U.S. patent application number 10/600709 was filed with the patent office on 2004-01-01 for breeding method of female pig for propagation and feed for female pig for propagation.
Invention is credited to Fukayama, Masahiko, Kobayashi, Mampei, Nakata, Masahide.
Application Number | 20040001876 10/600709 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27338078 |
Filed Date | 2004-01-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20040001876 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nakata, Masahide ; et
al. |
January 1, 2004 |
Breeding method of female pig for propagation and feed for female
pig for propagation
Abstract
Disclosed are a breeding method of a female pig for propagation
characterized by feeding at least one lipid selected from a fatty
acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which has a melting point falling
in a range of -60 to 40.degree. C. and an iodine value falling in a
range of 30 to 470 and which has 2 to 6 double bonds in a molecule,
a triglyceride containing the above fatty acid and a metal salt of
the above fatty acid, and a feed for a female pig for propagation
containing the above lipid in a proportion of 0.5 to 10 % by weight
in terms of the fatty acid described above. According to the
breeding method of a female pig for propagation of the present
invention, breeding results can be elevated by further increasing a
litter size, allowing the number of delactation to grow large,
shortening the days of returning estrus and increasing an annual
average delivery frequency.
Inventors: |
Nakata, Masahide; (Kobe-shi,
JP) ; Kobayashi, Mampei; (Chigasaki-shi, JP) ;
Fukayama, Masahiko; (Kobe-shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ANTONELLI, TERRY, STOUT & KRAUS, LLP
1300 NORTH SEVENTEENTH STREET
SUITE 1800
ARLINGTON
VA
22209-9889
US
|
Family ID: |
27338078 |
Appl. No.: |
10/600709 |
Filed: |
June 23, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10600709 |
Jun 23, 2003 |
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09913739 |
Aug 17, 2001 |
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09913739 |
Aug 17, 2001 |
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PCT/JP00/06403 |
Sep 20, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/442 ;
800/17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K 20/158 20160501;
A23K 40/25 20160501; A23K 50/10 20160501; A23K 40/20 20160501; A23K
50/00 20160501 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/442 ;
800/17 |
International
Class: |
A01K 067/027; A23K
001/165; A23K 001/17 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 19, 1999 |
JP |
296727/1999 |
Feb 24, 2000 |
JP |
047728/2000 |
Mar 15, 2000 |
JP |
071594/2000 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A feed adapted to be fed to a female pig for propagation
characterized by comprising at least one lipid selected from a
fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which has a melting point
falling in a range of -60 to 40.degree. C. and an iodine value
falling in a range of 30 to 470 and which has 2 to 6 double bonds
in a molecule, a triglyceride containing said fatty acid and at
least one selected from a group consisting of a calcium salt and a
magnesium salt of said fatty acid in a proportion of 0.5 to 10% by
weight in terms of said fatty acid.
2. The feed as described in claim 1, further comprising a base feed
to feed the female pig, blended with said at least one lipid.
3. The feed described in claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is at
least one selected from linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid.
4. The feed as described in cliam 1, wherein said at least one
selected from a group consisting of a calcium salt and a magnesium
salt of said fatty acid is produced by reacting a fatty acid with a
metal oxide or a metal hydroxide by means of an extruder having at
least a raw material-feeding zone, a kneading and reacting zone and
a cooling zone.
5. The feed as described in claim 4, wherein said at least one
selected from a group consisting of a calcium salt and a magnesium
salt of said fatty acid is produced by controlling a temperature of
of the raw material-feeding zone in the extruder to 20 to
80.degree. C., a temperature of the kneading and reacting zone to
80 to 200.degree. C. and a temperature of the cooling zone to -20
to 5.degree. C.
6. The feed as described in claim 1, produced by blending a base
feed with. said at least one selected from a group consisting of a
calcium salt and a magnesium salt of said fatty acid obtained by
decomposing or refining soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil,
sunflower oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, rice oil, beefsteak plant
oil, evening primrose oil, borage oil, linseed oil, palm oil or
fish oil.
7. The feed as described in claim 6, wherein said at least one
selected from a group consisting of a calcium salt and a magnesium
salt of said fatty acid is a fatty acid calcium salt or a fatty
acid magnesium salt containing at least one selected from linoleic
acid, linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic
acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in a proportion of 20 to 99% by
weight or both of them.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a breeding method of a
female pig for propagation and a feed for a female pig for
propagation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a
breeding method of a female pig for propagation for elevating a
propagation result of a pig by further increasing a litter size,
elevating the number of delactation, shortening the days of
returning estrtus and allowing an annual average delivery frequency
to grow, and a feed for a female pig for propagation which is
suitably used in this breeding method.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] So-called lipids such as triglycerides and fatty acids are
excellent particularly as an energy source among three essential
nutrients and have so far widely been used for a feed for livestock
(refer to, for example, .left brkt-top.Animal Dietetics.right
brkt-bot. H. Morimoto, Yokendo, 1987). Among them, triglyceride is
not isolated in the form of triglyceride and fed in almost all
cases in the form of a material itself containing a lot of
triglycerides such as soybean, rapeseed, corn, cotton seed and rice
bran or cakes containing triglycerides obtained after pressing oils
from the above materials (.left brkt-top.Japan Standard Feed
Component Table.right brkt-bot. edited by an executive office of
Fisheries Technology Conference in Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries, Japan Livestock Industry Association, 1995). In recent
years, fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing this triglyceride,
particularly hardened fatty acids such as beef tallow and palm oil
tend to be used in many cases because of easiness in handling.
[0003] These triglycerides and fatty acids have been used blending
with general mixed feeds for the purpose of efficiently supplying
energy and have not been used for the purpose of improving a
breeding efficiency paying attentions to a physiological activity
of a specific fatty acid. With respect to this point, only
evaluation of fat and oil raw materials and fats and oils as energy
sources such as a digestible nutrient total amount and
metabolizable energy is described in the Japan Standard Feed
Component Table described above which is a leading standard book of
livestock nutrient in our country.
