired, also through a channel 610 in another bead 600. Bead 600
is shown in phantom in FIG. 7E to indicate that it is optional.
[0098] Friction between debris 612 on electrode 232 and the mouth
of channel 630 will tend to remove the debris from the electrode as
bead 620 slides up and down the length of the electrode, e.g., when
a user inverts transporter-conditioner unit 100, to clean
electrodes 232. It is understood that each electrode 232 will
include its own bead or beads, and some of the beads may have
symmetrically disposed channels, while other beads may have
asymmetrically disposed channels. An advantage of the configuration
shown in FIG. 7E is that when unit 100 is in use, e.g., when bead
620 surrounds pillar 550, with an air gap therebetween, improved
breakdown resistance is provided, especially when bead 620 is
fabricated from glass or ceramic or other high voltage, high
temperature breakdown material that will not readily char. The
presence of an air gap between the outer surface of pillar 550 and
the inner surface of the bell-shaped bead 620 helps increase this
resistance to high voltage breakdown or arcing, and to
charring.
[0099] Modifications and variations maybe made to the disclosed
embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the
invention as defined by the following claims.
* * * * *