[0004] On the other hand, fatty acid calcium salt which is one of
lipids is a relatively new material which came to be first used as
a feed in 1980s. This fatty acid calcium salt is widely used as a
high energy feed for livestock such as high yielding dairy cows and
others, particularly for supplying energy in a hot weather (refer
to, for example, .left brkt-top.Utilization Data of Fat and Oil to
Cow Feed.right brkt-bot. The National Federation of Dairy
Cooperative Associations, 1988). Further, known as other uses are a
method in which this fatty acid calcium salt is used for supplying
energy which is liable to be short when feeding mainly grass for a
growth in rumen in breeding beef cattles, whereby a healthy growth
in rumen and a good grown body are obtained (.left brkt-top.Beef
Cattle Journal, February issue, March issue, July issue, August
issue and September issue.right brkt-bot. T. Terada, 1997), a
method in which calcium salt of fatty acid contained in fish oil is
fed to cattles and pigs to introduce eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid into meats (Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open No. 289734/1996), a method in which calcium salt of fatty
acid contained in linseed oil is fed to milking cows to introduce
.alpha.-linolenic acid into milk ( .left brkt-top.Nicchiku
Report.right brkt-bot. vol. 66, No. 10, p. 889 to 897, S. Ishida et
al., 1995) and a method in which calcium salt of fatty acid
contained in linseed oil is fed to egg breed chickens to introduce
.alpha.-linolenic acid into eggs (Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open No. 315350/1994).
[0005] As described above, all of a triglyceride, a fatty acid and
fatty acid calcium salt have so far widely been used as a raw
material for a feed, and they have been used in almost all cases
for the purpose of (1) growing a body and improving production of
milk by efficiently supplying energy or (2) introducing some kinds
of fatty acids into livestocks such as beef, milk, pork, chickens
and eggs.
[0006] In recent years, attentions are paid to a physiological
activity of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as
new uses of these lipids, and it is tried to make use of them for
breeding of cattles ( .left brkt-top.Clinical Veterinary.right
brkt-bot. vol. 14, No. 7, p. 33 to 39, M. Nishikai, 1996;
Feetstuffs, Staples, C. R. et al., Jan. 12, 1998). Further, it is
reported that these unsaturated fatty acids reduce a death rate of
fertilized ovums, which results in elevating a fecundation rate of
cattles (Thatcher, W. W. et al., J. Anim. Sci., 72 (Suppl. 3), p.
16 to 30, 1994).
[0007] As described above, researches regarding a relationship of a
breeding result with triglycerides, fatty acids and derivatives
thereof and applications thereof in breeding cattles have come to
be carried out, but it is the existing situation that a
relationship thereof with triglyceride, fatty acids and derivatives
thereof in breeding pigs have not yet been researched. That is, as
far as breeding of pigs is concerned, it has so far actively been
tried to elevate an ability intrinsic to pigs by breeding based on
a thremmatological method, and a litter size per head of a mother
pig has come to reach, for example, 12 head/parturition on an
average. However, it has not yet been tried to elevate a breeding
result thereof from the viewpoints of nutrients such as feed
components and physiologically active substances contained in
feeds.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In light of the circumstances described above, an object of
the present invention is to provide a breeding method of a female
pig for propagation for elevating a breeding result of pigs by (1)
increasing a litter size, (2) elevating the number of delactation,
(3) shortening the days of returning estrus and (4) increasing an
annual average delivery frequency. A second object thereof is to
provide a feed for a female pig for propagation which is suitably
used in this breeding method.
[0009] Thus, intensive researches repeated by the present inventors
in order to achieve the objects described above have resulted in
finding that the first object can be achieved by feeding a female
pig for propagation with a lipid comprising a fatty acid having a
prescribed carbon number in which a melting point and an iodine
value each fall in a specific range and which has plural double
bonds in a molecule and triglyceride and a metal salt thereof and
that the second object can be achieved by a feed containing the
lipid described above in a specific proportion. The present
invention has completed based on such knowledge.
[0010] That is, the first object of the present invention can be
achieved by a breeding method of a female pig for propagation
characterized by feeding a feed comprising at least one lipid
selected from a fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which has a
melting point falling in a range of -60 to 40.degree. C. and an
iodine value falling in a range of 30 to 470 and which has 2 to 6
double bonds in a molecule, a triglyceride containing the above
fatty acid and a metal salt of the above fatty acid, particularly a
feed containing a lipid comprising a metal salt of the above fatty
acid and, if necessary, a triglyceride containing the above fatty
acid.
[0011] Further, the second object thereof can be achieved by a feed
for a female pig for propagation characterized by comprising at
least one lipid selected from a fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon
atoms which has a melting point falling in a range of -60 to
40.degree. C. and an iodine value falling in a range of 30 to 470
and which has 2 to 6 double bonds in a molecule, a triglyceride
containing the above fatty acid and a metal salt of the above fatty
acid in a proportion of 0.5 to 10% by weight in terms of the fatty
acid described above.
BEST EMBODIMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0012] In the breeding method of a female pig for propagation of
the present invention (hereinafter referred to merely as .left
brkt-top.the breeding method of the present invention.right
brkt-bot. ), fed with a female pig for propagation is at least one
lipid selected from an unsaturated fatty acid, a triglyceride
containing the above fatty acid and a metal salt of the above fatty
acid.
[0013] Used as the unsaturated fatty acid described above is a
fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which has a melting point
falling in a range of -60 to 40.degree. C., preferably -50 to
0.degree. C. and an iodine value falling in a range of 30 to 470,
preferably 150 to 470 and which has 2 to 6 double bonds in a
molecule. Capable of being preferably given as such fatty acid is
at least one selected from linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid.
[0014] Shown in Table 1 are the carbon numbers, the double bond
numbers, the melting points and the iodine values of the respective
fatty acids.
1TABLE 1 Kind of fatty Carbon Number of Melting Iodine Acid number
double bond point (.degree. C.) value Myristic acid C.sub.14 0 54.4
0 Palmitic acid C.sub.16 0 62.9 0 Palmitoleic C.sub.16 1 0.5 99.8
Acid Stearic acid C.sub.18 0 69.6 0 Oleic acid C.sub.18 1 13.4 89.9
Linoleic acid C.sub.18 2 -5.1 181.0 Linolenic acid C.sub.18 3 -11.2
273.5 Bishomo-.gamma.- C.sub.20 3 About -10 248.5 linolenic acid
Arachidonic C.sub.20 4 -49.5 333.4 Acid Eicosa-pentaenoic C.sub.20
5 -54.0 419.5 acid Docosahexaenoic C.sub.22 6 -44.5 463.6 Acid
[0015] The preceding respective fatty acids given as examples can
be obtained by hydrotically treating plant oils such as, for
example, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil,
sunflower oil, rice oil, beefsteak plant oil, evening primrose oil,
borage oil and linseed oil, fish oils obtained from oceanic bonito,
mackerel, sardine and tuna and fats and oils such as triglycerides
originating in various microorganisms such as Conidiobolus genus of
Entomophthorales. sp., Entomophthora genus, Mucor. sp. and
Mortierella genus.
[0016] The fats and oils described above can be given as
triglycerides containing the above fatty acids. Among these fats
and oils, preferably used in the present invention are those having
high contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid.
[0017] On the other hand, the metal salts of the above fatty acids
are suitably calcium salts and magnesium salts of the various fatty
acids described above, and they may be used alone or in combination
of two or more kinds thereof. A production process of the metal
salts of these fatty acids shall be explained later in details.
[0018] The breeding method of the present invention is preferably
applied to female pigs bleeded by artificial insemination, and a
feeding amount per day of at least one fatty acid selected from
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid,
arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid falls usually in a range
of 20 to 200 g, preferably 30 to 180 g. The preceding feeding
amount of less than 20 g does not allow the effects of these fatty
acids to be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, the amount
fed in excess of 200 g does not provide more effects and allows an
adverse effect exerted by excess energy to grow large.
[0019] In the present invention, preferably used as the lipid
described above are those containing at least one fatty acid
selected from linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid in a proportion of 20 to 99% by weight. If
this content is less than 20% by weight, a large amount of the
lipid has to be fed in order to feed at least one fatty acid
selected from linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of 20 g or more per day. As a
result thereof, the breeding efficiency is likely to be reduced
because of a problem of excess growth brought about by excess
energy, and a content of the other nutrients (carbohydrates,
proteins and the like) is likely to be relatively reduced.
[0020] The triglycerides and fatty acids described above are liquid
at a room temperature if linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid or
eicosapentaenoic acid is contained in a proportion of 20% by weight
or more, but fatty acid calcium salts and fatty acid magnesium
salts are solid. In terms of easiness in handling and easiness in
admixing with a feed, these fatty acid metal salts are preferred
among the lipids. In particular, solid powdery or granular fatty
acid calcium salts and fatty acid magnesium salts are preferably
used.
[0021] In the present invention, the triglycerides, fatty acids or
fatty acid metal salts described above can be used in a mixture
with conventional base feeds. Feeds which are usually available in
the market for female pigs for propagation or fatting, for example,
a feed having the following blending composition can be used as the
base feed:
2 % by weight Bran 50.0 Milo 21.2 Soybean cake 20.0 Fish meal 3.0
Molasses 4.0 Minerals 1.53 Vitamines 0.27
[0022] A blending proportion of the base feed to at least one lipid
selected from the fatty acids described above, the triglycerides
thereof and the metal salts of the above fatty acids is preferably
decided so that at least one selected from linoleic acid, linolenic
acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid is contained in a feed taken by a head per
day in an amount of 20 to 200 g in terms of the fatty acid
described above. In this case, the contents of linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid or
eicosapentaenoic acid contained in both of the base feed and the
above lipid have to be considered, and they are controlled by the
following method.
[0023] First of all, when the base feed is compounded with soybean,
soybean cake, powdered blood and fish meal, there is a possibility
that linoleic acid, linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid,
arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are contained as well in
them, so that these base feeds are treated in advance with a
solvent of chloroform/methanol=2/1to extract a lipid fraction, and
this fraction has to be analyzed by a gas chromatography to
determine a content of at least one selected from linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linoleni- c acid, arachidonic acid
and eicosapentaenoic acid. Secondly, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid which are contained in the lipid described
above are added to linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolen- ic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid which are contained in this base feed to
control the feeding amount so that the feeding amount comes to 20
to 200 g per day in terms of the fatty acid described above.
[0024] The feed intake amount per day is different depending on the
breed of a pig used and falls in a range of about 2 to 4 kg per
head. Considering, for example, a case where the feed intake amount
is set at about 3.5 kg/day/head, it is assumed that analysis of the
base feed described above shows a linoleic acid content of 10 g in
3.5 kg of the base feed. Accordingly, in this case, the lipid
corresponding to 10 to 190 g of linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid or
eicosapentaenoic acid has to be added. Thus, blending 20 to 380 g
of soybean oil having a linoleic acid content of 50% by weight with
this base feed results in providing a feed having the intended
composition. This feed may be used in the form of powder obtained
merely by blending, a so-called mash type or may be used in a
pelletized form obtained by means of a suitable extrusion-molding
machine.
[0025] In the breeding method of the present invention, a duration
of feeding female pigs. with the feed described above extends from
30 days before artificial insemination up to 3 weeks after the
artificial insemination. That is, the feed comprising the lipid
containing at least one fatty acid selected from linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
and eicosapentaenoic acid is fed in a duration extending from 30
days before artificial insemination up to 3 weeks after the
artificial insemination. In this case, the feed is preferably fed
in a proportion of 2 to 4 kg per head a day and 20 to 200 g per
head a day in terms of the fatty acids described above. In the
present invention, an amount corresponding to the amount achieved
by feeding the feeding amount described above every day in the
duration described above may be fed in any period in the duration
described above, but taking the effects of the present invention
into consideration, the amount described above is preferably fed
every day in the duration described above. When the desired feeding
amount is not achieved in the duration described above, the
breeding result-improving effect becomes unsatisfactory, and
therefore it is not preferred. In the present invention, the feed
is preferably fed so that the total amount of the above fatty acid
reaches 1500 to 9000 g per head.
[0026] The present invention provides a feed for a female pig for
propagation (hereinafter referred to merely as .left brkt-top.the
feed of the present invention.right brkt-bot. ).
[0027] The feed of the present invention comprises at least one
lipid selected from a fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which
has a melting point falling in a range of -60 to 40.degree. C.,
preferably -50 to 0.degree. C. and an iodine value falling in a
range of 30 to 470, preferably 150 to 470 and which has 2 to 6
double bonds in a molecule, a triglyceride containing the above
fatty acid and a metal salt of the above fatty acid in a proportion
of 0.5 to 10% by weight in terms of the fatty acid described
above.
[0028] In the feed of the present invention, the fatty acid
described above and the like have a content falling preferably in a
range of 1 to 8% by weight, particularly suitably 1.1 to 6% by
weight in terms of the fatty acid from the viewpoint of effectively
feeding the feed. Preferably used as this fatty acid is at least
one selected from linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid.
[0029] Calcium salts and magnesium salts of the above fatty acids
are preferred as the fatty acid metal salt. In particular, suited
are fatty acid calcium salt and fatty acid magnesium salt
containing at least one selected from linoleic acid, linolenic
acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid in a proportion of 20 to 99% by weight. They
may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds
thereof.
[0030] Among the lipids described above, these fatty acid metal
salts are suited in terms of easiness in handling and easiness in
admixing with the feed.
[0031] In the feeds of the present invention, particularly suited
is the feed produced by blending the base feed with a metal salt of
at least one fatty acid obtained by decomposing or refining soybean
oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, sesame
oil, rice oil, beefsteak plant oil, evening primrose oil, borage
oil, linseed oil, palm oil or fish oil. Especially, preferred is
the feed produced by blending a combination of the above metal salt
with a triglyceride containing the fatty acid described above.
[0032] The metal salts of the fatty acids described above are
produced by reacting the fatty acids with metal oxides or metal
hydroxides, and preferred are those produced by means of an
extruder having at least a raw material-feeding zone, a kneading
and reacting zone and a cooling zone. Further, suited are those
produced by controlling a temperature of the raw material-feeding
zone in the extruder to 20 to 80.degree. C., a temperature of the
kneading and reacting zone to 80 to 200.degree. C. and a
temperature of the cooling zone to -20 to 5.degree. C.
[0033] The extruder described above is a pressure extruder having a
raw material-feeding zone, a reacting zone and a cooling zone, and
capable of being used are those of a single shaft type in which one
rotating screw is inserted into a cylinder and a two shaft type in
which two screws rotating in the same direction or different
directions are inserted into a cylinder, and having a cross section
of an 8 character type. In particular, the extruder of a two shaft
type is preferably used in the present invention in terms of a
kneading capacity. The screw in this extruder of a two shaft type
is used by suitably combining plural parts which can usually carry
out operations such as delivering, reversing and kneading.
[0034] The cylinder part of this extruder is divided into plural
barrels corresponding to a raw material-feeding zone, a kneading
and reacting zone and a cooling zone, and external jackets are
installed in the circumferences of the respective barrels, wherein
a specification which can meet both heating and cooling can be
employed so that the jackets can be applied to any of the zones
described above by each barrel.
[0035] In the present invention, a temperature of a raw
material-feeding site in the raw material-feeding zone is
maintained at 20 to 80.degree. C., preferably 30 to 70.degree. C.,
and fatty acid, metal oxide or metal hydroxide and water are
introduced to control a temperature of a kneading and reacting site
in the kneading and reacting zone is maintained at 80 to
200.degree. C., preferably 100 to 190.degree. C. to react them to
form a fatty acid metal salt. Further, a cooling site in the
cooling zone is maintained in a range of -20 to 5.degree. C.,
preferably -15 to 0.degree. C. for cooling, whereby the desired
fatty acid metal salt is advantageously produced.
[0036] Next, the present invention shall more specifically be
explained with reference to examples, but the present invention
shall by no means be restricted by these examples.
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1
[0037] The composition of a mixed feed used as a base feed is shown
in Table 2.
3 TABLE 2 Components % by weight Bran 50.00 Milo 21.20 Soybean cake
20.00 Fish meal 3.00 Molasses 4.00 Minerals 1.53 Vitamines 0.27
[0038] Crude fat contained in this base feed was extracted and
analyzed by a gas chromatography to find that contained in 1 kg
were 2 g of linoleic acid, 1 g of linolenic acid and 1 g of
eicosapentaenoic acid. Bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid and
arachidonic acid were not contained therein.
[0039] Triglycerides having a fatty acid composition shown in Table
3 were used to prepare mixed feeds in a composition shown in Table
4. The contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as EPA) contained in
the finished mixed feeds were shown as well in Table 4. The feeds
thus obtained were designated as Samples 1 to 18.
4 TABLE 3 Fatty acid composition (% by weight) Beef tallow
Sunflower Safflower Kind of fatty acid hardened oil Soybean oil oil
oil Linseed oil Borage oil Myristic acid 4.0 -- -- -- -- 0.1
Palmitic acid 31.1 10.4 6.7 6.8 6.6 10.6 Palmitoleic acid 0.9 -- --
-- -- 0.5 Stearic acid 60.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.9 4.0 Oleic acid 4.0 23.5
17.9 12.6 19.5 17.3 Linoleic acid 53.5 69.8 77.4 23.4 37.1
Linolenic acid 8.3 0.9 0.1 46.6 23.2 Others 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 7.3
[0040]
5TABLE 4 Sample Base Linoleic Linolenic EPA No. Triglyceride (g)
feed (kg) acid (g) acid (g) (g) Sample 1 Beef tallow 3.45 6.90 3.45
3.45 hardened oil (50) Sample 2 Soybean oil (50) 3.45 30.98 7.19
3.45 Sample 3 Sunflower oil (50) 3.45 38.31 3.86 3.45 Sample 4
Safflower oil (50) 3.45 41.73 3.50 3.45 Sample 5 Linseed oil (50)
3.45 18.33 24.42 3.45 Sample 6 Borage oil (50) 3.45 23.60 13.89
3.45 Sample 7 Beef tallow 3.35 6.70 3.35 3.35 hardened oil (150)
Sample 8 Soybean oil (150) 3.35 78.93 14.56 3.35 Sample 9 Sunflower
oil (150) 3.35 103.60 4.57 3.35 Sample 10 Safflower oil (150) 3.35
111.20 3.49 3.35 Sample 11 Linseed oil (150) 3.35 37.39 66.26 3.35
Sample 12 Borage oil (150) 3.35 56.79 34.67 3.35 Sample 13 Beef
tallow 3.25 6.50 3.25 3.25 hardened oil (250) Sample 14 Soybean oil
(250) 3.25 126.90 21.93 3.25 Sample 15 Sunflower oil (250) 3.25
163.60 5.28 3.25 Sample 16 Safflower oil (250) 3.25 180.70 3.48
3.25 Sample 17 Linseed oil (250) 3.25 59.15 108.10 3.25 Sample 18
Borage oil (250) 3.25 90.00 55.45 3.25
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2
[0041] Fatty acids having compositions shown in Table 5 were used
to prepare mixed feeds having compositions shown in Table 6. The
feed shown in Table 2 in Preparation Example 1 was used for the
base feed. The feeds thus obtained were designated as Samples 19 to
39.
6 TABLE 5 Fatty acid composition (% by weight) Beef tallow
Sunflower Safflower Extra .alpha.- Linseed Borage Kind of fatty
hardened oil Soybean oil oil fatty oil fatty Linolenic oil fatty
oil fatty acid fatty acid fatty acid acid acid 70 acid acid
Myristic acid 4.0 -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 Palmitic acid 31.1 10.4 6.7
6.8 -- 6.6 10.6 Palmitoleic 0.9 -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 acid Stearic
acid 60.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 -- 2.9 4.0 Oleic acid 4.0 23.5 17.9 12.6 4.0
19.5 17.3 Linoleic acid 53.5 69.8 77.4 22.5 23.4 37.1 Linolenic 8.3
0.9 0.1 73.5 46.6 23.2 acid Others 0.3 0.7 0.6 -- 1.0 7.3
[0042]
7TABLE 6 Sample Base Linoleic Linolenic EPA No. Fatty acid (g) feed
(kg) acid (g) Acid (g) (g) Sample 19 Beef tallow 3.45 6.90 3.45
3.45 hardened oil (50) Sample 20 Soybean oil (50) 3.45 33.65 7.60
3.45 Sample 21 Sunflower oil (50) 3.45 41.80 3.90 3.45 Sample 22
Safflower oil (50) 3.45 45.60 3.50 3.45 Sample 23 Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 3.45 18.15 40.20 3.45 70 (50) Sample 24 Linseed
oil (50) 3.45 19.60 26.75 3.45 Sample 25 Borage oil (50) 3.45 25.45
15.05 3.45 Sample 26 Beef tallow 3.35 6.70 3.35 3.35 hardened oil
(150) Sample 27 Soybean oil (150) 3.35 86.95 15.80 3.35 Sample 28
Sunflower oil (150) 3.35 114.40 4.70 3.35 Sample 29 Safflower oil
(150) 3.35 122.80 3.50 3.35 Sample 30 Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 3.35
40.45 113.60 3.35 70 (150) Sample 31 Linseed oil (150) 3.35 41.80
73.25 3.35 Sample 32 Borage oil (150) 3.35 62.35 38.15 3.35 Sample
33 Beef tallow 3.25 6.50 3.25 3.25 hardened oil (250) Sample 34
Soybean oil (250) 3.25 140.30 24.00 3.25 Sample 35 Sunflower oil
(250) 3.25 181.00 5.50 3.25 Sample 36 Safflower oil (250) 3.25
200.00 3.50 3.25 Sample 37 Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 3.25 62.75
187.00 3.25 70 (250) Sample 38 Linseed oil (250) 3.25 65.00 119.75
3.25 Sample 39 Borage oil (250) 3.25 99.25 61.25 3.25
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 3
[0043] Used were seven kinds of beef tallow hardened oil fatty
acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, safflower
oil fatty acid, linseed oil fatty acid, Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 70
and borage oil fatty acid in a composition shown in Table 5 (all
manufactured by NOF Corporation) to prepare fatty acid calcium
salts by the following method.
[0044] Added to a reactor charged with 400 kg of water was 20 kg of
fine powder-like calcium hydroxide (a product of Inoue Lime Co.,
Ltd.), and it was well stirred and dispersed. Dropwise added to the
reactor in 30 minutes while stirring was 100 kg of fatty acid which
was heated in advance to 60.degree. C. to carry out neutralization.
After finishing dropwise adding, the solution was stirred and
ripened for one hour and then filtered to collect fatty acid
calcium salt. This filtered matter was dried by hot air at
80.degree. C. for 3 hours to obtain each 120 kg of the respective
fatty acid calcium salts. Seven kinds of the fatty acid calcium
salts thus obtained were used to obtain samples in compositions
shown in Table 7, and they were designated as Samples 40 to 60. The
feed shown in Table 2 in Preparation Example 1 was used for the
base feed.
8TABLE 7 Sample Fatty acid calcium Base Linoleic Linolenic EPA No.
salt (g) feed (kg) acid (g) Acid (g) (g) Sample 40 Beef tallow 3.45
6.90 3.45 3.45 hardened oil (50) Sample 41 Soybean oil (50) 3.45
30.98 7.19 3.45 Sample 42 Sunflower oil (50) 3.45 38.31 3.86 3.45
Sample 43 Safflower oil (50) 3.45 41.73 3.50 3.45 Sample 44 Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 3.45 17.03 36.53 3.45 70 (50) Sample 45 Linseed
oil (50) 3.45 18.33 24.42 3.45 Sample 46 Borage oil (50) 3.45 23.60
13.89 3.45 Sample 47 Beef tallow 3.35 6.70 3.35 3.35 hardened oil
(150) Sample 48 Soybean oil (150) 3.35 78.93 14.56 3.35 Sample 49
Sunflower oil (150) 3.35 103.60 4.57 3.35 Sample 50 Safflower oil
(150) 3.35 111.20 3.49 3.35 Sample 51 Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 3.35
37.08 102.6 3.35 70 (150) Sample 52 Linseed oil (150) 3.35 37.39
66.26 3.35 Sample 53 Borage oil (150) 3.35 56.79 34.67 3.35 Sample
54 Beef tallow 3.25 6.50 3.25 3.25 hardened oil (250) Sample 55
Soybean oil (250) 3.25 126.90 21.93 3.25 Sample 56 Sunflower oil
(250) 3.25 163.60 5.28 3.25 Sample 57 Safflower oil (250) 3.25
180.70 3.48 3.25 Sample 58 Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 3.25 57.13
168.60 3.25 70 (250) Sample 59 Linseed oil (250) 3.25 59.15 108.10
3.25 Sample 60 Borage oil (250) 3.25 90.00 55.45 3.25
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 4
[0045] Fatty acids having fatty acid compositions shown in Table 8
were used to prepare mixed feeds in compositions shown in Table 9.
The feed shown in Table 2 in Preparation Example 1 was used for the
base feed. Shown in Table 9 were the contents of linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contained in the finished mixed
feeds. The feeds thus obtained were designated as Samples 61 to 72.
Extra Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolenic 90, Extra Arachidonic 90 and Extra
EPA 90 each shown in Table 8 are products of NOF Corporation.
9 TABLE 8 Fatty acid composition (% by weight) Beef tallow Extra
Bishomo-.gamma.- Extra Kind of fatty acid hardened oil Linolenic 90
Arachidonic 90 Extra EPA 90 Myristic acid 4.0 -- -- -- Palmitic
acid 31.1 -- -- -- Palmitoleic acid 0.9 -- -- -- Stearic acid 60.0
-- -- -- Oleic acid 4.0 -- -- -- Linoleic acid -- -- -- --
Linolenic acid -- 5.1 -- -- Bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid -- 93.5
5.5 -- Arachidonic acid -- 1.4 93.3 -- Eicosapentaenoic acid -- --
-- 92.9 Docosahexaenoic acid -- -- -- 5.9 Others -- -- 1.2 1.2
[0046]
10TABLE 9 Sample Base Linoleic Linolenic BHGLN.sup.*1 Arachidonic
EPA No. Fatty acid (g) feed (kg) acid (g) acid (g) (g) acid (g) (g)
Sample 61 Beef tallow 3.45 6.9 3.45 0 0 3.45 hardened oil (50)
Sample 62 EBLN-90.sup.*2 (50) 3.45 6.9 6.0 46.75 0.7 3.45 Sample 63
EAA-90.sup.*3 (50) 3.45 6.9 3.45 2.75 46.55 3.45 Sample 64
EEPA-90.sup.*4 (50) 3.45 6.9 3.45 0 0 49.9 Sample 65 Beef tallow
3.35 6.7 3.35 0 0 3.35 hardened oil (150) Sample 66 EBLN-90.sup.*2
(150) 3.35 6.7 11.0 140.3 2.1 3.35 Sample 67 EAA-90.sup.*3 (150)
3.35 6.7 3.35 8.25 140.0 3.35 Sample 68 EEPA-90.sup.*4 (150) 3.35
6.7 3.35 0 0 142.7 Sample 69 Beef tallow 3.30 6.6 3.3 0 0 3.3
hardened oil (200) Sample 70 EBLN-90.sup.*2 (200) 3.30 6.6 13.5 187
2.8 3.3 Sample 71 EAA-90.sup.*3 (200) 3.30 6.6 3.3 11.0 186.6 3.3
Sample 72 EEPA-90.sup.*4 (200) 3.30 6.6 3.3 0 0 189.1
.sup.*1abbreviation of bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid
.sup.*2abbreviation of Extra Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolenic 90
.sup.*3abbreviation of Extra Arachidonic 90 .sup.*4abbreviation of
Extra EPA 90
PREPARATION EXAMPLE 5
[0047] Four kinds of beef tallow fatty acid, Extra
Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolen- ic 90, Extra Arachidonic 90 and Extra EPA
90 each having compositions shown in Table 8 were used to prepare
four kinds of fatty acid calcium salts according to the method used
in Preparation Example 3. These fatty acid calcium salts were used
to prepare feeds in compositions shown in Table 10. The feeds thus
obtained were designated as Samples 73 to 84. The feed shown in
Table 2 in Preparation Example 1 was used for the base feed.
11TABLE 10 Sample Base Linoleic Linolenic BHGLN.sup.*1 Arachidonic
EPA No. Fatty acid (g) feed (kg) acid (g) acid (g) (g) acid (g) (g)
Sample 73 Beef tallow 3.45 6.9 3.45 0 0 3.45 hardened oil (50)
Sample 74 EBLN-90.sup.*2 (50) 3.45 6.9 5.75 42.1 0.63 3.45 Sample
75 EAA-90.sup.*3 (50) 3.45 6.9 3.45 2.48 42.0 3.45 Sample 76
EEPA-90.sup.*4 (50) 3.45 6.9 3.45 0 0 45.26 Sample 77 Beef tallow
3.35 6.7 3.35 0 0 3.35 hardened oil (150) Sample 78 EBLN-90.sup.*2
(150) 3.35 6.7 10.33 126.2 1.89 3.35 Sample 79 EAA-90.sup.*3 (150)
3.35 6.7 3.35 7.43 126.0 3.35 Sample 80 EEPA-90.sup.*4 (150) 3.35
6.7 3.35 0 0 128.8 Sample 81 Beef tallow 3.25 6.5 3.25 0 0 3.25
hardened oil (250) Sample 82 EBLN-90.sup.*2 (250) 3.25 6.5 13.45
168.3 2.52 3.25 Sample 83 EAA-90.sup.*3 (250) 3.25 6.5 3.25 9.9
167.9 3.25 Sample 84 EEPA-90.sup.*4 (250) 3.25 6.5 3.25 0 0 170.5
.sup.*1abbreviation of bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid
.sup.*2abbreviation of Extra Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolenic 90
.sup.*3abbreviation of Extra Arachidonic 90 .sup.*4abbreviation of
Extra EPA 90
PRODUCTION EXAMPLES 1 to 4
[0048] Four kinds of soybean oil fatty acid, Extra EPA 90, Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 70 and safflower oil fatty acid each having
compositions shown in Table 11 were used to produce fatty acid
metal salts by means of an extruder.
12 TABLE 11 Fatty acid composition (% by weight) Soybean oil
Safflower oil Kind of fatty acid fatty acid Extra EPA 90 Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 70 fatty acid Myristic acid -- -- -- -- Palmitic
acid 10.4 -- -- 6.8 Palmitoleic acid -- -- -- -- Stearic acid 4.0
-- -- 2.5 Oleic acid 23.5 -- 4.0 12.6 Linoleic acid 53.5 -- 22.5
77.4 Linolenic acid 8.3 -- 73.5 0.1 Eicosapentaenoic acid -- 92.9
-- -- Docosahexaenoic acid -- 5.9 -- -- Others -- 1.2 -- -- (all
manufactured by Nippon Fat & Oil Co., Ltd.)
PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 1
[0049] Soybean oil fatty acid (melting point: -2.degree. C.) and
calcium hydroxide which were heated in advance at 40.degree. C.
were fed at a rate of 100 kg/hr and 20 kg/hr respectively from a
raw material-feeding port in the first barrel of an EA-100 type
extruder (manufactured by Suehiro EPM Co., Ltd.). Water was fed at
a rate of 3 kg/hr from a charging port present at an upper part of
the first barrel. Set respectively were a temperature of jackets in
the first and second barrels (raw material-feeding parts) at
70.degree. C., a temperature of jackets in the third and fourth
barrels (kneading and reacting part) at 180.degree. C. and a
temperature of jackets in the fifth and sixth barrels (cooling
part) at -10.degree. C. to carry out continuous reaction at a screw
revolution of 120 rounds/minute for 5 hours. After finishing the
reaction, a fatty acid calcium salt product was obtained at a
reactivity, an amount and a yield each shown in Table 12.
PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 2
[0050] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in
Production Example 1, except that substituted were Extra EPA90
(melting point: -44.degree. C., manufactured by NOF Corporation)
for soybean oil fatty acid and magnesium hydroxide of 16 kg/hr for
calcium hydroxide of 20 kg/hr and that a screw revolution of 120
rounds/minute was changed to 100 rounds/minute. After finishing the
reaction, a fatty acid magnesium salt product was obtained at a
reactivity, an amount and a yield each shown in Table 12.
PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 3
[0051] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in
Production Example 1, except that substituted were Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 70 (melting point: -25.degree. C., manufactured
by NOF Corporation) for soybean oil fatty acid and magnesium
hydroxide of 13 kg/hr for calcium hydroxide of 20 kg/hr and that a
temperature of the jackets in the third and fourth barrels
(kneading and reacting part) was changed from 180.degree. C. to
100.degree. C. and a temperature of the jackets in the fifth and
sixth barrels (cooling part) was changed from -10.degree. C. to
-5.degree. C. After finishing the reaction, a fatty acid magnesium
salt product was obtained at a reactivity, an amount and a yield
each shown in Table 12.
PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 4
[0052] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in
Production Example 1, except that safflower oil fatty acid (melting
point: -15.degree. C.) was substituted for soybean oil fatty acid
and that a temperature of the jackets in the third and fourth
barrels (kneading and reacting part) was changed from 180.degree.
C. to 160.degree. C. After finishing the reaction, a fatty acid
calcium salt product was obtained at a reactivity, an amount and a
yield each shown in Table 12.
13 TABLE 12 Production Example 1 3 4 Kind of fatty Soybean oil 2
Extra .alpha.- Safflower oil acid fatty acid Extra EPA90 Linolenic
70 fatty acid Kind of metal Calcium Magnesium Magnesium Calcium
Amount (kg) 557 566 570 557 Yield (%) 98.0 97.0 98.0 98.0
Reactivity (%) 99.9 99.8 99.7 99.5
PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 6
[0053] Four kinds of the fatty acid metal salts obtained in
Production Examples 1 to 4 were mixed with the base feed by the use
of a ribbon mixer in compositions shown in Table 13 to prepare
mixed feeds. The feed shown in Table 2 in Preparation Example 1 was
used for the base feed. The feeds thus obtained were designated as
Samples 85 to 92. Shown in Table 13 were the contents of linoleic
acid, linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contained in
the mixed feeds.
14TABLE 13 Sample Fatty acid metal Base Linoleic Linolenic EPA No.
salt (g) feed (kg) acid (g) acid (g) Sample 85 Soybean oil fatty
acid calcium salt 3.45 30.98 7.19 3.45 (50) Sample 86 Extra EPA90
fatty acid 3.45 6.90 3.45 47.11 magnesium salt (50) Sample 87 Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 70 fatty acid 3.45 17.48 38.00 3.45 magnesium
salt (50) Sample 88 Safflower oil fatty acid calcium 3.45 41.73
3.50 3.45 salt (50) Sample 89 Soybean oil fatty acid calcium salt
3.35 78.93 14.56 3.35 (150) Sample 90 Extra EPA90 fatty acid 3.35
6.70 3.35 134.3 magnesium salt (150) Sample 91 Extra
.alpha.-Linolenic 70 fatty acid 3.35 38.43 107.0 3.35 magnesium
salt (150) Sample 92 Safflower oil fatty acid calcium 3.35 111.2
3.49 3.35 salt (150)
EXAMPLE 1
[0054] Divided into 18 groups by every 20 head were 360 head of
Land Race Yorkshire genus female pigs having an average body weight
of 170 kg. In a duration extending from 30 days before artificial
insemination up to 3 weeks after the artificial insemination, each
of Samples 1 to 18 was fed to each group in an amount of 3.5 kg per
head a day. Sperms of Dirac genus were fertilized by artificial
insemination, and then 3.5 kg per head a day on the average of
Sample 1 was fed during a pregnant duration. In the subsequent
delivery, determined were a litter size, average days of returning
estrus and an average number of delactation of each group (20
head). The results thereof are shown in table 14.
15 TABLE 14 Average days of Average number Litter size returning
estrus of delactation (head) (day) (head) Sample 1 11.5 12.2 9.5
Sample 2 13.5 6.8 11.9 Sample 3 14.8 5.7 13.0 Sample 4 14.7 5.5
12.9 Sample 5 14.7 5.6 13.0 Sample 6 14.5 5.5 13.0 Sample 7 12.0
11.8 10.2 Sample 8 14.3 6.3 12.6 Sample 9 14.9 5.8 13.1 Sample 10
15.0 5.8 13.2 Sample 11 15.3 5.9 13.2 Sample 12 15.2 5.5 13.1
Sample 13 12.0 11.7 10.2 Sample 14 14.6 6.0 12.8 Sample 15 15.5 5.5
13.6 Sample 16 15.7 5.5 13.9 Sample 17 15.5 5.6 13.6 Sample 18 15.4
5.5 13.7
[0055] Among Samples 1 to 18 used in the present example, only
Samples 1, 7 and 13 each had linoleic acid, linolenic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents of less than 20 g. The
respective groups fed with the feeds compounded with any of soybean
oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, linseed oil and borage oil
showed good breeding results in all of the three items as compared
with those of the groups fed with Samples 1, 7 and 13 compounded
with beef tallow hardened oil. That is, the feeds compounded with
triglycerides containing linoleic acid and linolenic acid were
improved in breeding results.
EXAMPLE 2
[0056] The feeding test was carried out in the same manner as in
Example 1, except that the number of the female pigs was changed
from 360 head to 420 head and 18 groups were changed to 21 groups.
The 21 groups each were fed with each of Samples 19 to 39. The
results thereof are shown in table 15.
16 TABLE 15 Average days of Average number Litter size returning
estrus of delactation (head) (day) (head) Sample 19 11.6 12.3 9.7
Sample 20 13.8 6.6 12.0 Sample 21 14.3 6.0 12.4 Sample 22 14.5 6.1
12.6 Sample 23 14.5 6.1 12.7 Sample 24 14.6 6.1 12.8 Sample 25 14.6
6.2 12.7 Sample 26 11.9 12.1 9.9 Sample 27 14.8 6.0 12.8 Sample 28
15.2 5.7 13.4 Sample 29 15.4 5.7 13.6 Sample 30 15.6 5.6 13.6
Sample 31 15.6 5.6 13.8 Sample 32 15.5 5.6 13.7 Sample 33 12.0 12.0
10.1 Sample 34 15.0 5.9 13.0 Sample 35 16.4 5.4 14.5 Sample 36 16.5
5.4 14.7 Sample 37 16.3 5.4 14.5 Sample 38 16.5 5.5 14.8 Sample 39
16.3 5.7 14.5
[0057] Among Samples 19 to 39 used in the present example, all of
Samples 19, 26 and 33 each had linoleic acid, linolenic acid and
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents of 20 g or less. The
respective groups fed with the samples compounded with soybean oil
fatty acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, safflower oil fatty acid,
Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 70, linseed oil fatty acid and borage oil
fatty acid showed good breeding results in all of the three items
as compared with those of the groups fed with Samples 19, 26 and 33
compounded with beef tallow hardened oil fatty acid. That is, the
samples compounded with linoleic acid and linolenic acid were
improved in breeding results.
EXAMPLE 3
[0058] The feeding test was carried out in the same manner as in
Example 2, except that each of the 21 groups was fed with Samples
40 to 60 in place of Samples 19 to 39. The results thereof are
shown in table 16.
17 TABLE 16 Average days of Average number Litter size returning
estrus of delactation (head) (day) (head) Sample 40 11.8 12.5 9.9
Sample 41 14.0 6.5 12.1 Sample 42 14.8 6.0 13.0 Sample 43 14.9 6.0
13.2 Sample 44 14.8 6.1 13.0 Sample 45 14.9 6.1 13.3 Sample 46 14.8
6.0 13.1 Sample 47 12.1 12.3 10.1 Sample 48 14.3 6.1 12.3 Sample 49
15.2 5.8 13.4 Sample 50 15.5 5.6 13.7 Sample 51 15.5 5.5 13.8
Sample 52 15.4 5.5 13.8 Sample 53 15.5 5.6 13.8 Sample 54 12.3 12.2
10.2 Sample 55 14.8 6.0 12.9 Sample 56 16.0 5.8 14.3 Sample 57 16.1
5.5 14.4 Sample 58 16.1 5.4 14.4 Sample 59 16.3 5.5 14.5 Sample 60
16.3 5.4 14.7
[0059] Among Samples 40 to 60 used in the present example, Samples
40, 47 and 54 each had linoleic acid, linolenic acid and EPA
contents of 20 g or less. The respective groups fed with the
samples compounded with fatty acid calcium salts comprising soybean
oil fatty acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, safflower oil fatty acid,
Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 70, linseed oil fatty acid or borage oil
fatty acid showed good breeding results in all of the three items
as compared with those of the groups fed with Samples 40, 47 and 54
compounded with calcium salt of fatty acid contained in beef tallow
hardened oil. That is, the samples compounded with fatty acid
calcium salts containing linoleic acid and linolenic acid were
improved in breeding results.
EXAMPLE 4
[0060] The feeding test was carried out in the same manner as in
Example 1, except that the number of the female pigs was changed
from 360 head to 240 head and 18 groups were changed to 12 groups.
The 12 groups each were fed with each of Samples 61 to 72. The
results thereof are shown in table 17.
18 TABLE 17 Average days of Average number Litter size returning
estrus of delactation (head) (day) (head) Sample 61 11.5 12.2 9.5
Sample 62 14.6 6.3 13.1 Sample 63 14.8 6.0 13.3 Sample 64 14.8 6.0
13.2 Sample 65 12.0 12.2 10.5 Sample 66 15.4 5.7 13.9 Sample 67
15.3 5.7 13.9 Sample 68 15.6 5.5 13.8 Sample 69 12.6 12.4 10.5
Sample 70 16.0 5.4 14.4 Sample 71 16.1 5.7 14.4 Sample 72 16.2 5.6
14.6
[0061] Among Samples 61 to 72 used in the present example, Samples
61, 65 and 69 each had linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and EPA contents
of 20 g or less. The respective groups fed with the samples
compounded with Extra Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolen- ic 90, Extra
Arachidonic 90 and Extra EPA 90 showed good breeding results in all
of the three items as compared with those of the groups fed with
Samples 61, 65 and 69 compounded with beef tallow hardened oil
fatty acid. That is, the samples compounded with fatty acids
containing bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and EPA
were improved in breeding results.
EXAMPLE 5
[0062] The feeding test was carried out in the same manner as in
Example 1, except that the number of the female pigs was changed
from 360 head to 400 head and 18 groups were changed to 20 groups
and that the 20 groups each were fed with each of Samples 73 to 92.
The results thereof are shown in table 18.
19 TABLE 18 Average days of Average number Litter size returning
estrus of delactation (head) (day) (head) Sample 73 11.3 12.5 9.5
Sample 74 14.8 6.8 13.3 Sample 75 14.7 6.3 13.3 Sample 76 14.6 6.1
13.5 Sample 77 12.0 12.3 10.5 Sample 78 15.5 5.7 13.8 Sample 79
15.1 5.9 13.9 Sample 80 15.6 5.7 13.9 Sample 81 12.6 12.2 10.5
Sample 82 16.1 5.5 14.5 Sample 83 16.2 5.7 14.6 Sample 84 16.3 5.5
14.6 Sample 85 14.2 6.4 12.3 Sample 86 14.3 6.3 13.2 Sample 87 14.6
6.1 13.1 Sample 88 14.8 6.0 13.2 Sample 89 14.5 6.0 12.5 Sample 90
15.4 5.8 13.6 Sample 91 15.3 5.6 13.7 Sample 92 15.6 5.5 13.8
[0063] Among Samples 73 to 92 used in the present example, Samples
73, 77 and 81 each had linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
bishomo-.gamma.-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and EPA contents
of 20 g or less. The respective groups fed with the samples
compounded with Extra Bishomo-.gamma.-Linolen- ic 90 fatty acid
calcium salt, Extra Arachidonic 90 fatty acid calcium salt, soybean
oil fatty acid calcium salt, Extra EPA 90 fatty acid calcium salt
and fatty acid magnesium salt, Extra .alpha.-Linolenic 70 fatty
acid calcium salt and safflower oil fatty acid calcium salt showed
good breeding results in all of the three items as compared with
those of the groups fed with Samples 73, 77 and 81 compounded with
beef tallow hardened oil fatty acid calcium salt.
[0064] Industrial Applicability
[0065] According to the present invention, fed are a fatty acid
having 12 to 24 carbon atoms which has a melting point falling in a
range of -60 to 40.degree. C. and an iodine value falling in a
range of 30 to 470 and which has 2 to 6 double bonds in a molecule,
triglyceride containing the above fatty acid and a metal salt of
the above fatty acid which assume an important part in breeding,
whereby breeding results can be elevated by shortening the days of
returning estrus and increasing a litter size and the number of
delactation. Accordingly, a productivity of young pigs is improved
to a large extent, which brings about industrial advantages.
* * * * *